Southwestern Association of Naturalists

A Floristic Analysis and Checklist for the Northern Santa Rita Mountains, Pima Co., Author(s): Steven P. McLaughlin and Janice E. Bowers Source: The Southwestern Naturalist, Vol. 35, No. 1 (Mar., 1990), pp. 61-75 Published by: Southwestern Association of Naturalists Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3671986 . Accessed: 13/06/2013 16:18

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This content downloaded from 166.3.31.186 on Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:18:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions THE SOUTHWESTERNNATURALIST 35(1):61-75 MARCH 1990

A FLORISTIC ANALYSIS AND CHECKLIST FOR THE NORTHERN SANTA RITA MOUNTAINS, PIMA CO., ARIZONA

STEVENP. MCLAUGHLINAND JANICE E. BOWERS

Officeof Arid Lands Studies, University ofArizona, 845 NorthPark Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719 3949East Paseo Dorado, Tucson, AZ 85711

ABSTRACT-Thenorthern Santa Rita Mountains,a chainof low peaksrising to nearly1,900 m, aresituated northeast of the main body of the range, which extends nearly 1,000 m higherin elevation. The studyarea covered260 km2,ranged from 1,006 to 1,918m, and had a floraconsisting of 628 nativespecies of vascular . Floristic affinities were examined using an indirectQ-mode analysis of thedistributions of thespecies in local florasfrom throughout the western . In the northernSanta Ritasflora, species with widespread distributions in thewestern United States have affinitieswith the Sonoran and ColoradoPlateau floristic elements; those with more narrow distri- butionsare alliedprimarily with the Apachian and Chihuahuanfloristic elements.

Phytogeographershave long recognized that nationof the similaritymatrix by factoranalysis, species can be groupedon the basis of sim- and plottingthe rotatedfactors in the formof ilaritiesamong their geographic distributions. One contourmaps. In the presentstudy, we extend of the principalobjectives of floristicanalysis is the analysisof McLaughlin (1989) to defineflo- theidentification and classificationof such groups, ristic elements for a new local flora from the termed floristicelements (Weber, 1965; Stott, Apachian floristicarea of southeasternArizona. 1981), and theircorresponding floristic areas. In The objectivesof this paper are to: 1) presenta the traditionalsense, floristic areas correspondto checklistof the flora of the northern,outlying clustersor centersof roughlycoincident species' sectionof the Santa Rita Mountains; 2) assign ranges. Phytogeographersdelimit such clusters species in the flora to floristicelements; 3) de- based on patternsof overlappingdistributions; scribethe compositionof the florain termsof its thesepatterns are due to similaritiesamong species floristicelements; and 4) providea moredetailed in their ecological tolerances,evolutionary his- descriptionof the Apachian floristicelement. tories,migrational barriers, or a combinationof these.Floristic phytogeography does notmaintain MATERIALSAND METHODS-Study Area-The San- thatmembers of a floristicelement show identical ta Rita Mountainswere located in southeasternAri- it thatmore geographicranges; rather, recognizes zona in Pima and SantaCruz counties(Fig. 1) about or less coincidentpatterns in rangesof species do 50 kmsoutheast of Tucson.The mainsection of the exist and seeks to definesuch patternsand, ul- mountainrange was a roughlycircular mass rising to timately,explain theirorigin. a peak of 2,883 m at Mt. Wrightson.Northeast of, Using databases derived from local floras, and somewhatseparated from, this main section was McLaughlin (1986, 1989) identifiedseven flo- a north-south-trendingridgewith several points reach- risticareas for the intermountainsouthwestern ingan elevationof 1,890 m; the study area encompassed United States and 12 forthe United States west thisoutlying section. The area was bounded Sahuarita of the Great Plains. These defined study (Fig. 1) by analyses flo- Road on the Arizona 83 on the ristic elements their areal distri- north,by Hwy. east, indirectlyby by Box Canyonon thesouth, and by theSanta Rita ratherthan their com- bution, directlyby species ExperimentalRange on the west. Its areal extent involved of a position. Analyses compilation was approximately260 km2; elevations ranged from presence-absencedata matrix, calculation of a 1,006 m to 1,918 m and were mostlybetween 1,200 matrixof similaritiesbetween local floras,ordi- and 1,700 m.

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SahuaritaRoad STUDYBOUNDARYAREA ARIZONA

STUDY AREA 100 km

Tucson 10km FIMT FAGIN : m1887 m 88 83

x MT. FAGIN . 1887m k :". Helvetia(site)

MTH S MT.HOPIN RIGHTSONSonoita ~R.. 2618 m : " .,(site) ." '

Patagonia 027 * . Q +:- N Nogales ti ?17-1\\co , 0 - In 5kmt

FIG. 1--Location and principal geographicfeatures of studyarea in southernArizona.

Vegetationof the study area included desertgrass- lower elevations.Cretaceous conglomerates,siltstones, lands, oak woodlands, and evergreenshrublands. We and sandstoneswere foundat higherelevations east of selectedthis site to provide an extensivearea at mid- the central ridge; Precambrian granodioriteand Pa- elevationswhere thesecommunities would be bestrep- leocene graniticrocks occurred to the west of the ridge resented. Desert communitiesoccurred at elevations (Drewes, 1971). The crestof the ridge consisted mainly lower than the studyarea in the nearbyTucson Basin; of Cambrian quartzite.Extensive outcrops of Tertiary coniferforests were well developed above 2,100 m in limestoneseast and west of the ridge supported an the main mass of the Santa Rita Mountains to the evergreen-shrubcommunity on mesicsites and a grass- southwest. land with numerousstem and succulentson more Precipitationaveraged between 400 and 450 mm/ xeric sites. year, more than half of which fell duringthe summer Plant Collection-John J. Thornber collected spo- rainy season fromJuly to early October. April, May, radicallyaround Rosemont,a now-abandonedmining and June were the driest months. Average monthly town (Fig. 1), in the early part of this century.Oth- temperaturesvaried fromJanuary minima of -6' to erwise, the study area received little attentionfrom 20C to June maxima of 31* to 35*C, depending on plant collectorsuntil 1975 and 1976 (R. Davis and J. elevation,aspect, and exposure. R. Callahan, in litt.). We made additional collections The most widespread geological substrateson the fromall parts of the studyarea during 1986 and 1987 study area were the Quaternary alluvial gravels at and locateda few additionalrecords, particularly from

This content downloaded from 166.3.31.186 on Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:18:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions March1990 McLaughlinand Bowers-Floraof northern Santa Rita Mountains 63

TABLE 1-Floristic elementsin the floraof the northernSanta Rita Mountains. Values are the percentages of species within a column assigned to each of 12 floristicelements defined in McLaughlin (1989). Species assignedto a combinationof two elementswere tabulatedas 0.5 specieson each elementin calculatingpercentages.

Widespread Intermediate Narrow All species species species Element species (>19 floras) (9-19 floras) (<9 floras) Sonoran 18.3 41.5 22.1 4.9 Colorado Plateau 7.6 26.9 5.9 0 Great Basin 1.0 4.6 0.2 0 Sierra 0.3 1.5 0 0 Rocky Mountain 0.2 0.8 0 0 Chihuahuan 25.2 6.1 31.5 29.1 Apachian 42.6 7.7 33.8 65.1 SouthernRocky Mountain-Mogollon 2.1 3.8 3.1 0.5 Peninsular 1.9 3.8 3.1 0.2 CismontaneCalifornia 0.9 3.1 0.5 0.2 Vancouverian 0 0 0 0 Columbia Plateau 0 0 0 0 Total numberof species 628 130 213 285 the Box Canyon area, in the Universityof Arizona ments,means that the distribution ofthe species within Herbarium. thewestern United States is centeredabout that cor- Data Analysis--McLaughlin (1989) definedfloristic respondingfloristic area or combination offloristic areas. areas forthe westernUnited States by applyingfactor Specieswere furthercategorized as havingwide- analysis to the distributionsof > 5,000 species of vas- spread,intermediate, or narrow ranges based on their cular plants in 96 local floras.The uses of factoranal- frequencieswithin McLaughlin's (1989) databaseof yses in biogeographyare discussedin Corvello (1981) 96 localfloras. We countedas widespreadspecies those and Pielou (1984). The raw data forsuch studiescon- occurringin 20 or morefloras, intermediate species as sist of a matrix of species (rows) in various samples thosein nineto 19 floras,and narrowspecies as those (columns). The samples in McLaughlin (1986, 1989) inzero to eight floras. We chosethese limits by dividing are local floras.A Q-mode analysis of correlationsor thetotal area underthe frequency distribution curve associations among the species (rows) would group intothree approximately equal sections.Each category species directlyinto elements;an R-mode analysis of thusincluded, on average, about one-third of the species similaritiesamong the samples (columns) would group in eachlocal flora. florasinto floristic areas or regions.For McLaughlin's therewere more (1989) database, many species(> 5,000) RESULTS-The vascularplant checklistfor the than floras(96), and the direct of the analysis species- northernSanta Rita Mountains (see Appendix by-speciesassociation matrix would not be computa- 1) includes 89 families,370 genera, 628 native tionallypossible. However, the resultsof the Q-mode and 34 introduced Genera with analysis can be approximatedby an indirectanalysis species, species. six or more include Dalea since the Q-mode and R-mode solutions are mathe- species (12 sp.), Bou- maticallyrelated (Pielou, 1984). teloua(11 sp.), Chamaesyce(11 sp.), Muhlenbergia For the present study,we assigned species to the (11 sp.), Astragalus(7 sp.), (7 sp.), As- appropriate floristicelements by computing"species clepias (6 sp.), and Ipomoea (6 sp.). elementscores" foreach species on the checklist.This The compositionof the flora in termsof its was done by multiplyingits vectorof presence-absence floristicelements is summarizedin Table 1. The values in the 96 local florasused by Mclaughlin (1989) 12 floristiccategories are from McLaughlin thematrix of rotated factor fromthe R-mode by loadings (1989). native are included in the of that Each was to the Only species analysis study. species assigned summarized Table 1. elementon which it had its score. If the second analysis in highest The floristicelements in thenorthern highestscore was within90% or more of the value of principal Santa Rita Mountains are the Chi- the highestscore, the species was assigned to a com- Apachian, bined element(e.g., Chihuahuan-Apachian,Sonoran- huahuan, and Sonoran. The Plateau, Colorado Plateau). Assignmentof a particularspecies SouthernRocky Mountain-Mogollon,Peninsu- to a particularfloristic element, or combinationof ele- lar California,and Great Basin elementsare less-

