'World War 2 Treasure Hunters' TV Series Duxford Airfield Duxford, Cambridgeshire Author(S)/Editor(S) Schofield, T

Home , Duxford, RAF Coltishall, The Fighter Collection

‘World War 2 Treasure Hunters’ TV Series Duxford Airfield Duxford, Cambridgeshire

Client:

Date: July 2018

Series 1, Episode 4 Metal Detector Survey & Test Pit Report SACIC Report No. 2017/117 Authors: Timothy Schofield, Mark Sommers & Stephen Taylor © SACIC

Duxford Airfield, Duxford, Cambridgeshire World War 2 Treasure Hunters Series 1, Episode 4

Metal Detector Survey & Test Pit Report Authors: Timothy Schofield, Mark Sommers, Stephen Taylor Illustrators: Timothy Schofield, Mark Sommers, Rui Santo Editor: Stuart Boulter Report Date: July 2018

HER Information

Site Name: Duxford Airfield, Duxford, Cambridgeshire

Date of Fieldwork: 18th – 19th June 2017

Grid Reference: Dump Site 1: TL 4830 4710 Dump Site 2: TL 4470 4510

Oasis Reference: suffolka1-323354

Project Officers: Timothy Schofield, Mark Sommers

WWII Finds Expert: Stephen Taylor

Client: Emporium Productions Ltd

Digital report submitted to Archaeological Data Service: http://ads.ahds.ac.uk/catalogue/library/greylit

Prepared By: Timothy Schofield, Mark Sommers & Stephen Taylor Date: July 2018

Approved By: Stuart Boulter Position: Senior Project officer Date: July 2018

Signed:

Contents

Summary

1. Introduction 1

2. Geology and topography 3

3. Archaeological background 4

4. Methodology 6

5. Results and discussion 7

6. Conclusion 10

7. Archive deposition 10

8. Acknowledgements 10

9. Bibliography 11

List of Figures

Figure 1. Site location 2 Figure 2. Duxford, Dump Site 1 – Test Pit 1 12 Figure 3. Duxford, Dump Site 2 – Test Pit 2 and metal detector findspots 14 Figure 4. Plans and Sections, Dump Sites 1 & 2 16

List of Appendices

Appendix 1. Finds from Duxford Appendix 2. OASIS form

Summary On the 18th and 19th June 2017, Suffolk Archaeology Community Interest Company (SACIC) undertook a metal detector survey and a test pitting exercise on two suspected rubbish dump sites near Duxford Airfield, Duxford, Cambridgeshire. The aim of the project was to prospect, record and recover finds relating to the WW2 airfield, that was used by both the RAF and USAAF during the war.

Dump Site 1 was located to the east of the airfield, Dump Site 2 was situated on private land at the end of the runway to the west. The metal detector survey was undertaken over the entire extent of the two areas and returned some WW2 finds relating to the RAF, further finds were recovered during the test pitting exercise which determined the depth of deposits.

1. Introduction

On the 18th and 19th June 2017 a metal detector survey and a test pitting exercise were undertaken at two suspected rubbish dump sites to the east and west of Duxford Airfield, Duxford, Cambridgeshire (Fig. 1).

The surveys were overseen by Suffolk Archaeology Community Interest Company (SACIC) and commissioned by Emporium Productions Ltd, as part of a television series investigating the history of WW2 sites, with this episode set at Duxford Airfield.

The specific research aims of the metal detector survey and test pitting exercise were: • To confirm the presence of the two dump sites to the east and west of Duxford Airfield; • To define the extent of the dump sites; • To recover artefacts relating to the WW2 airfield; • To recover artefacts that could reveal activities relating to the WW2 airfield and its personnel.

Figure 1. Site location

2. Geology and topography

Two separate areas were surveyed at Duxford. Dump Site 1 was located to the east of the airfield and to the south of the A505 in Cambridgeshire (TL 4830 4710), within a wooded copse and immediately west of the railway line. It is situated on the side of a slope that rises from 29m AOD on its southern border up to a height of 32m AOD, as it nears the A505 on its northern boundary.

