14/06 /2019 Fauna & Flora Assessment - Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District., Mining area of 3.2299 Ha

This Document Comprises of the Fauna and Flora Assessment Carried out by the Biodiversity Assessment Team

This document contain 35 pages, Prepared by Dr. K S. Anoop Das Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Fauna & Flora Assessment

Prepared for Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1,158/2,158/3,159/1,Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District., (14/06/2019) with Quarry/Mining area of 3.2299 Ha

Prepared by Dr. K.S Anoop Das, [email protected], 0989547198, Biodiversity Assessment Team, M.E.S Mampad College

RBA Report No: 119/19/NSS

All Rights Reserved

Only Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad or his designated representatives or relevant statutory authorities may use this document and only for the specific project for which this document was prepared. It should not be otherwise referenced without permission. This document contains 35 pages.

Document history

Version Description Date Authors/Contributors Authorised / Approved for issue 1.1 Draft Site visit 14.06.2019 1.2 Draft Manuscript 22.06.2019 Dr. K.S Anoop Das preparation / Dr. Prasanth Narayanan S Data Analysis Mr. Sojan Thomas

1.3 print 04.07.2019 -do- Final report for submission

2 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Biodiversity Assessment Team Phone : 04931 – 200387 (Off.) Cell-9895471987 Fax : 04931 – 200337 E – mail : [email protected] M.E.S.MAMPAD Website : www.mesmampad.org COLLEGE

Autonomous (Government Aided, affiliated to Calicut University) Re accredited by NAAC with A Grade P.O. MAMPAD COLLEGE - 676 542 MALAPPURAM DT., KERALA Consultancy/119/19/NSS Date:04.07.2019

Certificate

This is to certify that, the information and data presented here is based on the field work carried out by the biodiversity assessment team of M.E.S Mampad College lead by the undersigned for Granite Quarry- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Trissur District., (14/06/2019) with Quarry/Mining area of 3.2299 Ha have been compiled and executed by the team. We certify the data presented here which is documented and verified by the expertise in the relevant field.

Dr. K.S Anoop Das

3 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Introduction

In response to the request from the proprietor of the Quarry, we have conducted the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment of the proposed region. The result of the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment is expected to yield results which can provide important decision making for the better management. The flora & fauna study forms a part of the environmental data generation for the preparation of Rapid Biodiversity Assessment report for the proposed project. Evaluation of impending development project-related ecological impact is an essential pre- requisite for protection of environment from further degradation. This necessitates determining the baseline status of flora & fauna.

Biodiversity assessment methods

The Rapid Biodiversity Assessment (RBA) provides information about individual flora and fauna species and their habitats, ecosystems and communities, and threatening processes. It reviews existing information and the results of priority taxa and communities.

A major, systematic program of fauna survey has been undertaken during the preparation of this RBA. This survey was considered necessary because of the lack of fauna survey data which was revealed in an initial data audit. Analysis of data involves the information identifying the flora and selected fauna groups in relation to different environmental strata across the site; and analysis of species and their responses to disturbance.

The RBA has focused primarily on the ecosystem and species levels of biodiversity because information about genetic variation within species is limited. The in each plot have been marked with metal plates so as to cater further field inspection easier. Physical marking of biodiversity has been dealt with for flora only, because of logical reasons. Floristic studies are dealt with in detail in the second part of the RBA.

The biodiversity information presented here is intended to reflect the best understanding of the available information, including information obtained through data audit, expert scientific opinion, and analysis of available data. It also points to deficiencies in existing information. The data presented will be used in the development of the restoration plans, including configuration of the quarry closure, and in the formulation of management recommendations by the experts.

4 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

The study has covered the following aspects to appraise the biodiversity of the site

Sl No Floral component Faunal elements 1 Plantations/Agro-forestry Total Listing of major Faunal elements 2 Natural Vegetation/Forest type Endangered Species / Endemic Species 3 Flora Identification- Trees Wildlife Schedules 4 Flora Identification- Shrubs Migratory Species 5 Flora Identification- Herbs Migratory corridors or Paths 6 Flora Identification- Climbers Breeding & Spawning Grounds

Objectives

The main objectives of conducting Rapid Biodiversity Assessment in the proposed mining area were:

value which may be affected by the mining plan.

proper mining based on the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment findings. Methodology

Identification of vegetation in relation to natural flora and crops was conducted through reconnaissance field surveys and insight observations in core and buffer zone. The species identification was done based on the reference materials and also by examining the morphological characteristics and reproductive materials i.e. flowers, and seeds. Land use pattern in relation to agriculture crop verities were identified through physical verification of land and interaction with local villagers. The faunal elements (animal species) of core and buffer zone were identified by direct sightings or indirect evidences viz. pug marks, skeletal remains, scats and droppings etc. Standard binocular was used for the observations. The authenticity of faunal elements occurrence was confirmed by interaction with the local people. Avifauna identification was done with pictorial descriptions of published literature. Information pertaining to existence of any migratory corridors and paths were obtained with local inhabitants. The status of each faunal element was determined and wildlife schedule category was ascertained as per the IUCN-Red Data Book and Indian wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.

