A Conimbriga Urbe Ad Orbem from Coimbra to the World

A CONIMBRIGA URBE AD ORBEM FROM COIMBRA TO THE WORLD

An Exhibition of Early Printed Works Biblioteca Joanina July 7th to September 30th 2016

The first Jesuits arrived at Coimbra in 1540, in response to King John III's request to Ignatius of Loyola for priests destined to the Indian Missions. They were Simon Rodrigues, Paul Camerte and Francis Xavier. The Portuguese Rodrigues stayed and laid the foundations of the Portuguese Province of the Order, while Paul and Xavier departed for the East.

In 1542 the Company created a College in Coimbra, the first of a network of similar institutions, which covered the whole world. The College was designed for the training of missionaries, as Portugal, with the exclusive of its Padroado, wanted and needed. We evoke with these few names the thousands of Brothers and Fathers who were formed in, or having just passed through Coimbra, spread around the world. The College of Coimbra was an irradiation point for "Culture, Science and Worship".

Index:

India Francis Xavier, 1506-1552 Jasper Bartzoen, 1515-1553 Antonio Criminale, 1520-1549 António Francisco, 1553-1583 Vicente Álvares, 1579-1606 João de Brito (Arul Anandar), 1647-1693 Manuel de Figueiredo, 1688- ? Manuel de Sá, 1658-1728 Indochina Diego Carvalho, 1578-1624 Francis de Pina, 1585?-1625 Christoforo Borri, 1583-1632 João de Loureiro, 1710?-1791 China and Tibet Matteo Ricci (Li Madou), 1552-1610 António de Gouveia (He Dahua), 1592?-1677 Gabriel de Magalhães (An Wensi), 1610-1677 Ferdinand Verbiest (Nan Huairen), 1623-1688 Thomas Pereira (Xu Risheng), 1645-1708 Martino Martini (Wei Kuangguo), 1614-1661 Antoine Thomas (Anduo Pingshi), 1644-1709 Joseph Soares (Su Lin), 1656-1736 António de Andrade, 1580-1634 Japan Melchior Nunes Barreto (Ba Laiduo), ca. 1520-1571 João Rodrigues Girão, 1558?-1629 Sebastian Vieira (Wei Aila), 1572-1634 Francisco Borges Pacheco, 1565-1626 João Batista Machado, 1582-1617 Africa Gonçalo da Silveira, 1521 ou 1523-1561 Diogo de Matos, 1588-1633? Andrés de Oviedo, 1518?-1577 , 1517-1562 Brazil Manuel da Nóbrega, 1519-1570 Inácio de Azevedo, ca. 1526-1570 Joseph of Anchieta, 1534-1597 Pedro Dias, 1621-1700 Simão Marques, 1684-1766

India

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manuscript ( manuscript

BGUC Ms.1090 BGUC

Vocabulario da lingua malavarica lingua da Vocabulario India, 1732) India, of Detail

As soon as he arrived, in 1543, Francis Xavier founded a school. However, the main Jesuit College in India, St. Paul's, next to the Seminary of the Holy Faith in Goa, wasn't founded until 1548. According to Father Simon Rodrigues, this "should be transformed into a second Coimbra, a University of the Order for Philosophy and Theology".

The Jesuits created a Northern Province, Goa, and a Southern one, Malabar. After 1526, there grew in northern India the Muslim Empire of Akbhar, relatively tolerant to different religions. The Jesuits were also able to settle in Agra, the capital of this Mughal Empire.

Saint Francis Xavier, 1506-1552 João de Lucena, 1550-1600 Historia da vida do Padre Francisco de Xavier e do que fizerão na India os mais religiosos da Companhia de Jesu. Em Lisboa : per Pedro Crasbeek, 1600. BGUC RB-37-9

Jasper Bartzoen, 1515-1553 Giovanni Pietro Maffei, S.J., 1533-1603 ... Historiarvm Indicarvm libri XVI : Selectarvm item ex India epistolarum... Florentiae : apud Philippum Junctam, 1588. BGUC S.P.-Z-14-3

Protomartyr Antonio Criminale, 1520-1549 Daniello Bartoli, 1608-1685 Dell' Historia della compagnia di Giesv L'Asia. In Roma : nella stamperia d'Ignatio de' Lazzeri, 1653. BGUC 1-11-11-307

Blessed António Francisco, 1553-1583 Daniello Bartoli, 1608-1685 Missione al Gran Mogor del Padre Ridolfo [sic] Aquaviva della Compagnia de Giesu : sua vita e morte, e d'altri quattro compagni uccisi in odio della Fede in Salsete di Goa. Roma : Dalla Stamperia di Gio. Maria Salvioni, 1714. BGUC R-74-37

