The Avifauna of Bay

Carlos Bento

Maputo Bay water diversity Around 7% (13 species) of are considered visitors ; .�?S� .2,'; .5,.,::'..e:s :,=,u·:i-:::b,',i i:1:..-d s�a- and are all seabirds (Figure lA). Moreover, based on birds have been reported from Maputo Bay (Parker, Hockey et al. (2005), over 25% of the birds frequently 2000), with many of chem observed in hundreds or observed around Mapuco Bay are considered uncorn- thousands (De Boer and Bento, 1999). Five species of mon or rare (Figure 1 B ). The current total bird list for seabirds are new for the region and were recently Maputo Bay area includes 180 species (see Annex 1). observed in 2013: cory's shearwater (Calonectris diome- Two key faccors ensure the heterogeneity of the dea), fleshfooced shearwacer (Pzifjinus carneipes), sooty natural ecosystem in chis region: (i) numerous rivers shearwater (Puffinus griseus), Wilson's storrnpetrel discharge into Maputo Bay and, (ii) there is a large, I' (Oceanites oceanicus) and lesser noddy (Anous tenuiros- almost continuous belt of mangrove forests around tris) (Gary Allport, pers. comm.). An additional SO the Bay, associated with the Macola, Umbeluzi and non-aquatic species are also pare of the Maputo Bay Tembe estuaries in the west, the Maputo River estu- bird checklist, because they use Maputo Bay habi- ary in the south of the and Incomati River estuary in tats, in particular the various wetlands. the northwest (Figure 2; see also Case Study 2.1 and tv'Iapuco Bay is a heterogeneous environment, sup- Chapter 7). porting a large variety of bird species, distributed The areas with the greatest concentration of over different habitats, namely: (i) offshore oceanic, birds are (i) the regions of Marola-Lingamo (includ- (ii) inshore marine, (iii) estuarine, (iv) tidal mudflats, ing the salt fields screeching from Luis Cabral to the (v) mangrove forests, (vi) coastal plains, (vii) marshes, interior of Marola River, near the Mozal smelter), (ii) (· iii) lagoons and (ix) inland water bodies. Approxi- the extensive area of mangrove forests and mudflats mately 65% (117. species) of che birds reported from at the mouths of the Urnbeluzi, Ternbe and Maputo around Maputo Bay are common and resident spe- rivers, and the floodplains created along the Futi cies which occur throughout the year. However, River (part of, and adjacent co the Maputo Special approximately 28% (SO species) are migratory with Elephant Reserve), (iii) the coastal lagoons within the largest percentages being Palearccic migratory the latter reserve, (iv) Island, and (v) the birds together with some inter-African migrants. mouth of the Incornati River estuary. l The Maputo eay Ecosystem 265 II. Main Habitats and Ecological Functioning

A 80 B 80

60 60 l :>. v ..c 40 :, CT ...f! 20 20 ,-----, .....------. ;--- , ' i 0 -'--'---�-�--'--��-�-�--� 0 Visitor Intra-African Paleartic Resident Common Uncommon Rare Migrant Migrant

Figure 1. Birds of Maputo Bay. (Al Proportion of resident migratory and visitor species; (B) proportion of common, uncommon and rare species.

(N umenius phaeopus), white-fronted pl over (C haradrius marginatus), greater sand plover (C. leschenaultii}, and N ringed plover (C. hiaticula) (Dodman et al., 1997). Two A species of flamingo occur in this region with the greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus) sometimes with over 4,000 individuals during the dry season. Along the coast from the mouth of the Maputo River to the harbour of Catembe the most common birds are grey-headed gull (Larus arrocephalus}, whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea), turnstone (Arenaria interpres), white-fronted plover (Charac!rius marginatus) and ringed plover (C. hiaticula}. Within the Maputo Ele- \ . 1 f phant Reserve (adjacent to Maputo Bay), there are a