5 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Sampling

A stratified simple random sampling procedure was employed to obtain a sample from study area. The study area was further stratified in different land-use/ecosystems

Sampling Size

Keeping in mind both random sampling technique and covering all land use patterns for the study following sampling locations were chosen depending up on the area of the proposed site .

Timing of Study

The study was carried out during morning and evening hours, to cover the different activity phases for important species such as time resting, feeding, hunting, and daily movements.

Observations from Sampling

The various observations relating to flora and fauna species are discussed in detail below, in separate sections.

Equipment Used

 Canon Mark III Camera with 50-500 mm lens – Snap shots taken  Leica Binoculars (8x 20) to spot/identify species

Literature referred

 IUCN Red Data Book – https://www.iucnredlist.org/species  Ornithological/Entomological/Herpetological/Mammalian catalogues and pictorial descriptions from various authors and websites are followed for species identification

Standard protocols were followed for fauna and flora surveys are as follows.

6 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Methodology

Part I Field sampling techniques

Standard protocols were followed for fauna and flora survey.

1. Focal animal Sampling (Altman 1974) – Mammals

In Focal animal Sampling method, all of the actions of one animal are recorded for a specified time period. When the time period is up, the observer moves on to next animal to record that animal's activities. This continues until all of the animals in the group have been observed for the specified time period. Indirect signs of occurrences such as scats, hairs and spines are also collected.

2. Visual Encounter Survey (VES) - reptiles and amphibians

VES is a time-constrained sampling technique (Campbell and Christman, 1982; Corn and Bury, 1990). It needs a systematic search through an area or habitat for a prescribed time period (Campbell and Christman, 1982). The result of VES is measured against the time spent for search. VES technique is one of the simplest methods, and an appropriate technique for both inventory and monitoring Herpetofauna (Heyer et al. 1994).

3. Transect walk – Birds

Five transect lines with varying length (100m-300m) and fixed width (2m) were laid which cuts through the core and peripheral areas of proposed region. The transect surveys were conducted from 0645 to 0001 Hrs and 0230 to 0004 Hrs (Bibby et al. 2000). All avifauna found along these transects were recorded for analysing the data. Counts were conducted while there is no heavy rain, mist or strong wind.

4. Modified Pollard Walk – for Butterflies

The Modified Pollard Walk (Pollard 1977, 1993, Walpole 1999) using fixed width transect walk method were employed to investigate butterfly spatial distribution, diversity and abundance at the different survey sites as used in previous studies on tropical butterflies.

5. Multiple Stage Quadrat – Vegetation

A range of habitat or vegetation structure variables were measured using the standard sampling protocol called Multiple Stage Quadrat (Sykes and Horrill 1977). Sampling took place in all those area, which occupied an area with the major corners temporarily demarcated with colour ribbons. Each site was located in the field with a compass and clinometer and subsequently 7 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha latitude, longitude and elevation of the plot were recorded with a handheld Global Positioning System (Garmin 12XL).

Part II Data Analysis

Because of differing sample sizes from landscapes, for species diversity, richness and evenness were calculated using the statistical package– Species Diversity & Richness (SDR) programme (Pisces conservation LTD). For comparisons of mean species diversity among the sites program BioDiversity Pro (McAleece et al. 1997) was used. We estimated diversity in terms of species richness and evenness, as well as using the Shannon-Weaver index, which combines richness and abundance into a single measure (Magurran 1988).

Shannon-Wiener Index is defined and given by the following function: H=∑[(pi)×ln(pi)]

Where −

 pi = proportion of total sample represented by species ii. Divide no. of individuals of species i by total number of samples.  S = number of species, = species richness  Hmax=ln(S) Maximum diversity possible  E = Evenness = H/Hmax Figures-1-3: Image showing the proposed area and vantage points.

8 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Figure 4: The landscape from the various edges of the proposed area

9 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Figure-5-6: Trees marked with metal plates in the plot

10 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Figure 7. Map of the area

11 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Figure 8. Schematic map of the area with areas in which vegetation plots are laid

12 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Baseline data

The field survey has started at 0700 hrs. Weather was gloomy in the early morning and at the evening, but it was sunny during the noon. The proposed area for mining was located at Chelakkara. The area was a remote village side much far away from main road. There was an approach road with proper width. No residential settlements near to the site, except one house, which was 100 meters away from the proposed area. The area was near to a forest area. Thick vegetation of the forest has entered the area and formed a good groove of thick vegetation in the area. The area have been using as a plantation site of Rubber and now it has thinned for the purpose of mining. A small part of the area was rocky and the surface was exposed. The area had little slope. A large cattle shed in the site was seen in the site, but no water bodies or well have observed. There were no signs of any water channels in the site.

Findings/Results

The assessment was carried out during the winter season. However the inspection day was quite alright with respectable weather. The details of the flora and fauna observed are given below.

Records of threatened species in the area

No threatened species were observed

Endangered Species as per Wildlife (Protection) Act:

No Endangered fauna was recorded in the project area.

Endemic Species of the Project areas:

No endemic species were observed in the project area.

Migratory species of the Project areas:

No migratory fauna observed in project area.

Migratory corridors and Flight paths:

No migratory corridors and Flight paths were observed in project area.