Martyr Vincent Álvares, 1579-1606 Bartolomeu Guerreiro, 1564-1642 Gloriosa coroa d'esforçados religiosos da Companhia de Iesu mortos polla fe catholica... Em lisboa : por Antonio Alvarez, 1642. BGUC R-40-8

Saint John de Brito (Arul Anandar), 1647-1693 Jean Marie Prat, 1809-1891 Historia de la vida y martirio del beato Juan de Britto ... muerto en odio de la fe en el reino de Marava, escrito en francés. Madrid : Imprenta, Fundaci y Librería de D. Eusebio Aguado, 1854. BGUC 7-40-2-115

Manuel de Figueiredo, 1688- ? Manuel de Figueiredo, S.J., 1688- ? Sermam de acçam de graças pela victoria q. alcançou o ... vice-rey e capitam general da India do Bonsulo, inimigo do estado, em 5 de mayo de 1746. Lisboa : off. de Francisco da Silva, 1747. BGUC Misc. 270, Nº 4491

Manuel de Sá, 1658-1728 Manuel Caetano de Sousa, 1658-1734 Elogio funebre do ... Padre Manoel de Sá, da Companhia de Jesu... “Collecçam dos documentos, estatutos, e memorias da Academia Real da Historia Portugueza”. Lisboa, Vol. XIII (1728), Num. XIII. BGUC S.P.-Ab-7-9

Indochina

historiae historiae

Tunchinensis

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BGUC 1 BGUC

(Lyon, 1652) (Lyon, in coast Chinese the and Vietnam) (northern Tonkin The

Beginning in the sixteenth century, the Portuguese frequented the territory they called Cochinchina, composed of Vietnam, Cambodia, Siam (now Thailand) and Pegu (now Myanmar).

Mendes Pinto travelled there and Luís de Camões shipwrecked in the Mekong delta. But Jesuit penetration in the region only began in 1615 with missions in Cambodia and Tonkin (northern Vietnam), only made possible by the resources diverted from the persecuted mission to Japan by Visitor André Palmeiro, a former professor at Coimbra.

Blessed Diogo Carvalho, 1578-1624 Manuel Ferreira, S.J., 1630-1699 Noticias summarias das perseguições da missam de Cochinchina, principiada, & continuada pelos padres da Companhia de Jesu. Em Lisboa : na Officina de Miguel Manescal, impressor do Santo Officio : impresso à sua custa, 1700. BGUC V.T.-8-1-8

Francis de Pina, 1585?-1625 Alexandre de Rhodes, S.J., 1591-1660 Tvnchinensis historiae... altero mirables evangelicae predicationis progressus referentur... Lugduni : Ioan. Bapt. Devenet, 1652. BGUC 1-(1)-11-4

Christopher Borri, 1583-1632 Cristoforo Borri, 1583-1632 Collecta astronomica, ex doctrina P. Christophori Borri, Mediolanensis, ex Societate Iesu. De tribus caelis, Aereo, Sydereo, Empyreo. Iussu, et studio... Ulysipone : apud Matthiam Rodrigues, 1631 (Em Lisboa : por Matias Rodrigues, 1629). BGUC RB-34-10

John de Loureiro, 1710?-1791 João de Loureiro, S.J., 1710?-1791 Observationes astronomicae. “Memorias de Mathematica e Physica da Acad. das Sciencias de Lisboa”. Lisboa, t. 3, 2ª parte (1814), p. 1-6. BGUC A-29-31

China and Tibet

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, according to Du Halde (Paris, 1735) (Paris, Halde Du to ,according

Beijing Observatory Beijing

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The number of Jesuits in China was never as large as in India or in Malabar, but their quality was certainly higher. And most of them came from Coimbra.

The Portuguese Padroado to some extent protected the Jesuits' penetration in China, via Macao, while the Company's approach of displaying Western science and technology granted access to the Emperor and the Chinese ruling classes and therefore the protection of the missions scattered all over China.

This worked well until other Orders (and other countries), who also coveted access to China, intrigued with the Pope over the Jesuit accommodatio and imitatio, raising the so called Chinese Rites controversy.

Matteo Ricci (Li Madou), 1552-1610 Matteo Ricci, S.J., 1552-1610 De christiana expeditione apud Sinas suscepta ab Societate Iesu … libri V … Lugduni : sumptibus Horatii Cardon : [ex typographeio Ioannis Iullieron], 1616. BGUC 1-8-3-206

António de Gouveia (He Dahua), 1592?-1677 António de Gouveia, S.J., 1592?-1677 Innocentia victrix sive Sententia Comitiorum Imperii Sinici Pro innocentia Christianae religionis lata juridicè per annum 1669. In Quam Cheu metropoli provinciae Quam tum in Regno Sinarum [i.e. Guangzhou] : [s.n.], 1671. Encadern. chinesa em seda lavrada. BGUC Cofre 38