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TABLE 2-Apachian endemicsin the floraof the elementsare dominantamong species of inter- northernSanta Rita Mountains. mediate range; and only the Apachian and Chi- huahuan elementsare well-representedamong Family Species species with narrow ranges. Not surprisingly, widespread species were more likely to be as- Dicotyledoneae to a combinedelement. Amaranthaceae signed Species assigned Gomphrenacaespitosa to combined elements account for 40% of the Apocynaceae Macrosiphonia 27% of the of inter- brachysiphon widespread species, species of Brickelliabetonicaefolia mediaterange, and only 10% the species with Brickelliafloribunda narrowranges. Brickelliavenosa The firstfactors of a factor-analysissolution Hymenothrixwislizenii accountfor the highest proportion of the variance Machaerantheratagetina in the raw data set. In floristicstudies this vari- Melampodiumlongicorne ance is equivalentto similarityamong local floras, Berberidaceae Berberiswilcoxii and widespreadspecies contribute relatively more Boraginaceae Plagiobothryspringlei to the total florasthan do more Brassicaceae Draba similarityamong petrophila distributed The firstfew fac- Lepidiumthurberi narrowly species. to centersof distri- Cactaceae Opuntiaspinosior tors, therefore,correspond Convolvulaceae Evolvulusarizonicus butionof fairlywidespread species. The firstfac- Crassulaceae Graptopetalumbartrami torextracted in theanalysis of McLaughlin (1989) Sedumgrifithsii mapped as the Sonoran floristicelement. Many Euphorbiaceae Tragia laciniata widespread southwesternspecies are included Fabaceae Acacia millefolia withinthis element,and are representedin our arizonicus Astragalus studyarea by such speciesas: (ferns)Pellaea mu- Astragalusnothoxys cronata;(dicots) Acacia greggii, Allionia incarnata, thurberi Astragalus Arabis perennans,Astragalus nuttallianus, Bac- Dalea albiflora charisglutinosa, Chamaesyce albomarginata, Cryp- Marina calycosa tanthamicrantha, Hydrophyllaceae Phacelia arizonica Cryptanthapterocarya, Eriogo- num Phacelia bombycina wrightii,Gutierrezia microcephala, Lepidium Lamiaceae Hedeoma dentatum lasiocarpum,Lycium andersonii, cal- Malvaceae Gossypiumthurberi ifornica,Opuntia phaeacantha,Salix gooddingii, Polemoniaceae Ipomopsisthurberi Salvia columbariae,Senecio douglasii, Silene antir- Rutaceae Choisyaarizonica rhina;(monocots) Aristida adscensionis, Bouteloua Scrophulariaceae Cordylanthuslaxiflorus aristidoides,Dichelostemma pulchellum, Erioneu- Penstemon superbus ron pulchellum,Juncus bufonius,Muhlenbergia Monocotyledoneae porteri,Poa bigelovii,Tridens muticus, Typha do- Agavaceae Agavepalmeri mingensis,and Vulpia octoflora. Agaveschottii The majorityof speciesin the studyarea have Yucca schottii narrow and intermediateranges. Of these, ap- Yucca thornberi proximately10% belongto the Sonoran element. Cyperaceae Cyperuspringlei Unlikemany of the widespread species previously Poaceae Boutelouaeludens listed,most of these are true desertspecies that Muhlenbergiadubioides reach the easternedge of theirranges in the vi- Muhlenbergiaxerophila cinityof the northernSanta Rita Mountains. Many are winterephemerals, including: (dicots) er constituents,representing between 7.6% and Bowlesiaincana, , Calyptridium 1.0% of the flora. Only the Vancouverian and monandrumn,Camissonia californica,Camissonia Columbia Plateau elements of McLaughlin chamaenerioides,Cryptantha angustifolia, Cryptan- (1989) are not represented. tha barbigera,Cryptantha decipiens, Cryptantha Table 1 showsthat, in thenorthern Santa Rita nevadensis,Eriastrum diflusum, Eriogonum defle- Mountains, the Sonoran and Colorado Plateau xum,Eriogonum thurberi, Eucrypta micrantha, Li- elementsappear to dominateamong widespread nanthusaureus, Linanthus bigelovii, Lupinus spar- species; Apachian, Chihuahuan, and Sonoran siflorus,Nemacladus glanduliferus,Pectocarya

This content downloaded from 166.3.31.186 on Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:18:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions March 1990 McLaughlin and Bowers-Flora of northernSanta Rita Mountains 65 platycarpa,Pectocarya recurvata, Phacelia affinis, for the more distant Mule Mountains. These Phacelia coerulea,Plagiobothrys arizonicus, and species may occur on a varietyof substratesin Thysanocarpuselegans. the Chihuahuan Desert but,to the west,seem to Widespread species of the Colorado Plateau occur mostcommonly on limestoneor othercal- element,the second factorextracted in the anal- careous soils. Included here are: (ferns) Notho- ysis, are mostlycool-desert and pinyon-juniper laena sinuata; (dicots) Asclepiasnummularia, Ba- woodland species distributedthroughout the In- hia absinthifolia,Castilleja sessiliflora,Castilleja termountainregion (Colorado Plateau, Great Ba- lanata, Crotonpottsii, Dalea brachystachys,Dalea sin,and Columbia Plateau) ofthe western United formosa,Dalea nana, Dalea wrightii,Dyssodia ace- States. Such species in the northernSanta Ritas rosa, Dyssodia pentachaeta,Gymnosperma gluti- flora include: (dicots) Artemisialudoviciana, As- nosum,Hedyotis rubra, Iva ambrosiaefolia,Les- clepias asperula, Cercocarpusmontanus, Clematis querella purpurea,Linum puberulum,Mortonia ligusticifolia,Cowania mexicana,Echinocereus tri- sempervirens,Parthenium incanum, Pectis prostra- glochidiatus,Gutierrezia sarothrae, Hymenopappus ta, Penstemon dasyphyllus,Quercus pungens, filifolius,Lappula redowskii,Leucelene ericoides, Schkuhriawislizenii, Rhus virens,Tetraclea coul- Lithospermumincisum, Mirabilis linearis,Oeno- teri, Thelespermalongipes, Zinnia acerosa; and thera caespitosa,Rhus trilobata,Solidago sparsi- (monocots)Bouteloua eriopoda. flora, Toxicodendronradicans; (monocots) Boute- Because the northernSanta Rita Mountains loua gracilisand Poa fendleriana. are located in the Apachian floristic area Species of the Colorado Plateau elementwith (McLaughlin, 1986, 1989), it is not surprising narrowerdistributions are centeredon the Col- thatthe Apachian elementis the mostimportant orado Plateau per se and may extendinto one or one in the flora.Of the nearly 500 species with more adjacent floristicareas. In the floraof the narrowor intermediateranges, over half are as- northernSanta Rita Mountains such species in- signed to the Apachian element. McLaughlin clude: (ferns) Cheilanthesfeel; (dicots) Artemisia (1986, 1989) consideredthe Apachian floristic campestris,Astragalus mollissimus, Coryphantha area to include the sub-Mogollon sectionof cen- vivipara,Dalea candida, Delphinium scaposum, traland southeasternArizona, southwestern New Gauraparviflora, Orobanche multiflora, Mentzelia , northwesternSonora, and northeastern multiflora;and (monocots)Sphenopholis obtusata. Chihuahua. All specieswhose distributions in the The SouthernRocky Mountain-Mogollon ele- westernUnited States are centeredon this area ment is centeredin the southernRocky Moun- comprisethe Apachian floristicelement. tainsof and theMogollon highlands This elementincludes both autochthonous and ofwest-central New Mexico and east-centralAr- allochthonousspecies. Autochthonous species are izona. Species of this element occur in south- eitherendemic to or stronglycentered within the eastern Arizona mostlyat elevationsabove our area where theypresumably evolved. Allochtho- studyarea. SouthernRocky Mountain-Mogollon nous species are native taxa that presumably species in the northernSanta Ritas flora are: evolvedin anotherregion and subsequentlyspread (dicots) Bahia dissecta,Erigeron flagellaris, Lith- by naturalmeans into the area. Of the species in ospermumcobrense, Senecio neomexicanus, Thalic- the northernSanta Ritas checklist,39 appear to trumfendleri; and (monocots)Bromus frondosus. be endemicto the Apachian floristicarea (Table Several species of the Peninsular California 2). There are manymore Apachian endemicsthat elementwith narrow and intermediateranges oc- do not occur within our study area. These en- cur in the northernSanta Ritas flora.These in- demicsvery likely speciated within the Apachian clude (dicots) Astersubulatus, Gnaphalium leu- floristicarea. Another72 species distributedin cocephalum,Malacothrix clevelandii, and Sambucus the Apachian floristicarea extend intojust one mexicanus. or a few immediatelyadjacent floristicareas; it In our area, the Chihuahuan and Apachian is likelythat most of thesespecies also originated elementsare dominantamong the plants that have in the Apachian floristicarea. narrow and intermediateranges. Many of the To gain a betterunderstanding of this element, Chihuahuan species are found preferentiallyor we examinedherbarium records of all Apachian exclusivelyon limestone,as has been noted by species in the northernSanta Rita Mountains. Whittakerand Niering(1968) in thenearby San- Of thespecies distributed in theApachian floristic ta Catalina Mountainsand byWentworth (1982) area and one or more adjacent floristicareas,