Breeding and spawning grounds:

No breeding and spawning grounds were earmarked for the wildlife fauna in project area.

13 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Species Richness of Mammals

The assessment carried out within the proposed area including the buffer. The survey team reported one species of mammal, five individuals of Jungle palm squirrel Funambulus tristriatus (Table 1).

Species Richness of Reptiles

Reptile recorded from the site nine individuals of Eutropis carinata and six individuals of Calotes versicolar. The area is a moist deciduous forest habitat and thereby we could locate few Cnemaspis during the survey apart from an unidentified snake (Table 2).

Species Richness of Birds

The species of birds were recorded based on actual sightings and calls along the five transects within the proposed site. Twenty six (26) species of birds were listed while surveying along the four transects line. Twelve (12) species were identified through calls and the rest with direct sightings (Table 3).

Species Richness of Butterflies

Sixteen (16) species of butterflies were recorded from the study site. Butterflies were found not very active during the survey time, as the day was not sunny. The list of observed species is provided in the Table (4).

Fauna recorded from the project site

Table 1: List of Mammals recorded in the study area

Scientific name Common Name Status FN AN Remarks count count

1 Funambulus palmarum* Indian Palm Squirrel LC 5

2 Sus scorfa* Wild Boar LC Hoof marks,

4 Herpestes edwardsii** Indian Grey Mongoose LC

5 Viverridae** Civet LC

*Indirect evidence ** species likely to be present in the area

14 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Table 2: List of Reptiles recorded in the study area

Scientific name Common Name Status count Remarks

1 Eutropis carinata Brahminy Skink LC 9

2 Calotes versicolor Garden lizard LC 6

3 Cnemaspis Sp. Gecko LC 1

3 Unidentified snake Snake LC 1

Table 3: List of Birds recorded in the study area

Sl.No. Scientific name Common Name Status FN AN count count

1 Spilornis cheela LC 2 2 Ictinaetus malaiensis Black Eagle LC 3 3 Accipiter badius Shikra LC 2 1 4 Bubo zeylonensis Brown Fish Owl LC 2 5 Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl LC 6 2 6 Spilopelia suratensis Spotted dove LC 4 7 Halcyon gularis White-throated kingfisher LC 2 8 Psilopogon viridis White-cheeked barbet LC 6 9 Dicrurus paradiseus Greater racket tailed drongo LC 7 10 Dicrurus aeneus Bronzed Drongo LC 5 11 Oriolus xanthornus Black hooded oriole LC 1 12 Dendrocitta vagabunda Rufous treepie LC 2 1 13 Corvus macrorhynchos Large-billed crow LC 1 14 Pycnonotus jocosus Red whiskered bulbul LC 6 3 15 Acritillas indica Yellow-browed Bulbul LC 2 16 Orthotomus sutorius Common Tailorbird LC 1 17 Leptocoma zeylonica Purple-rumped Sunbird LC 3 2 18 Aegithina tiphia Common Iora LC 2 1 19 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal LC 1 1 20 Turdoides striata Jungle Babbler LC 12 4 21 Turdoides affinis Yellow-billed Babbler LC 2 22 Copsychus saularis Oriental magpie robin LC 1 2 23 Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater LC 2 24 Pericrocotus flammeus Orange Minivet LC 1 25 Chrysocolaptes guttacristatus Greater Flameback LC 2 26 Artamus fuscus Ashy swallow LC 2

15 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Table 4: List of Butterflies recorded in the study area

Scientific name Common Name Status FN AN

1 Troides minos Southern Birdwing LC 2 1

2 Papilio polymnestor Blue Mormon LC 1 2

3 Papilio polytes Common Mormon LC 2 1

4 Pachliopta aristolochiae Common Rose LC 2

5 Appias albina Common Albatross LC 1 1

6 Euploe core Common Indian Crow LC 3

7 Junonia iphita Chocolate Pansy LC 3

8 Eurema hecabe Common Grass Yellow LC 4 2

9 Tirumala limniace Blue Tiger LC 3 2

10 Captopsilia pomona Common emigrant LC 2 2

11 Jamides celeno Common cerulean LC 5 2

12 Neptis hylas Common Sailer LC 4 1

13 Papilio buddha Malabar Banded Peacock LC 3 1

14 Hypolimnas misippus Danaid eggfly LC 1

15 Delias eucharis Common jezebel LC 1 1

16 Ypthima huebneri Common Four-ring LC 2

16 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

PART II

Vegetation characteristics

The place is with patch of vegetation, surrounded by coconut plantations. The floristic analysis of the place is given as tables. Shannon & Weiner diversity index of species in different plots were also analysed and the seventeenth plot was with high diversity (H’=1.255) of the twenty plots analysed (Figure.9). The Bray-Curtis cluster analysis demonstrated the species composition in different habitats was found to be different (Figure.10).