Gabriel de Magalhães (An Wensi), 1610-1677 Gabriel de Magalhães, S.J., 1609-1677 Nouvelle relation de la Chine contenant la description des particularités les plus considérables de ce grand empire. Paris : Claude Barbin, 1688. BGUC V.T.-7-6-20

Ferdinand Verbiest (Nan Huairen), 1623-1688 Antoine Thomas, S.J., 1644-1709 Carta acerca de la muerte del Padre Fernando Verbiest... In: Phillipe Couplet, 1624-1693 - Historia de vna gran señora, christiana de la China, llamada doña Candida Hiù... En Madrid : En la Imprenta de Antonio Roman, 1691. P. 216-246. BGUC 4-2-24-3

Thomas Pereira (Xu Risheng or Xu Moude), 1645-1708 Fernão de Queirós, S.J., 1617-1688 Conquista temporal e espiritual de Ceylão. 1ª ed. Colombo : H. C. Cottle, 1916. BGUC 9-(4)-3-5-1

Martino Martini (Wei Kuangguo), 1614-1661 Martino Martini, S.J., 1614-1661 Atlas nuevo de la extrema Asia, o Descripcion geographica del Imperio de los Chinas [Material cartográfico]. A Amsterdam : en costa y en casa de Juan Blaeu, 1659. BGUC 4 A-20-10-7

Antoine Thomas (Anduo Pingshi), 1644-1709 Longitvdes d’Avignon et de Conimbre déterminées sur les observations faites… «Journal des Sçavants». Paris (1679), p. 30-31. BGUC 10-46-1

Joseph Soares (Su Lin), 1656-1736 José Soares, S.J., 1656-1736 La libertad de la ley de Dios, en el Imperio de la China. Lisboa : off. de Miguel Deslandes, 1696. BGUC 1-11-13-68

António de Andrade, 1580-1634 Manuel da Veiga, S.J. Relaçam geral do estado da christandade de Ethiopia ... & do que de nouo socedeo no descobrime[n]to do Thybet, a que chamam, gram Catayo. Em Lisboa : por Mattheus Pinheiro, 1628. BGUC R-1-8

Japan

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Europe (Coimbra, 1570) (Coimbra, Europe in printed and (barely) executed characters Japanese first The

In Macao, in 1589, Edward de Sande wrote about the Jesuits in Japan: "We know the name of Coimbra (...) appears frequently in the conversation of the Fathers of the Society of Jesus and the pleasant nostalgia and memories of that College, where many of them were educated, are repeatedly evoked".*

The first missionaries to Japan were from Coimbra, and here came to study Bernardo of Kagoshima ( ? -1557), the first Japanese to set foot on European soil. Also in Coimbra were printed for the first time in Europe the characters of a text in Japanese (1570). On its return to Japan the Tenshō embassy stayed here, from here was sent to Japan the first European library and perhaps the first Western printing press ever used in that country.

* “Vrbis Conimbricae nomen (...) crebris usurpatum sermonibus a patribus Societatis, scimus, collegiique Conimbricensis, in quo multi ex illis educati sunt, iucundum saepe desiderium memoriamque renouari.” (Duarte de Sande – De missione… Colloqvivm trigesimum primum, 1589).

Melchior (or Belchior) Nunes Barreto (Ba Laiduo), ca. 1520-1571 Fernão Mendes Pinto, 1514?-1583 Peregrinaçam … Em Lisboa : por Pedro Crasbeeck : a custa de Belchior de Faria, 1614. BGUC 1-6-22-500

João Rodrigues Girão, 1558?-1629 João Rodrigues Girão, 1558-1633, e outro Litterae Iaponicae anni MDCVI Chinenses anni MDCVI & MDCVII... Antuerpiae : Ex Officina Plantiniana : apud Viduam et Filios Io. Moreti, 1611. BGUC R-72-4

Martyr Sebastian Vieira (Wei Aila), 1572-1634 Bartolomeu Guerreiro, 1564-1642 Gloriosa coroa d'esforçados religiosos da Companhia de Iesu mortos polla fe catholica... Em lisboa : por Antonio Alvarez, 1642. BGUC V.T.-8-9-4

Martyr Francisco Borges Pacheco, 1565-1626 Bartolomeu Pereira, SJ, 1588-1650 Paciecidos : libri duodecim ... Conimbricae : expensis Emmanuelis de Carvalho, 1640 BGUC 4 A-16-36-12

Blessed João Batista Machado, 1582-1617 António Francisco Cardim, S.J., 1596-1659 Fasciculus e Iapponicis floribus, suo adhuc madentibus sanguine. Romae : Typis Heredum Corbelletti, 1646. BGUC RB-37-35

Africa

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, frontispiece by Philip Fruitiers (Coimbra Fruitiers by Philip frontispiece a of Detail Mendes]. Afonso Patriarch the receives King [TheEthiopian

Beginning in the twelfth century, the myth of a Christian kingdom, ruled by Prester John, spread across Europe and also fascinated the Portuguese, especially after the beginning of their overseas Expansion. The Portuguese Pero da Covilhã reached Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) by land, between 1491 and 1493.