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several distributionalpatterns can be described. species with floristicaffinities to the south. Ex- A small group is distributedin the Apachian ceptionsare a fewspecies that occur primarily in floristicarea and also in westernTexas and ad- theGreat Plains and easternNorth America but, jacent Mexico. Primarilyfound in grasslandand when foundin the westernUnited States,occur woodland habitats,these species include (dicots) mostlyin theApachian floristicarea. Such species Asclepias quinquedentata,Brickellia baccharidea, include: (dicots) Amorphafruticosa, Lesquerella Chamaesyceindivisa, Chamaesyce revoluta, Froe- gordoni,Parthenocissus incertus, Plantago virgini- lichia arizonica, Ipomoea barbatisepala,Isocoma ca, Polanisia dodecandra,Portulaca suffrutescens; tenuisecta,and Portulacaumbraticola. (monocots)Hexalectris spicata and Trisetumin- Anothersmall groupof species extends into the terruptum. Southern Rocky Mountain-Mogollon floristic Preciseidentification of floristic elements among area immediatelynorth and northeastof the specieswhose rangesoccur primarily south of the Apachian floristicarea. These are primarilyfor- internationalborder is not possible given cur- est specieswhose lowerelevational ranges extend rentlyavailable data. The southernspecies ap- into the oak woodlands:(dicots) Galiumwrightii, pear to fitinto one of threepatterns. The largest Hedeomahyssopifolium, Ipomopsis multiflora, Lu- group includes species widely distributedin the pinuspalmeri,Penstemon linarioides, Thelypodiop- Sierra Madre Occidental(and oftenin the Sierra sis linearifolia;(monocots) Calochortusambiguus Madre Oriental) that reach the northernlimits and Carex geophila.Some or all of these species of theirranges in the Apachian floristicarea of would probablycluster with the SouthernRocky thewestern United States.Such Madrean species Mountain-Mogollonfloristic element if the Mo- include: (conifers)Juniperus deppeana; (dicots) gollon Rim area were better representedin Calliandrahumilis, Dalea versicolor,Mimosa biun- McLaughlin's (1989) sample of local floras. cifera,Quercus arizonica, Quercus emoryi,Zex- A group of nine species extends to the west meniapodocephala; (monocots) Dasylirion whee- and southwestinto the Sonoran Desert area of leri,Milla biflora,and Nolina microcarpa.Many the United States and northernSonora. In the of the 70 species that were assigned to a "Chi- northernSanta Ritas, thesespecies are foundpri- huahuan-Apachian"combined element also show marilyin riparianand grasslandhabitats: (dicots) strongaffinities with the Sierra Madre Occiden- Aristolochia watsoni, Asclepias nyctaginifolia, tal. Chamaesyceflorida, Cucurbita digitata, Gilia mex- The secondgroup with southernaffinities are icana, Machaerantheratephrodes, Marah gilensis, species occurringprimarily in the thorn forest Penstemonparryi, and Prosopisvelutina. and othersubtropical communities along thewest Several Apachian species have ranges extend- side ofthe Sierra Madre Occidental.These Sina- ing south into the northernSierra Madre Occi- loan species reach their northernlimits in the dental but appear to occur no furthersouth than Apachian floristicarea; they include (dicots) southernSonora and Chihuahua. These species Amoreuxiapalmatifida, Anisacanthus thurberi, Er- may have either Apachian or Sierra-Madrean ythrinaflabelliformis, Eysenhardtia orthocarpa, origins.Included in thisgroup are: (dicots) Car- Haplophytoncrooksii, Hibiscus coulteri,Manihot phochaetebigelovii, Dalea pringlei,Galactia wrigh- angustiloba,and Tephrosiatenella. tii,Heuchera sanguinea, Schistophragma interme- The thirdgroup consistsof specieswidely dis- dia, Tithoniathurberi, Trichostema arizonicum; and tributedin subtropicaland tropicalareas, mostly (monocots)Muhlenbergia longiligula. ofthe New World,but within the western United The last group among those centeredon the States foundmost often in the Apachian floristic Apachian floristicarea is a group of 29 species, area. Many are weedy species; all are phenolog- mostlywith intermediate-sizedranges, that ex- ically activein the summermonths. Included in tend into several adjacent floristicareas, mostly thisNeotropical group are: (dicots)Anoda cristata, withinthe southwesternUnited States. Included Boerhaavia scandens, Chamaesyce hyssopifolia, are: (ferns)Cheilanthes wrightii; (dicots) Astrag- Cracca caribaea, Crotalariapumila, Diodia teres, alus allochrous, arizonicum,Ericameria Ipomoea coccinea,Jaltomata procumbens, Poro- laricifolia,Ferocactus wislizenii, Janusia gracilis, phyllumruderale, Tetramerium hispidum; (mono- Sageretiawrightii, and Viguieraannua. cots)Cottea pappopharoides, Cyperus aristatus, and The allochthonous species included in the Eriochloalemmonii. Apachian element of this analysis are mostly Of the 137 species assigned to combinedele-

This content downloaded from 166.3.31.186 on Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:18:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions March1990 McLaughlinand Bowers-Floraof northern Santa Rita Mountains 67 ments, over half are Chihuahuan-Apachian. lect particulardistributions as types,then to clus- Species classifiedthis way are commonin south- ter remainingdistributions around them (Jar- easternArizona, southernNew Mexico, western dine, 1972). Also, the broadercategories, such as Texas, and, usually, northernMexico. Among "temperate" or "northern" in Whittaker and the 70 species with Chihuahuan-Apachian dis- Niering'ssystem, tend to become dumping grounds tributionsare: (ferns) Bommeriahispida; (coni- for species with unusual and perhaps revealing fers) Pinus discolor;(dicots) Abutilonparvulum, distributions,thereby obscuring potentially valu- Acalyphaneomexicana, Acourtia wrightii, Aloysia able information. wrightii,Baccharis pteronioides, Echinocereus fen- The Apachian floristicelement (McLaughlin, dleri,Evolvulus sericeus, Garrya wrightii, Melam- 1968, 1989) is roughlyequivalent to Whittaker podium leucanthum,Quercus hypoleucoides, San- and Niering's(1964) "Madrean areal category," vitalia abertii, Talinum paniculatum, Tragia whichextends from southeastern Arizona to New nepetaefolia,Vitis arizonica; (monocots)Antheri- Mexico and westernTexas and southwardinto cum torreyi,Bouteloua hirsuta, Lycurus phleoides, the Sonoran and Chihuahuan highlands.Of the Muhlenbergiaemersleyi, and Panicum bulbosum. Madrean areal type,they say only that "Madrean The next most commoncombination is Sono- speciesare mostnumerous in thewoodland zones, ran-Apachian,which includes 15 species.All are expressingtheir relationship with the woodlands fairlywidely distributedin centralArizona and of Mexico" (Whittakerand Niering, 1964:14). the Arizona Upland subdivisionof the Sonoran McLaughlin's (1986) Apachian floristicarea is Desert. Includedare (dicots)Baileya multiradiata, more closely equivalent to Wagner's (1977) Boerhaaviacoulteri, Brickellia coulteri, Calliandra "Northern Sierra Madre Biotic Province," an eriophylla,Carnegiea gigantea, Ceanothus greggii, area that he describesas extendingfrom south- Lyciumexsertum, and Mammillariamicrocarpa. easternArizona and southwesternNew Mexico Amongthe other combinations in the northern into the northernSierra Madre Occidental of Santa Rita florawith several species are Sonoran- and Chihuahua. He emphasizesthat the Colorado Plateau (nine sp., including Atriplex provincereaches its northernlimit at the west canescens,Erigeron divergens, and Mentzelia al- slope of the Mogollon Highlands. In his floristic bicaulis);Peninsular-Cismontane California (eight checklist of the Animas Mountains, Wagner sp., includingDaucus pusillus,Lasthenia califor- (1977) notes68 specificand subspecifictaxa that nica,Rhamnus californica, and Yabea microcarpa); appeared to be endemic to the province;this is and Colorado Plateau-Great Basin (six sp., in- about 10% of the total flora.Other treatmentsof cluding Chrysothamnusnauseosus, Erysimum as- thisgeneral region include thoseof Dice (1943), perum,and Sitanionhystrix). Twelve additional who refersto it as the "Apachian Biotic Prov- combinationsaccounted for 29 species, most of ince," and Grant (1959), who uses the name which have widespread distributions.Included "NorthernSierra Biotic Province." are many species with idiosyncraticranges, e.g., Like most other local floras located in the Chamaesyceserpyllifolia (Sierra Nevada-Southern Apachian floristicarea (e.g., the Rincon Moun- Rocky Mountain-Mogollon),Lupinus brevicaulis tains, Bowers and McLaughlin, 1987; Chirica- (Sonoran-GreatBasin), Hedeoma nanum (Sono- hua National Monument,Reeves, 1976; and Syc- ran-Chihuahuan),and Veronicaperegrina (Great amoreCanyon Natural Area, Toolin et al., 1979), Basin-CismontaneCalifornia). the northernSanta Rita Mountains are rich in species compared to local florasfrom other flo- DIscussIoN-Floristic elementsare mostoften ristic areas of the southwesternUnited States. definedsubjectively by grouping plant ranges into Our studyarea containsapproximately 35% more typesbased on descriptionsprovided by floras and speciesthan expected based on itselevational range manuals. The best-knownsuch systemfor the and collectionhistory (Bowers and McLaughlin, southwesternUnited States is that of Whittaker 1982). Much of this diversitycan be accounted and Niering (1964). Several compilersof local forby environmentaland bioticfactors: a bisea- florashave followedor adapted Whittakerand sonal rainfall regime that permitsthe develop- Niering's categories,among them Wentworth ment of characteristicephemeral herbs in the (1982), Bowers(1980), and Wagner (1977). This springand of perennialherbs in the summer;the typeof systemhas several weaknesses,the main scatteredoak canopies thatcreate a heterogenous one being a classifier'ssubjective tendency to se- environmentin which many herbaceous species