Table 5. List of trees observed from the study area

No Scientific Names Family Local Name No. of Individuals

1 Xylia xylocarpa Fabaceae /Mimosoideae Irupoll 64

2 Macaranga peltata Euphorbiaceae Vatta 50

3 Cleistanthus collinus Euphorbiaceae Oduk 42

4 paniculata Maruth 39

5 Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Teak 30

6 Mallotus philippensis Euphorbiaceae Sindhooram 26

7 tiliifolia Tiliaceae Chadachi 23

8 Melia dubia Meliaceae Malavepu 20

9 Lannea coromandelica Anacardiaeae 19

10 Polyalthia cerasoides Annonaceae Kanakam 18

11 Dalbergia lanceolaria Fabaceae /Papilionoideae Karinthakara 16

12 Bombax ceiba Bombacaceae Ilavu 14

13 Schleichera oleosa Sapindaceae Poovam 14

14 Morinda pubescens Rubiaceae Manjapavatta 13

15 Albizia sps. Fabaceae /Mimosoideae Karivaka 11

16 Gliricidia sepium Fabaceae/Papilionoideae Sheemakaonna 11

17 Anogeissus latifolia Combretaceae 10

18 Cassia fistula Fabaceae/Caesalpinioideae Kanikonna 9

17 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

19 Trema orientalis Ulmaceae 7

20 Premna tomentosa Verbenaceae 7

21 Ficus exasperata Moraceae Parakam 6

22 Stereospermum colais Bignoniaceae Paathiri 6

23 Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae Kudakappala 5

24 Holoptelea integrifolia Ulmaceae 5

25 Phyllanthus emblica Euphorbiaceae Nelli 5 Kattumandhara 26 Bauhinia racemosa Fabaceae/Caesalpinioideae m 4

27 Racosperma auriculiforme Fabaceae /Mimosoideae Acasia 4

28 Dalbergia latifolia Fabaceae/Papilionoideae Veeti 4

29 Ailanthus triphysa Simaroubaceae Matti 4

30 Naringi crenulata Rutaceae Katnarakam 4

31 Zanthoxylum rhetsa Rutaceae 3

32 Tamarindus indica Fabaceae/ Caesalpinioideae Valanpuli 3

33 Haldina cordifolia Rubiaceae 3

34 Bombax insigne Bombacaceae Ilavu 3

35 Dillenia pentagyna Dilleniaceae Vazhapunna 3

36 Terminalia elliptica Combretaceae Karimaruth 3

37 Alangium salviifolium Alanginaceae Angolam 2

38 Un-identified species Anacardiaeae 2

39 Strychnos nux-vomica Loganiaceae Kanjiram 2

40 Ficus callosa Moraceae Appa 2

41 Terminalia bellirica Combretaceae Thanni 1

42 Sapindus trifoliatus Sapindaceae 1

43 Pterospermum reticulatum Sterculiaceae Venga 1

44 Sterculia guttata Sterculiaceae 1

45 Albizia lebbeck Fabaceae /Mimosoideae Karivaka 1

18 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

46 Cochlospermum religiosum Cochlospermaceae Appakadukka 1

47 Lagerstroemia microcarpa Lythraceae Vennilavu 1

48 Toona ciliata Meliaceae 1

49 Streblus asper Euphorbiaceae Parikk 1

50 Hymenodictyon orixense Rubiaceae 1

51 Briedelia retusa Euphorbiaceae Mulluvenga 1

52 Tabernaemontana alternifolia Apocynaceae Pala 1

53 Meliaceae Aryavepu 1

54 Careya arborea Lecythidaceae Pezhu 1

55 Cocos nucifera Palmae Thengu 1

Table 6. List of trees observed and the Number of individuals in first ten plots

No of individuals in each plot No. Species 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 Xylia xylocarpa 6 8 5 10 2 2 2 4 0 0 2 Macaranga peltata 3 7 0 0 0 0 0 2 14 3 3 Cleistanthus collinus 1 0 2 0 3 3 1 3 0 1 4 Terminalia paniculata 1 5 4 3 4 4 4 0 1 5 5 Tectona grandis 0 0 0 4 2 2 0 0 0 10 6 Mallotus philippensis 0 2 1 5 3 3 3 0 0 3 7 Grewia tiliifolia 0 0 0 2 2 2 1 3 0 1 8 Melia dubia 6 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 Lannea coromandelica 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 10 Polyalthia cerasoides 1 1 1 2 2 1 6 2 0 0 11 Dalbergia lanceolaria 4 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 3 1 12 Bombax ceiba 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 13 Schleichera oleosa 0 0 2 0 3 2 3 2 0 0 14 Morinda pubescens 4 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 Albizia sps. 1 1 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 Gliricidia sepium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

19 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

17 Anogeissus latifolia 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 18 Cassia fistula 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 19 Trema orientalis 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4

20 Premna tomentosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 21 Ficus exasperata 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 Stereospermum colais 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 23 Holarrhena pubescens 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

24 Holoptelea integrifolia 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 Phyllanthus emblica 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 0 0 26 Bauhinia racemosa 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 Racosperma auriculiforme 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 Dalbergia latifolia 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 29 Ailanthus triphysa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 Naringi crenulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 Zanthoxylum rhetsa 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 32 Tamarindus indica 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 33 Haldina cordifolia 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 34 Bombax insigne 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 35 Dillenia pentagyna 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 36 Terminalia elliptica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 Alangium salviifolium 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 Un-identified species 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 39 Strychnos nux-vomica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 40 Ficus callosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 41 Terminalia bellirica 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 42 Sapindus trifoliatus 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 43 Pterospermum reticulatum 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 44 Sterculia guttata 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 45 Albizia lebbeck 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46 Cochlospermum religiosum 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 47 Lagerstroemia microcarpa 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 48 Toona ciliata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 49 Streblus asper 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 50 Hymenodictyon orixense 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