Dump Site 2 (TL 4470 4510) was situated on private property at a height of 36m AOD, bounded to the north by the A505, to the west by a field reclaimed back from a former landfill site used from 1957 to 1987. It is approximately 850m from the end of the current Duxford runway.

The bedrock geology at both sites is described as Holywell Nodular Chalk Formation, a sedimentary deposit formed 90 to 101 million years ago in the Cretaceous Period, when the environment was dominated by warm shallow chalk seas (BGS 2018).

Superficial deposits at Dump Site 1 are defined as Lowestoft Formation sand and gravel, deposited up to 2 million years ago in the Quaternary Period during glacial and interglacial periods (BGS 2018).

The superficial deposits at Dump Site 2 are alluvial fan deposits of clay, silt, sand and gravel, formed up to 3 million years ago in the Quaternary Period when the local environment was dominated by rivers depositing detrital fluvia from channels, floodplains and levees (BGS 2018).

3. Archaeological background

Duxford Aerodrome is located 15km south of the City of Cambridge, within the Parish of Duxford, Cambridgeshire and lies 1.6km west of the village of Duxford. Many of the buildings began to be constructed in 1918 by German prisoners of war. It housed 8 Squadron in 1919–1920 who were equipped with Bristol Fighters, followed by No. 2 Flying Training School RAF until April 1923, when 19 Squadron was formed in Duxford, who flew the Sopwith Snipes.

By 1925, Duxford's three fighter squadrons had expanded to include the Gloster Grebes and Armstrong Whitworth Siskins. No.19 Squadron was re-equipped with Bristol Bulldogs in 1931 and in 1935 it was the first squadron to fly the Gloster Gauntlet, the RAF's fastest new fighter capable of 230 mph (375 km/h). The station was enlarged between 1928 and 1932. In 1935, Duxford was the venue for the Silver Jubilee Review before King George V and Queen Mary, the resident squadron still being No. 19 who gave a special demonstration for the King over Duxford.

In 1936, Flight Lieutenant Frank Whittle, who was studying at Cambridge University, flew regularly from Duxford as a member of the Cambridge University Air Squadron. Whittle went on to develop the jet turbine to power aircraft, enabling Britain to produce the Gloster Meteor, which was the Allies' first operational jet fighter in 1943.

In 1938, No. 19 Squadron were the first to receive the Supermarine Spitfire, K9789, the third production Spitfire was presented on the 4th August 1938, by the chief test pilot Jeffrey Quill.

On the 3rd September 1939 Britain declared war on Germany and Duxford was readied to play a vital role. By June 1940, Belgium, the Netherlands and France were under German control with Britain as their next objective (Operation Sea Lion), Duxford was placed on a high state of readiness. To create space for additional units, 19 Squadron moved to nearby Fowlmere. Hurricanes first arrived at Duxford in July 1940, with the formation of 310 Squadron, consisting of Czechoslovakian pilots who had escaped from France. At the end of August, Air Vice-Marshal Trafford Leigh-Mallory, the commander of No. 12 Group, ordered the Hurricanes of 242 Squadron commanded by Douglas Bader to fly from RAF Coltishall joining No. 19 and 310 Squadrons on standby at 4

Duxford. These units, led by Bader, became known as the "Duxford Wing", the first of 12 Group's "Big Wing" formations.

On the 9th September 1940, the Duxford squadrons successfully intercepted and turned back a large force of German bombers before they reached their target, proving Duxford's importance. Two more squadrons were then added, No. 302 (Polish) Squadron RAF with Hurricanes, and the Spitfires of No. 611 Auxiliary Squadron who had mobilised at Duxford the year before.

Duxford became the home of several specialist units, including the Air Fighting Development Unit (AFDU), who moved to the station at the end of 1940. The AFDU's equipment included captured German aircraft, restored to flying condition for evaluation. Duxford was important in developing the Hawker Typhoon, a formidable low-level ground attack fighter. They also suggested replacing the engine of a Mk1 North American P-51 Mustang, with the famous Merlin. The Typhoon Wing was formed in 1942 with their first operation taking place on the 20th June 1942.