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can flourish(Brady, 1973; Wentworth,1982); the correspondto ratherbroad floristicareas within presenceof limestone outcrops that support species which one or more narrowerareas may be in- seldom foundon the predominantigneous sub- cluded. This problemcould be solved by parti- strates;and the existence of permanentwater tioningthe raw data matrix into two or more sources where mesophyticherbs can survive. submatricesbased on size of species ranges (i.e., However, biseasonal rainfall, open woodland numberof local florasor other sample units in canopies,permanent water, and a varietyof geo- which theyoccur) and definingseparate floristic logical substratesoccur in other parts of the areas and elementsfor widespread and morenar- Southwest.Bowers and McLaughlin (1982) not- rowlydistributed species. The floristicelements ed thatmost of the diversefloras in Arizona are resultingfrom such an analysis would more ac- thosewhere Madrean evergreenwoodland is an curately and thoroughlydescribe patterns of importantcomponent of the vegetation,i.e., those species ranges in the westernUnited States. It areas wherethe Apachian floristicelement is best would also be of theoreticalinterest to learn if represented.We suggestthat floristic elements do thefloristic areas thusdefined were hierarchically varyin theirrichness, and thatthe highdiversity nested. of southeasternArizona florasis due in part to The floristicelements used in this studywere the inherentrichness of the Apachian floristic definedon the basis of species ranges withinthe element,which is centeredin this area. westernUnited States. The Apachianfloristic area The proceduresused in thisstudy for defining occurson the southernend of thisreference area; floristicelements provide a useful,objective, and thus,it is not surprisingthat many species clus- repeatablemethodology for analyzing the floristic tering on the Apachian floristicelement have componentsof a local flora. Recurringpatterns ranges extendingwell beyondthe referencearea in plant ranges can be definedby an R-mode to the south. McLaughlin (1986) suggestedthat ordinationof speciesdistributions in a set of local the Apachian floristicelement contained a large floras,and species can then be assigned to ele- autochthonouscomponent. Many species in the ments using an indirectQ-mode ordinationas northernSanta Rita Mountains checklist are done here. Two areas where the methodscan be eitherendemic to theApachian floristicarea (Ta- improved involve difficultieswith classifying ble 2) or are centeredin the Apachian floristic widespreadand narrowspecies on a singleset of area but extendinto only one or a few adjacent floristiccategories and classifyingspecies whose floristicareas. These species constitutethe pre- rangeslie mostlyoutside of the referencearea, in sumablyautochthonous element in the northern this case the westernUnited States. Santa Ritas flora.On closer inspection,it is ev- The firstproblem is shown by species com- ident,however, that many species clusteringon prisingthe Sonoran floristic element, which proved theApachian elementcan be tentativelyclassified to include widespread species with generally as Madrean, Sinaloan,or Neotropicalspecies with southerndistributions in thewestern United States floristicaffinities to the south of the reference as well as species of narrowerrange occurring area. This does not diminishthe value or utility mostlyin the Sonoran Desert area of the south- of the quantitativefloristic approach employed western United States. Likewise, species com- here but rather emphasizes the need for addi- prisingthe Colorado Plateau floristicelement in- tional floristicwork south of the United States- cludedboth widespread intermountain species and Mexico border. speciesof narrower range occurring primarily on theColorado Plateau se. This is a per consequence We thankP. Mirochafor providing the maps of Fig. ofthe fact that the first two factorsin theR-mode 1 andtwo anonymous reviewers for their helpful com- analysis of floristicareas in the westernUnited mentsand criticisms. Statescorresponded to the Sonoran and Colorado Plateau floristicareas. Since the firstfactors in a factor-analysisordination are defined so as to LITERATURE CITED forthe of thevariance account highestproportion BOWERS,J. E. 1980. Flora of Organ Pipe Cactus (in this case similarity)in the data matrix and NationalMonument. J. Arizona-NevadaAcad. Sci., widespreadspecies contributehighly to the total 15:1-11, 33-47. similarityamong all local floras,the firstfew BOWERS,J. E., ANDS. P. MCLAUGHLIN. 1982. Plant factorstend to be somewhat ambiguous. They speciesdiversity in Arizona.Madrofio, 29:227-233.

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. 1987. Flora and vegetationof the Rincon G. Frey, eds.). PrincetonUniv. Press, Princeton, Mountains, Pima County,Arizona. Desert Plants, New Jersey,922 pp. 8:51-94. WENTWORTH,T. R. 1982. Vegetationand flora of BRADY,W. 1973. Patternsof vegetativediversity in the Mule Mountains, Cochise County,Arizona. J. the Huachuca Mountains. Unpubl. Ph.D. dissert., Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci., 17:29-44. Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, 184 pp. WHITTAKER, R. H., AND W. A. NIERING. 1964. CORVELLO,T. J. 1981. Quantitativebiogeography: Vegetationof the Santa Catalina Mountains, Ar- an overview.Taxon, 30:563-575. izona. I. Ecological classificationand distribution DICE, L. R. 1943. The biotic provincesof North of species. J. Arizona Acad. Sci., 3:9-34. America.Univ. Michigan Press,Ann Arbor,78 pp. . 1968. Vegetation of the Santa Catalina DREWES,H. 1971. Geologic map of the Sahuarita Mountains, Arizona. IV. Limestoneand acid soils. Quadrangle, southeast of Tucson, Pima County, J. Ecol., 56:523-544. Arizona. U.S. Dept. Interior,U.S. Geol. Survey, Misc. Geol. Investig.Map 1-613. APPENDIX 1 GRANT,V. 1959. Natural historyof the Phlox family. Martinus Nijhoff,The Hague, Netherlands,280 Checklist of the flora of the northernSanta Rita PP. Mountains. Nomenclature for species follows Lehr methods in the JARDINE,N. 1972. Computational (1978) and supplements (Lehr and Pinkava, 1980, in Tax- studyof plant distributions.Pp. 381-393, 1982), exceptfor Euphorbiaceae whichfollows Kartesz onomy,phytogeography, and evolution(D. H. Val- and Kartesz (1980). Where recenttreatments have su- Academic 431 entine,ed.). Press, London, pp. perceded Lehr (1978) and Lehr and Pinkava (1980, KARTESZ,J. T., AND R. KARTESZ. 1980. A synon- 1982), the more recentname is used followedby the checklistof the vascular floraof the United ymized synonymfrom the latterreferences in parentheses.Use and Greenland. Univ. North Car- States,Canada, of familynames followsKartesz and Kartesz (1980). 498 olina Press, Chapel Hill, pp. Following the species names are abbreviationsfor the ofthe flora of Arizona. LEHR,J. H. 1978. A catalogue floristicelements to whichthey belong: SO = Sonoran; Desert Botanical Garden, Phoenix, Arizona, 203 CP = Colorado Plateau; GB = Great Basin; SN = PP. Sierra Nevada; RM = Rocky Mountain; CH = Chi- D. PINKAVA.1980. A LEHR, J. H., AND J. catalogue huahuan; AP = Apachian; SM = Southern Rocky Arizona. Arizona- of the floraof SupplementI. J. Mountain-Mogollon;PC = PeninsularCalifornia; CC Nevada Acad. Sci., 15:17-32. = Cismontane California; VA = Vancouverian; and 1982. A catalogue of the flora of Arizona. CO = Columbia Plateau. Floristicelements were as- Arizona-Nevada Acad. 17: SupplementII. J. Sci., signed at the species level only. Also given are fre- 19-26. quency classes: w = wide; i = intermediate;and n = S. P. 1986. Floristic of the MCLAUGHLIN, analysis narrow. Introducedspecies, which are precededby an States. Great Basin 46: southwesternUnited Nat., asterisk,were notassigned to floristicelements. Vouch- 46-65. er specimensare depositedin the herbarium,Univer- . 1989. Natural floristicareas of the western sityof Arizona. 16:239-248. United States. J. Biogeography, Pteridophyta:Equisetaceae-Equisetum laevigatum PIELOU,E. C. 1984. The interpretationof ecological A. Braun (CP-GB, w). New 263 data. John Wiley and Sons, York, pp. Adiantaceae-Adiantum capillus-venerisL. (SO, w); and floraof Chiricahua REEVES,T. 1976. Vegetation Bommeriahispida (Mett.) Underw. (CH-AP, i); Chei- National Monument, Cochise County, Arizona. lantheseatoni Baker (CH, i); Cheilanthesfeei Moore, Unpubl. M.S. thesis,Arizona State Univ., Tempe, (CP, i); CheilanthesfendleriHook. (AP, i); Cheilanthes 173 pp. lindheimeriHook. (AP, n); Cheilantheswrightii Hook. STOTT,P. 1981. Historical plant geography.George (AP, n); Notholaena cochisensisGoodding (AP, n); Allen and Unwin, London, 151 pp. Notholaenagrayi Davenp. (AP, n); Notholaenalimitanea TOOLIN, L. J., T. R. VAN DEVENDER, AND J. M. Maxon (AP, n); Notholaenasinuata (Sw.) Kaulf. (CH, KAISER. 1979. The flora of Sycamore Canyon, i); Pellaea atropurpurea(L.) Link (CH, n); Pellaea in- Pajarito Mountains, Santa Cruz County,Arizona. termediaMett. ex Kuhn (CH, n); Pellaea mucronata J. Arizona-Nevada. Acad. Sci., 14:66-74. (D.C. Eat.) D.C. Eat. (=Pellaea truncataGoodding) WAGNER, W. L. 1977. Floristicaffinities of the An- (SO,w). imas Mountain, southwesternNew Mexico. Un- Aspleniaceae--Woodsiamexicana Fee (CH, i). publ. M.S. thesis,Univ. New Mexico, Albuquer- Selaginellaceae-Selaginella rupincolaUnderw. (AP, que, 178 pp. n). WEBER,W. A. 1965. Plant geographyin thesouthern Gnetophyta:Ephedraceae-Ephedra trifurcaTorr. Rocky Mountains. Pp. 453-468, in The Quater- (CH, i). nary of the United States (H. E. Wright and D. Coniferophyta:Cupressaceae--uniperus deppeana