• """Subn-.J"""9fd �tic 1f1191t.ll1on large number of lakes behind the sand dunes. Here, 0,.. , .,,0, .... \ the most common species are woolly-necked stork .�\'. (Ciconia episcopus), little tern (Sterno albifrons), whisk- ered tern (Chlidonias hybridus), Kittlitz's plover (Charadrius pecuarius), white-fronted plover, cape teal Figure 2. Distribution of coastal habitats around Maputo Bay (Anos capensis} and dwart bittern (lxobrychus sturmii) (adapted from Case Study 2.1 ). (Parker and de Boer, 2000; Dodman et al., 1997). The egrets and storks are also common at the mouth of More than 4,500 water birds use the Macola-Lin- the Incomati River, together with the little egret gamo salcmarshes (near Estuario do Espirito Santo) (Egretta garzeta), yellowbilled egret (Egretta interme­ during low tide co feed. The most abundant species dia), cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis), blackheaded heron are curlew sandpiper (Calidris ferruginea), Sanderling (Ardea melanocephala), and grey heron (Ardea anerea) . . · :: (C. alba), grey plover (P luvialis squatarola), whimbrel Crossing Maputo Bay at various points, several white-

266 The Maputo Bay Ecosystem Cose Study 12.3. The Avifouno of Maputo Boy

breasted cormorants (P halacrocorax carbo) can also be shank (Tringa neoularia}, curlew sandpiper (Calidris observed. ferruginea), sanderling (C. alba), whimbrel (Numenius phae­ provides a variety of habitats for opus) and avocet (Recuroirostra aoosetta}. Upstream, 299 bird species, representing 33% of all bird species away from the estuarine environment che species occurring in Southern Africa, and including shore- assemblage changes to include black crake (Amau­

birds, birds of marshy areas and forest birds. Some rornis fiaoirostris), ··redchesced flufftail (S arothrura '! birds are Palearctic migrants, a few are African rufa), purple galinule (P orphyrio porphyrio), moorhen !. migrants and some are residents (De Boer and Bento, (Gallinula chloropus), jacana (Actophilornis africanus}, 1999). Inhaca Island intertidal zone supports thou- lesser blackwinged plover (Canel/us lugubris), crown :,• I sands of shorebirds. Direct counts from 1995, 1996 plover (Vanellus coronatus}, blacksmith plover l and 1997 recorded 6,566, 5, 1'00 and 8,514 shorebirds (V.armatus), wattled plover (V senegallus), common r , t respectively (de Boer, 2002), showing the importance sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos), wood sandpiper (Tringa I; of the island as the most southern point of the flyway glareola), liitle seine (Calidris minuta), ruff (Philoma­ for migratory birds on the east coast of Africa. Nine chus pugnax), blackwinged stilt (Himantopus himanto­ .. bird species recorded on Inhaca are within IUCN pus), spotted dikkop (Burhinus capensis) and Red Dara list of threatened species. These are the redwinged partincole (Giareola pratincola), t ' jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus), white pelican (Pelicanus onocratalus), (P Main threats to avifauna in Maputo Bay pinkback.ed pelican rufes­ ,, cens), greatwinged petrel (Pterodroma macroptera), Habitat reclamation and pollution woollynecked stork (Ciconia episcopus), openbilled The urban expansion is probably one of the main stork (Anastomus lamelligurus), yellobilled stork (Myc­ threats to the avifauna of Maputo Bay, particularly in teria ibis), caspian tern (Hydroprogne caspia) and man- the outskirts of the cities of Maputo and Macola, from grove kingfisher (Halcyon senegaloides) (De Boer and the construction of infrastructure such as residential Bento, 1999). areas along the shore and in the reclaimed wetlands The shoreline of the Costa de Sol is mostly sandy. adjacent to Maputo Bay. In this process, large patches Thus, its productivity is low in terms of benthic of mangrove forest and reed beds were destroyed, organisms and therefore the most frequent birds here leading to a significant reduction of natural habitats, are fish eating birds such as the grey-headed gull accompanied by reduction or complete disruption of (Larus cirrocephalus), swift tern (Sterna bergii), little the natural ecological processes that are so viral to tern (S. albifrons) and sooty tern (S./uscata). Further maintain the biodiversity of these habitats, inland from the mouth of the Incomati River, the The largest industrial park of is located intertidal zone has a rather muddy substrate and is in Maputo and Macola, with pollutants, ranging from highly productive. Consequently this area supports waste oil and soap to fossil fuels, discharged into many intertidal species including the greater fla- Maputo Bay without treatment or processing (see mingo (Phoenicopterus roseus), the lesser flamingo (P Chapter 16). Pollutants and industrial debris usually minor), ringed plover (Charadrius hiaticula), white- reduce bird densities in affected habitats around the fronted plover (C. marginatus}, Kittlitz's plover (C. Bay. For example, large areas near the Macola docks pecuarius) threebanded plover (C. tricollaris), grey are now avoided by birds due to the presence of plover (Piuoialis squataroia), turnstone (Arenaria excessive dust from the coal which is handled there. interpres), Terek sandpiper (Xenus cinereus), green- Similarly, the presence of oil in the environment from