The USAAF 350th Fighter Group (Eighth Air Force) was activated by special authority at Duxford on the 1st October 1942, with a nucleus of Bell P-39 Airacobra pilots providing ground attack options for the Twelfth Air Force in the forthcoming Operation Torch (the invasion of North Africa). Initially, the group received export versions of the Airacobra known as the P-400, and a few Spitfires. The air echelon moved to Oujda, French Morocco from January to February 1943. In April 1943, the 78th Fighter Group arrived from RAF Goxhill who gave up their Lockheed P-38 Lightnings to units fighting in North Africa, most of the pilots were also transferred to the Twelfth Air Force as replacements. The group was re-equipped with Republic P-47C Thunderbolts and remained at Duxford, their aircraft were marked with a black/white chequerboard pattern. After this the last RAF units moved out on the 15th June 1943; Duxford was officially handed over to the Eighth Air Force as "Station 357 (DX)" until the end of the war.

A few weeks after the departure of the 78th Fighter Group on the 1st December 1945, Duxford was returned to the RAF. For the next sixteen years, it remained an RAF Fighter Command station, although it was closed for two years from October 1949 to have a single concrete runway laid. This, together with a new perimeter track and

5 apron allowed for the better handling of jet aircraft, with which Fighter Command was re-equipping.

Duxford reopened in August 1951 and in 1957, 64 Squadron operated Gloster Javelins and 65 Squadron flew Hawker Hunters. These were the last two operational squadrons to fly from the airfield. Duxford was deemed too far south and inland to be strategically important for the costly improvements required for modern supersonic fighters, to be justified. In July 1961 the last operational RAF flight was made from Duxford by a Gloster Javelin FAW.7.

On 1st August 1961, a Gloster Meteor NF.14 made the last take off from the runway before Duxford closed as an RAF airfield and was abandoned. In the intervening years the Imperial War Museum had been looking for a suitable site for the storage, restoration and eventual display of exhibits too large for its headquarters in London. It obtained permission to use Duxford Airfield for this purpose. Cambridgeshire County Council together with the IWM and the Duxford Aviation Society bought the runway to give the abandoned airfield a new lease of life in 1977. The main runway was shortened from 6,000 ft (1,829 m) by about 1,200 ft (366 m), due to the construction of the M11 motorway in 1977, which passes along the eastern edge of the airfield. In October 2008, an agreement was reached between Cambridgeshire County Council and the IWM, under which the runways and 146 acres of surrounding grassland would be sold to the museum.

Today, RAF Duxford is owned by the Imperial War Museum (IWM) and is the site of the American Air Museum. It also houses The Fighter Collection and the Historic Aircraft Collection, two private operators of airworthy vintage military aircraft.

4. Methodology

Metal Detector Survey The metal detecting survey was undertaken by a group of six detectorists, all of whom have a specific interest in WW2 sites and used their own detecting equipment.

When a find was prospected, the detectorists bagged and flagged the locations, before recommencing their search. A dedicated team followed behind, recording the location of the find, recovering and issuing unique findspot numbers written on the bags and an accompanying label. A Leica Viva GS08+ Smart Rover RTK GLONASS/GPS, allowing an accuracy of +/- 0.03m (where signal allowed), was used to record the location of each discovery. Data were converted to National Grid Transformation OSTN15. The presence of the overlying tree canopy reduced the overall accuracy of the GPS in some locations to around 0.50m. Multiple finds located within a 1m radius of each other were recorded using the same findspot number. Small find numbers were allocated to each individual find, during post-survey processing.

Test Pitting Exercise

Two test pits were excavated where finds of high concentration and interest by the detectorists were recovered, one at each dump site. They were both dug to retrieve contextual information, placing the finds within their setting whilst gathering greater evidence regarding their deposition.