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Steud. (AP, i); Juniperusmonosperma (Engelm.) Sarg. tocephalaSherff (AP, n); Brickelliabaccharidea Gray (CH-AP, w). (AP, n); Brickelliabetonicaefolia Gray (AP, n); Brickel- Pinaceae-Pinus discolorBailey et Hawksworthvar. lia californica(Torr. et Gray) Gray (CH-AP, w); Bric- bicolorLittle (CH-AP, n). kellia chlorolepis(Woot. et Standl.) Shinners (CH, i); Anthophyta-Dicotyledoneae: Acanthaceae-Anis- Brickelliacoulteri Gray (SO-AP, n); Brickelliafloribun- acanthusthurberi (Torr.) Gray (AP, i); Carlowrightia da Gray (AP, n); Brickelliavenosa (Woot. et Standl.) arizonica Gray (SO, n); Diclipteraresupinata (Vahl) Robins. (AP, n); Calycoseriswrightii Gray (SO, i); Car- Juss. (SO, n); Dyschoristedecumbens (Gray) Kuntze minatiatenuiflora DC. (AP, n); Carphochaetebigelovii (CH, n); Tetrameriumhispidum Nees (AP, n). Gray (AP, n); *Centaureamelitensis L.; Chrysothamnus Aizoaceae-*Mollugo verticillataL.; Trianthemapor- nauseosus(Pall.) Britt. ssp. latisquameus(Gray) Hall tulacastrumL. (SO, n). et Clem. (CP-GB, w); Cirsiumarizonicum (Gray) Pe- Amaranthaceae-Alternantherarepens (L.) Kuntze trak (AP, n); Cirsiumneomexicanum Gray (SO-AP, (CH, n); *Amaranthusalbus L.; Amaranthusblitoides w); Cirsiumochrocentrum Gray (CH, i); Conyza cana- Wats. (=Amaranthusgraecizans auth.) (CP, w); *Amar- densis(L.) Cronq. (SO-CP, w); Conyza coulteriGray anthushybridus L.; Amaranthuspalmeri Wats. (CH- (CH, w); Conyzasophiaefolia HBK. (CH-AP, n); Core- AP, i); Froelichiaarizonica Thornber (AP, n); Gom- ocarpusarizonicus (Gray) Blake (AP, n); Cosmospar- phrenacaespitosa Torr. (AP, n); Gomphrenanitida Rothr. viflorus(Jacq.) HBK. (CH, n); Dyssodiaacerosa DC. (CH, n); Gomphrenasonorae Torr. (AP, n); Guilleminea (CH, n); Dyssodiapentachaeta (DC.) Robins. (CH, i); densa (Willd.) Moq. (CH, n); Tidestromialanuginosa Ericamerialaricifolia (Gray) Shinners(AP, i); Erigeron (Nutt.) Standl. (CH, i). divergensTorr. et Gray (SO-CP, w); Erigeronflagel- Anacardiaceae-Rhus glabra L. (AP-SM, i); Rhus larisGray (SM, w); Erigeronneomexicanus Gray (AP, trilobataNutt. (CP, w); Rhus virensLindh. ssp. cho- n); Eupatoriumgreggii Gray (CH, n); Eupatoriumher- riophylla(Woot. et Standl.) Young (=Rhus choriophylla baceum(Gray) Greene (AP, i); Evax multicaulisDC. Woot. et Standl.) (CH, n); Toxicodendronradicans (L.) (CH, n); Filago californicaNutt. (SO, w); Gaillardia Kuntze var. rydbergii(Small) Rehd. (CP, w). pinnatifidaTorr. (CP-CH, w); Gnaphaliumchilense Apiaceae-Bowlesia incana Ruiz et Pavon (SO, i); Spreng.(PC, w); Gnaphaliumleucocephalum Gray (PC, Daucus pusillus Michx. (PC-CC, w); Lomatiumneva- n); Gnaphaliumwrightii Gray (AP, i); Guardiolapla- dense(Wats.) C. et R. var.pseudorientale (Jones) Munz typhyllaGray (AP, n); Gutierreziamicrocephala (DC.) (SO, i); Spermolepisechinata (Nutt.) Heller (AP, n); Gray (SO, w); Gutierreziasarothrae (Pursh) Britt. et Yabeamicrocarpa (Hook. et Am.) K.-Pol. (PC-CC, w). Rusby (CP, w); Gymnospermaglutinosum (Spreng.) Apocynaceae-Haplophytoncrooksii L. Benson (AP, Less. (CH, i); Helenium thurberiGray (AP, n); He- n); Macrosiphoniabrachysiphon (Torr.) Gray (AP, n). lianthuspetiolaris Nutt. (CP, w); Heterospermapinna- Aristolochiaceae-Aristolochia watsoni Woot. et tumCav. (CH, n); Heterothecapsammophila Wagenkn. Standl. (AP, n). (AP, i); Heterothecaviscida (Gray) Harms (CH-AP, Asclepiadaceae-Asclepias asperula(Decne.) Woods. n); Hymenocleamonogyra Torr. et Gray (AP, n); Hy- (CP, w); Asclepiaslinaria Cav. (AP, n); Asclepiasmacro- menopappusfilifolius Hook. var. lugens(Greene) Jeps. tisTorr. (AP-SM, n); Asclepiasnummularia Torr. (CH, (CP, w); Hymenothrixwislizenii Gray (AP, n); Hy- n); Asclepiasnyctaginifolia Gray (AP, n); Asclepiasquin- menothrixwrightii Gray (AP, n); Isocoma tenuisecta quedentataGray (AP, n); Sarcostemmacrispum Benth. Greene (AP, n); Iva ambrosiaefoliaGray (CH, n); *Lac- (CH-AP, i); Sarcostemmacynanchoides Decne. var. har- tucaserriola L.; Lastheniacalifornica DC. ex Lindl. (PC- twegii(Vail) Shinners(SO, w). CC, w); Leucelene ericoides(Torr.) Greene (CP, w); Asteraceae-Acourtia nana (Gray) Reveal et King Machaerantheragracilis (Nutt.) Shinners (AP, i); Ma- (CH, i); Acourtiathurberi (Gray) Reveal et King (AP, chaerantherapinnatifida (Hook.) Shinners ssp. pinna- n); Acourtiawrightii (Gray) Reveal et King (CH-AP, tifida(SO, i); Machaerantheratagetina Greene (AP, n); i); Ambrosiapsilostachya DC (PC, i); Artemisiacam- Machaerantheratephrodes (Gray) Greene (AP, i); Mal- pestrisL. ssp. pacifica(Nutt.) Hall et Clements (=Ar- acothrixcalifornica DC. var. glabrata Eaton (SO, w); temisiapacifica Nutt.) (CP, i); Artemisiadracunculus L. Malacothrixclevelandii Gray (PC, i); Malacothrixfen- (CP, w); Artemisialudoviciana Nutt. ssp. albula (Woot.) dleriGray (CH-AP, i); Melampodiumleucanthum Torr. Keck and ssp. sulcata (Rydb.) Keck (CP, w); Aster et Gray (CH-AP, i); Melampodiumlongicorne Gray subulatusMichx. var. ligulatusShinners (PC, i); Bac- (AP, n); Melampodiumsericeum Lag. (=Melampodium charis brachyphyllaGray (SO, n); Baccharisglutinosa strigosumSteussy) (AP, n); Microserislindleyi (DC.) Pers. (=Baccharis salicifoliaauth.) (SO, w); Baccharis Gray (=Microserislinearifolia (DC.) Schultz-Bip.) (SO, pteronioidesDC. (CH-AP, i); Baccharissarothroides Gray w); Partheniumincanum HBK. (CH, i); Pectisfilipes (AP, i); Baccharisthesioides HBK (AP, n); Bahia ab- Harv. et Gray (CH-AP, n); Pectislongipes Gray (CH- sinthifoliaBenth. (CH, i); Bahia dissecta(Gray) Britt. AP, n); Pectisprostrata Cav. (CH, n); Porophyllumgrac- (SM, i); Baileya multiradiataHarv. et Gray (SO-AP, ile Benth. (SO, i); Porophyllumruderale (Jacq.) Cass. w); Bebbiajuncea (Benth.) Greene var. aspera Greene ssp. macrocephalum(DC.) R. R. Johns. (AP, n); Psi- (SO, i); Bidensaurea (Ait.) Sherff(AP, n); Bidens lep- lostrophecooperi (Gray) Greene (SO, i); Rafinesquia