The Maputo Bay Ecosystem 267 II. Main Habitats and Ecological Functioning

the Fazol and Parmalat industries also appears nega- Infulene River valley, areas that are part of a rnajr tively affecting the bird densities. The industrializa- bird migration route. A short survey made along tr tion of these sites along the shores of Maputo Bay has power lines from the former coal generator (Sonef led to a progressive loss of habitats favourable to co the vicinity of Maputo's toll gate (about 1,200 1 birds, resulting in some key tidal areas, previously distance) yielded six bird carcasses of which thre used by a variety of species being reclaimed for the were of the greater flamingo, clearly showing th construction of warehouses and a foundry. The same bird mortality due to these structures in this region happened when the port of Macola expanded for the relatively high. The problem of pollutants rnentione construction of the Mozal and seed terminal. earlier, is not considered a major threat, althouj some wetlands closer to oil and soap factories loca« at Matola-Lingarno, appear to be avoided by ware Around Maputo Bay, illegal hunting or poaching is fowl, which is exceptional for wetlands arour manifested in several ways. Some residents in the cit- Maputo Bay. ies of Maputo and Macola have licenses to carry fire- arms for hunting, and on weekends travel to places Bird conservation with high concentrations of waterfowl to shoot birds Maputo Bay is bordered by two major towns (Mapu illegally. The main target species are ducks and fla- and Macola), hence the potential for developing ec mingos. These hunters should have specific licenses tourism activities (including bird-watching) is high from the Ministry of Agriculture, allowing them to most of the areas with large bird concentrations � hunt specific bird species, provided that detailed close to these two cities. A better coordinati studies have been carried out co access quotas and between the municipal councils and civil socie the long-term sustainability of these hunting activi- organizations (e.g. the Ornithological Club ofMoza ties. In addition, national and international regula- bique) is required to identify potential sites, seal tions to which Mozambique is committed are being holders, procedures, and infrastructure for t flaunted by such illegal practices, frequently observed purpose. Profits from these activities could serve around the salt marshes of Mato la and further west at some part for the rehabilitation of degraded bird h: Boane. There, subsistence hunters use snares, sticks itats, such as the mangroves forests and reed mar and scones co kill or capture birds co sell along the lands close to these cities. Maputo Bay has a la

roadsides or in town. The main selling points are potential to expand its wetland areas and use I identified, and the sale is mostly carried out by chil- services such ecosystems provide, such as purifi dren. The species sold most frequently is the white- tion of waters prior to discharge into the Bay. I faced whistling duck (Dendrocygna oiduata), but example, sewage systems that discharge directly i sometimes flamingos and pelicans are offered. Maputo Bay could be located so as co be surrounc by mangrove forests or reed meadows co impr: water quality, measures that would also help impr High voltage power lines especially along the Espirito public health, the health of birds, and improve Santos estuary and in the Infulene River valley pose habitat availability for birds. a great threat co birds. These power lines extend Together with the surrounding shallow water from the Macola Industrial zone to the vicinity of tidal areas, Maputo Bay has great potential to qu2 Maputo harbour as well as along parallel lines in the as a Wetland of Internacional Importance under