Both test pits were hand excavated using shovels and trowels down to natural drift geology. Proforma context sheets were completed and plans and sections were drawn of the features (Fig. 4) and appropriate digital photographs were taken. Test pit locations were accurately plotted with the GPS, levels were also taken of the sections. All finds recovered from the test pits were bagged and tagged using unique corresponding context numbers.

5. Results and discussion

Metal Detector Survey The metal detector survey was undertaken over wide areas on both dump sites, with the majority of detected finds being recovered from the large rubbish dump mounds. This extant dump material was further examined using two test pits, one at each dump site. Metal detectors were used to prospect for further finds present in the spoil removed from the test pits.

Test Pit Exercise Two test pits were excavated and recorded, one at each dump site.

Dump Site 1, Test Pit 1 (Figures 2 and 4) This test pit measured 2.93 x 3.00m x 1.24m deep, excavated through a large rubbish pit. At the top of the stratigraphic sequence was rubbish backfill 1000, a light orange grey, loose sandy silt, with frequent root inclusions. It was present to a depth below ground of 1.24m. At the base of the sequence was natural drift geology (1001), comprising mid yellow orange, sandy silt with moderate rounded flint gravel inclusions.

Dump Site 2, Test Pit 1 (Figures 3 and 4) This test pit was slightly smaller in size, measuring 2.06 x 2.01m, it was excavated through the edge of the mound material 1000, which comprised mid orange brown, compact silt with occasional gravel stones, present to a depth below ground of 0.34m. Underneath this lay natural drift geology 1001, which was mid orange yellow, compact silty sand with occasional rounded and angular gravel inclusions.

The finds – description and discussion

Stephen Taylor

Dump Site 1, Test Pit 1

Dump Site 1, Test Pit 1, produced a very large volume of finds, the majority of which were domestic in nature with little in the way of military ordnance. Two .303 cartridge cases were recovered (SF 23), which indicate military use, but this is by no means definitive. The pit did produce plenty of relics attributable to the Royal Air Force (RAF), including complete NAAFI mugs (SF 57) along with numerous sherds of both NAAFI and RAF crockery (SF 58 & 63) confirming that the dump contains refuse from the personnel based at RAF Duxford. Markings present on these finds clearly date the pit to the WW2 era. Several RAF belt buckles were also recovered (SF 95); along with gaskets from a Merlin engine, that went between the exhaust manifold and engine block (SF 16).

8 One dessert spoon was recovered from the area around the test pit, (SF 99), which had a number stamped on the handle. This number corresponded to an RAF service number for a member of the RAF, WO Gilbert Dawe, a test pilot. Further investigation into the service history for Gilbert Dawe showed that he had been a member of No. 6 Maintenance Unit before transferring to serve as a test pilot for both newly manufactured, and aircraft repaired after receiving battle damage. He received an Air Force Cross, (for gallantry not in the face of the enemy) and was responsible for the ferrying of a large number of aircraft to RAF Duxford. A single pocket watch (SF 101) was further recovered from the test pit backfill, it was sent away to be 3D scanned but unfortunately did not contain any engraving to reveal the owner.

Dump Site 2, Test Pit 1

Dump Site 2, Test Pit 1, produced little in the way of artefacts that could be definitively attributed to the RAF or WW2. However, two finds in particular did indicate that the area was used by the RAF, with a Lee-Enfield rifle oil bottle, (SF 76) and an Elsan toilet seat (SF 100), being recovered. The Elsan toilet seat may be linked to the RAF, as this type of toilet were installed in all four-engine bombers in service with the RAF.

6. Conclusion

Dump Site 1 is likely to have been used as a landfill area for material disposed of by military personnel occupying the airbase in WW2. Pottery, cutlery and other domestic refuse from the RAF base has been recovered that can be directly attributed to WW2.

Dump Site 2, is located very close to the edge of the former airfield and c.4km to the southwest of Dump Site 1. The finds material recovered from this area was present in lower concentrations than Dump Site 1 and proved more difficult to link with the RAF. However, the recovery of a WW2 era Lee-Enfield oil bottle and Elsan toilet seat, may indicate that Dump Site 2 was also used as a rubbish tip for the RAF during the war.

The spoon belonging to WO Gilbert Dawe, (SF 99) was returned to his sons by the production company.

7. Archive deposition

The paper and digital archive will be kept at the SACIC office in Needham Market, before deposition in the Cambridge Historic Environment Record.

8. Acknowledgements

Test pitting and metal detector fieldwork was directed by Tim Schofield and Mark Sommers, the team of detectorists was led by Stephen Taylor and comprised Richard Jordan, Elaine Jordan, Martin Dewick, David Bullock and Matthew Sabourn. Project management was undertaken by Rhodri Gardner.

9. Bibliography

Brown, N., and Glazebrook, J, (eds), 2000, Research and Archaeology: A Framework for the Eastern Counties, 2. Research Agenda and Strategy. East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Paper No. 8. Historic England, 2015, Management of Research in the Historic Environment (MoRPHE). Gurney, D., 2003, Standards for Field Archaeology in the East of England. East Anglian Archaeology Occasional Paper No 14. Medlycott, M. (Ed)., 2011, Research and Archaeology Revisited: A revised framework for the East of England. EAA Occasional Paper 24.

Websites British Geological Survey, 2018, http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html

Figure 2. Duxford, Dump Site 1 – Test Pit 1 12

Figure 3. Duxford, Dump Site 2 – Test Pit 2 and metal detector findspots 14

Dump Site 1

S.1

NE S.1 SW 33.06

1000

Dump Site 2

SW S.1 NE 33.54

1000

Figure 4. Plans and Sections, Dump Sites 1 and 2

Appendix 1. Finds from Duxford

Small Material Find Spot Find Spot Description NGR finds No. No. 1 DU2 001 Misc. item 544739, 245073 2 DU2 002 Enamel plate and ?clock mechanism 544736, 245071 3 DU2 003 ?clock mechanism 544728, 245058 4 DU2 004 Enamel bowl 544730, 245057 5 DU2 005 Stirrup pump footrest 544726, 245065 6 DU2 006 Cast iron ?stove cover and small electrical coil 544735, 245061 7 DU2 007 Copper sheathed copper cable 544717, 245082 8 DU2 008 Two flanged discs, one with holes, and an ?electrical component 544743, 245080 9 DU2 009 Enamel bowl 544743, 245084 10 DU2 010 Bicycle bell and perforated disc 544743, 245092 11 DU2 011 Misc. - ?bronze housing enclosing a ?roller 544744, 245091 12 DU2 012 Enamel dish 544739, 245055 13 DU2 013 Tea ration tin 544725, 245070 14 DU2 014 Copper Alloy Coin. Penny 544726, 245069 15 Leather DU1 Fragment 548335, 247097 Topsoil 16 Copper Alloy & DU1 Fitting. Asbestos sandwiched between two layers of copper alloy (Merlin engine 548335, 247097 Asbestos Topsoil exhaust gaskets) 17 Alloy DU1 Baking trays (x2) 548335, 247097 Topsoil 18 Iron DU1 Iron padlocks (x2) 548335, 247097 Topsoil 19 Copper Alloy DU1 Webbing buckle 548335, 247097 Topsoil 20 Plastic DU1 Container ‘Ever Ready’ Safety razor 548335, 247097 Topsoil 21 Iron, Alloy DU1 Misc. machine parts 548335, 247097 Topsoil

Small Material Find Spot Find Spot Description NGR finds No. No. 22 Metal DU1 Harmonica reed 548335, 247097 Topsoil 23 Alloy DU1 Cartridge cases (x2) .303. Headstamp illegible 548335, 247097 Topsoil 24 Alloy DU1 Flare Cartridges 548335, 247097 Topsoil 25 Alloy DU1 Razor and razor cap 548335, 247097 Topsoil 26 Iron DU1 Shears 548335, 247097 Topsoil 27 Plastic DU1 Darts trophy ‘DARTS R/UP 1992 J. OUTLAW 548335, 247097 Topsoil 28 Alloy DU1 Sheets (x6) One bears inscription ‘V.W.3 SEX 33 B – 5 CONTRACT N2 708965 26 548335, 247097 Topsoil CTTS CAN NO [XX] 29 Alloy DU1 Canister ‘AMS MADE IN ENGLAND’ 548335, 247097 Topsoil 30 Alloy DU1 Lighter Fluid canister. ‘SILVER MATCH STANDARD SIZE AUTOFILL REFILL LIGHTER 548335, 247097 Topsoil ONLY WHEN UNABLE TO GET FLAME… TO FILL REMOVE FUEL CAP SCREW AUTOFILL DOWNWARDS TO FULLEST EXTENT RETAIN IN THE POSITION DURING THE ENTIRE FILLING OPERATION. HOLD AUTOFILL ONLY IN THE PALM OF THE HAND FOR 2-3 MINUTES TO ENSURE IT IS WARMER THAN THE LIGHTER THEN REMOVE AND REPLACE CAP. MADE IN ENGLAND’ 31 Alloy/plastic DU1 Shaving cream tubes (x2). ‘Brushless Shaving Cream’ and ‘Shavex’ Both have 548335, 247097 Topsoil instructions printed but are difficult to read 32 Alloy DU1 Containers (x6). 4 with either no or illegible inscription. 1 ‘100 Saccharin tablets, full 548335, 247097 Topsoil strength BOOTS’. 1 ‘THE NEW ALUMINIUM CONTAINER EASY OPEN, ALWAYS KIPPERED HERRING A DELICACY, SERVE HOT PACKED IN NORWAY WHEN FRIED, TO HEAT PLACE CONTAINER IN BOILING WATER FOR 5 MINUTES’ 33 Ceramic DU1 Cups (x2) and Mug 548335, 247097 Topsoil 34 Ceramic DU1 Containers (x4), 3 with lids 548335, 247097 Topsoil

Small Material Find Spot Find Spot Description NGR finds No. No. 35 Ceramic DU1 Plates and terrine tops 548335, 247097 Topsoil 36 Glass DU1 Glass containers x 4. 2 blank, 1 “Cambridge Lemonade”, 1 “OXO” 548335, 247097 Topsoil 37 Glass DU1 Glass containers x 5. Small perfume/medicine bottles 548335, 247097 Topsoil 38 Glass DU1 Marmite jar, Kruschen jar 548335, 247097 Topsoil 39 Glass DU1 Tall rectangular bottles. ‘O.K’, ‘Keybells Derby’, ‘California fig syrup’ 548335, 247097 Topsoil 40 Glass DU1 ½ of eye glasses 548335, 247097 Topsoil 41 Glass DU1 Containers x 3. 2 Brylcream, 1 glass container with stopper 548335, 247097 Topsoil 42 Glass DU1 Large glass bottle, “Crampton’s Ltd Newmarket” 548335, 247097 Topsoil 43 Glass DU1 TP1 Small glass containers x 7. Includes 1 Brylcream, 2 PECKS, 1 Shippams 548332, 247105 44 Glass DU1 TP1 Glass bottles x 3. “Chivers & Sons Ltd”, “Amami Wave Set”, “Honey and almond 548332, 247105 cream” 45 Glass DU1 TP1 Large glass bottles x 5. 2 Brylcream, 2 Fig Syrup (California), 1 “Scott’s emulsion” 548332, 247105 46 Glass DU1 TP1 Certo bottle, misshapen, “Pour ½ bottle to here” 548332, 247105 47 Iron DU1 TP1 Cast Iron Clothes Iron 548332, 247105 48 Glass DU1 TP1 Small glass bottles x 2. Perfume jars? 548332, 247105 49 Tin alloy DU1 TP1 Tin tops x 4. 3 “Gill’s dentifuse”, 1 “Product Food” 548332, 247105 50 Ceramic DU1 TP1 2 lids, both “Pan” “Yan” 548332, 247105 51 Glass/rubber DU1 TP1 Glass container, writing on base illegible, with rubber lid “Bensk’n’s Watford” 548332, 247105 52 Glass DU1 TP1 Glass tube 548332, 247105 53 Copper & Asbestos DU1 TP1 Merlin engine exhaust gaskets 548332, 247105 54 DU1 TP1 Misc. 548332, 247105 55 Glass DU1 TP1 Water’s CO trademark with dog, Sawston aerated bottle, complete with marble 548332, 247105 inside

Small Material Find Spot Find Spot Description NGR finds No. No. 56 Glass DU1 TP1 Glass containers x 4, 2 4oz Bovril, 2 Marmite 548332, 247105 57 Ceramic DU1 TP1 Complete N.A.A.F.I cup 548332, 247105 58 Ceramic DU1 TP1 R.A.F cup sherds x 2, N.A.A.F.I cup sherd x 1 548332, 247105 59 Glass DU1 TP1 Holder, bottle and bottle with intact stopper 548332, 247105 60 Metal DU1 TP1 Belt buckle x 1, ?shoe buckle x 1 548332, 247105 61 Ceramic DU1 TP1 Clay tobacco pipe bowl 548332, 247105 62 Ceramic DU1 TP1 Ceramic holder with handle 548332, 247105 63 Ceramic DU1 TP1 R.A.F plate sherds x 8, N.A.A.F.I plate sherds x 2 548332, 247105 64 Metal DU1 TP1 1936 Penny 548332, 247105 65 Iron DU1 TP1 Padlock 548332, 247105 66 Iron DU1 TP1 Metal handle, pinned in? 548332, 247105 67 Copper Alloy DU1 TP1 Ash tray with images 548332, 247105 68 Alloy DU1 TP1 Single small cup with blue enamel 548332, 247105 69 Iron DU1 TP1 Lamp lighting, perhaps oil? 548332, 247105 80 Metal/plastic DU1 TP1 Bullet-shaped plastic casing 548332, 247105 71 Iron DU1 TP1 Misc. Iron ring 548332, 247105 72 Glass DU2 TP1 “Cambridge co-operative, society sterilised milk” 544738, 245076 73 Glass DU2 TP1 Glass containers x 3. 1 Pecks, 1 Shippam’s 544738, 245076 74 Ceramic DU2 TP1 Pot jar 544738, 245076 75 Copper alloy DU2 TP1 ?Pin with light blue decoration/weathering 544738, 245076 76 Plastic DU2 TP1 Lee-Enfield oil bottle. 544738, 245076 77 Alloy DU2 TP1 Door handles x 4, different sizes 544738, 245076 78 Alloy DU2 TP1 White original cups x 3, identical 544738, 245076 79 Aluminium DU2 TP1 Toothpaste/shaving cream tube 544738, 245076 80 Iron DU2 TP1 Iron caster/wheels, mechanism x 2 544738, 245076 81 Alloy DU2 TP1 Misc. metal pieces x 5 544738, 245076 82 Iron DU2 TP1 Belt buckle 544738, 245076 83 Alloy DU2 TP1 Pipe top, from a basin 544738, 245076 84 Alloy DU2 TP1 Cap for oil tank or top of engine pipe? 544738, 245076 85 Alloy DU2 TP1 Small cog for mechanism 544738, 245076

Small Material Find Spot Find Spot Description NGR finds No. No. 86 Alloy DU2 TP1 Metal pulley parts x 3 544738, 245076 87 Alloy DU2 TP1 Pullies from mechanism x 3 544738, 245076 88 Copper Alloy DU2 TP1 Flat shard 544738, 245076 89 Alloy DU2 TP1 Object with screw fitting 544738, 245076 90 Leather DU2 TP1 Small round strap 544738, 245076 91 Iron DU2 TP1 Large lock, re-enforced 544738, 245076 92 Glass DU1 TP1 Small light bulbs x 2 548332, 247105 93 Alloy DU1 TP1 .303 cartridge case 548332, 247105 94 Slag DU1 TP1 Slag 548332, 247105 95 Alloy DU1 TP1 RAF Belt buckles x 5 548332, 247105 96 Iron DU1 TP1 Knife and handle 548332, 247105 97 Iron DU1 TP1 Padlocks x 2 548332, 247105 98 Aluminium DU1 TP1 Plane part 548332, 247105 99 Iron, Alloy DU1 TP1 Broken spoon heads x 3, complete spoons x 6, all NAAFI except one which was 548332, 247105 stamped with a six-digit number 564602 – owned by WO Gilbert Dawe. 100 DU2 TP1 ‘Elsan’ toilet seat 544738, 245076 101 Alloy DU1 Pocket watch, unmarked, 3D scanned. 548335, 247097 Topsoil

Appendix 2. OASIS form OASIS DATA COLLECTION FORM: England

Printable version

OASIS ID: suffolka1-323354

Project details Project name Duxford Airfield, Duxford, Cambridgeshire, Magnetometer Scanning, Metal Detector Survey and Test Pit Report Short description On the 18th and 19th June 2017, Suffolk Archaeology Community Interest Company of the project (SACIC) undertook a magnetometer scanning survey, metal detector survey and test pitting exercise on two separate suspected rubbish dump sites near Duxford Airfield, Duxford, Cambridgeshire. The aim of the project was to prospect, record and recover finds relating to the WW2 airfield used by both the RAF and USAAF. Dump Site 1 was located to the east of the airfield, Dump Site 2 was situated on private land at the end of the runway to the west. Magnetometer scanning help to define the extent of the dump pits and the test pitting exercise determined the depth of deposits. The metal detector survey was undertaken over the entire extent of the two areas and returned some WW2 finds relating to the RAF. Project dates Start: 18-06-2017 End: 19-06-2017 Previous/future No / No work Type of project Research project Site status None Current Land use Vacant Land 3 - Despoiled land (contaminated derelict and ?brownfield? sites) Current Land use Other 5 - Garden Monument type WW2 RUBBISH DUMP Modern Monument type WW2 RUBBISH DUMP Modern Significant Finds POCKET WATCH Modern Significant Finds SPOONS Modern Significant Finds POTTERY Modern Significant Finds IRONS Modern Significant Finds BELT BUCKLES Modern Significant Finds MERLIN ENGINE GASKETS Modern Significant Finds LEE-ENFIELD RIFLE OIL BOTTLE Modern Significant Finds ELSAN TOILET SEAT Modern

Project location Country England Site location CAMBRIDGESHIRE SOUTH CAMBRIDGESHIRE DUXFORD Duxford Airfield, Duxford, Cambridgeshire Study area 0.5 Hectares Site coordinates TL 4830 4710 52.101888244188 0.165471221095 52 06 06 N 000 09 55 E Point Site coordinates TL 4470 4510 52.084873281282 0.11209409229 52 05 05 N 000 06 43 E Point Height OD / Depth Min: 29m Max: 36m

Project creators Name of Suffolk Archaeology CIC Organisation Project brief Not applicable - not under planning jurisdiction originator Project design Mark Sommers and Stephen Taylor originator Project Rhodri Gardner director/manager Project supervisor Timothy Schofield Project supervisor Mark Sommers Type of Client sponsor/funding body Name of Emporium Productions sponsor/funding body

Project archives Paper Archive Cambridgeshire HER recipient Paper Media ''Unpublished Text'' available

Project bibliography 1 Grey literature (unpublished document/manuscript) Publication type Title 'World War 2 Treasure Hunters' TV Series Duxford Airfield Duxford, Cambridgeshire Author(s)/Editor(s) Schofield, T. P. Author(s)/Editor(s) Sommers, M. Author(s)/Editor(s) Taylor, S. Other 2017/117 bibliographic details Date 2018 Issuer or Suffolk Archaeology CIC publisher Place of issue or Needham Market publication Description A4 bound report with A4 figures. URL http://www.suffolkarchaeology.co.uk

Entered by Tim Schofield ([email protected]) Entered on 24 July 2018

[email protected] 01449 900120