The History of the

RCIA - February 18, 2020 Table Sharing

What are some of the good things the Catholic Church has been known for over the past 2,000 years of human history? What are some bad things the Church has been known for over the same period of time? Who would you say are the top five, best known Catholic – and why are they so well known? The Good, The Bad, And The Holy, Church Foundation

• of Nazareth b. 4-6 B.C. to 31-36 A.D. • Jesus was a practicing Jew • No formal church organization established by Jesus (but Baptism and instituted) • Peter the Rock (Matt 16:18-19)

• Great Commission (Matt 28:19-20)

Early Church about 36 – 313 AD “The Good”

Evangelization of Apostle Paul

“The Bad” – Persecutors of the Church Christian Martyrs “The Blood of the martyrs is the seed of the church” – , 197 A.D. “The Holy” Martyrs of the 1st Century Stephen stoned c. 34 A.D. James beheaded in 44 A.D. Matthew killed with a halberd in 60 A.D. James the Just beaten to death with a club Saint Mark dragged in the streets until death Saint Bartholomew flayed alive and crucified Thomas killed by a spear in India in AD 72 Luke hanged John not martyred--lived long life – exiled on Isle of Patmos The New “Institutional” Church 313 -1000 AD New Capital of Roman Empire The “Good” - Evangelization of Europe The “Bad” The death of Charlemagne The fall of the The Dark Ages The “Holy” St. Benedict Early (11th-12th c.) The “Good” – The

Henry IV penitent before Gregory VII The “Bad” - The Great Schism 1054 Bread - The Pope – Constantinople – Easter - Language The “Good” (extended cut) Movement toward Reconciliation The “Holy” St. Bernard of Clairveaux

Whole Group Sharing

What is most impressive about the first thousand years of Church history?

What is something new you learned about our family history? (Good, bad or holy)

Do you see evidence of Jesus promise of the Holy Spirit’s presence? Middle Ages: The Era of the 1095-1272 The “Good”

• Took control of Jerusalem away from Muslims • The desire to defend the from the Turks. • The possibility of opening up new trade routes to Middle East. • The chance to travel and make money • Plenary indulgence /Martyrdom The “Bad” Jerusalem Conquered in 1099 (1st Crusade) • Great suffering and hardship • Great violence against Muslims and Jews • set up for defense Jerusalem lost to Saladin in 1187 4th Crusade (1202-1204) • Attempts to restore deposed emperor • Results in sack of Constantinople More crusades until end of 15th century. The “Holy” - St. 1181-1226

• Poverty and Simplicity • Preaching repentance and ministering to the poor • Love and respect for nature • All are created by God— we are all brothers and sisters • Outreach to other faiths The “Holy” St. Dominic 1170-1221

• Combat heresy with well- educated priests • Dominican order (O.P.) founded in 1216 • Associated with • Our Lady gives him the Rosary to aid him More “Good” The Gothic Cathedral

Cathedral of Chartres Rose Window at Chartres More “Good” Illuminated Manuscripts More “Good” The Rise of Universities by 12th c.

• Paris, Oxford, Bologna, etc.

• Emphasis on educated clergy

• Need to refute heresies

• New interest in logic

• translated into

• Muslim commentaries Oxford More “Bad”… The Inquisition Worst years during the 13th and 14th centuries And Still More “Holy” Mystics of 12th - 14th Centuries

Meister Eckhart

Catherine of Siena

Teresa of Avila The Church in the Renaissance 14th -15th Centuries

Venice… not just a city The “Good” - Renaissance Art Sistine Chapel frescoes and the Pietà - both by Michelangelo The “Bad” - Avignon Papacy & Great Schism The “Holy” Jesuits

• of Jesus founded in 1540 • Discipline; Four vows • Promotion of Catholicism • Missionary zeal • Huge impact on Church • Educational Rigor • Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola still widely used

St. Ignatius of Loyola 1491-1556 The Reformation Era 15th – 16th Centuries

Issue Catholic Protestant

By grace alone through faith and Through faith alone Salvation works

Sacraments Important (seven) De-emphasized (often two)

Eucharist Transubstantiation Mostly symbolic

Scripture, tradition and God speaks via: Scripture alone magisterium of Church

Priesthood Distinct priestly role All are priests

Marian devotion Mary and saints are Mary & Saints Intercession Martinof Saints Luther de-emphasized or avoided 1483-1586 Before (Catholic) After (Protestant) The “Good” The Counter-Reformation

Council of Trent: 1545-1563 The Bad: “The Great Scandal of Christianity” Europe after 1600 The “Holy”

Sir Thomas Frances de Sales More (1478-1535) (1567-1622) The Age of Enlightenment - Modernism 17th-19th Centuries The “Good” - Diminishing of wars between Catholics and Protestants & Evangelization of new worlds

Franciscans arrived in San Diego on July 1, 1769 The “Bad” – The Church “circles the wagons”

Galileo on trial: 1633 The “Holy”

St. Margaret Mary St. Junipero Serra St. John Neumann Alocoque 1713-1784 1811-1860 1647-1690 Pius IX and

Pope Pius IX Served 1846 - 1878 Leo XIII and the Modern World

Rerum Novarum (Of New Things)

Pope Leo XIII Served from 1878 - 1903 The Church in the 20th Century

The “Good” – Vatican II The “Bad” The Sexual Abuse Scandal The “Holy”

St. Maximilian Oscar Romero St. Teresa of Kolbe 1894-1941 1917-1980 Calcutta 1910-1997