268 The Maputo Bay Ecosystem aw

Case Study 12.3. The Avifauna of Maputo Bay

Ramsar Convention since it meets several of the qual- marine life, as well as an important migration corridor ification criteria: it supports populations of plant and for certain fish species (criteria 8). Given the current species important for maintaining the biologi- numbers of resident and migratory waterfowl that use cal diversity of this particular biogeographic region the area over the year, and the various interests in (criteria 3); it regularly supports more than 20,000 future development around Maputo Bay, this impor- water birds during the year (criteria 5), as documented tant ecosystem would benefit significantly if consid- by the coordinated waterfowl counts in summer (Dod- ered a wetla�? of international importance under the man et al., 1999); and the area supports more than 1 % Ramsar Convention, with benefits to the wider region of the entire population of the greater flamingo (crite- by encouraging sustainable development and the ria 6). Finally, Maputo Bay is an important feeding area preservation of the extensive wetlands, mangrove for- for fish, spawning and nursery grounds for diverse ests, seagrass meadows, and sandy and rocky beaches. "

Acknowledgments

To Gary Allport for sharing the recent bird list for Maputo Bay.

Bibliography

de Boer, W.F., 2002. The shorebird community struc- Hockey, P.A.R., Dean, W.R.]., Ryan P.G., 2005. Rob­ ture at an intertidal mudflat in southern Mozam- erts' Birds of Southern Africa (7'h ed.), John Voel- bique. Ardea 90, 81-92. cker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town, 1296 pp. de Boer, W.F., Bento, C.M., 1999. Birds of Inhaca Maclean, G.L., 1993. Roberts' birds of Southern Africa. Island, Mozambique. Birdlife - , John Voelcker Bird Book Fund, Cape Town. Cape Town, 76 pp. Parker, V. 2000. Atlas das Aver do Sul do Save, Mofam­ Dedman, T. de Vaan, C., Hubert, E., Niver, C., 1997. bique. Avian Demography Unit, Endangered Wild- African Waterfowl Census 1997. Wetlands Inter- life Trust, Cape Town and Johannesburg, 276 pp. national, Wageningen, The . 260 pp. Parker, V., de Boer, W.F., 2000. Birds of the Maputo Dodman, T., Beibro, H.Y., Hubert, E., Williams, E., Elephant Reserve. Bright Continent Guide No. 1999. African Waterbird Census 1998. Wetlands 2. Avian Demography Unit and Endangered International, Dakar, Senegal, 296 pp. Wildlife Trust, Rondebosch, 52 pp.

The Maputo Bay Ecosystem 269 II. Main Habitats and Ecological Functioning

Annex I. Maputo Bay bird checklist (compiled from Dodman et ol., 1999; Parker and de Boer, 2000; Parker 2000; Gary Allport, pers. con