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neomexicanaGray (SO, i); Sanvitaliaabertii Gray (CH- Echinocereustriglochidiatus Engelm. var. melanacanthus AP, i); Schkuhriawislizenii Gray var. wrightii(Gray) (Engelm.) L. Benson (CP, w); Ferocactuswislizenii Blake (CH, n); Senecio douglasiiDC. var. longilobus (Engelm.) Britt.et Rose (AP, n); Mammillariagrahamii (Benth.) L. Benson (SO, w); Senecioneomexicanus Gray Engelm. var. oliviae(Orcutt) L. Benson (AP, n); Mam- (SM, i); Solidagosparsiflora Gray (CP, w); Stephano- millariaheyderi Muhl. var. macdougalii(Rose) L. Ben- meriapauciflora (Torr.) A. Nels. (SO, w); Stephano- son (=Mammillaria gummiferaEngelm. var. macdou- meriathurberi Gray (AP, n); Stevialemmoni Gray (AP, galii (Rose) L. Benson) (CH, n); Mammillaria n); Thelespermalongipes Gray (CH, n); Thelesperma microcarpaEngelm. (SO-AP, i); Neolloydiaintertexta megapotamicum(Spreng.) Kuntze (CH, i); Tithonia (Engelm.) L. Benson (CH, n); Opuntiaarbuscula En- thurberiGray (AP, n); Trixiscalifornica Kellogg (SO, gelm. (SO-AP, n); Opuntiachlorotica Engelm. et Bigel. i); Verbesinaencelioides (Cay.) Benth. et Hook. (CH, (SO, i); Opuntiaphaeacantha Engelm. var. discata (Griff.) w); Verbesinarothrockii Robins. et Greenm. (CH-AP, L. Benson et Walkington,var. laevis (Coult.) L. Ben- n); Viguieraannua (Jones) Blake (AP, n); Viguiera son, and var. majorEngelm. (SO, w); Opuntiaspinosior cordifoliaGray (CH, i); Viguieradentata (Cav.) Spreng. (Engelm.) Toumey (AP, n). var. dentataand var. lancifoliaBlake (CH, n); Viguiera Campanulaceae-Lobelia cardinalisL. ssp. graminea multiflora(Nutt.) Blake (CP-SM, w); Xanthiumstru- (Lam.) McVaugh (CH-AP, i); Nemacladusglanduli- mariumL. (CP, w); Zexmeniapodocephala Gray (AP, ferusJeps. (SO, i); Triodanisholzingeri McVaugh (AP, n); Zinnia acerosa(DC.) Gray (CH, n). n); Triodanisperfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. (AP, i). Berberidaceae-Berberis wilcoxiiKearney (AP, n). Capparidaceae-Polanisia dodecandra(L.) DC. ssp. Bignoniaceae-Chilopsis linearis(Cay.) Sweet (SO, trachysperma(T. et G.) Iltis (AP, i). w); Tecomastans (L.) HBK. (CH, n). Caprifoliaceae-Sambucus mexicanaPresl (PC, i). Boraginaceae-Cryptantha angustifolia (Torr.) Caryophyllaceae-Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Greene (SO, i); Cryptanthabarbigera (Gray) Greene Rohrb. ssp. saxosa (Gray) Maguire (AP, i); Cerastium (SO, i); Cryptanthadecipiens (Jones) Heller (SO, i); texanumBritt. (AP, n); Drymariamolluginea (Lag.) Cryptanthamicrantha (Torr.) Johnst.(SO, w); Cryp- Didr. (AP, n); Loeflingiasquarrosa Nutt. (SO-PC, n); tanthanevadensis Nels. et Kenn. (SO, i); Cryptantha Silene antirrhinaL. (SO, w); Silene laciniataCav. ssp. pterocarya(Torr.) Greene var. cycloptera(Greene) greggii(Gray) Hitchc. et Maguire (CH, i). Macbr. (SO, w); Heliotropiumfruticosum L. (AP, n); Celastraceae-Mortonia sempervirensGray (=Mor- Lappula redowskii(Hornem.) Greene (CP, w); Lith- toniascabrella Gray) (CH, n). ospermumcobrense Greene (SM, i); Lithospermumin- Chenopodiaceae-Atriplex canescens(Pursh) Nutt. cisumLehm. (CP, w); Pectocaryaplatycarpa Munz et (SO-CP, w); Atriplexelegans (Moq.) D. Dietr. ssp. Johnst. (SO, i); Pectocaryarecurvata Johnst. (SO, i); elegans(SO, i); Chenopodiumfremontii Wats. (CP, w); Plagiobothrysarizonicus (Gray) Greene (SO, i); Pla- Chenopodiumneomexicanum Standl. (CH-AP, i); *Sal- giobothryspringlei Greene (AP, n). sola kali L. Brassicaceae-Arabis perennansWats. (SO, w); Des- Cochlospermaceae-Amoreuxiapalmatifida Moc. et curainiapinnata (Walt.) Britt. ssp. halictorum(Ckll.) Sesse (AP, n). Detling (SO-CP, w); Draba cuneifoliaNutt. var. inte- Convolvulaceae-Convolvulusequitans Benth. (CH, grifoliaWats. (SO, w); Draba petrophilaGreene (AP, n); Cuscutaapplanata Engelm. (CH, n); Evolvulusar- n); Dryopetalonruncinatum Gray (CH, n); Erysimum izonicusGray (AP, n); EvolvuluspilosusNutt. (CH, i); asperum(Nutt.) DC. var.purshii Durand (CP-GB, w); Evolvulussericeus Swartz (CH-AP, n); Ipomoea bar- Lepidiumlasiocarpum Nutt. var. wrightii(Gray) C. L. batisepala Gray (AP, n); Ipomoea capillacea (HBK.) Hitchc. (SO, w); Lepidium thurberiWoot. (AP, n); G. Don (=Ipomoea muricataCav.) (CH, n); Ipomoea Lepidium virginicumL. var. medium(Greene) C. L. coccineaL. (AP, n); Ipomoea costellataTorr. (CH, i); Hitchc. (SO-AP, w); Lesquerellagordoni (Gray) Wats. Ipomoeahederacea (L.) Jacq. (CH-AP, i); Ipomoealep- (AP, i); Lesquerellapurpurea (Gray) Wats. (CH, n); totomaTorr. (AP, n). *Nasturtiumofficinale R. Br.; Pennelliamicrantha (Gray) Crassulaceae-Graptopetalum bartramiiRose (AP, Nieuw. (CH-AP, n); *Sisymbriumirio L.; Streptanthus n); Sedumgriffithsii Rose (AP, n). arizonicus Wats. (AP, n); Thelypodiopsislinearifolia Cucurbitaceae-Apodanthera undulata Gray (CH, (Gray) Al-Shehbaz (AP, i); Thlaspimontanum L. var. n); Cucurbitadigitata Gray (AP, n); Cucurbitafoetidis- fendleri(Gray) P. Holmgren (RM-SM, w); Thysano- sima HBK. (CH-AP, w); Echinopeponwrightii (Gray) carpus elegans Fisch. et Meyer (=Thysanocarpuscur- Wats. (AP, n); Marah gilensisGreene (AP, n). vipesHook. var. elegans (F. et M.) Robins.) (SO, i). Euphorbiaceae-Acalypha lindheimeriMuell.-Arg. Cactaceae--Carnegieagigantea Engelm. (SO-AP, n); (CH, n); Acalyphaneomexicana Muell.-Arg. (CH-AP, Coryphanthavivipara (Nutt.) Britt. et Rose var. bis- n); Argythamnianeomexicana Muell.-Arg. (SO, i); beeana(Orcutt) L. Benson (CP, i); Echinocereusfendleri Chamaesycealbomarginata (Torr. et Gray) Small (SO, Engelm. var. rectispinus(Peebles) L. Benson (CH-AP, w); Chamaesycecapitellata (Engelm.) Millsp. (SO, n); i); Echinocereuspectinatus (Scheid.) Engelm. var. rigi- Chamaesyceflorida(Engelm.) Millsp. (AP, n); Chamae- dissimus (Engelm.) Engelm. ex Rumpler (CH, n); sycehirta (L.) Millsp. (AP, n); Chamaesycehyssopifolia

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(L.) Small (AP, n); Chamaesyceindivisa (Engelm.) Benth. (CH, n); *Parkinsoniaaculeata L.; Phaseolus Millsp. (AP, n); Chamaesycepediculifera (Engelm.) Rose acutifoliusGray var. tenuifoliusGray (CH, n); Phaseolus et Standl.(SO, n); Chamaesycerevoluta (Engelm.) Small ritensisJones (AP, n); Prosopisvelutina Woot. (AP, n); (AP, i); Chamaesyceserpyllifolia (Pers.) Small (SN-SM, Psoraleatenuiflora Pursh (AP, i); Rhynchosiasenna Gil- w); Chamaesyceserrula (Engelm.) Woot. et Standl.(CH, lies (CH, i); Robinia neomexicanaGray (AP, i); Senna n); Chamaesycestictospora (Engelm.) Small (CH, n); bauhinioides(Gray) Irwin et Barneby (CH, i); Senna Crotonpottsii (Klotzsch) Muell.-Arg. (CH, n); Eu- hirsuta(L.) Irwin et Barneby var. glaberrima(Jones) phorbia exstipulataEngelm. (CH, n); Euphorbiaspa- Irwin et Barneby(AP, n); Tephrosiatenella Gray (AP, thulataLam. (PC-CC, i); Jatrophamacrorhiza Benth. n); Vicia ludovicianaNutt. (AP-PC, w). (CH-AP, n); Manihotangustiloba (Torr.) Muell.-Arg. Fagaceae-Quercus arizonicaSarg. (AP, i); Quercus (AP, n); Poinsettiadentata (Michx.) Klotzschet Garcke emoryiTorr. (AP, i); Quercushypoleucoides Camus (CH- var. cuphospermaEngelm. (CH, i); Poinsettiahetero- AP, n); Quercusoblongifolia Torr. (CH, n); Quercus phylla (L.) Klotzsch et Garcke var. heterophylla,var. pungensLiebm. (CH, n). graminifolia(Michx.) Engelm. (CH-AP, n); Poinsettia Fouquieriaceae-Fouquieria splendensEngelm. (SO, radians (Benth.) Klotzsch et Garcke (CH, n); Tragia w). laciniata(Torr.) Muell.-Arg. (AP, n); Tragia nepetae- Garryaceae-Garrya wrightiiTorr. (CH-AP, i). folia Cav. (CH-AP, i); Tragia ramosaTorr. (AP, i). Gentianaceae-Centauriumcalycosum (Buckl.) Fern. Fabaceae-Acacia angustissima(Mill.) Kuntze (AP, (AP, i). i); Acacia constrictaBenth. (CH-AP, i); Acacia greggii Geraniaceae-*Erodium cicutarium(L.) L'Her. Gray (SO, w); Acaciamillefolia Wats. (AP, n); Amorpha Hydrophyllaceae-Eucryptamicrantha (Torr.) Hel- fruticosaL. var. occidentalis(Abrams) Kearney et Pee- ler (SO, i); Nama dichotomum(Ruiz et Pavon) Choisy bles (AP, i); Astragalusallochrous Gray (AP, n); As- (CH-AP, n); Nama hispidumGray var. spathulatum tragalusarizonicus Gray (AP, n); Astragalushumistratus (Torr.) C. L. Hitchc. (SO, i); Phaceliaaffinis Gray (SO, Gray var. sonorae(Gray) Jones (CH, n); Astragalus i); Phacelia arizonicaGray (AP, n); Phacelia bombycina mollissimusTorr. var. bigelovii(Gray) Barneby (CP, Woot. et Standl. (AP, n); Phaceliacoerulea Greene (SO, i); Astragalusnothoxys Gray (AP, n); Astragalusnut- n); Phacelia distansBenth. (SO, w). tallianusDC. (SO, w); Astragalusthurberi Gray (AP, Juglandaceae-Juglans major (Torr.) Heller (AP, n); *Caesalpinia gilliesii Wall; Calliandra eriophylla i). Benth. (SO-AP, i); Calliandrahumilis Benth. var. re- Krameriaceae-Krameria glandulosaRose et Painter ticulata(Gray) L. Benson (AP, i); Cercidiumfloridum (=Krameria parvifoliaBenth. var. glandulosa(Rose et Benth. (SO, i); Chamaecristanictitans (L.) Greene var. Painter) Macbr.) (SO, i); Krameria lanceolataTorr. mensalis(Greenm.) Irwin et Barneby (AP, n); Cracca (CH, n); Krameriaparvifolia Benth. (SO, i). caribaea(Jacq.) Benth. (=Cracca edwardsiiGray) (AP, Lamiaceae-Hedeoma dentatum Torr. (CH, n); n); Crotalariapumila Ortega (AP, n); Dalea albiflora Hedeomahyssopifolium Gray (AP, n); Hedeoma nanum (Gray (AP, n); Dalea brachystachysGray (CH, n); Da- (Torr.) Briq. (SO-CH, i); *Lamiumamplexicaule L.; lea candida (Michx.) Willd. (=Petalostemoncandidum *Marrubiumvulgare L.; Monarda citriodoraCerv. ex Michx.) (CP, i); Dalea formosaTorr. (CH, i); Dalea Lag. (=Monarda austromontanaEpling) (AP, n); Salvia grayi (Vail) L. O. Williams (CH, n); Dalea lachnos- columbariaeBenth. (SO, w); Salviasubincisa Benth. (AP, tachysGray (CH, n); Dalea nana Torr. (CH, n); Dalea n); Stachyscoccinea Jacq. (AP, n); Trichostemaarizoni- neomexicana(Gray) Cory (SO; n); Dalea pogonathera cum Gray (AP, n). Gray (CH, n); Dalea pringlei Gray (AP, n); Dalea Linaceae-Linum lewisii Pursh (GB, w); Linum versicolorZucc. var. sessilis(Gray) Barneby (AP, n); puberulum(Engelm.) Heller (CH, i). Dalea wrightiiGray (CH, n); Desmanthuscooleyi (Eat.) Loasaceae-Mentzelia albicaulisDougl. (SO-CP, w); Trel. (CH, i); Desmodiumbatocaulon Gray (AP, n); Mentzeliaasperula Woot. et Standl. (CH-AP, n); Ment- Desmodiumcinerascens Gray (AP, n); Desmodiumneo- zelia multiflora(Nutt.) Gray (CP, i). mexicanumGray (CH-AP, n); Desmodiumprocumbens Loranthaceae-Phoradendroncalifornicum Nutt. (SO, (Mill.) A. S. Hitchc. (AP, n); Desmodiumrosei Schubert i); Phoradendronjuniperinum Engelm. (CP, w); Phora- (AP, n); Erythrinaflabelliformis Kearney (AP, n); dendrontomentosum (DC.) Gray (PC-CC, i); Phoraden- Eysenhardtiaorthocarpa (Gray) Wats. (AP, n); Galactia dronvillosum (Nutt.) Nutt. ssp. coryae(Trel.) Wiens. wrightiiGray (AP, n); Indigoferasphaerocarpa Gray (CH-AP, w). (AP, n); Lotusgreenei (Woot. et Standl.) Ottley (AP, Lythraceae-Lythrum californicumTorr. et Gray n); Lotus humistratusGreene (SO-AP, w); Lotus oro- (SO, i). boides(HBK.) Ottley(CH, n); Lupinusbrevicaulis Wats. Malpighiaceae-fanusia gracilisGray (AP, i). (SO-GB, i); Lupinus concinnusAgardh. (SO, w); Lu- Malvaceae-Abutilon californicumBenth. (AP, n); pinuspalmeri Wats. (AP, i); Lupinussparsiflorus Benth. Abutilonparvulum Gray (CHI-AP, i); Abutilonsonorae (SO, i); Macroptiliumgibbosifolium (Ortega) A. Del- Gray (CH-AP, n); Anoda cristata(L.) Schlecht.(AP, gado (AP, n); Marina calycosa(Gray) Barneby (AP, n); Gossypiumthurberi Todaro (AP, n); Hibiscuscoulteri n); *Melilotusalbus Desr.; *Melilotusindicus (L.) All.; Harv. (AP, n); Hibiscusdenudatus Benth. (SO, i); Rhyn- Mimosa biunciferaBenth. (AP, i); Mimosa dysocarpa chosidaphysocalyx (Gray) Fryxell (CH, n); Sida neo-