It wasn't until 1555, when the differences between Roman Christianity and the Ethiopian faith were already showing, that the Jesuit missions made a timid beginning, trying to convert the Negus.

The Jesuit effort also reached the Portuguese cities in Morocco, the kingdoms of Angola and Kongo, Ormuz (now Iran), Mozambique and Monomotapa (now Zimbabwe).

Dom Gonçalo da Silveira, 1521 ou 1523-1561 Luís de Camões , 1524?-1580 Rimas. Accrescentadas nesta segunda impressão... Em Lisboa : por Pedro Crasbeeck : a custa de Esteuão Lopez, 1598. BGUC R-2-12

Diego de Matos, 1588-1633? Copia de huma Carta em que dà conta dos successos da jornada do Emperador da Etiopia contra os villoens de hasta. In: Baltasar Teles, S.J., 1596-1675 - Historia geral de Ethiopia a Alta, ou Preste Joam e do que nella obraram os Padres da Companhia de Iesus. Em Coimbra : na Offic. de Manoel Dias, 1660. P. 475-477. BGUC V.T.-8-8-5

Master Andrés de Oviedo, 1518?-1577 Nicolau Godinho, S.J., 1561?-1616 De abassinorvm rebvs, déque Aethiopiae Patriarchis Ioanne Nonio Barreto et Andrea Oviedo, libri tres. Nunc primùm in lucem emissi. Lugduni : Sumptibus Horatij Cardon, 1615. BGUC R-74-28

(or Galdames), 1517-1562 Francisco de Sousa, S.J, 1649-1712 Oriente conquistado a Jesu Christo pelos Padres da Companhia de Jesus da Provincia de Goa... Lisboa : na Officina de Valentim da Costa Deslandes, 1710. 2 vol. BGUC V.T.-10-7-9/10

Brazil

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Venerabilis P. Ioseph Anchieta e(x) Societate Iesu Societate e(x) Anchieta P. Ioseph Venerabilis

… (Lisbon, 1672) …

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Simão de Vasconcelos, Vasconcelos, de Simão of an Detail

The importance of the Jesuits to Brazil was huge, if we think how their missionary activity went along with colonization and was closely connected with the foundation of cities, like Salvador (Juan de Azpilikueta), São Paulo (Joseph Anchieta), Rio de Janeiro (Manuel da Nobrega) and others.

In the vast Brazilian territory, the Jesuits also managed to establish an indigenous communication language, the "common language", of which they were the first grammarians and lexicographers.

Until the expulsion decree, teaching in the Brazilian colony relied almost exclusively on the Inacian network.

Manuel da Nóbrega, 1519-1570 Simão de Vasconcelos, S.J., 1597-1671 Chronica da Companhia de Jesu do Estado do Brasil e do que obrarão seus filhos nesta parte do novo mundo ... Lisboa : Na Officina de Henrique Valente de Oliueira, 1663. BGUC V.T.-14-9-9

Blessed Inácio de Azevedo, ca. 1526-1570 [Two letters on the decease of Father Inacio de Azevedo]. In: Giovanni Pietro Maffei, S.J., 1533-1603 - ...Historiarvm Indicarvm libri XVI : Selectarvm item ex India epistolarum... Florentiae : apud Philippum Junctam, 1588. BGUC 4 A-2-4-8

Saint Joseph of Anchieta, 1534-1597 José de Anchieta, S.J.,1534-1597 Arte de gramatica da língua mais usada na costa do Brasil. Ed. facsimilar. São Paulo : Editora Anchieta, 1946. BGUC 5-41-12

Pedro Dias, 1621-1700 Pedro Dias, S.J., 1621-1700 Arte da lingua de Angola... Lisboa : na officina de Miguel Deslandes, 1697. BGUC R-17-37

Simão Marques, 1684-1766 Simão Marques, S.J., 1684-1766 Sermaõ das Santas onze mil Virgens… prégado no real Collegio da Companhia de Jesu da Cidade do Rio de Janeyro... Lisboa Occidental: Off. de Miguel Rodrigues, 1733. BGUC Misc. 237, Nº 3957

complex of Coimbra of complex

(18th century) (18th Jesuit school high the of view eye Bird’s

A CONIMBRIGA URBE AD ORBEM DE COIMBRA PARA O MUNDO FROM COIMBRA TO THE WORLD

Plan and texts: A. E. Maia do Amaral

Translations: Rui Pires

Production: Maria Luísa Sousa Machado José Alberto Mateus

Graphics: Noozle (Coimbra)