Scientific Name Portuguese Name English Name Acrocephalus baeticatus Rouxinol-dos-cani<;:os-africano African Marsh Warbler Acrocepholus graci/irosrris Rouxlnol-pequeno-dos-pantanos Cape Reed Warbler Actitis hypoleucos Macartco-das-rochas Common Sandpiper Actophilornis africanus Jacana African Jacana Alcedo atstata Pica-peixe-de-poupa Malachite Kingfisher Alopochen aegyptiacus Ganso do Egipto Egyptian Goose Amaurornis flavirosrris Franga-de-agua-preta Black Crake Anas capensis Marreco do Cabo Cape Teal Anas erythroryncha Pato-de-bico-vermelho Red-billed Teal Anas bottentota Pato-hotentote Hottentot Teal Anas smithii Pato-trombeteiro do Cabo Cape Shoveller Anas undulate Pato-do-bico-amarelo Yellow-billed Duck Anastomus lamelligurus Bico-aberto Open-billed Stork Anhinga melanogaster Mergulhao-serpente Darter Anous tenuirostris Lesser Noddy Aquila wahlbergi Aguia-Wahlberg Wahlberg's Eagle Ardea cinerea Garca-reel Grey Heron Ardea goliath Gar,;:a-Heron Goliath Heron Ardea melanocephala Garca-de-cabeca-preta Black-headed Heron Ardea purpurea Gar,;:a-Vermelha Purple Heron Ardeola ralloides Gar,;:a-caranguejeira Squacco Heron Arenaria intetpres Rola-do-mar Turnstone Asio capensis Coruja-dos-pantanos Marsh Owl Balearica regulorum Grou-coroado-austral Crowned Crane Bostrychia hagedash Singanga Hadeda Ibis Bradypterus baboecala Felosa-dos-juncos-africanos African Sedge Warbler Bubulcus ibis Carraceira Cattle Egret Bucorvus leadbeateri Calau-gigante Ground Hornbill Burhinus capensis Alcaravao do Cabo Spotted Dikkop Burhinus vermiculatus Alcaravao-de-aqua Water Dikkop Butorides strlatus Garca-de-dorso-verde Green-backed Heron Calidris alba Pilrito-sanderlingo Sanderling Calidris ferruginea Pilrito-de-bico-comprido Curlew Sandpiper Calidris minuta Pilrito-pequeno Little Stint Calonectris diomedea Cory's Shearwater Centropus benqalensls Cucal de Bengala Black Coucal Centropus burche/lii Cucal de Burchell Burchell's Coucal Ceryle rudis Pica-peixe-malhado Pied Kingfisher Charadrius hiaticulo Borrelho-grande-de-coleira Ringed Plover Charadrius leschenaultia Borrelho-da-areia Sand Plover Charadrius marginatus Borrelho-de-fronte-branca White-fronted Plover Charadrius mongolus Borrelho-mongol Mongolian Plover Charadrius pallidus Borrelho-de-colar-arruivaoo Chestnut-banded Plover Charadrius pecuarius Borrelho de Kittlitz Kittlitz's Plover Charadrius tricollaris Borrelho-de-tres-qolas Three-banded Plover Chlidonias hybridus Gaivina-de-faces-brancas Whiskered Tern chlidonias leucoprerus Gaivina-de-asa-branca White-winged Tern Chloropeta natalensis Felosa-amarela Yellow Warbler Chrysococcyx caprius Cuco-bronzeado-maior Diederik cuckoo