20 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

51 Briedelia retusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

52 Tabernaemontana alternifolia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 53 Azadirachta indica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 54 Careya arborea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 55 Cocos nucifera 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Total 37 46 27 33 28 26 30 24 19 31

Table 6. List of trees observed and the Number of individuals in remaining ten plots

No of individuals in each plot Sl. 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Total No. Species 0 0 0 0 7 8 5 5 0 0 64 1 Xylia xylocarpa 0 1 10 9 0 0 0 1 0 0 50 2 Macaranga peltata 0 0 0 2 1 4 6 4 11 0 42 3 Cleistanthus collinus 0 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 2 2 40 4 Terminalia paniculata 6 0 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 5 Tectona grandis 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 0 0 26 6 Mallotus philippensis 0 0 0 0 3 3 5 1 0 0 23 7 Grewia tiliifolia 0 0 0 0 4 0 3 2 0 0 20 8 Melia dubia 0 0 0 0 2 6 3 2 1 0 19 9 Lannea coromandelica 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 18 10 Polyalthia cerasoides 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 16 11 Dalbergia lanceolaria 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 1 0 1 14 12 Bombax ceiba 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 15 13 Schleichera oleosa 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 13 14 Morinda pubescens 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 11 15 Albizia sps. 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 3 0 0 11 16 Gliricidia sepium 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 10 17 Anogeissus latifolia 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 18 Cassia fistula 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 7 19 Trema orientalis 0 0 0 0 3 0 2 0 0 1 7 20 Premna tomentosa

21 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 6 21 Ficus exasperata 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 6 22 Stereospermum colais 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 5 23 Holarrhena pubescens 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 5 24 Holoptelea integrifolia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 25 Phyllanthus emblica 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 4 26 Bauhinia racemosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 4 27 Racosperma auriculiforme 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 4 28 Dalbergia latifolia 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 29 Ailanthus triphysa 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 4 30 Naringi crenulata 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 3 31 Zanthoxylum rhetsa 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 32 Tamarindus indica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 33 Haldina cordifolia 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 34 Bombax insigne 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3 35 Dillenia pentagyna 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 3 36 Terminalia elliptica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 37 Alangium salviifolium 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 38 Un-identified species 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 39 Strychnos nux-vomica 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 40 Ficus callosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 41 Terminalia bellirica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 42 Sapindus trifoliatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 43 Pterospermum reticulatum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 44 Sterculia guttata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 45 Albizia lebbeck 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 46 Cochlospermum religiosum 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 47 Lagerstroemia microcarpa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 48 Toona ciliata 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 49 Streblus asper

22 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 50 Hymenodictyon orixense 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 51 Briedelia retusa 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 52 Tabernaemontana alternifolia 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 53 Azadirachta indica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 54 Careya arborea 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 55 Cocos nucifera 8 9 19 16 36 31 51 29 27 8 535 Total Table 7. Shannon & Wiener diversity index (H’) index of tree species in different plots

Plot No H’ Plot 17 1.255 Plot 2 1.137 Plot 1 1.114 Plot 18 1.098 Plot 7 1.086 Plot 6 1.073 Plot 8 1.060 Plot 15 1.059 Plot 3 1.057 Plot 5 1.049 Plot 4 0.938 Plot 19 0.909 Plot 16 0.867 Plot 20 0.828 Plot 13 0.645 Plot 12 0.636 Plot 14 0.540 Plot 10 0.359 Plot 9 0.359 Plot 11 0.319

23 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Shannon Index Results 1.5

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 Sample 4 Sample 5 1.0 Sample 6 Sample 7 Sample 8 Sample 9

Value Sample 10 Sample 11 Sample 12 0.5 Sample 13 Sample 14 Sample 15 Sample 16 Sample 17 Sample 18 Sample 19 0.0 Sample 20 0 5 10 15 20 Sample

Figure 9. Shannon diversity index of trees of the study area

Figure 10. Bray Curtis Cluster diagram to show the similarity of trees at different sampling locations

24 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Species Richness 60

50

40

30

Number of Species 20

10

0 0 5 10 15 20 Pooled Samples

Figure 11. Species accumulation curve of trees in the study area

Table 8.Descriptive statists of tree species in different plots

Mean Standard Total Total Individuals Deviation Individuals Species Maximum 0.673 1.402 37 17 6 Plot 1 0.836 1.73 46 19 8 Plot 2 0.491 1.086 27 14 5 Plot 3 0.6 1.651 33 12 10 Plot 4 0.509 1.052 28 12 4 Plot 5

Plot 6 0.473 0.959 26 13 4

Plot 7 0.545 1.168 30 15 6

Plot 8 0.436 0.918 24 13 4 0.345 1.927 19 4 14 Plot 9 0.564 1.653 31 11 10 Plot 10 0.145 0.826 8 3 6 Plot 11 0.164 0.601 9 5 3 Plot 12 0.345 1.43 19 7 10 Plot 13 0.291 1.301 16 5 9 Plot 14

25 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

0.655 1.468 36 15 7 Plot 15 0.564 1.572 31 9 8 Plot 16 0.927 1.514 51 22 6 Plot 17 0.527 1.086 29 15 5 Plot 18

Plot 19 0.491 1.574 27 13 11

Plot 20 0.145 0.405 8 7 2

Table 9. List of Herbs observed from the study area

Sl. Species Family Local name No. 1 Achyranthes aspera Amaranthaceae Vankadaladi 2 Allmania nodiflora Amaranthaceae Vellacheera 3 Alysicarpus vaginalis Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) 4 Amaranthus spinosus Amaranthaceae Mullancheera 5 Barleria sps. Acanthaceae 6 Biophytum sensitivum Oxalidaceae Nilamthengu 7 Catharanthus pusillus Apocynaceae Kapavila 8 Cleome monophylla Capparaceae Kattukaduk 9 Cleome viscosa Capparaceae Kattukaduk 10 Corchorus sps. Tiliaceae 11 Crotalaria evolvuloides Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) 12 Croton hirtus Euphorbiaceae 13 Cyathula prostrata Amaranthaceae Cherukadaladi 14 Desmodium triflorum Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Cherupulladi 15 Euphorbia hirta Euphorbiaceae Nilappala 16 Euphorbia thymifolia Euphorbiaceae Nilappala 17 Glinus oppositifolius Molluginaceae Kaipujeerakam 18 Heliotropium rottleri Boraginaceae 19 Microstachys chamaelea Euphorbiaceae 20 Mimosa pudica Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Thottavadi 21 Naregamia alata Meliaceae Nilanarakam 22 Oldenlandia auricularia Rubiaceae Erachiketti

26 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

23 Orthosiphon thymiflorus Lamiaceae 24 Osbeckia muralis Melastomataceae Cherukulathi 25 Phyllanthus amarus Euphorbiaceae Kizharnelli 26 Phyllanthus urinaria Euphorbiaceae Chuvannakizharnelli 27 Portulaca oleracea Portulacaceae Kozhuppa 28 Pouzolzia sps. Urticaceae 29 Rungia sps. Acanthaceae 30 Sida alnifolia Kurumthotti 31 Sida cordata Malvaceae Vallikurumthotti 32 Spermacoce sps. Rubiaceae Tharthaval 33 Synedrella nodiflora Asteraceae 34 Tephrosia sps. Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Kalakombu 35 Vernonia sps. Asteraceae Poovamkurunnu 36 Alloteropsis sps. Poaceae 37 Amorphophallus sps. Araceae Kattuchena 38 Axonopus compressus Poaceae Buffalo grass 39 Brachiaria sps. Poaceae 40 Chrysopogon aciculatus Poaceae Asthrappullu 41 Commelina sps. Commelinaceae 42 Curculigo orchioides Hypoxidaceae Nilappana 43 Cymbopogon sps. Poaceae Theruvappullu 44 Cynodon sps. Poaceae Karukappullu 45 Cyperus sps. Cyperaceae 46 Cyrtococcum sps. Poaceae 47 Dactyloctenium aegyptium Poaceae Kavarapullu 48 Digitaria sps. Poaceae 49 Eleusine indica Poaceae Kattuthina 50 Fimbristylis sps. Cyperaceae Chooth 51 Heteropogon contortus Poaceae 52 Ischaemum sps. Poaceae 53 Kyllinga sps. Cyperaceae 54 Pancratium triflorum Amaryllidaceae Kattulli 55 Panicum brevifolium Poaceae 56 Pennisetum polystachyon Poaceae Pothapullu 57 Rhopalephora scaberrima Commelinaceae

27 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

58 Scleria sps. Cyperaceae 59 Themeda sps. Poaceae Table 10. List of shrubs observed from the study area

Sl. Species Family Local name No. 1 Abelmoschus angulosus Malvaceae Kattuvenda 2 Antidesma alexiteria Euphorbiaceae 3 Breynia retusa Euphorbiaceae Kattuniruri

4 Breynia vitis-idaea Euphorbiaceae Kattuniruri 5 Canthium rheedei Rubiaceae Kara 6 Capsicum frutescens Solanaceae Kanthari 7 Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae Malankara 8 Chromolaena ordorata Asteraceae Communist pacha 9 Clerodendrum indicum Verbenaceae 10 Crotalaria pallida Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Kilikki 11 Dendrophthoe sps. Loranthaceae Ithil 12 Embelia tsjeriam-cottam Myrsinaceae 13 Ficus hispida Moraceae Therakam 14 Flueggea leucopyrus Euphorbiaceae Vellamullaram 15 Glycosmis pentaphylla Rutaceae Panal 16 Helicteres isora Sterculiaceae Idampiri 17 Hibiscus hispidissimus Malvaceae Panchakam 18 Hibiscus surattensis Malvaceae Panchakam 19 Hyptis suaveolens Lamiaceae Naippalla 20 Jatropha curcas Euphorbiaceae Kadalavanakk 21 Justicia adhatoda Acanthaceae Adalodakam 22 Lantana camara Verbenaceae Kongini 23 Leea indica Leeaceae Choriyanthali 24 Murraya koenigii Rutaceae Karivepu 25 Mussaenda frondosa Rubiaceae Vellila 26 Phyllanthus reticulatus Euphorbiaceae Kattuniruri 27 Pseudarthria viscida Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Moovila 28 Rauvolfia serpentina Apocynaceae Amalpori 29 Sauropus quadrangularis Euphorbiaceae Punnamuringa