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mexicanaGray (CH, n); Sidaprocumbens Swallen (CH- i); Calyptridiumparryi Gray (SO-CC, n); Portulaca AP, i); Sida spinosaL. var. angustifolia(Lam.) Griseb. parvula Gray (AP, n); Portulacaretusa Engelm. (CH- (AP, n); Sphaeralceaangustifolia (Cay.) G. Don (CH, AP, i); Portulacasuffrutescens Engelm. (AP, n); Por- n); Sphaeralcealaxa Woot. et Standl. (AP, n). tulacaumbraticola HBK. (AP, n); Talinumaurantiacum Martyniaceae-Proboscideaparviflora (Woot.) Woot. Engelm. (CH, i); Talinumpaniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. et Standl. (AP, i). (CH-AP, n). Moraceae-*Ficus carica L.; Morus microphylla Primulaceae-Androsace occidentalisPursh (AP, i). Buckl. (CH-AP, i). Ranunculaceae-Anemone tuberosaRydb. (SO, i); Nyctaginaceae-Allionia incarnataL. (SO, w); Boer- Clematisdrummondii Torr. et Gray (CH, i); Clematis haaviacoccinea Mill. (SO, i); Boerhaaviacoulteri (Hook. ligusticifoliaNutt. (CP, w); Delphiniumscaposum Greene f.) Wats. (SO-AP, n); Boerhaaviaerecta L. (AP, n); (CP, i); Myosuruscupulatus Wats. (SO-AP, i); Thalic- Boerhaaviapurpurascens Gray (AP, n); Boerhaaviascan- trumfendleri Engelm. ex Gray (SM, w). dens L. (=Commicarpusscandens (L.) Standl.) (AP, n); Rhamnaceae-Ceanothus greggiiGray (SO-AP, i); Mirabilislinearis (Pursh) Heimerl. (CP, w); Mirabilis Condalia warnockiiM. C. Johnst.var. kearneyanaM. longifloraL. (AP, n); Mirabilisoblongifolia (Gray) Hei- C. Johnst. (CH, n); Rhamnus californicaEsch. ssp. merl. (AP, i). ursina (Greene) Wolf (PC-CC, w); Sageretiawrightii Oleaceae-Fraxinus velutinaTorr. (=Fraxinuspenn- Wats. (AP, n); Zizyphusobtusifolia (Hook. ex T. et G.) sylvanicaMarsh. ssp. velutina(Torr.) Miller) (SO-AP, Gray var. canescens(Gray) M. C. Johnst. (CH-AP, w); Menodorascabra Gray (CH-AP, i). i). Onagraceae-Camissonia californica(Nutt.) Raven Rosaceae-Cercocarpus montanusRaf. var. pauci- (SO, i); Camissoniachamaenerioides (Gray) Raven (SO, dentatus(Wats.) Martin (CP, w); Cowania mexicana i); Epilobium canum (Greene) Raven ssp. latifolium D. Don var. stansburiana(Torr.) Jeps. (CP, w); *Pyr- (Hook.) Raven (SO-PC, w); Epilobiumciliatum Raf. acanthakoidzumii Rehd.; Vauqueliniacalifornica (Torr.) (GB-SN, w); Gaura coccineaNutt. (CH, i); Gaura hex- Sarg. (AP, n). andra Dougl. ssp. gracilis(W. et S.) Raven et Gregory Rubiaceae-Bouvardia ternifolia(Cay.) Schlecht. (AP, i); Gaura parvifloraDougl. (CP, i); Oenothera (=Bouvardiaglaberrima Engelm.) (CH-AP, n); Diodia caespitosaNutt. (CP, w); Oenotheraprimiveris Gray teresWalt. (AP, n); *Galium aparine L.; Galium mi- (SO,i). crophyllumGray (AP, i); Galiumproliferum Gray (SO, Orobanchaceae-Orobanche cooperi (Gray) Heller n); Galium wrightiiGray (AP, i); Hedyotispygmaea (SO, i); Orobanchemultiflora Nutt. (CP, i). Roemeret Schultes(AP, n); Hedyotisrubra (Cay.) Gray Oxalidaceae-Oxalis albicans HBK. (PC, i); Oxalis (CH, n). alpina (Rose) Knuth (AP-SM, i); Oxalisstricta L. (AP, Rutaceae-Choisya arizonicaStandl. (AP, n); Ptelea n). trifoliataL. (CH-AP, w); Thamnosmatexana (Gray) Papaveraceae-Argemonepleiacantha Greene (CH- Torr. (CH, n). AP, i); Corydalisaurea Willd. (CP-SM, w); Eschschol- Salicaceae-Populus fremontiiWats. (SO, w); Salix zia californicaCham. ssp. mexicana(Greene) Clark (SO- exigua Nutt. (SO-CP, w); Salix gooddingiiBall. (SO, CC, w). w). Phytolaccaceae-Rivina humilisL. (CH, n). Santalaceae-Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. ssp. Plantaginaceae-Plantago patagonicaJacq. (SO-CP, pallida (A. DC.) Piehl (=Comandra pallida A. DC.) w); Plantagovirginica L. (AP, n). (CP, w). Platanaceae-Platanus wrightiiWats. (AP, n). Sapindaceae-Sapindus saponariaL. var. drummon- Polemoniaceae-Eriastrum diffusum(Gray) Mason dii (H. et A.) Benson (CH-AP, i). (SO, i); Gilia mexicanaA. et V. Grant (SO, n); Ipo- Saxifragaceae-Fendlera rupicolaGray (CP-AP, w); mopsislongiflora (Torr.) V. Grant (CP-SM, i); Ipo- Heucherasanguinea Engelm. (AP, n). mopsismultiflora (Nutt.) V. Grant (AP, i); Ipomopsis Scrophulariaceae-Castilleja integraGray (CH, i); thurberi(Torr.) V. Grant (AP, n); Linanthusaureus Castillejalanata Gray (CH, i); Castillejasessiliflora Pursh (Nutt.) Greene (SO, i); Linanthus bigelovii(Gray) (CH, n); Castilleja tenuifloraBenth. (AP, n); Cordy- Greene(SO, i); Microsterisgracilis (Hook.) Greene(GB- lanthuslaxiflorus Gray (AP, n); Linaria texanaScheele SN, w). (PC, i); Maurandya antirrhinifloraHumb. et Bonpl. Polygalaceae-Polygala alba Nutt. (CH, n); Polygala (CH-AP, i); Mimulusguttatus DC. (GB-SN, w); Or- barbeyanaChodat (AP, n); Polygalaobscura Benth. (CH, thocarpuspurpurascens Benth. (PC-CC, w); Penstemon i). barbatus(Cav.) Roth (AP-SM, w); Penstemondasy- Polygonaceae-Eriogonum abertianumTorr. (CH- phyllusGray (CH, n); Penstemonlinarioides Gray (AP, AP, i); Eriogonumdeflexum Torr. (SO, i); Eriogonum i); Penstemonparryi Gray (AP, n); Penstemonsuperbus polycladonBenth. (AP, i); Eriogonumthurberi Torr. A. Nels. (AP, n); Schistophragmaintermedia (Gray) (SO, n); Eriogonumwrightii Torr. (SO, w); *Rumex Pennell (AP, n); *Veronicaanagallis-aquatica L.; Ve- crispusL. ronicaperegrina L. ssp. xalapensis(HBK.) Pennell (GB- Portulacaceae-Calandrinia ciliata (Ruiz et Pavon) CC, w). DC. (PC-CC, w); Calyptridiummonandrum Nutt. (SO, Solanaceae-Chamaesaracha conoides (Moric. ex