270 The Mapuco Bay Ecosystem Case Study l 2.3. The Avifauna of Maputo Bay

Scientific Name Portuguese Name English Name Ciconia ciconia Cegonha-branca White-Stork Ciconia episcopus Cegonha-episcopal Woolly-necked Stork Circus ranivorus Iartaranhao-dos-pantanos African Marsh Harrier Cisticola erythrops Fuinha-de-faces-vermelhas Red-faced Cisticola Cisticola galactotes Fuinha-de-dorso-preto Black-backed Cisticola Cisticola juncidis Fuinha-dos-juncos Fantailed Cisticola Cisticola natalensis Fuinha do Natal Croaking Cisticola Cisticola texttix Fuinha-das-nuvens Cloud Cisticola Corvus a/bus Seminarista Pied Crow Corvus splendens Corvo-indiano House Crow Cotutnix delegorguei ., Codorniz-arlequim Harlequin Quail Cursorius temminckii Corredor de Temminck Temminck's Couser Daption Capense Pombo-marinho do Caba Pintado Petrel Oendrocygna bicolor Pato-assobiador-arruivado Fulvous Duck Oendrocygna viduata Pato-assobiador-de-faces-brancas White-faced Duck Oiomedea cauta Albatroz-de-barrete-branca Shy Albatross Oiomedea Chlororhynchos Albatroz-de-bico-amarelo Yellow-noosed Albatross Oiomedea melanophris Albatroz-olheirudo Black-brewed Albatross Oroma ardeola Tarambola-caranguejeira Crab Plover Egretta alba Garca-branca-qrade Greater White Egret Egretta ardesiaca Garca-preta Black Egret Egretta qarzetta Garca-branca-pequena Little Egret Egretta intermedia Garca-branca-interrnedia Yellow-billed Egret Ephippiorhynchus senegalensis Jabiru Saddle-billed Stork Estrilda astrild Bico-de-lacre-comum Common Waxbill Euplectes ardens Viuva-de-colar-vermelho Red-collared Widow Eup/ectes axillaris Viu /a-de-espaduas-verrnelhas Red-shouldered Widow Euplectes orix Cardeal-tecelao-verrnelho Red Bishop Eupodotis melanoqoster Abetarda-de-barriga-preta Black-bellied Korhaan Falco concolor Fakao-sombrto Sooty Falcon Fregata ariel Fragata-pequena Lesser Frigatebird Fregata minor Fragata-grande Greater Frigatebird Fregetta tropica Palnho-de-ventre-preto Black-bellied Storm Petrel Fulica aistota Galeirao-de-crista Red-knobbed Coot Gallinago nigripennis Narceja-africana Ethiopian Snipe Gallinu/a chloropus Galinha-de-aqua Moorhen I Glareo/a pratincola Perdlz-do-rnar Red-winged Pratincole J· Gypohierax angolensis Aguia-das-palmeiras Palm-nut Vulture Haematopus astralegus Ostraceiro-Europeu European Oystercatcher Haematopus moquini Ostraceiro-preto-africano African Black Oystercatcher Halcyon senegaloides Pica-peixe-dos-mangais Mangrove Kingfisher Ha/iaeetus vocifer Aguia-pesqueira-africana African Fish Eagle Himanropus himantopus Perna-longa Black-winged Stilt Hirundo smithii Andorinha-cauda-de-arame Wire-tailed Swallow Hydroprogne caspia Gaivina-de-bico-vermelho Caspian Tern lspidina picta Pica-peixe-pig meu Pygmy Kingfisher lxobrychus minutus Garcenho-pequeno little-Bittern Logonosricta rubricate Petto-de-foqo-de-blco-azul Blue-billed Firefinch Larus cirrocephalus Gaivora-de-cebeca-cinzenta Grey-headed Gull Larus dominicanus Gaivota-dominicana Kelp Gull Larus fuscus Gaivota-de-asa-escura Lesser Black-backed Gull

The Maputo Bay Ecosystem 271 II. Main Habitats and Ecological Functioning

Scientific Name Portuguese Name English Name Limosa /apponica Fuselo Bar-tailed Godwit Macronyx ameliae Unha-longa-vermelho Pink-throated Longclaw Macronyx capensis Unha-longa-de-garganta-laranja Orange-throated Longclaw Macronyx aoceus Unha-longa-amarelo Yellow-throated Longclaw Megaceryle maxima Pica-peixe-gigante Giant Kingfisher Merops bullockoides Abelharuco-de-fronte-branca White-fronted Bee-eater Merops petsicus Abelharuco-persa Blue-cheeked Bee-eater Merops pusillus Abelharuco-dourado Little Bee-eater Microparra capensls Jacana-pequena Lesser Jacana Milvus migrans Milhafre-preto Yellow-billed Kite Morus capensis Alcatraz do Cabo Cape Gannet Moracila aguimp Aiveola-preta-e-branca African Pied Wagtail Moracila copensis Al .eola do Cabo Cape Wagtail Moracilla cinnamomeus Pentinha-do-capim Grass-veld Pipit Mycreria ibis Cegonha-de-bico-amarelo Yellow-billed Stork Neotls denhami Abetarda-real Stanley's Bustard Netta eryrhrophrhalma Zarro-Africa no Southern Pochard Netrapus ouutus Pato-orelhudo Pygmy Goose Numenius arquata Ma,;arico-real Curlew Numenius phaeopus Ma,;arico-galego Whimbrel Nyaicotax nycticota« Gar,;a-nocturna Black-crowned Night Heron Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's Storm Petrel Orrygospiza atticollis Bico-de-lacre-codorniz Quail-Finch Pandion haliaerus Aguia-pesqueira Osprey Pelecanus onoctotalus Pelicano-branco White Pelican Peleconus rufescens Pelicano-cinzento Pink-backed Pelican Phalacrocorax africanus Corvo-marinho-africano Reed Cormorant Phalacrocorax capensis Corvo-marinho do Cabo Cape Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo Corvo-marinho-de-faces-brancas White-breasted Cormorant Philomachus pugnax Combatente Ruff Phoeniconaias minor Flamingo-pequeno Lesser Flamingo Phoenicoprerus ruber Flamingo-comum Greater Flamingo Plaralea alba Colhereiro-africano African Spoonbill Plecttopterus gambensis Pato-ferrao Spur-winged Goose Plegadis falcinellus tbis-preta Glossy Ibis Ploceus bubaureus Tecelao-arnarelo Yellow Weaver Ploceus oculatis Iecelao-de-lunetas Spectacled Weaver Ploceus xomroptetu: Tecelao-de-qarqanta-cestanha Brown-throated Weaver Pluvialis squararola Tarambola-cinzenta Grey Plover Porphyrio porphyria Cairnao-cornum Purple Gallinule Porzana pusi/la Franqa-de-aqua-pequena Baillon's (rake Prinia subflava Prinia-de-flancos-castanhos Tawny-flanked Prinia Procellaria aeauinoctialis Painho-de-queixo-branco White-chinned Petrel Pterodroma mactoptera Freira-de-asas-grandes Great-winged Petrel Pufflnus cameipes Flesh-footed Shearwater Pufflnus griseus Sooty Shearwater Que/ea eryrhrops Ouelea-de-cabeca-verrnelha Redheaded Quelea Rallus caerulencens Fraoqo-de-aqua-afrtcano African Rail Recurvirosrra avosetta Alfaiate A>IOCet Riparia poludicoia Andorinha-das-barreiras-africana Brown-throated Martin Rostrarula benghalansis Narceja-pintada Painted Snipe

272 The Maputo Bay Ecosystem I • t I Case Study 12.3. The Avifauna of Maputo Bay

English Name Portuguese Name Scientific Name Secretary Bird Secretario Sogitrorius serpentorius Knob-billed Duck Pato-de-caruncula Sorkidiornis melonotos Buffs-potted Flufftail Franga-de-agua-elegante Sorothruro elegans Stonechat Cartaxo-cornum Soxicola torquota Hamerkop Passaro martelo Scopus umbretta Pei's Fishing Owl Corujao-pesqueiro Scotopelio pe/i Jackass Penguin Pinguim do Cabo Spheniscus demersus Orange-breasted Waxbill Bico-de-lacre-de-peito-laranja Sporaeginthus subflovus Pornarine Skua Moleiro-pomarino Stercorarius pomorinus Little Tern Gaivina-pequena Sterno o/bifrons Lesser Crested Tern Gaivina-de-bico-laranja Sterno bengolensis Swift Tern Gaivina-de-bico-arnarelo Sterno bergii Common Tern Gaivina-cornum Sterno hirundo Sandwich Tern Garajau Sterno sondvicensis Dabchick Mergulhao-pequeno Tachyboptus ruficollis White-backed Duck Pato-de-dorso-branco Tha/ossomis leuconotus Sacred Ibis lbis-Sagrada Threskiornis oethiopicus Wood Sandpiper Ma�arico-bastardo Tringo gloreola Greenshank Perna-verde-comum Tringo neoukuio Marsh Sandpiper Perna-verde-fino Tringo srognatalis Black-rumped Buttonquail Toirao-hotentote Turnix bouentotta Grass Owl Coruja-do-capim Tytoa/bo Blacksmith Plover Tarambola-preta-e-branca Vonellus armatus Crowned Plover Tararnbola-coroada \ianellus coronarus Long-toed Plover Ta ram bola-de-asa-bra nca \ 'onellus crossirostris Lesser Black-winged Plover Tararnbola-de-asa-negra�pequena · Vonellus /ugubris Wattled Plover Tararnbola-carunculada Vonel/us senegol/us Pintailed Whydah Viuvinha Viduo macroura Terek Sandpiper Ma arico-sovela Xenus cinereus �

273 The Maputo Bay Ecosystem