28 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

30 Senna tora Fabaceae(Caesalpinioideae) Thakara 31 Sida cordifolia Malvaceae Anakurumthotti 32 Triumfetta sps. Tiliaceae Urppam 33 Urena lobata Malvaceae Urppama 34 Waltheria indica Sterculiaceae

Table 11. List of Climbers observed from the study area

Sl. Species Family Local name No: 1 Abrus pulchellus Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Kattukunni 2 Acacia caesia Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Incha 3 Ampelocissus tomentosa Vitaceae 4 Aristolochia indica Aristolochiaceae Garudakkodi 5 Caesalpinia mimosoides Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) Elimullu 6 Calopogonium mucunoides Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Kattupayar 7 Calycopteris floribunda Combretaceae Pullani 8 Canavalia sps. Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Kattuvalamara 9 Cardiospermum halicacabum Sapindaceae Valliyuzhinja 10 Centrosema molle Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Kattupayar 11 Cissampelos pareira Menispermaceae Karanakodi 12 Cissus vitiginea Vitaceae Kattumundhiri 13 Cosmostigma racemosum Asclepiadaceae Vattolum 14 Cryptolepis buchananii Periplocaceae Palvalli 15 Cyclea peltata Menispermaceae Padakizhang 16 Diplocyclos palmatus Cucurbitaceae Neyyunni 17 Hemidesmus indicus Periplocaceae Naruneendi 18 Ichnocarpus frutescens Apocynaceae Palvalli 19 Ipomoea pes-tigridis Convolvulaceae Poochakal valli 20 Jasminum coarctatum Oleaceae Kattumulla 21 Merremia vitifolia Convolvulaceae Manjakolambi Dhridharashtrapp 22 Mikania micrantha Asteraceae acha 23 Mimosa diplotricha Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) Aanathottavadi 24 Mukia maderaspatana Cucurbitaceae Mukkappera

29 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

25 Naravelia zeylanica Ranunculaceae Vathakodi 26 Passiflora foetida Passifloraceae 27 Pergularia sps. Asclepiadaceae 28 Pueraria phaseoloides Fabaceae (Papilionoideae) Kattupayar 29 Spatholobus parviflorus Fabaceae (Caesalpinioideae) 30 Tinospora cordifolia Menispermaceae Amrithu 31 Tinospora sinensis Menispermaceae Amrithu 32 Tragia sps. Euphorbiaceae Kodithoova 33 Tylophora indica Asclepiadaceae Vallippala 34 Tylophora sps. Asclepiadaceae 35 Un-identified species Convolvulaceae 36 Xenostegia tridentata Convolvulaceae Prasarani 37 Ziziphus oenoplia Rhamnaceae Thodali 38 Dioscorea bulbifera Dioscoreaceae Kattukachil 39 Dioscorea pentaphylla Dioscoreaceae Kattukachil 40 Dioscorea wallichii Dioscoreaceae Kattukizhangu

30 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Plant composition

The vegetation of the study area was subdivided into 10×10 m plots for the analysis of tree composition, with a subdivision of this area into 5 m ×5 m and 1m ×1 m for analysis of shrub and herb composition randomly as per the standard methodology. Totally one hundred and eighty eight species of identified from the study area and the representation of these species composition indicates that, this vegetation belongs to moist deciduous type vegetation. Out of these fifty five were species of trees, thirty four were species of shrubs, forty were species of climbers and fifty nine species of herbs were noted.

The area is a remote village side, next to a forest area. The area also looked like a natural deciduous forest. Xylia xylocarpa was the dominant species of tree observed in the area and this species alone constituted 11 % of all individuals of trees there. Available 50 % of the individuals of trees were identified as was Macaranga peltata. Whereas 14% of the trees were belonging to Cleistanthus collinus. No Gymnosperms could observe in the area.

Dominant species of climbers noted in the area were Mikania micrantha, Caesalpinia mimosoides, Calopogonium mucunoides and Dioscorea wallichii. In the case of shrubs, Chromolaena odorata, Pseudarthria viscida, Mussaenda frondosa and Hyptis suaveolens were the most dominant species of shrubs observed in the area. Dominant species of herb noticed in the area were Naregamia alata, Spermacoce sps., Cleome viscosa, and Microstachys chamaelea. Dominant species of grass noted in the area were Axonopus compressus, Cynodon sps. and Brachiaria sps.

The area showed a wide broad spectrum of diversity of plants. There the plant diversity was high. Since the area is adjacent to the forest plants from the forest might entered the area. No significant plant species could observe in the area, but the area is a good habitat for plants and animals.

The following species of trees should be planted in the mining area as a measure to balancing the consequences of mining. Kleinhovia hospita, Magnolia champaca, Diospyros buxifolia, Diospyros discolor, Ficus benjamina, Schleichera oleosa, Mangifera indica, Cinnamomum malabatrum, Cinnamomum verum, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Artocarpus hirsutus, Olea dioica, Vateria indica, Holigarna arnottiana, Syzygium cumini, Mallotus philippensis, Mimusops elengi, Vatica chinensis etc

31 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Remarks

Field survey technique Suggested minimum Applied Effort achieved & applied Effort comments Amphibians Systematic day habitat One hour per Yes Nil search stratification unit Night habitat search for 30 minutes Not employed watery, damp sites Nocturnal call playback On playback Not employed Night water source search Two hrs /200 m Not employed water body edge

Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum Effort Diurnal birds Area search Species time curve Yes 12 species have been approach observed Point count 10mins count Yes Point counts done at various locations of the plot. Vantage point 15 mins count Yes 26 species have been recorded count all together Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum given Effort Mammals Sherman’s traps 10 Not employed Hair tubes 15 Not employed Indirect signs scats No and signs Predator scats NA

32 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum Effort Shrubs Quadrat sampling 10 samples 10 samples Overall distribution observed

Field survey Suggested Applied Effort achieved & comments technique applied minimum Effort Herbs Quadrat sampling 10 samples 10 samples Overall distribution observed

Conclusion

The proposed location is a rocky sloppy area, interspersed with many trees, shrubs, bushes, open rock and grass patch habitat. The proposed area was isolated from human habitation, and has yielded many species of animals and birds during the survey period. The presence of near the proposed area made the site with high diversity in terms of animal diversity .

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the Rapid Biodiversity Assessment, the team would like to make recommendations as mentioned hereunder:

The proposed quarry mining might not make serious impact on the vegetation and related fauna at this location. There is no biodiversity rich habitat present inside the site. The recorded diversity of the fauna and flora could be because of edge effect. However, precaution should be taken to preserve the natural equilibrium around the areas which is likely to get altered due to the proposed operations.

33 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha

Native Trees to be planted at the belt

Sl. No. Scientific name Common name 1 Anogeissus latifolia Mazhukanjiram 2 Terminalia arjuna Neermaruthu 3 Dalbergia latifolia Eeti 4 Sterculia villosa Para Vakka 5 Butea monosperma Chamatha 6 Bombax ceiba Elavu 7 Dillenia pentagyna Pattipunna 9 Grewia tiliifolia Unnam, Chadachi 10 Alstonia scholaris Eazhilam pala 11 Holarrhena antidysenterica Kudakapala 12 Wrightia tinctoria Danthapala 13 Tabernaemontana heyneana Koonanpala 14 Mimusops elengi Elanji 15 Mimusops sp Mala Elanji 16 Schleichera oleosa Poovam 17 Litsea coriacea Vettithali 18 Chionanthus mala-elengi Elanji 19 Tamarindus indica Puli 20 Wrightia sp Kambi Pala 21 Ficus benghalensis Aal 22 Ficus mysorensis Aal 23 Ficus callosa Aal

Grass species such as Vetivera zizanoides, Ramacham act as a pioneer species for the saplings to come up and to prevent soil erosion.

Acknowledgement The Rapid Biodiversity Assessment team would like to extend heartfelt gratitude to the proprietor for offering us the opportunity to explore the area of nature with good cause. He has been very instrumental and supportive when a developmental activity shadows the survival of

34 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha the wild animals in the interest of community. The team would also like to thank, the staffs of MES Mampad College for preparing tour program and fantastic logistic arrangement.

Bio-Sketch of Authors

Dr. Anoop Das, is an Assistant Professor at Centre for Conservation Ecology & Dept of Zoology, at M.E.S Mampad College, . He serves as a Visiting Professor at the Leshan Normal University, . He has written 65 publications in various national and international journals and has bagged more than 28 national and international grants/awards. He is a Member of IUCN/SSC - South Asian Invertebrate Specialist Group since 2016. He had carried out related field research works in United Kingdom, South Korea, United States of America, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, China, Malaysia, Singapore, , Philippines, Indonesia and .

Dr. Prasanth Narayanan S, is a Research Associate at Advanced Centre of Environmental Studied and Sustainable devolvement & Inter university centre of (Environmental sciences), MG University, Kottayam, Kerala. He has a Doctorate from the School of Environmental Sciences. He introduced five new earthworm taxa to science. He has written one book, 52 research articles in scientific journals, apart from number of popular articles in Malayalam magazines and presented 18 papers in national and international conferences.

Mr. Sojan Thomas is a Research associate and final year PhD scholar at University of Calicut and has published widely in various national and international journals. He has been trained from various national and international agencies before he joined the team at Centre for conservation Ecology.

35 Fauna And Flora Assessment- Mr. M.H. Abdul Noushad, Re Survey Block No. 72, Re Survey Nos 158/1, 158/2, 158/3, 159/1, Venganallor Village, Thalappilly Taluk, Thrissur District. of 3.2299 Ha