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Dunal) Britt.(=Chamaesaracha sordida (Dunal) Gray) Orchidaceae-Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnhart (CH, n); Chamaesarachacoronopus (Dunal) Gray (CH, (AP, n). i); Datura wrightiiRegel (=Datura meteloidesDC.) (SO, Poaceae-*Agrostis semiverticillata(Forsk.) C. Chr.; w); Jaltomataprocumbens (Cav.) Gentry(AP, n); Lyci- Aristidaadscensionis L. (SO, w); Aristidaglabrata (Va- um andersoniiGray (SO, w); Lyciumexsertum Gray sey) Hitchc. (AP, n); Aristidaorcuttiana Vasey (CH, (SO-AP, n); Lyciumpallidum Miers. (CP-CH, i); Mar- n); Aristidapurpurea Nutt. var. purpurea,var. glauca garanthussolanaceus Schlecht. (CH, n); Nicotianatrigo- (Nees) A. Holmgr. et N. Holgmr., and var. longiseta nophyllaDunal (SO, w); Physalishederaefolia Gray var. (Steud.) Vasey (SO-CP, w); Aristidaternipes Cav. (AP, cordifolia(Gray) Waterfall(CH-AP, w); Solanumcor- i); Bothriochloabarbinodis (Lag.) Herter (SO-AP, w); nutum Lam. (=Solanum rostratumDunal.) (CH, i); Boutelouaaristidoides (HBK.) Griseb. (SO, w); Boute- Solanumdouglasii Dunal (AP-PC, i); Solanumelaeag- loua barbata Lag. (SO, w); Bouteloua chondrosioides nifoliumCav. (CH, w). (HBK.) Benth.(AP, n); Boutelouacurtipendula (Michx.) Ulmaceae-Celtis pallida Torr. (AP, n); Celtisretic- Torr. (CP-AP, w); Boutelouaeludens Griffiths (AP, n); ulata Torr. (CH-AP, w). Bouteloua eriopoda Torr. (CH, i); Boutelouagracilis Urticaceae-Parietaria pensylvanicaMuhl. (SO, w). (HBK.) Lag. ex Steud. (CP, w); Boutelouahirsuta Lag. Verbenaceae--Aloysiawrightii (Gray) Heller (CH- (CH-AP, i); Boutelouaparryi (Fourn.) Griffiths(CH, AP, w); Glandulariabipinnatifida (Nutt.) Nutt. (CH- n); Boutelouaradicosa (Fourn.) Griffiths(AP, n); Bou- AP, i); Glandulariagooddingii (Briq.) Solbrig (SO, n); telouarepens (HBK.) Scribn. et Merr. (AP, n); Bra- Tetracleacoulteri Gray (CH, n); Verbenagracilis Desf. chiariaarizonica (Scribn. et Merr.) S. T. Blake (=Pan- (AP, n); Verbenaneomexicana (Small) Gray (CH, i). icum arizonicumScribn. et Merr.) (AP, i); Bromus Violaceae-Hybanthus verticillatus(Ortega) Baill. arizonicus(Shear) Stebbins (SO, i); Bromusciliatus L. (CH-AP, i). (RM-SM, w); Bromusfrondosus(Shear) Woot.et Standl. Vitaceae-Parthenocissus incerta (Kerner) Fritsch (SM, i); *Bromusrubens L.; Cenchrusincertus M. A. (AP, i); Vitisarizonica Engelm. (CH-AP, w). Curtis (CP-CH, i); Chlorisvirgata Swartz (CH-AP, Zygophyllaceae-Kallstroemiacalifornica (Wats.) Vail i); Cotteapappophoroides Kunth (AP, n); *Cynodondac- (CH-AP, i); Kallstroemiagrandiflora Torr. (AP, n); tylon(L.) Pers.; Digitaria californica(Benth.) Henr. Kallstroemiaparviflora Norton (CH, n); Larrea triden- (=Trichachnecalifornica (Benth.) Chase) (CH-AP, i); tata (DC.) Coville (SO, w); *Tribulusterrestris L. Digitaria cognatum(Schult.) Pilger (=Leptoloma cog- Anthophyta-Monocotyledoneae:Agavaceae-Agave natum(Schult.) Chase) (CH, n); *Digitariasanguinalis palmeriEngelm. (AP, n); Agaveschottii Engelm. (AP, (L.) Scop.; Diplachnedubia (HBK.) Nees (CH-AP, i); n); Dasylirionwheeleri Wats. (AP, n); Nolina microcarpa Elionurusbarbiculmis Hack. (CH-AP, n); Enneapogon Wats. (AP, i); Yuccaelata Engelm. (CH, i); Yuccaschot- desvauxiiBeauv. (CH, i); *Eragrostischloromelas Steud.; tii Engelm. (AP, n); Yucca thornberiMcKelvey (AP, *Eragrostiscilianensis (All.) E. Mosher; Eragrostisin- n). termediaHitchc. (AP, i); *Eragrostislehmanniana Nees; Commelinaceae-Commelinadianthifolia Delile (CH- Eragrostismexicana (Hornem.) Link (CH-AP, i); Er- AP, i); Commelinaerecta L. (CH, i); Tradescantiaoc- agrostispectinacea (Michx.) Nees (CH-AP, i); *Era- cidentalis(Britt.) Smyth(AP, n); Tradescantiapineto- grostissuperba Peyr.; Eriochloa lemmoni Vasey et Scribn. rum Greene (AP, n). var. gracilis(Fourn.) Gould (AP, i); Erioneuronavena- Cyperaceae-Bulbostyliscapillaris (L.) C. B. Clarke ceum(HBK.) Takeota var.grandiforum (Vasey) Gould (AP, n); Carex geophilaMack. (AP, n); Carexleucodonta (CH, n); Erioneuronpulchellum (HBK.) Takeota (SO, Holm. (AP, n); Carex ultra Bailey (AP, n); Cyperus w); Heteropogoncontortus (L.) Beauv. (CH-AP, i); Hi- aristatusRottb. (AP, i); Cyperusesculentus L. (AP, i); laria belangeri(Steud.) Nash (AP, n); Hilaria mutica Cyperusfendlerianus Boeckl. (AP, i); Cyperusflavus (Buckl.) Benth. (CH, i); *Hordeummurinum L. ssp. (Vahl) Nees (=Cyperus huarmensis(HBK.) M. C. glaucum(Steud.) Tzuel; Koelerianitida Nutt. (CP-GB, Johnst.) (AP, n); Cyperuspringlei Britt. (AP, n); Cy- w); Lycurusphleoides HBK. (CH-AP, i); Muhlenbergia perus rusbyiBritt. (AP, n). dubioidesC. O. Goodding (AP, n); Muhlenbergiaemer- Juncaceae-Juncus bufoniusL. (SO, w); Juncusen- sleyiVasey (CH-AP, i); Muhlenbergiafragilis Swallen sifoliusWikstr. var. montanus(Engelm.) C. L. Hitchc. (AP, n); Muhlenbergialongiligula Hitchc. (AP, n); (CP-GB, w); Juncusinterior Wieg. var. neomexicanus Muhlenbergiamonticola Buckl. (CH, i); Muhlenbergia (Wieg.) Hermann (CH-AP, i); Juncustorreyi Coville paucifloraBuckl. (CH, i); Muhlenbergiaporteri Scribn. (SO-AP, w). (SO, w); Muhlenbergiarigens (Benth.) Hitchc. (SO, Liliaceae-Allium macropetalumRydb. (CH, i); An- w); Muhlenbergiarigida (HBK.) Kunth (CH, n); Muh- thericumtorreyi Baker (CH-AP, i); Calochortusambigu- lenbergiasinuosa Swallen (AP, n); Muhlenbergiaxero- us (Jones) Ownbey (AP, n); Calochortuskennedyi Por- phila C. O. Goodding(AP, n); Panicumbulbosum HBK. ter (SO, i); Dichelostemmapulchellum (Salisb.) Heller (CH-AP, i); Panicumcapillare L. (CP-AP, w); Panicum (SO, w); Milla bifloraCay. (AP, n); Zephyrantheslon- halliiVasey (CH, i); Panicumhirticaule Presl (CH-AP, gifoliaHemsl. (CH, i). i); Panicumobtusum HBK. (CH, i); Piptochaetiumfim-

This content downloaded from 166.3.31.186 on Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:18:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions March1990 McLaughlinand Bowers-Floraof northern Santa Rita Mountains 75 briatum(HBK.) Hitchc. (CH, n); Poa bigeloviiVasey (L.) Pers.; Sphenopholisobtusata (Michx.) Scribn.(CP, et Scribn.(SO, w); Poafendleriana(Steud.) Vasey (CP, i); Sporoboluscontractus Hitchc. (CP-AP, i); Sporobolus w), *Polypogonmonspeliensis (L.) Desf.; Schizachyrium wrightiiMunro ex Scribn. (CH, n); Trachypogonse- cirratum(Hack.) Woot. et Standl. (CH-AP, n); Schi- cundus (Presl) Scribn. (AP, n); *Tragus berteronianus zachyriumhirtiflorum Nees (AP, n); Scleropogonbrevi- Schult.; Tridensmuticus (Torr.) Nash (SO, w); Trise- florusPhil. (CH, n); Setaria grisebachiiFourn. (CH, tumrninterruptum Buckl. (AP, n); Vulpiaoctoflora (Walt.) n); Setariamacrostachya HBK. (CH, i); Sitanionhystrix Rydb. (SO, w). (Nutt.) J. G. Smith (CP-GB, w); *Sorghumhalepense Typhaceae-Typha domingensisPers. (SO, w).

This content downloaded from 166.3.31.186 on Thu, 13 Jun 2013 16:18:30 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions