United States In cooperation with Department of Texas Agricultural Agriculture Experiment Station Soil Survey of and Texas State Natural Soil and Water Houston County, Resources Conservation Board Conservation Service Texas
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How to Use This Soil Survey
General Soil Map
The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas.
To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the map, identify the name of the map unit in the area on the color-coded map legend, then refer to the section General Soil Map Units for a general description of the soils in your area.
Detailed Soil Maps
The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.
To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet and turn to that sheet.
Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Turn to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.
The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. 4
This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1993. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1993. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1993. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board. The survey is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Davy Crockett-Trinity Soil and Water Conservation Districts. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA’s TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Cover: Because of the gently undulating to steep topography and adequate rainfall, lake and pond sites for recreation, livestock, and wildlife are available throughout Houston County.
Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available on the Natural Resources Conservation Service home page on the World Wide Web. The address is http://www.nrcs.usda.gov (click on “Technical Resources” ). 5
Contents
Cover ...... 1 BbA—Bernaldo-Besner complex, 0 to 2 How to Use This Soil Survey ...... 3 percent slopes ...... 42 Contents ...... 5 BeA—Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Foreword ...... 9 percent slopes ...... 43 General Nature of the County ...... 11 BtC—Betis loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 Settlement and Population ...... 12 percent slopes ...... 44 Agriculture...... 12 BwB—Bowie fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Natural Resources ...... 13 percent slopes ...... 45 Climate ...... 13 ChA—Chireno loam, 0 to 1 percent How This Survey Was Made ...... 13 slopes...... 46 General Soil Map Units ...... 15 CtE—Cuthbert fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 Soil Descriptions ...... 15 percent slopes ...... 47 1. Kurth-Fuller-Keltys ...... 15 CtG—Cuthbert fine sandy loam, 15 to 35 2. Cuthbert-Kirvin-Lilbert ...... 17 percent slopes ...... 48 3. Lilbert-Betis-Darco ...... 18 CuE—Cuthbert gravelly fine sandy loam, 4. Fuller-Penning-Herty...... 19 5 to 15 percent slopes ...... 49 5. Herty-Moswell-Fuller ...... 21 DaC—Darco loamy fine sand, 1 to 8 6. Woodtell-Etoile ...... 22 percent slopes ...... 50 7. Alto-Trawick ...... 23 DaE—Darco loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 8. Freestone-Latex-Annona ...... 26 percent slopes ...... 52 9. Eastham-Garner-Hallsbluff ...... 27 EaA—Eastham clay, 0 to 1 percent 10. Pophers-Koury ...... 28 slopes...... 53 11. Texark-Kaufman ...... 30 EaB—Eastham clay, 1 to 3 percent 12. Laneville-Nahatche-Hannahatchee ...... 30 slopes...... 53 Detailed Soil Map Units ...... 33 ErB—Elrose fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Soil Descriptions ...... 34 percent slopes ...... 54 AaB—Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 EtB—Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 55 percent slopes ...... 34 FrB—Freestone fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 AbA—Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 56 percent slopes ...... 35 FsA—Freestone-Derly complex, 0 to 2 AfB—Alto fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent percent slopes ...... 57 slopes...... 36 FuA—Fuller fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 AnA—Annona loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ... 37 percent slopes ...... 58 AnB—Annona loam 1 to 3 percent slopes .... 38 FuB—Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 AtB—Attoyac fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 59 percent slopes ...... 39 GaA—Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 60 AuB—Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 GrB—Grapeland fine sand, 1 to 4 percent percent slopes ...... 40 slopes...... 62 AuD—Austonio fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 HaA—Hainesville fine sand, 0 to 2 percent percent slopes ...... 41 slopes...... 63 BaB—Bernaldo fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 HbC—Hallsbluff clay loam, 2 to 5 percent percent slopes ...... 41 slopes...... 64 6
Hc—Hannahatchee fine sandy loam, MoA—Mollville loam, 0 to 1 percent frequently flooded ...... 65 slopes...... 87 HeA—Herty loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 66 MpA—Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 HeB—Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 67 percent slopes ...... 88 Iu—Iulus fine sandy loam, frequently MsB—Moswell loam, 1 to 3 percent flooded ...... 68 slopes...... 90 Ka—Kaufman clay, occasionally flooded...... 69 MsE—Moswell loam, 5 to 15 percent Kb—Kaufman clay, frequently flooded ...... 70 slopes...... 91 KcE—Kellison loam, 5 to 15 percent MxA—Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 slopes...... 70 percent slopes ...... 92 KeB—Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 NaG—Naclina clay loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes ...... 71 percent slopes, eroded ...... 93 KeD—Keltys fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 Nc—Naconiche mucky sandy loam, percent slopes ...... 72 0 to 2 percent slopes ...... 94 KfC—Kirvin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Nh—Nahatche loam, frequently flooded ...... 95 percent slopes ...... 73 Oz—Ozias-Pophers complex, frequently KgC—Kirvin gravelly fine sandy loam, flooded ...... 96 2 to 5 percent slopes ...... 74 PeB—Penning very fine sandy loam, KhC—Kirvin soils, graded, 2 to 8 percent slopes 0 to 4 percent slopes ...... 97 75 PnA—Percilla clay loam, 0 to 1 percent Ko—Kosse sandy clay loam, occasionally slopes...... 98 flooded ...... 76 Po—Pophers silt loam, frequently flooded .... 99 Kp—Koury silt loam, frequently flooded ...... 77 PsA—Portersprings fine sandy loam, KuB—Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 0 to 1 percent slopes ...... 100 percent slopes ...... 78 RnB—Rentzel loamy fine sand, 0 to 4 KuD—Kurth fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes ...... 101 percent slopes ...... 79 SaB—Sacul fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 LaA—LaCerda clay loam, 0 to 1 percent percent slopes ...... 102 slopes...... 80 SwA—Sawlit-Latex complex, 0 to 2 LaB—LaCerda clay loam, 1 to 3 percent percent slopes ...... 103 slopes...... 81 TaE—Tenaha loamy fine sand, 5 to 15 LaE—LaCerda clay loam, 5 to 15 percent percent slopes ...... 104 slopes...... 82 Te—Texark clay, occasionally flooded ...... 105 Lc—Laneville loam, frequently flooded ...... 83 Tf—Texark clay, frequently flooded ...... 106 LeB—Latex loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes...... 83 ToC—Tonkawa fine sand, 0 to 8 percent LtC—Lilbert loamy fine sand, 2 to 5 slopes...... 107 percent slopes ...... 84 TrE—Trawick fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 LvC—Lovelady loamy sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes ...... 108 percent slopes ...... 85 TwC—Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, LvD—Lovelady loamy sand, 5 to 8 2 to 5 percent slopes ...... 109 percent slopes ...... 86 7
TwE—Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, Besner Series ...... 159 5 to 15 percent slopes ...... 110 Betis Series ...... 160 TxG—Trawick-Bub complex, 15 to 40 Bowie Series...... 161 percent slopes ...... 110 Bub Series ...... 162 WnB—Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Chireno Series ...... 163 percent slopes ...... 111 Cuthbert Series ...... 164 WoB—Woodtell very fine sandy loam, Darco Series ...... 167 1 to 3 percent slopes ...... 112 Derly Series ...... 167 WoE—Woodtell very fine sandy loam, Eastham Series ...... 169 5 to 15 percent slopes ...... 113 Elrose Series ...... 171 Prime Farmland ...... 115 Etoile Series ...... 172 Use and Management of the Soils ...... 117 Freestone Series ...... 173 Crops and Pasture ...... 117 Fuller Series ...... 174 Pasture Management Groups ...... 118 Garner Series ...... 176 Yields per Acre ...... 124 Grapeland Series ...... 177 Land Capability Classification ...... 124 Hainesville Series ...... 178 Woodland Management and Productivity ...... 125 Hallsbluff Series ...... 179 Woodland Management Groups ...... 125 Hannahatchee Series ...... 182 Woodland Understory Vegetation ...... 135 Herty Series ...... 184 Recreation ...... 135 Iulus Series ...... 185 Wildlife Habitat ...... 137 Kaufman Series ...... 186 Engineering ...... 140 Kellison Series ...... 187 Building Site Development ...... 140 Keltys Series ...... 188 Sanitary Facilities ...... 141 Kirvin Series ...... 190 Construction Materials...... 142 Kosse Series ...... 191 Water Management ...... 143 Koury Series ...... 192 Soil Properties ...... 145 Kurth Series ...... 193 Engineering Index Properties ...... 145 LaCerda Series ...... 195 Physical and Chemical Properties ...... 146 Laneville Series ...... 196 Soil and Water Features ...... 147 Latex Series...... 197 Physical and Chemical Analyses of Lilbert Series ...... 199 Selected Soils...... 149 Lovelady Series ...... 200 Engineering Index Test Data ...... 149 Mollville Series ...... 201 Classification of the Soils ...... 151 Moswell Series ...... 203 Soil Series and Their Morphology ...... 151 Moten Series ...... 204 Alazan Series ...... 151 Multey Series ...... 205 Alto Series ...... 153 Naclina Series ...... 206 Annona Series ...... 154 Naconiche Series ...... 207 Attoyac Series ...... 155 Nahatche Series ...... 208 Austonio Series ...... 156 Ozias Series ...... 209 Bernaldo Series ...... 158 Penning Series ...... 211 8
Percilla Series...... 212 Tables ...... 251 Pophers Series ...... 213 Table 1.—Temperature and Precipitation...... 252 Portersprings Series ...... 214 Table 2.—Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall ...... 253 Rentzel Series ...... 216 Table 3.—Growing Season ...... 253 Sacul Series ...... 217 Table 4.—Acreage and Proportionate Extent Sawlit Series ...... 219 of the Soils ...... 254 Tenaha Series ...... 220 Table 5.—Land Capability and Yields per Texark Series ...... 221 Acre of Crops and Pasture ...... 256 Tonkawa Series ...... 222 Table 6.—Woodland Management and Trawick Series ...... 223 Productivity ...... 261 Woden Series ...... 224 Table 7.—Woodland Understory Vegetation .... 268 Woodtell Series ...... 225 Table 8.—Recreational Development ...... 278 Formation of the Soils ...... 227 Table 9.—Wildlife Habitat ...... 284 Factors of Soil Formation ...... 227 Table 10.—Building Site Development...... 289 Parent Material ...... 227 Table 11.—Sanitary Facilities ...... 295 Climate ...... 228 Table 12.—Construction Materials ...... 301 Plant and Animal Life...... 228 Table 13.—Water Management ...... 306 Relief ...... 228 Table 14.—Engineering Index Properties ...... 311 Time...... 229 Table 15.—Physical and Chemical Properties Processes of Horizon Differentiation ...... 229 of the Soils ...... 324 Surface Geology ...... 229 Table 16.—Soil and Water Features ...... 331 References ...... 235 Table 17.—Physical Analyses of Selected Glossary ...... 239 Soils...... 335 Table 18.—Chemical Analyses of Selected Soils...... 339 Table 19.—Engineering Index Test Data...... 343 Table 20.—Classification of the Soils...... 344
Issued 2002 9
Foreword
This soil survey contains information that affects land use planning in this survey area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the environment. This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters, and agronomists can use it to evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners, community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers, students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment. Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or land treatment. The information in this report is intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land use or land treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users identify and reduce the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with existing laws and regulations. Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to basements or underground installations. These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil survey. Broad areas of soils are shown on the general soil map. The location of each soil is shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each soil. Help in using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.
John P. Burt State Conservationist Natural Resources Conservation Service
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Soil Survey of Houston County, Texas
By Levi Steptoe, Jr., Natural Resources Conservation Service
Fieldwork by Levi Steptoe, Jr., Lynn D. Gray, Joseph Castille, and Fredrick Schrank, Natural Resources Conservation Service
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, in cooperation with the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station and the Texas State Soil and Water Conservation Board
This soil survey updates the survey of Houston County published in 1903. It provides additional information and has larger maps, which show the soils in greater detail. HOUSTON COUNTY is in the east-central part of Texas (fig. 1). It lies about 140 miles north of the Gulf of Mexico and about 80 miles west of the Louisiana State line. It consists of 789,978 acres of land and 1,664 acres of water. The county is irregular in outline. The Neches River forms the eastern boundary, which separates the county from Angelina and Cherokee Counties. The Trinity River forms the ✪ western boundary, which separates the county from AUSTIN Leon and Madison Counties. It is bordered by Anderson County on the north and Trinity and Walker Counties on the south. Houston County is in the Western Coastal Plain major land resource area (East Texas Timberland). The topography of the area is nearly level to steep. The area has well defined drainage patterns and is dissected by many streams. Timber, livestock, cotton, small grain, and peanut farming are the major enterprises in the area. About Figure 1.—Location of Houston County in Texas. 54 percent of the survey area is used as woodland, 34 percent as pasture and hayland, 10 percent as cropland, and the remaining 2 percent is urban or General Nature of the County built-up areas or areas of water. The soils formed under forest vegetation in a This section briefly discusses settlement and humid environment. Most soils are light colored and population, agriculture, natural resources, and medium to low in natural fertility. climate of the county. 12 Soil Survey
Settlement and Population selected as the county seat and was incorporated on December 29, 1837. The town was named for the Eliza Bishop, Houston County historian, helped prepare this Tennessee scout, David Crockett, who camped near section. the area enroute to join the freedom fight at the Alamo in 1836. Houston County was created during the Republic Fifty-three other communities joined the five of Texas in 1837. It can be identified with the rich incorporated towns. The State of Texas celebrated a growing croplands in central east Texas and the sesquicentennial for the state in 1986 and for rolling wooded hills in northeast Texas. Houston County in 1987. The county population was In 1690, the first Spanish outpost mission was built 21,375 in 1990. in what is presently northeast Houston County. The mission served the Indian residents called “Tejas” (friends) from their greeting. The Mission San Agriculture Francisco de Los Tejas signaled Spanish rule and Stan Murff, district conservationist, Natural Resources suspected French encroachment. Conservation Service, Crockett, Texas, helped prepare this section. In the following year, 1691, El Camino Real was blazed to link the Spanish colonial settlements along Cotton was the major crop from the 1840’s to the the Rio Grande with the new missions in the northern 1960’s. The Civil War brought the first major change part of the territory. Spanish explorers, missionaries, for the plantations and focused attention on the rich traders, and armies traveled through the vicinity. virgin pine timberlands in the eastern part of the Indians were much in evidence during the 1830’s. county. Kickapoos and Ionis shared the area with the One of the largest sawmill operations west of the Haisaini Federation (Caddos). Mississippi River, The Four C Mill, was established in Impresarios working with the Spanish rulers began the Ratcliff area during the 1900’s. The mill ran for colonization. The Mexican government, which nearly 20 years until the 120,000 acres of virgin pine followed, awarded many pioneer settlers land grants. timber was cut over. The Civilian Conservation Corps These pioneers settled in the area west of replanted this area. Nacogdoches County along the Neches River and Other economic changes in Houston County since over to the Trinity River. Some 110 settlers petitioned 1920 have prompted diverse changes in the the Congress of the Republic of Texas on April 22, development of agriculture in the county. For 1837, asking that a county be created from example, farming was the primary source of income Nacogdoches. President Sam Houston signed the for many years and continues to be one of the major Congressional Act on June 12, 1837, and the first land uses today. However, livestock production is now county created under the new Republic of Texas was the leading agriculture enterprise in the county, with named for him. The size of Houston County was three cow-calf operations representing the majority of the times that of present, and it included today’s Trinity, industry. Income from cattle production alone makes Anderson, and Henderson Counties. The present up approximately 50 to 55 percent of the total 1,237 square mile county area, which was agricultural income for Houston County each year. established in 1850, is bounded by the Neches River Houston County ranks near the top in beef cattle on the east and the Trinity River on the west. production in Texas. Churches and schools came with the pioneers who In Houston County, timber production, both pine established them as one structure. The first college of and hardwood, ranks second in terms of agricultural the Republic of Texas was Trinity College at Old income. Approximately 423,000 acres is devoted to Alabama on the banks of the Trinity River. The college timber production and owned by individual was chartered in 1841. There was also an academy landowners, large timber companies, and the U.S. at Augusta in 1850 and Steele’s Academy near the Forest Service. Most of the income generated by present community of Pennington. timber sales is from the sale of pine timber. In 1874, the International and Great Northern Houston County is one of the few remaining east Railroad was built through the county, bringing it in Texas counties with a substantial row crop program. closer touch with larger markets. Communities Major crops presently being grown include cotton, sprung up along the railroad every five to six miles. grain sorghum, peanuts, corn, and watermelons. A Three of them—Grapeland, Latexo and Lovelady— considerable acreage of small grains, including oats, became incorporated towns, with Crockett also along wheat, and rye is also planted each year, but the railroad. Kennard was the fifth town incorporated. primarily for grazing and erosion control. The centrally located community of Crockett was On a smaller scale, Houston County agriculture Houston County, Texas 13
includes dairy, truck farming, fish production, and fruit occurred at Crockett on December 24, 1989, is 0 and pecan production. degrees. In summer, the average temperature is 81 degrees. The highest recorded temperature, which Natural Resources occurred at Crockett on August 18, 1909, is 114 degrees. Soil is the most important natural resource in Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They Houston County. Livestock, timber, and cropland are equivalent to “heat units.” During the month, farming are the main sources of income in the county. growing degree days accumulate by the amount that Woodland is an important natural resource in the the average temperature each day exceeds a base county. Landowners produce both pine and temperature (40 degrees F). The normal monthly hardwood. Pine is sold for pulpwood, posts, crossties, accumulation is used to schedule single or and other wood products. Mature pine stands are successive plantings of a crop between the last sold for saw timber. Hardwood forests are cut mainly freeze in spring and the first freeze in fall. for crossties, pulpwood, or firewood. The total annual precipitation is about 42 inches. Lignite coal mining for energy production was an Of this, about 22 inches, or 52 percent, usually falls in important natural resource in the southern part of the April through September. The growing season for county in the past and may be again in the future. The most crops falls within this period. The heaviest 1-day main oil and gas fields are the Kittrell, Bakerspring, rainfall during the period of record was 7.58 inches at and Fort Trinidad fields in the southern part of the Crockett on October 31, 1941. Thunderstorms occur county and the Navarro and Grapeland fields in the on about 48 days each year, and most occur in May. northern part of the county; however, wells are in The average seasonal snowfall is about 0.9 inches. production throughout the county. The greatest snow depth at any one time during the Water is an important natural resource. Houston period of record was 1 inch. On the average, 2 days County Lake, in the west-central part of the county, of the year have at least 1 inch of snow on the provides water for the cities of Crockett and ground. The heaviest 1-day snowfall on record was Grapeland, as well as fishing and recreational 10 inches. activities. The Trinity River, Neches River, and The average relative humidity in midafternoon is numerous smaller streams, creeks, farm ponds, and about 51 percent. Humidity is higher at night, and the lakes provide abundant water supplies for the county. average at dawn is about 82 percent. The sun shines Fish and wildlife are other important natural 65 percent of the time possible in summer and 47 resources in Houston County. Most areas of the percent in winter. The prevailing wind is from the county are leased for deer hunting, which provides south. Average windspeed is highest, 13 miles per added income to landowners. hour, in March.
Climate How This Survey Was Made Prepared by the Natural Resources Conservation Service Climatic Data Access Facility, Portland, Oregon. This survey was made to provide information about the soils and miscellaneous areas in the Houston County is hot in summer but cool in winter survey area. The information includes a description of when an occasional surge of cold air causes a sharp the soils and miscellaneous areas and their location drop in otherwise mild temperatures. Rainfall is and a discussion of their suitability, limitations, and uniformly distributed throughout the year, reaching a management for specified uses. Soil scientists slight peak in spring. Snowfall is infrequent. Annual observed the steepness, length, and shape of the total precipitation is normally adequate for cotton, slopes; the general pattern of drainage; the kinds of feed grains, and small grains. crops and native plants; and the kinds of bedrock. Table 1 gives data on temperature and They dug many holes to study the soil profile, which precipitation for the survey area as recorded at is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a Crockett in the period 1961 to 1990. Table 2 shows soil. The profile extends from the surface down into probable dates of the first freeze in fall and the last the unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. freeze in spring. Table 3 provides data on length of The unconsolidated material is devoid of roots and the growing season. other living organisms and has not been changed by In winter, the average temperature is 48 degrees F other biological activity. and the average daily minimum temperature is 36 The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey degrees. The lowest temperature on record, which area are in an orderly pattern that is related to the 14
geology, landforms, relief, climate, and natural survey area, they compared the individual soils with vegetation of the area. Each kind of soil and similar soils in the same taxonomic class in other miscellaneous area is associated with a particular areas so that they could confirm data and assemble kind of landform or with a segment of the landform. additional data based on experience and research. By observing the soils and miscellaneous areas in While a soil survey is in progress, samples of the survey area and relating their position to specific some of the soils in the area generally are collected segments of the landform, a soil scientist develops a for laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil concept or model of how they were formed. Thus, scientists interpret the data from these analyses and during mapping, this model enables the soil scientist tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and to predict with a considerable degree of accuracy the the soil properties to determine the expected kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a specific behavior of the soils under different uses. location on the landscape. Interpretations for all of the soils are field tested Commonly, individual soils on the landscape through observation of the soils in different uses and merge into one another as their characteristics under different levels of management. Some gradually change. To construct an accurate soil map, interpretations are modified to fit local conditions, and however, soil scientists must determine the some new interpretations are developed to meet local boundaries between the soils. They can observe only needs. Data are assembled from other sources, such a limited number of soil profiles. Nevertheless, these as research information, production records, and field observations, supplemented by an understanding of experience of specialists. For example, data on crop the soil-vegetation-landscape relationship, are yields under defined levels of management are sufficient to verify predictions of the kinds of soil in an assembled from farm records and from field or plot area and to determine the boundaries. experiments on the same kinds of soil. Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the Predictions about soil behavior are based not only soil profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, on soil properties but also on such variables as texture, size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and climate and biological activity. Soil conditions are amount of rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, predictable over long periods of time, but they are not reaction, and other features that enable them to predictable from year to year. For example, soil identify soils. After describing the soils in the survey scientists can predict with a fairly high degree of area and determining their properties, the soil accuracy that a given soil will have a high water table scientists assigned the soils to taxonomic classes within certain depths in most years, but they cannot (units). Taxonomic classes are concepts. Each predict that a high water table will always be at a taxonomic class has a set of soil characteristics with specific level in the soil on a specific date. precisely defined limits. The classes are used as a After soil scientists located and identified the basis for comparison to classify soils systematically. significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic classification they drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial used in the United States, is based mainly on the photographs and identified each as a specific map kind and character of soil properties and the unit. Aerial photographs show trees, buildings, fields, arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the roads, and rivers, all of which help in locating soil scientists classified and named the soils in the boundaries accurately. 15
General Soil Map Units
The general soil map in this publication shows 1. Kurth-Fuller-Keltys broad areas that have a distinctive pattern of soils, relief, and drainage. Each map unit on the general Nearly level to moderately sloping, moderately well soil map is a unique natural landscape. Typically, it drained and somewhat poorly drained soils that have consists of one or more major soils or miscellaneous a loamy subsoil; in pine forest areas and some minor soils or miscellaneous areas. It is named for the major soils or miscellaneous Setting areas. The components of one map unit can occur in Landform: Uplands another but in a different pattern. Landform position: Kurth—convex stream divides and The general soil map can be used to compare the side slopes; Fuller—slightly concave toeslopes suitability of large areas for general land uses. Areas and footslopes; Keltys—smooth to slightly convex of suitable soils can be identified on the map. stream divides and side slopes (fig. 2) Likewise, areas where the soils are not suitable can Distinctive landform features: Yegua Formation be identified. Slope: 0 to 8 percent Because of its small scale, the map is not suitable for planning the management of a farm or field or for Composition selecting a site for a road or building or other Percent of the survey area: 14 percent structure. The soils in any one map unit differ from Kurth and similar Kirvin and Cuthbert soils—46 place to place in slope, depth, drainage, and other percent characteristics that affect management. Fuller and similar Alazan, Moten, and Penning soils—22 percent Soil Descriptions Keltys and similar soils—9 percent Minor soils—23 percent (includes Herty, Iulus, Koury, Lovelady, Moswell, Multey, and Pophers Nearly level to steep, sandy, clayey, and soils) loamy soils on uplands • Herty and Moswell soils have more clay in the subsoil and a thinner surface layer than Keltys and The map units in this group make up about 68 Kurth soils percent of the county. The Alto, Betis, Cuthbert, • Iulus, Koury, and Pophers soils are on flood plains Darco, Etoile, Fuller, Herty, Keltys, Kirvin, Kurth, of creeks Lilbert, Moswell, Moten, Penning, Sacul, Trawick, and • Lovelady soils have a thick sandy surface layer Woodtell soils are dominant in this group. These soils and are in slightly higher landscape positions developed in sandy, loamy, and clayey sediments of • Multey soils are on mounded terraces the Queen City Sand, Cook Mountain, Manning, Sparta Sand, Weches, and Yegua geological Typical Profile formations. The landscape is undulating to rolling with Kurth some areas slightly concave to convex and steep escarpments. Adapted grasses are mainly improved Surface layer: Grayish brown fine sandy loam bermudagrass and bahiagrass with weeping Subsurface layer: Pale brown to light yellowish brown lovegrass on the sandy soils. Fertilizer, lime, and fine sandy loam rotational grazing are essential for good yields. Subsoil layer: Upper part—brownish yellow to strong Dominant pine trees are loblolly and shortleaf, and brown clay loam; lower part—light brownish gray dominant hardwood trees are sweetgum, hickory, clay loam post oaks, southern red oaks, and white oaks. Underlying layer: Grayish brown mudstone with dark red masses of iron accumulation 16 Soil Survey
Kurth Kettys
Lovelady Fuller Moswell Fuller Kurth Kurth Kurth Koury
Kettys Penning Fuller Mudstone and Shale Molten-Mutley (Yegua Formation)
Kurth Mudstone and Shale (Yegua Formation) Recent Loamy Alluvium
Figure 2.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Kurth-Fuller-Keltys general soil map unit.
Fuller Underlying layer: Pale olive clay loam to light brownish gray mudstone with texture of clay Surface layer: Grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Light brownish gray fine sandy Soil Properties and Qualities loam with streaks of grayish brown loam in the Kurth lower part Subsoil layer: Grayish brown loam to clay loam with Depth class: Very deep very pale brown streaks Drainage class: Moderately well drained Underlying layer: Light brownish gray mudstone with Flooding: None texture of clay loam Permeability: Moderately slow Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately sloping Keltys Fuller Surface layer: Dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Brown or very pale brown fine Depth class: Deep sandy loam Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Subsoil layer: Upper part—yellowish brown fine Flooding: None sandy loam with yellowish brown masses of iron Permeability: Very slow accumulation and light brownish gray streaks; Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping middle part—light brownish gray fine sandy loam Keltys to loam and yellowish brown loam; lower part—olive brown clay loam with strong brown Depth class: Deep masses of iron accumulation and light brownish Drainage class: Moderately well drained gray streaks Houston County, Texas 17
Flooding: None Management concerns: Lack of moisture during the Permeability: Moderate summer months; generally, pine seedlings are Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately sloping easy to plant Land Use Dominant uses: Woodland 2. Cuthbert-Kirvin-Lilbert Other uses: Pastureland; a few areas are used as Very gently sloping to steep, well drained, loamy soils cropland that have a clayey or loamy subsoil; in pine- hardwood forest Pasture and hayland Setting Suitability: Well suited or moderately well suited Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and Landform: Uplands bahiagrass Landform position: Cuthbert—side slopes; Kirvin— Management concerns: Fertilizer, lime, and rotational convex ridges and knolls; Lilbert—convex grazing are needed for sustained yields stream divides (fig. 3) Distinctive landform features: Cook Mountain and Woodland Sparta Formations Suitability: Well suited Slope: 2 to 35 percent Common trees: Native pines and mixed hardwoods; loblolly pine is the dominant species
Lilbert
Lilbert Cuthbert Cuthbert Kirvin Lilbert Tenaha
Laneville Cuthbert Kirvin Rentzel Lilbert Sacul Nahatche Sacul
Rentzel Sacul Recent Loamy Cuthbert Cuthbert Alluvium Cook Mountain Geologic Formation Laneville Sacul
Kirvin Marine Deposited Sandstone and Shale
Recent Loamy Alluvium
Figure 3.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Cuthbert-Kirvin-Lilbert general soil map unit. 18 Soil Survey
Composition Kirvin Percent of the survey area: 12 percent Depth class: Deep Cuthbert and similar soils—30 percent Drainage class: Well drained Kirvin and similar Bowie and Latex soils—26 Flooding: None percent Permeability: Moderately slow Lilbert and similar Tenaha soils—15 percent Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately sloping Minor soils—29 percent (includes Darco, Iulus, Lilbert Laneville, Lilbert, Nahatche, Rentzel, Sacul, and Woodtell soils) Depth class: Very deep • Darco soils are on strongly sloping side slopes Drainage class: Well drained • Iulus, Laneville, and Nahatche soils are on flood Flooding: None plains of creeks Permeability: Moderately slow • Lilbert soils are on ridges and shoulder slopes Slope: Gently sloping • Rentzel soils are at the head of drainageways or Land Use along poorly defined drainageways and toeslopes • Sacul soils are on gently sloping, slightly concave Dominant uses: Woodland head of drainageways and side slopes immediately Other uses: Pastureland; a few areas are used as above drainageways cropland • Woodtell soils are on very gently sloping, broad, smooth areas and strongly sloping side slopes Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Suitability: Moderately well suited to poorly suited Cuthbert Adapted plants: Common bermudagrass, improved bahiagrass, and coastal bermudagrass Surface layer: Dark brown gravelly fine sandy loam Management concerns: Clayey subsoil and slopes; Subsoil layer: Red clay with gray shale fragments fertilizer, lime, and rotational grazing are needed Underlying layer: Stratified red and brownish yellow for sustained yields sandstone with thin layers of light gray shale Woodland Kirvin Suitability: Moderately suited Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Common trees: Woodlands are dominated by either Subsurface layer: Very pale brown fine sandy loam loblolly pine or shortleaf pine; pine and mixed Subsoil layer: Upper part—dark red to red clay with hardwood areas are normally dominated by yellowish brown mottles; lower part—red sandy sweetgum, hickory, and oaks, such as post oak, clay with yellowish brown and dark red mottles southern red oak and white oak Underlying layer: Stratified red sandstone with texture Management concerns: Clayey subsoil and moderate of fine sandy loam and grayish brown shale available water capacity Lilbert Surface layer: Brown loamy fine sand 3. Lilbert-Betis-Darco Subsurface layer: Very pale brown loamy fine sand Subsoil layer: Upper part—strong brown sandy clay Very gently sloping to moderately steep, somewhat loam; lower part—dark red sandy clay loam excessively drained and well drained soils that have a sandy or loamy subsoil; in pine-hardwood forest Soil Properties and Qualities Cuthbert Setting Depth class: Moderately deep Landform: Uplands Drainage class: Well drained Landform position: Lilbert and Betis—stream divides; Flooding: None Darco—stream divides and side slopes Permeability: Moderately slow Distinctive landform features: Queen City Sand and Slope: Moderately sloping to steep Sparta Sand Formations; seeps and springs are common on the lower parts of side slopes Slope: 1 to 15 percent Houston County, Texas 19
Composition Permeability: Rapid Slope: Gently sloping Percent of the survey area: 11 percent Lilbert and similar Tenaha soils—28 percent Darco Betis and similar Grapeland and Tonkawa Depth class: Very deep soils—24 percent Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Darco and similar soils—24 percent Flooding: None Minor soils—24 percent (includes Bowie, Permeability: Moderate Cuthbert, Iulus, Naconiche, Rentzel, and Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately steep Trawick soils) • Bowie soils are on very gently sloping toeslopes Land Use • Cuthbert soils are on side slopes Dominant uses: Woodland • Iulus and Naconiche soils are on nearly level flood plains Other uses: Pasture and hayland; some areas are • Rentzel soils are along drainageways used as cropland • Trawick soils are on steep side slopes Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Suitability: Moderately well suited Lilbert Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass Surface layer: Brown loamy fine sand Management concerns: Droughtiness; pastures Subsurface layer: Very pale brown loamy fine sand require light applications of fertilizer and lime at Subsoil layer: Upper part—strong brown sandy clay frequent intervals for best production; legumes, loam; lower part—dark red sandy clay loam such as vetch, crimson clover, and singletary pea overseeded into the grass lengthens the grazing Betis season and improves the soil tilth; fertilizer, lime, Surface layer: Dark yellowish brown loamy fine sand and rotational grazing are needed for sustained Subsurface layer: Yellowish brown loamy fine sand yields Subsoil layer: Upper part—yellowish brown loamy Woodland fine sand with pockets of very pale brown fine sand; lower part—very pale brown loamy fine Suitability: Moderately well suited sand with thin bands of light brown or strong Common trees: Loblolly pine and shortleaf pine are brown fine sandy loam the dominant species with sweetgum, hickory, and oaks, such as post oak, southern red oak, Darco and white oak intermingled; longleaf uniola, Surface layer: Brown loamy fine sand pinehill bluestem, purpletop, and diverse shrubs Subsurface layer: Light yellowish brown and pale are the main plants in the understory brown loamy fine sand Management concerns: Low available water capacity Subsoil layer: Upper part—strong brown sandy clay which causes seedling mortality and slow tree loam; lower part—variegated red, strong brown, growth light brownish gray, and light gray sandy clay loam Soil Properties and Qualities 4. Fuller-Penning-Herty Lilbert Nearly level to very gently sloping, well drained to somewhat poorly drained soils that have a loamy or Depth class: Very deep clayey subsoil; in pine forest Drainage class: Well drained Flooding: None Setting Permeability: Moderately slow Slope: Gently sloping Landform: Uplands Landform position: Fuller—toeslopes and footslopes; Betis Penning—toeslopes and drainageways; Depth class: Very deep Herty—toeslopes and stream divides Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Distinctive landform features: Yegua Formation Flooding: None Slope: 0 to 3 percent 20 Soil Survey
Composition Soil Properties and Qualities Percent of the survey area: 11 percent Fuller Fuller and similar soils—40 percent Depth class: Deep Penning and similar Alazan, Besner, Moten, and Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Multy soils—19 percent Flooding: None Herty and similar Etoile and Moswell soils—18 Permeability: Very slow percent Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Minor soils—23 percent (includes Derly, Freestone, Keltys, Koury, Kurth, Lovelady, and Penning Pophers soils) Depth class: Deep • Derly and Freestone soils are on broad nearly level Drainage class: Moderately well drained terraces Flooding: None • Keltys soils are on gently sloping to sloping stream Permeability: Moderate divides or side slopes Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping • Koury and Pophers soils are on flood plains of creeks Herty • Kurth and Lovelady soils are on gently sloping to Depth class: Deep moderately sloping smooth convex ridges or side Drainage class: Well drained slopes Flooding: None Typical Profile Permeability: Very slow Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Fuller Land Use Surface layer: Grayish brown fine sandy loam Dominant uses: Woodland Subsurface layer: Light brownish gray fine sandy loam with streaks of grayish brown loam in the Other uses: Pastureland; a few areas are used as lower part cropland Subsoil layer: Grayish brown loam to clay loam with very pale brown streaks Pasture and hayland Underlying layer: Light brownish gray mudstone with Suitability: Well suited or moderately well suited texture of clay loam Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and Penning bahiagrass that can be overseeded to clover or vetch Surface layer: Brown very fine sandy loam Management concerns: Fertilizer, lime, and rotational Subsurface layer: Brown and pale brown very fine grazing are needed for sustained yields sandy loam Subsoil layer: Upper part—yellowish brown and Woodland brownish yellow fine sandy loam and loam; lower Suitability: Well suited part—brownish yellow and grayish brown sandy Common trees: Native pines and mixed hardwoods; clay loam loblolly pine is the dominant species Underlying layer: Light brownish gray shale with Management concerns: Lack of moisture during the texture of clay summer months; seedling mortality, especially on Herty Fuller soils; and difficulty in reestablishing seedling after clearcutting and site preparation Surface layer: Dark grayish brown loam Subsurface layer: Brown silt loam Subsoil layer: Upper part—very dark grayish brown to dark grayish brown clay; lower part—dark grayish brown silty clay Underlying layer: Olive mudstone with texture of clay loam Houston County, Texas 21
5. Herty-Moswell-Fuller Fuller Surface layer: Grayish brown fine sandy loam Nearly level to moderately steep, well drained to Subsurface layer: Grayish brown to light brownish somewhat poorly drained soils that have a clayey or gray loam loamy subsoil; in pine forest Subsoil layer: Dark grayish brown loam and grayish brown clay loam with very pale brown streaks Setting Underlying layer: Olive gray mudstone with texture of Landform: Uplands clay loam in the upper part Landform position: Herty—toeslopes and stream Soil Properties and Qualities divides; Moswell—side slopes and stream divides; Fuller—toeslopes and footslopes Herty Distinctive landform features: Yegua Formation Depth class: Deep Slope: 0 to 15 percent Drainage class: Well drained Composition Flooding: None Permeability: Very slow Percent of the survey area: 8 percent Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Herty and similar soils—25 percent Moswell and similar Etoile soils—24 percent Moswell Fuller and similar Moten, Multy, and Penning Depth class: Deep soils—24 percent Drainage class: Well drained Minor soils—27 percent (includes Keltys, Koury, Flooding: None Kurth, Lovelady, and Pophers soils) Permeability: Very slow • Keltys, Kurth, and Lovelady soils have a loamy Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately steep subsoil and are in higher landscape positions; Lovelady soils also have a thick sandy surface Fuller layer Depth class: Deep • Koury and Pophers soils are on flood plains of Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained creeks Flooding: None Typical Profile Permeability: Very slow Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Herty Land Use Surface layer: Dark grayish brown loam Subsurface layer: Brown silt loam Dominant uses: Woodland Subsoil layer: Upper part—very dark grayish brown to Other uses: Pastureland; a few areas are used as dark grayish brown clay; lower part—dark grayish cropland brown silty clay Underlying layer: Olive mudstone with texture of clay Pasture and hayland loam Suitability: Moderately well suited Moswell Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and Surface layer: Dark grayish brown loam bahiagrass that can be overseeded to clover or Subsurface layer: Pale brown loam with light gray and vetch strong brown relict iron depletions and masses of Management concerns: Fertilizer, lime, and rotational iron accumulation grazing are need for sustained yields Subsoil layer: Upper part—yellowish red clay with Woodland strong brown and pale brown relict iron depletions and masses of iron accumulation; Suitability: Moderately well suited lower part—red and light brownish gray clay with Common trees: Native pines and mixed hardwoods; red relict masses of iron accumulation loblolly pine is the dominant species Underlying layer: Horizontally bedded layers of light Management concerns: The potential for erosion brownish gray, strong brown, and yellowish brown increases with slope; therefore, care must be shale with texture of clay taken to avoid excessive uphill and downhill rutting on steeper sites 22 Soil Survey
6. Woodtell-Etoile Minor soils—43 percent (includes Cuthbert, Freestone, LaCerda, Laneville, Latex, Sawlit, Very gently sloping to moderately steep, well drained and Trawick soils) and moderately well drained soils that have a clayey • Cuthbert soils are on strongly sloping to subsoil; in hardwood-pine forest moderately steep side slopes and have a clayey subsoil that is not as sticky or as plastic as that of Setting Woodtell and Etoile soils • Freestone soils are on nearly level to very gently Landform: Uplands sloping stream terraces Landform position: Woodtell—stream divides and • LaCerda soils are clayey to the surface and are in side slopes; Etoile—stream divides (fig. 4) similar landscape positions Distinctive landform features: Well defined drainage • Laneville soils are on flood plains of creeks system; the underlying material is of the Stone • Latex soils are in slightly higher landscape City Formation, which is a member of the Cook positions or are on mounded terraces and have a Mountain geologic formation loamy subsoil Slope: 1 to 15 percent • Sawlit soils are on nearly level mounded terraces Composition • Trawick soils are on strongly sloping to moderately steep side slopes Percent of the survey area: 8 percent Woodtell and similar soils—33 percent Etoile and similar Annona soils—24 percent
Latex
Etoile
Nahatche
Woodtell LaCerda Woodtell
Woodtell LaCerda
Etoile Laneville
(Cook Mountain Geologic Formation) Woodtell Gypsiferous Shale
Recent Loamy and Clayey Alluvium
Figure 4.—Typical pattern of soils and underlying material in the Woodtell-Etoile general soil map unit. Houston County, Texas 23
Typical Profile Woodland Woodtell Suitability: Moderately well suited Common trees: Native pines and mixed hardwoods; Surface layer: Very dark grayish brown very fine loblolly pine is the dominant species sandy loam Management concerns: As slopes increase, Subsoil layer: Upper part—red clay with pale brown particularly on Woodtell soils, the potential for and light brownish gray mottles; lower erosion increases; steps should be taken to avoid part—variegated red to dark red and light uphill and downhill rutting during harvest brownish gray clay Underlying layer: Stratified light brownish gray shale with a texture of clay and strong brown soft 7. Alto-Trawick sandstone with a texture of fine sandy loam Very gently sloping to steep, well drained soils that Etoile have a loamy or clayey subsoil; in pine-hardwood Surface layer: Dark brown loam forest. Subsoil layer: Upper part—yellowish red to yellowish brown clay with yellowish red relict masses of Setting iron accumulation; lower part—dark grayish Landform: Uplands brown to light brownish gray clay with brownish Landform position: Alto—stream divides; Trawick— yellow relict masses of iron accumulation knobs, ridges, and side slopes (fig. 5) Underlying layer: Layered light brownish gray, brown, Distinctive landform features: The underlying material and brownish yellow shale with texture of clay is weathered glauconitic materials and Soil Properties and Qualities glauconitic greensand of the Weches Formation Slope: 1 to 40 percent Woodtell Composition Depth class: Deep Drainage class: Well drained Percent of the survey area: 4 percent Flooding: None Alto and similar Elrose, Bowie, and Latex soils— Permeability: Very slow 39 percent Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately steep Trawick and similar Cuthbert and Kirvin soils— 31 percent Etoile Minor soils—30 percent (includes Chireno, Depth class: Deep Hannahatchee, Laneville, Lilbert, and Percilla Drainage class: Moderately well drained soils Flooding: None • Chireno soils are on nearly level old colluvial Permeability: Very slow positions Slope: Very gently sloping • Hannahatchee and Laneville soils are on flood plains of creeks Land Use • Lilbert soils are on nearly level to gently sloping Dominant uses: Pastureland knolls • Percilla soils are on nearly level to depressional Other uses: Woodland; a few areas are used as areas cropland Typical Profile Pasture and hayland Alto Suitability: Moderately well suited Surface layer: Brown fine sandy loam Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and Subsoil layer: Upper part—strong brown to yellowish bahiagrass that can be overseeded with legumes, brown sandy clay loam to clay loam with such as white dutch clover, arrowleaf clover, or brownish yellow and red masses of iron vetch accumulation; middle part—yellowish brown clay Management concerns: Fertilizer, lime, and rotational with brownish yellow and dark red masses of iron grazing are needed for sustained yields accumulation; lower part—dark yellowish brown gravelly clay to very gravelly clay with brownish yellow and dark red masses of iron accumulation 24 Soil Survey
Trawick Gravelly
Trawick-Bud
Trawick Alto Percilla
Elrose Hannahatchee
LoamyRecent Alluvium Alto
Trawick
Chireno Laneville Weathered Glauconitic Material (Weches Geologic Formation)
Recent
Loamy Alluvium
LoamyRecent Alluvium
Weathered Glauconitic Material (Weches Geologic Formation)
Figure 5.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material in the Alto-Trawick general soil map unit.
Underlying layer: Upper part—yellowish brown clay, Soil Properties and Qualities weathered glauconitic materials with texture of Alto loam to clay, and red pockets of silty clay; lower part—strong brown, yellowish brown, and light Depth class: Deep olive brown stratified glauconitic materials with Drainage class: Well drained texture of loam Flooding: None Permeability: Moderately slow Trawick Slope: Very gently sloping Surface layer: Dark reddish brown gravelly fine sandy Trawick loam Subsoil layer: Dark red clay with brownish yellow and Depth class: Moderately deep yellowish red mottles in the lower part Drainage class: Well drained Underlying layer: Dark brown stratified glauconitic Flooding: None material with brownish yellow and dark red Permeability: Very slow mottles Slope: Very gently sloping to steep Houston County, Texas 25
Land Use Common trees: Loblolly pine and shortleaf pine are the dominant commercial trees; sweetgum, Dominant uses: Pastureland and woodland hickory, post oak, southern red oak, and white Other uses: Some smoother areas are used as oak are the dominant hardwood trees cropland Management concerns: Clayey subsoil and steep slopes; in most areas, the native understory is Pasture and hayland grazed by livestock and game animals Suitability: Moderately suited or moderately well suited Nearly level to gently sloping, loamy and Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and clayey soils on Pleistocene terraces bahiagrass that can be overseeded with legumes, such as arrowleaf clover or vetch The map units in this group make up about 15 Management concerns: Overseeding legumes into percent of the county. Alazan, Eastham, Freestone, the grass can help to extend the grazing season Garner, Hallsbluff, and Latex soils are dominant in and improve the soil; fertilizer, lime, and rotational this group. These soils developed in fluviatile terrace grazing are needed to maintain yields deposits ranging from clayey to loamy sediments. The landscape is mainly nearly level to very gently Woodland sloping and gently undulating, but it is strongly Suitability: Moderately well suited sloping along beveled edges of terraces (fig. 6).
3rd Level Terrace
2nd Level Terrace
1st Level Terrace Freestone-Derly
Flood Plain Eastham
Freestone- Derly Naclina Portersprimgs
Texark Freestone
Freestone Garner Hallsbluff
Madison County Austonio
Kosse Annona Trinity
Recent Clayey and
Loamy Alluvium
Hainesville
Eastham
Kaufman Annona
Kaufman
Porter- River springs
Loamy, Sandy and Clayay Fluvial Terrace Sediments Recent Clayey and Loamy Alluvium
Figure 6.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material on terraces and along the flood plain of the Trinity River. 26 Soil Survey
Improved grasses, such as coastal bermudagrass, Subsoil layer: Upper part—brownish yellow sandy bahiagrass, and fescue are suitable for pasture clay loam with dark red, gray, and light brownish plants. Dominant trees are oaks, sweetgum, elms, gray masses of iron accumulation and iron and hackberry. Most soils in this group are well suited depletions and pale brown to light gray streaks; to crops, such as cotton, milo, peanuts, and lower part—variegated strong brown, yellowish vegetable truck crops. Fertilizer and lime are needed red, red, dark reddish brown, and light brownish for sustained yields. gray clay loam with light gray streaks Latex 8. Freestone-Latex-Annona Surface layer: Very dark grayish brown loam Subsoil layer: Upper part—strong brown or brownish Nearly level to very gently sloping, moderately well yellow loam to clay loam; lower part—variegated drained and well drained soils that have a loamy or dark red, yellowish brown, reddish yellow, clayey subsoil; in pine-hardwood forest yellowish red, and brown clay Setting Annona Landform: Uplands and stream terraces Surface layer: Dark grayish brown loam Landform position: Freestone—toeslopes and Subsurface layer: Brown loam with strong brown and mounds; Latex—toeslopes, mounds, stream light brownish gray mottles divides, and knolls; Annona—toeslopes Subsoil layer: Upper part—dark red clay with pale Distinctive landform features: Drainageways are brown and light brownish gray relict iron poorly defined depletions; lower part—variegated gray, dark Slope: 0 to 3 percent reddish brown, brownish yellow, yellowish brown, light brownish gray, and brown clay to clay loam Composition Soil Properties and Qualities Percent of the survey area: 14 percent Freestone and similar Alazan and Penning Freestone soils—38 percent Depth class: Very deep Latex and similar Alto, Attoyac, Bernaldo, and Drainage class: Moderately well drained Sawlit soils—24 percent Flooding: None Annona and similar Etoile and Woodtell Permeability: Slow soils—15 percent Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Minor soils—23 percent (includes Austonio, Besner, Hainesville, Kosse, Mollville, and Latex Portersprings soils) Depth class: Very deep • Austonio soils are loamy and are on very gently Drainage class: Moderately well drained sloping to strongly sloping, beveled side slopes Flooding: None • Besner soils are loamy and are on broad, nearly Permeability: Slow level to gently sloping terraces Slope: Very gently sloping • Hainesville soils are on sand ridges • Kosse soils are on flood plains of creeks and small Annona streams Depth class: Very deep • Mollville soils are loamy and wet and are on nearly Drainage class: Well drained level to slightly concave areas on terraces Flooding: None • Portersprings soils are on nearly level terraces and Permeability: Very slow are in slightly lower landscape positions Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Typical Profile Land Use Freestone Dominant uses: Pastureland Surface layer: Dark brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: Pale brown fine sandy loam Other uses: Woodland; a few areas are used as cropland Houston County, Texas 27
Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Suitability: Moderately well suited to very well suited Eastham Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and Surface layer: Very dark gray clay bahiagrass that can be overseeded with legumes, Subsoil layer: Upper part—very dark gray to gray clay such as crimson clover, white dutch clover, with light olive brown relict masses of iron arrowleaf clover, or vetch accumulation; lower part—grayish brown to gray Management concerns: Fertilizer, lime, and rotational clay with light olive brown or yellowish brown grazing are need for sustained yields relict masses of iron accumulation Woodland Garner Suitability: Well suited Surface layer: Very dark gray clay Common trees: Native pines and mixed hardwoods; Subsoil layer: Upper part—dark gray clay with loblolly pine is the dominant species yellowish brown, strong brown, very dark gray, Management concerns: No significant management dark gray, and gray relict masses of iron problems accumulation and iron depletions; lower part—dark grayish brown to gray clay with light 9. Eastham-Garner-Hallsbluff olive brown, grayish brown, strong brown, and brownish yellow relict masses of iron Nearly level to gently sloping, well drained and accumulation moderately well drained soils that are clayey Hallsbluff throughout; on savannas Surface layer: Upper part—very dark grayish brown Setting clay loam; lower part—very dark grayish brown silty clay Landform: Stream terraces Subsoil layer: Upper part—very dark grayish brown Landform position: Eastham and Garner—toeslopes; silty clay with light olive brown relict masses of Hallsbluff—footslopes iron accumulation; lower part—olive or light olive Distinctive landform features: The underlying material brown to yellowish brown clay with dark grayish is clayey fluvial deposits transported from brown, very dark gray, and light brownish gray sources upriver, mainly from soils formed in relict iron depletions Cretaceous limestone and marl Slope: 0 to 5 percent Soil Properties and Qualities Composition Eastham Percent of the survey area: 1 percent Depth class: Very deep Eastham and similar soils—34 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained Garner and similar soils—19 percent Flooding: None Hallsbluff and similar soils—11 percent Permeability: Very slow Minor soils—36 percent (includes Annona, Derly, Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Freestone, Hainesville, Kaufman, Kosse, Garner Portersprings, and Texark soils) • Annona soils are in landscape positions similar to Depth class: Very deep those of the Eastham and Garner soils; Annona Drainage class: Moderately well drained soils also have a loam surface layer and dark red Flooding: None clay upper subsoil Permeability: Very slow • Derly soils are in slightly concave areas Slope: Nearly level • Freestone soils are on gently sloping and gently Hallsbluff undulating mounded terraces • Hainesville soils are on slightly higher sandy ridges Depth class: Very deep • Kaufman, Kosse, and Texark soils are on flood Drainage class: Well drained plains of the Trinity River Flooding: None • Portersprings soils are on nearly level terraces in Permeability: Very slow slightly lower landscape positions Slope: Gently sloping 28 Soil Survey
Land Use 10. Pophers-Koury Dominant uses: Pastureland Nearly level, moderately well drained and somewhat Other uses: Woodland; a few areas are used as poorly drained, loamy soils that have a loamy or cropland clayey subsoil; in hardwood-pine forest
Pasture and hayland Setting Suitability: Moderately well suited Landform: Flood plains Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and Landform position: Pophers—bottomland flats and bahiagrass that can be overseeded with legumes, mounds; Koury—bottomland flats such as white dutch clover, arrowleaf clover, or Distinctive landform features: Along major streams vetch over the Yegua Formation Management concerns: Clayey surface layer limits Slope: 0 to 1 percent water intake and storage; fertilizer, lime, and Composition rotational grazing are needed for sustained yields Percent of the survey area: 7 percent Woodland Pophers and similar Ozias soils—37 percent Suitability: Moderately well suited Koury and similar soils—23 percent Common trees: Loblolly pine and hardwoods Minor soils—40 percent (includes Fuller, Herty, Management concerns: Eastham and Keltys, Kurth, Laneville, Moten, Multey, Hallsbluff—best suited for the management of Nahatche, and Penning soils) hardwood trees only; Garner—can be managed • Fuller soils are in slightly higher landscape for pine and hardwood trees; some sites, positions however, may have a high pH, which will limit the • Herty soils are in higher landscape positions and suitability for pine trees; clayey surface may have a clayey subsoil restrict equipment use during harvesting • Keltys and Kurth soils are in higher landscape operations; harvesting operations should be positions and are well drained limited to the drier months to prevent excessive • Laneville soils are not as wet and have a loam rutting and to maintain normal drainage surface layer with dense clay underlying material • Moten and Multey soils are in slightly higher landscape positions and are mounded Nearly level, loamy and clayey soils on • Nahatche soils are nonacid flood plains • Penning soils are in slightly higher landscape positions and have a solum less than 60 inches The map units in this group make up 17 percent of thick the county. The Hannahatchee, Kaufman, Koury, Typical Profile Laneville, Nahatche, Pophers, and Texark soils are dominant in this group. These soils developed in Pophers loamy and clayey sediments of Recent age. The Surface layer: Upper part—dark grayish brown silty landscape is nearly level flood plains. Stream clay loam; lower part—grayish brown silty clay channels in these bottomland areas are crooked and loam with grayish brown masses of iron meandering. This causes sluggish movement of accumulation water and, in some cases, annual flooding (fig. 7). Subsoil layer: Dark grayish brown and grayish brown These soils are used as cropland, pastureland, silty clay loam with yellowish brown, pale brown, and woodland. Pine and mixed hardwoods are native gray, and light gray masses of iron accumulation on Hannahatchee, Koury, and Laneville soils. and iron depletions Hardwoods are dominant on Nahatche and Pophers soils. Kaufman and Texark soils are important Koury cropland soils, mainly for cotton and milo. Yields are usually very good in these slightly wet soils when Surface layer: Dark grayish brown silt loam crops can be planted at normal seeding dates. Most improved pastures on these soils are vegetated with fescue and bahiagrass that can be overseeded with legumes. Houston County, Texas 29
Kurth
Herty Hainesville Neches Kurth Bernaldo-Besner Fuller
Penning Ozias-Pophers Kettys River Ancient Stream Deposits Moten-Multey
Mudstone and Shale (Yegua Formation) Pophers Fuller Moten-Multey Angelina County Koury
Neches Hainesville Herty Fuller Penning
River Pophers Ancient Stream Deposits Terrace Sediments Recent Alluvium
Mudstone and Shale (Yegua Formation)
Figure 7.—Typical pattern of soils and parent material on terraces, uplands, and flood plains of the Neches River.
Subsoil layer: Upper part—brown silt loam with Land Use yellowish brown and grayish brown masses of Dominant uses: Woodland iron accumulation and iron depletions; lower part—grayish brown to brown loam and very fine Other uses: Pastureland sandy loam with light gray, dark yellowish brown, grayish brown, and light brownish gray masses of Pasture and hayland iron accumulation and iron depletions Suitability: Pophers—poorly suited; Koury—well Soil Properties and Qualities suited Adapted plants: Bahiagrass and common Pophers bermudagrass Depth class: Very deep Management concerns: Fertilizer, lime, and rotational Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained grazing are needed for sustained yields Flooding: Frequently flooded Woodland Permeability: Moderately slow Slope: Nearly level Suitability: Poorly suited Common trees: Sweetgum, water oak, and willow oak Koury are dominant; loblolly pine grows well in areas of Depth class: Very deep the Koury soil Drainage class: Moderately well drained Management concerns: Flooding and wetness hinder Flooding: Frequently flooded most harvesting operations Permeability: Moderately slow Slope: Nearly level 30 Soil Survey
11. Texark-Kaufman Flooding: Occasionally to frequently flooded Permeability: Very slow Nearly level, moderately well drained and somewhat Slope: Nearly level poorly drained soils that are clayey throughout; on Kaufman savannas Depth class: Very deep Setting Drainage class: Moderately well drained Flooding: Occasionally to frequently flooded Landform: Flood plains Permeability: Very slow Landform position: Bottomland flats Slope: Nearly level Distinctive landform features: Flood plain of the Trinity River and formed in clayey fluvial sediments Land Use transported from soils upriver that formed in Dominant uses: Cropland Cretaceous limestone and marl; vertical relief is less than 10 feet per mile Other uses: Pastureland; some areas are used as Slope: 0 to 1 percent woodland Composition Pasture and hayland Percent of the survey area: 6 percent Suitability: Texark—not suited or poorly suited; Texark and similar soils—32 percent Kaufman—moderately well suited Kaufman and similar soils—29 percent Adapted plants: Bahiagrass and common Minor soils—39 percent (includes Derly, bermudagrass Freestone, Hainesville, Kosse, and Management concerns: Seasonal wetness due to Portersprings soils) flooding • Derly and Freestone soils are on mounded terraces • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are on Woodland slightly higher ridges Suitability: Poorly suited • Kosse and Portersprings soils are loamy Common trees: Hardwoods throughout, have less wetness, and are in slightly Management concerns: Flooding and high pH higher landscape positions Typical Profile Texark 12. Laneville-Nahatche-Hannahatchee Surface layer: Very dark gray clay Nearly level, well drained to somewhat poorly Subsoil layer: Upper part—dark gray clay with strong drained, loamy soils that have a loamy or clayey brown, dark yellowish brown, and gray masses of subsoil; in pine-hardwood forest iron accumulation and iron depletions; lower part—grayish brown clay with dark grayish brown Setting iron depletions Landform: Flood plains Kaufman Landform position: Bottomland flats Distinctive landform features: Vertical relief is less Surface layer: Very dark gray clay with strong brown than 5 to 10 feet per mile iron stains Slope: 0 to 1 percent Subsoil layer: Upper part—very dark gray to dark gray clay; lower part—dark gray and very dark Composition gray clay with strong brown and light olive brown Percent of the survey area: 4 percent masses of iron accumulation Laneville and similar soils—29 percent Soil Properties and Qualities Nahatche and similar soils—15 percent Hannahatchee and similar Iulus soils—14 Texark percent Depth class: Very deep Minor soils—42 percent (includes Attoyac, Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Bernaldo, Latex, Naconiche, Rentzel, and Sawlit soils) Houston County, Texas 31
• Attoyac and Bernaldo soils are on nearly level to Soil Properties and Qualities very gently sloping terraces Laneville • Latex and Sawlit soils are on broad, mounded, nearly level terraces Depth class: Very deep • Naconiche soils are very poorly drained Drainage class: Moderately well drained • Rentzel soils are on the toeslopes of upland soils Flooding: Frequently flooded and are moderately well drained Permeability: Slow Slope: Nearly level Typical Profile Nahatche Laneville Depth class: Very deep Surface layer: Dark brown and brown loam with Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained strong brown and yellowish brown masses of iron Flooding: Frequently flooded accumulation Permeability: Moderate Subsoil layer: Upper part—variegated dark yellowish Slope: Nearly level brown, yellowish brown, and grayish brown loam; middle part—grayish brown clay loam with Hannahatchee yellowish brown, yellowish red, and red masses Depth class: Very deep of iron accumulation; lower part—dark gray clay Drainage class: Well drained with dark red, yellowish brown, and brown Flooding: Frequently flooded masses of iron accumulation Permeability: Moderate Nahatche Slope: Nearly level Surface layer: Upper part—dark grayish brown loam; Land Use lower part—variegated dark grayish brown, Dominant uses: Pasture and hayland brown, yellowish brown, and dark brown fine sandy loam Other uses: Woodland Subsoil layer: Dark grayish brown clay loam to loam with dark yellowish brown, yellowish brown, and Pasture and hayland brown masses of iron accumulation in the upper Suitability: Laneville and Hannahatchee—very well part suited; Nahatche— poorly suited or very poorly Buried surface layer: Dark gray clay loam with dark suited yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation and Adapted plants: Improved bermudagrass and light gray streaks of clean sand bahiagrass Hannahatchee Management concerns: Fertilizer, lime, and rotational grazing are needed for sustained yields Surface layer: Upper part—dark yellowish brown fine sandy loam; lower part—dark brown loam Woodland Subsoil layer: Upper part—dark yellowish brown to Suitability: Poorly suited reddish brown sandy clay loam with brown Common trees: Hardwood trees, such as sweetgum, mottles; lower part—variegated strong brown, water oak, and willow oak are dominant; loblolly reddish brown, dark brown, red, and grayish pine also grows well on Laneville and brown loam to sandy clay loam Hannahatchee soils Management concerns: Flooding and wetness hinder harvesting operations
33
Detailed Soil Map Units
The map units delineated on the detailed soil all the soils and miscellaneous areas on the maps in this survey represent the soils or landscape. miscellaneous areas in the survey area. The map unit The presence of minor components in a map unit descriptions in this section, along with the maps, can in no way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of be used to determine the suitability and potential of a the data. The objective of mapping is not to delineate unit for specific uses. They also can be used to plan pure taxonomic classes but rather to separate the the management needed for those uses. landscape into landforms or landform segments that A map unit delineation on a soil map represents an have similar use and management requirements. The area dominated by one or more major kinds of soil or delineation of such segments on the map provides miscellaneous areas. A map unit is identified and sufficient information for the development of resource named according to the taxonomic classification of plans. If intensive use of small areas is planned, the dominant soils. Within a taxonomic class there however, onsite investigation is needed to define and are precisely defined limits for the properties of the locate the soils and miscellaneous areas. soils. On the landscape, however, the soils are An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic in the map unit descriptions. Each description variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range includes general facts about the unit and gives the of some observed properties may extend beyond the principal hazards and limitations to be considered in limits defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of planning for specific uses. a single taxonomic class rarely, if ever, can be Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make mapped without including areas of other taxonomic up a soil series. Except for differences in texture of classes. Consequently, every map unit is made up of the surface layer, all the soils of a series have major the soils or miscellaneous areas for which it is named horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and some minor components that belong to and arrangement. taxonomic classes other than those of the major Soils of one series can differ in texture of the soils. surface layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, degree of Most minor soils have properties similar to those of erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use. the dominant soil or soils in the map unit, and thus On the basis of such differences, a soil series is they do not affect use and management. These are divided into soil phases. Most of the areas shown on called noncontrasting, or similar, components. They the detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The may or may not be mentioned in a particular map unit name of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature description. Other minor components, however, have that affects use or management. For example, properties and behavioral characteristics divergent LaCerda clay loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes, is a enough to affect use or to require different phase of the LaCerda series. management. These are called contrasting, or Some map units are made up of two or more major dissimilar, components. They generally are in small soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are areas and could not be mapped separately because complexes, associations, or undifferentiated groups. of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly A complex consists of two or more soils or contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are miscellaneous areas in such an intricate pattern or in identified by a special symbol on the maps. The such small areas that they cannot be shown contrasting components are mentioned in the map separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion unit descriptions. A few areas of minor components of the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat may not have been observed, and consequently they similar in all areas. Freestone-Derly complex, 0 to 2 are not mentioned in the descriptions, especially percent slopes, is an example. where the pattern was so complex that it was Table 4 gives the acreage and proportionate extent impractical to make enough observations to identify of each map unit. Other tables give properties of the 34 Soil Survey
soils and the limitations, capabilities, and potentials Soil Properties and Qualities for many uses. The Glossary defines many of the Depth: Very deep terms used in describing the soils or miscellaneous Drainage class: Moderately well drained areas. Water table: Apparent at 1.5 to 3.5 feet during January through April Soil Descriptions Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Low AaB—Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Permeability: Moderate percent slopes Available water capacity: High Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Setting Shrink-swell potential: Low Landform: Stream terraces Water erosion hazard: Slight Distinctive landform features: None Land Use Landform position: Toeslopes and drainageways Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Dominant uses: Woodland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Other uses: Pastureland Size of areas: 25 to 50 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Woodland Composition Major limitations: • None Alazan and similar soils: 90 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • Low strength may limit road use by heavy Contrasting Inclusions equipment • The use of some types of equipment may be • Hainesville soils are in slightly higher areas and are restricted when the water table is high sandy throughout • The abundance of moisture may cause competition • Mollville soils are gray throughout and are poorly for sunlight between seedlings and other plants drained Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown very and legumes fine sandy loam with brownish yellow masses of Minor limitations: iron accumulation • Slightly wet conditions during the winter and early Subsurface layer: spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the 3 to 9 inches—strongly acid, pale brown very fine grazing rotation, or the use of equipment sandy loam with yellowish brown masses of iron • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility limits forage accumulation production Subsoil: Cropland 9 to 25 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow loam with light brownish gray iron depletions and very Major limitations: pale brown streaks • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching and 25 to 36 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow a high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil and sandy clay loam with light brownish gray iron applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and depletions and very pale brown streaks good erosion-control measures are necessary to 36 to 60 inches—slightly acid, variegated yellowish prevent soil deterioration and contamination of brown, light yellowish brown, and light brownish surface and ground water gray sandy clay loam with very pale brown • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to streaks the wetness problem, careful consideration 60 to 80 inches—slightly acid, variegated red, dark should be given to crop selection red, yellowish red, brownish yellow, and light gray Minor limitations: sandy clay loam with very pale brown streaks • None Houston County, Texas 35
Interpretive Groups Besner Land capability classification: IIw Surface layer: Woodland management group: 7 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, dark brown fine Pasture management group: 6 sandy loam Subsurface layers: AbA—Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 5 to 15 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy percent slopes loam 15 to 28 inches—moderately acid, pale brown fine sandy loam Setting Subsoil: Landform: Stream terraces 28 to 37 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish Distinctive landform features: Mounds brown and strong brown loam Landform position: Toeslopes; Besner—mounds; 37 to 43 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loam Alazan—concave, low areas between mounds with light brownish gray, brownish yellow, and red Slope: Nearly level, mostly; but some areas are very masses of iron accumulation and pale brown gently sloping streaks Shape of areas: Oblong 43 to 58 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish Size of areas: 20 to 75 acres brown and dark red sandy clay loam with very Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest pale brown streaks Composition 58 to 69 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown clay loam with yellowish brown, dark red, and light Alazan and similar soils: 60 percent gray iron accumulations and iron depletions Besner and similar soils: 30 percent 69 to 83 inches—strongly acid, variegated light Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent yellowish brown, light gray, and strong brown Contrasting Inclusions sandy clay loam • Mollville soils are grayish throughout and are poorly Soil Properties and Qualities drained Depth: Very deep Typical Profile Drainage class: Alazan—moderately well drained; Besner—well drained Alazan Water table: Alazan—apparent at 1.5 to 3.5 feet Surface layer: during January through April; Besner—apparent 0 to 6 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown very at 4 to 6 feet during late winter and early spring fine sandy loam Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Low Subsurface layer: Permeability: Moderate 6 to 12 inches—strongly acid, brown very fine sandy Available water capacity: Alazan—high; loam with brownish yellow masses of iron Besner—moderate accumulation Root zone: Very deep Subsoil: Natural soil fertility: Medium 12 to 36 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow loam Shrink-swell potential: Low with light brownish gray iron depletions and light Water erosion hazard: Alazan—slight; gray streaks Besner—moderate 36 to 45 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown sandy clay loam with brownish yellow masses of iron Land Use accumulation Dominant uses: Woodland 45 to 66 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray Other uses: Pastureland sandy clay loam with yellowish brown and strong brown masses of iron accumulation Woodland 66 to 80 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray sandy clay loam with red and yellowish brown Major limitations: masses of iron accumulation • None 36 Soil Survey
Minor limitations: AfB—Alto fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent • Alazan—low strength may limit road use by heavy slopes equipment • Alazan—the use of some types of equipment may Setting be restricted when the water table is high Landform: Uplands • Alazan—the abundance of moisture may cause Distinctive landform features: None competition for sunlight between seedlings and Landform position: Stream divides other plants Slope: Very gently sloping Pasture and hayland Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Size of areas: 75 to 100 acres Major limitations: Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest • These soils are well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Composition Minor limitations: Alto and similar soils: 85 percent • Alazan—slightly wet conditions during the winter Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent and early spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the grazing rotation, or the use of equipment Contrasting Inclusions • Alazan and Besner—soil acidity and inadequate • Percilla soils are ponded during much of the wet fertility are easily corrected with additions of lime season and are poorly drained and fertilizer • Trawick soils are similar, except they are on slopes Cropland up to 15 percent Major limitations: Typical Profile • Alazan—a moderate potential for leaching and a Surface layer: high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil and 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and loam good erosion-control measures are necessary to prevent soil deterioration and contamination of Subsoil: surface and ground water 4 to 16 inches—slightly acid, strong brown sandy clay • Alazan—seasonal wetness may delay crop loam with brownish yellow masses of iron planting; due to the wetness problem, careful accumulation consideration should be given to crop selection 16 to 25 inches—slightly acid, strong brown clay • Besner—a high potential for loss of topsoil, loam with brownish yellow and dark red masses fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; of iron accumulation a good erosion-control program is necessary to 25 to 32 inches—slightly acid, yellowish brown clay prevent soil loss and contamination of surface loam with dark red and brownish yellow masses water of iron accumulation Minor limitations: 32 to 40 inches—slightly acid, yellowish brown clay • Besner—moderate amounts of organic matter are with brownish yellow and dark red masses of iron needed to maintain the tilth and water-holding accumulation capacity of this soil; when adequate erosion- 40 to 48 inches—slightly acid, dark yellowish brown control measures are applied and organic matter gravelly clay with brownish yellow and dark red is maintained, this soil is very productive masses of iron accumulation 48 to 56 inches—moderately acid, dark yellowish Interpretive Groups brown very gravelly clay with brownish yellow and dark red masses of iron accumulation Land capability classification: Alazan—IIw; Besner—IIe Underlying layers: Woodland management group: Alazan—7; 56 to 65 inches—neutral, yellowish brown clay, Besner—10 weathered glauconitic materials with a loam to Pasture management group: Alazan—6; Besner—1 clay texture, and red pockets of silty clay 65 to 80 inches—neutral, variegated strong brown, yellowish brown, and light olive brown stratified weathered glauconitic material with texture of loam Houston County, Texas 37
Soil Properties and Qualities AnA—Annona loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Depth: Deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Setting Water table: Apparent at 2.5 to 4 feet during January Landform: Stream terraces through March Distinctive landform features: None Hazard of flooding: None Landform position: Toeslopes Runoff: Low Slope: Nearly level Permeability: Moderately slow Shape of areas: Oval and irregular Available water capacity: Moderate Size of areas: 50 to 175 acres Root zone: Deep Native vegetation: Savannah Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Composition Water erosion hazard: Slight Annona and similar soils: 90 percent Land Use Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Dominant uses: Pastureland Contrasting Inclusions Other uses: Woodland • Derly soils are poorly drained and are in Woodland depressions • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are Major limitations: somewhat excessively drained • None Minor limitations: Typical Profile • None Surface layer: Pasture and hayland 0 to 8 inches—slightly acid, dark brown loam Major limitations: Subsoil: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 8 to 14 inches—very strongly acid, dark red clay with of grasses and legumes light yellowish brown mottles Minor limitations: 14 to 34 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay with • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey light yellowish brown mottles subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for 34 to 65 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay with plant production gray and pale brown relict iron depletions • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 65 to 89 inches—moderately acid, red clay with gray corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer relict iron depletions Cropland Soil Properties and Qualities Major limitations: Depth: Very deep • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching and Drainage class: Well drained a high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil and Water table: More than 6 feet applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and Hazard of flooding: None good erosion-control measures are necessary to Runoff: Low prevent soil deterioration and contamination of Permeability: Very slow surface and ground water Available water capacity: Moderate Minor limitations: Root zone: Very deep • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to Natural soil fertility: Medium maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of Shrink-swell potential: High this soil; when adequate erosion-control Water erosion hazard: Slight measures are applied and organic matter is Land Use maintained, this soil is very productive Dominant uses: Pastureland Interpretive Groups Other uses: Woodland and cropland Land capability classification: IIe Woodland management group: 10 Pasture management group: 9 38 Soil Survey
Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • None 0 to 4 inches—slightly acid, dark grayish brown loam Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • The use of some types of equipment may be 4 to 10 inches—moderately acid, brown loam with restricted during wet seasons strong brown and light brownish gray mottles Pasture and hayland Subsoil: Major limitations: 10 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, dark red clay • This soil is moderately well suited to the production with pale brown relict iron depletions of grasses and legumes 16 to 27 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay with Minor limitations: light brownish gray relict iron depletions • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 27 to 38 inches—strongly acid, variegated gray, dark subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for reddish brown, and yellowish brown clay plant production 38 to 52 inches—neutral, variegated light brownish • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily gray, brown, and brownish yellow clay corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 52 to 63 inches—moderately alkaline, brownish yellow clay Cropland 63 to 82 inches—moderately alkaline, brownish Major limitations: yellow clay loam with light gray relict iron • High amounts of organic matter should be returned depletions to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil Soil Properties and Qualities tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as terraces and contour farming, are often needed Depth: Very deep Minor limitations: Drainage class: Well drained • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers Water table: More than 6 feet and pesticides by erosion or leaching Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Low Interpretive Groups Permeability: Very slow Land capability classification: IIIw Available water capacity: Moderate Woodland management group: 21 Root zone: Very deep Pasture management group: 9 Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Wind erosion hazard: Slight AnB—Annona loam 1 to 3 percent slopes Land Use Setting Dominant uses: Pastureland Landform: Stream terraces Other uses: Woodland Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Toeslopes Woodland Slope: Very gently sloping Major limitations: Shape of areas: Broad and irregular • None Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres Minor limitations: Native vegetation: Savannah • The use of some types of equipment may be Composition restricted during wet seasons Annona and similar soils: 90 percent Pasture and hayland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • This soil is moderately well suited to the production • Derly soils are poorly drained and are in of grasses and legumes depressions • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are somewhat excessively drained Houston County, Texas 39
Minor limitations: 43 to 56 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red sandy • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey clay loam with red and brownish yellow mottles subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for 56 to 80 inches—strongly acid, variegated red and plant production brownish yellow sandy clay loam with light • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brownish gray mottles corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Soil Properties and Qualities Cropland Depth: Very deep Major limitations: Drainage class: Well drained • High amounts of organic matter should be returned Water table: More than 6 feet to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil Hazard of flooding: None tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as Runoff: Low terraces and contour farming, are often needed Permeability: Moderate Minor limitations: Available water capacity: High • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers Root zone: Very deep and pesticides by erosion or leaching Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Interpretive Groups Water erosion hazard: Moderate Land capability classification: IIIe Land Use Woodland management group: 21 Pasture management group: 9 Dominant uses: Pastureland Other uses: Woodland
AtB—Attoyac fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Woodland percent slopes Major limitations: • None Setting Minor limitations: Landform: Stream terraces • None Distinctive landform features: None Pasture and hayland Landform position: Toeslopes Slope: Very gently sloping Major limitations: Shape of areas: Oblong • This soil is very well suited to the production of Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres grasses and legumes Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Minor limitations: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Composition corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Attoyac and similar soils: 90 percent Cropland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, • Hainesville soils are in slightly higher areas and are fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; sandy throughout a good erosion-control program is necessary to prevent soil loss and contamination of surface Typical Profile water Surface layers: Minor limitations: 0 to 6 inches—moderately acid, dark brown fine • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to sandy loam maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 6 to 16 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy this soil; when adequate erosion-control loam measures are applied and organic matter maintained, this soil is very productive Subsoil: 16 to 43 inches—moderately acid, yellowish red sandy clay loam with red mottles 40 Soil Survey
Interpretive Groups Soil Properties and Qualities Land capability classification: IIe Depth: Very deep Woodland management group: 6 Drainage class: Well drained Pasture management group: 1 Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Low AuB—Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Permeability: Moderate percent slopes Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Setting Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Landform: Stream terraces Wind erosion hazard: Moderate Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Toeslopes and terrace remnants Land Use Slope: Very gently sloping Dominant uses: Pastureland Shape of areas: Oval; larger areas are irregular Other uses: Woodland Size of areas: 15 to 100 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Woodland Composition Major limitations: Austonio and similar soils: 90 percent • None Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Minor limitations: • None Contrasting Inclusions Pasture and hayland • Derly and Mollville soils are in depressions and are poorly drained Major limitations: • Hainesville soils are on similar landscapes and are • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses somewhat excessively drained and legumes Minor limitations: Typical Profile • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Surface layers: corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 0 to 3 inches—slightly acid, dark brown fine sandy Cropland loam 3 to 12 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy Major limitations: loam • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; Subsurface layer: a good erosion-control program is necessary to 12 to 19 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish prevent soil loss and contamination of surface brown fine sandy loam water Subsoil: Minor limitations: 19 to 42 inches—slightly acid, yellowish brown sandy • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to clay loam with red masses of iron accumulation maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 42 to 68 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow fine this soil; when adequate erosion-control sandy loam with light yellowish brown masses of measures are applied and organic matter iron accumulation maintained, this soil is very productive Underlying layer: Interpretive Groups 68 to 80 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish Land capability classification: IIe brown loamy fine sand with brownish yellow Woodland management group: 10 masses of iron accumulation Pasture management group: 1 Houston County, Texas 41
AuD—Austonio fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 Woodland percent slopes Major limitations: • None Setting Minor limitations: • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion Landform: Stream terraces following harvesting or other disturbance Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Side slopes Pasture and hayland Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Major limitations: Shape of areas: Irregular • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Size of areas: 15 to 70 acres and legumes Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Minor limitations: Composition • On steeper slopes, water runoff is higher and less water enters the root zone for plant production Austonio and similar soils: 90 percent • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent excessive erosion during pasture establishment Contrasting Inclusions or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed • Woodtell soils have a clayey subsoil and are in Cropland slightly higher landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • This soil has a high potential for leaching of chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; Surface layer: selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a 0 to 4 inches—slightly acid, dark brown fine sandy low potential for leaching, along with proper loam application methods, are needed to properly Subsurface layer: manage this soil 4 to 11 inches—slightly acid, brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to Subsoil: maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 11 to 25 inches—strongly acid, red sandy clay loam this soil; when adequate erosion-control 25 to 52 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red sandy measures are applied and organic matter clay loam maintained, this soil is very productive 52 to 72 inches—strongly acid, strong brown and brownish yellow fine sandy loam Interpretive Groups Underlying layer: Land capability classification: VIe 72 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, very pale brown Woodland management group: 10 loamy fine sand Pasture management group: 3 Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Very deep BaB—Bernaldo fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Drainage class: Well drained percent slopes Water table: More than 6 feet Setting Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: High Landform: Stream terraces Permeability: Moderate Distinctive landform features: None Available water capacity: Moderate Landform position: Toeslopes Root zone: Very deep Slope: Very gently sloping Natural soil fertility: Medium Shape of areas: Oblong Shrink-swell potential: Low Size of areas: 50 to 150 acres Wind erosion hazard: Moderate Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Land Use Composition Dominant uses: Pastureland Bernaldo and similar soils: 90 percent Other uses: Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent 42 Soil Survey
Contrasting Inclusions Cropland • Mollville soils are in depressions and are poorly Major limitations: drained • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; Typical Profile a good erosion-control program is necessary to Surface layer: prevent soil loss and contamination of surface 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish water brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to Subsurface layer: maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 5 to 15 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish this soil; when adequate erosion-control brown fine sandy loam measures are applied and organic matter Subsoil: maintained, this soil is very productive 15 to 49 inches—very strongly acid to moderately Interpretive Groups acid, yellowish brown sandy clay loam with dark red masses of iron accumulation Land capability classification: IIe 49 to 84 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow Woodland management group: 6 sandy clay loam with red masses of iron Pasture management group: 1 accumulation and light yellowish brown and light gray streaks BbA—Bernaldo-Besner complex, 0 to 2 Soil Properties and Qualities percent slopes Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Setting Water table: Perched at 4 to 6 feet during November Landform: Stream terraces through February Distinctive landform features: Mounds Hazard of flooding: None Landform position: Toeslopes; Besner—mounds; Runoff: Very low Bernaldo—concave, low areas between mounds Permeability: Moderate Slope: Nearly level, mostly; but some areas are very Available water capacity: Moderate gently sloping Root zone: Very deep Shape of areas: Irregular Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 20 to 50 acres Shrink-swell potential: Low Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Water erosion hazard: Moderate Composition Land Use Bernaldo and similar soils: 50 percent Dominant uses: Woodland Besner and similar soils: 40 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • Mollville soils are in depressions and are poorly • None drained Minor limitations: Typical Profile • None Pasture and hayland Bernaldo Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses 0 to 5 inches—slightly acid, brown fine sandy loam and legumes Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 5 to 18 inches—slightly acid, yellowish brown fine corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer sandy loam Houston County, Texas 43
Subsoil: Woodland 18 to 35 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown Major limitations: sandy clay loam with strong brown masses of • None iron accumulation Minor limitations: 35 to 41 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish • None brown and very pale brown sandy clay loam 41 to 58 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish Pasture and hayland brown and light gray loam Major limitations: 58 to 80 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish • These soils are well suited to the production of and light brownish gray loam grasses and legumes; forage yields are high, and Besner there are no major soil related limitations to management Surface layer: Minor limitations: 0 to 7 inches—slightly acid, brown fine sandy loam • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Subsurface layer: corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 7 to 27 inches—slightly acid, light yellowish brown Cropland fine sandy loam Major limitations: Subsoil: • Wind erosion may be a problem if large areas are 27 to 33 inches—slightly acid, strong brown fine cultivated sandy loam with pale brown streaks Minor limitations: 33 to 44 inches—slightly acid, strong brown loam • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to with pale brown streaks maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 44 to 61 inches—slightly acid, strong brown loam this soil; when adequate erosion-control with very pale brown streaks measures are applied and organic matter 61 to 74 inches—slightly acid, strong brown and maintained, this soil is very productive brownish yellow loam with very pale brown • Some areas of these soils have a moderate streaks potential for loss of topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, 74 to 80 inches—slightly acid, strong brown fine and herbicides by erosion; a good erosion-control sandy loam with very pale brown and brownish program is necessary to prevent soil loss and yellow streaks contamination of surface water Soil Properties and Qualities Interpretive Groups Depth: Very deep Land capability classification: IIe Drainage class: Well drained Woodland management group: Bernaldo soil—6; Water table: Bernaldo—perched at 4 to 6 feet during Besner soil—10 November through February; Besner—apparent Pasture management group: 1 at 4 to 6 feet during January and February Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Bernaldo—very low; Besner—negligible BeA—Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Permeability: Moderate percent slopes Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Setting Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform: Stream terraces Shrink-swell potential: Low Distinctive landform features: None Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform position: Toeslopes Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Land Use Shape of areas: Oblong Dominant uses: Pastureland and woodland Size of areas: 15 to 60 acres Other uses: Cropland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Composition Besner and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent 44 Soil Survey
Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily • Mollville soils are in depressions and are poorly corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer drained Cropland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, 0 to 10 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; loam a good erosion-control program is necessary to Subsurface layer: prevent soil loss and contamination of surface 10 to 18 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish water brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to Subsoil: maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 18 to 30 inches—strongly acid, strong brown fine this soil; when adequate erosion-control sandy loam measures are applied and organic matter 30 to 49 inches—strongly acid to slightly acid, strong maintained, this soil is very productive brown to reddish yellow loam with yellowish red masses of iron accumulation and very pale brown Interpretive Groups streaks Land capability classification: IIe 49 to 65 inches—slightly acid, strong brown loam Woodland management group: 10 with very pale brown streaks Pasture management group: 1 65 to 80 inches—slightly acid, yellowish brown fine sandy loam with pale brown streaks Soil Properties and Qualities BtC—Betis loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Setting Water table: Apparent at 4 to 6 feet during January and February Landform: Uplands Hazard of flooding: None Distinctive landform features: None Runoff: Negligible Landform position: Stream divides Permeability: Moderate Slope: Gently sloping Available water capacity: Moderate Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Root zone: Very deep Size of areas: 100 to 300 acres Natural soil fertility: Medium Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Shrink-swell potential: Low Composition Water erosion hazard: Moderate Betis and similar soils: 90 percent Land Use Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Dominant uses: Pastureland and woodland Contrasting Inclusions Other uses: Cropland • Bowie soils are loamy throughout and are in slightly Woodland lower landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • None Surface layer: Minor limitations: 0 to 10 inches—strongly acid, dark yellowish brown • None loamy fine sand Pasture and hayland Subsurface layer: Major limitations: 10 to 40 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses loamy fine sand and legumes Houston County, Texas 45
Subsoil: Cropland 40 to 49 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown Major limitations: loamy fine sand with pockets of very pale brown • High amounts of organic matter are needed on this fine sand soil to help hold adequate amounts of moisture in 49 to 61 inches—moderately acid, very pale brown the root zone and to reduce leaching of plant loamy fine sand with thin bands of light brown nutrients fine sandy loam Minor limitations: 61 to 83 inches—moderately acid, very pale brown • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of loamy fine sand with thin bands of strong brown nutrients and pesticides that could possibly fine sandy loam contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- Soil Properties and Qualities control measures should be applied to reduce this risk Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Interpretive Groups Water table: More than 6 feet Land capability classification: IIIs Hazard of flooding: None Woodland management group: 17 Runoff: Very low Pasture management group: 12 Permeability: Rapid Available water capacity: Low Root zone: Very deep BwB—Bowie fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Natural soil fertility: Low percent slopes Shrink-swell potential: Low Water erosion hazard: Moderate Setting Land Use Landform: Uplands Dominant uses: Cropland and pastureland Distinctive landform features: None Other uses: Woodland Landform position: Footslopes or toeslopes Slope: Very gently sloping Woodland Shape of areas: Irregular Size of areas: 15 to 35 acres Major limitations: Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest • The droughty nature of this soil may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Composition • The loose, sandy surface may severely restrict Bowie and similar soils: 90 percent equipment use during dry periods Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Minor limitations: • The low available water capacity causes Contrasting Inclusions competition for moisture between seedlings and • Betis, Darco, and Grapeland soils are sandy to other plants depths more than 40 inches • Lilbert soils are sandy to depths of 20 to 40 inches Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Surface layer: of grasses and legumes 0 to 6 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy Minor limitations: loam • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface Subsurface layer: layer allowing rapid movement of water and 6 to 13 inches—moderately acid, very pale brown nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low fine sandy loam inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for plant production Subsoil: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 13 to 29 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer sandy clay loam with yellowish red masses of iron accumulation 46 Soil Survey
29 to 38 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow Cropland sandy clay loam with red and strong brown Major limitations: masses of iron accumulation • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, 38 to 52 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; sandy clay loam with red masses of iron a good erosion-control program is necessary to accumulation and light brownish gray iron prevent soil loss and contamination of surface depletions water 52 to 72 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow Minor limitations: sandy clay loam with red and yellowish red • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to masses of iron accumulation and light gray iron maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of depletions this soil; when adequate erosion-control 72 to 93 inches—strongly acid, variegated dark measures are applied and organic matter reddish brown, brownish yellow, and light gray maintained, this soil is very productive sandy clay loam Interpretive Groups Soil Properties and Qualities Land capability classification: IIe Depth: Very deep Woodland management group: 10 Drainage class: Well drained Pasture management group: 5 Water table: Perched at 3.5 to 6 feet during January through April Hazard of flooding: None ChA—Chireno loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Runoff: Low Permeability: Moderately slow Setting Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Landform: Terraces Natural soil fertility: Medium Distinctive landform features: None Shrink-swell potential: Low Landform position: Slightly concave areas on Water erosion hazard: Slight toeslopes Slope: Nearly level Land Use Shape of areas: Oblong Dominant uses: Pastureland and woodland Size of areas: 5 to 20 acres Other uses: Cropland Native vegetation: Savannah Composition Woodland Chireno and similar soils: 90 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • None Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • None • Percilla soils are poorly drained and are in slightly Pasture and hayland lower landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Surface layer: and legumes 0 to 12 inches—slightly acid, very dark gray loam Minor limitations: • The moderate capacity to store water slightly Subsoil layers: lowers the potential forage production 12 to 20 inches—neutral, very dark gray loam with • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily dark yellowish brown masses of iron corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer accumulation 20 to 25 inches—neutral, very dark grayish brown clay with dark yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation and very dark gray spots 25 to 41 inches—neutral, variegated very dark gray, yellowish brown, and dark yellowish brown clay loam Houston County, Texas 47
41 to 60 inches—neutral, dark yellowish brown, very Cropland dark gray, and reddish brown clay loam Major limitations: 60 to 80 inches—neutral, dark yellowish brown clay • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching and loam with olive brown masses a slight potential for the erosion loss of topsoil Soil Properties and Qualities and applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and good erosion-control measures are Depth: Very deep necessary to prevent soil deterioration and Drainage class: Moderately well drained contamination of the surface and ground water Water table: Apparent at 3.5 to 5 feet during January Minor limitations: through April • None Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Very low Interpretive Groups Permeability: Moderately slow Land capability classification: IIs Available water capacity: High Woodland management group: 25 Root zone: Very deep Pasture management group: 2 Natural soil fertility: High Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Slight CtE—Cuthbert fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 Land Use percent slopes Dominant uses: Pastureland Setting Other uses: Woodland Landform: Uplands Woodland Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Side slopes Major limitations: Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep • None Shape of areas: Long and narrow Minor limitations: Size of areas: 25 to 150 acres • The use of some types of equipment may be Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest restricted when the water table is high • Low strength may limit road use by heavy Composition equipment Cuthbert and similar soils: 90 percent Pasture and hayland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses • Tenaha soils have a sandy surface more than 20 and legumes; forage yields are high, and there inches thick are no major soil related limitations to management Typical Profile Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, very dark grayish brown interfere with the establishment, maintenance, fine sandy loam and harvesting of the forage produced • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions Subsurface layer: of fertilizer 4 to 9 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fine sandy loam Subsoil: 9 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, red clay 16 to 23 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with strong brown mottles and light gray shale fragments 48 Soil Survey
23 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with • On steeper slopes, water runoff is higher and less strong brown mottles and light gray shale water enters the root zone for plant production fragments • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of 28 to 35 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with excessive erosion during pasture establishment strong brown sandstone and light gray shale or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed Underlying layers: Cropland 35 to 48 inches—extremely acid, stratified light gray Major limitations: shale with texture of clay loam and red and • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness strong brown soft sandstone with texture of fine of slope sandy loam to sandy clay loam Minor limitations: 48 to 62 inches—extremely acid, stratified red and • None strong brown sandstone with texture of sandy clay loam and light gray shale with texture of clay Interpretive Groups loam Land capability classification: VIe Soil Properties and Qualities Woodland management group: 20 Pasture management group: 13 Depth: Moderately deep Drainage class: Well drained Water table: More than 6 feet CtG—Cuthbert fine sandy loam, 15 to 35 Hazard of flooding: None percent slopes Runoff: Medium Permeability: Moderately slow Setting Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Moderately deep Landform: Uplands Natural soil fertility: Medium Distinctive landform features: None Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Landform position: Side slopes Water erosion hazard: Moderate Slope: Moderately steep to steep Shape of areas: Long and narrow Land Use Size of areas: 25 to 150 acres Dominant uses: Woodland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Other uses: Pastureland Composition Woodland Cuthbert and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Major limitations: • None Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • Tenaha soils are sandy to depths more than 20 • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion inches following harvesting or other disturbance • Slope may restrict the use of some types of Typical Profile equipment during management operations Surface layer: • Low strength may limit road use by heavy 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish equipment brown fine sandy loam Pasture and hayland Subsurface layer: 4 to 9 inches—moderately acid, pale brown fine Major limitations: sandy loam • This soil is moderately well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Subsoil: Minor limitations: 9 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, red clay • Production is limited by the clayey subsoil, which 16 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red limits water intake and storage for plant sandy clay with very pale brown fragments of production shale Houston County, Texas 49
Underlying layer: CuE—Cuthbert gravelly fine sandy loam, 28 to 60 inches—very strongly acid, light gray, yellow, 5 to 15 percent slopes and yellowish red alternate layers of sandstone and shale Setting Soil Properties and Qualities Landform: Uplands Depth: Moderately deep Distinctive landform features: None Drainage class: Well drained Landform position: Side slopes Water table: More than 6 feet Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Hazard of flooding: None Shape of areas: Long and narrow Runoff: High Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres Permeability: Moderately slow Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Available water capacity: Moderate Composition Root zone: Moderately deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Cuthbert and similar soils: 90 percent Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Water erosion hazard: Moderate Contrasting Inclusions Land Use • Soils that are otherwise similar are on much Dominant uses: Woodland steeper slopes and either have boulders covering Other uses: Pastureland the surface or no longer have a topsoil layer due to erosion Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • Steepness of slope may cause a rapid rate of 0 to 5 inches—slightly acid, dark brown gravelly fine erosion following harvesting or other disturbance sandy loam • Steepness of slope may cause severe road-surface or road-ditch erosion Subsoil: • Steepness of slope severely restricts the use of 5 to 22 inches—strongly acid, red clay with shale equipment during management operations fragments Minor limitations: 22 to 35 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with • None fragments of gray unweathered shale Pasture and hayland Underlying layer: 35 to 60 inches—very strongly acid, stratified red and Major limitations: brownish yellow sandstone with thin layers of light • This soil is poorly suited to the production of gray shale grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • None Depth: Moderately deep Cropland Drainage class: Well drained Water table: More than 6 feet Major limitations: Hazard of flooding: None • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness Runoff: Medium of slope Permeability: Moderately slow Minor limitations: Available water capacity: Moderate • None Root zone: Moderately deep Interpretive Groups Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Land capability classification: VIIe Water erosion hazard: Moderate Woodland management group: 22 Pasture management group: 19 Land Use Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland 50 Soil Survey
Woodland Composition Major limitations: Darco and similar soils: 90 percent • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent and legumes; forage yields are high and there Contrasting Inclusions are no major soil related limitations to management • Sacul soils have a loamy surface less than 18 Minor limitations: inches thick and a clayey subsoil • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion Typical Profile following harvesting or other disturbance • Low strength may limit road use by heavy Surface layer: equipment 0 to 12 inches—moderately acid, brown loamy fine • Slope may restrict the use of some types of sand equipment during management operations Subsurface layers: Pasture and hayland 12 to 26 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish brown loamy fine sand Major limitations: 26 to 47 inches—moderately acid, pale brown loamy • This soil is moderately well suited to the production fine sand with light yellowish brown iron stains of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 47 to 54 inches—strongly acid, strong brown sandy subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for clay loam with dark red masses of iron plant production accumulation • On steeper slopes, water runoff is greater and less 54 to 68 inches—strongly acid, variegated red, strong water enters the root zone for plant production brown, and light brownish gray sandy clay loam • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of 68 to 82 inches—strongly acid, variegated red, strong excessive erosion during pasture establishment brown, and light gray sandy clay loam or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed Soil Properties and Qualities Cropland Depth: Very deep Major limitations: Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness Water table: More than 6 feet of slope Hazard of flooding: None Minor limitations: Runoff: Very low • None Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; subsoil—moderate Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Low Land capability classification: VIe Root zone: Very deep Woodland management group: 20 Natural soil fertility: Medium Pasture management group: 13 Shrink-swell potential: Low Water erosion hazard: Moderate DaC—Darco loamy fine sand, 1 to 8 Land Use percent slopes Dominant uses: Pastureland and cropland (fig. 8) Other uses: Woodland Setting Woodland Landform: Uplands Distinctive landform features: None Major limitations: Landform position: Stream divides • The loose, sandy surface may severely restrict Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately sloping equipment use during dry periods Shape of areas: Round to oblong Minor limitations: Size of areas: 10 to 200 acres • The low available water capacity of this soil may Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest cause moderate seedling mortality Houston County, Texas 51
Figure 8.—This area of Darco loamy fine sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes, is excellent for growing crops, such as watermelons and peanuts.
• The low available water capacity causes Cropland competition for moisture between seedlings and Major limitations: other plants • High amounts of organic matter are needed on this Pasture and hayland soil to help hold adequate amounts of moisture in the root zone and to reduce leaching of plant Major limitations: nutrients • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Minor limitations: of grasses and legumes • This soil has a moderate potential for erosion loss Minor limitations: of nutrients and pesticides that could possibly • Production is limited by the thick, sandy surface contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- layer allowing rapid movement of water and control measures should be applied to reduce nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low this risk inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for plant production Interpretive Groups • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Land capability classification: IVe corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Woodland management group: 17 Pasture management group: 12 52 Soil Survey
DaE—Darco loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 Available water capacity: Low percent slopes Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Setting Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform: Uplands Land Use Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Side slopes Dominant uses: Woodland Slope: Strongly sloping to moderately steep Other uses: Pastureland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 12 to 50 acres Woodland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Major limitations: Composition • The loose, sandy surface and steep slopes severely restrict the use of equipment during Darco and similar soils: 90 percent management operations Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • The low available water capacity of this soil may cause moderate seedling mortality • Cuthbert soils have a loamy surface less than 20 • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion inches thick and a clayey subsoil following harvesting or other disturbance Typical Profile • The low available water capacity causes competition for moisture between seedlings and Surface layers: other plants 0 to 6 inches—slightly acid, dark brown loamy fine sand Pasture and hayland 6 to 12 inches—slightly acid, brown loamy fine sand Major limitations: Subsurface layers: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 12 to 44 inches—slightly acid, brown loamy fine sand of grasses and legumes 44 to 49 inches—slightly acid, light yellowish brown Minor limitations: loamy fine sand • Production is limited by the thick, sandy surface layer allowing rapid movement of water and Subsoil: nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low 49 to 54 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for sandy clay loam with yellowish red and light gray plant production mottles • Production is less on slopes above 10 percent; 54 to 58 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow equipment use is impaired due to the loose, sandy clay loam with yellowish brown, red, and sandy surface light brownish gray mottles 58 to 66 inches—very strongly acid, variegated Cropland brownish yellow, light gray, and dark reddish Major limitations: brown sandy clay loam • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness 66 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light gray clay of slope loam with dark reddish brown mottles Minor limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • None Depth: Very deep Interpretive Groups Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Water table: More than 6 feet Land capability classification: VIe Hazard of flooding: None Woodland management group: 17 Runoff: Low Pasture management group: 16 Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; subsoil—moderate Houston County, Texas 53
EaA—Eastham clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes Natural soil fertility: High Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Slight Setting Land Use Landform: Stream terraces Distinctive landform features: Gilgai Dominant uses: Cropland Landform position: Toeslopes Other uses: Pastureland Slope: Nearly level Shape of areas: Oblong to elongated Woodland Size of areas: 25 to 150 acres Major limitations: Native vegetation: Savannah • None Composition Minor limitations: • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when Eastham and similar soils: 85 percent this soil is wet Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Pasture and hayland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in • This soil is moderately well suited to the production slightly higher landscape positions of grasses and legumes • Austonio and Freestone soils are loamy throughout Minor limitations: and are in slightly higher landscape positions • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey Typical Profile subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant production Surface layer: • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions 0 to 6 inches—slightly acid, very dark gray clay of fertilizer Subsoil: Cropland 6 to 10 inches—slightly acid, very dark gray clay 10 to 17 inches—moderately acid, dark gray clay with Major limitations: light olive brown relict masses of iron • This soil has a low potential for loss of topsoil, accumulation fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion 17 to 28 inches—moderately acid, gray clay with light • High amounts of organic matter should be returned olive brown relict masses of iron accumulation to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil 28 to 33 inches—slightly alkaline, grayish brown clay tilth with light olive brown relict masses of iron Minor limitations: accumulation • None 33 to 56 inches—slightly alkaline, gray clay with light Interpretive Groups olive brown relict masses of iron accumulation and gypsum crystals Land capability classification: IIw 56 to 66 inches—slightly alkaline, gray clay with light Woodland management group: 28 olive brown relict masses of iron accumulation Pasture management group: 7 and calcium carbonate concretions 66 to 80 inches—slightly alkaline, gray clay with yellowish brown relict masses of iron EaB—Eastham clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes accumulation Soil Properties and Qualities Setting Depth: Very deep Landform: Stream terraces Drainage class: Moderately well drained Distinctive landform features: Gilgai Water table: More than 6 feet Landform position: Toeslopes Hazard of flooding: None Slope: Very gently sloping Runoff: Low Shape of areas: Oval to elongated Permeability: Very slow Size of areas: 25 to 150 acres Available water capacity: Moderate Native vegetation: Savannah Root zone: Deep 54 Soil Survey
Composition Minor limitations: • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when Eastham and similar soils: 85 percent this soil is wet Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Pasture and hayland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • Austonio and Freestone soils are loamy throughout • This soil is moderately well suited to the production and are in slightly higher landscape positions of grasses and legumes • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in Minor limitations: slightly higher landscape positions • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey Typical Profile subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant production Surface layers: • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, very dark gray clay of fertilizer 4 to 17 inches—moderately acid, very dark gray clay with grayish brown relict masses of iron Cropland accumulation Major limitations: Subsoil: • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of 17 to 27 inches—strongly acid, black clay with brown topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by relict masses of iron accumulation erosion; a good erosion-control program is 27 to 40 inches—neutral, black clay necessary to prevent soil loss and contamination 40 to 46 inches—slightly alkaline, dark gray clay with of surface water light olive brown relict masses of iron • High amounts of organic matter should be returned accumulation to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil 46 to 57 inches—slightly alkaline, dark grayish brown tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as clay with olive yellow and grayish brown relict terraces and contour farming, are often needed masses of iron accumulation Minor limitations: 57 to 70 inches—slightly alkaline, gray silty clay with • None yellowish brown and dark yellowish brown relict Interpretive Groups masses of iron accumulation 70 to 88 inches—slightly alkaline, light brownish gray Land capability classification: IIe silty clay with brownish yellow and dark yellowish Woodland management group: 28 brown relict masses of iron accumulation Pasture management group: 7 Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Very deep ErB—Elrose fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Drainage class: Moderately well drained percent slopes Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Setting Runoff: Medium Landform: Uplands Permeability: Very slow Distinctive landform features: None Available water capacity: Moderate Landform position: Toeslopes Root zone: Very deep Slope: Very gently sloping Natural soil fertility: High Shape of areas: Irregular Shrink-swell potential: High Size of areas: 25 to 90 acres Water erosion hazard: Moderate Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Land Use Composition Dominant uses: Cropland Elrose and similar soils: 90 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • Trawick soils are in slightly higher landscape • None positions and are on slopes more than 5 percent Houston County, Texas 55
Typical Profile good erosion-control program is erosion; a necessary to prevent soil loss and contamination Surface layer: of surface water 0 to 5 inches—extremely acid, dark brown fine sandy Minor limitations: loam • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to Subsurface layer: maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 5 to 12 inches—very strongly acid, brown fine sandy this soil; when adequate erosion-control loam measures are applied and organic matter is maintained, this soil is very productive Subsoil: 12 to 20 inches—moderately acid, dark red sandy Interpretive Groups clay loam with yellowish red masses of iron Land capability classification: IIe accumulation Woodland management group: 10 20 to 42 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay Pasture management group: 1 42 to 64 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay 64 to 80 inches—moderately acid, dark red sandy clay with yellowish brown masses of iron EtB—Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes accumulation Soil Properties and Qualities Setting Depth: Very deep Landform: Uplands Drainage class: Well drained Distinctive landform features: None Water table: More than 6 feet Landform position: Stream divides Hazard of flooding: None Slope: Very gently sloping Runoff: Low Shape of areas: Broad and oval Permeability: Moderate Size of areas: 20 to 150 acres Available water capacity: Moderate Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Root zone: Very deep Composition Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Etoile and similar soils: 90 percent Water erosion hazard: Moderate Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Land Use Contrasting Inclusions Dominant uses: Pastureland • Fuller and Penning soils are loamy throughout and Other uses: Woodland are in slightly lower landscape positions Typical Profile Woodland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 4 inches—slightly acid, dark brown loam • None Minor limitations: Subsoil: • None 4 to 9 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red clay with yellowish red relict masses of iron accumulation Pasture and hayland 9 to 18 inches—slightly acid, yellowish brown clay Major limitations: with yellowish red relict masses of iron • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses accumulation and legumes 18 to 47 inches—slightly acid to slightly alkaline, dark Minor limitations: grayish brown to light brownish gray clay with • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brownish yellow relict masses of iron corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer accumulation Underlying layer: Cropland 47 to 60 inches—neutral, layered light brownish gray, Major limitations: brown, and brownish yellow shale with a texture • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of of clay topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by 56 Soil Survey
Soil Properties and Qualities FrB—Freestone fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Depth: Deep percent slopes Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: More than 6 feet Setting Hazard of flooding: None Landform: Stream terraces Runoff: Medium Distinctive landform features: None Permeability: Very slow Landform position: Toeslopes Available water capacity: Moderate Slope: Very gently sloping Root zone: Deep Shape of areas: Irregular Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 20 to 80 acres Shrink-swell potential: High Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Water erosion hazard: Slight Composition Land Use Freestone and similar soils: 90 percent Dominant uses: Cropland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting Inclusions Woodland • Derly and Mollville soils are poorly drained and are Major limitations: in depressions • None Minor limitations: Typical Profile • The use of some types of equipment may be Surface layer: restricted during wet seasons 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy Pasture and hayland loam Major limitations: Subsurface layer: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 4 to 11 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown fine of grasses and legumes sandy loam Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 11 to 23 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for sandy clay loam plant production 23 to 35 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily sandy clay loam with dark red masses of iron corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer accumulation, gray iron depletions, and pale Cropland brown streaks 35 to 40 inches—very strongly acid, variegated Major limitations: brownish yellow, light brownish gray, and dark red • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching of sandy clay loam with light gray streaks chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; 40 to 52 inches— very strongly acid, variegated selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a strong brown, red, and light brownish gray clay low potential for leaching, along with proper loam with light gray streaks application methods, are needed to properly 52 to 81 inches— very strongly acid, variegated manage this soil yellowish red, dark reddish brown, red, and light • High amounts of organic matter should be returned brownish gray clay loam with light gray streaks to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as Soil Properties and Qualities terraces and contour farming, are often needed Minor limitations: Depth: Very deep • None Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: Perched at 2 to 3.5 feet during Interpretive Groups December through May Land capability classification: IIIe Hazard of flooding: None Woodland management group: 25 Runoff: Very low Pasture management group: 9 Permeability: Slow Houston County, Texas 57
Available water capacity: Moderate Distinctive landform features: Mounded Root zone: Very deep Landform position: Toeslopes; Freestone—mounds; Natural soil fertility: Medium Derly—concave, low areas between mounds Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Water erosion hazard: Moderate Shape of areas: Oblong Size of areas: 35 to 75 acres Land Use Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Dominant uses: Pastureland Composition Other uses: Woodland Freestone and similar soils: 50 percent Woodland Derly and similar soils: 35 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Major limitations: • None Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in • The use of some types of equipment may be slightly higher landscape positions restricted when the water table is high or flooding occurs Typical Profile • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Freestone for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Surface layers: Pasture and hayland 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, dark brown fine Major limitations: sandy loam • This soil is very well suited to the production of 3 to 9 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy grasses and legumes loam Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 9 to 21 inches—slightly acid, brownish yellow fine corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer sandy loam Cropland Subsoil: Major limitations: 21 to 24 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching and sandy clay loam with yellowish red masses of a high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil and iron accumulation and light brownish gray streaks applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and 24 to 32 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown good erosion-control measures are necessary to sandy clay loam with yellowish red masses of prevent soil deterioration and contamination of iron accumulation and light brownish gray streaks the surface and ground water 32 to 45 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to clay loam with red masses of iron accumulation the wetness problem, careful consideration and light brownish gray streaks should be given to crop selection 45 to 85 inches—very strongly acid, variegated light Minor limitations: gray, red, and light yellowish brown clay loam • None Derly Interpretive Groups Surface layer: Land capability classification: IIe 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown Woodland management group: 12 loam Pasture management group: 1 Subsurface layer: 4 to 12 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray loam with brownish yellow masses of iron FsA—Freestone-Derly complex, 0 to 2 accumulation percent slopes Subsoil: 12 to 23 inches—very strongly acid, dark gray clay Setting loam with light brownish gray streaks Landform: Stream terraces 58 Soil Survey
23 to 40 inches—very strongly acid, dark gray clay Pasture and hayland with light olive brown masses of iron Major limitations: accumulation and light brownish gray streaks • These soils are moderately suited or poorly suited to 40 to 64 inches—moderately acid, dark gray clay with the production of grasses and legumes brownish yellow masses of iron accumulation and Minor limitations: light brownish gray streaks • Freestone—soil acidity and inadequate fertility are 64 to 80 inches—slightly acid, variegated light gray, easily corrected with additions of lime and dark gray, and brownish yellow clay loam fertilizer Soil Properties and Qualities • Derly—extreme wetness, water ponding on the surface, and poor internal drainage limit Depth: Very deep production Drainage class: Freestone—moderately well drained; • Derly—extreme wetness interferes with the Derly—poorly drained establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of Water table: Freestone—perched at 2 to 3.5 feet the forage produced during December through May; Derly—perched at +.5 to 1 foot during October through May Cropland Hazard of flooding: None Major limitations: Runoff: Freestone—very low; Derly—negligible • Freestone—this soil has a moderate potential for Permeability: Freestone—slow; Derly—very slow leaching and a high potential for the erosion loss Available water capacity: Freestone—moderate; of topsoil and applied chemicals; proper chemical Derly—high selection and good erosion-control measures are Root zone: Very deep necessary to prevent soil deterioration and Natural soil fertility: Medium contamination of the surface and ground water Shrink-swell potential: Freestone—moderate to high; • Freestone and Derly—seasonal wetness may delay Derly—very high crop planting; due to the wetness problem, crop Water erosion hazard: Freestone—moderate; selection should be given careful consideration Derly—slight Minor limitations: Land Use • Derly—this soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers and pesticides by erosion or leaching Dominant uses: Pastureland Other uses: Woodland and cropland Interpretive Groups Land capability classification: Freestone—IIe; Woodland Derly—IIIw Major limitations: Woodland management group: Freestone—12; • Derly—wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high Derly—24 water table severely restricts the use of Pasture management group: Freestone—1; Derly—15 equipment • Derly—abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight and space from invading plants to FuA—Fuller fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 severely reduce the success of regeneration percent slopes efforts Minor limitations: Setting • Freestone—the use of some types of equipment may be restricted when the water table is high or Landform: Uplands flooding occurs Distinctive landform features: None • Freestone—the abundance of moisture may cause Landform position: Toeslopes and footslopes competition for sunlight between seedlings and Slope: Nearly level other plants Shape of areas: Irregular • Derly—poor drainage may cause moderate pine Size of areas: 20 to 100 acres seedling mortality Native vegetation: Pine forest Composition Fuller and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Houston County, Texas 59
Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • The use of some types of equipment may be • Etoile and Herty soils have a clayey subsoil and are restricted when the water table is high in similar or slightly higher landscape positions • Low strength may limit road use by heavy Typical Profile equipment • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Surface layer: for sunlight between seedlings and other plants 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown fine sandy loam Pasture and hayland Subsurface layers: Major limitations: 4 to 13 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine • This soil is moderately well suited to the production sandy loam of grasses and legumes 13 to 26 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine Minor limitations: sandy loam with dark grayish brown organic • Wetness, poor internal drainage, and presence of stains salts limit production • Wetness interferes with the establishment, Subsoil: maintenance, and harvesting of the forage 26 to 36 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown produced loam with yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation and light gray streaks Cropland 36 to 44 inches—strongly acid, dark gray clay loam Major limitations: with yellowish brown masses of iron • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to accumulation and light gray streaks the wetness problem, careful consideration Underlying layer: should be given to crop selection 44 to 66 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish Minor limitations: gray sandstone with olive yellow masses of iron • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of accumulation fertilizer and chemicals by leaching; the selection of chemicals with a low potential for leaching and Soil Properties and Qualities the correct application of fertilizer elements will Depth: Deep help to reduce the risk of ground-water Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained contamination Water table: Perched at 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet during Interpretive Groups January through May Hazard of flooding: None Land capability classification: IIIw Runoff: Low Woodland management group: 19 Permeability: Very slow Pasture management group: 14 Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Deep Natural soil fertility: Medium FuB—Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Shrink-swell potential: Low percent slopes Water erosion hazard: Moderate Setting Land Use Landform: Uplands Dominant uses: Woodland Distinctive landform features: None Other uses: Pastureland Landform position: Toeslopes and footslopes Slope: Very gently sloping Woodland Shape of areas: Irregular Major limitations: Size of areas: 50 to 100 acres • The reduced availability of moisture during dry Native vegetation: Pine forest periods may cause a high rate of seedling Composition mortality Fuller and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent 60 Soil Survey
Contrasting Inclusions • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope • The abundance of moisture may cause competition • Etoile and Herty soils have a clayey subsoil and are for sunlight between seedlings and other plants in similar or slightly higher landscape positions Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 0 to 7 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown fine of grasses and legumes (fig. 9) sandy loam Minor limitations: Subsurface layers: • Wetness, poor internal drainage, and presence of 7 to 12 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish salts limit production gray fine sandy loam with brownish yellow • Wetness interferes with establishment, masses of iron accumulation maintenance, and harvesting of the forage 12 to 27 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish produced gray fine sandy loam and grayish brown loam Cropland with brownish yellow masses of iron accumulation Major limitations: • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to Subsoil: the wetness problem, careful consideration 27 to 45 inches—slightly acid, grayish brown loam should be given to crop selection with very pale brown streaks and yellowish brown Minor limitations: masses of iron accumulation • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of 45 to 51 inches—neutral, grayish brown clay loam fertilizer and chemicals by leaching; selection of with very pale brown streaks and brownish yellow chemicals with a low potential for leaching and masses of iron accumulation correct application of fertilizer elements will help Underlying layer: to reduce the risk of ground-water contamination 51 to 65 inches—neutral, light brownish gray Interpretive Groups mudstone with texture of clay loam Land capability classification: IIIe Soil Properties and Qualities Woodland management group: 19 Depth: Deep Pasture management group: 14 Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Water table: Perched at 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet during January through May GaA—Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Low Setting Permeability: Very slow Landform: Stream terraces Available water capacity: Moderate Distinctive landform features: Gilgai Root zone: Deep Landform position: Toeslopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Slope: Nearly level Shrink-swell potential: Low Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Water erosion hazard: Moderate Size of areas: 25 to 150 acres Land Use Native vegetation: Savannah Dominant uses: Woodland Composition Other uses: Pastureland Garner and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • None • Austonio and Freestone soils are loamy throughout Minor limitations: and are in slightly higher landscape positions • The use of some types of equipment may be • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in restricted when the water table is high slightly higher landscape positions Houston County, Texas 61
Figure 9.—In this area of Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, oats and ryegrass are overseeded in improved pastures to improve the quality of forage.
Typical Profile 28 to 45 inches—slightly acid, dark grayish brown clay with gray and light olive brown masses of Surface layer: iron accumulation 0 to 7 inches—moderately acid, very dark gray clay 45 to 80 inches—slightly alkaline, gray clay with Subsoil: grayish brown, strong brown, and brownish 7 to 10 inches—moderately acid, dark gray clay with yellow masses of iron accumulation yellowish brown relict iron accumulations and Soil Properties and Qualities very dark gray organic stains 10 to 22 inches—moderately acid, dark gray clay with Depth: Very deep yellowish brown and gray relict iron Drainage class: Moderately well drained accumulations and iron depletions Water table: More than 6 feet 22 to 28 inches—moderately acid, gray clay with Hazard of flooding: None strong brown and dark gray relict iron Runoff: Low accumulations and iron depletions Permeability: Very slow 62 Soil Survey
Available water capacity: Moderate GrB—Grapeland fine sand, 1 to 4 percent Root zone: Very deep slopes Natural soil fertility: High Shrink-swell potential: High Setting Water erosion hazard: Slight Landform: Uplands Land Use Distinctive landform features: None Dominant uses: Pastureland Landform position: Stream divides Other uses: Cropland Slope: Gently sloping Shape of areas: Oval Woodland Size of areas: 25 to 100 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Major limitations: • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight Composition and space from invading plants to severely Grapeland and similar soils: 85 percent reduce the success of regeneration efforts Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Minor limitations: • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when Contrasting Inclusions this soil is wet • Bowie soils are loamy throughout and are in slightly • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling higher landscape positions mortality • Naconiche soils are very poorly drained and are in Pasture and hayland depressions Major limitations: Typical Profile • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Surface layers: of grasses and legumes 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, dark yellowish brown Minor limitations: fine sand • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 3 to 12 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loamy subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for fine sand plant production • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions Subsoil: of fertilizer 12 to 39 inches—extremely acid, yellowish red loamy fine sand with pockets of pale brown uncoated Cropland sand grains Major limitations: 39 to 52 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, loamy fine sand with pockets of very pale brown fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; uncoated sand grains a good erosion-control program is necessary to 52 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red prevent soil loss and contamination of surface loamy fine sand with thin reddish bands water Soil Properties and Qualities • High amounts of organic matter should be returned to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil Depth: Very deep tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained terraces and contour farming, are often needed Water table: More than 6 feet Minor limitations: Hazard of flooding: None • None Runoff: Very low Permeability: Rapid Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Low Land capability classification: IIIw Root zone: Very deep Woodland management group: 26 Natural soil fertility: Low Pasture management group: 7 Shrink-swell potential: Low Wind erosion hazard: Severe Houston County, Texas 63
Land Use Shape of areas: Irregular and narrow Size of areas: 30 to 50 acres Dominant uses: Pastureland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Other uses: Cropland Composition Woodland Hainesville and similar soils: 85 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • None Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • The low available water capacity of this soil may • Austonio and Freestone soils are loamy throughout cause moderate seedling mortality and are in slightly higher landscape positions • The sandy surface may interfere with equipment • Annona soils have a clayey subsoil and are in use during dry periods slightly lower landscape positions Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layers: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fine of grasses and legumes sand Minor limitations: 5 to 14 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fine • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface sand with black iron stains layer allowing rapid movement of water and Subsoil: nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low 14 to 45 inches—extremely acid or very strongly acid, inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for strong brown loamy fine sand with pockets of plant production very pale brown uncoated sand grains • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 45 to 70 inches—extremely acid, yellowish brown and corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer brownish yellow loamy fine sand with pockets of Cropland very pale brown uncoated sand grains 70 to 80 inches—strongly acid, yellow loamy fine Major limitations: sand with yellowish red masses of iron • High amounts of organic matter are needed on this accumulation soil to help hold adequate amounts of moisture in the root zone and to reduce leaching of plant Soil Properties and Qualities nutrients Depth: Very deep Minor limitations: Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of Water table: More than 6 feet nutrients and pesticides that could possibly Hazard of flooding: None contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- Runoff: Negligible control measures should be applied to reduce Permeability: Rapid this risk Available water capacity: Low Interpretive Groups Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Low Land capability classification: IIIs Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodland management group: 17 Water erosion hazard: Moderate Pasture management group: 12 Land Use HaA—Hainesville fine sand, 0 to 2 percent Dominant uses: Pastureland and cropland slopes Other uses: Woodland
Setting Woodland Landform: Stream terraces Major limitations: Distinctive landform features: None • None Landform position: Toeslopes Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping 64 Soil Survey
Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • The sandy surface may interfere with equipment • Naclina soils are on slopes more than 15 percent use during dry periods • Tenaha soils have a sandy surface at least 20 • The low available water capacity of this soil may inches thick and are on steeper slopes in slightly cause moderate seedling mortality higher landscape positions Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layers: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 0 to 6 inches—slightly alkaline, very dark grayish of grasses and legumes brown clay loam Minor limitations: 6 to 17 inches—slightly alkaline, very dark grayish • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface brown silty clay layer allowing rapid movement of water and nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low Subsoil: inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for 17 to 29 inches—slightly alkaline, very dark grayish plant production brown silty clay with light olive brown relict • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily masses of iron accumulation corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 29 to 52 inches—moderately alkaline, olive and light olive brown clay with dark grayish brown relict Cropland masses of iron accumulation and very dark gray Major limitations: relict iron depletions • High amounts of organic matter are needed on this 52 to 80 inches—moderately alkaline, yellowish soil to help hold adequate amounts of moisture in brown clay with light brownish gray relict iron the root zone and to reduce leaching of plant depletions nutrients Soil Properties and Qualities Minor limitations: • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of Depth: Very deep nutrients and pesticides that could possibly Drainage class: Well drained contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- Water table: More than 6 feet control measures should be applied to reduce Hazard of flooding: None this risk Runoff: High Permeability: Very slow Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Moderate Land capability classification: IIIs Root zone: Very deep Woodland management group: 8 Natural soil fertility: High Pasture management group: 10 Shrink-swell potential: Very high Water erosion hazard: Moderate HbC—Hallsbluff clay loam, 2 to 5 percent Land Use slopes Dominant uses: Pastureland Other uses: Woodland and cropland Setting Woodland Landform: Stream terraces Distinctive landform features: Gilgai Major limitations: Landform position: Footslopes • The reduced availability of moisture during dry Slope: Gently sloping periods, difficulty in achieving proper rooting Shape of areas: Long and narrow depth, and soil compaction during tree planting Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Native vegetation: Savannah Minor limitations: • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when Composition this soil is wet Hallsbluff and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Houston County, Texas 65
Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layers: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 0 to 11 inches—slightly acid, dark yellowish brown of grasses and legumes fine sandy loam Minor limitations: 11 to 23 inches—slightly acid, dark brown loam • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey Subsoil: subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for 23 to 30 inches—neutral, dark yellowish brown sandy plant production clay loam • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions 30 to 39 inches—neutral, reddish brown sandy clay of fertilizer loam with brown mottles Cropland 39 to 63 inches—slightly acid, variegated reddish brown, dark brown, and strong brown loam Major limitations: 63 to 76 inches—strongly acid, variegated red, • This soil has a high potential for loss of fertilizers, grayish brown, and strong brown sandy clay loam insecticides, and herbicides by erosion of the topsoil and leaching that could possibly Soil Properties and Qualities contaminate surface and/or ground water; good Depth: Very deep erosion control and proper application of Drainage class: Well drained chemicals and fertilizers are essential in proper Water table: More than 6 feet management of this soil Hazard of flooding: Frequent; brief duration • High amounts of organic matter should be returned Runoff: Negligible to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil Permeability: Moderate tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as Available water capacity: Moderate terraces and contour farming, are often needed Root zone: Very deep Minor limitations: Natural soil fertility: Medium • None Shrink-swell potential: Low Interpretive Groups Water erosion hazard: Moderate Land capability classification: IIIe Land Use Woodland management group: 28 Dominant uses: Pastureland Pasture management group: 7 Other uses: Woodland
Hc—Hannahatchee fine sandy loam, Woodland frequently flooded Major limitations: • None Setting Minor limitations: • None Landform: Flood plain Distinctive landform features: None Pasture and hayland Landform position: Bottomland flats Major limitations: Slope: Nearly level • This soil is very well suited to the production of Shape of areas: Long and narrow grasses and legumes Size of areas: 75 to 100 acres Minor limitations: Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may Composition interfere with the establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the forage produced Hannahatchee and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Contrasting Inclusions • Nahatche soils have poor drainage and are in depressions 66 Soil Survey
Cropland 28 to 39 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown clay 39 to 47 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish Major limitations: brown clay with light yellowish brown masses of • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, iron accumulation fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; a good erosion-control program is necessary to Underlying layers: prevent soil loss and contamination of surface 47 to 61 inches—very strongly acid, very pale brown water mudstone with very dark grayish brown mottles Minor limitations: 61 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to brown mudstone with yellowish brown mottles maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of Soil Properties and Qualities this soil; when adequate erosion-control measures and organic matter are applied, this Depth: Deep soil is very productive Drainage class: Well drained Water table: Perched at 0 to 1 foot during January Interpretive Groups through April Land capability classification: Vw Hazard of flooding: None Woodland management group: 2 Runoff: Low Pasture management group: 4 Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Deep HeA—Herty loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Setting Water erosion hazard: Slight Landform: Uplands Land Use Distinctive landform features: None Dominant uses: Woodland Landform position: Toeslopes Other uses: Pastureland Slope: Nearly level Shape of areas: Oblong Woodland Size of areas: 45 to 50 acres Native vegetation: Pine forest Major limitations: • None Composition Minor limitations: Herty and similar soils: 90 percent • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent mortality • Low strength may limit road use by heavy Contrasting Inclusions equipment • Fuller and Penning soils are loamy throughout and • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when are in slightly lower landscape positions this soil is wet • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Typical Profile for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Surface layer: Pasture and hayland 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, brown loam Major limitations: Subsurface layer: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 5 to 8 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loam of grasses and legumes Subsoil: Minor limitations: 8 to 13 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey clay subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for 13 to 18 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown plant production clay • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 18 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer brown clay Houston County, Texas 67
Cropland Subsoil: 10 to 24 inches—strongly acid, very dark grayish Major limitations: brown clay • This soil has a high potential for leaching of 24 to 42 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; clay selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a 42 to 45 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish low potential for leaching, along with proper brown silty clay application methods, are needed to properly manage this soil Underlying layer: • High amounts of organic matter should be returned 45 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, olive mudstone to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil with texture of clay loam tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as Soil Properties and Qualities terraces and contour farming, are often needed Minor limitations: Depth: Deep • None Drainage class: Well drained Water table: Perched at 0 to 1 foot during January Interpretive Groups through April Land capability classification: IIIw Hazard of flooding: None Woodland management group: 21 Runoff: Medium Pasture management group: 9 Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Deep HeB—Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Setting Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform: Uplands Land Use Distinctive landform features: None Dominant uses: Woodland Landform position: Stream divides Other uses: Pastureland Slope: Very gently sloping Shape of areas: Irregular Woodland Size of areas: 10 to 50 acres Native vegetation: Pine forest Major limitations: • None Composition Minor limitations: Herty and similar soils: 90 percent • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent for sunlight between seedlings and other plants • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when Contrasting Inclusions this soil is wet • Fuller and Penning soils are loamy throughout and • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling are in slightly lower landscape positions mortality Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown of grasses and legumes loam Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 3 to 10 inches—moderately acid, brown silt loam subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant production • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 68 Soil Survey
Cropland 14 to 22 inches—strongly acid, brown loam with light brownish gray iron depletions and yellowish red Major limitations: masses of iron accumulation • This soil has a high potential for leaching of 22 to 27 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; loam with light brownish gray iron depletions and selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a yellowish red masses of iron accumulation low potential for leaching, along with proper 27 to 40 inches—strongly acid, variegated yellowish application methods, are needed to properly brown, dark grayish brown, and light brownish manage this soil gray fine sandy loam • High amounts of organic matter should be returned 40 to 70 inches—very strongly acid, brown fine sandy to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil loam to loam with brown and yellowish brown tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as masses of iron accumulation and light gray strata terraces and contour farming, are often needed of loamy fine sand to control erosion 70 to 82 inches—very strongly acid, variegated dark Minor limitations: grayish brown, yellowish brown, and grayish • None brown sandy clay loam Interpretive Groups Soil Properties and Qualities Land capability classification: IIIe Depth: Very deep Woodland management group: 21 Drainage class: Moderately well drained Pasture management group: 9 Water table: Perched at 1.5 to 4 feet during December through April Iu—Iulus fine sandy loam, frequently Hazard of flooding: Frequent; brief duration flooded Runoff: Very low Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Setting Root zone: Very deep Landform: Flood plains Natural soil fertility: Medium Distinctive landform features: None Shrink-swell potential: Low Landform position: Bottomland flats Water erosion hazard: Slight Slope: Nearly level Land Use Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 50 to 125 acres Dominant uses: Woodland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Other uses: Pastureland Composition Woodland Iulus and similar soils: 85 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight Contrasting Inclusions and space from invading plants to severely reduce the success of regeneration efforts • Ozias and Pophers soils have poor drainage and Minor limitations: are in slightly lower areas • The use of some types of equipment may be • Nahatche soils are somewhat poorly drained and restricted when the water table is high or flooding are in slightly lower landscape positions with occurs higher pH • Low strength may limit road use by heavy Typical Profile equipment Surface layer: Pasture and hayland 0 to 7 inches—strongly acid, dark yellowish brown Major limitations: fine sandy loam • This soil is very well suited to the production of Subsoil: grasses and legumes 7 to 14 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fine sandy loam Houston County, Texas 69
Minor limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may Depth: Very deep interfere with the establishment, maintenance, Drainage class: Moderately well drained and harvesting of the forage produced Water table: Apparent at 1.5 to 3.5 feet during Cropland November through April Hazard of flooding: Occasional; brief duration Major limitations: Runoff: Low • Seasonal wetness due to flooding may delay crop Permeability: Very slow planting; due to the wetness problem, careful Available water capacity: High consideration should be given to crop selection Root zone: Very deep Minor limitations: Natural soil fertility: High • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of Shrink-swell potential: Very high fertilizers and pesticides by erosion or leaching Water erosion hazard: Slight Interpretive Groups Land Use Land capability classification: Vw Dominant uses: Cropland Woodland management group: 5 Other uses: Pastureland Pasture management group: 4 Woodland Ka—Kaufman clay, occasionally flooded Major limitations: • The reduced availability of moisture during dry periods, difficulty in achieving proper rooting Setting depth, and soil compaction during tree planting Landform: Flood plains may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Distinctive landform features: Gilgai • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight Landform position: Bottomland flats and space from invading plants to severely Slope: Nearly level reduce the success of regeneration efforts Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Minor limitations: Size of areas: 50 to 400 acres • The use of some types of equipment may be Native vegetation: Savannah restricted during wet seasons or when flooding occurs Composition Pasture and hayland Kaufman and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Major limitations: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Contrasting Inclusions of grasses and legumes • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in Minor limitations: slightly higher landscape positions • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may • Portersprings and Kosse soils are loamy interfere with the establishment, maintenance, throughout and are in slightly higher landscape and harvesting of the forage produced positions Cropland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • Seasonal wetness due to flooding may delay crop 0 to 14 inches—moderately acid, very dark gray clay planting; due to the wetness problem, careful consideration should be given to crop selection Subsoil: Minor limitations: 14 to 45 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers light olive brown masses of iron accumulation and pesticides by erosion or leaching 45 to 62 inches—neutral, gray clay with light olive brown masses of iron accumulation Interpretive Groups 62 to 90 inches—moderately alkaline, grayish brown Land capability classification: IIw and gray clay with light olive brown masses of Woodland management group: 27 iron accumulation Pasture management group: 8 70 Soil Survey
Kb—Kaufman clay, frequently flooded Woodland Major limitations: Setting • The reduced availability of moisture during dry periods, difficulty in achieving proper rooting Landform: Flood plains depth, and soil compaction during tree planting Distinctive landform features: None may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Landform position: Bottomland flats • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight Slope: Nearly level and space from invading plants to severely Shape of areas: Broad and irregular reduce the success of regeneration efforts Size of areas: 30 to 100 acres Minor limitations: Native vegetation: Savannah • The use of some types of equipment may be Composition restricted during wet seasons or when flooding occurs Kaufman and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Pasture and hayland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in of grasses and legumes slightly higher landscape positions Minor limitations: • Kosse and Portersprings soils are loamy • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may throughout and are in slightly higher landscape interfere with the establishment, maintenance, positions and harvesting of the forage produced Typical Profile Cropland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 7 inches—moderately acid, very dark gray clay • Seasonal wetness due to flooding may delay crop with strong brown root stains planting; due to the wetness problem, careful Subsoil: consideration should be given to crop selection 7 to 24 inches—moderately acid, very dark gray clay Minor limitations: 24 to 41 inches—moderately acid, dark gray clay • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers 41 to 62 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with and pesticides by erosion or leaching strong brown masses of iron accumulation Interpretive Groups 62 to 80 inches—neutral, very dark gray clay with strong brown and light olive brown masses of iron Land capability classification: Vw accumulation Woodland management group: 27 Pasture management group: 8 Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained KcE—Kellison loam, 5 to 15 percent Water table: Apparent at 1.5 to 3.5 feet during slopes November through April Hazard of flooding: Frequent; very brief to brief Setting duration Runoff: Low Landform: Uplands Permeability: Very slow Distinctive landform features: None Available water capacity: High Landform position: Side slopes Root zone: Very deep Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Natural soil fertility: High Shape of areas: Long and narrow Shrink-swell potential: Very high Size of areas: 30 to 65 acres Water erosion hazard: Slight Native vegetation: Pine forest Land Use Composition Dominant uses: Pastureland Kellison and similar soils: 85 percent Other uses: Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Houston County, Texas 71
Contrasting Inclusions Pasture and hayland • Keltys and Kurth soils are loamy and are in slightly Major limitations: higher positions on the slope • This soil is moderately well suited to the production • Lovelady soils have a sandy surface at least 20 of grasses and legumes inches thick and are in slightly higher positions Minor limitations: on the slope • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for Typical Profile plant production Surface layer: • On steeper slopes, water runoff is higher and less 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish water enters the root zone for plant production brown loam • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of excessive erosion during pasture establishment Subsurface layer: or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed 3 to 7 inches—moderately acid, pale brown loam Cropland Subsoil: 7 to 22 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray clay Major limitations: with yellowish brown and grayish brown relict • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness mottles of slope 22 to 30 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray Minor limitations: clay with yellowish brown and grayish brown relict • None mottles Interpretive Groups 30 to 39 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish gray clay with light yellowish brown relict mottles Land capability classification: VIe 39 to 47 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish Woodland management group: 21 brown clay with light brownish gray relict mottles Pasture management group: 13 Underlying layer: 47 to 65 inches—very strongly acid, olive and gray layered shale with clay texture KeB—Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Deep Setting Drainage class: Well drained Landform: Uplands Water table: More than 6 feet Distinctive landform features: None Hazard of flooding: None Landform position: Stream divides Runoff: Very high Slope: Very gently sloping Permeability: Very slow Shape of areas: Oblong Available water capacity: Moderate Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres Root zone: Deep Native vegetation: Pine forest Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Composition Water erosion hazard: Moderate Keltys and similar soils: 85 percent Land Use Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Dominant uses: Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Other uses: Pastureland • Herty and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil and are in slightly lower landscape positions Woodland Typical Profile Major limitations: • Steepness of slope may cause severe road-surface Surface layer: or road-ditch erosion 0 to 6 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown fine Minor limitations: sandy loam • Slope may restrict the use of some types of equipment during management operations 72 Soil Survey
Subsurface layers: Minor limitations: 6 to 11 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers the 11 to 18 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown fine potential forage production sandy loam with yellowish brown masses of iron • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily accumulation and light brownish gray iron corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer depletions Cropland Subsoil: Major limitations: 18 to 25 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching and fine sandy loam with yellowish brown masses of a high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil and iron accumulation and light brownish gray streaks applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and 25 to 50 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish good erosion-control measures are necessary to gray fine sandy loam to loam and yellowish prevent soil deterioration and contamination of brown loam the surface and ground water 50 to 57 inches—very strongly acid, olive brown clay Minor limitations: loam with strong brown masses of iron • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to accumulation and light brownish gray streaks maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of Underlying layers: this soil; when adequate erosion-control 57 to 63 inches—very strongly acid, pale olive clay measures are applied and organic matter loam with olive brown and brownish yellow maintained, this soil is very productive masses of iron accumulation Interpretive Groups 63 to 80 inches—extremely acid, light brownish gray mudstone that has texture of clay with yellowish Land capability classification: IIe brown mottles Woodland management group: 18 Pasture management group: 5 Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained KeD—Keltys fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 Water table: More than 6 feet percent slopes Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Medium Setting Permeability: Slow Landform: Uplands Available water capacity: Moderate Distinctive landform features: None Root zone: Deep Landform position: Side slopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Slope: Moderately sloping Shrink-swell potential: Low Shape of areas: Long and narrow Water erosion hazard: Moderate Size of areas: 15 to 25 acres Land Use Native vegetation: Pine forest Dominant uses: Woodland Composition Other uses: Pastureland and cropland Keltys and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • None • Kellison and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil Minor limitations: and are in slightly lower landscape positions • None Typical Profile Pasture and hayland Surface layers: Major limitations: 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses loam and legumes; forage yields are high and there 4 to 8 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam are no major soil-related limitations to management Houston County, Texas 73
Subsurface layer: Cropland 8 to 17 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam Major limitations: with very pale brown masses of iron • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching of accumulation chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; Subsoil: selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a 17 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow low potential for leaching, along with proper fine sandy loam with dark grayish brown, grayish application methods, are needed to properly brown, and pale brown streaks manage this soil 28 to 53 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown Minor limitations: fine sandy loam with yellowish brown, yellowish • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to red, red, brownish yellow, and pale brown streaks maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of this soil; when adequate erosion-control Underlying layer: measures and organic matter are applied, this 53 to 80 inches—moderately acid, light yellowish soil is very productive brown and light gray mudstone Interpretive Groups Soil Properties and Qualities Land capability classification: IVe Depth: Deep Woodland management group: 18 Drainage class: Moderately well drained Pasture management group: 5 Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Medium KfC—Kirvin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 Permeability: Moderate percent slopes Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Deep Setting Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Landform: Uplands Water erosion hazard: Moderate Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Ridges and knolls Land Use Slope: Gently sloping Dominant uses: Woodland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Other uses: Pastureland Size of areas: 25 to 100 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Woodland Composition Major limitations: Kirvin and similar soils: 85 percent • None Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Minor limitations: • None Contrasting Inclusions Pasture and hayland • Betis and Darco soils are sandy to a depth of at least 40 inches and are in slightly higher Major limitations: landscape positions • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses • Lilbert soils are sandy to a depth of 20 to 40 inches and legumes and are in slightly lower landscape positions Minor limitations: • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers the Typical Profile potential forage production • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Surface layer: corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 0 to 5 inches—slightly acid, brown fine sandy loam Subsurface layer: 5 to 11 inches—slightly acid, very pale brown fine sandy loam 74 Soil Survey
Subsoil: Minor limitations: 11 to 23 inches—very strongly acid, dark red clay • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to 23 to 46 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of yellowish brown mottles this soil; when adequate erosion-control 46 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, red sandy clay measures are applied and organic matter with yellowish brown and dark red mottles maintained, this soil is very productive Underlying layer: Interpretive Groups 56 to 74 inches—very strongly acid, stratified red soft Land capability classification: IIIe sandstone with texture of fine sandy loam and Woodland ordination symbol: 18 grayish brown shale Pasture management group: 9 Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Deep KgC—Kirvin gravelly fine sandy loam, Drainage class: Well drained 2 to 5 percent slopes Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Setting Runoff: Low Permeability: Moderately slow Landform: Uplands Available water capacity: Moderate Distinctive landform features: None Root zone: Deep Landform position: Ridges and knolls Natural soil fertility: Medium Slope: Gently sloping Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Shape of areas: Round to long Water erosion hazard: Moderate Size of areas: 10 to 40 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Land Use Composition Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland Kirvin and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • Darco and Lilbert soils are sandy to a depth of at • None least 20 inches and are in slightly lower Minor limitations: landscape positions • None Typical Profile Pasture and hayland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, very dark grayish brown • This soil is moderately well suited to the production gravelly fine sandy loam of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 5 to 11 inches—strongly acid, light yellowish brown subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for gravelly fine sandy loam plant production Subsoil: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 11 to 29 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red clay corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer with red mottles Cropland 29 to 38 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red, yellowish red, and strong brown clay Major limitations: 38 to 48 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with • This soil has a moderate potential for the loss of light brownish gray and strong brown mottles fertilizer and chemicals by erosion and leaching; care should be exercised in the application of Underlying layer: fertilizer and pesticides, along with needed 48 to 60 inches—very strongly acid, red sandstone erosion-control measures, to prevent and light brownish gray shale contamination of water supplies Houston County, Texas 75
Soil Properties and Qualities KhC—Kirvin soils, graded, 2 to 8 percent Depth: Deep slopes Drainage class: Well drained Water table: More than 6 feet Setting Hazard of flooding: None Landform: Uplands Runoff: Low Distinctive landform features: Desurfaced Permeability: Moderately slow Landform position: Knolls and ridges Available water capacity: Moderate Slope: Very gently sloping to moderately sloping Root zone: Deep Shape of areas: Round to long Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 10 to 60 acres Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Water erosion hazard: Slight Composition Land Use Kirvin and similar soils: 90 percent Dominant uses: Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting Inclusions Woodland • Darco and Lilbert soils are sandy to a depth of at Major limitations: least 20 inches and are in slightly lower • None landscape positions Minor limitations: Typical Profile • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion following harvesting or other disturbance Surface layer: • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when 0 to 4 inches—very strongly acid, red clay loam with this soil is wet reddish yellow mottles Pasture and hayland Subsoil: 4 to 19 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with light Major limitations: yellowish brown mottles • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 19 to 36 inches—very strongly acid, reddish brown of grasses and legumes clay with strong brown, reddish yellow, and brown Minor limitations: mottles • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 36 to 45 inches—very strongly acid, variegated dark subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for reddish brown, red, brownish yellow, and light plant production gray clay • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Underlying layer: 45 to 70 inches—very strongly acid, variegated dark Cropland reddish brown, brown, and light gray stratified Major limitations: sandstone and shale • None Soil Properties and Qualities Minor limitations: • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of Depth: Deep fertilizer and chemicals by leaching; selection of Drainage class: Well drained chemicals with a low potential for leaching and Water table: More than 6 feet proper application of fertilizer elements will help Hazard of flooding: None to reduce the risk of ground-water contamination Runoff: Medium Permeability: Moderately slow Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Moderate Land capability classification: IVe Root zone: Deep Woodland management group: 20 Natural soil fertility: Medium Pasture management group: 9 Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Water erosion hazard: Slight 76 Soil Survey
Land Use Shape of areas: Irregular Size of areas: 40 to 90 acres Dominant uses: Woodland Native vegetation: Savannah Other uses: Pastureland Composition Woodland Kosse and similar soils: 85 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • None Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • Shallow rooting depth causes a moderate rate of • Kaufman and Texark soils are clayey throughout seedling mortality and are in slightly lower landscape positions • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in following harvesting or other disturbance slightly higher landscape positions • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when Typical Profile this soil is wet Surface layer: Pasture and hayland 0 to 15 inches—slightly acid, very dark gray sandy Major limitations: clay loam • Production is limited due to the lack of topsoil and Subsoil: clayey texture, which allows for slower infiltration 15 to 23 inches—neutral, dark grayish brown sandy of water and nutrients through the plant root clay loam with dark gray organic films on surfaces zone, resulting in low inherent soil of prisms Minor limitations: 23 to 32 inches—slightly alkaline, dark gray sandy • Production is severely limited by the clayey subsoil, clay loam with dark gray organic films on surfaces which limits water intake and storage for plant of prisms production 32 to 44 inches—slightly alkaline, light yellowish • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brown sandy clay loam with dark gray organic corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer films on surfaces of prisms Cropland 44 to 80 inches—slightly alkaline, pale yellow and brownish yellow loam with yellowish brown Major limitations: masses of iron accumulation and light brownish • This soil is not suited to cropland due to the lack of gray iron depletions and dark gray organic films topsoil on surfaces of peds Minor limitations: • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of Soil Properties and Qualities nutrients and pesticides that could possibly Depth: Very deep contaminate surface water; erosion-control Drainage class: Moderately well drained measures should be applied to reduce this risk Water table: Apparent at 3.5 to 6 feet during Interpretive Groups December through May Hazard of flooding: Occasional; brief duration Land capability classification: VIe Runoff: Low Woodland management group: 31 Permeability: Moderate Pasture management group: 19 Available water capacity: High Root zone: Very deep Ko—Kosse sandy clay loam, occasionally Natural soil fertility: High flooded Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Water erosion hazard: Slight Setting Land Use Landform: Flood plains Dominant uses: Pastureland and cropland Distinctive landform features: None Other uses: Woodland Landform position: Bottomland flats Slope: Nearly level Houston County, Texas 77
Woodland Composition Major limitations: Koury and similar soils: 85 percent • The reduced availability of moisture during dry Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent periods, difficulty in achieving proper rooting Contrasting Inclusions depth, and soil compaction during tree planting may cause a high rate of seedling mortality • Ozias soils are clayey throughout Minor limitations: Typical Profile • The use of some types of equipment may be restricted when the water table is high or flooding Surface layer: occurs 0 to 9 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silt • The abundance of moisture may cause competition loam for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Subsoil: Pasture and hayland 9 to 18 inches—very strongly acid, brown silt loam with yellowish brown masses of iron Major limitations: accumulation and grayish brown strippings • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses 18 to 30 inches—very strongly acid, brown silt loam and legumes with yellowish brown masses of iron Minor limitations: accumulation • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may 30 to 54 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown interfere with the establishment, maintenance, loam with dark yellowish brown masses of iron and harvesting of the forage produced accumulation and light gray iron depletions • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions 54 to 62 inches—strongly acid, brown very fine sandy of fertilizer loam with grayish brown iron depletions Cropland 62 to 80 inches—slightly acid, brown loam with yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation and Major limitations: light brownish gray iron depletions • Seasonal wetness due to flooding may delay crop planting; due to the wetness problem, careful Soil Properties and Qualities consideration should be given to crop selection Depth: Very deep • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of Drainage class: Moderately well drained topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by Water table: More than 6 feet erosion; a good erosion-control program is Hazard of flooding: Frequent; brief duration necessary to prevent soil loss and contamination Runoff: Negligible of surface water Permeability: Moderately slow Minor limitations: Available water capacity: High • None Root zone: Very deep Interpretive Groups Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Land capability classification: IIw Water erosion hazard: Moderate Woodland management group: 9 Pasture management group: 2 Land Use Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland Kp—Koury silt loam, frequently flooded Woodland Setting Major limitations: Landform: Flood plains • None Distinctive landform features: None Minor limitations: Landform position: Bottomland flats • The use of some types of equipment may be Slope: Nearly level restricted when the water table is high or flooding Shape of areas: Long and narrow occurs Size of areas: 25 to 75 acres • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest for sunlight between seedlings and other plants 78 Soil Survey
Pasture and hayland Subsurface layers: 6 to 11 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy Major limitations: loam • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses 11 to 20 inches—strongly acid, light yellowish brown and legumes fine sandy loam Minor limitations: • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may Subsoil: interfere with the establishment, maintenance, 20 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow and harvesting of the forage produced sandy clay loam with strong brown and red masses of iron accumulation Cropland 28 to 40 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown Major limitations: sandy clay loam with dark red masses of iron • Seasonal wetness due to flooding may delay crop accumulation and light brownish gray iron planting; due to the wetness problem, careful depletions consideration should be given to crop selection 40 to 65 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish Minor limitations: gray clay loam with dark red and strong brown • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of masses of iron accumulation fertilizers and pesticides by erosion or leaching Underlying layer: Interpretive Groups 65 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown mudstone with texture of clay loam with light Land capability classification: Vw brownish gray iron depletions and dark red Woodland management group: 1 masses of iron accumulation Pasture management group: 4 Soil Properties and Qualities KuB—Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Depth: Very deep percent slopes Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: Perched at 3.5 to 6 feet during January through April Setting Hazard of flooding: None Landform: Uplands Runoff: Low Distinctive landform features: None Permeability: Moderately slow Landform position: Stream divides Available water capacity: Moderate Slope: Very gently sloping Root zone: Very deep Shape of areas: Oblong to irregular Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 30 to 85 acres Shrink-swell potential: Low Native vegetation: Pine forest Water erosion hazard: Moderate Composition Land Use Kurth and similar soils: 85 percent Dominant uses: Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting Inclusions Woodland • Herty and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil Major limitations: within 12 inches of the surface and are in slightly • None lower landscape positions Minor limitations: Typical Profile • None Surface layer: Pasture and hayland 0 to 6 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine Major limitations: sandy loam • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Houston County, Texas 79
Minor limitations: Subsurface layers: • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers the 6 to 11 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy potential forage production loam with brownish yellow masses of iron • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily accumulation corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 11 to 22 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown fine sandy loam with yellow masses of iron Cropland accumulation Major limitations: Subsoil: • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching and 22 to 29 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown a high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil and sandy clay loam with light brownish gray iron applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and depletions good erosion-control measures are necessary to 29 to 37 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown prevent soil deterioration and contamination of sandy clay loam with light brownish gray iron the surface and ground water depletions and dark red masses of iron Minor limitations: accumulation • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to 37 to 40 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of sandy clay loam with red masses of iron this soil; when adequate erosion-control accumulation and light brownish gray iron measures are applied and organic matter depletions maintained, this soil is very productive 40 to 62 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish Interpretive Groups gray clay loam with red and brownish yellow masses of iron accumulation Land capability classification: IIe Woodland management group: 10 Underlying layer: Pasture management group: 5 62 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, stratified grayish brown, light gray, gray, and light brownish gray layered mudstone KuD—Kurth fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Very deep Setting Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: Perched at 3.5 to 6 feet during January Landform: Uplands through April Distinctive landform features: None Hazard of flooding: None Landform position: Side slopes Runoff: Medium Slope: Moderately sloping Permeability: Moderately slow Shape of areas: Long and narrow Available water capacity: Moderate Size of areas: 5 to 40 acres Root zone: Very deep Native vegetation: Pine forest Natural soil fertility: Medium Composition Shrink-swell potential: Low Water erosion hazard: Moderate Kurth and similar soils: 85 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Land Use Contrasting Inclusions Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland • Kellison and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil within 12 inches of the surface and are in slightly Woodland lower landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • None Surface layers: Minor limitations: 0 to 2 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown • None fine sandy loam 2 to 6 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy loam 80 Soil Survey
Pasture and hayland Subsoil: 4 to 9 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown clay Major limitations: with brownish yellow relict mottles • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses 9 to 22 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown and legumes clay with red and light brownish gray relict mottles Minor limitations: 22 to 31 inches—moderately acid, light olive brown • Moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers the clay with yellowish brown relict mottles potential forage production 31 to 38 inches—moderately acid, variegated light • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brownish gray and brownish yellow clay corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 38 to 47 inches—moderately acid, light brownish gray Cropland clay with brownish yellow relict mottles Major limitations: Underlying layer: • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching of 47 to 80 inches—neutral, light brownish gray shale chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; with pale brown, pinkish gray, and yellowish selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a brown lithochromic mottles low potential for leaching, along with proper Soil Properties and Qualities application methods, are needed to properly manage this soil Depth: Deep Minor limitations: Drainage class: Well drained • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to Water table: More than 6 feet maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of Hazard of flooding: None this soil; when adequate erosion-control Runoff: Low measures are applied and organic matter Permeability: Very slow maintained, this soil is very productive Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Interpretive Groups Natural soil fertility: High Land capability classification: IVe Shrink-swell potential: High Woodland management group: 10 Water erosion hazard: Slight Pasture management group: 5 Land Use Dominant uses: Woodland LaA—LaCerda clay loam, 0 to 1 percent Other uses: Pastureland slopes Woodland Setting Major limitations: Landform: Uplands • None Distinctive landform features: Gilgai Minor limitations: Landform position: Toeslopes • The use of some types of equipment may be Slope: Nearly level restricted during wet seasons Shape of areas: Broad and irregular • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Size of areas: 100 to 150 acres for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Composition Pasture and hayland LaCerda and similar soils: 90 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • This soil is moderately well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • Latex soils are loamy throughout and are in slightly • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey higher landscape positions subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant production Typical Profile • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions Surface layer: of fertilizer 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark brown clay loam Houston County, Texas 81
Cropland 15 to 34 inches—very strongly acid, variegated grayish brown and yellowish red clay Major limitations: 34 to 49 inches—strongly acid, gray clay with red and • This soil has a high potential for leaching and a yellowish brown relict mottles moderate potential for loss of fertilizers and pesticides by soil erosion; to prevent Underlying layer: contamination of ground water and surface water, 49 to 80 inches—neutral, layered brownish yellow the proper application rates of fertilizers, shale with texture of clay with grayish brown selection of chemicals with a low potential for streaks leaching, and good erosion-control measures are Soil Properties and Qualities needed in the management of this soil • High amounts of organic matter should be returned Depth: Deep to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil Drainage class: Well drained tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as Water table: More than 6 feet terraces and contour farming, are often needed Hazard of flooding: None Minor limitations: Runoff: Medium • None Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Interpretive Groups Root zone: Very deep Land capability classification: IIIw Natural soil fertility: High Woodland management group: 21 Shrink-swell potential: High Pasture management group: 7 Water erosion hazard: Moderate Land Use LaB—LaCerda clay loam, 1 to 3 percent Dominant uses: Woodland slopes Other uses: Pastureland
Setting Woodland Landform: Uplands Major limitations: Distinctive landform features: Gilgai • None Landform position: Stream divides Minor limitations: Slope: Very gently sloping • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Shape of areas: Broad and irregular for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Size of areas: 40 to 150 acres • The use of some types of equipment may be Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest restricted during wet seasons Composition Pasture and hayland LaCerda and similar soils: 90 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • This soil is moderately well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Contrasting Inclusions Minor limitations: • Latex soils are loamy throughout and are in slightly • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey higher landscape positions subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant production Typical Profile • Inadequate fertility are easily corrected with Surface layer: additions of fertilizer 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark brown clay loam with brown relict mottles Subsoil: 4 to 15 inches—very strongly acid, red silty clay with light brownish gray relict mottles 82 Soil Survey
Cropland 10 to 21 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with yellowish brown and light brownish gray relict Major limitations: mottles • This soil has a high potential for leaching and a 21 to 43 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown moderate potential for loss of fertilizers and clay with gray and light gray relict mottles pesticides by soil erosion; to prevent contamination of ground water and surface water, Underlying layer: the proper application rates of fertilizers, 43 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, weathered selection of chemicals with a low potential for strong brown and yellowish brown stratified shale leaching, and good erosion-control measures are and sandstone needed in the management of this soil Soil Properties and Qualities • High amounts of organic matter should be returned to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil Depth: Deep tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as Drainage class: Well drained terraces and contour farming, are often needed Water table: More than 6 feet Minor limitations: Hazard of flooding: None • None Runoff: Very high Permeability: Very slow Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Moderate Land capability classification: IIIe Root zone: Very deep Woodland management group: 21 Natural soil fertility: High Pasture management group: 7 Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Moderate LaE—LaCerda clay loam, 5 to 15 percent Land Use slopes Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland Setting Woodland Landform: Uplands Distinctive landform features: Gilgai Major limitations: Landform position: Side slopes • Low strength may severely restrict the use of roads Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep during wet seasons Shape of areas: Long and narrow • Steepness of slope severely restricts the use of Size of areas: 25 to 50 acres equipment during management operations Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Minor limitations: • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope Composition Pasture and hayland LaCerda and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Major limitations: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Contrasting Inclusions of grasses and legumes • Attoyac, Austonio, and Woden soils are loamy Minor limitations: throughout and are in lower landscape positions • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for Typical Profile plant production Surface layer: • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown clay loam of fertilizer Subsoil: Cropland 3 to 6 inches—strongly acid, strong brown clay 6 to 10 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red clay Major limitations: with yellowish brown relict mottles • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness of slope Minor limitations: • None Houston County, Texas 83
Interpretive Groups Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: High Land capability classification: VIe Shrink-swell potential: Low to moderate Woodland management group: 21 Water erosion hazard: Moderate Pasture management group: 13 Land Use Lc—Laneville loam, frequently flooded Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland Setting Woodland Landform: Flood plains Major limitations: Distinctive landform features: None • None Landform position: Bottomland flats Minor limitations: Slope: Nearly level • The use of some types of equipment may be Shape of areas: Long and narrow restricted when the water table is high or flooding Size of areas: 25 to 60 acres occurs Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest • Wetness will restrict road use when the water table Composition is high or during periods of flooding Laneville and similar soils: 85 percent Pasture and hayland Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • This soil is very well suited to the production of grasses and legumes • Ozias and Pophers soils have poor drainage and Minor limitations: are in slightly lower areas • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may Typical Profile interfere with the establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the forage produced Surface layers: 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, dark brown loam with Cropland strong brown masses of iron accumulation Major limitations: 5 to 12 inches—strongly acid, brown loam with • Seasonal wetness due to flooding may delay crop yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation planting; due to the wetness problem, careful Subsoil: consideration should be given to crop selection 12 to 34 inches—strongly acid, variegated dark Minor limitations: yellowish brown or yellowish brown and grayish • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers brown loam and pesticides by erosion or leaching 34 to 49 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown clay Interpretive Groups loam with yellowish brown, yellowish red, and red masses of iron accumulation Land capability classification: Vw 49 to 65 inches—moderately acid, dark gray clay with Woodland management group: 5 dark red and yellowish brown masses of iron Pasture management group: 4 accumulation 65 to 87 inches—neutral, dark gray clay with brown masses of iron accumulation LeB—Latex loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Soil Properties and Qualities Setting Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Landform: Uplands Water table: Perched at 1.5 to 3 feet during Distinctive landform features: None November through May Landform position: Stream divides and knolls Hazard of flooding: Frequent; brief duration Slope: Very gently sloping Runoff: Very low Shape of areas: Irregular Permeability: Slow Size of areas: 25 to 40 acres Available water capacity: High Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest 84 Soil Survey
Composition Woodland Latex and similar soils: 85 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • None Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • None • Etoile, Woodtell, and LaCerda soils have a clayey Pasture and hayland subsoil and are in slightly lower landscape positions Major limitations: • This soil is very well suited to the production of Typical Profile grasses and legumes Surface layer: Minor limitations: 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, very dark grayish • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brown loam corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Subsoil: Cropland 4 to 15 inches—strongly acid, strong brown loam Major limitations: 15 to 28 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow clay • This soil has a moderate potential for leaching and loam with light yellowish brown and yellowish red a high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil and masses of iron accumulation applied chemicals; proper chemical selection and 28 to 35 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow clay good erosion-control measures are necessary to loam with light yellowish brown and red masses prevent soil deterioration and contamination of of iron accumulation the surface and ground water 35 to 43 inches—strongly acid, variegated dark red Minor limitations: and yellowish brown clay with light brownish gray • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to streaks maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of 43 to 56 inches—strongly acid, variegated reddish this soil; when adequate erosion-control yellow and yellowish red clay with gray streaks measures and organic matter are applied, this 56 to 71 inches—strongly acid, brown clay with soil is very productive brownish yellow masses of iron accumulation and light brownish gray iron depletions Interpretive Groups 71 to 80 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown clay Land capability classification: IIe with light brownish gray iron depletions Woodland management group: 10 Soil Properties and Qualities Pasture management group: 1 Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained LtC—Lilbert loamy fine sand, 2 to 5 Water table: Perched at 3 to 4.5 feet during January percent slopes through April Hazard of flooding: None Setting Runoff: Low Permeability: Slow Landform: Uplands Available water capacity: High Distinctive landform features: None Root zone: Very deep Landform position: Stream divides Natural soil fertility: Medium Slope: Gently sloping Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Shape of areas: Irregular Water erosion hazard: Moderate Size of areas: 20 to 60 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Land Use Composition Dominant uses: Pastureland and woodland Other uses: Cropland Lilbert and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Houston County, Texas 85
Contrasting Inclusions Pasture and hayland • Sacul soils have a loamy surface, a clayey subsoil Major limitations: within 15 inches, and are in slightly lower • This soil is moderately well suited to the production landscape positions of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Typical Profile • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface Surface layer: layer allowing rapid movement of water and 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, brown loamy fine nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low sand inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for plant production Subsurface layer: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 5 to 27 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown loamy corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer fine sand Cropland Subsoil: 27 to 38 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown Major limitations: sandy clay loam • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, 38 to 43 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; sandy clay loam with red and light gray mottles a good erosion-control program is necessary to 43 to 54 inches—very strongly acid, strong brown prevent soil loss and contamination of surface sandy clay loam with red and light gray mottles water 54 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, dark red sandy • High amounts of organic matter are needed on this clay loam with strong brown and light gray soil to help hold adequate amounts of moisture in mottles the root zone and to reduce leaching of plant nutrients Soil Properties and Qualities Minor limitations: Depth: Very deep • None Drainage class: Well drained Interpretive Groups Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Land capability classification: IIIs Runoff: Very low Woodland management group: 11 Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; Pasture management group: 12 subsoil—moderately slow Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep LvC—Lovelady loamy sand, 1 to 5 percent Natural soil fertility: Medium slopes Shrink-swell potential: Low Water erosion hazard: Moderate Setting Land Use Landform: Uplands Distinctive landform features: None Dominant uses: Pastureland and cropland Landform position: Stream divides Other uses: Woodland Slope: Gently sloping Shape of areas: Oblong Woodland Size of areas: 30 to 50 acres Major limitations: Native vegetation: Pine forest • None Composition Minor limitations: • The low available water capacity of this soil may Lovelady and similar soils: 90 percent cause moderate seedling mortality Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • The low available water capacity causes Contrasting Inclusions competition for moisture between seedlings and other plants • Moswell soils have a loamy surface, a dense clayey subsoil within 12 inches, and are in slightly lower landscape positions 86 Soil Survey
Typical Profile Minor limitations: • The sandy surface may interfere with equipment Surface layers: use during dry periods 0 to 4 inches—slightly acid, very dark grayish brown loamy sand Pasture and hayland 4 to 11 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown Major limitations: loamy sand • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Subsurface layer: of grasses and legumes 11 to 26 inches—moderately acid, pale brown loamy Minor limitations: fine sand • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface layer allowing rapid movement of water and Subsoil: nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low 26 to 42 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for sandy clay loam with yellowish red masses of iron plant production accumulation and very pale brown streaks • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 42 to 50 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fine corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer sandy loam with dark yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation and pale brown streaks Cropland 50 to 62 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish Major limitations: gray clay loam with dark red and brownish yellow • This soil has a high potential for loss of topsoil, masses of iron accumulation and pale brown fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; streaks a good erosion-control program is necessary to 62 to 70 inches—extremely acid, light brownish gray prevent soil loss and contamination of surface sandy clay loam with dark red and light brown water masses of iron accumulation • High amounts of organic matter are needed on this 70 to 76 inches—extremely acid, light gray sandy clay soil to help hold adequate amounts of moisture in loam with red, dark red, and light gray masses of the root zone and to reduce leaching of plant iron accumulation nutrients 76 to 80 inches—extremely acid, light grayish brown Minor limitations: sandy clay loam with pale yellow and dark red • None mottles Interpretive Groups Soil Properties and Qualities Land capability classification: IIIs Depth: Very deep Woodland management group: 16 Drainage class: Well drained Pasture management group: 12 Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Very low LvD—Lovelady loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; slopes subsoil—moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Setting Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform: Uplands Shrink-swell potential: Low Distinctive landform features: None Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform position: Side slopes Slope: Moderately sloping Land Use Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 25 to 40 acres Dominant uses: Woodland and pastureland Native vegetation: Pine forest Other uses: Cropland Composition Woodland Lovelady and similar soils: 90 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • The reduced availability of moisture during dry periods may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Houston County, Texas 87
Contrasting Inclusions Pasture and hayland • Moswell soils have a loamy surface and a clayey Major limitations: subsoil within 12 inches • This soil is moderately well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Typical Profile Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark gray loamy sand layer allowing rapid movement of water and nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low Subsurface layers: inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for 4 to 17 inches—strongly acid, brown loamy fine sand plant production 17 to 24 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loamy fine • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily sand corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Subsoil: Cropland 24 to 41 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow sandy clay loam with pale brown streaks Major limitations: 41 to 54 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness sandy clay loam with dark red masses of iron of slope accumulation and pale brown streaks Minor limitations: 54 to 67 inches—very strongly acid, light gray sandy • None clay with dark red masses of iron accumulation Interpretive Groups Underlying layer: Land capability classification: IVe 67 to 81 inches—very strongly acid, light gray sandy Woodland management group: 16 clay loam with yellowish red and strong brown Pasture management group: 12 mottles Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Very deep MoA—Mollville loam, 0 to 1 percent Drainage class: Well drained slopes Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Setting Runoff: Low Landform: Stream terraces Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; Distinctive landform features: None subsoil—moderate Landform position: Toeslopes Available water capacity: Moderate Slope: Nearly level Root zone: Very deep Shape of areas: Oblong Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 25 to 35 acres Shrink-swell potential: Low Native vegetation: Hardwood forest Water erosion hazard: Moderate Composition Land Use Mollville and similar soils: 85 percent Dominant uses: Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting Inclusions Woodland • Annona soils have a clayey subsoil, are not as wet, Major limitations: and are in slightly higher landscape positions • The loose, sandy surface and steep slopes • Besner soils are not as wet and are in slightly severely restrict the use of equipment during higher landscape positions management operations • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, are not as Minor limitations: wet, and are in slightly higher landscape • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion positions following harvesting or other disturbance 88 Soil Survey
Typical Profile Pasture and hayland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 2 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown loam • This soil is moderately suited or poorly suited to the with pale brown stains production of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Severe wetness, water ponding on the surface, and 2 to 10 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loam with poor internal drainage limit production dark brown and grayish brown masses of iron • Extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, accumulation maintenance, and harvesting of the forage Subsoil: produced 10 to 22 inches—strongly acid, light grayish brown silt Cropland loam with strong brown masses of iron accumulation and very pale brown streaks Major limitations: 22 to 28 inches—strongly acid, brown silt loam with • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to very pale brown streaks the wetness problem, careful consideration 28 to 40 inches—strongly acid, very dark grayish should be given to crop selection brown silt loam with strong brown masses of iron Minor limitations: accumulation and very pale brown streaks • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers 40 to 63 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish and pesticides by erosion or leaching brown clay loam with strong brown masses of Interpretive Groups iron accumulation and light brownish gray iron depletions Land capability classification: IVw 63 to 84 inches—very strongly acid, light gray fine Woodland management group: 23 sandy loam with grayish brown and strong brown Pasture management group: 15 masses of iron accumulation Soil Properties and Qualities MpA—Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 Depth: Very deep percent slopes Drainage class: Poorly drained Water table: Perched at 0.5 to 1 foot during Setting November through March Hazard of flooding: None Landform: Stream terraces Runoff: Negligible Distinctive landform features: Mounded Permeability: Slow Landform position: Toeslopes; Mollville—concave, low Available water capacity: High areas; Besner—mounds Root zone: Very deep Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Natural soil fertility: Medium Shape of areas: Oblong Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Size of areas: 20 to 45 acres Water erosion hazard: Slight Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Land Use Composition Dominant uses: Woodland Mollville and similar soils: 45 percent Other uses: Pastureland Besner and similar soils: 40 percent Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high water • Annona soils have a clayey subsoil and are in table severely restricts the use of equipment slightly higher landscape positions • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, are not as and space from invading plants to severely wet, and are in higher landscape positions reduce the success of regeneration efforts Minor limitations: • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling mortality Houston County, Texas 89
Typical Profile Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Negligible Mollville Permeability: Mollville—slow; Besner—moderate Surface layer: Available water capacity: Mollville—high; 0 to 7 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown loam Besner—moderate with yellowish brown masses of iron Root zone: Very deep accumulation Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Mollville—moderate; Subsurface layer: Besner—low 7 to 14 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish Water erosion hazard: Mollville—slight; gray loam with yellowish brown masses of iron Besner—moderate accumulation Land Use Subsoil: 14 to 30 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown Dominant uses: Woodland clay loam with brown masses of iron Other uses: Pastureland accumulation 30 to 44 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown Woodland clay loam with dark grayish brown masses of iron Major limitations: accumulation • Mollville—wetness from ponding or a high water 44 to 52 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown table severely restricts the use of equipment clay loam with dark grayish brown and yellowish • Mollville—low strength may severely restrict the use brown masses of iron accumulation of roads during wet seasons 52 to 80 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray • Mollville—abundant moisture causes competition fine sandy loam with strong brown masses of iron for sunlight and space from invading plants to accumulation severely reduce the success of regeneration Besner efforts • Mollville—long duration of wetness due to ponding Surface layer: or a high water table makes this soil unsuited for 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, brown fine sandy pine management loam Minor limitations: Subsurface layers: • None 5 to 14 inches—moderately acid, pale brown fine Pasture and hayland sandy loam 14 to 36 inches—moderately acid, yellowish brown Major limitations: fine sandy loam • These soils are moderately suited or poorly suited to the production of grasses and legumes Subsoil: Minor limitations: 36 to 46 inches—strongly acid, variegated pale • Mollville—severe wetness, water ponding on the brown and brownish yellow fine sandy loam surface, and poor internal drainage limit 46 to 61 inches—strongly acid, reddish yellow loam production with reddish yellow masses of iron accumulation • Mollville—extreme wetness interferes with the and very pale brown streaks establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of 61 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow the forage produced loam with strong brown masses of iron • Besner—Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are accumulation and light gray streaks easily corrected with additions of lime and Soil Properties and Qualities fertilizer Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Mollville—poorly drained; Besner—well drained Water table: Mollville—perched at 0.5 to 1 foot during November through March; Besner—apparent at 4 to 6 feet during January and February 90 Soil Survey
Cropland Subsurface layer: 3 to 6 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loam with Major limitations: light gray and strong brown relict masses of iron • Mollville—seasonal wetness may delay crop accumulation planting; due to the wetness problem, careful consideration should be given to crop selection Subsoil: • Besner—a high potential for loss of topsoil, 6 to 11 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish red clay fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; with strong brown relict masses of iron a good erosion-control program is necessary to accumulation prevent soil loss and contamination of surface 11 to 17 inches—strongly acid, yellowish red clay water with pale brown relict iron depletions Minor limitations: 17 to 23 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red • Mollville—a low potential for loss of fertilizers and and light brownish gray clay pesticides by erosion or leaching 23 to 46 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish • Besner—moderate amounts of organic matter are gray clay with red relict masses of iron needed to maintain the tilth and water-holding accumulation capacity of this soil; when adequate erosion- Underlying layer: control measures and organic matter are applied, 46 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, horizontally this soil is very productive bedded layers of light brownish gray, strong Interpretive Groups brown, and yellowish brown shale with a clay texture Land capability classification: Mollville—IVw; Besner—IIe Soil Properties and Qualities Woodland management group: Mollville—23; Depth: Deep Besner—10 Drainage class: Well drained Pasture management group: Mollville—15; Besner—1 Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None MsB—Moswell loam, 1 to 3 percent Runoff: Medium slopes Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Setting Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform: Uplands Shrink-swell potential: High Distinctive landform features: None Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform position: Stream divides Land Use Slope: Very gently sloping Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Dominant uses: Woodland Size of areas: 35 to 80 acres Other uses: Pastureland Native vegetation: Pine forest Woodland Composition Major limitations: Moswell and similar soils: 85 percent • None Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • The use of some types of equipment may be restricted when the water table is high • Fuller, Keltys, and Kurth soils are loamy throughout • Low strength may limit road use by heavy and are in slightly lower landscape positions equipment • Lovelady soils have a sandy surface, a loamy subsoil, and are in slightly higher landscape Pasture and hayland positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Surface layer: of grasses and legumes 0 to 3 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown loam Houston County, Texas 91
Minor limitations: Typical Profile • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey Surface layer: subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for 0 to 3 inches—strongly acid, brown loam plant production • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Subsurface layer: corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 3 to 6 inches—strongly acid, pale brown loam Cropland Subsoil: 6 to 16 inches—strongly acid, red clay with grayish Major limitations: brown relict iron depletions and yellowish brown • This soil has a high potential for leaching of relict masses of iron accumulation chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; 16 to 22 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown clay selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a with red relict masses of iron accumulation low potential for leaching, along with proper 22 to 47 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish application methods, are needed to properly gray clay with red and strong brown relict masses manage this soil of iron accumulation • High amounts of organic matter should be returned to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil Underlying layers: tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as 47 to 59 inches—very strongly acid, pale brown shale terraces and contour farming, are often needed with red and yellow mottles Minor limitations: 59 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, light yellowish • None brown mudstone Interpretive Groups Soil Properties and Qualities Land capability classification: IIIe Depth: Deep Woodland management group: 15 Drainage class: Well drained Pasture management group: 9 Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Very high MsE—Moswell loam, 5 to 15 percent Permeability: Very slow slopes Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Setting Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Landform: Uplands Water erosion hazard: Moderate Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Side slopes Land Use Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Dominant uses: Woodland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Other uses: Pastureland Size of areas: 50 to 75 acres Native vegetation: Pine forest Woodland Composition Major limitations: Moswell and similar soils: 85 percent • Low strength may severely restrict the use of roads Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent during wet periods Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • The use of some types of equipment may be • Keltys and Kurth soils are loamy throughout and restricted when the water table is high or flooding are in slightly higher landscape positions occurs • Lovelady soils have a sandy surface, a loamy Pasture and hayland subsoil, and are in slightly higher landscape positions Major limitations: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production of grasses and legumes 92 Soil Survey
Minor limitations: Subsurface layer: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 4 to 23 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray fine subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for sandy loam with yellowish brown and brown plant production masses • On steeper slopes, water runoff is greater and less Subsoil: water enters the root zone for plant production 23 to 38 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of sandy loam with very pale brown streaks excessive erosion during pasture establishment 38 to 56 inches—neutral, grayish brown loam with or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed brownish yellow masses of iron accumulation and Cropland very pale brown streaks 56 to 64 inches—neutral, dark grayish brown loam Major limitations: and light olive brown silty clay loam with light gray • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness streaks of slope Minor limitations: Underlying layer: • None 64 to 80 inches—slightly acid, light olive brown silt loam Interpretive Groups Multey Land capability classification: VIe Woodland management group: 15 Surface layer: Pasture management group: 13 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown fine sandy loam MxA—Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 Subsurface layers: percent slopes 5 to 14 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam 14 to 22 inches—slightly acid, pale brown fine sandy loam Setting 22 to 29 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy Landform: Stream terraces loam and yellowish brown loam with light Distinctive landform features: Mounds brownish gray streaks Landform position: Toeslopes; Moten—concave, low 29 to 39 inches—strongly acid, pale brown fine sandy areas between mounds; Multey—mounds loam and brownish yellow loam with light Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping brownish gray streaks Shape of areas: Oblong Subsoil: Size of areas: 30 to 100 acres 39 to 57 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest loam with red, dark yellowish brown, and light Composition brownish gray relict masses of iron accumulation and pale brown and light yellowish brown streaks Moten and similar soils: 55 percent 57 to 62 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown Multey and similar soils: 35 percent very fine sandy loam with brownish yellow relict Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent masses of iron accumulation Contrasting Inclusions Underlying layer: • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, are not as 62 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow wet, and are in higher landscape positions and grayish brown stratified fine sandy loam Soil Properties and Qualities Typical Profile Depth: Very deep Moten Drainage class: Moten—somewhat poorly drained; Surface layer: Multey—well drained 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy Water table: Moten—perched at 2.5 to 5 feet during loam January through April; Multey—more than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Moten—very low; Multey—low Permeability: Moten—slow; Multey—moderate Houston County, Texas 93
Available water capacity: Moderate • Mutley—moderate amounts of organic matter are Root zone: Very deep needed to maintain the tilth and water-holding Natural soil fertility: Medium capacity of this soil; when adequate erosion- Shrink-swell potential: Low control measures and organic matter are applied, Water erosion hazard: Moderate this soil is very productive Land Use Interpretive Groups Dominant uses: Woodland Land capability classification: Moten—IIw; Other uses: Pastureland Multey—IIs Woodland management group: Moten—12; Woodland Multey—18 Pasture management group: Moten—15; Multey—1 Major limitations: • None Minor limitations: NaG—Naclina clay loam, 15 to 35 percent • Moten—the use of some types of equipment may slopes, eroded be restricted when the water table is high • Moten—poor drainage may cause moderate pine Setting seedling mortality • Moten—the abundance of moisture may cause Landform: Uplands competition for sunlight between seedlings and Distinctive landform features: None other plants Landform position: Escarpment side slopes Slope: Moderately steep to steep Pasture and hayland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Major limitations: Size of areas: 50 to 130 acres • These soils are moderately suited or poorly suited Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest to the production of grasses and legumes Composition Minor limitations: • Moten—extreme wetness, water ponding on the Naclina and similar soils: 85 percent surface, and poor internal drainage limit Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent production Contrasting Inclusions • Moten—extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of • Darco and Tenaha soils have a sandy surface more the forage produced than 20 inches thick and a loamy subsoil • Multey—soil acidity and inadequate fertility are Typical Profile easily corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Surface layer: 0 to 3 inches—slightly acid, very dark grayish brown Cropland clay loam Major limitations: Subsoil: • Moten—seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; 3 to 9 inches—strongly acid, red clay with dark brown due to the wetness problem, careful relict masses of iron accumulation consideration should be given to crop selection 9 to 16 inches—strongly acid, strong brown clay with • Multey—a high potential for loss of topsoil, fertilizer, brown relict masses of iron accumulation insecticides, and herbicides by erosion; a good 16 to 29 inches—slightly acid, light olive brown clay erosion-control program is necessary to prevent with yellowish red relict masses of iron soil loss and contamination of surface water accumulation Minor limitations: 29 to 41 inches—slightly alkaline, variegated grayish • Moten—a medium potential for erosion loss of brown, yellowish brown, and brownish yellow clay nutrients and pesticides that could possibly contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- Underlying layer: control measures should be applied to reduce 41 to 80 inches—slightly alkaline, dark brown shale this risk with a clay texture 94 Soil Survey
Soil Properties and Qualities Nc—Naconiche mucky sandy loam, 0 to 2 Depth: Deep percent slopes Drainage class: Well drained Water table: More than 6 feet Setting Hazard of flooding: None Landform: Flood plains Runoff: Very high Distinctive landform features: None Permeability: Very slow Landform position: Bottomland flats Available water capacity: Moderate Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping Root zone: Very deep Shape of areas: Long and narrow Natural soil fertility: High Size of areas: 25 to 40 acres Shrink-swell potential: High Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Water erosion hazard: Severe Composition Land Use Naconiche and similar soils: 90 percent Dominant uses: Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting Inclusions Woodland • Rentzel soils are moderately well drained and have Major limitations: a loamy subsoil • Steepness of slope severely restricts the use of equipment during management operations Typical Profile • Steepness of slope may cause severe road-surface Surface layers: or road-ditch erosion 0 to 8 inches—very strongly acid, black mucky sandy • Steepness of slope may cause a rapid rate of loam with gray spots of sand erosion following harvesting or other disturbance 8 to 14 inches—strongly acid, black mucky sandy Minor limitations: loam • The low available water capacity of this soil may 14 to 25 inches—strongly acid, black loamy fine sand cause moderate seedling mortality with dark gray and gray spots of sand • The low available water capacity causes competition for moisture between seedlings and Underlying layers: other plants 25 to 38 inches—strongly acid, gray fine sand with very dark gray and gray spots of sand Pasture and hayland 38 to 55 inches—strongly acid, gray to light gray fine Major limitations: sand with white spots of sand • This soil is not suited to pastureland due to 55 to 80 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray steepness of slope fine sand with white spots of sand Minor limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Production is severely limited by the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant Depth: Very deep production Drainage class: Very poorly drained • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily Water table: Apparent at 0 to 1 foot throughout the corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer year in most years Hazard of flooding: Frequent; long to very long Cropland duration Major limitations: Runoff: Negligible • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness Permeability: Moderately rapid of slope Available water capacity: Moderate Minor limitations: Root zone: Very deep • None Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Interpretive Groups Water erosion hazard: Moderate Land capability classification: VIe Woodland management group: 29 Pasture management group: 19 Houston County, Texas 95
Land Use Size of areas: 20 to 50 acres Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland Composition Nahatche and similar soils: 90 percent Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • Long duration of wetness due to flooding or a high water table makes this soil unsuited for pine • Ozias soils are clayey throughout and are wetter management Typical Profile • Wetness severely restricts road use when the water table is high or during periods of flooding Surface layers: • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high water 0 to 5 inches—moderately acid, dark grayish brown table severely restricts the use of equipment loam • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight 5 to 9 inches—moderately acid, variegated dark and space from invading plants to severely grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, and dark reduce the success of regeneration efforts brown fine sandy loam Minor limitations: Subsoil: • None 9 to 24 inches—neutral, dark grayish brown clay loam Pasture and hayland with dark yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation Major limitations: 24 to 40 inches—slightly acid, dark grayish brown • This soil is not suited to pastureland due to frequent clay loam with yellowish brown and brown flooding and high water table masses of iron accumulation Minor limitations: 40 to 54 inches—slightly acid, grayish brown loam • Flooding and wetness interfere with the with yellowish brown masses of iron establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of accumulation and streaks of light gray clean sand the forage produced • Severe wetness, water ponding on the surface, and Buried surface layers: poor internal drainage limit production 54 to 69 inches—neutral, dark gray clay loam with dark yellowish brown masses of iron Cropland accumulation and streaks of light gray clean sand Major limitations: 69 to 80 inches—neutral, dark gray clay loam with • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to dark yellowish brown masses of iron the wetness problem, careful consideration accumulation and streaks of light gray clean sand should be given to crop selection Soil Properties and Qualities Minor limitations: • None Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Interpretive Groups Water table: Apparent at 0.5 foot to 1.5 feet during Land capability classification: VIIw November through May Woodland management group: 4 Hazard of flooding: Frequent; very brief to brief Pasture management group: 19 duration Runoff: Negligible Permeability: Moderate Nh—Nahatche loam, frequently flooded Available water capacity: High Root zone: Very deep Setting Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Landform: Flood plains Water erosion hazard: Slight Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Bottomland flats Land Use Slope: Nearly level Shape of areas: Long and narrow Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland 96 Soil Survey
Woodland Composition Major limitations: Ozias and similar soils: 45 percent • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high water Pophers and similar soils: 40 percent table severely restricts the use of equipment Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • Low strength may severely restrict the use of roads Contrasting Inclusions during wet seasons Minor limitations: • Iulus soils are less clayey throughout, are not as • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling wet, and are in slightly higher positions on the mortality flood plain • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, are not as Pasture and hayland wet, and are in higher landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • This soil is poorly suited or very poorly suited to the production of grasses and legumes Ozias Minor limitations: Surface layer: • Severe wetness, water ponding on the surface, 0 to 5 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish brown flooding, and poor internal drainage limit silty clay loam with strong brown masses of iron production accumulation • Extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the forage Subsoil: produced 5 to 15 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown silty clay with yellowish brown masses of iron Cropland accumulation Major limitations: 15 to 28 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown • Seasonal wetness due to flooding may delay crop silty clay with yellowish brown and strong brown planting; due to the wetness problem, careful masses of iron accumulation consideration should be given to crop selection 28 to 40 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown Minor limitations: silty clay with strong brown masses of iron • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers accumulation and pesticides by erosion or leaching 40 to 63 inches—very strongly acid, gray silty clay with strong brown masses of iron accumulation Interpretive Groups 63 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, gray silty clay Land capability classification: Vw with strong brown and dark gray masses of iron Woodland management group: 3 accumulation Pasture management group: 17 Pophers Surface layer: Oz—Ozias-Pophers complex, frequently 0 to 5 inches—very strongly acid, brown silty clay flooded loam 5 to 18 inches—strongly acid, light grayish brown silty Setting clay loam Landform: Flood plains Subsoil: Distinctive landform features: Mounds 18 to 30 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown Landform position: Mounded bottomlands; silty clay loam with light brownish gray iron Ozias—concave, low areas between mounds; depletions Pophers—mounds 30 to 47 inches—very strongly acid, dark gray silty Slope: Nearly level clay with light brownish gray iron depletions Shape of areas: Irregular 47 to 60 inches—strongly acid, dark gray silty clay Size of areas: 50 to 175 acres with light brownish gray iron depletions Native vegetation: Hardwood forest 60 to 69 inches—strongly acid, dark gray silty clay with light brownish gray iron depletions 69 to 80 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silty clay with light brownish gray iron depletions Houston County, Texas 97
Soil Properties and Qualities Interpretive Groups Depth: Very deep Land capability classification: Vw Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Woodland management group: 3 Water table: Ozias—perched at 0 to 1.5 feet during Pasture management group: 17 December through May; Pophers—apparent at 1 foot to 2 feet during January through June Hazard of flooding: Frequent; long duration PeB—Penning very fine sandy loam, Runoff: Ozias—low; Pophers—very low 0 to 4 percent slopes Permeability: Ozias—very slow; Pophers—moderately slow Setting Available water capacity: High Landform: Uplands Root zone: Very deep Distinctive landform features: None Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform position: Toeslopes and drainageways Shrink-swell potential: Ozias—high; Slope: Nearly level to gently sloping Pophers—moderate Shape of areas: Oblong Water erosion hazard: Slight Size of areas: 35 to 75 acres Land Use Native vegetation: Pine forest Dominant uses: Woodland Composition Other uses: Pastureland Penning and similar soils: 90 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Woodland Contrasting Inclusions Major limitations: • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high water • Herty and Moswell soils have a clayey subsoil table severely restricts the use of equipment within 12 inches and are in slightly higher • Wetness may cause a high rate of seedling landscape positions mortality Typical Profile Minor limitations: • Abundance of moisture may cause competition for Surface layer: sunlight between seedlings and other plants 0 to 4 inches—moderately acid, brown very fine sandy loam with dark brown masses of iron Pasture and hayland accumulation Major limitations: Subsurface layers: • These soils are poorly suited to the production of 4 to 9 inches—strongly acid, brown very fine sandy grasses and legumes loam with brownish yellow masses of iron Minor limitations: accumulation • Severe wetness, water ponding on the surface, 9 to 19 inches—strongly acid, pale brown very fine flooding, and poor internal drainage limit sandy loam with brownish yellow masses of iron production accumulation • Extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the forage Subsoil: produced 19 to 24 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown fine sandy loam with grayish brown iron depletions Cropland and light brownish gray streaks Major limitations: 24 to 38 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow • Flooding and seasonal wetness may delay crop loam with grayish brown iron depletions and light planting; due to the wetness problem, careful brownish gray streaks consideration should be given to crop selection 38 to 50 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow Minor limitations: sandy clay loam with yellowish red masses of • A low potential for loss of fertilizers and pesticides iron accumulation and light brownish gray streaks by erosion or leaching 50 to 56 inches—moderately acid, grayish brown sandy clay loam with brownish yellow masses of iron accumulation and light brownish gray streaks 98 Soil Survey
Underlying layer: • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to 56 to 70 inches—neutral, light brownish gray shale the wetness problem, careful consideration with a texture of clay should be given to crop selection Minor limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • None Depth: Deep Interpretive Groups Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: Perched at 1.5 to 4 feet during January Land capability classification: IIw through April Woodland ordination symbol: 12 Hazard of flooding: None Pasture management group: 6 Runoff: Very low Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: Moderate PnA—Percilla clay loam, 0 to 1 percent Root zone: Very deep slopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Setting Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform: Uplands Land Use Distinctive landform features: Depressional areas Landform position: Low, concave areas on toeslopes Dominant uses: Woodland Slope: Nearly level Other uses: Pastureland Shape of areas: Round Size of areas: 15 to 40 acres Woodland Native vegetation: Hardwood forest Major limitations: Composition • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight and space from invading plants to severely Percilla and similar soils: 85 percent reduce the success of regeneration efforts Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • Low strength may limit the use of roads by heavy equipment • Alto soils are moderately well drained and are in • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope higher landscape positions • Chireno soils are moderately well drained and are Pasture and hayland in slightly higher landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Surface layer: Minor limitations: 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, grayish brown clay loam • Slightly wet conditions during the winter and early Subsoil: spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the 4 to 18 inches—strongly acid, light brownish gray and grazing rotation, or the use of equipment yellowish brown clay • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 18 to 39 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer gray and strong brown clay Cropland 39 to 75 inches—very strongly acid, light gray, yellowish brown, brownish yellow, and yellow clay Major limitations: • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of Underlying layer: topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by 75 to 83 inches—neutral, stratified strong brown, erosion; a good erosion-control program is yellowish brown, and light olive brown weathered necessary to prevent soil loss and contamination glauconitic material with texture of loam of surface water Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Poorly drained Houston County, Texas 99
Water table: Seasonal water stands on the surface for Po—Pophers silt loam, frequently flooded several days after most rains; perched at +1 to 0.5 foot during January through March Setting Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Negligible Landform: Flood plains Permeability: Very slow Distinctive landform features: None Available water capacity: High Landform position: Bottomland flats Root zone: Very deep Slope: Nearly level Natural soil fertility: Medium Shape of areas: Irregular Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Size of areas: 50 to 110 acres Water erosion hazard: Slight Native vegetation: Hardwood forest Land Use Composition Dominant uses: Woodland Pophers and similar soils: 85 percent Other uses: Pastureland Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Contrasting Inclusions Woodland • Iulus soils have less silt and clay, are not as wet, Major limitations: and are in slightly higher landscape positions • Wetness may cause a high rate of seedling • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, are not as mortality wet, and are in higher landscape positions • Wetness severely restricts road use when the water table is high or during wet seasons Typical Profile • Wetness from ponding or a high water table Surface layer: severely restricts the use of equipment 0 to 10 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown silt • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight loam with strong brown stains and space from invading plants to severely 10 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown reduce the success of regeneration efforts silty clay loam with grayish brown masses of iron Minor limitations: accumulation • None Subsoil: Pasture and hayland 16 to 23 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish Major limitations: brown silty clay loam with yellowish brown • This soil is moderately suited or poorly suited to the masses of iron accumulation and gray iron production of grasses and legumes depletions Minor limitations: 23 to 30 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown • Extreme wetness, water ponding on the surface, silty clay loam with yellowish brown masses of and poor internal drainage limit production iron accumulation • Extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, 30 to 61 inches—very strongly acid, grayish brown maintenance, and harvesting of the forage silty clay loam with pale brown masses of iron produced accumulation and light gray iron depletions 61 to 82 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish Cropland brown silty clay loam with dark yellowish brown Major limitations: stains • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to Soil Properties and Qualities the wetness problem, careful consideration should be given to crop selection Depth: Very deep Minor limitations: Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers Water table: Apparent at 1 foot to 2 feet during and pesticides by erosion or leaching January through June Hazard of flooding: Frequent; brief duration Interpretive Groups Runoff: Very low Land capability classification: IVw Permeability: Moderately slow Woodland management group: 24 Available water capacity: High Pasture management group: 15 Root zone: Very deep 100 Soil Survey
Natural soil fertility: Medium Landform position: Toeslopes Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Slope: Nearly level Water erosion hazard: Moderate Shape of areas: Oblong Size of areas: 40 to 80 acres Land Use Native vegetation: Savannah Dominant uses: Woodland Composition Other uses: Pastureland Portersprings and similar soils: 85 percent Woodland Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Major limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a high water • Kaufman soils have a clayey texture throughout and table severely restricts the use of equipment are in slightly lower flood-prone areas • Wetness severely restricts road use when the water • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout and are in table is high or during periods of flooding slightly higher landscape positions • Wetness may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Typical Profile Minor limitations: Surface layers: • The abundance of moisture may cause competition 0 to 9 inches—very strongly acid, very dark grayish for sunlight between seedlings and other plants brown fine sandy loam Pasture and hayland 9 to 16 inches—very strongly acid, very dark grayish brown fine sandy loam with yellowish brown Major limitations: masses of iron accumulation • This soil is poorly suited to the production of grasses and legumes Subsoil: Minor limitations: 16 to 22 inches—very strongly acid, dark grayish • Extreme wetness, water ponding on the surface, brown sandy clay loam with strong brown masses flooding, and poor internal drainage limit of iron accumulation production 22 to 29 inches—very strongly acid, dark yellowish • Extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, brown sandy clay loam with strong brown and red maintenance, and harvesting of the forage masses of iron accumulation produced 29 to 51 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown fine sandy loam with strong brown masses of iron Cropland accumulation Major limitations: 51 to 72 inches—moderately acid to slightly alkaline, • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to brownish yellow to yellowish brown loamy fine the wetness problem, careful consideration sand with strong brown and dark yellowish brown should be given to crop selection masses of iron accumulation Minor limitations: Underlying layer: • This soil has a low potential for loss of fertilizers 72 to 87 inches—slightly alkaline, very pale brown and pesticides by erosion or leaching fine sand with yellowish brown masses of iron Interpretive Groups accumulation Land capability classification: Vw Soil Properties and Qualities Woodland management group: 3 Depth: Very deep Pasture management group: 17 Drainage class: Well drained Water table: More than 6 feet PsA—Portersprings fine sandy loam, Hazard of flooding: Rare 0 to 1 percent slopes Runoff: Negligible Permeability: Moderate Available water capacity: High Setting Root zone: Very deep Landform: Low stream terraces Natural soil fertility: Medium Distinctive landform features: None Houston County, Texas 101
Shrink-swell potential: Low Composition Water erosion hazard: Slight Rentzel and similar soils: 90 percent Land Use Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Dominant uses: Pastureland Contrasting Inclusions Other uses: Woodland • Sacul soils have a loamy surface, a clayey subsoil within 15 inches, and are in slightly lower Woodland landscape positions Major limitations: • Naconiche soils have a mollic surface and are very • None poorly drained Minor limitations: Typical Profile • None Surface layer: Pasture and hayland 0 to 6 inches—moderately acid, dark brown loamy Major limitations: fine sand • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses Subsurface layer: and legumes 6 to 26 inches—strongly acid, yellowish brown loamy Minor limitations: fine sand • Flooding and slight wetness in some years may interfere with the establishment, maintenance, Subsoil: and harvesting of the forage produced 26 to 50 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown • Inadequate fertility is easily corrected with additions and brownish yellow sandy clay loam with grayish of fertilizer brown and brownish gray iron depletions and strong brown masses of iron accumulation Cropland 50 to 59 inches—very strongly acid, variegated light Major limitations: brownish gray, pale brown, strong brown, and • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of yellowish red sandy clay loam topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by 59 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, brownish yellow erosion; a good erosion-control program is fine sandy loam with gray iron depletions and necessary to prevent soil loss and contamination yellowish red masses of iron accumulation of surface water Soil Properties and Qualities • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to the wetness problem, careful consideration Depth: Very deep should be given to crop selection Drainage class: Moderately well drained Minor limitations: Water table: Perched at 1.5 to 3 feet during January • None through March Hazard of flooding: None Interpretive Groups Runoff: Low Land capability classification: IIw Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; Woodland management group: 13 subsoil—moderately slow Pasture management group: 2 Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Natural soil fertility: Medium RnB—Rentzel loamy fine sand, 0 to 4 Shrink-swell potential: Low percent slopes Water erosion hazard: Moderate Setting Land Use Landform: Uplands Dominant uses: Woodland Distinctive landform features: None Other uses: Pastureland Landform position: Toeslopes Woodland Slope: Nearly level to gently sloping Shape of areas: Long and narrow Major limitations: Size of areas: 5 to 35 acres • None Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest 102 Soil Survey
Minor limitations: Composition • The use of some types of equipment may be Sacul and similar soils: 85 percent restricted when the water table is high Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling mortality Contrasting Inclusions • The abundance of moisture may cause competition • Darco, Lilbert, and Rentzel soils have a sandy for sunlight between seedlings and other plants surface at least 20 inches thick, a loamy subsoil, Pasture and hayland and are in slightly higher landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Surface layer: of grasses and legumes 0 to 8 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy Minor limitations: loam • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface layer allowing rapid movement of water and Subsurface layer: nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low 8 to 16 inches—strongly acid, light yellowish brown inherent soil fertility and limited water storage for fine sandy loam plant production Subsoil: • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 16 to 21 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer light brownish gray relict iron depletions • Slightly wet conditions during winter and early 21 to 26 inches—very strongly acid, dark red clay spring may interfere with harvesting hay, the with light brownish gray relict iron depletions grazing rotation, or the use of equipment 26 to 48 inches—very strongly acid, light brownish Cropland gray clay loam with dark red masses of iron accumulation Major limitations: • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to Underlying layer: the wetness problem, careful consideration 48 to 65 inches—very strongly acid, alternating layers should be given to crop selection of red sandstone with a texture of fine sandy Minor limitations: loam and light gray shale with a texture of clay • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of loam nutrients and pesticides that could possibly Soil Properties and Qualities contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- control measures should be applied to reduce Depth: Deep this risk Drainage class: Moderately well drained Water table: Perched at 2 to 4 feet during December Interpretive Groups through April Land capability classification: IIIw Hazard of flooding: None Woodland management group: 12 Runoff: Medium Pasture management group: 11 Permeability: Slow Available water capacity: High Root zone: Very deep SaB—Sacul fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Natural soil fertility: Medium percent slopes Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Moderate Setting Land Use Landform: Uplands Dominant uses: Woodland Distinctive landform features: None Other uses: Pastureland Landform position: Toeslopes or footslopes Slope: Very gently sloping Woodland Shape of areas: Irregular Size of areas: 20 to 50 acres Major limitations: Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest • None Houston County, Texas 103
Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • Low strength may limit road use by heavy • Mollville soils have a clayey subsoil, are poorly equipment drained, and are in similar positions • The use of some types of equipment may be restricted when the water table is high Typical Profile Pasture and hayland Sawlit Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 0 to 7 inches—strongly acid, dark brown loam with of grasses and legumes dark brown masses of iron accumulation Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 7 to 22 inches—strongly acid, brownish yellow loam subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for with yellowish red masses of iron accumulation plant production and brownish gray iron depletions and very pale • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brown streaks corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer 22 to 33 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown Cropland sandy clay loam with red masses of iron accumulation and gray iron depletions and light Major limitations: gray streaks • This soil has a high potential for leaching and a 33 to 49 inches—very strongly acid, variegated dark moderate potential for loss of fertilizers and red, strong brown, and gray clay loam pesticides by soil erosion; to prevent 49 to 62 inches—very strongly acid, gray clay loam contamination of ground water and surface water, with brownish yellow and dark reddish brown proper application rates of fertilizers, selection of masses of iron accumulation chemicals with a low potential for leaching, and 62 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red, good erosion-control measures are needed in the light gray, and brownish yellow clay management of this soil Minor limitations: Latex • None Surface layer: Interpretive Groups 0 to 6 inches—very strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy loam Land capability classification: IIIe Woodland management group: 14 Subsurface layer: Pasture management group: 9 6 to 20 inches—very strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam with dark yellowish brown stains SwA—Sawlit-Latex complex, 0 to 2 Subsoil: percent slopes 20 to 27 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown loam with yellowish red masses of iron accumulation Setting 27 to 36 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown Landform: Stream terraces sandy clay loam with dark red masses of iron Distinctive landform features: Mounds accumulation Landform position: Toeslopes; Sawlit—low, concave 36 to 45 inches—very strongly acid, yellowish brown areas between mounds; Latex—mounds sandy clay loam with reddish brown masses of Slope: Nearly level to very gently sloping iron accumulation and light gray streaks Shape of areas: Oblong 45 to 61 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red, Size of areas: 20 to 45 acres light gray, and yellowish brown sandy clay loam Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest 61 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red, strong brown, and gray clay loam Composition Soil Properties and Qualities Sawlit and similar soils: 55 percent Latex and similar soils: 30 percent Depth: Very deep Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent Drainage class: Moderately well drained 104 Soil Survey
Water table: Sawlit—perched at 2 to 3.5 feet during Interpretive Groups January through May; Latex—perched at 3 to 4.5 Land capability classification: Sawlit—IIw; Latex—IIe feet during December through April Woodland management group: Sawlit—12; Latex—10 Hazard of flooding: None Pasture management group: Sawlit—6; Latex—1 Runoff: Sawlit—very low; Latex—medium Permeability: Sawlit—very slow; Latex—slow Available water capacity: High TaE—Tenaha loamy fine sand, 5 to 15 Root zone: Very deep percent slopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Setting Water erosion hazard: Sawlit—moderate; Latex—slight Landform: Uplands Distinctive landform features: None Land Use Landform position: Side slopes Dominant uses: Pastureland Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Other uses: Woodland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 75 to 120 acres Woodland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Major limitations: Composition • None Tenaha and similar soils: 90 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • None Contrasting Inclusions Pasture and hayland • Cuthbert soils have a loamy surface, a clayey Major limitations: subsoil, and are in slightly lower landscape • These soils are well suited to the production of positions grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Typical Profile • Sawlit—slightly wet conditions during the winter Surface layer: and early spring may interfere with harvesting 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark grayish brown hay, the grazing rotation, or the use of equipment loamy fine sand • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Subsurface layer: 4 to 23 inches— strongly acid, light yellowish brown Cropland and pale brown loamy fine sand Major limitations: Subsoil: • Sawlit—seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; 23 to 34 inches— strongly acid, strong brown sandy due to the wetness problem, careful clay loam with dark reddish brown and yellowish consideration should be given to crop selection red masses of iron accumulation • These soils have a moderate potential for leaching 34 to 58 inches—very strongly acid or strongly acid, and a high potential for the erosion loss of topsoil variegated dark reddish brown, dark red, and applied chemicals; proper chemical selection yellowish brown, and light grayish brown sandy and good erosion-control measures are clay loam necessary to prevent soil deterioration and contamination of the surface and ground water Underlying layer: Minor limitations: 58 to 80 inches—very strongly acid, variegated light • Latex—moderate amounts of organic matter are gray and dark red shale with a texture of clay needed to maintain the tilth and water-holding loam and brownish yellow, strong brown, and capacity of this soil; when adequate erosion- light gray sandstone with a texture of fine sandy control measures and organic matter are applied, loam this soil is very productive Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Deep Drainage class: Well drained Houston County, Texas 105
Water table: More than 6 feet Interpretive Groups Hazard of flooding: None Land capability classification: VIe Runoff: Low Woodland management group: 16 Permeability: Surface and subsurface—rapid; Pasture management group: 16 subsoil—moderate Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Very deep Te—Texark clay, occasionally flooded Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Setting Water erosion hazard: Severe Landform: Flood plains Land Use Distinctive landform features: None Dominant uses: Woodland Landform position: Bottomland flats Other uses: Pastureland Slope: Nearly level Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Woodland Size of areas: 50 to 200 acres Native vegetation: Savannah Major limitations: • The droughty nature of this soil may cause a high Composition rate of seedling mortality Texark and similar soils: 85 percent • Erosion hazard is severe when trees are harvested Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent due to steepness of slope • The loose, sandy surface may severely restrict Contrasting Inclusions equipment use during dry periods • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, are not as Minor limitations: wet, and are in higher landscape positions • The low available water capacity causes • Kosse and Portersprings soils are loamy competition for moisture between seedlings and throughout, are not as wet, and are in slightly other plants higher landscape positions Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil is moderately suited or poorly suited to the 0 to 16 inches—slightly acid, very dark gray clay production of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface 16 to 56 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with layer allowing rapid movement of water and brownish masses of iron accumulation nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low 56 to 80 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with inherent soil fertility and limited water storage brownish masses of iron accumulation available for plant production Soil Properties and Qualities • On steeper slopes, equipment use is impaired due to the loose, sandy surface Depth: Very deep Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Cropland Water table: Apparent at 2 to 3.5 feet during Major limitations: December through May • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness Hazard of flooding: Occasional; brief duration of slope Runoff: Low Minor limitations: Permeability: Very slow • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of Available water capacity: Moderate fertilizer and chemicals by leaching; the selection Root zone: Very deep of chemicals with a low potential for leaching and Natural soil fertility: High correct application of fertilizer elements will help Shrink-swell potential: High to reduce the risk of subsurface water Water erosion hazard: Slight contamination 106 Soil Survey
Land Use Slope: Nearly level Shape of areas: Broad and irregular Dominant uses: Cropland and pastureland Size of areas: 75 to 125 acres Other uses: Woodland Native vegetation: Savannah Woodland Composition Major limitations: Texark and similar soils: 85 percent • Wetness from flooding or ponding severely restricts Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent the use of equipment Contrasting Inclusions • Poor drainage may cause rutting and severely restricts the use of roads during wet seasons • Hainesville soils are sandy throughout, are not as • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight wet, and are in higher landscape positions and space from invading plants to severely • Kosse and Portersprings soils are loamy reduce the success of regeneration efforts throughout, are not as wet, and are in slightly Minor limitations: higher landscape positions • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling Typical Profile mortality Surface layer: Pasture and hayland 0 to 13 inches—slightly acid, very dark gray clay Major limitations: Subsoil: • This soil is poorly suited to the production of 13 to 26 inches—slightly acid, dark gray clay with grasses and legumes strong brown masses of iron accumulation Minor limitations: 26 to 52 inches—neutral, dark gray clay with dark • Extreme wetness, water ponding on the surface, yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation flooding, and poor internal drainage limit 52 to 63 inches—neutral, dark gray clay with dark production yellowish brown masses of iron accumulation and • Extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, gray iron depletions maintenance, and harvesting of the forage 63 to 80 inches—neutral, grayish brown clay with produced dark grayish brown masses of iron accumulation Cropland Soil Properties and Qualities Major limitations: Depth: Very deep • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained the wetness problem, careful consideration Water table: Apparent at 2 to 3.5 feet during should be given to crop selection December through May Minor limitations: Hazard of flooding: Frequent; long duration • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of Runoff: Very low nutrients and pesticides that could possibly Permeability: Very slow contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- Available water capacity: Moderate control measures should be applied to reduce Root zone: Very deep this risk Natural soil fertility: High Interpretive Groups Shrink-swell potential: High Water erosion hazard: Slight Land capability classification: IIIw Woodland management group: 27 Land Use Pasture management group: 17 Dominant uses: Pastureland Other uses: Woodland Tf—Texark clay, frequently flooded Woodland Setting Major limitations: Landform: Flood plains • Wetness from flooding, ponding, or a wet season Distinctive landform features: None severely restricts the use of equipment Landform position: Bottomland flats Houston County, Texas 107
• Wetness severely restricts road use during wet Typical Profile seasons or flooding periods Surface layer: • Abundant moisture causes competition for sunlight 0 to 6 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sand and space from invading plants to severely reduce the success of regeneration efforts Subsoil: Minor limitations: 6 to 27 inches—strongly acid, light yellowish brown • Poor drainage may cause moderate pine seedling fine sand with very pale brown spots mortality 27 to 46 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown fine sand with white spots Pasture and hayland 46 to 70 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown fine Major limitations: sand • This soil is not suited to pastureland due to frequent 70 to 82 inches—strongly acid, very pale brown fine flooding sand with reddish yellow thin bands Minor limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • Extreme wetness interferes with the establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the forage Depth: Very deep produced Drainage class: Excessively drained Water table: More than 6 feet Cropland Hazard of flooding: None Major limitations: Runoff: Very low • This soil is not suited to cropland due to frequent Permeability: Rapid flooding Available water capacity: Low Minor limitations: Root zone: Very deep • Seasonal wetness may delay crop planting; due to Natural soil fertility: Low the wetness problem, careful consideration Shrink-swell potential: Low should go into crop selection Water erosion hazard: Severe Interpretive Groups Land Use Land capability classification: Vw Dominant uses: Pastureland and woodland Woodland management group: 27 Other uses: Cropland Pasture management group: 19 Woodland ToC—Tonkawa fine sand, 0 to 8 percent Major limitations: slopes • The droughty nature of this soil may cause a high rate of seedling mortality Minor limitations: Setting • The sandy surface may interfere with equipment Landform: Uplands use during dry periods Distinctive landform features: None • Low strength may limit road use by heavy Landform position: Stream divides equipment Slope: Nearly level to moderately sloping Pasture and hayland Shape of areas: Irregular Size of areas: 40 to 100 acres Major limitations: Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest • This soil is poorly suited to the production of grasses and legumes Composition Minor limitations: Tonkawa and similar soils: 90 percent • Production is limited due to the thick, sandy surface Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent layer allowing rapid movement of water and nutrients through the root zone, resulting in low Contrasting Inclusions inherent soil fertility and limited water storage • Cuthbert and Sacul soils have a loamy surface, a available for plant production clayey subsoil within 20 inches, and are in slightly • On steeper slopes, equipment use is impaired due lower landscape positions to the loose, sandy surface 108 Soil Survey
Cropland Underlying layer: 39 to 43 inches—moderately acid, stratified red, light Major limitations: gray, and brownish yellow weathered glauconitic • High amounts of organic matter are needed on this material soil to help hold adequate amounts of moisture in the root zone and to reduce leaching of plant Soil Properties and Qualities nutrients Depth: Moderately deep Minor limitations: Drainage class: Well drained • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of Water table: More than 6 feet nutrients and pesticides that could possibly Hazard of flooding: None contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- Runoff: Medium control measures should be applied to reduce Permeability: Moderately slow this risk Available water capacity: Moderate Interpretive Groups Root zone: Moderately deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Land capability classification: IVs Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Woodland management group: 30 Water erosion hazard: Moderate Pasture management group: 18 Land Use TrE—Trawick fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 Dominant uses: Woodland percent slopes Other uses: Pastureland Woodland Setting Major limitations: Landform: Uplands • None Distinctive landform features: None Minor limitations: Landform position: Side slopes • Slope may restrict the use of some types of Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep equipment during management operations Shape of areas: Long and narrow • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope Size of areas: 45 to 75 acres • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest following harvesting or other disturbance Composition Pasture and hayland Trawick and similar soils: 85 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • This soil is moderately well suited or moderately Contrasting Inclusions suited to the production of grasses and legumes Minor limitations: • Darco and Tenaha soils have a sandy surface at • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey least 20 inches thick, a loamy subsoil, and are in subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for slightly higher landscape positions plant production Typical Profile • On steeper slopes, water runoff is greater and less water enters the root zone for plant production Surface layer: • Increased slope also increases the hazard of 0 to 2 inches—strongly acid, dark brown fine sandy excessive erosion during pasture establishment loam or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed 2 to 4 inches—strongly acid, reddish brown fine sandy loam Cropland Subsoil: Major limitations: 4 to 12 inches—strongly acid, red clay with strong • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness brown mottles of slope 12 to 19 inches—strongly acid, red clay with yellow mottles 19 to 39 inches—strongly acid, red clay with yellowish red and brownish yellow mottles Houston County, Texas 109
Minor limitations: Soil Properties and Qualities • This soil has a high potential for leaching of Depth: Moderately deep chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; Drainage class: Well drained selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a Water table: More than 6 feet low potential for leaching, along with proper Hazard of flooding: None application methods, are needed to properly Runoff: Low manage this soil Permeability: Moderately slow Interpretive Groups Available water capacity: Moderate Root zone: Moderately deep Land capability classification: VIe Natural soil fertility: Medium Woodland management group: 20 Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Pasture management group: 13 Water erosion hazard: Moderate Land Use TwC—Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: Pastureland Setting Woodland Landform: Uplands Major limitations: Distinctive landform features: None • None Landform position: Knobs and ridges Minor limitations: Slope: Gently sloping • Low soil strength may limit equipment use when Shape of areas: Long and narrow this soil is wet Size of areas: 10 to 30 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Pasture and hayland Composition Major limitations: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Trawick and similar soils: 90 percent of grasses and legumes Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting Inclusions • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for • Darco and Tenaha soils have a sandy surface at plant production least 20 inches thick, a loamy subsoil, and are in • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily lower landscape positions corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Typical Profile Cropland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 4 inches—neutral, dark reddish brown gravelly • This soil is not suited to cropland due to the gravelly fine sandy loam in the upper part and dark surface reddish brown gravelly sandy clay loam in the Minor limitations: lower part • This soil has a medium potential for erosion loss of 4 to 10 inches—neutral, dark reddish brown gravelly nutrients and pesticides that could possibly sandy clay loam contaminate surface water; the needed erosion- Subsoil: control measures should be applied to reduce 10 to 38 inches—slightly acid or neutral, dark red, this risk brownish yellow, and yellowish red clay Interpretive Groups Underlying layer: 38 to 48 inches—slightly acid, brown, dark brown, Land capability classification: IIIe and brownish yellow weathered glauconitic Woodland management group: 20 material with texture of sandy clay Pasture management group: 9 110 Soil Survey
TwE—Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, Woodland 5 to 15 percent slopes Major limitations: • None Setting Minor limitations: • Slope may restrict the use of some types of Landform: Uplands equipment during management operations Distinctive landform features: None • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope Landform position: Side slopes • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep following harvesting or other disturbance Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 25 to 45 acres Pasture and hayland Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Major limitations: Composition • This soil is moderately well suited to the production of grasses and legumes Trawick and similar soils: 90 percent Minor limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey Contrasting Inclusions subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for plant production • Darco and Tenaha soils have a sandy surface at • On steeper slopes, water runoff is greater and less least 20 inches thick, a loamy subsoil, and are in water enters the root zone for plant production higher landscape positions • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of Typical Profile excessive erosion during pasture establishment or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed Surface layer: 0 to 4 inches—strongly acid, dark reddish brown Cropland gravelly fine sandy loam Major limitations: Subsoil: • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness 4 to 10 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay of slope and gravelly surface 10 to 38 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay with Minor limitations: brownish yellow and yellowish red mottles • This soil has a high potential for leaching of chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; Underlying layer: selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a 38 to 56 inches—strongly acid, dark brown stratified low potential for leaching, along with proper glauconitic materials with brownish yellow and application methods, are needed to properly dark red mottles manage this soil Soil Properties and Qualities Interpretive Groups Depth: Moderately deep Land capability classification: VIe Drainage class: Well drained Woodland management group: 20 Water table: More than 6 feet Pasture management group: 13 Hazard of flooding: None Runoff: Medium Permeability: Moderately slow TxG—Trawick-Bub complex, 15 to 40 Available water capacity: Moderate percent slopes Root zone: Moderately deep Natural soil fertility: Medium Setting Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform: Uplands Distinctive landform features: None Land Use Landform position: Side slopes Dominant uses: Woodland Slope: Moderately steep to steep Other uses: Pastureland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 35 to 50 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest Houston County, Texas 111
Composition Shrink-swell potential: Moderate Water erosion hazard: Trawick—moderate; Trawick and similar soils: 60 percent Bub—severe Bub and similar soils: 30 percent Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Land Use Contrasting Inclusions Dominant uses: Woodland Other uses: None • Darco and Tenaha soils have a sandy surface at least 20 inches thick, a loamy subsoil, and are in Woodland slightly higher landscape positions Major limitations: Typical Profile • None Trawick Minor limitations: • Slope may restrict the use of some types of Surface layer: equipment during management operations 0 to 4 inches—slightly acid, dark reddish brown • Road-ditch erosion may be a problem due to slope gravelly fine sandy loam • Slope may cause a moderate rate of erosion Subsoil: following harvesting or other disturbance 4 to 12 inches—moderately acid, red clay • Bub—shallow rooting depth causes a moderate 12 to 20 inches—neutral, yellowish red clay rate of seedling mortality 20 to 38 inches—neutral, strong brown clay Pasture and hayland Underlying layer: Major limitations: 38 to 60 inches—neutral, stratified light olive brown, • Slopes are too steep to safely put these areas into olive yellow, and olive brown weathered pasture glauconitic material Minor limitations: Bub • Steeper slopes also increase the hazard of excessive erosion during pasture establishment Surface layer: or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed 0 to 6 inches—slightly acid, dark reddish brown fine sandy loam Cropland Subsoil: Major limitations: 6 to 10 inches—slightly acid, red clay with strong • These soils are not suited to cropland due to brown mottles steepness of slope 10 to 19 inches—strongly acid, strong brown clay Minor limitations: with red mottles • None Underlying layer: Interpretive Groups 19 to 50 inches—moderately acid, alternate layers of Land capability classification: Trawick—VIIe; yellowish red, strong brown, and light gray Bub—VIIs weathered glauconitic materials Woodland management group: Trawick—22; Bub—29 Pasture management group: 19 Soil Properties and Qualities Depth: Trawick—moderately deep; Bub—shallow Drainage class: Well drained WnB—Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 Water table: More than 6 feet percent slopes Hazard of flooding: None Setting Runoff: Trawick—high; Bub—very high Permeability: Trawick—moderately slow; Bub—very Landform: Stream terraces slow Distinctive landform features: None Available water capacity: Trawick—moderate; Landform position: Toeslopes Bub—low Slope: Very gently sloping Root zone: Trawick—moderately deep; Bub—shallow Shape of areas: Oblong Natural soil fertility: Medium Size of areas: 30 to 60 acres Native vegetation: Pine-hardwood forest 112 Soil Survey
Composition Cropland Woden and similar soils: 85 percent Major limitations: Contrasting inclusions: 15 percent • This soil has a moderate potential for loss of topsoil, fertilizer, insecticides, and herbicides by Contrasting Inclusions erosion; a good erosion-control program is • Annona soils have a clayey subsoil and are in necessary to prevent soil loss and contamination slightly lower landscape positions of surface water • Derly soils have a clayey subsoil, are poorly Minor limitations: drained, and are in depressions • Moderate amounts of organic matter are needed to maintain the tilth and water-holding capacity of Typical Profile this soil; when adequate erosion-control Surface layer: measures are applied and organic matter 0 to 12 inches—strongly acid, brown fine sandy loam maintained, this soil is very productive Subsoil: Interpretive Groups 12 to 36 inches— slightly acid, strong brown fine Land capability classification: IIe sandy loam Woodland management group: 6 36 to 52 inches— slightly acid, yellowish red fine Pasture management group: 1 sandy loam 52 to 74 inches— slightly acid, yellowish red fine sandy loam and loam WoB—Woodtell very fine sandy loam, 1 to 74 to 80 inches— slightly acid, strong brown fine 3 percent slopes sandy loam Soil Properties and Qualities Setting Depth: Very deep Landform: Uplands Drainage class: Well drained Distinctive landform features: None Water table: More than 6 feet Landform position: Stream divides Hazard of flooding: None Slope: Very gently sloping Runoff: Negligible Shape of areas: Oblong to broad Permeability: Moderately rapid Size of areas: 30 to 45 acres Available water capacity: Moderate Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Root zone: Very deep Composition Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: Low Woodtell and similar soils: 90 percent Water erosion hazard: Slight Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent Land Use Contrasting Inclusions Dominant uses: Pastureland and Woodland • Latex soils are loamy throughout and are in slightly Other uses: Cropland higher landscape positions Typical Profile Woodland Surface layer: Major limitations: 0 to 5 inches—strongly acid, very dark grayish brown • None very fine sandy loam Minor limitations: • None Subsoil: 5 to 18 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with pale Pasture and hayland brown mottles Major limitations: 18 to 25 inches—very strongly acid, red clay with • This soil is well suited to the production of grasses light brownish gray mottles and legumes 25 to 33 inches—very strongly acid, variegated red Minor limitations: and light brownish gray clay • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily 33 to 56 inches—very strongly acid, variegated dark corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer red and light brownish gray clay Houston County, Texas 113
Underlying layer: • High amounts of organic matter should be returned 56 to 80 inches—moderately acid, stratified light to the soil to help maintain soil infiltration and soil brownish gray shale with a texture of clay and tilth; other erosion-control measures, such as yellowish red and strong brown soft sandstone terraces and contour farming, are often needed with a texture of fine sandy loam Minor limitations: • None Soil Properties and Qualities Interpretive Groups Depth: Deep Drainage class: Well drained Land capability classification: IIIe Water table: More than 6 feet Woodland management group: 21 Hazard of flooding: None Pasture management group: 9 Runoff: Medium Permeability: Very slow Available water capacity: Moderate WoE—Woodtell very fine sandy loam, Root zone: Deep 5 to 15 percent slopes Natural soil fertility: Medium Shrink-swell potential: High Setting Water erosion hazard: Moderate Landform: Uplands Land Use Distinctive landform features: None Landform position: Side slopes Dominant uses: Woodland Slope: Moderately sloping to moderately steep Other uses: Pastureland Shape of areas: Long and narrow Size of areas: 30 to 75 acres Woodland Native vegetation: Hardwood-pine forest Major limitations: Composition • None Minor limitations: Woodtell and similar soils: 90 percent • The use of some types of equipment may be Contrasting inclusions: 10 percent restricted during winter and spring Contrasting Inclusions • Low strength may limit road use by heavy equipment • Darco and Tenaha soils have a sandy surface at • The abundance of moisture may cause competition least 20 inches thick, a loamy subsoil, and are in for sunlight between seedlings and other plants lower landscape positions Pasture and hayland Typical Profile Major limitations: Surface layer: • This soil is moderately well suited to the production 0 to 6 inches—moderately acid, dark brown very fine of grasses and legumes sandy loam Minor limitations: Subsoil: • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey 6 to 29 inches—strongly acid, dark red clay with pale subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for brown mottles plant production 29 to 48 inches—strongly acid, red clay with light • Soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily brownish gray mottles corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer Underlying layer: Cropland 48 to 80 inches—strongly acid, stratified light Major limitations: brownish gray, brownish yellow, and strong brown • This soil has a high potential for leaching of shale chemicals and fertilizers into the ground water; Soil Properties and Qualities selection of chemicals with a short half-life and a low potential for leaching, along with proper Depth: Deep application methods, are needed to properly Drainage class: Well drained manage this soil Water table: More than 6 feet Hazard of flooding: None 114
Runoff: Very high Pasture and hayland Permeability: Very slow Major limitations: Available water capacity: Moderate • This soil is moderately well suited to the production Root zone: Deep of grasses and legumes Natural soil fertility: Medium Minor limitations: Shrink-swell potential: High • Production is decreased slightly by the clayey Water erosion hazard: Moderate subsoil, which limits water intake and storage for Land Use plant production • On steeper slopes, water runoff is greater and less Dominant uses: Woodland water enters the root zone for plant production Other uses: Pastureland • Increased slope also increases the hazard of excessive erosion during pasture establishment Woodland or renovation and in pastures that are overgrazed Major limitations: Cropland • None Minor limitations: Major limitations: • Slope may restrict the use of some types of • This soil is not suited to cropland due to steepness equipment during management operations of slope • Road-ditch erosion is a hazard due to steepness of Minor limitations: slope • None • Slope causes a moderate erosion hazard following Interpretive Groups harvesting or other disturbance • The abundance of moisture may cause competition Land capability classification: VIe for sunlight between seedlings and other plants Woodland management group: 21 Pasture management group: 13 115
Prime Farmland
Prime farmland is one of several kinds of important The map units in the survey area that are farmland defined by the U.S. Department of considered prime farmland are listed below. This list Agriculture. It is of major importance in meeting the does not constitute a recommendation for a particular Nation’s short- and long-range needs for food and land use. On some soils included in the list, fiber. Because the supply of high-quality farmland is measures that overcome a hazard or limitation, such limited, the U.S. Department of Agriculture recognizes as flooding, wetness, and droughtiness, are needed. that responsible levels of government, as well as Onsite evaluation is needed to determine whether or individuals, should encourage and facilitate the wise not the hazard or limitation has been overcome by use of our Nation’s prime farmland. corrective measures. The extent of each listed map Prime farmland, as defined by the U.S. Department unit is shown in table 4. The location is shown on the of Agriculture, is land that has the best combination detailed soil maps at the back of this publication. The of physical and chemical characteristics for producing soil qualities that affect use and management are food, feed, forage, fiber, and oilseed crops and is described under the heading “Detailed Soil Map available for these uses. It could be cultivated land, Units.” pastureland, forestland, or other land, but it is not The soils identified as prime farmland in Houston urban or built-up land or water areas. The soil County are: qualities, growing season, and moisture supply are those needed for the soil to economically produce AaB Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent sustained high yields of crops when proper slopes management, including water management, and AfB Alto fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes acceptable farming methods are applied. In general, AtB Attoyac fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent prime farmland has an adequate and dependable slopes supply of moisture from precipitation or irrigation, a AuB Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent favorable temperature and growing season, slopes acceptable acidity or alkalinity, an acceptable salt and BaB Bernaldo fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent sodium content, and few or no rocks. It is permeable slopes to water and air. It is not excessively erodible or BbA Bernaldo-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent saturated with water for long periods, and it either is slopes not frequently flooded during the growing season or BeA Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent is protected from flooding. The slope ranges mainly slopes from 0 to 6 percent. More detailed information about BwB Bowie fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes the criteria for prime farmland is available at the local ChA Chireno loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes office of the Natural Resources Conservation EaA Eastham clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes Service. EaB Eastham clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes About 245,836 acres, or nearly 31 percent of the ErB Elrose fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes survey area, would meet the requirements for prime FrB Freestone fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent farmland if an adequate and dependable supply of slopes irrigation water were available. GaA Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes A recent trend in land use in some parts of the HbC Hallsbluff clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes survey area has been the loss of some prime Hc Hannahatchee fine sandy loam, frequently farmland to industrial and urban uses. The loss of flooded prime farmland to other uses puts pressure on Ka Kaufman clay, occasionally flooded marginal lands, which generally are more erodible, KeB Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes droughty, and less productive and cannot be easily Ko Kosse sandy clay loam, occasionally flooded cultivated. KuB Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes 116
LeB Latex loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes Te Texark clay, occasionally flooded PeB Penning very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent TwC Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 slopes percent slopes PsA Portersprings fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent WnB Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes slopes SwA Sawlit-Latex complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes 117
Use and Management of the Soils
This soil survey is an inventory and evaluation of identified; the system of land capability classification the soils in the survey area. It can be used to adjust used by the Natural Resources Conservation Service land uses to the limitations and potentials of natural is explained; and the estimated yields of the main resources and the environment. Also, it can help to crops and hay and pasture plants are listed for each prevent soil-related failures in land uses. soil. In preparing a soil survey, soil scientists, Planners of management systems for individual conservationists, engineers, and others collect fields or farms should consider the detailed extensive field data about the nature and behavioral information given in the description of each soil under characteristics of the soils. They collect data on the heading “Detailed Soil Map Units.” Specific erosion, droughtiness, flooding, and other factors that information can be obtained from the local office of affect various soil uses and management. Field the Natural Resources Conservation Service or the experience and collected data on soil properties and Cooperative Extension Service. performance are used as a basis for predicting soil behavior. Crops Information in this section can be used to plan the use and management of soils for crops and pasture; In 1950, an estimated 150,000 acres was being as woodland; as sites for buildings, sanitary facilities, farmed in Houston County. Today, there are highways and other transportation systems, and approximately 40,000 acres being cultivated. parks and other recreational facilities; and for wildlife Important cash crops are milo, peanuts, cotton, habitat. It can be used to identify the potentials and watermelons, and vegetable truck crops. Other limitations of each soil for specific land uses and to cropland is being used for home gardens and for help prevent construction failures caused by livestock feed crops. Crops grown for livestock are unfavorable soil properties. mostly cool-season plants, such as ryegrass and/or Planners and others using soil survey information small grains overseeded into bermudagrass pastures can evaluate the effect of specific land uses on and “grazed out” before the warm-season grass productivity and on the environment in all or part of growth begins. Some hybrid sorghums are also the survey area. The survey can help planners to produced for hay or to supplement grazing of warm- maintain or create a land use pattern that is in season pastures. harmony with nature. Soils used as cropland are managed to control Contractors can use this survey to locate sources water erosion, maintain tilth and fertility, and, in some of sand and gravel, roadfill, and topsoil. They can use cases, drain off excess water. The major practices it to identify areas where bedrock, wetness, or very used to accomplish these purposes are: firm soil layers can cause difficulty in excavation. Conservation cropping sequence. Leaving crop Health officials, highway officials, engineers, and residue on the soil helps to control water erosion and others may also find this survey useful. The survey conserve moisture. Incorporating adequate amounts can help them plan the safe disposal of wastes and of residue into the soil improves tilth, infiltration, and locate sites for pavements, sidewalks, campgrounds, the available water holding capacity. playgrounds, lawns, and trees and shrubs. Contour farming. Terracing and farming on the contour helps to control water erosion. This is Crops and Pasture beneficial on most soils that have slopes of more than 1 percent. General management needed for crops and Cover crops. Cover crops furnish protective cover pasture is suggested in this section. The crops or after the crop has been harvested and before the pasture plants best suited to the soils, including some next cultivated crop is planted. Some cover crops not commonly grown in the survey area, are suited for most soils in the survey area are small 118 Soil Survey
grains, vetch, winterpeas, and mixtures of annual cool-season legumes extend the grazing period of grasses and legumes. predominately warm-season pastures, providing Fertilizer. Most crops respond well to commercial quality, growing forage throughout most years, and fertilizers. Soil fertility levels can be maintained if increasing the amount of forage produced. With proper amounts and kinds of lime and fertilizer proper inoculation, nitrogen fixation occurs in these elements are applied. legumes. This reduces the need for additional Pest and nutrient management. Fertilizer, commercial fertilizers, which is an important insecticides, and herbicides should be applied in a consideration in areas where water quality may be timely manner and according to directions to prevent affected. the possible contamination of surface and Native pastures are dominated by plants that underground water. commonly reseed naturally. Brush control is needed, The soils that are most frequently cropped and/or and an occasional application of fertilizer and lime is have the highest potential for crop production are the helpful. Common grasses in native pastures vary with fine sandy loams, loamy fine sands, and some fine soil types. On flood plain soils, the most common sands. grasses in properly managed pastures include The fine sandy loam soils, such as Alto, Attoyac, carpetgrass, dallisgrass, vaseygrass, and various Austonio, Bowie, Kirvin, and Woden, are well suited sedges. Sandy soils on uplands are dominated by for most crops and orchards. pine hill bluestem, needlegrass, and various The loamy fine sand soils, such as Lilbert and panicums. Tenaha, are excellent soils for orchards, melons, and If native pastures are not properly managed, the peanuts but are somewhat droughty for other crops. dominant species on flood plain soils are usually Deeper sands, such as the Betis and Darco loamy sedges, vaseygrass, and carpetgrass. On the fine sands, are even more droughty and are best uplands, the dominant species on poorly managed suited for crops like melons and peanuts. pastures are usually broomsedge bluestem, pine hill The Tonkawa fine sand soils are very droughty but bluestem, and needlegrass on loamy soils and sand produce good melon crops using a crop rotation of burs on sandy soils. one year melons and four years grass. Proper management of pastureland is necessary The river and creek bottomland soils are important on all soils to meet the yield potential of the grass cropland soils, mainly for cotton and milo. Yields are being grown. In Houston County, brush invades all usually very good in these slightly wet soils in years areas if not controlled by shredding or chemical when crops can be planted at normal seeding dates. applications. Liming and proper fertilization are also needed for high forage yields. Nutrients can be supplied through commercial fertilizers, manure, or Pasture other agricultural wastes, or through the use of Raymond Dolezel, area soil scientist, Natural Resources legumes. On sandy soils, fertilizer applications of Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. nitrogen should be split to avoid leaching losses. While the yield may provide adequate amounts of Houston County has about 270,000 acres of forage, quality of forage must also be considered in improved and native pastureland. At the turn of the managing livestock operations on pastureland. century more than half of the land in the county was Pasture grasses that provide the required forage used for crop production. As the acreage of cropland quality during their growing season often lack quality diminished, much of the cleared land was allowed to during dormancy. Overseeding cool-season legumes revert to native pasture (fig. 10). in pastures will provide the forage quality that is Pastureland in the county is dominated by lacking during much of the dormant season. improved grasses, such as coastal bermudagrass, Otherwise, supplemental protein or hay may be which have proven to greatly increase forage yields required to meet animal needs. on most soils. On the wettest flood plain soils, bahiagrass and fescue produce higher yields than Pasture Management Groups most other species. Weeping lovegrass is very well adapted on sandy soils. The soils in Houston County have been grouped For grazing, many of the grasses are overseeded according to similar soil characteristics that affect with legumes. On wetter soils, white clovers and vetch forage production and pasture management. The are very well adapted. On upland soils, legumes, yield potential of each group is based on a high level such as vetch or crimson clover, are grown. These of management. Other factors that influence yields Houston County, Texas 119
Figure 10.—This pasture of coastal bermudagrass is in a bottomland area on Kosse sandy clay loam, occasionally flooded. are the natural fertility of the soil, the ability of the soil provide adequate forage for one animal unit for one to take in and store water and make it available for year. An animal unit is the equivalent to one 1,000- plant use, the positive and negative effects of pound animal. Forage yields for the most commonly wetness and flooding, the problems associated with grown grasses are given in Table 5 for all soils slope and drainage, and other soil conditions that suitable for use as pasture. affect productivity. The following description of each pasture Forage yield is expressed in “animal unit months” management group discusses the soil characteristics for the major grasses evaluated for the group. The that affect pasture production, management problems term “animal unit months” represents the number of associated with forage production, major grass and months that forage produced on one acre will feed legume adaptation, and yield potential of major one animal unit. For example, a yield of eight animal grasses. Each map unit is assigned to a pasture unit months provides forage for one animal unit for management group, which is also given in the section eight months. Therefore, 1.5 acres is required to “Detailed Soil Map Units.” 120 Soil Survey
Pasture Management Group 1. The Attoyac, zone for plant production. Steeper slopes also Austonio, Bernaldo, Besner, Elrose, Freestone, Latex, increase the hazard of excessive erosion during Multey, and Woden soils in map units AbA, AtB, AuB, pasture establishment or renovation, as well as when BaB, BbA, BeA, ErB, FrB, FsA, LeB, MpA, MxA, SwA, pastures are overgrazed. and WnB are in this group. These nearly level and Adapted grasses used for forage production on gently sloping soils are on stream terraces. They these soils include improved bermudagrass and have a loamy surface layer, a loamy subsoil, and are bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, well drained or moderately well drained. such as crimson clover or vetch. With proper These soils are very well suited to the production management, including liming, fertilizing, and of grasses and legumes. Minor limitations of soil rotational grazing, about eight animal unit months of acidity and inadequate fertility are easily corrected grazing and hay can be harvested in normal years with additions of lime and fertilizer. from improved bermudagrass. Adapted grasses used for forage production on these soils include improved bermudagrass and Pasture Management Group 4. The bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, Hannahatchee, Iulus, Koury, and Laneville soils in such as crimson clover, white dutch clover, arrowleaf map units Hc, Iu, Kp, and Lc are in this group. These clover, or vetch. With proper management, including nearly level soils are on flood plains of smaller liming, fertilizing, and rotational grazing, improved streams. They have a loamy surface layer, a loamy bermudagrass will produce about seven to nine subsoil, are well drained or moderately well drained, animal unit months of grazing and hay in a normal and may flood annually for brief duration. year. These soils are very well suited to the production of grasses and legumes. Flooding and slight wetness Pasture Management Group 2. The Chireno, in some years may interfere with establishment, Kosse, and Portersprings soils in map units ChA, Ko, maintenance, and the harvesting of the forage and PsA are in this group. These nearly level soils are produced. on low stream terraces and high flood plains. They Adapted grasses used for forage production on have a clayey or loamy surface layer, a clayey these soils include improved bermudagrass, fescue, subsoil, and are well drained or moderately well and bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with drained. Some areas of these soils may flood or have legumes, such as crimson clover, white clover, or water on the surface for a short time. vetch. With proper management, including liming, These soils are very well suited to the production fertilizing, and rotational grazing, about seven or eight of grasses and legumes. Flooding and slight wetness animal unit months of grazing and hay can be in some years may interfere with establishment, harvested in normal years from fescue or maintenance, and harvesting of the forage produced. bahiagrass. Minor limitations of inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions of fertilizer. Pasture Management Group 5. The Bowie, Adapted grasses used for forage production on Keltys, and Kurth soils in map units BwB, KeB, KeD, these soils include improved bermudagrass and KuB, and KuD are in this group. These gently sloping bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, to moderately sloping upland soils are on broad such as white dutch clover, arrowleaf clover, or vetch. interstream divides. They have a loamy surface layer, With proper management, including liming, fertilizing, a loamy subsoil, and are well drained or moderately and rotational grazing, improved bermudagrass will well drained. produce about eight or nine animal unit months of These soils are well suited to the production of grazing and hay in a normal year. grasses and legumes. However, a moderate capacity to store water slightly lowers potential forage Pasture Management Group 3. This group production. Minor limitations of soil acidity and includes the Austonio soils in map unit AuD. These inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions moderately sloping to moderately steep soils are on of lime and fertilizer. stream terraces. They have a loamy surface layer, a Adapted grasses used for forage production on loamy subsoil, and are well drained. these soils include improved bermudagrass and These soils are very well suited to the production bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, of grasses and legumes. However, on steeper slopes, such as crimson clover or vetch. With proper water runoff is higher and less water enters the root management, including liming, fertilizing, and Houston County, Texas 121
rotational grazing, improved bermudagrass will These soils are moderately well suited to the produce about seven or eight animal unit months of production of grasses and legumes. Flooding and grazing and hay in a normal year. slight wetness in some years may interfere with establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the Pasture Management Group 6. The Alazan, forage produced. Penning, and Sawlit soils in map units AaB, AbA, Adapted grasses used for forage production on PeB, and SwA are in this group. These nearly level these soils include improved bermudagrass, fescue, and gently sloping soils are on stream terraces or low and bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with uplands. They have a loamy surface layer, a loamy legumes, such as white clover or vetch. With proper subsoil, and are moderately well drained. management, including liming, fertilizing, and These soils are well suited to the production of rotational grazing, about five or six animal unit grasses and legumes. Slightly wet conditions during months of grazing and hay can be harvested in a the winter and early spring may interfere with normal year from fescue or bahiagrass. harvesting hay, grazing rotation, or using equipment. Minor limitations of soil acidity and inadequate fertility Pasture Management Group 9. The Alto, Annona, are easily corrected with additions of lime and Etoile, Herty, Kirvin, Moswell, Sacul, Trawick, and fertilizer. Woodtell soils in map units AfB, AnA, AnB, EtB, HeA, Adapted grasses used for forage production on HeB, KfC, KgC, MsB, SaB, TwC, and WoB are in this these soils include improved bermudagrass and group. These nearly level and gently sloping upland bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, soils are on broad interstream divides. They have a such as white dutch clover, arrowleaf clover, or vetch. loamy surface layer, a clayey subsoil, and are well With proper management, including liming, fertilizing, drained or moderately well drained. and rotational grazing, improved bermudagrass will These soils are moderately well suited to the produce about eight animal unit months of grazing production of grasses and legumes. Production is and hay in a normal year. limited slightly due to the clayey subsoil, which limits water intake and storage. Minor limitations of soil Pasture Management Group 7. The Eastham, acidity and inadequate fertility are easily corrected Garner, Hallsbluff, and Lacerda soils in map units with additions of lime and fertilizer. EaA, EaB, GaA, HbC, LaA, and LaB are in this group. Adapted grasses used for forage production on These nearly level and gently sloping soils are on these soils include improved bermudagrass and high stream terraces and low uplands. They have a bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, clayey surface layer, a clayey subsoil, and are well such as crimson clover or vetch. With proper drained or moderately well drained. management, including liming, fertilizing, and These soils are moderately well suited to the rotational grazing, improved bermudagrass will production of grasses and legumes. Production is produce about six or seven animal unit months of limited slightly due to the clayey surface layer, which grazing and hay in a normal year. limits water intake and storage. Minor limitations of inadequate fertility are easily corrected with additions Pasture Management Group 10. This group of fertilizer. includes the Hainesville soils in map unit HaA. These Adapted grasses used for forage production on nearly level and very gently sloping soils are on these soils include improved bermudagrass and stream terraces. They have a sandy surface layer, a bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, sandy subsoil, and are somewhat excessively such as white dutch clover, arrowleaf clover, or vetch. drained. With proper management, including liming, fertilizing, These soils are moderately suited to the and rotational grazing, improved bermudagrass will production of grasses and legumes. Production is produce about eight animal unit months of grazing limited due to the thick, sandy surface layer, which and hay in a normal year. allows rapid movement of water and nutrients through the plant root zone, resulting in low inherent soil Pasture Management Group 8. This group fertility and limited water storage. Minor limitations of includes the Kaufman soils in map units Ka and Kb. soil acidity and inadequate fertility are easily These nearly level soils are on broad flood plains of corrected with additions of lime and fertilizer. the Trinity River. They have a clayey surface layer, a Adapted grasses used for forage production on clayey subsoil, are moderately well drained, and may these soils include weeping lovegrass and improved flood annually. bermudagrass, which can be overseeded with 122 Soil Survey
legumes, such as vetch. With proper management, including liming, fertilizing, and rotational grazing, including liming, split applications of fertilizer, and about six to eight animal unit months of grazing and rotational grazing, about six animal unit months of hay can be harvested in a normal year from improved grazing and hay can be harvested in a normal year bermudagrass. from improved bermudagrass. Pasture Management Group 13. The Cuthbert, Pasture Management Group 11. This group Kellison, Lacerda, Moswell, Trawick, and Woodtell includes the Rentzel soils in map unit RnB. These soils in map units CtE, CuE, KcE, LaE, MsE, TrE, nearly level and gently sloping soils are on lower TwE, and WoE are in this group. These strongly slopes of uplands. They have a sandy surface layer, a sloping to moderately steep upland soils are on loamy or sandy subsoil, and are moderately well broad interstream divides. They have a loamy or drained. gravelly loamy surface layer, a clayey subsoil, and are These soils are moderately well suited or well drained or moderately well drained. moderately suited to the production of grasses and These soils are moderately well suited or legumes. Production is limited due to the thick, sandy moderately suited to the production of grasses and surface layer, which allows rapid movement of water legumes. Production is limited due to the clayey and nutrients through the plant root zone, resulting in subsoil, which limits water intake and storage. Also, low inherent soil fertility and limited water storage. production is less on slopes above 10 percent since Minor limitations of soil acidity and inadequate fertility water runoff is higher, which allows less water to are easily corrected with additions of lime and enter the root zone. These steeper slopes also fertilizer. Slightly wet conditions during the winter and increase the hazard of excessive erosion during early spring may interfere with harvesting hay, pasture establishment or renovation, as well as when grazing rotation, or using equipment. pastures are overgrazed. Adapted grasses used for forage production on Adapted grasses used for forage production on these soils include weeping lovegrass and improved these soils include improved bermudagrass and bermudagrass, which can be overseeded with bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, legumes, such as vetch. With proper management, such as crimson clover or vetch. With proper including liming, split applications of fertilizer, and management, including liming, fertilizing, and rotational grazing, about seven animal unit months of rotational grazing, about three to five animal unit grazing and hay can be harvested in a normal year months of grazing and hay can be harvested in a from improved bermudagrass. normal year from improved bermudagrass.
Pasture Management Group 12. The Betis, Pasture Management Group 14. This group Darco, Grapeland, Lilbert, and Lovelady soils in map includes the Fuller soils in map units FuA and FuB. units BtC, DaC, GrB, LtC, LvC, and LvD are in this These nearly level to very gently sloping soils are on group. These gently sloping to moderately sloping low uplands. They have a loamy surface layer, a upland soils are on broad interstream divides. They loamy subsoil, and are somewhat poorly drained. have a thick, sandy surface layer; a loamy subsoil; These soils are moderately suited to the and are somewhat excessively drained or well production of grasses and legumes. Production is drained. limited due to wetness and poor internal soil These soils are moderately well suited or drainage. The wetness also interferes with the moderately suited to the production of grasses and establishment, maintenance, and harvesting of the legumes. Production is limited due to the thick, sandy forage produced. Production is further limited by the surface layer, which allows rapid movement of water presence of salts in the soil. and nutrients through the plant root zone, resulting in Adapted grasses used for forage production on low inherent soil fertility and limited water storage. these soils include fescue and bahiagrass, which can Minor limitations of soil acidity and inadequate fertility be overseeded with legumes, such as white clover or are easily corrected with additions of lime and vetch. With proper management, including liming, fertilizer. fertilizing, and rotational grazing, only about five Adapted grasses used for forage production on animal unit months of grazing and hay can be these soils include weeping lovegrass and improved harvested in a normal year from fescue or bermudagrass, which can be overseeded with bahiagrass. legumes, such as vetch. With proper management, Houston County, Texas 123
Pasture Management Group 15. The Derly, clayey subsoil, are somewhat poorly drained or Mollville, Moten, and Percilla soils in map units FsA, poorly drained, and may flood annually. MoA, MpA, MxA, and PnA are in this group. These These soils are poorly suited or very poorly suited nearly level soils are in depressions on broad, to the production of grasses and legumes. Production mounded stream terraces. They have a loamy surface is limited due to severe wetness, ponding, flooding, layer, a clayey or loamy subsoil, are somewhat poorly and poor internal soil drainage. The extreme wetness drained or poorly drained, and may have water also interferes with the establishment, maintenance, ponded on the surface during late winter and early and harvesting of the forage produced. spring. Adapted grasses used for forage production on These soils are moderately suited or poorly suited these soils include fescue and bahiagrass, which can to the production of grasses and legumes. Production be overseeded with legumes, such as white clover or is limited due to severe wetness, ponding, and poor vetch. With proper management, including liming, internal soil drainage. The extreme wetness also fertilizing, and rotational grazing, only about one to interferes with the establishment, maintenance, and three animal unit months of grazing and hay can be harvesting of the forage produced. In wet years, they harvested in a normal year from fescue or produce little or no forage. bahiagrass. In wet years, they produce little or no Adapted grasses used for forage production on forage. these soils include fescue and bahiagrass, which can be overseeded with legumes, such as white clover or Pasture Management Group 18. This group vetch. With proper management, including liming, includes the Tonkawa soils in map unit ToC. These fertilizing, and rotational grazing, only about three or gently sloping to sloping upland soils are on broad four animal unit months of grazing and hay can be interstream divides. They have a sandy texture to a harvested in a normal year from fescue or depth of more than 80 inches and are excessively bahiagrass. drained. These soils are poorly suited or very poorly suited Pasture Management Group 16. The Darco and to the production of grasses and legumes. Production Tenaha soils in map units DaE and TaE are in this is limited due to the sandy surface layer, which allows group. These moderately sloping to moderately steep rapid movement of water and nutrients through the upland soils are on broad interstream divides. They root zone, resulting in low inherent soil fertility and have a thick, sandy surface layer; a loamy subsoil; limited water storage. On steeper slopes, equipment and are somewhat excessively drained or well use is impaired due to the loose, sandy surface. drained. Adapted grasses used for forage production on These soils are moderately suited or poorly suited these soils include weeping lovegrass and improved to the production of grasses and legumes. Production bermudagrass, which can be overseeded with is limited due to the thick, sandy surface layer, which legumes, such as vetch. With proper management, allows rapid movement of water and nutrients through including liming, fertilizing, and rotational grazing, the plant root zone, resulting in low inherent soil about one animal unit month of grazing and hay can fertility and limited water storage. Also, on slopes be harvested in a normal year from improved above 10 percent, equipment use is impaired due to bermudagrass. the loose, sandy surface. Adapted grasses used for forage production on Pasture Management Group 19. This group these soils include weeping lovegrass and improved includes soils that in their natural state are not suited bermudagrass, which can be overseeded with for pasture. The Bub, Cuthbert, Naclina, and Trawick legumes, such as vetch. With proper management, soils in map units CtG, NaG, and TxG are too steep including liming, fertilizing, and rotational grazing, to safely put into pasture. They are on upland about three to five animal unit months of grazing and escarpments and drainageways. hay can be harvested in a normal year from improved The Naconiche and Texark soils in map units Nc bermudagrass. and Tf are too wet for pasture. They are on flood plains that are frequently flooded. Pasture Management Group 17. The Nahatche, The Kirvin soils in map unit KhC have had the Ozias, Pophers, and Texark soils in map units Nh, Oz, topsoil removed as a source of gravel, rendering Po, and Te are in this group. These nearly level soils them unproductive as pastureland. These upland are on broad flood plains of larger streams. They soils are on broad interstream divides. have a loamy or clayey surface layer, a loamy or 124 Soil Survey
Yields per Acre change slope, depth, or other characteristics of would the soils, nor do they include possible but unlikely The average yields per acre that can be expected major reclamation projects. Capability classification is of the principal crops under a high level of not a substitute for interpretations designed to show management are shown in table 5. In any given year, suitability and limitations of groups of soils for yields may be higher or lower than those indicated in woodland or for engineering purposes. the table because of variations in rainfall and other In the capability system, soils are generally climatic factors. grouped at three levels—capability class, subclass, The yields are based mainly on the experience and unit. Only class and subclass are used in this and records of farmers, conservationists, and survey. extension agents. Available yield data from nearby Capability classes, the broadest groups, are counties and results of field trials and demonstrations designated by Roman numerals I through VIII. The are also considered. numerals indicate progressively greater limitations The management needed to obtain the indicated and narrower choices for practical use. The classes yields of the various crops depends on the kind of soil are defined as follows: and the crop. Management can include drainage, Class I soils have few limitations that restrict their erosion control, and protection from flooding; the use. proper planting and seeding rates; suitable high- Class II soils have moderate limitations that reduce yielding crop varieties; appropriate and timely tillage; the choice of plants or that require moderate control of weeds, plant diseases, and harmful insects; conservation practices. favorable soil reaction and optimum levels of Class III soils have severe limitations that reduce nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and trace elements the choice of plants or that require special for each crop; effective use of crop residue, barnyard conservation practices, or both. manure, and green manure crops; and harvesting Class IV soils have very severe limitations that that ensures the smallest possible loss. reduce the choice of plants or that require very For yields of irrigated crops, it is assumed that the careful management, or both. irrigation system is adapted to the soils and to the Class V soils are not likely to erode, but they have crops grown, that good-quality irrigation water is other limitations, impractical to remove, that limit their uniformly applied as needed, and that tillage is kept use. to a minimum. Class VI soils have severe limitations that make The estimated yields reflect the productive them generally unsuitable for cultivation. capacity of each soil for each of the principal crops. Class VII soils have very severe limitations that Yields are likely to increase as new production make them unsuitable for cultivation. technology is developed. The productivity of a given Class VIII soils and miscellaneous areas have soil compared with that of other soils, however, is not limitations that nearly preclude their use for likely to change. commercial crop production. Crops other than those shown in the table are Capability subclasses are soil groups within one grown in the survey area, but estimated yields are not class. They are designated by adding a small letter, e, listed because the acreage of such crops is small. w, s, or c, to the class numeral, for example, IIe. The The local office of the Natural Resources letter e shows that the main hazard is the risk of Conservation Service or of the Cooperative erosion unless a close-growing plant cover is Extension Service can provide information about the maintained; w shows that water in or on the soil management and productivity of the soils for those interferes with plant growth or cultivation (in some crops. soils the wetness can be partly corrected by artificial drainage); and s shows that the soil is limited mainly Land Capability Classification because it is shallow, droughty, or stony. Land capability classification shows, in a general There are no subclasses in class I because the way, the suitability of soils for use as cropland. Crops soils of this class have few limitations. The soils in that require special management are excluded. The class V are subject to little or no erosion, but they soils are grouped according to their limitations for have other limitations that restrict their use to field crops, the risk of damage if they are used for pasture, woodland, wildlife habitat, or recreation. crops, and the way they respond to management. The Class V contains only the subclasses indicated by w, criteria used in grouping the soils do not include s, or c. major and generally expensive landforming that Houston County, Texas 125
The capability classification of each map unit is soil is expressed as a site index and a volume given in the section “Detailed Soil Map Units” and in number. Common trees are listed in the order of their table 5. observed general occurrence. Generally, only two or three tree species dominate. The first tree listed for each soil is the indicator species for that soil. An Woodland Management and Productivity indicator species is a tree that is common in the area Raymond R. Stoner, area forester, Natural Resources and that is generally the most productive on a given Conservation Service, helped prepare this section. soil. The site index is the average height, in feet, that Houston County has about 425,000 acres of the trees attain in a specified number of years woodland. In addition to producing commercial wood The volume is the yield likely to be produced by products, recreational opportunities and important the most important trees. This number is expressed in wildlife habitat are provided. By far, the largest owner board feet (Doyle Rule) per acre per year. group is the private landowner who owns about Trees to plant are those used for reforestation. 250,000 acres. Large industrial landowners own They are suited to the soils and can produce a about 81,000 acres, and the remaining acreage of commercial wood crop. The desired product, woodland is owned by state parks and national forest. landscape position (such as a low, wet area), and Timber products are a major source of income for personal preference are three factors among many the county. Lumber, pulpwood, crossties, pallet that can influence the choice of trees for use in material, stakes, and crates are manufactured from reforestation. the timber produced. A grade quality hardwood mill is located in the county. Woodland Management Groups Plant habitats in Houston County range from droughty, sandy sites to frequently flooded The soils in Houston County that are suitable for bottomlands. The plant communities, therefore, range wood crops have been placed in 31 groups according from shortleaf pine/sandjack oak types to willow oak/ to their suitability for woodland management. Each green ash/sweetgum types. The major forest group is made up of soils with similar properties and management problem in the county is the harvesting that respond to similar management practices. The of timber without adequate reforestation follow-up. landscape position and chemical and physical This soil survey can be used by woodland properties of the soils were considered in assigning managers in planning the use of soils for wood soils to each group. products. Table 6 summarizes the forest management/soils relationships and rates the soils Woodland Management Group 1. The Koury soils for a number of factors to be considered in in map unit Kp are in this group. These soils are on management. Only those soils suitable for wood flood plains. They have a high water table during the crops are listed. A full explanation of these winter and spring months and may also be flooded for relationships and considerations is given in the brief duration during the same periods. They are discussion of the woodland management groups suited to the production of both pine and hardwood below. For convenience, soils with similar production trees. capabilities and limitations are grouped together. Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, The table lists the woodland management group water oak, red oak, green ash, and sweetgum. The for those soils suitable for timber. site index for loblolly pine and sweetgum averages Slight, moderate, and severe are used to indicate 100-plus feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural the degree of the major soil limitations to be stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is considered in management. These concerns or approximately 430 board feet per acre per year. The limitations are erosion hazard, equipment limitation, yield for sweetgum is approximately 310 board feet seedling mortality, windthrow hazard, and plant per acre per year. Although management can competition. Site factors such as soil texture, slope, substantially increase these yields, it should also wetness, and drainage determine the severity of the include attention to streamside management zone limitations. Along with further explanation of these practices to protect water quality. limitations, alternatives that should be considered in Flooding and a high water table may restrict management planning are given in the discussion of access for periods during late winter and early spring the woodland management groups below. months. Modified equipment, such as tandem-axled The potential productivity of common trees on a and four-wheel drive vehicles, may be needed for 126 Soil Survey
much of the year. Control of shade-tolerant species, may often be included in streamside management such as maple and redbay, may be needed in zones, road and trail construction should be limited. regeneration operations. Since areas of these soils may often be included in streamside management Woodland Management Group 4. The Naconiche zones, road and trail construction should be limited. soils in map unit Nc are in this group. These soils are on flood plains and are saturated throughout the year. Woodland Management Group 2. The They are best suited to the production of hardwood Hannahatchee soils in map unit Hc are in this group. trees. These loamy soils are on small flood plains and may Common trees of the overstory are green ash, flood for brief duration. They are suited to the blackgum, sweetbay, sweetgum, water oak, production of both pine and hardwood trees. cherrybark oak, and willow oak. The site index for Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, sweetgum and bottomland oaks averages 100 feet. green ash, sweetgum, white oak, water oak, and The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of cherrybark oak. The site index for loblolly pine, sweetgum over a 50-year period is approximately 310 sweetgum, and bottomland oaks is 100-plus feet. The board feet per acre per year. Although management yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly can substantially increase this yield, it should also pine over a 50-year period is approximately 430 include attention to streamside management zone board feet per acre per year. The yield for sweetgum practices to protect water quality. is approximately 310 board feet per acre per year. Equipment is greatly restricted due to wetness. Although management can substantially increase Management and harvesting operations should be these yields, it should also include attention to done only during dry periods. Specialized equipment streamside management zone practices to protect and harvesting methods are needed. Control of water quality. undesirable, shade-tolerant species is necessary for Harvesting or management operations may be successful regeneration efforts. Since areas of these temporarily interrupted due to brief periods of soils may often be included in streamside flooding, but this should cause no difficulty in long- management zones, road and trail construction range operations. Since areas of these soils may should be limited. often be included in streamside management zones, road and trail construction should be limited. Woodland Management Group 5. This group includes the Iulus and Laneville soils in map units Iu Woodland Management Group 3. This group and Lc. These loamy soils are on small flood plains. includes the Nahatche, Ozias, and Pophers soils in They have a high water table during the winter and map units Nh, Oz, and Po. These loamy and clayey spring months and may also flood for brief duration soils are on flood plains. They are either saturated or during the same periods. They are suited to the have a high water table during the late winter and production of both pine and hardwood trees. spring months and may also flood for brief to long Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, duration during the same periods. They are best water oak, cherrybark oak, white ash, and sweetgum. suited to the production of hardwood trees. The site index for loblolly pine and sweetgum Common trees of the overstory are water oak, averages 100 feet, but can range from 95 to over 110 willow oak, green ash, and sweetgum. The site index feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of for sweetgum and bottomland oaks averages 100 loblolly pine over a 50-year period is approximately feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of 430 board feet per acre per year. The yield for sweetgum over a 50-year period is approximately 310 sweetgum is approximately 310 board feet per acre board feet per acre per year. Although management per year. Although management can substantially can substantially increase this yield, it should also increase these yields, it should also include attention include attention to streamside management zone to streamside management zone practices to protect practices to protect water quality. water quality. Wetness restricts access for periods during the Flooding and a high water table may restrict late winter and spring months. Modified equipment, access for periods during the late winter and spring such as tandem-axled and four-wheel drive vehicles, months. Modified equipment, such as tandem-axled is needed for much of the year. Control of invading and four-wheel drive vehicles, may be needed for brush and undesirable species may be needed in much of the year. Control of invading brush and regeneration operations. Since areas of these soils undesirable species may be needed in regeneration operations. Since areas of these soils may often be Houston County, Texas 127
included in streamside management zones, road and soils are on stream terraces. They are best suited to trail construction should be limited. the production of pine trees. Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, Woodland Management Group 6. This group shortleaf pine, sweetgum, southern red oak, and includes the Attoyac, Bernaldo, and Woden soils in white ash. The site index for loblolly pine averages 95 map units AtB, BaB, BbA, and WnB. These loamy feet, but can range from 90 to 105 feet. The yield from soils are on stream terraces. They are suited to the an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a production of both pine and hardwood trees. 50-year period is approximately 380 board feet per Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine. acre per year. Management can substantially shortleaf pine, sweetgum, southern red oak, water increase this yield. oak, and white oak. The site index for loblolly pine The coarse texture of these soils may cause averages 95 feet, but can range from 90 to over 100 severe problems with equipment use, especially feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of during dry periods. Modified equipment, such as loblolly pine over a 50-year period is approximately tandem-axled, four-wheel drive, or wide-tired 380 board feet per acre per year. The yield for vehicles, may be needed during dry periods. sweetgum is approximately 260 board feet per acre Successful establishment of planted pine requires per year. Management can substantially increase attention to proper planting depth and soil these yields. compaction. Planting when the soil is moist should be There are no significant management problems helpful. Control of herbaceous weeds, either during associated with these soils. site preparation or as a release during the first growing season, may also be needed. Woodland Management Group 7. The Alazan soils in map units AaB and Ab are in this group. They Woodland Management Group 9. The Kosse are on broad, mounded terraces and have a high soils in map unit Ko are in this group. These soils are water table during the winter months. These soils are on flood plains and may flood for brief duration during suited to the production of both pine and hardwood the spring. They are best suited to the production of trees. hardwood trees. Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, Common trees of the overstory are sweetgum, shortleaf pine, sweetgum, water oak, willow oak, water oak, willow oak, red oak, and green ash. The southern red oak, and white oak. The site index for site index for sweetgum and bottomland oaks loblolly pine and sweetgum averages 95 feet. The averages 95 feet. The yield from an unmanaged, yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly natural stand of sweetgum over a 50-year period is pine over a 50-year period is approximately 380 approximately 260 board feet per acre per year. board feet per acre per year. The yield for sweetgum Although management can substantially increase this is approximately 260 board feet per acre per year. yield, it should also include attention to streamside Management can substantially increase these yields. management zone practices to protect water quality. Some restriction of equipment use can be Flooding may restrict access for periods during the expected during the late winter and spring months late winter and spring months. Modified equipment, due to a high water table. Care must be taken to such as tandem-axled and four-wheel drive vehicles, prevent excessive rutting, especially on the flatter may be needed for much of the year. Control of slopes. The abundant available moisture can lead to invading brush and undesirable, shade-tolerant a competition problem for pine seedlings. Site species may be needed in regeneration operations. preparation or release that will control invading brush Since areas of these soils may often be included in may be necessary. During road design and layout, streamside management zones, road and trail attention should be given to avoid extremely flat or construction should be limited. depressional areas and to not interrupt normal drainage. Crowning and raising the roadbed may be Woodland Management Group 10. This group needed. Maintenance of roads will be necessary to fill includes the Alto, Austonio, Besner, Bowie, Elrose, ruts and holes. Since areas of these soils may often Kurth, and Latex soils in map units AbA, AfB, AuB, be included in streamside management zones, road AuD, BbA, BeA, BwB, ErB, KuB, KuD, LeB, MpA, and and trail construction should be limited. SwA. These loamy soils are on terraces and low upland sites and also occur as a mounded complex Woodland Management Group 8. The Hainesville with other soils, such as the Mollville-Besner soils in map unit HaA are in this group. These sandy 128 Soil Survey
complex. They are suited to the production of both shortleaf pine, sweetgum, water oak, willow oak, pine and hardwood trees. southern red oak, and white oak. The site index for Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, loblolly pine and sweetgum averages 90 feet. The shortleaf pine, sweetgum, southern red oak, water yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly oak, and white oak. The site index for loblolly pine pine over a 50-year period is approximately 330 and sweetgum averages 90 feet. The yield from an board feet per acre per year. The yield for sweetgum unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- is approximately 210 board feet per acre per year. year period is approximately 330 board feet per acre Although management can substantially increase per year. The yield for sweetgum is approximately 210 these yields, it should also include attention to board feet per acre per year. Management can streamside management zone practices on Rentzel substantially increase these yields. soils to protect water quality. There are no significant management problems Restriction of equipment use can be expected associated with these soils. However, proper road during the late winter and spring months due to a design and layout, including the installation of water- high water table. Care must be taken to prevent control devices, such as water bars, are important on excessive rutting, especially on the flatter slopes. The the steeper slopes of the Austonio and Kurth soils. abundant available moisture can lead to a During road design and layout, attention should be competition problem for pine seedlings. Site given to avoid extremely flat or depressional areas. preparation or release that will control invading brush may be necessary. During road design and layout, Woodland Management Group 11. The Lilbert attention should be given to avoid extremely flat or soils in map unit LtC are in this group. These sandy depressional areas and to not interrupt normal soils are on uplands. They are best suited to the drainage. Maintenance of roads will be necessary to production of pine trees. fill ruts and holes. Since areas of Rentzel soil may Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, often be included in streamside management zones, shortleaf pine, post oak, white ash, sweetgum, and road and trail construction should be limited. hickory. The site index for loblolly pine averages 90 feet, but can range from 80 to 95 feet depending on Woodland Management Group 13. The slope and slope position. The yield from an Portersprings soils in map unit PsA are in this group. unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- These soils are on stream terraces. Due to the high year period is approximately 330 board feet per acre pH, these soils are best suited to the production of per year. Management can substantially increase this hardwood trees. yield. Common trees of the overstory are water oak, The coarse texture of these soils may cause green ash, pecan, and elm. The site index for water equipment limitations, particularly during dry periods. oak averages 90 feet. The yield from an unmanaged, Modified equipment, such as tandem-axled, four- natural stand of green ash is approximately 265 wheel drive, or wide-tired vehicles, may be needed. board feet per acre per year. Management can Also, little available moisture may cause seedling substantially increase this yield. mortality to be significant in dry years. Successful There are no significant management problems establishment of planted pine requires attention to associated with these soils. During road design and proper planting depth and soil compaction. Planting layout, attention should be given to avoid extremely when the soil is moist should be helpful. Control of flat areas and to not interrupt normal drainage. herbaceous weeds, either during site preparation or Maintenance of roads may be necessary to fill ruts as a release during the first growing season, may and holes. also be needed. Woodland Management Group 14. The Sacul Woodland Management Group 12. This group soils in map unit SaB are in this group. These loamy includes the Freestone, Moten, Penning, Rentzel, and soils are on rolling uplands. They are best suited to Sawlit soils in map units FrB, FsA, MxA, PeB, RnB, the production of pine trees. and SwA. These soils are either on broad terraces or Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, low upland sites and may be wet during the winter shortleaf pine, white ash, sweetgum, post oak, and spring months due to a high water table. They southern red oak, and white oak. The site index for are suited to the production of both pine and loblolly pine averages 85 feet, but can vary hardwood trees (fig. 11). significantly depending on slope position. The yield Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine Houston County, Texas 129
Figure 11.—This area of Penning very fine sandy loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes, is being managed for pine production.
over a 50-year period is approximately 280 board feet control devices, such as water bars and wing ditches, per acre per year. Management can substantially should be used. increase this yield. Since clay occurs within 10 inches of the surface, Woodland Management Group 15. The Moswell particular attention should be given to tree planting soils in map units MsB and MsE are in this group. methods that ensure proper root placement and soil These loamy soils are on rolling uplands. They are compaction. In some cases, subsoiling before suited to the production of both pine and hardwood planting may be needed. The clayey subsoil may trees. restrict equipment use during wet weather. Proper Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, road design and layout that include the use of water- shortleaf pine, southern red oak, white oak, post oak, white ash, and sweetgum. The site index for loblolly 130 Soil Survey
pine averages 85 feet, but can range from 75 to 90 control devices, such as water bars, becomes more feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of important. Wing ditches should be installed at loblolly pine over a 50-year period is approximately intervals as close as practical, but released only onto 280 board feet per acre per year. The yield for stable outlets. Constructing roads with long, sweetgum is approximately 165 board feet per acre uninterrupted grades on the steeper slopes should be per year. Management can substantially increase avoided. these yields. As slopes increase, the potential for erosion Woodland Management Group 17. This group increases. Therefore, care must be taken to avoid includes the Betis, Darco, and Grapeland soils in map excessive uphill and downhill rutting on the steeper units BtC, DaC, DaE, and GrB. These sandy soils are sites. Intensive site preparation should be limited to on uplands. They are best suited to the production of gentler slopes, and machine tree planting should be pine trees. done on the contour. Since clay occurs within 10 Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, inches of the surface, particular attention should be shortleaf pine, post oak, and hickory. The site index given to tree planting methods that ensure proper for loblolly pine averages 85 feet, but can range from root placement and soil compaction. In some cases, 80 to 90 feet depending on slope and slope position. subsoiling before planting may be needed. The clayey The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of subsoil may restrict equipment use during wet loblolly pine over a 50-year period is approximately weather. During road design, long, uninterrupted 330 board feet per acre per year. Management can grades should be avoided, and adequate water- substantially increase this yield. control devices, such as water bars and dips, should Generally, these soils are not very erosive. be installed. Wing ditches should be installed at However, to minimize erosion associated with logging intervals as close as practical, but always released on the steeper slopes, care must be taken to prevent onto stable outlets. uphill and downhill rutting during skidding and hauling. Machine planting should be done on the Woodland Management Group 16. This group contour on the steeper slopes. The coarse texture of includes the Lovelady and Tenaha soils in map units these soils may restrict equipment use during dry LvC, LvD, and TaE. These sandy soils are on uplands. periods. Modified equipment, such as tandem-axled, They are best suited to the production of pine trees. four-wheel drive, or wide-tired vehicles, may be Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, needed. Seedling mortality may be significant due to shortleaf pine, sweetgum, post oak, southern red the low available water capacity of these soils. oak, and white oak. The site index for loblolly pine Successful establishment of planted pine requires averages 85 feet, but can vary depending on slope attention to proper planting depth and soil and slope position. The yield from an unmanaged, compaction. Planting when the soil is moist should be natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is helpful. Control of competing herbaceous weeds, approximately 280 board feet per acre per year. either during site preparation or as a release during Management can substantially increase this yield. the first growing season, may also be needed. Some Generally, these soils are not very erosive. replanting may be necessary, especially following a However, uphill and downhill rutting should be particularly dry year. As slopes increase, the need for avoided, particularly on the steeper slopes. The proper road design and construction becomes more coarse texture of these soils may restrict equipment important. Constructing roads with long, use, particularly during dry periods. Modified uninterrupted grades should be avoided and water- equipment, such as tandem-axled, wide-tired, or four- control devices should be installed. Wing ditches wheel drive vehicles, may be needed, especially should be installed at intervals as close as practical, during the dry periods. The moderate available water but released only onto stable outlets. capacity of these soils may result in significant seedling mortality during dry years. Successful Woodland Management Group 18. This group establishment of planted pine requires attention to includes the Keltys, Kirvin, and Multey soils in map proper planting depth and soil compaction. Planting units KeB, KeD, KfC, and MxA. These loamy and when the soil is moist should be helpful. Control of clayey soils are on gently sloping uplands and are herbaceous weeds, either during site preparation or best suited to the production of pine trees. as a release during the first growing season, may Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, also be necessary. As slopes increase, the need for shortleaf pine, southern red oak, sweetgum, and proper road design, including the installation of water- hickory. The site index for loblolly pine averages 85 Houston County, Texas 131
feet, but can range from 80 to 90 feet. The yield from depressional areas and to not interrupt normal an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a drainage. Crowning and raising the roadbed may be 50-year period is approximately 280 board feet per needed. Road maintenance is necessary to fill ruts acre per year. Management can substantially and holes. increase this yield. There are no significant management problems Woodland Management Group 20. This group associated with these soils. However, as the slopes includes the Cuthbert, Kirvin, and Trawick soils in increase on Keltys soils, the potential for erosion also map units CtE, CuE, KgC, TrE, TwC, and TwE. These increases. Care should be taken to avoid rutting on loamy and gravelly soils are on rolling uplands. They such sites, and intensive site preparation should be are best suited to the production of pine trees. restricted to the flatter slopes. Proper road design Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, and layout that includes the use of water-control shortleaf pine, sweetgum, hickory, post oak, southern devices, such as water bars and wing ditches, on the red oak, and white oak. The site index for loblolly pine steeper slopes should be used. averages 80 feet, but can range from 75 to 85 feet depending on the slope position. The yield from an Woodland Management Group 19. The Fuller unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- soils in map units FuA and FuB are in this group. year period is approximately 230 board feet per acre These loamy soils are on uplands and may have a per year. Management can substantially increase this high water table during the winter and spring months. yield. They are suited to the production of both pine and As slopes increase, the potential for erosion hardwood trees. increases. Care should be taken to avoid uphill and Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, downhill rutting during harvesting. Intensive site shortleaf pine, water oak, willow oak, cherrybark preparation should be restricted to the flatter slopes, oak, blackgum, red maple, and sweetgum. The site and machine planting should be done on the contour. index for loblolly pine averages 85 feet, but can range On steeper sites, less intensive site preparation and from 80 to 95 feet depending on slope and wetness. regeneration methods, such as roller-chopping, The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of burning, or underplanting and deadening, should be loblolly pine over a 50-year period is approximately considered. The clayey subsoil may restrict 280 board feet per acre per year. The yield for equipment use during wet periods. Modified sweetgum is approximately 165 board feet per acre equipment, such as four-wheel drive vehicles, may be per year. Management can substantially increase needed. Since clay occurs within 10 inches of the these yields. surface, particular attention should be given to tree Although erosion is generally not a concern, these planting methods that ensure proper root placement soils can become erosive when drastically disturbed, and soil compaction. Subsoiling before machine particularly on the steeper slopes. Management planting on the flatter slopes may also improve operations should be planned to cause as little seedling survival. Low soil strength, particularly when disturbance to the soil as possible and to avoid uphill wet, may cause road problems. As slopes increase, and downhill rutting. A high water table may cause the need for proper road design and construction, severe restrictions to access during the late winter including the installation of water-control devices, and spring months and during wet periods. Modified such as water bars, dips, and wing ditches, becomes equipment, such as tandem-axled and four-wheel more important. Long, uninterrupted grades should drive vehicles, is necessary during these times. Care be avoided. Sloughing of cuts and fills may also be a must be taken to prevent excessive rutting on the problem on steeper slopes. The surface should be left flatter slopes. The abundant available moisture and as flat as possible. Potential problem areas should be presence of salts in these soils may lead to revegetated. significant pine seedling mortality. Therefore, site preparation should be limited to the extent needed for Woodland Management Group 21. This group planting and should not remove all vegetation, tree includes the Annona, Herty, Kellison, Lacerda, and planting should be planned to follow harvesting as Woodtell soils in map units AnA, AnB, HeA, HeB, soon as possible, and natural regeneration should be KcE, LaA, LaB, LaE, WoB, and WoE. These soils are considered. Control of invading brush and on uplands. They are suited to the production of both undesirable species may be needed in regeneration pine and hardwood trees. operations. During road design and layout, attention Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, should be given to avoid extremely flat or shortleaf pine, post oak, southern red oak, 132 Soil Survey
cherrybark oak, white ash, green ash, and sweetgum. per year. Management can substantially increase this The site index for loblolly pine averages 80 feet. The yield. yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly The steep slopes of these soils can cause severe pine over a 50-year period is approximately 230 equipment limitations and increase the potential for board feet per acre per year. The yield for sweetgum erosion. Harvesting methods need to be adjusted to is approximately 120 board feet per acre per year. limit the use of equipment as much as possible. Although management can substantially increase Skidding should either be restricted to selected trails these yields, short rotation management systems or done on as gentle an uphill grade as possible. may be considered because trees growing on these Traffic should be excluded or restricted during wet soils tend to have poor form. periods. Site preparation and tree planting should be As slopes increase, particularly on the Kellison, planned to cause a minimum of disturbance to the Lacerda, and Woodtell soils, the potential for erosion site. Underplanting or hand planting followed by increases. Steps should be taken to avoid uphill and release should be considered. Attention to planting downhill rutting during harvesting. Intensive site methods is important to assure proper root preparation should be restricted to the flatter slopes, placement and soil compaction. Because the slopes and machine planting should be done on the contour. on these soils exceed the recommended maximum On steeper sites, less intensive site preparation and grade for roads, construction should be avoided regeneration methods, such as roller-chopping, whenever possible. If this is not possible, adequate burning, or underplanting and deadening, should be water-control devices, such as water bars, dips, and considered. The clayey subsoil may restrict wing ditches, must be installed. Care must be taken equipment use during wet periods. Modified to ensure that these devices release only onto stable equipment, such as four-wheel drive vehicles, may be outlets. Seeding of the road surface may be needed. Since clay occurs within 10 inches of the necessary; however, seeding of ditches and outlets, surface, particular attention should be given to tree as well as other problem and disturbed areas, should planting methods that ensure proper root placement be planned. and soil compaction. Subsoiling before machine planting on the flatter slopes may also improve Woodland Management Group 23. The Mollville seedling survival. The high shrink-swell nature of soils in map units MoA and MpA are in this group. these soils makes road construction and These loamy soils are on nearly level terraces and maintenance difficult. As slopes increase, the need may also be in depressional areas. They may be for proper road design and construction, including the saturated during the winter months. They are suited installation of water-control devices, such as water to the production of both pine and hardwood trees. bars, dips, and wing ditches, becomes more Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, important. Long, uninterrupted grades should be water oak, willow oak, sweetgum, and green ash. The avoided. In addition, care must be taken to prevent site index for loblolly pine, water oak, and sweetgum excessive rutting, especially on the flatter slopes. averages 80 feet. The yield from an unmanaged, Road maintenance is necessary to fill ruts, cracks, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is and holes. Sloughing of cuts and fills may also be a approximately 230 board feet per acre per year. The problem on steeper slopes. The surface should be left yield for sweetgum is approximately 120 board feet as flat as possible. Potential problem areas should be per acre per year. Management can substantially revegetated. increase these yields. Wetness during much of the year may greatly Woodland Management Group 22. This group restrict the use of equipment. Harvesting should be includes the Cuthbert and Trawick soils in map units planned during drier periods. Modified equipment, CtG and TxG. These soils are on steep uplands. They such as tandem-axled, wide-tired, or four-wheel drive are best suited to the production of pine trees. vehicles, is needed most of the time. Care should be Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, taken to prevent excessive rutting and the blockage of shortleaf pine, sweetgum, hickory, post oak, southern drainageways. Pine seedling mortality may be red oak, and white oak. The site index for loblolly pine significant, especially during wet years. Planting averages 80 feet, but can range from 75 to 85 during the drier part of the planting season should be depending on slope position. The yield from an planned. In addition, bedding or mounding may also unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50- be beneficial. Competition to desirable seedlings from year period is approximately 230 board feet per acre herbaceous and woody plants may be severe. Site preparation and release practices that will control this Houston County, Texas 133
competition will be needed. Road construction should uninterrupted grades should be avoided. In addition, be planned to avoid these soils whenever possible. If care must be taken to prevent excessive rutting, road construction is necessary, crowning and raising especially on the flatter slopes. Road maintenance is the roadbed may be needed. Road maintenance necessary to fill ruts, cracks, and holes. Potential should be planned, and care should be taken to problem areas should be revegetated. prevent ponding. Woodland Management Group 26. The Garner Woodland Management Group 24. This group soils in map unit GaA are in this group. These clayey includes the Derly and Percilla soils in map units FsA soils are on stream terraces and may be wet during and PnA. These soils are on stream terraces and the late winter and spring months. They are suited to upland depressional areas and may have a high the production of both pine and hardwood trees. water table during the late winter and spring months. Some sites, however, may have a high pH, which will They are best suited to the production of hardwood limit their suitability for pine trees. trees. Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, Common trees of the overstory are sweetgum, shortleaf pine, water oak, willow oak, post oak, green ash, blackgum, willow oak, and cherrybark oak. southern red oak, green ash, and sweetgum. The site The site index for sweetgum and bottomland oaks index for loblolly pine averages 75 feet, but can range averages 80 feet. The yield from an unmanaged, from 70 to 90 feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of sweetgum over a 50-year period is natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is approximately 120 board feet per acre per year. approximately 230 board feet per acre per year. The Management can increase this yield. yield for sweetgum is approximately 120 board feet Wetness may restrict access for periods during the per acre per year. Although management can late winter and spring months. Modified equipment, increase these yields, short rotation management such as tandem-axled and four-wheel drive vehicles, systems may be considered because trees growing is needed for much of the year. Control of invading on these soils tend to have poor form. The clayey brush and undesirable species may be needed in surface may restrict equipment use during wet regeneration operations. Road construction should be periods. Modified equipment, such as four-wheel planned to avoid these soils. drive vehicles, may be needed. The clay texture may cause a high rate of seedling mortality and problems Woodland Management Group 25. This group in tree planting. Attention to planting methods is includes the Chireno and Etoile soils in map units important to assure proper root placement and soil ChA and EtB. These clayey soils are on uplands. compaction. Poor drainage may also cause severe They are suited to the production of both pine and pine seedling mortality. Care must be taken during hardwood trees. harvesting and site preparation operations to prevent Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, excessive rutting and maintain normal drainage. Tree shortleaf pine, water oak, southern red oak, and planting should be done during the drier part of the sweetgum. Thorny species, such as hawthorns, season. Control of invading brush and undesirable dominate the understory. The site index for loblolly species may be needed in regeneration operations. pine and sweetgum averages 75 feet. The yield from The shrink-swell nature of these soils makes road an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a construction and maintenance difficult. During road 50-year period is approximately 180 board feet per design and layout, attention should be given to avoid acre per year. The yield for sweetgum is extremely flat or depressional areas and to not approximately 85 board feet per acre per year. interrupt normal drainage. Road maintenance is Although management can increase these yields, necessary to fill ruts, cracks, and holes. short rotation management systems may be considered because trees growing on these soils Woodland Management Group 27. This group tend to have poor form. The clayey subsoil may includes the Kaufman and Texark soils in map units restrict equipment use during wet periods. Modified Ka, Kb, Te, and Tf. These soils are on flood plains and equipment, such as four-wheel drive vehicles, may be may flood for very brief to long duration in the late needed. The clay may also cause problems in tree winter and spring months. Therefore, they are best planting. Attention to planting methods is important to suited to the production of hardwood trees only. assure proper root placement and soil compaction. Common trees of the overstory are green ash, The high shrink-swell nature of these soils makes hackberry, pecan, cottonwood, sycamore, and willow road construction and maintenance difficult. Long, oak. The site index for bottomland oaks averages 70 134 Soil Survey
feet. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine willow oak over a 50-year period is approximately 60 over a 50-year period is approximately 95 board feet board feet per acre per year. Although management per acre per year. Management can increase this can increase this yield, it should also include yield. attention to streamside management zone practices The steep slopes of these soils and the shallow to protect water quality. surface of the Bub soils may cause severe equipment Wetness may restrict access for periods during the limitations and increase the potential for erosion. late winter and spring months. Modified equipment, Harvesting methods need to be adjusted to limit the such as tandem-axled and four-wheel drive vehicles, use of equipment as much as possible. Skidding is needed for much of the year. Control of invading should either be restricted to selected trails or done brush and undesirable species may be needed in on as gentle an uphill grade as possible. Traffic regeneration operations. During road design and should be excluded or restricted during wet periods. layout, attention should be given to avoid extremely Site preparation and tree planting should be done in flat areas and to not interrupt normal drainage. ways that cause a minimum of disturbance to the site. Crowning and raising the roadbed may be needed. Underplanting or hand planting followed by release Road maintenance is necessary to fill ruts and holes. should be considered. Attention to planting methods Since areas of these soils may often be included in is important to assure proper root placement and soil streamside management zones, road and trail compaction. The stony surface may restrict planting construction should be limited. methods on the Bub soils to hand planting. Because the slopes on these soils exceed the recommended Woodland Management Group 28. This group maximum grade for roads, construction should be includes the Eastham and Hallsbluff soils in map avoided whenever possible. If this is not possible, units EaA, EaB, and HbC. The high pH of these soils adequate water-control devices, such as water bars, make them best suited to the production of hardwood dips, and wing ditches, must be installed. Care must trees only. be taken to ensure that these devices release only Common trees of the overstory are green ash, onto stable outlets. Seeding of the road surface may water oak, post oak, and hackberry. The site index for be necessary, but seeding of ditches and outlets, as water oak averages 70 feet. The high shrink-swell well as other problem and disturbed areas, should be property of these soils causes trees to have poor planned. form and, therefore, makes management undesirable. The clayey surface may restrict equipment use during Woodland Management Group 30. The Tonkawa wet periods. Modified equipment, such as four-wheel soils in map unit ToC are in this group. These very drive vehicles, may be needed. Care must be taken deep sandy soils are on uplands. They are best during any harvesting operation to prevent excessive suited to the production of pine trees. rutting and to maintain normal drainage. The shrink- Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, swell nature of these soils makes road construction shortleaf pine, post oak, and hickory. The site index and maintenance difficult. During road design and for loblolly pine averages 65 feet, but can vary layout, attention should be given to avoid extremely depending on slope position in steeper areas. The flat areas and to not interrupt normal drainage. Road yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly maintenance is necessary to fill ruts, cracks, and pine over a 50-year period is approximately 95 board holes. feet per acre per year. Management can increase this yield. Woodland Management Group 29. This group The coarse texture of these soils causes a severe includes the Naclina and Bub soils in map units NaG limitation on equipment use, particularly during dry and TxG. Although both of these soils are on steep periods. Modified equipment, such as tandem-axled, uplands, the Bub soils are shallow and may have a four-wheel drive, or wide-tired vehicles, is needed. stony surface. They are best suited to the production Generally, erosion is not a severe problem, but it can of pine trees, but hardwood trees usually dominate be when runoff water is confined. Therefore, uphill the Naclina soils. and downhill rutting must be avoided. Site preparation Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, should be kept to a minimum to maintain as much of shortleaf pine, white ash, hickory, southern red oak, the organic matter as possible on the soil surface. post oak, and white oak. The site index for loblolly Site preparation burning should be avoided. To pine averages 65 feet, but can range from 60 to 75 minimize the impact of site preparation and still feet depending on slope and slope position. The yield achieve control of competing vegetation, the use of Houston County, Texas 135
herbicides for release should be considered. Control to support grazing of livestock or wildlife, or both, of herbaceous competition during the first growing without damage to the trees. season may be important to successful seedling The quantity and quality of understory vegetation establishment. Because these soils are droughty, vary with the kind of soil, the age and kind of trees in seedling mortality should be expected to be high and the canopy, the density of the canopy, and the depth replanting should be planned. Measures, such as and condition of the litter. The density of the canopy planting in furrows plowed on the contour and root determines the amount of light that understory plants treatments with absorbents, may be helpful. These receive. very deep sandy soils cause serious problems in Table 7 shows, for each soil suitable for woodland, road construction and maintenance. Where possible, the potential for producing understory vegetation. The permanent roads should be kept to a minimum and total production of understory vegetation includes the constant maintenance should be planned. During herbaceous plants and the leaves, twigs, and fruit of road construction, V-shaped ditches should be woody plants up to a height of 4.5 feet. It is expressed avoided and water-control devices must have stable in pounds per acre of air-dry vegetation in favorable, outlets. Temporary roads should be retired after use normal, and unfavorable years. In a favorable year, by reshaping if necessary, revegetating, and soil moisture is above average during the optimum restricting access. part of the growing season; in a normal year, soil moisture is average; and in an unfavorable year, it is Woodland Management Group 31. The Kirvin below average. soils in map unit KhC are in this group. These soils The table also lists the common names of the are on uplands. The surface has been removed for characteristic vegetation on each soil and the gravel. These soils are best suited to the production composition, by percentage of air-dry weight, of each of pine trees. kind of plant. The table shows the kind and Common trees of the overstory are loblolly pine, percentage of understory plants expected under a shortleaf pine, post oak, southern red oak, and canopy density that is most nearly typical of hickory. The site index for loblolly pine averages 65 woodland in which the production of wood crops is feet, but can vary depending on the amount of site highest. disturbance. The yield from an unmanaged, natural stand of loblolly pine over a 50-year period is Recreation approximately 95 board feet per acre per year. The lack of surface and the clayey texture of these soils Houston County, with its location, climate, cause all phases of management to have special topography, highways, and natural resources, has a concerns. high potential for numerous outdoor recreational Stabilizing these soils against erosion is often activities. The county is about one and one-half hour needed because of sparse vegetation. Seeding may drive from Houston and two and one-half hours drive be needed. Since clay may occur at the surface, from Dallas, which provides close proximity to attention to tree planting methods is important. population centers for activities requiring large Subsoiling prior to planting may be required, and numbers of people. attention must be given to root placement and soil The county has many areas of scenic, geologic, compaction. Harvesting methods that minimize soil and historical interests. These areas are used for disturbance should be planned. The use of camping, hiking, hunting, fishing, sightseeing, equipment may be restricted during wet periods. picnicking, and boating (fig. 12). Public areas Roads built on these soils must have adequate water- available for recreation include the Davy Crockett control devices, such as water bars, dips, and wing National Forest, Mission Tejas State Park, Houston ditches, installed. Outlets must release only onto County Lake, Ratcliff Lake Park, Neches Bluff stable areas, and seeding of outlets and ditches may Overlook, Monroe Cook House, Downes-Aldrich be necessary. House, and the World Championship Fiddlers Festival. Woodland Understory Vegetation In table 8, the soils of the survey area are rated according to the limitations that affect their suitability Understory vegetation consists of grasses, forbs, for recreation. The ratings are based on restrictive shrubs, and other plants. If well managed, some soil features, such as wetness, slope, and texture of woodland can produce enough understory vegetation the surface layer. Susceptibility to flooding is considered. Not considered in the ratings, but 136 Soil Survey
Figure 12.—Camping and other forms of recreation are popular in the forested areas of Houston County. important in evaluating a site, are the location and In the table, the degree of soil limitation is accessibility of the area, the size and shape of the expressed as slight, moderate, or severe. Slight area and its scenic quality, vegetation, access to means that soil properties are generally favorable water, potential water impoundment sites, and access and that limitations are minor and easily overcome. to public sewer lines. The capacity of the soil to Moderate means that limitations can be overcome or absorb septic tank effluent and the ability of the soil alleviated by planning, design, or special to support vegetation are also important. Soils maintenance. Severe means that soil properties are subject to flooding are limited for recreational uses by unfavorable and that limitations can be offset only by the duration and intensity of flooding and the season costly soil reclamation, special design, intensive when flooding occurs. In planning recreational maintenance, limited use, or a combination of these facilities, onsite assessment of the height, duration, measures. intensity, and frequency of flooding is essential. The information in the table can be supplemented Houston County, Texas 137
by other information in this survey, for example, of fish and wildlife in Houston County. Soils, along interpretations for septic tank absorption fields in with climate, topography, and man’s influence, directly table 11 and interpretations for dwellings without affect the quality and quantity of habitat available to basements and for local roads and streets in fish and wildlife. table 10. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department has Camp areas require site preparation, such as identified four major habitat types in Houston County: shaping and leveling the tent and parking areas, (1) water oak/elm/hackberry forests, (2) young stabilizing roads and intensively used areas, and forests/grasslands, (3) pine/hardwood forests, and (4) installing sanitary facilities and utility lines. Camp native/introduced grasses. In addition to these major areas are subject to heavy foot traffic and some habitat types, aquatic habitat exists as upland vehicular traffic. The best soils have gentle slopes depressional wetlands and open water habitat, and are not wet or subject to flooding during the including Houston County Lake and numerous farm period of use. The surface has few or no stones or ponds and Trinity and Neches Rivers and their major boulders, absorbs rainfall readily but remains firm, and minor tributaries, such as San Pedro Creek, Big and is not dusty when dry. Strong slopes and stones Creek, and White Rock Creek. Habitat associated or boulders can greatly increase the cost of with cropland occurs in the county in the Trinity River constructing campsites. bottom as well as in the Grapeland area. Picnic areas are subject to heavy foot traffic. Most The water oak/elm/hackberry forest habitat type vehicular traffic is confined to access roads and occurs in the flood plains and associated terraces of parking areas. The best soils for picnic areas are firm the rivers and other drainageways in the county. when wet, are not dusty when dry, are not subject to Characteristic soils of the flood plains are Kosse, flooding during the period of use, and do not have Koury, Laneville, Pophers, and Nahatche. Associated slopes, stones, or boulders that increase the cost of plant species in the flood plains include overcup oak, shaping sites or of building access roads and parking water oak, willow oak, blackgum, red maple, black areas. willow, palmetto, elderberry, Alabama supplejack, Playgrounds require soils that can withstand greenbrier, and trumpet creeper. Representative intensive foot traffic. The best soils are almost level terrace soils include Annona, Attoyac, Bernaldo, and are not wet or subject to flooding during the Latex, and Mollville. Plant species associated with the season of use. The surface is free of stones and terrace soils include loblolly pine, white oak, beech, boulders, is firm after rains, and is not dusty when hackberry, American elm, and water hickory and dry. If grading is needed, the depth of the soil over water locust in the wetter, depressional soils, such as bedrock or a hardpan should be considered. Mollville. Paths and trails for hiking and horseback riding These flood plain and terrace areas are some of should require little or no cutting and filling. The best the most productive wildlife lands in the county and soils are not wet, are firm after rains, are not dusty provide habitat to migratory and resident waterfowl, when dry, and are not subject to flooding more than white-tailed deer, eastern wild turkey, beaver, once a year during the period of use. They have raccoon, mink, bobcat, gray and fox squirrels, moderate slopes and few or no stones or boulders on woodpeckers, and songbirds. Alligators, water the surface. snakes, frogs, toads, turtles, and salamanders are Golf fairways are subject to heavy foot traffic and also present in these areas. some light vehicular traffic. Cutting or filling may be Improvement practices applicable to this habitat required. The best soils for use as golf fairways are type include selective thinning of hardwoods, firm when wet, are not dusty when dry, and are not hardwood reforestation where needed, creation of subject to prolonged flooding during the period of food plots, and installation of structures to create use. They have moderate slopes and no stones or shallow water areas for waterfowl. boulders on the surface. The suitability of the soil for The young forest/grassland habitat type is not soil tees or greens is not considered in rating the soils. or site specific. This habitat type usually develops in the 7 to 10 years following the clearcutting and replanting of a forest. Plant species vary, but Wildlife Habitat generally consists of loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, Robert M. Stellbauer, biologist, Natural Resources Conservation various oaks, sweetgum, and hickory. Shrubs, forbs, Service, helped prepare this section. and grasses in this habitat type include sumac, sassafras, blackberry, greenbrier, hawthorn, yaupon, Soils are the foundation that supports populations tickclover, lespedeza, ragweed, dog fennel, 138 Soil Survey
broomsedge bluestem, pinehill bluestem, and usually consists of either bermudagrass or vaseygrass, and Florida paspalum. This habitat type bahiagrass. These are commonly overseeded in the provides food and cover for deer, coyote, turkey, fall to cool-season annual grasses, such as cottontail rabbit, woodcock, songbirds, and small ryegrass, and to cool-season legumes, such as white mammals. On sandy soils, such as Darco and clover, crimson clover, or arrowleaf clover. These Tonkawa, the abundance of annual forbs and cool-season grasses and legumes provide perennial legumes and the lack of dense herbaceous supplemental foods for deer, turkey, rabbits, and cover offer the potential for production of bobwhite geese. quail and mourning doves. Control of woody vegetation on native or As this habitat type ages, practices that can help introduced grasses through mowing, application of maintain or improve its quality are annual disking, herbicides, or prescribed burning is essential for the creation of food plots, selective thinning, and proper maintenance of this habitat type. Annual disking, grazing. supplemental food plots, and controlled grazing are The pine/hardwood forest habitat type, as typified other practices that may be used to maintain or by the Davy Crockett National Forest, generally improve habitat quality. occurs on upland soils, such as Kirvin, Sacul, The aquatic habitat of lakes, rivers, and creeks Woodtell, and Cuthbert, and is not specific to along with the many farm ponds occurring in the topography. Plant species associated with this habitat county provide habitat for largemouth bass; channel, includes loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, sweetgum, blue, and yellow catfish; crappie; and bluegill sunfish. yaupon, greenbrier, longleaf uniola, beaked panicum, Beaver, blue and green herons, common and cattle lespedeza, and tickclover. This habitat type provides egrets, wood ducks, scaup, and redhead ducks also food and cover for white-tailed deer, turkey, fox use these aquatic habitats. Farm ponds in the county squirrel, raccoon, opossum, bobcat, owls, hawks, also provide aquatic habitat to upland wildlife woodpeckers, such as the endangered red cockaded species, waterfowl, fish, and reptiles. Soils suitable for woodpecker, and songbirds. While soils and farm pond construction include Kirvin, Sacul, and topography may influence the types and amounts of Woodtell. These ponds are usually stocked with vegetation present, the quality of this habitat is largemouth bass, channel catfish, fathead minnows, influenced most by the density of canopy in the and bluegill sunfish. overstory and midstory. As canopy cover increases, Farm ponds in Houston County may require the the diversity and quantity of understory plant species application of agricultural limestone to ensure good decrease. productivity. Other practices useful in maintaining or Selective thinning, creating forest openings, improving quality pond habitat include aquatic weed planting supplemental food plots, prescribed burning, control, fertilization, proper fish stocking and and proper woodland grazing are practices that can harvesting, and the installation of siphon or trickle improve the quality of this habitat. tubes. The native/introduced grass habitat type is Wildlife habitat associated with cropland occurs in normally found on loamy and sandy upland soils, the Trinity River bottom and Grapeland area. Waste such as Betis, Bienville, Bowie, and Lilbert; better grains and seeds from corn, grain sorghum, peanuts, drained bottomland terrace and flood plain soils, such and watermelons along with the associated forbs, as Annona, Attoyac, and Bernaldo; and native prairie such as croton, ragweed, and partridge pea, provide soils, such as Eastham, Etoile, Lacerda, and food for dove, quail, songbirds, and waterfowl. White- Woodtell. tailed deer and rabbits also find food and cover in the The native grass habitat is usually composed of habitats associated with cropland. Annual cool- grasses, forbs, shrubs, and vines. Little bluestem, season forage crops, such as wheat, oats, and broomsedge bluestem, switchgrass, indiangrass, ryegrass, provide food for deer, rabbits, geese, and partridge pea, tickclover, lespedeza, yankee-weed, cranes. giant ragweed, greenbrier, dewberry, and yaupon are Improvement practices applicable to habitat common plant associates. This habitat type provides associated with cropland include retention of crop food and cover for turkey, quail, white-tailed deer, residue on the soil surface through the winter months; cottontail rabbit, coyote, meadowlark, and red-tailed maintenance of forbs, grasses, and shrubs in fence hawk. The native grassland is very important as lines and along turn rows; and providing unharvested fawning habitat for deer and nesting habitat for wild rows of grain crops through the winter months. turkey. Soils affect the kind and amount of vegetation that Introduced grass habitat is common in the county is available to wildlife as food and cover. They also Houston County, Texas 139
affect the construction of water impoundments. The Wild herbaceous plants are native or naturally kind and abundance of wildlife depend largely on the established grasses and forbs, including weeds. Soil amount and distribution of food, cover, and water. properties and features that affect the growth of these Wildlife habitat can be created or improved by plants are depth of the root zone, texture of the planting appropriate vegetation, by maintaining the surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, existing plant cover, or by promoting the natural surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil temperature and establishment of desirable plants. soil moisture are also considerations. Examples of In table 9, the soils in the survey area are rated wild herbaceous plants are bluestem, panicum, according to their potential for providing habitat for indiangrass, longleaf uniola, and purpletop. various kinds of wildlife. This information can be used Hardwood trees and woody understory produce in planning parks, wildlife refuges, nature study nuts or other fruit, buds, catkins, twigs, bark, and areas, and other developments for wildlife; in foliage. Soil properties and features that affect the selecting soils that are suitable for establishing, growth of hardwood trees and shrubs are depth of the improving, or maintaining specific elements of wildlife root zone, available water capacity, and wetness. habitat; and in determining the intensity of Examples of these plants are oak, sweetgum, management needed for each element of the habitat. hawthorn, dogwood, hickory, blackberry, and The potential of the soil is rated good, fair, poor, or blueberry. very poor. A rating of good indicates that the element Coniferous plants furnish browse and seeds. Soil or kind of habitat is easily established, improved, or properties and features that affect the growth of maintained. Few or no limitations affect management, coniferous trees, shrubs, and ground cover are depth and satisfactory results can be expected. A rating of of the root zone, available water capacity, and fair indicates that the element or kind of habitat can wetness. Examples of coniferous plants are pine and be established, improved, or maintained in most cedar. places. Moderately intensive management is required Wetland plants are annual and perennial wild for satisfactory results. A rating of poor indicates that herbaceous plants that grow on moist or wet sites. limitations are severe for the designated element or Submerged or floating aquatic plants are excluded. kind of habitat. Habitat can be created, improved, or Soil properties and features affecting wetland plants maintained in most places, but management is are texture of the surface layer, wetness, reaction, difficult and must be intensive. A rating of very poor salinity, slope, and surface stoniness. Examples of indicates that restrictions for the element or kind of wetland plants are smartweed, cattail, maidencane, habitat are very severe and that unsatisfactory results rushes, and sedges. can be expected. Creating, improving, or maintaining Shallow water areas have an average depth of habitat is impractical or impossible. less than 5 feet. Some are naturally wet areas. Others The elements of wildlife habitat are described in are created by dams, levees, or other water-control the following paragraphs. structures. Soil properties and features affecting Grain and seed crops are domestic grains and shallow water areas are depth to bedrock, wetness, seed-producing herbaceous plants. Soil properties surface stoniness, slope, and permeability. Examples and features that affect the growth of grain and seed of shallow water areas are marshes, waterfowl crops are depth of the root zone, texture of the feeding areas, and ponds. surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, The habitat for various kinds of wildlife is described slope, surface stoniness, and flooding. Soil in the following paragraphs. temperature and soil moisture are also Habitat for openland wildlife consists of cropland, considerations. Examples of grain and seed crops pasture, meadows, and areas that are overgrown with are corn, wheat, oats, and barley. grasses, herbs, shrubs, and vines. These areas Grasses and legumes are domestic perennial produce grain and seed crops, grasses and legumes, grasses and herbaceous legumes. Soil properties and wild herbaceous plants. Wildlife attracted to these and features that affect the growth of grasses and areas include bobwhite quail, meadowlark, field legumes are depth of the root zone, texture of the sparrow, cottontail, and coyote. surface layer, available water capacity, wetness, Habitat for woodland wildlife consists of areas of surface stoniness, flooding, and slope. Soil deciduous plants or coniferous plants or both and temperature and soil moisture are also associated grasses, legumes, and wild herbaceous considerations. Examples of grasses and legumes plants. Wildlife attracted to these areas include wild are bermudagrass, lovegrass, bahiagrass, fescue, turkey, woodpeckers, squirrels, coyote, raccoon, and singletary pea, clover, and vetch. deer. 140 Soil Survey
Habitat for wetland wildlife consists of open, estimates of construction conditions; evaluate marshy or swampy shallow water areas. Some of the alternative routes for roads, streets, highways, wildlife attracted to such areas are ducks, geese, pipelines, and underground cables; evaluate herons, shore birds, muskrat, mink, alligator, and alternative sites for sanitary landfills, septic tank beaver. absorption fields, and sewage lagoons; plan detailed onsite investigations of soils and geology; locate Engineering potential sources of gravel, sand, earthfill, and topsoil; plan drainage systems, irrigation systems, This section provides information for planning land ponds, terraces, and other structures for soil and uses related to urban development and to water water conservation; and predict performance of management. Soils are rated for various uses, and proposed small structures and pavements by the most limiting features are identified. Ratings are comparing the performance of existing similar given for building site development, sanitary facilities, structures on the same or similar soils. construction materials, and water management. The The information in the tables, along with the soil ratings are based on observed performance of the maps, the soil descriptions, and other data provided soils and on the estimated data and test data in the in this survey, can be used to make additional “Soil Properties” section. interpretations. Information in this section is intended for land use Some of the terms used in this soil survey have a planning, for evaluating land use alternatives, and for special meaning in soil science and are defined in the planning site investigations prior to design and Glossary. construction. The information, however, has Building Site Development limitations. For example, estimates and other data generally apply only to that part of the soil within a Table 10 shows the degree and kind of soil depth of 5 or 6 feet. Because of the map scale, small limitations that affect shallow excavations, dwellings areas of different soils may be included within the with and without basements, small commercial mapped areas of a specific soil. buildings, local roads and streets, and lawns and The information is not site specific and does not landscaping. The limitations are considered slight if eliminate the need for onsite investigation of the soils soil properties and site features are generally or for testing and analysis by personnel experienced favorable for the indicated use and limitations are in the design and construction of engineering works. minor and easily overcome; moderate if soil Government ordinances and regulations that properties or site features are not favorable for the restrict certain land uses or impose specific design indicated use and special planning, design, or criteria were not considered in preparing the maintenance is needed to overcome or minimize the information in this section. Local ordinances and limitations; and severe if soil properties or site regulations should be considered in planning, in site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to overcome selection, and in design. that special design, significant increases in Soil properties, site features, and observed construction costs, and possibly increased performance were considered in determining the maintenance are required. Special feasibility studies ratings in this section. During the fieldwork for this soil may be required where the soil limitations are severe. survey, determinations were made about grain-size Shallow excavations are trenches or holes dug to distribution, liquid limit, plasticity index, soil reaction, a maximum depth of 5 or 6 feet for basements, depth to bedrock, hardness of bedrock within 5 or 6 graves, utility lines, open ditches, and other purposes. feet of the surface, soil wetness, depth to a seasonal The ratings are based on soil properties, site high water table, slope, likelihood of flooding, natural features, and observed performance of the soils. The soil structure aggregation, and soil density. Data were ease of digging, filling, and compacting is affected by collected about kinds of clay minerals, mineralogy of the depth to bedrock, a cemented pan, or a very firm, the sand and silt fractions, and the kinds of adsorbed dense layer; stone content; soil texture; and slope. cations. Estimates were made for erodibility, The time of the year that excavations can be made is permeability, corrosivity, shrink-swell potential, affected by the depth to a seasonal high water table available water capacity, and other behavioral and the susceptibility of the soil to flooding. The characteristics affecting engineering uses. resistance of the excavation walls or banks to This information can be used to evaluate the sloughing or caving is affected by soil texture and potential of areas for residential, commercial, depth to the water table. industrial, and recreational uses; make preliminary Dwellings and small commercial buildings are Houston County, Texas 141
structures built on shallow foundations on or site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to undisturbed soil. The load limit is the same as that for overcome that special design, significant increases in single-family dwellings no higher than three stories. construction costs, and possibly increased Ratings are made for small commercial buildings maintenance are required. without basements, for dwellings with basements, The table also shows the suitability of the soils for and for dwellings without basements. The ratings are use as daily cover for landfill. A rating of good based on soil properties, site features, and observed indicates that soil properties and site features are performance of the soils. A high water table, flooding, favorable for the use and that good performance and shrinking and swelling, and organic layers can cause low maintenance can be expected; fair indicates that the movement of footings. Depth to a high water soil properties and site features are moderately table, depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, large favorable for the use and one or more soil properties stones, and flooding affect the ease of excavation or site features make the soil less desirable than the and construction. Landscaping and grading that soils rated good; and poor indicates that one or more require cuts and fills of more than 5 or 6 feet are not soil properties or site features are unfavorable for the considered. use and overcoming the unfavorable properties Local roads and streets have an all-weather requires special design, extra maintenance, or costly surface and carry automobile and light truck traffic all alteration. year. They have a subgrade of cut or fill soil material; Septic tank absorption fields are areas in which a base of gravel, crushed rock, or stabilized soil effluent from a septic tank is distributed into the soil material; and a flexible or rigid surface. Cuts and fills through subsurface tiles or perforated pipe. Only that are generally limited to less than 6 feet. The ratings part of the soil between depths of 24 and 72 inches is are based on soil properties, site features, and evaluated. The ratings are based on soil properties, observed performance of the soils. Depth to bedrock site features, and observed performance of the soils. or to a cemented pan, depth to a high water table, Permeability, depth to a high water table, depth to flooding, large stones, and slope affect the ease of bedrock or to a cemented pan, and flooding affect excavating and grading. Soil strength (as inferred absorption of the effluent. Large stones and bedrock from the engineering classification of the soil), or a cemented pan interfere with installation. shrink-swell potential, frost action potential, and Unsatisfactory performance of septic tank depth to a high water table affect the traffic- absorption fields, including excessively slow supporting capacity. absorption of effluent, surfacing of effluent, and Lawns and landscaping require soils on which turf hillside seepage, can affect public health. Ground and ornamental trees and shrubs can be established water can be polluted if highly permeable sand and and maintained. The ratings are based on soil gravel or fractured bedrock is less than 4 feet below properties, site features, and observed performance the base of the absorption field, if slope is excessive, of the soils. Soil reaction, depth to a high water table, or if the water table is near the surface. There must depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan, the available be unsaturated soil material beneath the absorption water capacity in the upper 40 inches, and the field to filter the effluent effectively. Many local content of salts, sodium, and sulfidic materials affect ordinances require that this material be of a certain plant growth. Flooding, wetness, slope, stoniness, thickness. and the amount of sand, clay, or organic matter in the Sewage lagoons are shallow ponds constructed to surface layer affect trafficability after vegetation is hold sewage while aerobic bacteria decompose the established. solid and liquid wastes. Lagoons should have a nearly level floor surrounded by cut slopes or Sanitary Facilities embankments of compacted soil. Lagoons generally Table 11 shows the degree and the kind of soil are designed to hold the sewage within a depth of 2 limitations that affect septic tank absorption fields, to 5 feet. Nearly impervious soil material for the sewage lagoons, and sanitary landfills. The lagoon floor and sides is required to minimize limitations are considered slight if soil properties and seepage and contamination of ground water. site features are generally favorable for the indicated The table gives ratings for the natural soil that use and limitations are minor and easily overcome; makes up the lagoon floor. The surface layer and, moderate if soil properties or site features are not generally, 1 or 2 feet of soil material below the favorable for the indicated use and special planning, surface layer are excavated to provide material for the design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or embankments. The ratings are based on soil minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties properties, site features, and observed performance 142 Soil Survey
of the soils. Considered in the ratings are slope, the final cover for a landfill should be suitable for permeability, depth to a high water table, depth to plants. The surface layer generally has the best bedrock or to a cemented pan, flooding, large stones, workability, more organic matter, and the best and content of organic matter. potential for plants. Material from the surface layer Excessive seepage resulting from rapid should be stockpiled for use as the final cover. permeability in the soil or a water table that is high Construction Materials enough to raise the level of sewage in the lagoon causes a lagoon to function unsatisfactorily. Pollution Table 12 gives information about the soils as a results if seepage is excessive or if floodwater source of roadfill, sand, gravel, and topsoil. The soils overtops the lagoon. A high content of organic matter are rated good, fair, or poor as a source of roadfill is detrimental to proper functioning of the lagoon and topsoil. They are rated as a probable or because it inhibits aerobic activity. Slope, bedrock, improbable source of sand and gravel. The ratings and cemented pans can cause construction are based on soil properties and site features that problems, and large stones can hinder compaction of affect the removal of the soil and its use as the lagoon floor. construction material. Normal compaction, minor Sanitary landfills are areas where solid waste is processing, and other standard construction disposed of by burying it in soil. There are two types practices are assumed. Each soil is evaluated to a of landfill—trench and area. In a trench landfill, the depth of 5 or 6 feet. waste is placed in a trench. It is spread, compacted, Roadfill is soil material that is excavated in one and covered daily with a thin layer of soil excavated at place and used in road embankments in another the site. In an area landfill, the waste is placed in place. In this table, the soils are rated as a source of successive layers on the surface of the soil. The roadfill for low embankments, generally less than 6 waste is spread, compacted, and covered daily with a feet high and less exacting in design than higher thin layer of soil from a source away from the site. embankments. Both types of landfill must be able to bear heavy The ratings are for the soil material below the vehicular traffic. Both types involve a risk of ground- surface layer to a depth of 5 or 6 feet. It is assumed water pollution. Ease of excavation and revegetation that soil layers will be mixed during excavating and should be considered. spreading. Many soils have layers of contrasting The ratings in the table are based on soil suitability within their profile. The table showing properties, site features, and observed performance engineering index properties provides detailed of the soils. Permeability, depth to bedrock or to a information about each soil layer. This information cemented pan, depth to a water table, slope, and can help to determine the suitability of each layer for flooding affect both types of landfill. Texture, stones use as roadfill. The performance of soil after it is and boulders, highly organic layers, soil reaction, and stabilized with lime or cement is not considered in the content of salts and sodium affect trench landfills. ratings. Unless otherwise stated, the ratings apply only to that The ratings are based on soil properties, site part of the soil within a depth of about 6 feet. For features, and observed performance of the soils. The deeper trenches, a limitation rated slight or moderate thickness of suitable material is a major may not be valid. Onsite investigation is needed. consideration. The ease of excavation is affected by Daily cover for landfill is the soil material that is large stones, a high water table, and slope. How well used to cover compacted solid waste in an area the soil performs in place after it has been compacted sanitary landfill. The soil material is obtained offsite, and drained is determined by its strength (as inferred transported to the landfill, and spread over the waste. from the engineering classification of the soil) and Soil texture, wetness, coarse fragments, and slope shrink-swell potential. affect the ease of removing and spreading the Soils rated good contain significant amounts of material during wet and dry periods. Loamy or silty sand or gravel or both. They have at least 5 feet of soils that are free of large stones or excess gravel are suitable material, a low shrink-swell potential, few the best cover for a landfill. Clayey soils are sticky or cobbles and stones, and slopes of 15 percent or less. cloddy and are difficult to spread; sandy soils are Depth to the water table is more than 3 feet. Soils subject to soil blowing. rated fair are more than 35 percent silt- and clay- After soil material has been removed, the soil sized particles and have a plasticity index of less than material remaining in the borrow area must be thick 10. They have a moderate shrink-swell potential, enough over bedrock, a cemented pan, or the water slopes of 15 to 25 percent, or many stones. Depth to table to permit revegetation. The soil material used as the water table is 1 to 3 feet. Soils rated poor have a Houston County, Texas 143
plasticity index of more than 10, a high shrink-swell soluble salts, or soils that have slopes of 8 to 15 potential, many stones, or slopes of more than 25 percent. The soils are not so wet that excavation is percent. They are wet and have a water table at a difficult. depth of less than 1 foot. They may have layers of Soils rated poor are very sandy or clayey, have suitable material, but the material is less than 3 feet less than 20 inches of suitable material, have a large thick. amount of gravel, stones, or soluble salts, have Sand and gravel are natural aggregates suitable slopes of more than 15 percent, or have a seasonal for commercial use with a minimum of processing. high water table at or near the surface. They are used in many kinds of construction. The surface layer of most soils is generally Specifications for each use vary widely. In the table, preferred for topsoil because of its organic matter only the probability of finding material in suitable content. Organic matter greatly increases the quantity is evaluated. The suitability of the material for absorption and retention of moisture and releases a specific purposes is not evaluated, nor are factors variety of plant nutrients as it decomposes. that affect excavation of the material. Water Management The properties used to evaluate the soil as a source of sand or gravel are gradation of grain sizes Table 13 gives information on the soil properties (as indicated by the engineering classification of the and site features that affect water management. The soil), the thickness of suitable material, and the degree and kind of soil limitations are given for pond content of rock fragments. Kinds of rock, acidity, and reservoir areas; embankments, dikes, and levees; stratification are given in the soil series descriptions. and aquifer-fed excavated ponds. The limitations are Gradation of grain sizes is given in the table on considered slight if soil properties and site features engineering index properties. are generally favorable for the indicated use and A soil rated as a probable source has a layer of limitations are minor and are easily overcome; clean sand or gravel or a layer of sand or gravel that moderate if soil properties or site features are not is up to 12 percent silty fines. This material must be at favorable for the indicated use and special planning, least 3 feet thick and less than 50 percent, by weight, design, or maintenance is needed to overcome or large stones. All other soils are rated as an minimize the limitations; and severe if soil properties improbable source. Coarse fragments of soft bedrock, or site features are so unfavorable or so difficult to such as shale and siltstone, are not considered to be overcome that special design, significant increase in sand and gravel. construction costs, and possibly increased Topsoil is used to cover an area so that vegetation maintenance are required. can be established and maintained. The upper 40 This table also gives the restrictive features that inches of a soil is evaluated for use as topsoil. Also affect each soil for drainage, irrigation, terraces and evaluated is the reclamation potential of the borrow diversions, and grassed waterways. area. Pond reservoir areas hold water behind a dam or Plant growth is affected by toxic material and by embankment. Soils best suited to this use have low such properties as soil reaction, available water seepage potential in the upper 60 inches. The capacity, and fertility. The ease of excavating, loading, seepage potential is determined by the permeability and spreading is affected by rock fragments, slope, a of the soil and the depth to fractured bedrock or other water table, soil texture, and thickness of suitable permeable material. Excessive slope can affect the material. Reclamation of the borrow area is affected storage capacity of the reservoir area. by slope, a water table, rock fragments, bedrock, and Embankments, dikes, and levees are raised toxic material. structures of soil material, generally less than 20 feet Soils rated good have friable, loamy material to a high, constructed to impound water or to protect land depth of at least 40 inches. They are free of stones against overflow. In this table, the soils are rated as a and cobbles, have little or no gravel, and have slopes source of material for embankment fill. The ratings of less than 8 percent. They are low in content of apply to the soil material below the surface layer to a soluble salts, are naturally fertile or respond well to depth of about 5 feet. It is assumed that soil layers fertilizer, and are not so wet that excavation is will be uniformly mixed and compacted during difficult. construction. Soils rated fair are sandy soils, loamy soils that The ratings do not indicate the ability of the natural have a relatively high content of clay, soils that have soil to support an embankment. Soil properties to a only 20 to 40 inches of suitable material, soils that depth greater than the height of the embankment can have an appreciable amount of gravel, stones, or affect performance and safety of the embankment. 144
Generally, deeper onsite investigation is needed to affected by depth to the water table, the need for determine these properties. drainage, flooding, available water capacity, intake Soil material in embankments must be resistant to rate, permeability, erosion hazard, and slope. The seepage, piping, and erosion and have favorable construction of a system is affected by large stones compaction characteristics. Unfavorable features and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan. The include less than 5 feet of suitable material and a performance of a system is affected by the depth of high content of stones or boulders, organic matter, or the root zone, the amount of salts or sodium, and soil salts or sodium. A high water table affects the amount reaction. of usable material. It also affects trafficability. Terraces and diversions are embankments or a Drainage is the removal of excess surface and combination of channels and ridges constructed subsurface water from the soil. How easily and across a slope to control erosion and conserve effectively the soil is drained depends on the depth to moisture by intercepting runoff. Slope, wetness, large bedrock, to a cemented pan, or to other layers that stones, and depth to bedrock or to a cemented pan affect the rate of water movement; permeability; depth affect the construction of terraces and diversions. A to a high water table or depth of standing water if the restricted rooting depth, a severe hazard of wind soil is subject to ponding; slope; susceptibility to erosion or water erosion, an excessively coarse flooding; subsidence of organic layers; and the texture, and restricted permeability adversely affect potential for frost action. Excavating and grading and maintenance. the stability of ditchbanks are affected by depth to Grassed waterways are natural or constructed bedrock or to a cemented pan, large stones, slope, channels, generally broad and shallow, that conduct and the hazard of cutbanks caving. The productivity surface water to outlets at a nonerosive velocity. of the soil after drainage is adversely affected by Large stones, wetness, slope, and depth to bedrock extreme acidity or by toxic substances in the root or to a cemented pan affect the construction of zone, such as salts, sodium, and sulfur. Availability of grassed waterways. A hazard of wind erosion, low drainage outlets is not considered in the ratings. available water capacity, restricted rooting depth, Irrigation is the controlled application of water to toxic substances such as salts or sodium, and supplement rainfall and support plant growth. The restricted permeability adversely affect the growth design and management of an irrigation system are and maintenance of the grass after construction. 145
Soil Properties
Data relating to soil properties are collected during millimeters in diameter. “Loam,” for example, is soil the course of the soil survey. The data and the that is 7 to 27 percent clay, 28 to 50 percent silt, and estimates of soil and water features, listed in tables, less than 52 percent sand. If the content of particles are explained on the following pages. coarser than sand is as much as 15 percent, an Soil properties are determined by field appropriate modifier is added, for example, “gravelly.” examination of the soils and by laboratory index Textural terms are defined in the Glossary. testing of some benchmark soils. Established Classification of the soils is determined according standard procedures are followed. During the survey, to the Unified soil classification system (ASTM, 1993) many shallow borings are made and examined to and the system adopted by the American Association identify and classify the soils and to delineate them of State Highway and Transportation Officials on the soil maps. Samples are taken from some (AASHTO, 1986). typical profiles and tested in the laboratory to The Unified system classifies soils according to determine grain-size distribution, plasticity, and properties that affect their use as construction compaction characteristics. These results are material. Soils are classified according to grain-size reported in table 19. distribution of the fraction less than 3 inches in Estimates of soil properties are based on field diameter and according to plasticity index, liquid limit, examinations, on laboratory tests of samples from the and organic matter content. Sandy and gravelly soils survey area, and on laboratory tests of samples of are identified as GW, GP, GM, GC, SW, SP, SM, and similar soils in nearby areas. Tests verify field SC; silty and clayey soils as ML, CL, OL, MH, CH, observations, verify properties that cannot be and OH; and highly organic soils as PT. Soils estimated accurately by field observation, and help to exhibiting engineering properties of two groups can characterize key soils. have a dual classification, for example, SP-SM. The estimates of soil properties shown in the The AASHTO system classifies soils according to tables include the range of grain-size distribution and those properties that affect roadway construction and Atterberg limits, the engineering classification, and maintenance. In this system, the fraction of a mineral the physical and chemical properties of the major soil that is less than 3 inches in diameter is classified layers of each soil. Pertinent soil and water features in one of seven groups from A-1 through A-7 on the also are given. basis of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. Soils in group A-1 are coarse grained Engineering Index Properties and low in content of fines (silt and clay). At the other extreme, soils in group A-7 are fine grained. Highly Table 14 gives estimates of the engineering organic soils are classified in group A-8 on the basis classification and of the range of index properties for of visual inspection. the major layers of each soil in the survey area. Most If laboratory data are available, the A-1, A-2, and soils have layers of contrasting properties within the A-7 groups are further classified as A-1-a, A-1-b, upper 5 or 6 feet. A-2-4, A-2-5, A-2-6, A-2-7, A-7-5, or A-7-6. As an Depth to the upper and lower boundaries of each additional refinement, the suitability of a soil as layer is indicated. The range in depth and information subgrade material can be indicated by a group index on other properties of each layer are given for each number. Group index numbers range from 0 for the soil series under the heading “Soil Series and Their best subgrade material to 20, or higher, for the Morphology.” poorest. The AASHTO classification for soils tested, Texture is given in the standard terms used by the with group index numbers in parentheses, is given in U.S. Department of Agriculture. These terms are table 19. defined according to percentages of sand, silt, and Percentage (of soil particles) passing designated clay in the fraction of the soil that is less than 2 sieves is the percentage of the soil fraction less than 146 Soil Survey
3 inches in diameter based on an ovendry weight. more than 1.6 can restrict water storage and root The sieves, numbers 4, 10, 40, and 200 (USA penetration. Moist bulk density is influenced by Standard Series), have openings of 4.76, 2.00, 0.420, texture, kind of clay, content of organic matter, and and 0.074 millimeters, respectively. Estimates are soil structure. based on laboratory tests of soils sampled in the Permeability refers to the ability of a soil to transmit survey area and in nearby areas and on estimates water or air. The estimates indicate the rate of made in the field. movement of water through the soil when the soil is Liquid limit and plasticity index (Atterberg limits) saturated. They are based on soil characteristics indicate the plasticity characteristics of a soil. The observed in the field, particularly structure, porosity, estimates are based on test data from the survey and texture. Permeability is considered in the design area or from nearby areas and on field examination. of soil drainage systems and septic tank absorption The estimates of grain-size distribution, liquid limit, fields. and plasticity index are generally rounded to the Available water capacity refers to the quantity of nearest 5 percent. Thus, if the ranges of gradation water that the soil is capable of storing for use by and Atterberg limits extend a marginal amount (1 or 2 plants. The capacity for water storage in each major percentage points) across classification boundaries, soil layer is stated in inches of water per inch of soil. the classification in the marginal zone is omitted in The capacity varies, depending on soil properties that the table. affect the retention of water and the depth of the root zone. The most important properties are the content Physical and Chemical Properties of organic matter, soil texture, bulk density, and soil structure. Available water capacity is an important Table 15 shows estimates of some characteristics factor in the choice of plants or crops to be grown and and features that affect soil behavior. These in the design and management of irrigation systems. estimates are given for the major layers of each soil Available water capacity is not an estimate of the in the survey area. The estimates are based on field quantity of water actually available to plants at any observations and on test data for these and similar given time. soils. Soil reaction is a measure of acidity or alkalinity Clay as a soil separate, or component, consists of and is expressed as a range in pH values. The range mineral soil particles that are less than 0.002 in pH of each major horizon is based on many field millimeter in diameter. In this table, the estimated clay tests. For many soils, values have been verified by content of each major soil layer is given as a laboratory analyses. Soil reaction is important in percentage, by weight, of the soil material that is less selecting crops and other plants, in evaluating soil than 2 millimeters in diameter. amendments for fertility and stabilization, and in The amount and kind of clay greatly affect the determining the risk of corrosion. fertility and physical condition of the soil. They Salinity is a measure of soluble salts in the soil at determine the ability of the soil to adsorb cations and saturation. It is expressed as the electrical to retain moisture. They influence the shrink-swell conductivity of the saturation extract, in millimhos per potential, permeability, plasticity, the ease of soil centimeter at 25 degrees C. Estimates are based on dispersion, and other soil properties. The amount and field and laboratory measurements at representative kind of clay in a soil also affect tillage and sites of nonirrigated soils. The salinity of irrigated earthmoving operations. soils is affected by the quality of the irrigation water Moist bulk density is the weight of soil (ovendry) and by the frequency of water application. Hence, the per unit volume. Volume is measured when the soil is salinity of soils in individual fields can differ greatly at field moisture capacity, that is, the moisture from the value given in the table. Salinity affects the 1 content at /3-bar moisture tension. Weight is suitability of a soil for crop production, the stability of determined after drying the soil at 105 degrees C. In soil if used as construction material, and the potential this table, the estimated moist bulk density of each of the soil to corrode metal and concrete. major soil horizon is expressed in grams per cubic Shrink-swell potential is the potential for volume centimeter of soil material that is less than 2 change in a soil with a loss or gain in moisture. millimeters in diameter. Bulk density data are used to Volume change occurs mainly because of the compute shrink-swell potential, available water interaction of clay minerals with water and varies with capacity, total pore space, and other soil properties. the amount and type of clay minerals in the soil. The The moist bulk density of a soil indicates the pore size of the load on the soil and the magnitude of the space available for water and roots. A bulk density of change in soil moisture content influence the amount Houston County, Texas 147
of swelling of soils in place. Laboratory be grown if measures to control wind erosion are measurements of swelling of undisturbed clods were used. made for many soils. For others, swelling was 5. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are estimated on the basis of the kind and amount of clay less than 20 percent clay and sandy clay loams, minerals in the soil and on measurements of similar sandy clays, and hemic soil material. These soils are soils. slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if measures to If the shrink-swell potential is rated moderate to control wind erosion are used. very high, shrinking and swelling can cause damage 6. Noncalcareous loams and silt loams that are to buildings, roads, and other structures. Special more than 20 percent clay and noncalcareous clay design is often needed. loams that are less than 35 percent clay. These soils Shrink-swell potential classes are based on the are very slightly erodible. Crops can be grown if change in length of an unconfined clod as moisture ordinary measures to control wind erosion are used. content is increased from air-dry to field capacity. The 7. Silts, noncalcareous silty clay loams that are classes are low, a change of less than 3 percent; less than 35 percent clay, and fibric soil material. moderate, 3 to 6 percent; and high, more than 6 These soils are very slightly erodible. Crops can be percent. Very high, more than 9 percent, is grown if ordinary measures to control wind erosion sometimes used. are used. Erosion factor K indicates the susceptibility of a 8. Soils that are not subject to wind erosion soil to sheet and rill erosion by water. Factor K is one because of rock fragments on the surface or because of six factors used in the Universal Soil Loss Equation of surface wetness. (USLE) to predict the average annual rate of soil loss Organic matter is the plant and animal residue in by sheet and rill erosion. Losses are expressed in the soil at various stages of decomposition. In the tons per acre per year. These estimates are based table, the estimated content of organic matter is primarily on percentage of silt, sand, and organic expressed as a percentage, by weight, of the soil matter (up to 4 percent) and on soil structure and material that is less than 2 millimeters in diameter. permeability. Values of K range from 0.02 to 0.69. The The content of organic matter in a soil can be higher the value, the more susceptible the soil is to maintained or increased by returning crop residue to sheet and rill erosion by water. the soil. Organic matter affects the available water Erosion factor T is an estimate of the maximum capacity, infiltration rate, and tilth. It is a source of average annual rate of soil erosion by wind or water nitrogen and other nutrients for crops. that can occur over a sustained period without affecting crop productivity. The rate is expressed in Soil and Water Features tons per acre per year. Wind erodibility groups are made up of soils that Table 16 gives estimates of various soil and water have similar properties affecting their resistance to features. The estimates are used in land use planning wind erosion in cultivated areas. The groups indicate that involves engineering considerations. the susceptibility of soil to wind erosion. Soils are Hydrologic soil groups are used to estimate runoff grouped according to the following distinctions: from precipitation. Soils are assigned to one of four 1. Coarse sands, sands, fine sands, and very fine groups. They are grouped according to the infiltration sands. These soils are generally not suitable for of water when the soils are thoroughly wet and crops. They are extremely erodible, and vegetation is receive precipitation from long-duration storms. difficult to establish. The four hydrologic soil groups are: 2. Loamy coarse sands, loamy sands, loamy fine Group A. Soils having a high infiltration rate (low sands, loamy very fine sands, and sapric soil runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These consist material. These soils are very highly erodible. Crops mainly of deep, well drained to excessively drained can be grown if intensive measures to control wind sands or gravelly sands. These soils have a high rate erosion are used. of water transmission. 3. Coarse sandy loams, sandy loams, fine sandy Group B. Soils having a moderate infiltration rate loams, and very fine sandy loams. These soils are when thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of highly erodible. Crops can be grown if intensive moderately deep or deep, moderately well drained or measures to control wind erosion are used. well drained soils that have moderately fine texture to 4. Clays, silty clays, noncalcareous clay loams, moderately coarse texture. These soils have a and silty clay loams that are more than 35 percent moderate rate of water transmission. clay. These soils are moderately erodible. Crops can Group C. Soils having a slow infiltration rate when 148 Soil Survey
thoroughly wet. These consist chiefly of soils having specific than that provided by detailed engineering a layer that impedes the downward movement of surveys that delineate flood-prone areas at specific water or soils of moderately fine texture or fine flood frequency levels. texture. These soils have a slow rate of water High water table (seasonal) is the highest level of a transmission. saturated zone in the soil in most years. The Group D. Soils having a very slow infiltration rate estimates are based mainly on the evidence of a (high runoff potential) when thoroughly wet. These saturated zone, namely grayish colors or mottles in consist chiefly of clays that have a high shrink-swell the soil. Indicated in the table are the depth to the potential, soils that have a permanent high water seasonal high water table; the kind of water table, that table, soils that have a claypan or clay layer at or near is, perched, artesian, or apparent; and the months of the surface, and soils that are shallow over nearly the year that the water table commonly is highest. A impervious material. These soils have a very slow water table that is seasonally high for less than 1 rate of water transmission. month is not indicated in the table. Flooding, the temporary covering of the soil An apparent water table is a thick zone of free surface by flowing water, is caused by overflowing water in the soil. It is indicated by the level at which streams, by runoff from adjacent slopes, or by inflow water stands in an uncased borehole after adequate from high tides. Shallow water standing or flowing for time is allowed for adjustment in the surrounding soil. short periods after rainfall or snowmelt is not An artesian water table is under hydrostatic head, considered flooding. Standing water in swamps and generally below an impermeable layer. When this marshes or in a closed depression is considered layer is penetrated, the water level rises in an ponding. uncased borehole. A perched water table is water The table gives the frequency and duration of standing above an unsaturated zone. In places an flooding and the time of year when flooding is most upper, or perched, water table is separated from a likely. lower one by a dry zone. Frequency, duration, and probable dates of Two numbers in the column showing depth to the occurrence are estimated. Frequency generally is water table indicate the normal range in depth to a expressed as none, rare, occasional, or frequent. saturated zone. Depth is given to the nearest half None means that flooding is not probable. Rare foot. The first numeral in the range indicates the means that flooding is unlikely but possible under highest water level. A plus sign preceding the range unusual weather conditions (the chance of flooding is in depth indicates that the water table is above the nearly 0 percent to 5 percent in any year). surface of the soil. “More than 6.0” indicates that the Occasional means that flooding occurs infrequently water table is below a depth of 6 feet or that it is under normal weather conditions (the chance of within a depth of 6 feet for less than a month. flooding is 5 to 50 percent in any year). Frequent Depth to bedrock is given if bedrock is within a means that flooding occurs often under normal depth of 5 feet. The depth is based on many soil weather conditions (the chance of flooding is more borings and on observations during soil mapping. than a 50 percent in any year). Common is used The rock is specified as either soft or hard. If the rock when the occasional and frequent classes are is soft or fractured, excavations can be made with grouped for certain purposes. Duration is expressed trenching machines, backhoes, or small rippers. If the as very brief (less than 2 days), brief (2 to 7 days), rock is hard or massive, blasting or special equipment long (7 days to 1 month), and very long (more than 1 generally is needed for excavation. month). The time of year that floods are most likely to Risk of corrosion pertains to potential soil-induced occur is expressed in months. About two-thirds to electrochemical or chemical action that dissolves or three-fourths of all flooding occurs during the stated weakens uncoated steel or concrete. The rate of period. corrosion of uncoated steel is related to such factors The information on flooding is based on evidence as soil moisture, particle-size distribution, acidity, in the soil profile, namely thin strata of gravel, sand, and electrical conductivity of the soil. The rate of silt, or clay deposited by floodwater; irregular corrosion of concrete is based mainly on the sulfate decrease in organic matter content with increasing and sodium content, texture, moisture content, and depth; and little or no horizon development. acidity of the soil. Special site examination and Also considered is local information about the design may be needed if the combination of factors extent and levels of flooding and the relation of each results in a severe hazard of corrosion. The steel in soil on the landscape to historic floods. Information installations that intersect soil boundaries or soil on the extent of flooding based on soil data is less layers is more susceptible to corrosion than steel in Houston County, Texas 149
installations that are entirely within one kind of soil or Bulk density—of less than 2 mm material, saran- within one soil layer. coated clods field moist (4A1a), 1/3 bar (4A1d), For uncoated steel, the risk of corrosion, ovendry (4A1h). expressed as low, moderate, or high, is based on soil Organic carbon—wet combustion. Walkley-Black drainage class, total acidity, electrical resistivity near modified acid-dichromate, ferric sulfate titration field capacity, and electrical conductivity of the (6A1c). saturation extract. Extractable cations—ammonium acetate pH 7.0, For concrete, the risk of corrosion is also atomic absorption; calcium (6N2e), magnesium expressed as low, moderate, or high. It is based on (6O2d), sodium (6P2d), potassium (6Q2b). soil texture, acidity, and the amount of sulfates in the Cation-exchange capacity—ammonium acetate, pH saturation extract. 7.0, steam distillation (5A8b). Base saturation—sum of cations, TEA, pH 8.2 (5C3). Physical and Chemical Analyses of Reaction (pH)—1:1 water dilution (8C1f). Selected Soils Aluminum saturation (5G1). Exchangeable sodium percentage (5D2). The results of physical analysis of several typical Clay mineralogy (7A2i). pedons in the survey area are given in table 17 and the results of chemical analysis in table 18. The data Engineering Index Test Data are for soils sampled at carefully selected sites. The pedons are typical of the series and are described in Table 19 shows laboratory test data for several the section “Soil Series and Their Morphology.” Soil pedons sampled at carefully selected sites in the samples were analyzed by the National Soil Survey survey area. The pedons are typical of the series and Laboratory, Natural Resources Conservation Service, are described in the section “Soil Series and Their Lincoln, Nebraska; and by the Soil Characterization Morphology.” The soil samples were tested by the Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas Department of Highways and Public Texas. Transportation Soil Laboratory, Austin, Texas. Most determinations, except those for grain-size The testing methods generally are those of the analysis and bulk density, were made on soil material American Association of State Highway and smaller than 2 millimeters in diameter. Measurements Transportation Officials (AASHTO) or the American reported as percent or quantity of unit weight were Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). calculated on an ovendry basis. The methods used in The tests and methods are AASHTO obtaining the data are indicated in the list that follows. classification—M 145 (AASHTO), D 3282 (ASTM); The codes in parentheses refer to published methods Unified classification—D 2487 (ASTM); Mechanical (USDA, 1984). analysis—T 88 (AASHTO), D 422 (ASTM), Sand—(0.05-2.0 mm fraction) weight percentages of D 2217 (ASTM); Liquid limit—T 89 (AASHTO), material less than 2 mm (3A1). D 4318 (ASTM); Plasticity index—T 90 (AASHTO), Silt—(0.002-0.05 mm fraction) pipette extraction, D 4318 (ASTM); Moisture density—T 99 (AASHTO), weight percentages of all material less than 2 mm D 698 (ASTM); Specific gravity—T 100 (AASHTO), (3A1). D 854 (ASTM); California bearing ratio—T 193 Clay—(fraction less than 0.002 mm) pipette (AASHTO), D 1883 (ASTM); and Shrinkage—T 92 extraction, weight percentages of material less than (AASHTO), D 427 (ASTM). 2 mm (3A1). Water retained—pressure extraction, percentage of ovendry weight of less than 2 mm material; 1/3 or 1/10 bar (4B1), 15 bars (4B2).
151
Classification of the Soils
The system of soil classification used by the FAMILY. Families are established within a National Cooperative Soil Survey has six categories subgroup on the basis of physical and chemical (USDA, 1975). Beginning with the broadest, these properties and other characteristics that affect categories are the order, suborder, great group, management. Generally, the properties are those of subgroup, family, and series. Classification is based horizons below plow depth where there is much on soil properties observed in the field or inferred biological activity. Among the properties and from those observations or from laboratory characteristics considered are particle size, mineral measurements. Table 20 shows the classification of content, soil temperature regime, soil depth, and the soils in the survey area. The categories are reaction. A family name consists of the name of a defined in the following paragraphs. subgroup preceded by terms that indicate soil ORDER. Eleven soil orders are recognized. The properties. An example is fine-loamy, siliceous, differences among orders reflect the dominant soil- thermic Typic Hapludalfs. forming processes and the degree of soil formation. SERIES. The series consists of soils within a family Each order is identified by a word ending in sol. An that have horizons similar in color, texture, structure, example is Alfisol. reaction, consistence, mineral and chemical SUBORDER. Each order is divided into suborders composition, and arrangement in the profile. primarily on the basis of properties that influence soil genesis and are important to plant growth or Soil Series and Their Morphology properties that reflect the most important variables within the orders. The last syllable in the name of a In this section, each soil series recognized in the suborder indicates the order. An example is Udalf survey area is described. Characteristics of the soil (Ud, meaning humid, plus alf, from Alfisol). and the material in which it formed are identified for GREAT GROUP. Each suborder is divided into each series. A pedon, a small three-dimensional area great groups on the basis of close similarities in kind, of soil, that is typical of the series in the survey area arrangement, and degree of development of is described. The detailed description of each soil pedogenic horizons; soil moisture and temperature horizon follows standards in the “Soil Survey Manual” regimes; type of saturation; and base status. Each (USDA, 1993). Many of the technical terms used in great group is identified by the name of a suborder the descriptions are defined in “Soil Taxonomy” and by a prefix that indicates a property of the soil. (USDA, 1975) and in “Keys to Soil Taxonomy” (USDA, An example is Hapludalfs (Hapl, meaning minimal 1992). Unless otherwise indicated, colors in the horizonation, plus udalf, the suborder of the Alfisols descriptions are for moist soil. Following the pedon that has a udic moisture regime). description is the range of important characteristics of SUBGROUP. Each great group has a typic the soils in the series. subgroup. Other subgroups are intergrades or The map units of each soil series are described in extragrades. The typic subgroup is the central the section “Detailed Soil Map Units.” concept of the great group; it is not necessarily the most extensive. Intergrades are transitions to other Alazan Series orders, suborders, or great groups. Extragrades have some properties that are not representative of the Depth class: Very deep great group but do not indicate transitions to any Drainage class: Moderately well drained other taxonomic class. Each subgroup is identified by Permeability: Moderate one or more adjectives preceding the name of the Landscape: Coastal plain great group. The adjective Typic identifies the Landform: Stream terraces subgroup that typifies the great group. An example is Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and Typic Hapludalfs. stream deposits 152 Soil Survey
Slope range: 0 to 2 percent clay films; about 5 percent streaks and pockets of Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic albic material (E); slightly acid; gradual wavy Glossudalfs boundary. Bt/E5—71 to 80 inches; variegated yellowish red Typical Pedon (5YR 4/6), light gray (10YR 7/1), and brownish Alazan very fine sandy loam, in an area of Alazan yellow (10YR 6/8) sandy clay loam; weak medium very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in an subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few area of woodland; from Texas Highway 7 at Ratcliff, 1 clay films; about 5 percent streaks and pockets of mile northwest on Farm Road 227, 2.5 miles albic material (E); slightly acid. northeast on county road, 2.9 miles northeast and Range in Characteristics southeast on intersecting county road, 1 mile east on intersecting county road, 100 feet south of road: Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Clay content in the control section: 18 to 25 percent A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very Redoximorphic features: Iron accumulations in fine sandy loam; common brownish yellow (10YR shades of red are in some pedons at more than 8 5/6) root stains; weak fine subangular blocky inches deep structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and Other distinctive soil features: Silt content is 28 to 45 medium roots; strongly acid; clear smooth percent in the particle-size control section boundary. Concentrated minerals: None E—3 to 9 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very fine Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to sandy loam; common medium distinct yellowish moderately acid; upper part of the Bt/E horizon— brown (10YR 5/8) iron accumulations; weak very strongly acid or strongly acid; lower part of medium subangular blocky structure; slightly the Bt/E horizon—very strongly acid to slightly hard, friable; common fine, medium, and coarse acid roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt/E1—9 to 25 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) A horizon: loam; common fine distinct light brownish gray Color—gray, dark gray, dark grayish brown, (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; moderate medium grayish brown, or brown subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; Redoximorphic features—none common medium roots; common fine pores; few Texture—very fine sandy loam patchy clay films; about 10 percent streaks and Other features—none pockets of albic material (E); strongly acid; E horizon: gradual wavy boundary. Color—light gray, light brownish gray, pale brown, Bt/E2—25 to 36 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) or very pale brown sandy clay loam; many medium distinct light Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; shades of brown or yellow moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Texture—very fine sandy loam or loam hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine Other features—none pores; few patchy clay films; about 20 percent Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E streaks and pockets of albic material (E); strongly horizons ranges from 8 to 22 inches acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt/E3—36 to 60 inches; variegated yellowish brown Bt/E horizon: (10YR 5/4), light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), and Color—brown, yellowish brown, strong brown, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam; light brown, light yellowish brown, brownish moderate medium subangular blocky structure; yellow, or reddish yellow (Bt, Bt matrix, E) hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few Redoximorphic features—yellowish red or red patchy clay films; about 20 percent streaks and iron accumulations are in some pedons pockets of albic material (E); slightly acid; clear Texture—loam or sandy clay loam wavy boundary. Other features—streaks and pockets of albic Bt/E4—60 to 71 inches; variegated yellowish red material (E) comprise from 5 to 40 percent with (5YR 5/8), yellowish red (5YR 5/6), brownish at least one layer comprised of at least 15 yellow (10YR 6/8), and light gray (10YR 7/1) percent; in some pedons, 5 to 25 percent of sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular the matrix is brittle (Bt) blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few Houston County, Texas 153
Alto Series (10YR 6/8) and many fine prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak Depth class: Deep very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; Drainage class: Moderately well drained few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; Permeability: Moderately slow common clay films; 10 percent ironstone Landscape: Coastal plain fragments; slightly acid; gradual smooth Landform: Uplands boundary. Parent material: Loamy and clayey residuum from Bt5—40 to 48 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR marine sediments high in weathered glauconitic 4/4) gravelly clay; many medium distinct materials brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and many fine Slope range: 1 to 3 percent prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) redoximorphic Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic concentrations; moderate very fine subangular Hapludalfs blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common clay films; 30 percent Typical Pedon ironstone fragments; slightly acid; gradual Alto fine sandy loam, in an area of Alto fine sandy smooth boundary. loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a pasture; from Texas Bt6—48 to 56 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR Highway 19 in Grapeland, 9.5 miles east on Farm 4/4) very gravelly clay; common medium distinct Road 227, 700 feet south along farm lane, 150 feet brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and prominent dark west of lane: red (2.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; Ap—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; very hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very common clay films; about 50 percent ironstone friable, slightly hard; many fine and few medium fragments; moderately acid; gradual smooth roots; few very fine pores; 5 percent ironstone boundary. fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth C/Bt—56 to 65 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) boundary. clay and weathered glauconitic material with Bt1—4 to 16 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy texture of loam to clay; about 10 percent red clay loam; common fine prominent brownish (2.5YR 4/8) pockets of silty clay (Bt); moderate yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; very fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots in cracks along ped faces; hard, friable; many fine and common medium common distinct clay films; 12 percent ironstone roots; common fine and few medium pores; few fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. patchy clay films; about 8 percent ironstone C—65 to 80 inches; variegated strong brown (7.5YR fragments; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. 4/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), and light olive Bt2—16 to 25 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) brown (2.5Y 5/4) stratified weathered glauconitic sandy clay loam; many medium distinct brownish material with texture of loam; massive; very hard, yellow (10YR 6/8) and prominent dark red (2.5YR firm; few fine roots; 10 percent ironstone 3/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderate very fragments; 7 to 8 percent pseudomorphic fossils; fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few thin discontinuous layers of calcium many fine and common medium roots; common carbonate; neutral. fine and medium pores; common patchy clay films; 10 percent ironstone fragments; slightly Range in Characteristics acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bt3—25 to 32 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches clay loam; many medium prominent dark red Clay content in the control section: 25 to 35 percent (2.5YR 3/6) and distinct brownish yellow (10YR Redoximorphic features: Iron depletions in shades of 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak very fine gray at more than 30 inches deep subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; Other distinctive soil features: Clay content common fine and medium roots; common fine decreases by 20 percent of the maximum at less and medium pores; common clay films; 14 than 60 inches deep percent ironstone fragments; slightly acid; gradual Concentrated minerals: None smooth boundary. Reaction: A or Ap horizon—moderately acid to neutral; Bt4—32 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) upper part of the Bt horizon—strongly acid to clay; many medium distinct brownish yellow slightly acid; lower part of the Bt horizon—strongly 154 Soil Survey
acid to neutral; C horizon—moderately acid to Texas Highway 21 in Austonio, 4.2 miles northwest on neutral, with or without spots that are slightly Farm Road 1280 to Henderson Creek, 0.2 mile north- alkaline northwest on county road, 1.2 miles north on oil field road, 75 feet west of road: A or Ap horizon: Color—dusky red, dark reddish brown, reddish Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) brown, dark reddish gray, very dark grayish loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, brown, dark brown, dark yellowish brown, dark very friable; common fine and medium roots; grayish brown, or brown slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none E—4 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; few fine Texture—fine sandy loam faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic Other features—none concentrations and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; weak fine subangular blocky Bt horizon: structure; slightly hard, very friable; common fine Color—reddish brown, yellowish red, brown, dark and medium roots; moderately acid; clear smooth brown, strong brown, dark yellowish brown, or boundary. yellowish brown Bt—10 to 16 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; few Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic fine prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) relict iron concentrations in shades of brown, red, and depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky yellow are few or common throughout; iron structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few depletions in shades of gray range from few to pressure faces; few patchy clay films; very many below a depth of 30 inches strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam in Btss1—16 to 27 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; the upper part; loam, sandy clay loam, clay many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR loam, gravelly clay loam, gravelly clay, and 6/2) relict iron depletions; moderate medium very gravelly clay in the lower part subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, Other features—fragments of yellowish very firm; few fine roots; few slickensides; weathered glauconitic materials range from common clay films; cracks between a few peds few to many below a depth of 30 inches contain clean sand coating less than 3 C horizon: millimeters thick; strongly acid; gradual wavy Color—strong brown, yellowish brown, light olive boundary. brown, or dark yellowish brown Btss2—27 to 38 inches; variegated gray (10YR 6/1), Redoximorphic features—none dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4), and yellowish Texture—stratified fine sandy loam to clay and brown (10YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium weathered glauconitic material angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very Other features—none firm; few fine roots between ped faces; few slickensides; common clay films; cracks between a few peds contain clean sand coating less than Annona Series 3 millimeters thick; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep Btss3—38 to 52 inches; variegated light brownish Drainage class: Well drained gray (10YR 6/2), brown (10YR 4/3), and brownish Permeability: Very slow yellow (10YR 6/6) clay; moderate medium Landscape: Coastal plain angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very Landform: Stream terraces firm; few fine roots between peds; few Parent material: Clayey, marine, and fluvial sediments slickensides; few clay films; few pitted calcium from Pleistocene age marine, river, and stream carbonate concretions; few iron concretions; deposits neutral; gradual wavy boundary. Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Btss4—52 to 63 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic clay; few streaks of very dark brown material; Paleudalfs moderate medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots between Typical Pedon peds; few slickensides; continuous clay films; few Annona loam, in an area of Annona loam, 1 to 3 pitted calcium carbonate concretions; moderately percent slopes, in a pasture; from the intersection of alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. Houston County, Texas 155
Btss5—63 to 82 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) Attoyac Series clay loam; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/1) relict iron depletions; moderate medium angular Depth class: Very deep blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few Drainage class: Well drained fine roots; few slickensides; few fine pitted Permeability: Moderate calcium carbonate concretions; moderately Landscape: Coastal plain alkaline. Landform: Stream terraces Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and Range in Characteristics stream deposits Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Slope range: 1 to 3 percent Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Redoximorphic features: Relict iron depletions in Paleudalfs shades of gray or brown Typical Pedon Other distinctive soil features: Deep and wide cracks that extend to depths of 20 inches below the Attoyac fine sandy loam, in an area of Attoyac fine surface form during the dry months in most years sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an area of Concentrated minerals: Calcium carbonate hayland; from Texas Highway 7 at Ratcliff, 1 mile concretions northwest on county road, 2.9 miles northeast then Reaction: A or Ap and E horizons—strongly acid to southeast on intersecting county road, 0.15 mile slightly acid; Bt and upper part of the Btss northwest on timber lane, 600 feet north of farm gate: horizon—very strongly acid or strongly acid; Ap—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy lower part of the Btss horizon—moderately acid loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very to moderately alkaline friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; A or Ap horizon: moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Color—brown, dark brown, dark grayish brown, or A—6 to 16 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy grayish brown loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, very Redoximorphic features—none friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; Texture—loam moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Other features—none Bt1—16 to 30 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky E horizon: structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; Color—pale brown or very pale brown common fine pores; common thin clay films; Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. concentrations in shades of brown and iron Bt2—30 to 35 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy depletions in shades of gray clay loam; common medium distinct red (10R 4/8) Texture—loam lithochromic mottles; moderate medium Other features—none subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; Bt and upper part of the Btss horizon: common fine roots; common fine pores; common Color—red, dark red, or yellowish red thin clay films; moderately acid; gradual wavy Redoximorphic features—light gray, light boundary. brownish gray, or pale brown iron depletions Bt3—35 to 43 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy Texture—clay loam or clay clay loam; many medium distinct red (10R 4/8) Other features—none to few slickensides or lithochromic mottles; moderate medium pressure faces subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; common Lower part of the Btss horizon: thin clay films; moderately acid; gradual wavy Color—variegated in shades of brown, gray, red, boundary. and yellow Bt4—43 to 56 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy Redoximorphic features—light gray, light clay loam; common medium distinct red (10R 4/8) brownish gray, or pale brown iron depletions and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) lithochromic Texture—clay loam or clay mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky Other features—Few or common slickensides structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; few thin patchy clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 156 Soil Survey
Bt5—56 to 80 inches; variegated red (10R 4/8) and Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; stream deposits common medium distinct light brownish gray Slope range: 1 to 15 percent (10YR 6/2) lithochromic mottles; hard, friable; few Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic fine roots; few clay films; strongly acid. Hapludalfs Range in Characteristics Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Clay content in the control section: 18 to 25 percent Redoximorphic features: Iron depletions in shades of gray range from none to common at more than 50 inches deep Other distinctive soil features: Rounded ironstone and siliceous pebbles make up 0 to 5 percent of the soil; silt content in the particle-size control section is more than 20 percent Concentrated minerals: None Reaction: Strongly acid or moderately acid throughout A or Ap horizon: Color—reddish brown, yellowish red, brown, strong brown, yellowish brown, or dark brown Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam Other features—none BA horizon (where present): Color—red or dark red Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam Other features—none Upper part of the Bt horizon: Color—yellowish red, red, or dark red Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam Other features—none Lower part of the Bt horizon: Color—red, dark red, yellowish red, or strong brown Redoximorphic features—none Texture—loam or sandy clay loam Other features—skeletans, streaks, or pockets of clean sand range from none to less than 5 percent, by volume
Austonio Series
Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Stream terraces Figure 13.—Profile of Austonio fine sandy loam. Houston County, Texas 157
Typical Pedon 2C—68 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loamy fine sand; few fine distinct brownish Austonio fine sandy loam, in an area of Austonio fine yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes (fig. 13), in a single grained; soft, very friable; few fine roots; pasture; about 6.3 miles southwest of Austonio on moderately acid. Texas Highway 21 to a gate on the south side of 7-J Stock Farm headquarters, 1.7 miles west along farm Range in Characteristics lane, 0.3 mile northwest of lane: Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches Ap—0 to 3 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Clay content in the control section: 18 to 30 percent loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic features: None slightly hard, very friable; many fine and few Other distinctive soil features: Rounded siliceous or medium roots; few fine pores; slightly acid; clear ironstone pebbles range from none to few; clay smooth boundary. content decreases by 20 percent or more from A—3 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; the maximum at 40 to 60 inches deep weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly Concentrated minerals: None hard, very friable; many fine and few medium Reaction: A or Ap horizon—strongly acid to slightly roots; few fine pores; moderately acid; clear acid; E horizon—very strongly acid to slightly smooth boundary. acid; Bt horizon—very strongly acid to moderately E—12 to 19 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) acid; BCt and 2C horizons—very strongly acid to fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky slightly acid structure; slightly hard, very friable; common fine A or Ap horizon: and few medium roots; few fine pores; moderately Color—brown, dark brown, strong brown, acid; clear smooth boundary. yellowish brown, and dark yellowish brown; Bt1—19 to 28 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) dark colored surface layers are less than 7 sandy clay loam; few fine prominent red (2.5YR inches thick 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse Redoximorphic features—none prismatic structure parting to moderate fine Texture—fine sandy loam subangular blocky; very hard, friable; common Other features—none fine and few medium roots; few fine pores; common clay films on surface of prisms; slightly E horizon: acid; gradual smooth boundary. Color—brown, pinkish gray, light brown, grayish Bt2—28 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) brown, yellowish brown, light brownish gray, sandy clay loam; common fine prominent red pale brown, or light yellowish brown (2.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak Redoximorphic features—none coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate Texture—fine sandy loam fine and medium subangular blocky; very hard, Other features—none friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; Upper part of the Bt horizon: common clay films on surface of prisms; slightly Color—brown, strong brown, brownish yellow, acid; gradual smooth boundary. yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, or BCt1—42 to 59 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) reddish yellow fine sandy loam; few fine faint light yellowish Redoximorphic features—none brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation; Texture—loam or sandy clay loam weak coarse prismatic structure parting to Other features—iron accumulations in shades of moderate fine subangular blocky; very hard, red, brown, or yellow range from few to many friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common clay films on surface of prisms; strongly acid; Lower part of the Bt horizon: gradual smooth boundary. Color—strong brown, reddish yellow, dark BCt2—59 to 68 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) yellowish brown, yellowish brown, yellowish fine sandy loam; weak coarse prismatic structure red, or brownish yellow parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very hard, Redoximorphic features—none friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common Texture—loam or sandy clay loam clay films on surface of prisms; few iron- Other features—iron accumulations in shades of manganese concretions and stains; strongly acid; red, brown, or yellow range from few to many; clear smooth boundary. or the matrix is variegated in these colors 158 Soil Survey
BCt horizon: hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few Color—shades of red, yellow, or brown patchy clay films; few albic material coatings on Redoximorphic features—none ped faces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Texture—fine sandy loam or loam boundary. Other features—some pedons have a few streaks Bt/E1—49 to 78 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) or spots of uncoated sand grains sandy clay loam; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak 2C horizon: medium subangular blocky structure; hard, Color—shades of yellow or brown friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common Redoximorphic features—none clay films; about 5 to 10 percent albic material (E) Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy fine sand on vertical ped faces; about 10 percent Other features—some pedons have a few streaks brittleness; very strongly acid; gradual wavy or spots of uncoated sand grains boundary. Bt/E2—78 to 84 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Bernaldo Series sandy clay loam; common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak Depth class: Very deep medium subangular blocky structure; hard, Drainage class: Well drained friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; common Permeability: Moderate clay films; about 5 to 10 percent albic material (E) Landscape: Coastal plain on vertical ped faces; about 10 percent Landform: Stream terraces brittleness; very strongly acid. Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and Range in Characteristics stream deposits Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Clay content in the control section: 18 to 30 percent Glossic Paleudalfs Redoximorphic features: Iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less at more than 30 inches deep Typical Pedon Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the Bernaldo fine sandy loam, in an area of Bernaldo fine particle-size control section is about 20 to 45 sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an area of percent woodland; from Loop 304 in Crockett, about 23 miles Concentrated minerals: None east of Crockett on Texas Highway 21 to the Reaction: A, E, and EB or BE (where present) intersection of U.S. Forest Service Road 511, 2 miles horizons—strongly acid to slightly acid; Bt and Bt/ south of Texas Highway 21 on U.S. Forest Service E horizons—very strongly acid to slightly acid Road 511, 100 feet east of road: A horizon: A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Color—dark brown, very dark grayish brown, dark fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; grayish brown, grayish brown, or brown soft, very friable; common fine roots; moderately Redoximorphic features—none acid; clear smooth boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam E—5 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Other features—none fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky E horizon: structure; soft, very friable; common fine roots; Color—brown, grayish brown, light brownish gray, moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. pale brown, or very pale brown Bt1—15 to 30 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Redoximorphic features—none sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; or loam common fine pores; few patchy clay films; few Other features—none albic material coatings on ped faces; few iron- manganese concretions; moderately acid; EB or BE horizon (where present): gradual wavy boundary. Color—pale brown, very pale brown, yellowish Bt2—30 to 49 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) brown, or brown sandy clay loam; many coarse prominent dark Redoximorphic features—none red (10R 3/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Houston County, Texas 159
Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, fine and medium roots; moderately acid; gradual or loam wavy boundary. Other features—none E—10 to 18 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; Bt horizon: slightly hard, very friable; common medium and Color—reddish brown, light reddish brown, strong coarse roots; slightly acid; gradual wavy brown, brownish yellow, or yellow boundary. Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic Bt—18 to 30 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine concentrations in shades of brown and red are sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky in most pedons and range from few to many; structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less are medium roots; few thin clay films; few peds below a depth of 30 inches coated with albic material; strongly acid; clear Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam wavy boundary. Other features—none Bt/E1—30 to 38 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Bt/E horizon: loam; common medium distinct yellowish red Color—reddish brown, light reddish brown, strong (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; weak brown, brownish yellow, or yellow (Bt); shades medium subangular blocky structure; slightly of gray, brown, or light brown (E) hard, friable; few fine roots; few thin clay films; Redoximorphic features—few to many iron about 10 percent streaks and pockets of albic depletions in shades of gray and material (E); about 10 percent brittleness; redoximorphic concentrations in shades of strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. brown or red; or the matrix is variegated in Bt/E2—38 to 49 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) these colors loam; weak moderate subangular blocky Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few loam thin clay films; about 10 percent streaks and Other features—vertical streaks, pockets, or pockets of albic material (E); slightly acid; gradual coatings on the surface of peds make up 5 to wavy boundary. 15 percent (E); in some pedons, up to 15 Bt/E3—49 to 65 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) percent of the mass is brittle loam; weak moderate subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few thin clay films; about 10 percent streaks and Besner Series pockets of albic material (E); slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep Bt/E4—65 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Drainage class: Well drained fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky Permeability: Moderate structure; loose, very friable; few fine roots; few Landscape: Coastal plain thin clay films; about 5 percent streaks and Landform: Stream terraces pockets of albic material (E); slightly acid. Parent material: Loamy, wind-reworked alluvium from river and stream deposits Range in Characteristics Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Clay content in the control section: 14 to 18 percent Typic Glossudalfs Redoximorphic features: Yellowish red or red masses Typical Pedon of iron accumulation in the lower part of the solum Besner fine sandy loam, in an area of Besner fine Other distinctive soil features: None sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in an area of Concentrated minerals: None woodland; from Loop 304 in Crockett, about 23 miles Reaction: Very strongly acid to slightly acid east on Texas Highway 21, about 7 miles south on throughout U.S. Forest Service Road 511, 2.5 miles northeast on U.S. Forest Service Road 517, 100 feet south of road: A horizon: Color—brown or dark grayish brown A—0 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; Redoximorphic features—none weak fine granular structure; soft, loose; many Texture—fine sandy loam Other features—none 160 Soil Survey
E horizon: medium and few coarse roots; moderately acid; Color—pale brown, grayish brown, light brownish gradual smooth boundary. gray, light gray, very pale brown, brown, or light B/E—40 to 49 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) yellowish brown loamy fine sand; single grained; loose; common Redoximorphic features—none medium roots; common streaks and pockets of Texture—fine sandy loam clean sand (E); moderately acid; gradual smooth Other features—none boundary. E and Bt1—49 to 61 inches; very pale brown (10YR Bt horizon: 7/4) loamy fine sand that contains light brown Color—strong brown, brownish yellow, or 1 (7.5YR 6/4) lamellae of fine sandy loam (Bt) /4 to yellowish brown 3 /4 inch thick; single grained; loose; lamellae are Redoximorphic features—none massive; soft, very friable; common fine roots; Texture—fine sandy loam or loam lamellae have coated sand grains and some clay Other features—none bridging; moderately acid; gradual wavy Bt/E horizon: boundary. Color—strong brown, reddish yellow, yellowish E and Bt2—61 to 83 inches; very pale brown (10YR brown, light yellowish brown, dark brown, dark 7/3) loamy fine sand that contains strong brown yellowish brown, brown, or brownish yellow (7.5YR 5/6) lamellae of fine sandy loam material 1 (Bt); shades of gray, brown, or light brown (E) (Bt) less than /4 inch thick; single grained; loose; Redoximorphic features—yellowish red or red lamellae massive; soft, very friable; common fine masses of iron accumulation roots; lamellae have coated sand grains and Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay some clay bridging; moderately acid. loam Range in Characteristics Other features—streaks and pockets of albic material (E) make up 5 to 35 percent; one layer Solum thickness: More than 80 inches at least 20 inches thick with 15 percent or Clay content in the control section: 2 to 10 percent more albic material; about 5 to 10 percent Redoximorphic features: None brittle bodies Other distinctive soil features: Dry in some parts of Thickness—more than 20 inches the moisture control section for 75 to 90 cumulative days in most years Concentrated minerals: None Betis Series Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid throughout Depth class: Very deep A or Ap horizon: Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Color—dark grayish brown, grayish brown, Permeability: Rapid brown, or dark yellowish brown Landscape: Coastal plain Redoximorphic features—none Landform: Uplands Texture—loamy fine sand Parent material: Sandy marine sediments Other features—none Slope range: 1 to 5 percent Taxonomic class: Sandy, siliceous, thermic E horizon: Psammentic Paleudults Color—grayish brown, brown, or yellowish brown Redoximorphic features—none Typical Pedon Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand Betis loamy fine sand, in an area of Betis loamy fine Other features—none sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes, in a pasture; from B/E horizon and Bw horizon (where present): Grapeland, 2 miles west on Farm Road 227, 0.5 mile Color—Strong brown, yellowish brown, and south of road: yellowish red Ap—0 to 10 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Redoximorphic features—none loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand soft, very friable; many medium and coarse roots; Other features—randomly distributed streaks and strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. pockets of clean sand are few or common E—10 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy fine sand; single grained; loose; many Houston County, Texas 161
E and Bt horizon: hard, friable; common fine and medium roots; few Color—brown, pale brown, very pale brown, light pores; few thin clay films; strongly acid; clear yellowish brown, or yellowish brown (E); wavy boundary. yellowish red, strong brown, or yellowish Bt2—29 to 38 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) brown (Bt) sandy clay loam; few fine distinct red (2.5YR 5/6) Redoximorphic features—none and faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand (E); loamy concentrations; moderate medium subangular fine sand or fine sandy loam (Bt) blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine and Other features—lamellae with a composite medium roots; few fine pores; few thin clay films; thickness more than 6 inches within a depth of 3 percent ironstone; 2 percent iron-manganese 80 inches (E); some pedons have a continuous concretions; strongly acid; gradual wavy loamy fine sand Bt horizon as opposed to boundary. lamellae Btv1—38 to 52 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; common medium distinct red Bt horizon (where present): (2.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations and Color—yellowish red, strong brown, or yellowish distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron brown depletions; weak medium subangular blocky Redoximorphic features—none structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; Texture—loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam common fine pores; red redoximorphic Other features—none concentrations or plinthite makes up about 10 percent of mass; about 5 percent brittle bodies; Bowie Series few clay films; 5 percent ironstone; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Very deep Btv2—52 to 72 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 5/8) Drainage class: Well drained sandy clay loam; many medium prominent red Permeability: Moderately slow (2.5YR 4/8) and common yellowish red (5YR 5/6) Landscape: Coastal plain redoximorphic concentrations; few fine distinct Landform: Uplands light gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; moderate Parent material: Loamy marine sediments medium subangular blocky structure; hard, Slope range: 1 to 3 percent friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic plinthite makes up about 10 to 15 percent of Plinthic Paleudults mass; 5 percent brittle bodies; few clay films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Typical Pedon BC—72 to 93 inches; variegated brownish yellow Bowie fine sandy loam, in an area of Bowie fine (10YR 6/8), dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4), and sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an area of light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay loam; moderate woodland; from Crockett Loop 304, 16 miles medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, northwest on Texas Highway 21, 1.5 miles east on firm; few fine roots; common fine pores; plinthite U.S. Forest Service Road 524, 0.9 mile east on U.S. makes up about 5 percent of mass; 2 to 3 Forest Service Road 526, 3 miles southeast on percent ironstone pebbles; about 15 percent logging road, 300 feet south of road: brittle masses; about 10 percent albic material (E); few clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy A—0 to 6 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; boundary. weak fine and medium granular structure; loose, very friable; many fine and medium roots; Range in Characteristics moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. E—6 to 13 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine Solum thickness: More than 80 inches sandy loam; weak medium and coarse Clay content in the control section: 18 to 30 percent subangular blocky structure; loose, very friable; Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic common fine and medium roots; moderately acid; concentrations in shades of red or yellow; iron or clear smooth boundary. clay depletions in shades of gray at 25 to 60 Bt1—13 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) inches deep sandy clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish red Other distinctive soil features: Dry in some parts of (5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; the moisture control section for 75 to 90 days in moderate medium subangular blocky structure; most years; silt plus very fine sand content in the 162 Soil Survey
particle-size control section ranges from 30 to 60 or yellow; or the matrix is variegated in these percent colors Concentrated minerals: Layers with 5 percent or more Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or plinthite segregations, by volume, are at 25 to 60 clay loam inches deep Other features—grayish streaks and pockets of Reaction: A, E, and EB (where present) horizons— albic material make up 0 to 4 percent, by very strongly acid to slightly acid, unless limed; volume; plinthite, mainly in nodular form, Bt, Btv, and BC horizons—very strongly acid or makes up 5 to about 15 percent, by volume strongly acid BC horizon: A horizon: Color—brown, strong brown, light brown, reddish Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish yellow, brownish yellow, yellowish brown, or brown, grayish brown, dark brown, brown, dark light yellowish brown yellowish brown, or yellowish brown; dark Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic colored surface layers are less than 7 inches concentrations in shades of yellow or red; or thick the matrix is variegated or stratified in these Redoximorphic features—none colors Texture—fine sandy loam Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy Other features—none clay; some pedons have strata of fine sandy loam or clay E horizon: Other features—some pedons have 5 to 20 Color—dark brown, brown, pale brown, dark percent, by volume, lenses or interfingers of yellowish brown, yellowish brown, light brown, uncoated sand grains; plinthite ranges from or light yellowish brown none to 4 percent, by volume Redoximorphic features—none Texture—very fine sandy loam or fine sandy loam Bub Series Other features—none Depth class: Shallow EB horizon (where present): Drainage class: Well drained Color—brownish yellow, yellowish brown, or Permeability: Very slow strong brown Landscape: Coastal plain Redoximorphic features—none Landform: Uplands Texture—very fine sandy loam or fine sandy Parent material: Clayey residuum from weathered loam glauconite and glauconitic marl Other features—none Slope range: 15 to 40 percent Bt horizon: Taxonomic class: Clayey, mixed, thermic, shallow Color—dark brown, brown, light brown, dark Typic Hapludalfs yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, Typical Pedon yellowish brown, brownish yellow, strong brown, or reddish yellow Bub fine sandy loam, in an area of Trawick-Bub Redoximorphic features—reddish, brownish, or complex, 15 to 40 percent slopes, in an area of yellowish redoximorphic concentrations range woodland; from Crockett Loop 304 and Texas from none to many Highway 21, about 22 miles east on Texas Highway Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, 21 to county road in Weches, 0.4 mile north on or clay loam county road, 500 feet west on adjoining county road, Other features—none 150 feet south of road: Btv horizon: A—0 to 6 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) fine Color—brown, strong brown, light brown, reddish sandy loam; moderate fine granular structure; yellow, yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, hard, friable; common very fine and fine roots; or brownish yellow about 3 percent ironstone pebble fragments; Redoximorphic features—few to many iron or slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. clay depletions in shades of gray and Bt1—6 to 10 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) lithochromic mottles; moderate fine subangular Houston County, Texas 163
blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common Chireno Series fine roots; few clay films; about 2 to 5 percent ironstone fragments; slightly acid; clear wavy Depth class: Very deep boundary. Drainage class: Moderately well drained Bt2—10 to 15 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; Permeability: Moderately slow many medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) Landscape: Coastal plain lithochromic mottles; moderate medium Landform: Terraces subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Parent material: Loamy, Pleistocene age alluvial and common fine roots; common clay films; about 5 to colluvial glauconitic sediments 15 percent ironstone fragments; strongly acid; Slope range: 0 to 1 percent gradual wavy boundary. Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Bt3—15 to 19 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay; Argiudolls common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) Typical Pedon lithochromic mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Chireno loam, in an area of Chireno loam, 0 to 1 few ironstone fragments; few fine roots; few clay percent slopes (fig. 14), in a pasture; from the films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. intersection of Texas Highway 19 and Farm Road 227 Cr—19 to 50 inches; alternate layers of yellowish red in Grapeland, 4 miles east on Farm Road 227, 0.7 (5YR 5/8), strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and light mile south on private field road, 600 feet east of road: gray (10YR 7/2) weathered glauconite and Ap—0 to 12 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, glauconitic marl; massive; very hard, very firm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderately acid. moderate medium subangular blocky structure Range in Characteristics parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable; many fine and medium roots; few tubular Solum thickness: 12 to 20 inches pores; few medium worm casts; slightly acid; Clay content in the control section: 40 to 55 percent gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features: None Bt1—12 to 20 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay Other distinctive soil features: Content of ironstone loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; fragments ranges from 2 to 35 percent in the common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR subsoil 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderate Concentrated minerals: None medium subangular blocky structure parting to Reaction: A horizon—moderately acid or slightly acid; moderate fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, Bt horizon—very strongly acid to slightly acid; Cr friable; many fine and common medium roots; horizon—moderately acid to moderately alkaline many fine discontinuous tubular pores; few clay A horizon: films in pores; few fine iron-manganese Color—dark reddish brown or dark brown concretions; few medium worm casts; neutral; Redoximorphic features—none gradual wavy boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam Bt2—20 to 25 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Other features—none 3/2) clay; common coarse faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) masses of iron accumulation; Bt horizon: moderate medium subangular blocky structure Color—red, reddish brown, or yellowish red to parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; hard, strong brown firm; common fine and few medium roots; Redoximorphic features—none common fine discontinuous tubular pores; few Texture—clay or gravelly clay clay films in pores; few fine very dark gray spots; Other features—pebbles and ironstone fragment common very fine and fine iron-manganese content range from 10 to 35 percent concretions; few medium worm casts; neutral; Cr horizon: gradual wavy boundary. Color—yellow, red, brown, or gray Bt3—25 to 41 inches; distinctly mixed with 40 percent Redoximorphic features—none very dark gray (10YR 3/1), 30 percent yellowish Texture—partially weathered glauconite and marl brown (10YR 5/4), and 30 percent dark yellowish Other features—none brown (10YR 4/6) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; hard, firm; common fine roots; 164 Soil Survey
common fine discontinuous tubular pores; few Texture—clay loam or clay clay films in pores; few thin discontinuous very Other features—none dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on surface of Middle part of the Bt horizon: prisms; few medium masses of iron-manganese Color—strong brown, dark grayish brown, very in lower part of horizon; neutral; gradual wavy dark grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, boundary. dark yellowish brown, light olive brown, olive Bt4—41 to 60 inches; 60 percent dark yellowish brown, or very dark gray with a mixture of low brown (10YR 4/6), 30 percent very dark gray and high value and chroma colors (10YR 3/1), and 10 percent reddish brown (2.5YR Redoximorphic features—none 4/4) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic Texture—clay loam or clay structure parting to moderate medium angular Other features—none blocky; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine discontinuous tubular pores; few clay films in Lower part of the Bt horizon: pores; few thin discontinuous distinct very dark Color—strong brown, dark grayish brown, very gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on surface of dark grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, prisms; common medium masses of iron- dark yellowish brown, light olive brown, olive manganese; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. brown, or very dark gray with dominantly high Bt5—60 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR value and chroma colors 4/6) sandy clay loam; few fine distinct olive brown Redoximorphic features—masses of iron- (2.5Y 4/4) masses; moderate coarse prismatic manganese indicative of significant durations structure parting to moderate medium angular of saturation blocky; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam discontinuous tubular pores; few clay films in Other features—none pores; few thin discontinuous distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on surface of prisms; common medium masses of iron- Cuthbert Series manganese; neutral. Depth class: Moderately deep Range in Characteristics Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderately slow Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Landscape: Coastal plain Clay content in the control section: 35 to 42 percent Landform: Uplands Redoximorphic features: Few or common iron- Parent material: Clayey residuum from stratified manganese concretions and masses are in most sandstone and shale pedons at more than 40 inches deep Slope range: 5 to 35 percent Other distinctive soil features: Mollic epipedon that is Taxonomic class: Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic 20 to 40 inches thick Hapludults Concentrated minerals: None Reaction: A or Ap horizon—moderately acid to Typical Pedon neutral; Bt horizon—slightly acid to slightly Cuthbert fine sandy loam, in an area of Cuthbert fine alkaline sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes, in an area of A or Ap horizon: woodland; from Texas Highway 7 in Ratcliff, 8.8 miles Color—black, very dark brown, dark brown, very north on Farm Road 227, 2 miles east on U.S. Forest dark grayish brown, or very dark gray Service Road 526, 2.45 miles southeast on U.S. Redoximorphic features—none Forest Service Road 518, 250 feet southwest of road: Texture—loam A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Other features—none fine sandy loam; moderate fine granular structure; Upper part of the Bt horizon: soft, very friable; common fine and medium roots; Color—strong brown, dark grayish brown, very few ironstone pebbles; strongly acid; clear wavy dark grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, boundary. dark yellowish brown, light olive brown, olive E—4 to 9 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine brown, or very dark gray sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, Redoximorphic features—none very friable; common fine roots; few ironstone pebbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Houston County, Texas 165
Figure 14.—Profile of Chireno loam. Figure 15.—Profile of Darco loamy fine sand. 166 Soil Survey
Bt1—9 to 16 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; moderate acid to strongly acid; C horizon—extremely acid medium subangular blocky structure; firm, hard; or very strongly acid few fine roots; common clay films; very strongly A horizon: acid; gradual smooth boundary. Color—dark brown, brown, dark grayish brown, Bt2—16 to 23 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; few fine very dark grayish brown, or grayish brown distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) lithochromic Redoximorphic features—none mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky Texture—fine sandy loam structure; firm, hard; few fine roots; common clay Other features—rock fragments less than 3 films; few fragments of light gray (10YR 7/1) inches in diameter range from less than 2 shale; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. percent to about 35 percent Bt3—23 to 28 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) E horizon: lithochromic mottles; moderate medium Color—brown, light brown, pale brown, yellowish subangular blocky structure; firm, hard; few fine brown, or light yellowish brown roots; common clay films; few fragments of light Redoximorphic features—none gray (10YR 7/1) shale; very strongly acid; gradual Texture—fine sandy loam wavy boundary. Other features—rock fragments less than 3 BCt—28 to 35 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay, common inches in diameter range from less than 2 medium distinct light gray (10YR 6/1) shale, and percent to about 35 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandstone; weak Bt horizon: medium subangular blocky structure; firm, hard; Color—dark reddish brown, reddish brown, dark few fine roots; few clay films; very strongly acid; red, red, or yellowish red gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none C1—35 to 48 inches; partially weathered horizontal Texture—sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay layers of light gray (10YR 6/1) shale with texture Other features—grayish or brownish horizontally of clay loam and red (2.5YR 4/6) and strong oriented weathered shale fragments or strata brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandstone with texture of fine are in the lower part of many pedons; coarse sandy loam to sandy clay loam; weak coarse fragments range up to 15 percent angular blocky structure; friable, hard; peds are coated with thick red continuous clay films; BCt horizon: common fine flakes of mica; extremely acid; Color—stratified or variegated in shades of red, gradual wavy boundary. brown, yellow, and gray C2—48 to 62 inches; stratified red (2.5YR 4/8) and Redoximorphic features—none strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) sandstone with texture Texture—fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or of sandy clay loam and light gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam with or without weathered sandstone 1 shale with texture of clay loam; strata are /4 inch and shale fragments to 4 inches thick; the sandy material is weakly Other features—some pedons have only a few cemented but can be easily cut with a spade; visible parent material fragments; coarse common fine flakes of mica mainly on surfaces of fragments range up to 15 percent shale strata; extremely acid; gradual wavy C horizon: boundary. Color—shades of red, yellow, or brown with shale strata in shades of gray Range in Characteristics Redoximorphic features—none Solum thickness: 20 to 40 inches Texture—stratified weakly consolidated fine Clay content in the control section: 35 to 60 percent sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, and Redoximorphic features: None weakly cemented sandstone and shale Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the Other features—amount of sandstone or shale control section is less than 30 percent; ironstone strata is variable and may be absent in some and sandstone fragments on or partially pedons; roots penetrate these materials but imbedded in the A horizon cover less than 1 are concentrated along fractures or cleavage percent to about 20 percent of the surface planes; coarse fragments range up to 15 Concentrated minerals: None percent Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid or strongly acid; Bt and BCt horizons—extremely Houston County, Texas 167
Darco Series Concentrated minerals: 0 to 5 percent plinthite segregations at more than 40 inches deep Depth class: Very deep Reaction: A or Ap and E horizons—very strongly acid Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained to slightly acid; Bt horizon—very strongly acid or Permeability: Moderate strongly acid Landscape: Coastal plain A or Ap horizon: Landform: Uplands Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments brown, dark brown, or brown Slope range: 1 to 15 percent Redoximorphic features—none Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, thermic Texture—loamy fine sand Grossarenic Paleudults Other features—none Typical Pedon E horizon: Darco loamy fine sand, in an area of Darco loamy Color—brown, pale brown, light yellowish brown, fine sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes (fig. 15), in a or yellowish brown cemetery border area; northwest of Grapeland, 1.9 Redoximorphic features—none miles west on Farm Road 1272, 0.6 mile north along Texture—loamy fine sand Parker Cemetery Road, 50 feet east of road: Other features—none Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E Ap—0 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine horizons ranges from 40 to 72 inches sand; single grained; loose; many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth Bt horizon: boundary. Color—red, strong brown, dark yellowish brown, E1—12 to 26 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) yellowish red, strong brown, or yellowish loamy fine sand; single grained; loose; common brown fine roots; moderately acid; gradual smooth Redoximorphic features—none boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam E2—26 to 47 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy Other features—plinthite ranges from 0 to 5 fine sand; few fine faint light yellowish brown percent (10YR 6/4) stains; single grained; loose; few fine roots; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Bt1—47 to 54 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Derly Series sandy clay loam; common medium prominent Depth class: Very deep dark red (2.5YR 3/6) masses of iron Drainage class: Poorly drained accumulation; weak medium subangular blocky Permeability: Very slow structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; common Landscape: Coastal plain clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Landform: Stream terraces Bt2—54 to 68 inches; variegated red (2.5YR 4/6), Parent material: Loamy and clayey alluvium from river strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), and light brownish gray and stream deposits (10YR 6/2) sandy clay loam; moderate medium Slope range: 0 to 1 percent subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic roots; common clay films; strongly acid; gradual Glossaqualfs wavy boundary. Bt3—68 to 82 inches; variegated red (2.5YR 4/6), Typical Pedon strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and light gray (10YR Derly loam, in an area of Freestone-Derly complex, 7/2) sandy clay loam; weak fine subangular 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a pasture; 6 miles west of blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few Porter Springs on Farm Road 232, 100 feet west of clay films; strongly acid. road curve: Range in Characteristics Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Solum thickness: More than 80 inches loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Clay content in the control section: 12 to 35 percent slightly hard, friable; common fine and medium Redoximorphic features: None roots; common yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) root Other distinctive soil features: None stains; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. Eg—4 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) 168 Soil Survey
loam; common fine distinct brownish yellow yellowish or reddish iron stains are along root (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak channels and pores during wet periods medium subangular blocky structure; hard, Texture—loam friable; common fine and medium roots; very Other features—none strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. Btg/E—12 to 23 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay Eg horizon: loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Color—grayish brown, light brownish gray, or light structure; extremely hard, very firm; common fine gray roots; few pressure faces; few clay films; about 15 Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in percent albic material (E) in the upper part and 5 shades of gray and redoximorphic percent in the lower part; very strongly acid; concentrations in shades of brown or yellow gradual wavy boundary. are few or common; yellowish or reddish iron Btg1—23 to 40 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; stains are along root channels and pores common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) during wet periods redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium Texture—loam subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very Other features—none firm; few fine roots; common pressure faces; few Btg/E horizon: clay films; few streaks of albic material (E); very Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, gray, strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. grayish brown, light brownish gray, or light gray Btg2—40 to 64 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; few Redoximorphic features—reddish, brownish, or fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) yellowish redoximorphic concentrations and/or redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium iron stains along root channels are few or subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very common in most pedons firm; few fine roots; common pressure faces; few Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay slickensides; few streaks of albic material (E) in Other features—albic material (E) in the form of cracks; few black concretions; moderately acid; streaks, pockets, and interfingers make up 5 to gradual wavy boundary. 35 percent of the horizon; in some parts of the Btg3—64 to 80 inches; variegated light gray (10YR pedon, the horizon has 15 percent or more 7/1), dark gray (10YR 4/1), and brownish yellow albic material in a layer at least 2 inches thick (10YR 6/8) clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine Btg horizon: roots; common pressure faces; few slickensides; Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, gray, light few black concretions; slightly acid. gray, light brownish gray, or grayish brown Redoximorphic features—few or common iron Range in Characteristics depletions in shades of gray and Solum thickness: More than 80 inches redoximorphic concentrations or stains in Clay content in the control section: 35 to 45 percent shades of brown, red, or yellow along root Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with channels; or the horizon is variegated in these redoximorphic concentrations or iron stains colors throughout Texture—clay or clay loam in the upper part; clay, Other distinctive soil features: Glossic horizon silty clay loam, clay loam, or loam in the lower Concentrated minerals: None part Reaction: A or Ap and E horizons—very strongly acid Other features—some pedons contain a few to slightly acid; Btg/E and upper part of the Btg calcium carbonate concretions in the lower horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; part, which typically are hard and pitted; lower part of the Btg horizon—strongly acid to pressure faces and slickensides range from neutral none to few A or Ap horizon: BC horizon (where present): Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish Color—dark grayish brown, light brownish gray, or brown, dark brown, brown, or grayish brown; grayish brown horizons with very dark grayish brown or dark Redoximorphic features—few or common iron brown colors are less than 7 inches thick depletions in shades of gray and Redoximorphic features—grayish or brownish redoximorphic concentrations or stains in iron depletions range from none to common; shades of brown, red, or yellow along root Houston County, Texas 169
channels; or the horizon is variegated in these colors Texture—clay loam, silty clay loam, or loam Other features—some pedons contain a few calcium carbonate concretions in the lower part, which typically are hard and pitted
Eastham Series
Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Permeability: Very slow Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Stream terraces Parent material: Clayey alluvium from alkaline river and stream deposits Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapluderts Typical Pedon Eastham clay, in an area of Eastham clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes (fig. 16), in a pasture; from the intersection of Loop 304 and Texas Highway 21 on the west side of Crockett, about 18 miles southwest on Texas Highway 21 to the intersection of Farm Road 2498, 0.35 mile east on private road, 0.15 mile north of road: Ap—0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; moderate fine and medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; many fine and medium roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; few siliceous pebbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. A—4 to 17 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; few medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; many fine and medium roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; few stains of prominent dark yellowish brown iron-manganese; few pressure faces; few siliceous pebbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bss1—17 to 27 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) clay; few medium distinct brown (10YR 5/3) relict redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium and coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; few stains of prominent brown and dark brown iron-manganese; many slickensides; few siliceous pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bss2—27 to 40 inches; black (5Y 2.5/1) clay; moderate Figure 16.—Profile of Eastham clay. 170 Soil Survey
medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very wide extend from the surface to more than 40 firm; common fine roots; few fine vesicular and inches deep and remain open for 60 to 90 tubular pores; many slickensides that are tilted 45 cumulative days in most years; slickensides begin to 50 degrees from horizontal; few siliceous at 12 to 22 inches deep pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. Concentrated minerals: Concretions, soft masses, or Bkss1—40 to 46 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; threads of calcium carbonate and gypsum many medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) crystals are in the subsoil relict redoximorphic concentrations; moderate Reaction: Upper part of the A horizon—moderately medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very acid to slightly alkaline; lower part of the A and firm; common fine roots throughout; few fine Bss horizons—slightly acid to moderately vesicular and tubular pores; many slickensides; alkaline; Bkss and BC horizons—neutral to common fine masses and threads of calcium moderately alkaline; BC horizon is slightly carbonate; weakly effervescent; slightly alkaline; effervescent to noneffervescent in dilute HCl clear wavy boundary. A or Ap horizon: Bkss2—46 to 57 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y Color—black or very dark gray 4/2) clay; common fine and medium faint grayish Redoximorphic features—none brown (2.5Y 5/2) relict iron depletions and Texture—clay common fine distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) relict Other features—none redoximorphic concentrations; moderate coarse Thickness—ranges from 6 inches on micro-knolls angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few to 22 inches in the depressions; average fine roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; thickness in more than half of the pedon is 12 common slickensides; common fine concretions inches and masses and few fine threads of calcium carbonate; weakly effervescent; slightly alkaline; Bss horizon: gradual wavy boundary. Color—very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, BCkss—57 to 70 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay; dark grayish brown, dark gray, grayish brown, many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR gray, light gray, light brownish gray, dark olive 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) relict gray, olive gray, or light olive gray redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium Redoximorphic features—none angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few Texture—clay fine roots; few fine vesicular and tubular pores; Other features—none many slickensides; common fine masses, Bkss horizon: concretions, and threads of calcium carbonate; Color—very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual dark grayish brown, dark gray, grayish brown, wavy boundary. gray, light gray, light brownish gray, dark olive BCss—70 to 88 inches; light brownish gray (10YR gray, olive gray, or light olive gray 6/2) silty clay; many medium prominent brownish Redoximorphic features—relict redoximorphic yellow (10YR 6/8) and few fine distinct dark concentrations in shades brown, yellow, or yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) relict redoximorphic olive range from none to common concentrations; weak medium angular blocky Texture—clay structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine Other features—few or common concretions, vesicular and tubular pores; many slickensides; masses, and threads of calcium carbonate few fine concretions and masses of calcium carbonate; few pitted nodules of calcium BC horizon: carbonate; slightly alkaline. Color—dark gray, gray, light gray, dark grayish brown, grayish brown, light brownish gray, olive Range in Characteristics gray, light olive gray, dark brown, brown, dark Solum thickness: More than 80 inches yellowish brown, yellowish brown, light Clay content in the control section: 45 to 60 percent yellowish brown, olive yellow, olive, pale olive, Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic or light olive brown concentrations in shades brown, yellow, or olive Redoximorphic features—relict redoximorphic Other distinctive soil features: Gilgai microrelief with concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or micro-knolls about 6 to 10 inches higher than olive range from few to many; or the horizon is depressions; when dry, cracks 1 inch to 3 inches variegated in these colors Houston County, Texas 171
Texture—clay or silty clay moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Other features—few or common concretions, hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few clay masses, and threads of calcium carbonate; films; moderately acid. gypsum crystals range from none to few Range in Characteristics Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Elrose Series Clay content in the control section: 25 to 35 percent Redoximorphic features: None Depth class: Very deep Other distinctive soil features: Iron accumulations in Drainage class: Well drained shades of red, yellow, or brown Permeability: Moderate Concentrated minerals: None Landscape: Coastal plain Reaction: A or Ap, E, and EB (where present) Landform: Uplands horizons—extremely acid to slightly; Bt Parent material: Marine sediments high in glauconite horizon—very strongly acid to slightly acid Slope range: 1 to 3 percent Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic A or Ap horizon: Paleudalfs Color—dark brown, strong brown, brown, dark grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, grayish Typical Pedon brown, yellowish brown, red, reddish brown, Elrose fine sandy loam, in an area of Elrose fine dark reddish gray, yellowish red, or reddish sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a pasture; gray about 7 miles west of Grapeland on Farm Road 227, Redoximorphic features—none from the intersection of Farm Road 227 and Farm Texture—fine sandy loam Road 2544, about 2.2 miles west along Farm Other features—ironstone pebbles range from 0 Road 2544, 0.8 mile west along dirt road, 200 feet to 15 percent, by volume south of road: E horizon and EB horizon (where present): Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy Color—dark brown, dark yellowish brown, brown, loam; weak fine granular structure; loose, friable; yellowish brown, pale brown, light yellowish many fine and few coarse roots; common fine brown, or light brown pores; extremely acid; clear smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—none E—5 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) fine sandy Texture—fine sandy loam loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; Other features—ironstone pebbles range from 0 slightly hard, friable; common fine and medium to 15 percent, by volume roots; common fine pores; very strongly acid; Upper part of the Bt horizon: clear smooth boundary. Color—dusky red, weak red, dark red, red, dark Bt1—12 to 20 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy reddish brown, reddish brown, strong brown, clay loam; very few fine distinct yellowish red or yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderate Redoximorphic features—none medium subangular blocky structure; hard, Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam friable; common fine and few medium roots; Other features—ironstone pebbles range up to 10 common fine pores; common clay films; percent, by volume moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bt2—20 to 42 inches; dark red (10R 3/6) clay; Lower part of the Bt horizon: moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Color—dusky red, red, light red, dark red, hard, firm; common fine and few medium roots; yellowish red, or reddish yellow common fine pores; few clay films; strongly acid; Redoximorphic features—none gradual smooth boundary. Texture—clay loam, sandy clay, and clay; clay Bt3—42 to 64 inches; red (10R 4/6) clay; moderate content ranges from 30 to 55 percent and is medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; greater than 35 percent in some parts; some few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; few pedons have sandy clay loam, fine sandy clay films; strongly acid; clear irregular boundary. loam, or loam textures below a depth of 60 Bt4—64 to 80 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy inches clay; few medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; 172 Soil Survey
Other features—weathered glauconitic materials (10YR 6/8) relict redoximorphic concentrations; in spots or fragments range from none to weak medium subangular blocky structure; very common; some pedons have a few streaks of hard, very firm; few fine roots; common masses clean sand in the lower part; ironstone pebbles and concretions of calcium carbonate; common range up to 10 percent, by volume slickensides; common clay films; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. Etoile Series Cy—47 to 60 inches; layered light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), brown (10YR 5/3), and brownish Depth class: Deep yellow (10YR 6/8) shale with texture of clay; very Drainage class: Moderately well drained hard, very firm; common gypsum crystals; neutral. Permeability: Very slow Landscape: Coastal plain Range in Characteristics Landform: Uplands Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Parent material: Clayey residuum from calcareous Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent shale Redoximorphic features: Yellowish brown relict Slope range: 1 to 3 percent redoximorphic concentrations; gray and light Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic brownish gray relict iron depletions Hapludalfs Other distinctive soil features: During some months in Typical Pedon most years, the soil has deep and wide cracks that extend to depths of 20 inches below the surface; Etoile loam, in an area of Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent layers with slightly acid or neutral reaction are at slopes, in a pasture; about 10 miles west of Crockett 25 to 50 inches deep on Texas 21 to Mustang Prairie headquarters, 1 mile Concentrated minerals: Masses and concretions of north on farm lane, left at fork in road, 0.6 mile west calcium carbonate and gypsum crystals are in the and north along farm lane, 200 feet west at old fence lower parts of the soil row then 75 feet northwest: Reaction: A or Ap, E (where present), Bt, and Btss Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; horizons—strongly acid to neutral; Bkss and Cy moderate fine subangular blocky structure; horizons—neutral to moderately alkaline slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; slightly A or Ap horizon: acid; clear wavy boundary. Color—dark brown, dark grayish brown, or very Bt—4 to 9 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay; few dark grayish brown medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) relict Redoximorphic features—none redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium Texture—loam subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Other features—none common fine roots; few clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. E horizon (where present): Btss1—9 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Color—brown, pale brown, light brownish gray, clay; few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) light yellowish brown, or brownish yellow relict redoximorphic concentrations; moderate Redoximorphic features—none medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, Texture—loam very firm; few fine roots; few chert and ironstone Other features—none pebbles; common slickensides; common clay Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E films; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. horizons is less than 10 inches Btss2—18 to 39 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y Bt horizon: 4/2) clay; few fine distinct light yellowish brown Color—red, yellowish red, yellowish brown, or (2.5Y 6/4) relict redoximorphic concentrations; strong brown moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very Redoximorphic features—none hard, very firm; few fine roots; few chert and Texture—clay ironstone pebbles; common slickensides; Other features—none common clay films; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Upper part of the Btss horizon: Bkss—39 to 47 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Color—red, yellowish red, yellowish brown, or clay; common medium distinct brownish yellow strong brown Houston County, Texas 173
Redoximorphic features—yellowish brown relict headquarters, 1.1 miles northeast to the corner of the redoximorphic concentrations; gray and light farm: brownish gray relict iron depletions Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Texture—clay loam; weak fine granular structure; hard, very Other features—few or common slickensides and friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine pressure faces pores; strongly acid, clear smooth boundary. Lower part of the Btss horizon: E—4 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy Color—light brownish gray, Light olive brown, loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, olive brown, olive, pale olive, or olive yellow very friable; common fine and medium roots; few Redoximorphic features—yellowish red or fine pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. yellowish brown relict redoximorphic Bt1—11 to 23 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) concentrations; gray relict iron depletions sandy clay loam; moderate medium subangular Texture—clay blocky structure; very hard, friable; common fine Other features—few or common slickensides and and medium roots; few fine and medium pores; pressure faces few clay films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bkss horizon: Bt/E1—23 to 35 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Color—light brownish gray, light olive brown, olive sandy clay loam; common medium distinct dark brown, olive, pale olive, or olive yellow red (2.5YR 3/6) redoximorphic concentrations Redoximorphic features—yellowish red or and few fine distinct gray (10YR 5/1) iron yellowish brown relict redoximorphic depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky concentrations; gray relict iron depletions structure; very hard, firm; common fine roots; few Texture—clay fine pores; few patchy clay films; about 5 percent Other features—few or common masses and albic material (E); very strongly acid; gradual concretions of calcium carbonate; few or wavy boundary. common slickensides and pressure faces Bt/E2—35 to 40 inches; distinctly variegated Cy horizon: brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), light brownish gray Color—light brownish gray, light olive brown, olive (10YR 6/2), and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay loam; brown, olive, pale olive, or olive yellow moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic features—none hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common Texture—platy calcareous shale with texture of clay films; about 8 percent albic material (E); very clay loam to clay strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary. Other features—Few or common gypsum Bt/E3—40 to 52 inches; prominently variegated crystals strong brown (7.5YR 5/8), red (2.5YR 4/6), and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Freestone Series very hard, friable; few fine pores; few fine roots; few pores; common clay films; about 10 percent Depth class: Very deep albic material (E); very strongly acid; gradual Drainage class: Moderately well drained wavy boundary. Permeability: Slow Bt/E4—52 to 81 inches; variegated yellowish red Landscape: Coastal plain (5YR 5/8), dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4), red Landform: Stream terraces (2.5YR 4/8), and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Parent material: Clayey alluvium from acid and clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky alkaline river and stream deposits structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; common clay Slope range: 0 to 3 percent films; about 5 percent albic material (E); very Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic strongly acid. Glossaquic Paleudalfs Range in Characteristics Typical Pedon Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Freestone fine sandy loam, in an area of Freestone Clay content in the control section: 20 to 35 percent fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a pasture; Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic about 8.4 miles west of Porter Springs on Farm Road concentrations in shades of brown, red, and 132, 3.3 miles northeast on Potter farm lane to north yellow; iron depletions in shades of gray 174 Soil Survey
Other distinctive soil features: None Fuller Series Concentrated minerals: Some pedons have secondary carbonates at more than 70 inches Depth class: Deep deep Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Reaction: A or Ap horizon—strongly acid to slightly Permeability: Very slow acid; E horizon—strongly acid to neutral; Bt and Landscape: Coastal plain Bt/E horizons—very strongly acid to moderately Landform: Uplands acid Parent material: Loamy marine sediments deposited over clayey mudstone or shale A or Ap horizon: Slope range: 0 to 3 percent Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Albic brown, grayish brown, dark brown, brown, dark Glossic Natraqualfs yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, yellowish brown, light grayish brown, light Typical Pedon brown, pinkish gray, or pale brown Fuller fine sandy loam, in an area of Fuller fine sandy Redoximorphic features—none loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; Texture—fine sandy loam from Kennard, Texas, at the intersection of Texas Other features—none Highway 7 and U.S. Forest Service Road 525, 4.8 Thickness—A horizons with very dark grayish miles south on U.S. Forest Service Road 525 to the brown or dark brown color are less than 7 intersection of U.S. Forest Service Road 549, 0.5 mile inches east on U.S. Forest Service Road 549 to the E horizon: intersection of U.S. Forest Service Road 596, 0.2 mile Color—light yellowish brown, brownish yellow, northeast on U.S. Forest Service Road 596, 30 feet pale brown, light brown, and reddish yellow northwest of road: Redoximorphic features—none A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine Texture—fine sandy loam or loam sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; Other features—none soft, friable; many fine, medium, and coarse Bt horizon: roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Color—brown, yellowish brown, strong brown, Eg—7 to 12 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) light brown, light yellowish brown, yellow, fine sandy loam; few fine faint brownish yellow brownish yellow, or reddish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak Redoximorphic features— none to few iron medium subangular blocky structure; slightly depletions in shades of gray and hard, friable; many fine, medium, and coarse redoximorphic concentrations in shades of roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. brown and red E/Btg—12 to 27 inches; 60 percent light brownish Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam (E); common Other features—streaks or small masses of albic medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) material range from none to less than 5 redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine percent, by volume subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine and medium roots; 40 percent Bt/E horizon: grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam (Btg); very Color—shades of brown, gray, and red; or the strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. horizon is variegated in these colors Btng/E1—27 to 45 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Redoximorphic features—few to many loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations in shades of redoximorphic concentrations; moderate coarse brown, red, and yellow and iron depletions in columnar structure; very hard, firm; few fine and shades of gray medium roots; common clay films; about 25 Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or percent albic material (E) between peds; few clay siliceous pebbles 5 to 20 millimeters in diameter; Other features—streaks, coatings, and pockets of slightly acid; gradual irregular boundary. albic material make up 5 to 15 percent, by Btng/E2—45 to 51 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) volume clay loam; common fine and medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic Houston County, Texas 175
concentrations; moderate coarse columnar E/Btg horizon: structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; common Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, brownish clay films; about 20 percent albic material (E) gray, gray, grayish brown, light gray, or light between peds; few small pockets of white salts; brownish gray neutral; gradual irregular boundary. Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic 2C—51 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) concentrations in shades of red, brown, or mudstone with texture of clay loam; massive; thin yellow range from none to many black iron-manganese layers cover some rock Texture—very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, faces; few small pockets of white salts; neutral. or loam Other features—sodium adsorption ratio ranges Range in Characteristics from 1 to 5 Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Btng/E horizon: Clay content in the control section: 18 to 35 percent Color—grayish brown, very dark gray, very dark Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic grayish brown, dark gray, or dark grayish concentrations in shades of brown or yellow; iron brown streaks and masses (Bt); grayish brown, depletions in shades of gray brown, light brownish gray, pale brown, light Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the gray, or very pale brown (E) control section ranges from 25 to 45 percent; Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic electrical conductivity ranges from 0.4 to concentrations in shades of brown or yellow 4.0 mmhos/cm; sodium adsorption ratio ranges range from none to common and are mainly in from 13 to 20 in the upper part of the control the interior of peds; iron depletions in shades section of gray are on ped faces Concentrated minerals: Barite, gypsum, calcite, and Texture—streaks and masses of loam, clay loam, other salts are common in the subsoil and or silty clay loam substratum in most pedons Other features—ped interiors are mudstone Reaction: A horizon—very strongly acid to parent materials that are seemingly little moderately acid; Eg and E/Btg horizons— weathered surrounded by darker and grayish extremely acid to slightly acid; Btng/E and 2C/Bt argillic materials with streaks and pockets of (where present) horizons—slightly acid to albic material (E) and crawfish krotovinas moderately alkaline; 2C horizon—neutral to between peds; sodium adsorption ratio ranges moderately alkaline from 13 to 20 A horizon: 2C/Bt horizon (where present): Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish Color—grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, brown, or grayish brown light brownish gray, pale brown, light yellowish Redoximorphic features—none brown, light gray, very pale brown, light olive Texture—fine sandy loam brown, olive gray, olive, light olive gray, or pale Other features—aluminum saturation ranges from yellow (2C) 20 to 40 percent Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic Eg horizon: concentrations in shades of brown or yellow Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, gray, range from none to common and are mainly in grayish brown, light gray, or light brownish gray the interior of peds; iron depletions in shades Redoximorphic features—redoximorphic of gray are on ped faces concentrations in shades of red, brown, or Texture—mudstone that has conchoidal fractures yellow range from none to many with texture of clay loam (2C); streaks and Texture—very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, masses of loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam or loam (Bt) Other features—aluminum saturation ranges from Other features—barite and other salts are 20 to 40 percent in the upper part; sodium common in most pedons; electrical adsorption ratio in the lower part of the E conductivity ranges from 1 to 4 mmhos/cm; horizon ranges from 1 to 5; wavy strata of silty sodium adsorption ratio ranges from 10 to 25 clay loam material that has darker colors are in 2C horizon: most pedons Color—grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, light brownish gray, pale brown, light yellowish 176 Soil Survey
brown, light gray, very pale brown, light olive common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR brown, olive gray, olive, pale olive, or pale 5/8) relict redoximorphic concentrations and yellow common fine faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) relict iron Redoximorphic features—none depletions; weak fine angular blocky structure; Texture—consolidated mudstone with texture of extremely hard, very firm; common fine and clay loam or clay medium roots; few fine pores; common worm Other features—barite, gypsum, calcite, and casts; many slickensides; common pressure other salts are common in most pedons, faces; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. mainly along fractures Bssg2—28 to 45 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay; common fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/0) relict iron depletions and faint light olive brown Garner Series (2.5Y 5/4) relict redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine angular blocky structure; extremely Depth class: Very deep hard, very firm; common fine roots; few fine Drainage class: Moderately well drained pores; common worm casts; common Permeability: Very slow slickensides; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Landscape: Coastal plain Bkssg1—45 to 56 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; Landform: Stream terraces common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y Parent material: Clayey alluvium from alkaline river 5/2) relict iron depletions and few fine distinct and stream deposits strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) relict redoximorphic Slope range: 0 to 1 percent concentrations; weak very fine angular blocky Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine Hapluderts roots; few fine pores; common slickensides; Typical Pedon common calcium carbonate concretions; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. Garner clay, in an area of Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent Bkssg2—56 to 80 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/0) clay; few slopes, in a pasture; from the intersection of Loop 304 fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) relict and Texas Highway 21 on the west side of Crockett, 6 redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine miles west of Crockett on Texas Highway 21, 3.4 miles angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very north on Dixon-Hopewell Road, 0.25 mile west on firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common John Spinks farm lane, 50 feet south of lane: slickensides; common calcium carbonate Ap—0 to 7 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; concretions and gypsum crystals; slightly weak fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, alkaline. firm; many fine and medium roots; few fine pores; Range in Characteristics common worm casts; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Bw—7 to 10 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; few Clay content in the control section: 50 to 60 percent fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) relict Redoximorphic features: Relict redoximorphic redoximorphic concentrations and faint very dark concentrations and iron depletions in shades of gray (10YR 3/1) organic stains; moderate fine brown, yellow, or olive subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very Other distinctive soil features: Undisturbed areas firm; many fine and medium roots; few fine pores; have gilgai microrelief; cracks 1 inch to 3 inches common worm casts; moderately acid; clear wavy wide at the surface extend to more than 20 boundary. inches deep during the summer of most years; Bss—10 to 22 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; cracks are open for 60 to 90 cumulative days common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) during most years; intersecting slickensides begin relict redoximorphic concentrations and few fine at 15 to 30 inches deep faint gray (10YR 5/1) relict iron depletions; weak Concentrated minerals: Calcium carbonate fine subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, concretions or gypsum crystals in the lower part very firm; common fine and medium roots; few of the solum fine pores; common worm casts; common Reaction: A or Ap and Bw horizons—moderately acid pressure faces; few large grooved slickensides; to slightly alkaline; Bss horizon—moderately acid moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. to neutral; Bkss horizon—moderately acid to Bssg1—22 to 28 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; moderately alkaline Houston County, Texas 177
Ap or A horizon: Color—very dark gray, dark gray, gray, or light gray; more than 70 percent of the pedon has lighter color within 12 inches of the surface Redoximorphic features—none Texture—clay Other features—none Thickness—2 to 35 inches Bss and Bssg horizons: Color—dark gray, gray, grayish brown, dark grayish brown, light gray, or light brownish gray Redoximorphic features—few to many relict redoximorphic concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, and red Texture—silty clay or clay Other features—few or common slickensides Bkssg horizon: Color—gray, dark gray, dark grayish brown, light olive gray, olive gray, light olive brown, olive, or pale olive Redoximorphic features—few or common relict redoximorphic concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or olive Texture—silty clay or clay Other features—most pedons contain calcium carbonate concretions or gypsum crystals
Grapeland Series
Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Permeability: Rapid Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Uplands Parent material: Sandy marine sediments Slope range: 1 to 4 percent Taxonomic class: Sandy, siliceous, thermic Psammentic Paleudults Typical Pedon Grapeland fine sand, in an area of Grapeland fine sand, 1 to 4 percent slopes (fig. 17), in a pasture; from the intersection of U.S. Highway 287 and Farm Road 228 in Grapeland, 7 miles north on U.S. Highway 287 to the entrance of Lake Wood Ranch, 0.2 mile east to farmstead then 0.4 mile northeast: Ap—0 to 3 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable; many fine and medium roots; common fine pores; few fine ironstone nodules; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Figure 17.—Profile of Grapeland fine sand. 178 Soil Survey
A—3 to 12 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine E horizon (where present): sand; weak medium and coarse subangular Color—brown, pale brown, light yellowish brown, blocky structure; soft, very friable; common fine or yellowish brown roots; common fine pores; few thin discontinuous Redoximorphic features—none lamellae at Bt contact; few fine ironstone nodules; Texture—fine sand strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. Other features—none Bt1—12 to 39 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) loamy Upper part of the Bt horizon: fine sand; weak medium and coarse subangular Color—yellowish red, reddish yellow, red, or light blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common red fine roots; many fine and medium pores; few Redoximorphic features—none streaks of pale brown (10YR 6/3) uncoated sand; Texture—loamy sand or loamy fine sand few stains of iron-manganese; faint yellowish red Other features—contains at least 3 percent more discontinuous clay bridges between some sand clay than the horizon above; streaks and spots grains; few fine ironstone nodules; extremely acid; of uncoated sand range from none to about 5 gradual smooth boundary. percent Bt2—39 to 52 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) loamy fine sand; weak coarse subangular blocky Lower part of the Bt horizon: structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; Color—yellowish red, reddish yellow, red, or light many fine and medium pores; clay bridging red evident; few streaks of very pale brown (10YR Redoximorphic features—none 7/3) uncoated sand; few fine ironstone nodules; Texture—fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. sand Bt3—52 to 80 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) loamy Other features—few or common streaks and fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky spots of uncoated sand structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; many fine and medium pores; clay bridging evident; few fine faint reddish lamellae; few Hainesville Series 1 streaks and spots up to /2 inch across of very Depth class: Very deep pale brown (10YR 7/3) uncoated sand, some of Drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained which have red edges; few fine ironstone Permeability: Rapid nodules; very strongly acid. Landscape: Coastal plain Range in Characteristics Landform: Stream terraces Parent material: Sandy alluvium from river and Solum thickness: More than 80 inches stream deposits Clay content in the control section: 6 to 12 percent Slope range: 0 to 2 percent Redoximorphic features: None Taxonomic class: Thermic, coated Argic Other distinctive soil features: Dry in some parts of Quartzipsamments the moisture control section for 75 to 90 days in most years Typical Pedon Concentrated minerals: Rounded ironstone nodules, 1 Hainesville fine sand, in an area of Hainesville fine mainly less than /2 inch across, range from none sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes (fig. 18), in an area of to few throughout cropland; from the intersection of Loop 304 and Texas Reaction: A or Ap and E horizons—very strongly acid Highway 7 on the west side of Crockett, 4.5 miles to slightly acid; Bt horizon—extremely acid to west on Texas Highway 7 to Farm Road 132, 4.5 slightly acid miles southwest on Farm Road 132 to end of A or Ap horizon: pavement, 2 miles west on county road to cattle Color—dark brown, brown, dark yellowish brown, guard, 0.3 mile west on private road, 0.25 mile south or yellowish brown of road: Redoximorphic features—none Ap—0 to 5 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine Texture—fine sand sand; single grained; very friable; many fine and Other features—none medium roots; common fine vesicular and tubular pores; common fine and medium worm casts; Houston County, Texas 179
about 1 percent siliceous pebbles; strongly acid; Range in Characteristics clear smooth boundary. Solum thickness: More than 80 inches A—5 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) fine Clay content in the control section: 2 to 10 percent sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic features: None very friable; many fine roots; common fine Other distinctive soil features: Dry in the moisture vesicular and tubular pores; few fine black iron- control section 60 to 90 cumulative days in most manganese masses; common fine and medium years; rounded siliceous or ironstone pebbles worm casts; about 1 percent siliceous pebbles; range from few to 3 percent in most pedons; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. lamellae are at 40 to 72 inches deep Bw—14 to 28 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy Concentrated minerals: None fine sand; few fine distinct very pale brown (10YR Reaction: A or Ap horizon—strongly acid to slightly 8/3) spots of uncoated sand; weak coarse acid; E horizon (where present)—very strongly subangular blocky structure; very friable; common acid to slightly acid; Bw, Bw/E, and B&E fine roots; common fine vesicular and tubular horizons—extremely acid to slightly acid pores; few fine iron-manganese masses; about 1 percent siliceous pebbles; very strongly acid; A or Ap horizon: gradual smooth boundary. Color—dark brown, brown, light brown, dark Bw/E1—28 to 45 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) yellowish brown, yellowish brown, pale brown, loamy fine sand; common fine distinct very pale or light yellowish brown brown (10YR 8/3) spots of uncoated sand (E); Redoximorphic features—none weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very Texture—fine sand friable; common fine roots; many fine vesicular Other features—none and tubular pores; very few iron-manganese E horizon (where present): coatings in root channels; about 1 percent Color—pale brown, light yellowish brown, or very siliceous pebbles; extremely acid; gradual smooth pale brown boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Bw/E2—45 to 58 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand loamy fine sand; many medium distinct very pale Other features—none brown (10YR 8/3) spots of uncoated sand (E); weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very Bw horizon: friable; common fine roots; many fine vesicular Color—yellowish red, reddish yellow, reddish and tubular pores; about 1 percent siliceous pink, strong brown, yellowish brown, brownish pebbles; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. yellow, or yellow Bw/E3—58 to 70 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Redoximorphic features—none loamy fine sand; many medium distinct very pale Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand brown (10YR 8/3) spots of uncoated sand (E); Other features—none weak coarse subangular blocky structure; loose, Bw/E and B&E horizons: very friable; common fine roots; many fine, Color—yellowish red, reddish yellow, reddish medium, and coarse vesicular pores; few strong pink, strong brown, yellowish brown, brownish brown (7.5YR 5/8) lamellae 0.2 to 1.0 centimeters yellow, or yellow (B); pale brown, light thick make up combined thickness of 5 yellowish brown, or very pale brown (E) centimeters; about 1 percent siliceous pebbles; Redoximorphic features—none extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. Texture—fine sand or loamy fine sand B&E—70 to 80 inches; yellow (10YR 7/6) loamy fine Other features—lamellae in shades of brown or sand; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR red with textures of loamy fine sand or fine 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; single grained; sandy loam range from 0.1 to 2.5 centimeters very friable; common fine roots; common coarse thick with cumulative thickness less than 6 pores; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) discontinuous inches lamellae 0.2 to 2.0 centimeters thick make up combined thickness of 5 centimeters; common medium iron-manganese concretions; about 1 Hallsbluff Series percent siliceous pebbles; strongly acid. Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained 180 Soil Survey
Figure 18.—Profile of Hainesville fine sand. Figure 19.—Profile of Hallsbluff clay loam. Houston County, Texas 181
Permeability: Very slow fine and medium concretions of calcium Landscape: Coastal plain carbonate; few siliceous pebbles; slightly Landform: Stream terraces effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear irregular Parent material: Clayey alluvium from alkaline river and boundary. stream deposits Bkss2—40 to 52 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) Slope range: 2 to 5 percent clay; many fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic 4/2) relict iron depletions; moderate coarse Hapluderts angular blocky structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very hard, very firm; common Typical Pedon fine roots; many fine vesicular and tubular pores; Hallsbluff clay loam, in an area of Hallsbluff clay loam, common pressure faces; many slickensides; 2 to 5 percent slopes (fig. 19), in a pasture; from the common medium concretions of calcium intersection of Loop 304 and Texas Highway 7 on west carbonate; few medium masses of iron- side of Crockett, 4.5 miles southwest on Texas manganese; slightly effervescent; moderately Highway 7 to the intersection of Farm Road 132, 4.5 alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. miles southwest on Farm Road 132 to end of BCss—52 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) pavement, 2.6 miles west on county road, 0.4 mile clay; common fine and medium distinct light south of road: brownish gray (10YR 6/2) relict iron depletions; weak medium angular blocky structure; very Ap—0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) hard, very firm; common fine roots; few fine and clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky medium vesicular and tubular pores; common structure; very hard, very firm; many fine roots; few pressure faces and slickensides; few medium and medium vesicular and tubular pores; many fine coarse concretions of calcium carbonate; few and medium worm casts; few fine concretions of medium masses of iron-manganese; slightly calcium carbonate; few siliceous pebbles; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline. effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. Range in Characteristics A—6 to 17 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Solum thickness: More than 80 inches silty clay; moderate medium angular blocky Clay content in the control section: 45 to 60 percent structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; Redoximorphic features: Relict redoximorphic few medium vesicular and tubular pores; few concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or pressure faces; many fine and medium worm olive; relict iron depletions in shades of gray casts; few fine threads of calcium carbonate; few Other distinctive soil features: There is gilgai siliceous pebbles; very slightly effervescent; microrelief unless cultivated; cracks range from slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. 1 /2 inch to about 2 inches wide and extend to a Bss—17 to 29; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) depth of more than 40 inches; cracks are open silty clay; common medium distinct light olive for 60 to 90 cumulative days during most years; brown (2.5Y 5/4) relict redoximorphic intersecting slickensides begin at 12 to 22 inches concentrations; moderate medium angular blocky deep structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; many Concentrated minerals: Concretions, threads, and fine and medium vesicular and tubular pores; few masses of calcium carbonate and gypsum fine and medium worm casts; common pressure crystals in the lower subsoil faces and slickensides; few fine concretions of Reaction: A or Ap and Bss horizons—slightly alkaline calcium carbonate; few siliceous pebbles; very or moderately alkaline; Bkss and BCss slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear wavy horizons—moderately alkaline boundary. Bkss1—29 to 40 inches; olive (5Y 5/3) clay; common A or Ap horizon: fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) and Color—very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, few fine distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) relict or dark olive gray iron depletions; moderate coarse angular blocky Redoximorphic features—none to few relict structure; very hard, very firm; common fine roots; redoximorphic concentrations in shades of many fine and medium vesicular and tubular brown in the lower part pores; many pressure faces and slickensides with Texture—clay loam in the upper part; clay loam or angles 40 to 50 degrees from horizontal; few fine silty clay in the lower part and medium masses of iron-manganese; many 182 Soil Survey
Other features—A horizons are dominantly calcareous, but some may be non-calcareous Thickness—ranges from 6 inches on micro-knolls to 40 inches in micro-depressions; less than 12 inches thick in more than half of the pedon Bss horizon: Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, dark olive gray, or olive gray Redoximorphic features—relict redoximorphic concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or olive range from none to common Texture—silty clay or clay Other features—none Bkss horizon: Color—very dark grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, dark brown, dark grayish brown, brown, light grayish brown, pale brown, light yellowish brown, brownish yellow, grayish brown, yellowish brown, dark olive gray, olive gray, olive, light olive gray, pale olive, olive yellow, light olive brown, or olive brown Redoximorphic features—few or common relict redoximorphic concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or olive Texture—silty clay or clay Other features—calcium carbonate threads, concretions, and masses range from 3 to 15 percent BCss horizon: Color—dark yellowish brown, yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, brownish yellow, olive, pale olive, olive yellow, light olive brown, or olive brown Redoximorphic features—few or common relict redoximorphic concentrations in shades of brown or yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray Texture—silty clay or clay Other features—calcium carbonate concretions and masses range from about 1 to 10 percent; gypsum crystals are in the lower part in some pedons
Hannahatchee Series
Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderate Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Loamy alluvium from recent, reddish colored glauconitic stream deposits Figure 20.—Profile of Hannahatchee fine sandy loam. Houston County, Texas 183
Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Redoximorphic features: Some pedons have light Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic brownish gray, grayish brown, or gray iron Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts depletions at more than 36 inches deep Other distinctive soil features: Base saturation is 60 Typical Pedon percent or more in some horizons at 10 to 30 Hannahatchee fine sandy loam, in an area of inches deep Hannahatchee fine sandy loam, frequently flooded Concentrated minerals: Ironstone fragments and iron- (fig. 20), in a pasture; from Crockett Loop 304, 15 manganese concretions range from none to miles north on U.S. Highway 287, 6.7 miles east on common Farm Road 227, 2 miles southeast on county road, Reaction: A or Ap horizon—strongly acid to slightly 0.5 mile southeast of road: acid; Bw and C (where present) horizons—very strongly acid to neutral; Ab horizon (where Ap—0 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) present)—moderately acid to neutral fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, friable; common fine roots; few fine A or Ap horizon: pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. Color—reddish brown, yellowish red, dark brown, A—11 to 23 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/4) loam; or brown weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, Redoximorphic features—none friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; slightly Texture—fine sandy loam in the upper part; fine acid; clear smooth boundary. sandy loam or loam in the lower part Bw1—23 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR Other features—none 4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate fine subangular Thickness—less than 6 inches thick where color blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine is dark brown roots; common fine pores; neutral; clear smooth Bw horizon: boundary. Color—dark reddish brown, dark yellowish brown, Bw2—30 to 39 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) reddish brown, yellowish red, brown, or strong sandy clay loam; common medium distinct brown brown (10YR 4/3) mottles; weak medium prismatic Redoximorphic features—brown, dark grayish structure parting to weak medium subangular brown, dark yellowish brown, pale brown, red, blocky; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; dark reddish brown, strong brown, and reddish common fine pores; very few distinct yellowish yellow redoximorphic concentrations are none brown patchy iron stains in roots channel; neutral; to common; some pedons have light brownish clear smooth boundary. gray, grayish brown, or gray iron depletions Bw3—39 to 63 inches; variegated strong brown below 36 inches (7.5YR 5/8), reddish brown (5YR 4/3), and dark Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, very brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak medium prismatic fine sandy loam, or loam with thin strata of structure parting to weak medium subangular loamy fine sand with thin layers having a clay blocky; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; content of 14 to 18 percent common fine pores; few distinct light brownish Other features—none gray (10YR 6/2) continuous skeletans on ped Thickness—depth to a horizon containing more faces; few yellowish red patchy iron stains in root than 35 percent clay ranges from 40 to 60 channels; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. inches; depth to the buried A horizon ranges Bw4—63 to 76 inches; variegated yellowish red (5YR from 45 to 60 inches 5/6), grayish brown (10YR 5/2), and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; weak medium Ab horizon (where present): prismatic structure parting to weak medium Color—very dark gray, dark gray, very dark subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; few fine grayish brown, dark grayish brown, and dark and medium roots; common fine pores; few brown distinct yellowish red iron stains in root channels; Redoximorphic features—brown, dark grayish strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. brown, dark yellowish brown, pale brown, red, dark reddish brown, strong brown, and reddish Range in Characteristics yellow redoximorphic concentrations are none Solum thickness: More than 60 inches to common; some pedons have light brownish Clay content in the control section: 18 to 28 percent gray, grayish brown, or gray iron depletions below 36 inches 184 Soil Survey
Texture—clay, clay loam, loam, or fine sandy loam roots; common slickensides; common clay films; Other features—none strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. BCtss—42 to 45 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y C horizon (where present): 4/2) silty clay; common fine distinct light yellowish Color—dark reddish brown, reddish brown, brown (2.5Y 6/4) redoximorphic concentrations; yellowish red, brown, or strong brown weak fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, Redoximorphic features—brown, dark grayish very firm; common slickensides; common clay brown, dark yellowish brown, pale brown, red, films; about 3 percent gypsum crystals and dark reddish brown, strong brown, and reddish masses; very strongly acid; gradual wavy yellow redoximorphic concentrations are none boundary. to common; some pedons have light brownish 2Cy—45 to 80 inches; olive (5Y 5/3) mudstone with gray, grayish brown, or gray iron depletions texture of clay loam; massive; very hard, very below 36 inches firm; 10 to 15 percent gypsum; few iron- Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, very manganese coatings; few fine roots; very strongly fine sandy loam, or loam with thin strata of acid. loamy fine sand with thin layers having a clay content of 14 to 18 percent Range in Characteristics Other features—none Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Clay content in the control section: 35 to 45 percent Herty Series Redoximorphic features: Few to common redoximorphic concentrations in the subsoil Depth class: Deep Other distinctive soil features: During the summer Drainage class: Well drained and fall in most years, the soil has deep and wide Permeability: Very slow cracks that extend at least 20 inches deep Landscape: Coastal plain Concentrated minerals: Exchangeable sodium ranges Landform: Uplands from 8 to 20 percent in the subsoil; sodium Parent material: Clayey residuum from mudstone or adsorption ratio ranges from 8 to 12; gypsum shale crystals or soft masses are in the lower part of Slope range: 0 to 3 percent the subsoil and substratum Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to Vertic Hapludalfs moderately acid; Bt, Btss, BCtss, and 2Cy horizons—strongly acid Typical Pedon A horizon: Herty loam, in an area of Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent Color—grayish brown, brown, dark grayish slopes, in an area of woodland; 1.3 miles southwest of brown, very dark grayish brown, or dark brown Kennard on Farm Road 2781, 0.4 mile west on U.S. Redoximorphic features—none Forest Service Road 595, 100 feet north of road: Texture—loam A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; Other features—none weak medium granular structure; soft, friable; E horizon: many medium and coarse roots; moderately acid; Color—light brownish gray, grayish brown, brown, clear smooth boundary. light gray, pale brown, or gray E—3 to 10 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; weak Redoximorphic features—none medium subangular blocky structure; many Texture—loam or silt loam medium and coarse roots; slightly hard, friable; Other features—none moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E Bt—10 to 24 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR horizons is 3 to 10 inches 4/2) clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; many fine, medium, Bt horizon: and coarse roots; few pressure faces; few patchy Color—dark gray, very dark gray, dark grayish clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. brown, very dark grayish brown, brown, dark Btss—24 to 42 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) brown, or gray clay; moderate medium angular blocky structure; Redoximorphic features—red, yellowish red, and very hard, very firm; common fine and medium strong brown redoximorphic concentrations are few or common Houston County, Texas 185
Texture—clay loam, clay, or silty clay Ab1—14 to 22 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; few Other features—none fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Btss and BCtss horizons: redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium Color—dark gray, very dark gray, dark grayish subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; brown, very dark grayish brown, brown, dark common fine roots; few fine pores; strongly acid; brown, gray, light olive gray, and olive gray gradual smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—red, yellowish red, and Ab2—22 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) strong brown redoximorphic concentrations loam; few fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR are few or common 6/2) iron depletions and prominent yellowish red Texture—clay or silty clay (5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Other features—soft masses or large crystals of moderate medium subangular blocky structure; gypsum; few or common slickensides slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common 2Cy horizon: fine pores; strongly acid; gradual smooth Color—shades of olive or gray boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Bwb1—27 to 40 inches; variegated yellowish brown Texture—mudstone, shale, or partially weathered (10YR 5/4), dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2), and shale with texture of clay or clay loam light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam; Other features—gypsum crystals are present in few thin strata of light gray (10YR 7/2) loamy fine most pedons sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; few fine pores; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Iulus Series Bwb2—40 to 65 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; few thin strata of light gray (10YR 7/2) Depth class: Very deep loamy fine sand; common medium prominent Drainage class: Moderately well drained brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; Permeability: Moderate weak medium subangular blocky structure; Landscape: Coastal plain slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; few fine Landform: Flood plains pores; very strongly acid; gradual smooth Parent material: Loamy alluvium from recent river and boundary. stream deposits Bwb3—65 to 70 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; few Slope range: 0 to 1 percent thin strata of light gray (10YR 7/2) loamy fine Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic sand; common medium distinct yellowish brown Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Typical Pedon moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine Iulus fine sandy loam, in an area of Iulus fine sandy pores; very strongly acid; gradual smooth loam, frequently flooded, in an area of woodland; boundary. from Loop 304 and Texas Highway 21 in Crockett, 23 Bwb4—70 to 82 inches; variegated dark grayish miles east on Texas Highway 21 to U.S. Forest brown (10YR 4/2), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), Service Road 511, 4 miles south on U.S. Forest and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay loam; Service Road 511, 1.5 miles west of U.S. Forest moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Service Road 511 on U.S. Forest Service Road 526, hard, friable; very strongly acid. 100 feet north of road: Range in Characteristics A—0 to 7 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; Solum thickness: More than 80 inches slightly hard, very friable; many fine and medium Clay content in the control section: 10 to 18 percent roots; common fine pores; few worm casts; Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or red Bw—7 to 14 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine and iron depletions in shades of gray begin at sandy loam; moderate fine subangular structure; less than 24 inches deep slightly hard, very friable; common fine and Other distinctive soil features: Dry in some parts of medium roots; common very fine and fine pores; the moisture control section for more than 60 strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. cumulative days in most years 186 Soil Survey
Concentrated minerals: None Parent material: Clayey alluvium from recent river and Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid stream deposits throughout Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Taxonomic class: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Typic A horizon: Hapluderts Color—dark brown, very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, brown, Typical Pedon grayish brown, or yellowish brown Kaufman clay, in an area of Kaufman clay, Redoximorphic features—none occasionally flooded, in a cotton field; about 3 miles Texture—fine sandy loam southwest of Mapleton on Texas Highway 21 to 7-J Other features—none Ranch headquarters, 0.3 mile east along a gravel Bw horizon: road, 0.5 mile south of road: Color—dark brown, strong brown, brown, dark Ap—0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; yellowish brown, or yellowish brown moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic features—few to many iron very hard, very firm; common fine and medium accumulations in shades of brown, yellow, or roots; few worm casts; moderately acid; clear red and iron depletions in shades of gray are wavy boundary. at less than 24 inches deep; in some pedons, A—3 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 2/1) clay; the horizon is variegated in these colors moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Texture—fine sandy loam or loam in the upper very hard, very firm; common fine and medium part; fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay roots; few slickensides; moderately acid; gradual loam in the lower part wavy boundary. Other features—some pedons have thin layers of Bss1—14 to 25 inches; dark gray (10YR 2/1) clay; silt loam or very fine sandy loam common medium prominent light olive brown Ab horizon: (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; Color—dark brown, very dark grayish brown, dark moderate medium angular blocky structure; grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, brown, extremely hard, very firm; common fine and grayish brown, or yellowish brown medium roots; common slickensides; slightly acid; Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in gradual wavy boundary. shades brown; iron depletions in shades of Bss2—25 to 45 inches; dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; gray many medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y Texture—fine sandy loam 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate Other features—none medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; common fine roots; common Bg horizon (where present): slickensides; slightly acid; gradual wavy Color—shades of brown or gray with chroma of 2 boundary. or less Bss3—45 to 62 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) few to many redoximorphic concentrations in redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium shades of brown, yellow, or red angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, firm; common fine roots; common slickensides; loam, silt loam, or sandy clay loam; most neutral; gradual wavy boundary. pedons have more than one texture and some Bssy1—62 to 73 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) pedons have thin strata of loamy fine sand clay; common medium distinct light olive brown Other features—none (2.5Y 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium angular blocky structure; Kaufman Series extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots; common slickensides; common gypsum Depth class: Very deep concretions; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy Drainage class: Moderately well drained boundary. Permeability: Very slow Bssy2—73 to 90 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; Landscape: Coastal plain common medium prominent light olive brown Landform: Flood plains (2.5Y 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Houston County, Texas 187
extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots; common Kellison Series slickensides; few gypsum concretions; moderately alkaline. Depth class: Deep Drainage class: Well drained Range in Characteristics Permeability: Very slow Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Landscape: Coastal plain Clay content in the control section: 60 to 86 percent Landform: Uplands Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic Parent material: Clayey residuum from shale or concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or mudstone olive range from none to common Slope range: 5 to 15 percent Other distinctive soil features: Undisturbed areas Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic have subdued gilgai microrelief; cracks 1 inch to Hapludalfs 3 inches wide extend from the surface to a depth Typical Pedon of more than 40 inches and remain open for 60 to 90 cumulative days during most years; Kellison loam, in an area of Kellison loam, 5 to 15 intersecting slickensides are at more than 10 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; from the inches deep intersection Texas Highway 7 and Farm Road 357 in Concentrated minerals: Some pedons are calcareous Kennard, about 4.75 miles east on Farm Road 357, below a depth of 24 inches; soft masses or about 2.7 miles east on U.S. Forest Service Road crystals of gypsum are in the lower part of the 527, about 0.2 mile south along woods road, about solum 50 feet east of road: Reaction: Moderately acid to moderately alkaline A—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) throughout loam; weak medium granular structure; slightly A or Ap horizon: hard, friable; common fine and medium roots; Color—black or very dark gray moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—some pedons have E—3 to 7 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; weak redoximorphic concentrations in shades of medium subangular blocky structure; slightly brown, yellow, or olive in the lower part hard, friable; common fine and medium roots; Texture—clay moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. Other features—none Bt—7 to 22 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; common medium distinct yellowish brown Bss horizon and Bssg horizon (where present): (10YR 5/4) relict redoximorphic concentrations Color—black, very dark gray, dark gray, grayish and grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) relict iron brown, or gray; in some pedons, the matrix is depletions; weak medium subangular blocky more gray below a depth of 40 inches structure; very hard, very firm; common fine and Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in medium roots; few pressure faces; few patchy shades of brown, yellow, or olive range from clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. none to common Btss1—22 to 30 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) Texture—clay clay; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Other features—few or common slickensides relict iron depletions and distinct yellowish brown Bssy horizon: (10YR 5/4) relict redoximorphic concentrations; Color—black, very dark gray, dark gray, grayish moderate medium angular blocky structure; very brown, or gray; in some pedons, the matrix is hard, very firm; common fine roots; common more gray below a depth of 40 inches slickensides; few thin clay films; strongly acid; Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in gradual wavy boundary. shades of brown, yellow, or olive range from Btss2—30 to 39 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) none to common clay; common fine faint light yellowish brown Texture—clay (2.5Y 6/4) relict redoximorphic concentrations; Other features—few or common slickensides and moderate medium angular blocky structure; very soft masses or crystals of gypsum hard, very firm; common fine roots; common slickensides; few thin clay films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. BCtss—39 to 47 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) clay; common fine faint light brownish gray 188 Soil Survey
(2.5Y 6/2) relict iron depletions; moderate fine Other features—sodium adsorption ratio ranges angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few from 2 to 9 in the upper part and from 2 to 12 in fine roots; common slickensides; few thin clay the lower part films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btss and BCtss horizons: C—47 to 65 inches; interbedded olive (5Y 5/3) and Color—very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, gray (5Y 6/1) shale with clay texture; weak coarse dark olive gray, olive gray, dark brown, dark platy rock structure parting to weak medium gray, dark grayish brown, brown, gray, grayish angular fragments; very hard, very firm; few iron- brown, light olive gray, light gray, or light manganese coatings between plates; very brownish gray strongly acid. Redoximorphic features—few to common relict Range in Characteristics iron accumulations in shades of red or brown Texture—silty clay or clay Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Other features—masses and/or crystals of Clay content in the control section: 45 to 60 percent gypsum, mainly in the lower part, range from Redoximorphic features: Relict or lithochromic iron none to common concentrations and depletions are in the subsoil Other distinctive soil features: Cracks extend from the C horizon: surface to a depth of 12 inches or more for 60 to Color—very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, 80 days during most years; slickensides begin at dark gray, dark grayish brown, grayish brown, 12 to 24 inches deep gray, or light gray Concentrated minerals: Sodium adsorption ratio Redoximorphic features—none ranges from 2 to 9 in the upper part of the subsoil Texture—shale or shale interbedded with and from 2 to 13 in the lower part of the subsoil mudstone with texture of clay loam or clay and in the substratum and commonly increases Other features—masses and/or crystals of with depth gypsum range from few to many in most Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to pedons; sodium adsorption ratio ranges from 2 moderately acid; Bt, Btss, and BCtss horizons— to 13 extremely acid to strongly acid; C horizon—very strongly acid to neutral Keltys Series A horizon: Color—very dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark Depth class: Deep grayish brown, brown, or grayish brown Drainage class: Moderately well drained Redoximorphic features—none Permeability: Moderate Texture—loam Landscape: Coastal plain Other features—none Landform: Uplands Parent material: Loamy marine sediments over E horizon: mudstone Color—gray, grayish brown, brown, light brownish Slope range: 1 to 8 percent gray, or pale brown Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Redoximorphic features—none Typic Glossudalfs Texture—very fine sandy loam or loam Other features—none Typical Pedon Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E horizons is 3 to 10 inches Keltys fine sandy loam, in an area of Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; 4 Bt horizon: miles east on Texas Highway 7 from Ratcliff, 2.4 miles Color—very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, south on Enon Cemetery Road, 100 feet west of road: dark brown, dark gray, dark grayish brown, brown, gray, grayish brown, light gray, or light A—0 to 6 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine brownish gray sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, Redoximorphic features—few or common relict very friable; common fine and medium roots; iron accumulations in shades of red or brown common fine pores; strongly acid; clear smooth Texture—clay loam, silty clay, or clay boundary. E1—6 to 11 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky Houston County, Texas 189
structure; soft, very friable; common fine and diameter; very strongly acid; gradual irregular medium roots; common fine pores; strongly acid; boundary. gradual wavy boundary. 2C—63 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) E2—11 to 18 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine mudstone with texture of clay loam; common sandy loam; common fine distinct yellowish medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation lithochromic mottles; very hard, very firm; few and few medium faint light brownish gray (10YR roots along bedding planes; few fine and medium 6/2) iron depletions; weak fine subangular blocky barite segregations; few brown clay films along structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and bedding planes; extremely acid. medium roots; common medium pores; strongly Range in Characteristics acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Bt/E—18 to 25 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches fine sandy loam; common fine distinct yellowish Clay content in the control section: 8 to 18 percent brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic weak fine prismatic structure; slightly hard, very concentrations in shades of brown; iron friable; common medium roots; common medium depletions in shades of gray pores; few clay films; about 30 to 40 percent albic Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the material (E); very strongly acid; gradual smooth particle-size control section ranges from 15 to 30 boundary. percent E/Bt1—25 to 33 inches; light brownish gray (10YR Concentrated minerals: None 6/2) fine sandy loam; about 30 to 40 percent Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid to slightly acid; E yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) loam (Bt); weak fine horizon—strongly acid or moderately acid; Bt/E, and medium prismatic structure; slightly hard, E/Bt, and C/Bt horizons—very strongly acid or friable; common fine and medium roots; few fine strongly acid; 2C horizon—extremely acid to pores; few thin grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay strongly acid films; about 15 percent massive brittle bodies; A horizon: very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Color—dark brown, very dark grayish brown, dark E/Bt2—33 to 50 inches; light brownish gray (10YR grayish brown, or brown 6/2) loam; about 30 to 40 percent yellowish brown Redoximorphic features—none (10YR 5/6) loam (Bt); weak coarse prismatic Texture—fine sandy loam structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and Other features—none medium roots; few fine pores; few thin grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films; common dark E horizon: grayish brown crayfish burrows; very strongly Color—brown, grayish brown, pale brown, very acid; clear irregular boundary. pale brown, light gray, or light brownish gray Bt/E—50 to 57 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) clay Redoximorphic features—few or common loam; many medium prominent strong brown redoximorphic concentrations in shades of (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; brown and iron depletions in shades of gray in moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure the lower part parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, Texture—fine sandy loam or loamy very fine very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; few clay sand films; few fine and medium barite segregations; Other features—none about 5 percent albic material (E); very strongly Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E acid; gradual irregular boundary. horizons ranges from 15 to 35 inches C/Bt—57 to 63 inches; pale olive (5Y 6/3) clay loam; Bt/E and E/Bt horizons: common medium faint olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and Color—variegated dark yellowish brown, distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of yellowish brown, brownish yellow, yellow, iron accumulation (Bt); weak very coarse strong brown, reddish yellow, yellowish red, prismatic structure; hard, very firm; few fine roots; reddish pink, gray, light gray, red, or light red few dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in ped faces; few fine and medium barite shades of brown or yellow segregations; common clay cups lining crayfish Texture—fine sandy loam in the upper part; fine burrows; few concretions 2 to 3 millimeters in sandy loam, loam, or clay loam in the lower part 190 Soil Survey
Other features—streaks and pockets of albic thick continuous clay films; very strongly acid; material (E) contain less clay and occupy 20 to gradual wavy boundary. 50 percent of the volume; typically the volume Bt/C—46 to 56 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) sandy clay; increases with depth common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and few medium prominent dark red C/Bt horizon: (10R 3/6) lithochromic mottles; weak medium Color—shades of brown and olive subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in roots; red clay flows between peds; about 20 shades of brown or yellow percent horizontal gray shale fragments (C); few Texture—clay loam flakes of mica; very strongly acid; clear wavy Other features—none boundary. 2C horizon: C—56 to 74 inches; stratified red (2.5YR 5/8) Redoximorphic features—none sandstone with texture of sandy clay loam and Texture—weakly consolidated mudstone with grayish brown (10YR 5/2) shale with texture of texture of clay loam to clay; some pedons clay; massive; hard, firm; few fine roots; few flakes contain layers of sandstone of mica; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy Other features—none boundary. Range in Characteristics Kirvin Series Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Clay content in the control section: 35 to 60 percent Depth class: Deep Redoximorphic features: None Drainage class: Well drained Other distinctive soil features: Ironstone fragments Permeability: Moderately slow ranging from less than 1 inch to 3 inches across Landscape: Coastal plain the long axis cover less than 1 percent of the Landform: Uplands surface area Parent material: Clayey residuum from stratified Concentrated minerals: None sandstone and shale Reaction: A and E horizons—strongly acid to neutral; Slope range: 2 to 8 percent Bt horizon—extremely acid to strongly acid; BCt Taxonomic class: Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic (where present), Bt/C, and C horizons— Hapludults extremely acid or very strongly acid Typical Pedon A horizon (where present): Kirvin fine sandy loam, in an area of Kirvin fine sandy Color—dark brown, brown, dark grayish brown, loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; very dark grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, from Loop 304 in Crockett, 6.7 miles northwest on or yellowish brown; some pedons are yellowish Farm Road 229, 1.4 miles southwest on woods road, red 75 feet east of road: Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam, gravelly fine sandy A—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; loam, or clay loam weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; Other features—ironstone fragments ranging many fine roots; about 2 to 3 percent ironstone from less than 1 inch to 3 inches across the pebbles; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. long axis make up from 1 to 35 percent of the E—5 to 11 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine volume; in graded areas, the surface layer has sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, been removed very friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. E horizon: Bt1—11 to 23 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; Color—yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, moderate medium angular blocky structure; hard, brown, light brown, or pale brown firm; common fine roots; thick continuous clay Redoximorphic features—none films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, Bt2—23 to 46 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; common or their gravelly analogues medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) Other features—in graded areas, the horizon may lithochromic mottles; moderate medium angular have been removed blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; Houston County, Texas 191
Bt horizon: (10YR 5/3) worm casts; slightly acid; clear wavy Color—red, dark reddish brown, dark red, reddish boundary. brown, or yellowish red Bw1—15 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Redoximorphic features—none sandy clay loam; moderate medium prismatic Texture—clay, sandy clay, or clay loam structure parting to moderate medium subangular Other features—grayish, platy shale fragments blocky; hard, friable; many fine and medium roots; are in the lower part in some pedons many fine pores; few patchy faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic films on surface of prisms; BCt horizon (where present) and Bt/C horizon: common pale brown (10YR 6/3) worm casts; Color—Shades of yellow, red, or brown neutral; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Bw2—23 to 32 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) sandy Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure Other features—thin strata and fragments of parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; sandstone or shale range from none to hard, friable; many fine and medium roots; many common; few or common clay films between fine pores; few patchy faint very dark gray (10YR peds 3/1) organic films on surface of prisms; common C horizon: light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) worm casts; Color—loamy materials and sandstone strata are slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. reddish, yellowish, or brownish; shale strata Bw3—32 to 44 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y are grayish colors 6/4) sandy clay loam; moderate medium Redoximorphic features—none prismatic structure parting to moderate medium Texture—stratified, weakly consolidated subangular blocky; hard, friable; common fine sandstone and/or shale with texture of sandy and medium roots; many fine pores; few patchy clay loam to clay distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic films on Other features—a few mica flakes are present in surface of prisms; few fine calcium carbonate most pedons, typically between plates of concretions; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy shale; most pedons have a few clay flows boundary. along some vertical fractures Bk1—44 to 62 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; Kosse Series common fine roots; many fine pores; common medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Depth class: Very deep iron depletions and distinct yellowish brown Drainage class: Moderately well drained (10YR 5/4) redoximorphic concentrations; few Permeability: Moderate patchy distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) organic films Landscape: Coastal plain on surface of peds; about 20 percent calcium Landform: Flood plains carbonate concretions and masses; calcium Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and carbonate equivalent is 22 percent; common iron- stream deposits manganese masses in clusters; slightly Slope range: 0 to 1 percent effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic boundary. Fluventic Hapludolls Bk2—62 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) Typical Pedon loam; weak fine prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; hard, friable; Kosse sandy clay loam, in an area of Kosse sandy common fine roots; common fine pores; common clay loam, occasionally flooded, in a pasture; from medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Loop 304 west, 19.7 miles west on Texas Highway 21 iron depletions; few patchy distinct dark gray to 7-J Ranch gate (east of headquarters), 0.76 mile (10YR 4/1) organic films on surface of peds; northwest of gate: about 30 percent calcium carbonate concretions Ap—0 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy and masses; calcium carbonate equivalent is 28 clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky percent; common iron-manganese masses in structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and clusters; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline. medium roots; many fine pores; common brown 192 Soil Survey
Range in Characteristics Other features—none to few calcium carbonate masses and concretions; thin discontinuous Solum thickness: More than 80 inches bedding planes of loamy, clayey, and/or sandy Clay content in the control section: 20 to 35 percent materials are few or common in some pedons; Redoximorphic features: None to common iron however, they make up less than 30 percent of depletions in shades of gray and redoximorphic any subhorizon concentrations in shades of brown or yellow in the lower part of the solum Bk horizon: Other distinctive soil features: Organic carbon content Color—grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, ranges from 0.3 to 0.5 percent at a depth 50 light brownish gray, pale brown, light yellowish inches below the mineral soil surface and/or brown, brownish yellow, light gray, very pale
there is an irregular decrease in organic carbon brown, yellow, olive yellow, or pale yellow content at 20 to 50 inches deep Redoximorphic features—none to common iron Concentrated minerals: Common or many calcium depletions in shades of gray and carbonate masses and concretions redoximorphic concentrations in shades of Reaction: A or Ap and Bw horizons—slightly acid to brown slightly alkaline; Bk horizon—neutral to Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay moderately alkaline loam Other features—common or many calcium A or Ap horizon: carbonate masses and concretions Color—very dark grayish brown, very dark gray, dark brown, or very dark brown Redoximorphic features—none Koury Series Texture—sandy clay loam Other features—none Depth class: Very deep Thickness—10 to 20 inches Drainage class: Moderately well drained Permeability: Moderately slow Ab horizon (where present): Landscape: Coastal plain Color—very dark grayish brown, very dark gray, Landform: Flood plains dark brown, or very dark brown Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and Redoximorphic features—none stream deposits Texture—sandy clay loam Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Other features—buried A horizon is at 30 to 60 Taxonomic class: Coarse-silty, siliceous, thermic inches deep in some pedons Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts Upper part of the Bw horizon: Typical Pedon Color—black, brown, gray, dark gray, dark grayish brown, or dark brown Koury silt loam, in an area of Koury silt loam, Redoximorphic features—none frequently flooded, in an area of woodland; from Loop Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam 304 and Texas Highway 21 in Crockett, 7.6 miles east Other features—thin discontinuous bedding on Texas Highway 21 to Berea Community, 4.25 miles planes of loamy, clayey, and/or sandy south along Farm Road 232, 800 feet east of Farm materials are few or common in some pedons; Road 232 on logging lane, 25 feet northeast of lane: however, they make up less than 30 percent of A1—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt any subhorizon loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, Lower part of the Bw horizon: friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly Color—dark grayish brown, brown, dark yellowish acid; gradual wavy boundary. brown, grayish brown, yellowish brown, light A2—3 to 9 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt brownish gray, pale brown, light yellowish loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; brown, brownish yellow, very pale brown, slightly hard, friable; common fine and medium yellow, or olive yellow roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none to common iron Bw1—9 to 18 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; few depletions in shades of gray and fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) strippings and redoximorphic concentrations in shades of distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of brown or yellow iron accumulation; weak medium subangular Texture—sandy clay loam or clay loam blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common Houston County, Texas 193
fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual wavy brown, light olive brown, or light yellowish boundary. brown Bw2—18 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; Redoximorphic features—few or common iron dark brown (10YR 4/3) stains; few fine distinct accumulations in shades of red, yellow, or yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron brown and iron depletions in shades of gray accumulation; weak medium subangular blocky Texture—very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 0 to 2 mmhos/cm Bg—30 to 54 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; Bg horizon: common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Color—grayish brown, light brownish gray, or light masses of iron accumulation and few fine faint light gray gray (10YR 7/1) iron depletions; weak fine Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few or common redoximorphic concentrations few fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth in shades of red, yellow, or brown boundary. Texture—loam, silt loam, sandy clay loam, or clay Bw´1—54 to 62 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine loam sandy loam; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR Other features—electrical conductivity ranges 5/2) iron depletions; weak medium subangular from 0 to 2 mmhos/cm blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bw´2—62 to 80 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; Kurth Series common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and few fine distinct Depth class: Very deep light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; Drainage class: Moderately well drained weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; Permeability: Moderately slow few fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Uplands Range in Characteristics Parent material: Loamy marine sediments Slope range: 1 to 8 percent Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Clay content in the control section: 8 to 18 percent Glossudalfs Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix in the lower part of the solum with few or common Typical Pedon redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red, Kurth fine sandy loam, in an area of Kurth fine sandy yellow, or brown loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; Other distinctive soil features: None 2.5 miles east on Texas Highway 7 from Ratcliff, 1.3 Concentrated minerals: Aluminum saturation ranges miles south on U.S. Forest Service Road 562, 0.1 mile from 50 to 85 percent in the upper 40 inches; east on a lane, 0.1 mile southeast on intersecting lane, electrical conductivity ranges from 0 to 50 feet east of lane: 2 mmhos/cm throughout Reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid A—0 to 6 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine sandy throughout loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; loose, very friable; many medium and coarse roots; few A horizon: fine pores; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Color—dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark E1—6 to 11 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy yellowish brown, grayish brown, brown, loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky yellowish brown, or pale brown structure; loose, very friable; common fine roots; Redoximorphic features—none few fine pores; strongly acid; gradual wavy Texture—silt loam boundary. Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from E2—11 to 20 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) 0 to 2 mmhos/cm fine sandy loam; massive; slightly hard, very Bw and Bw´ horizons: friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few siliceous Color—dark brown, brown, dark yellowish brown, pebbles and petrified wood fragments; strongly yellowish brown, pale brown, light yellowish acid; clear wavy boundary. brown, dark grayish brown, very dark gray, olive Bt/E1—20 to 28 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) 194 Soil Survey
sandy clay loam; common medium distinct strong Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid to slightly acid; E brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few medium prominent red and Bt/E horizons—strongly acid or moderately (2.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; acid; 2Bt and 2C horizons—extremely acid to moderate fine and medium angular blocky strongly acid structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and A horizon: medium roots; few fine pores; few clay films on Color—Brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark ped faces; about 25 percent albic material (E); few grayish brown, or very dark grayish brown siliceous pebbles and petrified wood fragments; Redoximorphic features—none very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam Bt/E2—28 to 40 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Other features—none sandy clay loam; many coarse prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) redoximorphic concentrations and few E horizon: fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Color—Brown, grayish brown, light brownish gray, depletions; moderate medium angular blocky pale brown, very pale brown, yellowish brown, structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; or light yellowish brown few clay films on ped faces; about 10 percent albic Redoximorphic features—none material (E); common fine ironstone pebbles; very Texture—fine sandy loam strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Other features—none 2Bt1—40 to 49 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E clay loam; many coarse prominent dark red (2.5YR horizons ranges from 16 to 30 inches 3/6) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR Bt/E horizon: 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate Color—dark yellowish brown, yellowish brown, medium prismatic structure parting to moderate brownish yellow, yellow, strong brown, reddish medium angular blocky; hard, firm; few fine and yellow, yellowish red, or red medium roots; few fine pores; common clay films; Redoximorphic features—iron depletions and few fine ironstone pebbles; very strongly acid; accumulations gradual wavy boundary. Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam 2Bt2—49 to 65 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Other features—albic material (E) make up 10 to clay loam; many coarse prominent dark red 40 percent, but some subhorizons have 15 (2.5YR 3/6) and few fine prominent strong brown percent or more (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to 2Bt horizon: moderate medium angular blocky; hard, firm; few Color—gray, grayish brown, light brownish gray, fine and medium roots; few fine pores; few clay or light gray films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—few to many 2C—65 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red mudstone with texture of clay loam; few medium or brown distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron Texture—clay loam depletions and common medium prominent dark Other features—none red (2.5YR 3/6) redoximorphic concentrations; 2C horizon: massive; very hard, very firm; few fine and Color—shades of brown or gray with strata, medium roots on vertical faces; very strongly streaks, or masses with these colors and acid. shades of yellow or red Range in Characteristics Redoximorphic features—none Texture—weakly consolidated sandstone or Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches mudstone with texture of fine sandy loam or Clay content in the control section: 18 to 30 percent sandy clay loam or the horizon is stratified with Redoximorphic features: Iron depletions and these materials; some pedons contain layers accumulations throughout the subsoil of shale and or/siltstone Other distinctive soil features: Silt content ranges from Other features—electrical conductivity ranges 15 to 30 percent in the particle-size control section from 0.5 to 2.0 mmhos/cm Concentrated minerals: Electrical conductivity ranges from 0.5 to 2.0 mmhos/cm in the substratum Houston County, Texas 195
LaCerda Series Other distinctive soil features: Gilgai is cyclic within 8 to 15 feet with micro-highs 4 to 10 inches above 1 Depth class: Deep micro-lows; cracks /2 inch to 2 inches wide Drainage class: Moderately well drained extend to at least 40 inches deep for 60 to 90 Permeability: Very slow cumulative days during most years; common or Landscape: Coastal plain many intersecting slickensides begin at 15 to 31 Landform: Uplands inches deep Parent material: Clayey residuum from shale Concentrated minerals: None Slope range: 0 to 15 percent Reaction: A horizon—strongly acid or moderately Taxonomic class: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic acid; Bw horizon—very strongly acid to Dystruderts moderately acid; Bss horizon—strongly acid to neutral; C horizon—neutral to moderately alkaline Typical Pedon A horizon: LaCerda clay loam, in an area of LaCerda clay loam, Color—grayish brown, very dark grayish brown, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; from very dark gray, dark grayish brown, dark gray, Ratcliff, 3.8 miles north-northeast on county road to Mt. or dark brown Vernon Church, 0.8 mile east of Mt. Vernon Church on Redoximorphic features—none U.S. Forest Service Road 534, 50 feet south of road: Texture—clay loam A—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; Other features—none few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) relict mottles; Thickness—less than 1 inch on micro-knolls; as weak medium granular structure; hard, friable; much as 8 inches on micro-depressions common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; Bw horizon: abrupt wavy boundary. Color—reddish brown, red, light reddish brown, Bw—4 to 15 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) silty clay; many light red, yellowish red, reddish yellow, brown, medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) strong brown, light brown, dark yellowish relict mottles; weak medium angular blocky brown, yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, structure; hard, firm; common fine and medium or brownish yellow roots; few slickensides; few faint pressure faces; Redoximorphic features—light brownish gray, very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. grayish brown, or gray relict mottles Bss1—15 to 34 inches; variegated grayish brown Texture—clay or silty clay (10YR 5/2) and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay; weak Other features—none medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, Thickness—combined thickness of the A and Bw extremely firm; common medium roots; common horizons ranges from 15 to 31 inches slickensides; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bss horizon: Bss2—34 to 49 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) clay; many Color—reddish brown, yellowish red, light reddish medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and few brown, reddish yellow, brown, strong brown, medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) relict light brown, dark yellowish brown, yellowish mottles; weak medium angular blocky structure; brown, light yellowish brown, brownish yellow, extremely hard, extremely firm; few medium roots; olive brown, light olive brown, olive yellow, common slickensides; strongly acid; gradual wavy olive, or pale olive boundary. Redoximorphic features—gray, light grayish C—49 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) brown, grayish brown, olive gray, or light olive layered shale with clay texture; common medium gray relict mottles prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) streaks; Texture—clay or silty clay massive; very hard, very firm; neutral. Other features—intersecting slickensides Range in Characteristics C horizon: Color—reddish brown, yellowish red, light reddish Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches brown, reddish yellow, brown, strong brown, Clay content in the control section: 60 to 70 percent light brown, dark yellowish brown, yellowish Redoximorphic features: Relict mottles in shades of brown, light yellowish brown, brownish yellow, gray, brown, or olive olive brown, light olive brown, olive yellow, olive, or pale olive 196 Soil Survey
Redoximorphic features—none Texture—shale with texture of clay loam to clay Other features—none
Laneville Series
Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Permeability: Slow Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Flood plains Parent material: Loamy and clayey alluvium from river and stream deposits Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts Typical Pedon Laneville loam, in an area of Laneville loam, frequently flooded (fig. 21), in a pasture; from Ratcliff, 5.4 miles north on Farm Road 227 to Hickory Creek flood plain, 0.8 mile east of flood plain: Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; many fine and medium roots; common fine pores; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. A—5 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loam; few fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky structure; many fine and medium roots; common fine pores; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Bw1—12 to 27 inches; variegated dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; few light gray (10YR 7/2) silt coatings on ped faces; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bw2—27 to 34 inches; variegated yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; few light gray (10YR 7/1) silt coatings on ped faces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 2Bgb1—34 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine distinct yellowish Figure 21.—Profile of Laneville loam. red (5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Houston County, Texas 197
very hard, firm; common fine roots; common fine yellowish brown, dark grayish brown, brown, pores; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. grayish brown, or yellowish brown 2Bgb2—40 to 49 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in clay loam; common medium distinct yellowish shades of brown, red, and yellow range from brown (10YR 5/4) and few fine prominent red none to few (2.5YR 4/8) redoximorphic concentrations; Texture—loam moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Other features—buried A horizon is at 30 to 60 very hard, very firm; common fine roots; few fine inches deep in some pedons pores; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Bw horizon: 2Bgb3—49 to 65 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; Color—brown, dark brown, dark yellowish brown, common medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) grayish brown, pale brown, light yellowish and few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) brown, or brownish yellow redoximorphic concentrations; weak coarse Redoximorphic features—iron depletions with angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few chroma of 2 or less range from few to many; fine roots; few fine pores; few pressure faces; few some pedons have reddish redoximorphic gypsum crystals; moderately acid; gradual wavy concentrations boundary. Texture—loam, clay loam, or silty clay loam 2Bgb4—65 to 87 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; Other features—none common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; weak coarse 2Bg horizon: angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, gray, fine roots; few fine pores; few pressure faces and grayish brown, light gray, or light brownish gray intersecting slickensides; common gypsum Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with crystals; neutral. few to many redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or brown Range in Characteristics Texture—clay loam or clay Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Other features—none Clay content in the control section: 25 to 35 percent Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with few to many redoximorphic concentrations in shades of Latex Series red, yellow, or brown beginning at 30 to 50 inches Depth class: Very deep deep Drainage class: Moderately well drained Other distinctive soil features: Clayey discontinuity at Permeability: Slow 30 to 50 inches deep Landscape: Coastal plain Concentrated minerals: Iron-manganese concretions Landform: Uplands and stream terraces and masses typically range from few to 5 percent Parent material: Loamy over clayey alluvium or Reaction: A or Ap horizon—strongly acid to slightly marine sediments acid; Bw horizon—very strongly acid or strongly Slope range: 1 to 3 percent acid; 2Bg horizon—very strongly acid to Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic moderately acid; some pedons are slightly acid or Glossic Paleudalfs neutral below a depth of 60 inches Typical Pedon A or Ap horizon: Color—very dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark Latex loam, in an area of Latex loam, 1 to 3 percent yellowish brown, dark grayish brown, brown, slopes, in an area of woodland; from the intersection grayish brown, or yellowish brown of Texas Highway 7 and Farm Road 227 at Ratcliff, 1 Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in mile north on Farm Road 227, 1.75 miles north- shades of brown, red, and yellow range from northeast on county road, 0.65 mile east on logging none to few road, 200 feet north of road: Texture—loam A—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Other features—none loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; Ab horizon (where present): slightly hard, friable; many fine and medium roots; Color—very dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt1—4 to 15 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; 198 Soil Survey
strong medium subangular blocky structure; hard, 2B´t—71 to 80 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) firm; common fine and medium roots; few clay clay; common medium distinct light brownish gray films; few thin sand coatings on ped faces; 5 (2.5Y 6/2) iron depletions; weak medium percent iron-manganese masses and subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few concretions; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. fine roots; few pressure faces along peds; common Bt2—15 to 28 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay clay films; strongly acid. loam; common medium distinct light yellowish Range in Characteristics brown (10YR 6/4) and common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron Solum thickness: More than 80 inches accumulation; strong medium subangular blocky Clay content in the control section: 18 to 35 percent structure; hard, firm; common fine and medium Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic roots; few clay films; few thin sand coatings on concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or brown; ped faces; 10 percent iron-manganese masses iron depletions in shades of gray at 36 to 60 inches and concretions; strongly acid; gradual wavy deep boundary. Other distinctive soil features: Clayey discontinuity at Bt3—28 to 35 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) clay 36 to 60 inches deep loam; common medium distinct light yellowish Concentrated minerals: Iron-manganese concretions in brown (2.5Y 6/4) and prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) the subsoil masses of iron accumulation; moderate medium Reaction: A horizon—very strongly acid to moderately subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine acid; Bt, 2Bt/E, and 2B´t horizons—very strongly and medium roots; few clay films; few fine sand acid or strongly acid coatings on ped faces; 10 percent iron-manganese A horizon: masses and concretions; strongly acid; gradual Color—brown, dark brown, dark grayish brown, wavy boundary. brown, dark yellowish brown, yellowish brown, 2Bt/E1—35 to 43 inches; variegated dark red (2.5YR or grayish brown 3/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and light Redoximorphic features—none brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; moderate medium Texture—loam subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; Other features—none common fine and medium roots; common clay films; about 5 percent streaks and pockets of albic Bt horizon: material (E); 10 percent iron-manganese masses Color—yellowish brown, yellowish red, reddish and concretions; strongly acid; gradual wavy yellow, brownish yellow, brown, or strong brown boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in 2Bt/E2—43 to 56 inches; variegated reddish yellow shades of red, brown, or yellow range from (7.5YR 6/6), gray (10YR 6/1), and yellowish red none to common (5YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam blocky structure; very hard, firm; common fine Other features—streaks and pockets of albic and medium roots; common clay films; about 5 material range from 0 to 4 percent, by volume; percent streaks and pockets of albic material (E); ironstone pebbles range from 0 to 15 percent, 10 percent iron-manganese masses and by volume; however, in some pedons, spots 6 to concretions; strongly acid; irregular wavy 10 inches in diameter contain up to 35 percent boundary. pebbles 2Bt/E3—56 to 71 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay; Thickness—combined thickness of the A and Bt common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR horizons ranges from 35 to 60 inches 6/6) masses of iron accumulation and common 2Bt/E horizon: fine distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) iron Color—yellowish brown, brownish yellow, strong depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky brown, or reddish yellow (Bt); grayish brown, structure; very hard, firm; many fine and medium light brownish gray, or pale brown (E) roots; common clay films; about 7 percent Redoximorphic features—few or common iron streaks and pockets of albic material (E); 15 accumulations in shades of red, yellow, or percent iron-manganese masses and brown and iron depletions in shades of gray; or concretions; strongly acid; diffuse wavy the horizon is variegated in these colors boundary. Texture—clay loam or clay Houston County, Texas 199
Other features—albic material (E) consists of (2.5YR 4/6) relict masses of iron accumulation streaks and pockets, which make up 5 to 10 and few medium distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) percent of the horizon; ironstone pebbles range relict iron depletions; moderate medium from 0 to 15 percent, by volume; brittle red, subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; dark red, or yellowish red iron segregations few fine roots; about 5 percent plinthite; few clay make up to 25 percent of the volume films; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btv2—43 to 54 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) 2B´t horizon and 2Btg horizon (where present): sandy clay loam; common medium prominent red Color—dark red, red, light red, yellowish red, (2.5YR 4/6 and 10R 4/8) relict masses of iron reddish yellow, brownish yellow, or yellowish accumulation and light gray (10YR 7/2) relict iron brown depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky Redoximorphic features—few to many iron structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; accumulations in shades of brown or yellow about 8 percent plinthite; few clay films; very and iron depletions in shades of gray; some strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. pedons have a depleted, grayish matrix with BCt—54 to 80 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) sandy reddish, brownish, or yellowish redoximorphic clay loam; common fine distinct strong brown concentrations (7.5YR 5/8) relict masses of iron accumulation Texture—clay loam or clay with 35 to 55 percent and prominent light gray (10YR 7/2) relict iron clay depletions; moderate medium subangular blocky Other features—none structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; about 3 percent plinthite; few clay films; very Lilbert Series strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Range in Characteristics Depth class: Very deep Drainage class: Well drained Solum thickness: 60 to more than 80 inches Permeability: Moderately slow Clay content in the control section: 18 to 30 percent Landscape: Coastal plain Redoximorphic features: None to common Landform: Uplands redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red or Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments brown and iron depletions in shades of gray; iron Slope range: 2 to 5 percent depletions with chroma of 2 or less are below a Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic depth of 30 inches Plinthic Paleudults Other distinctive soil features: None Concentrated minerals: 5 to 15 percent plinthite Typical Pedon segregations at 30 to 60 inches Lilbert loamy fine sand, in an area of Lilbert loamy Reaction: Very strongly acid to moderately acid fine sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes, in an area of throughout, unless limed cropland; 4.2 miles west of Grapeland on Farm A or Ap horizon: Road 227, 1.3 miles south on Hays Springs Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish Cemetery Road, 300 feet north of road: brown, dark brown, grayish brown, or brown Ap—0 to 5 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand; Redoximorphic features—none weak medium granular structure; soft, friable; Texture—loamy fine sand many fine and medium roots; moderately acid; Other features—none clear smooth boundary. E horizon: E—5 to 27 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) loamy Color—brown, yellowish brown, light yellowish fine sand; weak fine granular structure; soft, very brown, pale brown, or very pale brown friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly Redoximorphic features—none acid; clear smooth boundary. Texture—loamy fine sand Bt—27 to 38 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sandy Other features—none clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few horizons ranges from 20 to 40 inches clay films; few fine dark brown concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt horizon: Btv1—38 to 43 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Color—strong brown, yellowish brown, brownish sandy clay loam; common medium prominent red yellow, yellowish red, or reddish yellow 200 Soil Survey
Redoximorphic features—none to common relict Crockett Loop 304, 7.5 miles east on Texas Highway iron depletions in shades of gray and iron 7 to Berea Community, 1.4 miles north on county accumulations in shades of red or brown; relict road, 1.1 miles east on intersecting county road, iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less are 1400 feet south of road: below a depth of 30 inches Ap—0 to 4 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam 3/2) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky Other features—nodular plinthite ranges from 0 to structure; soft, very friable; many very fine and 4 percent fine roots; few rounded siliceous pebbles; slightly Btv horizon and Btv/E horizon (where present): acid; clear smooth boundary. Color—shades of brown, red, or gray; or the A—4 to 11 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) horizon is variegated in these colors loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky Redoximorphic features—none structure; soft, very friable; common very fine and Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay fine roots; few rounded siliceous pebbles; loam moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. Other features—nodular plinthite makes up 5 to E—11 to 26 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine 15 percent; streaks, pockets, or coatings of sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; albic material (E) range from few to about 10 soft, very friable; common very fine and fine percent; up to 15 percent of the mass is brittle roots; about 3 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) coatings along root channels; few rounded B´t horizon (where present) and BCt horizon: siliceous pebbles; moderately acid; clear smooth Color—shades of brown, red, or gray; or the boundary. horizon is variegated in these colors Bt/E1—26 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Redoximorphic features—none sandy clay loam; few fine prominent yellowish red Texture—sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; weak loam coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate Other features—nodular plinthite makes up less medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; than 5 percent; streaks, pockets, or coatings of common very fine and fine roots; common fine albic material (E) range from few to about 5 pores; thin patchy clay films on surface of peds; percent; up to 15 percent of the mass is brittle about 7 percent albic material (E) along surface BC and C horizons (where present): of prisms and in streaks and pockets within the Color—strong brown, brownish yellow, light gray, matrix; few rounded siliceous pebbles; or gray moderately acid; clear irregular boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Bt/E2—42 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Texture—stratified loamy sediments; some fine sandy loam; common medium faint dark pedons have stratified weakly consolidated yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of iron sandstone with texture of sandy clay loam or accumulation; weak coarse prismatic structure fine sandy loam parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; Other features—none hard, firm; few very fine and fine roots; common fine pores; thin patchy clay films on surface of peds; about 18 percent albic material (E) along Lovelady Series surface of prisms and in streaks and pockets within the matrix; few rounded siliceous pebbles Depth class: Very deep and few rounded petrified wood fragments; few Drainage class: Well drained brittle masses less than 3 inches in diameter; Permeability: Moderate strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Landscape: Coastal plain 2Bt/E—50 to 62 inches; light brownish gray (10YR Landform: Uplands 6/2) sandy clay loam; many medium prominent Parent material: Loamy marine sediments dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and common medium Slope range: 1 to 8 percent distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of Taxonomic class: Loamy, mixed, thermic Arenic iron accumulation; weak coarse prismatic Glossudalfs structure parting to moderate medium subangular Typical Pedon blocky; very hard, very firm; few very fine and fine Lovelady loamy sand, in an area of Lovelady loamy roots; few fine pores; thin patchy clay films on sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes, in a pasture; from surface of peds; about 5 percent albic material Houston County, Texas 201
(E) mainly on surface of prisms; very strongly E horizon: acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—brown, yellowish brown, pale brown, light 2Bt1—62 to 70 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) yellowish brown, brownish yellow, very pale sandy clay loam; common fine and medium brown, or yellow prominent dark red (10R 3/6) and common Redoximorphic features—none medium distinct light brown (7.5YR 6/4) masses Texture—loamy sand or loamy fine sand of iron accumulation; weak medium subangular Other features—rounded siliceous pebbles and blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few rounded fragments of petrified wood, typically very fine roots; few very fine pores; few thin less than 3 inches across the long axis, range patchy clay films on surface of some peds; few from few to about 5 percent mica flakes; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. Bt/E and 2Bt/E horizons: 2Bt2—70 to 76 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) sandy Color—yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, clay loam; common medium and coarse brownish yellow, strong brown, light brown, prominent red (2.5YR 4/8, 5/6) and common reddish yellow, yellowish red, reddish brown, medium prominent dark red (10R 3/6) masses of or light reddish brown iron accumulation and common medium distinct Redoximorphic features—none light gray (2.5Y 7/2) relict iron depletions; weak Texture—sandy clay loam or fine sandy loam; coarse subangular blocky structure; extremely rounded siliceous pebbles and fragments of hard, very firm; few very fine roots; few very fine petrified wood less than 3 inches across the pores; few thin patchy clay films on surface of long axis range from few to about 5 percent some peds; few mica flakes; extremely acid; Other features—albic material (E) in the form of gradual wavy boundary. streaks and pockets make up 5 to 30 percent 2CB—76 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) of the horizon; however, some layers at least 4 sandy clay loam; common medium faint pale inches thick have at least 15 percent yellow (2.5Y 7/3) and few medium prominent dark red (10R 3/6) lithochromic mottles; angular rock- 2Bt horizon: like structure; very hard, firm; few very fine roots; Color—gray, grayish brown, light gray, light extremely acid. brownish gray, brown, or pinkish gray Redoximorphic features—none Range in Characteristics Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches Other features—rounded siliceous pebbles and Clay content in the control section: 18 to 35 percent fragments of petrified wood less than 3 inches Redoximorphic features: None across the long axis form a discontinuous Other distinctive soil features: Lithologic discontinuity stone line at the contact of the horizon marked by a discontinuous stone line at 40 to 60 2CB horizon and 2C horizon (where present): inches deep Color—shades of gray or brown Concentrated minerals: None Redoximorphic features—none Reaction: A or Ap, E, Bt/E, and 2Bt/E horizons—very Texture—sandstone with or without stratified strongly acid to slightly acid; 2Bt, 2CB, and 2C layers of mudstone and shale with texture of (where present) horizons—extremely acid to fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam strongly acid Other features—none A or Ap horizon: Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish Mollville Series brown, grayish brown, dark brown, or brown Redoximorphic features—none Depth class: Very deep Texture—loamy sand Drainage class: Poorly drained Other features—rounded siliceous pebbles and Permeability: Slow rounded fragments of petrified wood, typically Landscape: Coastal plain less than 3 inches across the long axis, range Landform: Stream terraces from few to about 5 percent; clay content Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and ranges from 2 to 6 percent; silt content ranges stream deposits from 7 to 21 percent Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic horizons ranges from 20 to 40 inches Glossaqualfs 202 Soil Survey
Typical Pedon films; few white salts; dark gray thinly banded krotovina; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Mollville loam, in an area of Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; from Range in Characteristics Loop 304 and Texas Highway 21 in Crockett, 23 miles Solum thickness: More than 80 inches east on Texas Highway 21, 4 miles south on U.S. Clay content in the control section: 20 to 35 percent Forest Service Road 511, 1 mile west of U.S. Forest Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with few to Service Road 526, 100 feet north of road: many redoximorphic concentrations in shades of A—0 to 7 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; few brown, yellow, or red throughout the subsoil fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Other distinctive soil features: None redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium Concentrated minerals: Electrical conductivity ranges granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine, from 1 to 4 mmhos/cm; exchangeable sodium medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear ranges from 2 to 12 percent throughout the subsoil wavy boundary. Reaction: A, E, and Btg/E horizons—very strongly acid Eg—7 to 14 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) to moderately acid; Btg horizon—strongly acid to loam; common fine faint yellowish brown (10YR slightly alkaline 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium A horizon: platy structure; slightly hard, friable; common Color—very dark grayish brown, dark gray, gray, medium and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear grayish brown, or dark grayish brown wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Btg/E1—14 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Texture—loam clay loam; many medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) Other features—none redoximorphic concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse angular E horizon: blocky; very hard, firm; common medium and Color—grayish brown, light gray, or light brownish coarse roots; few clay films on ped faces; about 20 gray percent streaks and pockets of albic material (E); Redoximorphic features—none very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Texture—loam Btg/E2—30 to 44 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Other features—none clay loam; common medium faint dark grayish Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E brown (10YR 4/2) redoximorphic concentrations; horizons is less than 20 inches weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak Btg/E horizon: coarse angular blocky; very hard, firm; common Color—gray, light gray, grayish brown, or light medium roots; few clay films on ped faces; about brownish gray; the exteriors of some peds are 15 percent streaks and pockets of albic material darker than these colors (E); very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with Btg/E3—44 to 52 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) few to many redoximorphic concentrations in clay loam; common medium faint dark grayish shades of brown, yellow, or red brown (10YR 4/2) iron depletions and few fine Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic (Btg) concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure Other features—albic material (E) in the form of parting to weak coarse angular blocky; very streaks or pockets make up 15 to about 35 hard, firm; common medium roots; few clay films percent of the horizon on ped faces; about 10 percent streaks and pockets of albic material (E); about 5 percent Btg horizon: iron-manganese concretions; very strongly acid; Color—gray, light gray, grayish brown, or light gradual wavy boundary. brownish gray; the exteriors of some peds are Btg—52 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) darker than these colors fine sandy loam; common medium prominent Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with few strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic to many redoximorphic concentrations in concentrations; moderate coarse prismatic shades of brown, yellow, or red; some pedons structure parting to moderate coarse angular are variegated in these colors in the lower part blocky; very hard, firm; few medium roots; few clay of the horizon Houston County, Texas 203
Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Other features—none few fine roots; common slickensides; common clay films; common gypsum crystals; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Moswell Series C—46 to 80 inches; horizontally bedded layers of light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2), strong brown Depth class: Deep (7.5YR 5/8), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Drainage class: Well drained shale with texture of clay; very hard, very firm; Permeability: Very slow very strongly acid. Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Uplands Range in Characteristics Parent material: Clayey residuum from shale Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Slope range: 1 to 15 percent Clay content in the control section: 60 to 70 percent Taxonomic class: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Redoximorphic features: None Hapludalfs Other distinctive soil features: During some months in Typical Pedon most years, the soil has cracks that extend at least 20 inches deep Moswell loam, in an area of Moswell loam, 1 to 3 Concentrated minerals: Gypsum crystals or barite percent slopes, in an area of woodland; from masses; exchangeable sodium ranges from 8 to Kennard, 4.8 miles west on Texas Highway 7, 0.7 mile 13 percent; electrical conductivity ranges from 2 south along U.S. Forest Service Road 514, 1.3 miles to 8 mmhos/cm in the lower part of the subsoil west and south along U.S. Forest Service Road 590, and in the substratum 75 feet southeast of road: Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to A—0 to 3 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moderately acid; Bt and C horizons—extremely loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; acid to strongly acid; Btssy horizon—extremely slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; acid or very strongly acid moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. A horizon: E—3 to 6 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam; weak Color—very dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, yellowish brown, dark grayish brown, grayish friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly brown, brown, or yellowish brown acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Bt1—6 to 11 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; few Texture—loam fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) relict Other features—none masses of iron accumulation; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; E horizon: common fine roots; common fine pores; few fine Color—brown, yellowish brown, pale brown, or clay films; few water-worn gravel; very strongly light yellowish brown acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Bt2—11 to 17 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) clay; Texture—loam common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) Other features—none relict iron depletions; moderate medium Bt horizon: subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Color—red or yellowish red; or the horizon is common fine roots; common clay films; few water- variegated in these colors and shades of worn gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. brown, yellow, or gray Btssy1—17 to 23 inches; variegated red (2.5YR 4/6) Redoximorphic features—none and light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay; weak Texture—clay medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, Other features—aluminum saturation ranges from very firm; common fine roots; common about 30 to 50 percent slickensides; common clay films; common gypsum crystals; very strongly acid; clear smooth Btssy horizon: boundary. Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, dark Btssy2—23 to 46 inches; light brownish gray (10YR brown, gray, grayish brown, brown, light gray, 6/2) clay; many medium prominent red (2.5YR light brownish gray, pale brown, very pale 5/8) relict masses of iron accumulation; weak fine brown, dark reddish gray, reddish brown, or 204 Soil Survey
reddish gray; or variegated in shades of gray, percent albic material (E); few thin patchy clay red, yellow, and brown films; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Btg/E2—38 to 56 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Texture—clay loam; few fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR Other features—slickensides are few or common; 6/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine gypsum and barite crystals are common or subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine many; exchangeable sodium ranges from 8 to roots; about 15 percent albic material (E); few thin 13 percent; electrical conductivity ranges from patchy clay films; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. 2 to 8 mmhos/cm B/Ct—56 to 64 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) silty clay loam C horizon: (C); weak fine subangular blocky structure; few Color—shades of olive, brown, and yellow fine roots; about 3 percent albic material; few thin Redoximorphic features—none patchy clay films; few chert pebbles; neutral; Texture—shale with texture of clay loam to clay gradual wavy boundary. Other features—some pedons have gypsum or 2C—64 to 80 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) silt barite crystals or masses; exchangeable loam; massive; hard, friable; few fine roots; sodium ranges from 8 to 13 percent; electrical slightly acid. conductivity ranges from 2 to 8 mmhos/cm Range in Characteristics Moten Series Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches Clay content in the control section: 12 to 18 percent Depth class: Very deep Redoximorphic features: Yellowish red, brownish Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained yellow, strong brown, light olive brown, or Permeability: Slow yellowish brown redoximorphic concentrations Landscape: Coastal plain range from none to many in the subsoil Landform: Stream terraces Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the Parent material: Loamy alluvium over stratified control section ranges from 30 to 55 percent mudstone, sandstone, or shale mainly from the Concentrated minerals: None Yegua Formation Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to Slope range: 0 to 2 percent moderately acid; Btg/E horizon—very strongly Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic acid to neutral; B/Ct and 2C horizons—slightly Oxyaquic Glossudalfs acid to slightly alkaline Typical Pedon A horizon: Color—very dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark Moten fine sandy loam, in an area of Moten-Multey grayish brown, or brown complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in an area of Redoximorphic features—none woodland; from Farm Road 230 at Weldon, 0.15 mile Texture—fine sandy loam south along county road, 2.3 miles south-southeast Other features—none along county road, 0.7 mile northeast along timber company road, 0.1 mile south along logging road, 50 E horizon: feet west of road: Color—grayish brown or light brownish gray Redoximorphic features—none A—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam; weak fine granular structure; hard, friable; loam, or silt loam common fine and medium roots; strongly acid; Other features—none clear smooth boundary. Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E E—4 to 23 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine horizons ranges from 20 to 35 inches sandy loam; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and brown (10YR 5/3) masses; Btg/E horizon: massive; hard, friable; common fine roots; Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, grayish strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. brown, gray, light gray, or light brownish gray Btg/E1—23 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) (Bt) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky Redoximorphic features—yellowish red, brownish structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; about 15 yellow, strong brown, light olive brown, or Houston County, Texas 205
yellowish brown iron accumulations range from E1—5 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy none to many loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; gradual Other features—streaks and pockets of albic wavy boundary. material (E) make up 5 to 35 percent of the E2—14 to 22 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine horizon; however, at least one layer has 15 sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly percent or more hard, friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. B/Ct horizon: E/Bt1—22 to 29 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, grayish loam; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loam (Bt); weak brown, gray, light gray, or light brownish gray fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, (B); shades of brown or olive (C) friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few Redoximorphic features—yellowish red, brownish pressures faces; few fine faint pale brown (10YR yellow, strong brown, light olive brown, or 6/3) glossic features; strongly acid; gradual wavy yellowish brown iron accumulations range from boundary. none to many E/Bt2—29 to 39 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine Texture—fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam (B); sandy loam; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loam clay loam or silty clay loam (C) (Bt); weak fine subangular blocky structure; Other features—streaks and pockets of albic slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; material (E) make up to 5 percent of the few pressure faces; few fine faint light brownish horizon gray (10YR 6/2) glossic features; strongly acid; 2C horizon: gradual wavy boundary. Color—light olive brown or grayish brown Bt/E1—39 to 48 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Redoximorphic features—none loam; few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Texture—stratified mudstone or sandstone with relict iron depletions; weak medium subangular texture ranging from fine sandy loam or silt blocky structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few loam to clay loam; shale with texture of clay is fine pores; few clay films on ped faces; about 20 encountered in some pedons percent streaks and pockets of albic material (E); Other features—none strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Bt/E2—48 to 52 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) loam; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown Multey Series (10YR 4/6) relict masses of iron accumulation and few fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Depth class: Very deep relict iron depletions; weak fine subangular blocky Drainage class: Well drained structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine Permeability: Moderate pores; few clay films on ped faces; about 15 Landscape: Coastal plain percent streaks and pockets of albic material (E); Landform: Mounded stream terraces strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Parent material: Wind-reworked alluvium from river Bt/E3—52 to 57 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and stream deposits loam; common medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/8) Slope range: 0 to 2 percent relict masses of iron accumulation; moderate Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic medium subangular blocky structure; hard, Typic Glossudalfs friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; few clay Typical Pedon films on ped faces; about 10 percent streaks and pockets of albic material (E); very strongly acid; Multey fine sandy loam, in an area of Moten-Multey clear wavy boundary. complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in a pasture; from BC—57 to 62 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very Texas Highway 19 in Lovelady, 4.8 miles west on fine sandy loam; few medium prominent brownish Farm Road 1280, 0.8 mile south on farm lane, 300 yellow (10YR 6/8) relict masses of iron feet west of lane: accumulation; weak fine subangular blocky Ap—0 to 5 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) fine structure; hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; soft, pores; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. very friable; common fine and medium roots; C—62 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) and strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. 206 Soil Survey
grayish brown (10YR 5/2) stratified fine sandy brown, reddish yellow, very dark gray, very loam; massive; hard, friable; very strongly acid. dark grayish brown, dark gray, or dark grayish brown (Bt); gray, grayish brown, brown, light Range in Characteristics gray, light brownish gray, or pale brown (E) Solum thickness: More than 60 inches Redoximorphic features—red, light red, yellowish Clay content in the control section: 10 to 18 percent red, or reddish yellow relict masses of iron Redoximorphic features: Light red, yellowish red, or accumulation are on interiors of peds; relict reddish yellow relict masses of iron accumulation iron depletions in shades of gray are few or and relict iron depletions in shades of gray are in common the subsoil Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the or sandy clay loam (Bt); very fine sandy loam control section is more than 20 percent or fine sandy loam (E) Concentrated minerals: None Other features—none Reaction: A or Ap horizon—strongly acid to slightly BC and C horizons: acid; E horizon—very strongly acid or strongly Color—dark grayish brown, dark brown, grayish acid; E/Bt and Bt/E horizons—very strongly acid brown, brown, light brownish gray, or pale to moderately acid; BC and C horizons—very brown strongly acid to moderately alkaline Redoximorphic features—none A or Ap horizon: Texture—stratified very fine sandy loam, fine Color—very dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark sandy loam, loam, or sandy clay loam grayish brown, grayish brown, or brown Other features—electrical conductivity typically Redoximorphic features—none exceeds 1 mmho/cm; in some places, ranges Texture—fine sandy loam from 1 to 4 mmhos/cm Other features—none E horizon: Naclina Series Color—grayish brown, brown, light brownish gray, or pale brown Depth class: Deep Redoximorphic features—yellowish brown or Drainage class: Well drained brownish yellow relict masses of iron Permeability: Very slow accumulation are in the lower part in some Landscape: Coastal plain pedons Landform: Uplands Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, Parent material: Clayey residuum from shale or loam Slope range: 15 to 35 percent Other features—none Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E Hapluderts horizons ranges from 20 to 36 inches Typical Pedon E/Bt horizon: Naclina clay loam, in an area of Naclina clay loam, 15 Color—gray, grayish brown, brown, light gray, to 35 percent slopes, eroded, in a pasture; from the light brownish gray, or pale brown (E); intersection of Farm Road 132 and Farm Road 2967 yellowish brown, brownish yellow, strong in Porter Springs, 7.1 miles west to Lazy P Ranch, brown, or reddish yellow (Bt) 0.5 mile north to headquarters, 3.5 miles north- Redoximorphic features—red, light red, yellowish northwest along main ranch road to fork at the barns, red, or reddish yellow relict masses of iron 400 feet west of fork on a slope: accumulation are on interiors of peds; relict Ap—0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR iron depletions in shades of gray are few or 3/2) clay loam; weak fine subangular blocky common structure; hard, firm; common fine and few Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, medium roots; few water-worn pebbles; slightly or loam (Bt); very fine sandy loam or fine acid; gradual wavy boundary. sandy loam (E) Bw—3 to 9 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common fine Other features—none distinct dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) relict masses of Bt/E horizon: iron accumulation; moderate medium angular Color—yellowish brown, brownish yellow, strong blocky structure; very hard, very firm; common Houston County, Texas 207
fine and medium roots; few pressure faces; Bw horizon: strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—reddish brown, red, yellowish red, or strong Bss1—9 to 16 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) clay; brown common fine faint brown (7.5YR 5/4) relict Redoximorphic features—gray, light brownish gray, masses of iron accumulation; moderate medium or grayish brown relict iron depletions angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few Texture—clay fine roots; common slickensides; strongly acid; Other features—none gradual wavy boundary. Thickness—combined thickness of the A and Bw Bss2—16 to 29 inches; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) horizons ranges from 10 to 24 inches clay; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) Bss horizon: relict masses of iron accumulation; moderate Color—reddish brown, red, yellowish red, or strong medium angular blocky structure; very hard, very brown firm; common slickensides; slightly acid; gradual Redoximorphic features—gray, light brownish gray, wavy boundary. or grayish brown relict iron depletions Bkss—29 to 41 inches; variegated grayish brown Texture—clay (2.5Y 5/2), yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), and Other features—few or common slickensides brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay; weak fine angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Bkss horizon: common slickensides; few pitted calcium Color—light olive brown, olive brown, olive, or carbonate concretions; slightly alkaline; very olive yellow slightly effervescent; abrupt smooth boundary. Redoximorphic features—brown, pale brown, light C—41 to 80 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/4, 4/2) shale brownish gray, grayish brown, olive, gray, olive with texture of clay; coatings of yellowish brown gray, light olive gray, or pale olive relict iron (10YR 5/8) material on platy structure faces; depletions slightly alkaline. Texture—clay Other features—few or common slickensides Range in Characteristics C horizon: Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Color—shades of gray or brown Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent Redoximorphic features—none Redoximorphic features: Relict iron depletions in Texture—shale with texture of clay shades of gray, brown, or olive are in the subsoil Other features—none Other distinctive soil features: Gilgai is cyclic within 8 to 15 feet; cracks 1 inch to 3 inches wide extend from the surface to a depth of more than 40 Naconiche Series inches and are open for 60 to 90 cumulative days Depth class: Very deep during most years; slickensides are at 10 to 24 Drainage class: Very poorly drained inches deep Permeability: Moderately rapid Concentrated minerals: Calcareous material is at 10 Landscape: Coastal plain to 40 inches deep Landform: Flood plains Reaction: A or Ap, Bw, and Bss horizons—strongly Parent material: Sandy and loamy alluvium from river acid to neutral; Bkss horizon—neutral to and stream deposits moderately alkaline; C horizon—slightly alkaline Slope range: 0 to 2 percent or moderately alkaline Taxonomic class: Sandy, siliceous, thermic Cumulic A or Ap horizon: Humaquepts Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish Typical Pedon brown, dark brown, brown, dark reddish gray, reddish gray, or reddish brown Naconiche mucky sandy loam, in an area of Naconiche Redoximorphic features—none to few relict iron mucky sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes, in an area of depletions in the lower part woodland; from Loop 304 in Crockett, 7.8 miles Texture—clay loam northeast on Farm Road 2022, 3.4 miles east on county Other features—none road, 2.1 miles northeast on U.S. Forest Service Road Thickness—less than 12 inches 544, 0.25 mile south on U.S. Forest Service boundary lane, 150 feet east on logging road to drainage area: 208 Soil Survey
A1—0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky sandy Cg horizon: loam; massive; few fine gray (10YR 6/1) spots of Color—gray, grayish brown, light gray, light sand; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; about brownish gray, or white 15 percent decomposing leaves and roots; very Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with few strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. or common redoximorphic concentrations in A2—8 to 14 inches; black (10YR 2/1) mucky sandy shades of brown or yellow loam; single grained; common fine and medium Texture—Sand or fine sand roots; about 10 percent decomposing leaves and Other features—none roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Ab horizon (where present): A3—14 to 25 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine Color—black, very dark brown, dark brown, very sand; single grained; common medium dark gray dark gray, or very dark grayish brown (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 6/1) spots of sand; few Redoximorphic features—none fine roots; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Texture—sandy loam or loamy fine sand Cg1—25 to 38 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sand; Other features—black, white, gray, or brown single grained; common medium very dark gray streaks and spots range from none to common (10YR 3/1) and gray (10YR 6/1) spots of sand; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Cg2—38 to 49 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sand; Nahatche Series single grained; common medium white (10YR 8/1) spots of sand; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual Depth class: Very deep wavy boundary. Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Cg3—49 to 55 inches; light gray (10YR 6/1) fine sand; Permeability: Moderate single grained; common medium white (10YR 8/1) Landscape: Coastal plain spots of sand; few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual Landform: Flood plains wavy boundary. Parent material: Stratified loamy alluvium from river Cg4—55 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and stream deposits fine sand; few fine white (10YR 8/1) spots of sand; Slope range: 0 to 1 percent few fine roots; strongly acid. Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, nonacid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquents Range in Characteristics Typical Pedon Solum thickness: More than 24 inches Clay content in the control section: 2 to 12 percent Nahatche loam, in an area of Nahatche loam, Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with few or frequently flooded, in a pasture; 1.6 miles northeast of common redoximorphic concentrations in shades Mapleton on Texas Highway 21, 0.45 mile south along of brown or yellow farm lane on Lundy Ranch, 400 feet west of lane: Other distinctive soil features: Organic matter content Ap—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) ranges from 2 to 15 percent within 16 inches loam; common fine prominent dark brown (7.5YR deep 3/4) and few fine prominent gray (7.5YR 5/0) Concentrated minerals: Iron-manganese concretions stains; weak fine subangular blocky structure; and masses range from none to few slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; Reaction: Extremely acid to strongly acid throughout moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. A horizon: A—5 to 9 inches; variegated dark grayish brown Color—black, very dark brown, dark brown, very (10YR 4/2), brown (10YR 5/3), dark brown dark gray, or very dark grayish brown (7.5YR 3/3), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine Redoximorphic features—none sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky Texture—mucky sandy loam in the upper part; structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; loamy fine sand in the lower part moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Other features—streaks and spots of black, Bg1—9 to 24 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) white, gray, or brown range from none to clay loam; common fine distinct dark yellowish common brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Thickness—more than 24 inches moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common fine roots; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. Houston County, Texas 209
Bg2—24 to 40 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Upper part of the Bg horizon: clay loam; common fine prominent yellowish Color—dark grayish brown, grayish brown, dark brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations gray, very dark gray, gray, and light brownish and distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) iron depletions; gray moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with firm; few fine roots; few iron-manganese few to many redoximorphic concentrations in concretions; slightly acid; gradual smooth shades of brown and yellow boundary. Texture—loam, silty clay loam, or clay loam; thin Bg3—40 to 54 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/1) strata of sandier textures are common loam; common medium prominent yellowish Other features—none brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; Lower part of the Bg horizon: moderate fine subangular blocky structure; Color—dark gray, gray, or light gray slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few iron- Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with manganese concretions; few streaks of light gray few to many redoximorphic concentrations in (10YR 7/2) clean sand on ped faces; slightly acid; shades of brown and yellow gradual smooth boundary. Texture—stratified loam, silty clay loam, or clay Ab1—54 to 69 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay loam; thin strata of sandier textures are loam; common medium prominent dark yellowish common brown (10YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Other features—none weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few iron-manganese Ab horizon: concretions; few streaks of light gray (10YR 7/2) Color—brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark clean sand on ped faces; neutral; gradual wavy grayish brown, or very dark grayish brown boundary. Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in Ab2—69 to 80 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay shades of brown; iron depletions in shades of loam; common medium distinct dark yellowish gray brown (10YR 3/4) redoximorphic concentrations; Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, silty clay loam firm; few fine roots; few lenses of clean sand Other features—buried A horizon is below 30 along ped faces; few iron-manganese inches deep in some pedons concretions; neutral. Range in Characteristics Ozias Series Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Depth class: Very deep Clay content in the control section: 18 to 35 percent Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with few to Permeability: Very slow many redoximorphic concentrations in shades of Landscape: Coastal plain brown and yellow throughout the subsoil Landform: Flood plains Other distinctive soil features: Organic carbon Parent material: Acid, clayey alluvium from river and distribution is irregular throughout the solum or stream deposits more than 0.2 percent at 50 inches deep Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Concentrated minerals: None Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Aeric Reaction: Moderately acid through slightly alkaline Dystraquerts throughout; however, reaction is strongly acid in some subhorizons Typical Pedon A or Ap horizon: Ozias silty clay loam, in an area of Ozias-Pophers Color—brown, dark brown, grayish brown, dark complex, frequently flooded, in an area of woodland; grayish brown, or very dark grayish brown from Farm Road 227 in Ratcliff, 5.9 miles east on Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in Texas Highway 7, 4.9 miles northwest on U.S. Forest shades of brown; iron depletions in shades of Service Road 511-1, 1.7 miles east on county road, gray 1.8 miles east-northeast on paper company road: Texture—loam A—0 to 5 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty Other features—none clay loam; common fine distinct strong brown 210 Soil Survey
(7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; structure; very hard, very firm; few fine and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very medium roots; few fine pores; common hard, firm; many fine and medium roots; common slickensides; common yellowish red (5YR 4/6) root fine and medium pores; very strongly acid; clear stains; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. wavy boundary. Bssg5—75 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; Bg1—5 to 15 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR clay; common medium prominent yellowish brown 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very fine and medium roots; few fine pores; common hard, firm; common fine and few medium roots; slickensides; common yellowish red (5YR 4/6) root common fine and medium pores; few pressure stains; very strongly acid. faces; common yellowish red (5YR 4/6) root Range in Characteristics stains; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Bg2—15 to 28 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty Clay content in the control section: 35 to 60 percent clay; common medium prominent yellowish brown Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix with none to (10YR 5/6) and few medium prominent strong common redoximorphic concentrations in shades brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; of red, yellow, and brown throughout the subsoil moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the control hard, very firm; common fine and few medium section is more than 40 percent; gilgai microrelief; 1 roots; common fine and medium pores; few cracks /4 inch to 2 inches wide extend to more slickensides; common yellowish red (5YR 4/6) than 40 inches and are open for 60 to 90 root stains; very strongly acid; gradual wavy cumulative days during most years; intersecting boundary. slickensides begin at 20 to 35 inches deep Bssg1—28 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Concentrated minerals: Crystals of gypsum and other silty clay; common medium prominent strong salts range from none to common in the Bss brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few fine prominent strong horizon brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; Reaction: A and Bg horizons—extremely acid or very moderate fine angular blocky structure; very hard, strongly acid; Bssg horizon—extremely acid to very firm; common fine and few medium roots; slightly alkaline common fine pores; common slickensides; A horizon: common yellowish red (5YR 4/6) root stains; very Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. brown, dark brown, grayish brown, or brown Bssg2—40 to 47 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; Redoximorphic features—none common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR Texture—silty clay loam 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine Other features—electrical conductivity ranges angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few from 0 to 4 mmhos/cm fine and medium roots; common fine pores; Thickness—less than 6 inches thick where color common slickensides; common yellowish red is dark brown, very dark grayish brown, or dark (5YR 4/6) root stains; very strongly acid; gradual grayish brown wavy boundary. Bssg3—47 to 63 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; Bg horizon: common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR Color—dark grayish brown, grayish brown, brown, 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate fine dark gray, gray, light gray, or light brownish gray angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with fine and medium roots; few fine pores; common none to common redoximorphic concentrations slickensides; common yellowish red (5YR 4/6) in shades of red, yellow, and brown root stains; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or boundary. clay Bssg4—63 to 75 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay; Other features—electrical conductivity ranges from common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 0 to 4 mmhos/cm 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and few Bssg horizon: medium faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron Color—dark grayish brown, grayish brown, brown, depletions; moderate fine angular blocky dark gray, gray, light gray, or light brownish gray Houston County, Texas 211
Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with Bt/E2—24 to 38 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) none to common redoximorphic concentrations loam; common medium distinct grayish brown in shades of red, yellow, and brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; weak coarse prismatic Texture—clay, silty clay loam or silty clay structure parting to moderate fine subangular Other features—electrical conductivity ranges blocky; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; from 4 to 16 mmhos/cm; crystals of gypsum few fine pores; few patchy clay films; about 20 and other salts range from none to common percent albic material (E) along surface of prisms and in streaks and pockets within the matrix; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Penning Series Bt/E3—38 to 50 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sandy clay loam; few fine prominent yellowish red Depth class: Deep (5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak Drainage class: Moderately well drained coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate Permeability: Moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, firm; few fine Landscape: Coastal plain roots; few fine pores; few patchy clay films; about Landform: Uplands 15 percent albic material (E) along surface of Parent material: Loamy marine sediments prisms and in streaks and pockets within the Slope range: 0 to 4 percent matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Bt/E4—50 to 56 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Glossudalfs sandy clay loam; common fine distinct brownish Typical Pedon yellow (10YR 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to Penning very fine sandy loam, in an area of Penning moderate fine subangular blocky; hard, firm; few very fine sandy loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes, in an fine roots; few fine pores; common thin clay films area of woodland; from Texas Highway 7 in Kennard, on surface of prisms; about 15 percent albic 3.5 miles south on Farm Road 2781, 200 feet west to material (E) on surface of prisms and in streaks a point 50 feet north of a drainage channel: and pockets within the matrix; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. A—0 to 4 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) very fine sandy 2C—56 to 70 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loam; few fine faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) shale with texture of clay; few fine faint grayish redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine granular brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; angular rock- structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and like structure; few fine roots; neutral. medium roots; common fine pores; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. Range in Characteristics E1—4 to 9 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very fine sandy Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches loam; few fine faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) Clay content in the control section: 18 to 25 percent redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine granular Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; concentrations in shades of brown, yellow, or red common fine pores; strongly acid; gradual wavy and iron depletions in shades of gray are in the boundary. subsurface and subsoil layers E2—9 to 19 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very fine Other distinctive soil features: Silt content in the sandy loam; few fine faint brownish yellow (10YR control section ranges from 30 to 45 percent 6/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine Concentrated minerals: Electrical conductivity ranges granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common from 0 to 4 mmhos/cm in the subsoil fine roots; common fine pores; strongly acid; Reaction: A and E horizons—very strongly acid to gradual wavy boundary. moderately acid; Bt/E horizon—very strongly acid Bt/E1—19 to 24 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) to slightly acid; 2C horizon—very strongly acid to fine sandy loam; common fine distinct grayish neutral brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine subangular A horizon: blocky; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; Color—very dark gray, very dark grayish brown, common fine pores; few patchy clay films; about dark brown, dark gray, dark grayish brown, or 15 percent albic material (E) on surface of prisms brown and in streaks and pockets within the matrix; Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. shades of brown or yellow 212 Soil Survey
Texture—very fine sandy loam Slope range: 0 to 1 percent Other features—none Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, thermic Aeric Epiaqualfs E horizon: Typical Pedon Color—grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, Percilla clay loam, in an area of Percilla clay loam, 0 to light brownish gray, pale brown, or light 1 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; from the yellowish brown intersection of Loop 304 and Farm Road 2022, 5.1 Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in miles north on Farm Road 2022, about 400 feet east of shades of brown or yellow; iron depletions in Farm Road 2022 in a depressional area: shades of gray Texture—very fine sandy loam or loam A—0 to 4 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; Other features—none few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations and distinct very dark Bt/E horizon: grayish brown (10YR 3/2) stains; weak fine Color—grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common light brownish gray, pale brown, light yellowish fine and medium roots; strongly acid; clear wavy brown, brownish yellow, strong brown, pinkish boundary. gray, light brown, or reddish yellow Btg1—4 to 18 inches; dominantly variegated light Redoximorphic features—few or common iron brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and yellowish brown accumulations in shades of brown, yellow, or (10YR 5/8) clay; moderate fine subangular blocky red; iron depletions in shades of gray structure; very hard, firm; common fine roots; few Texture—very fine sandy loam, loam, or sandy patchy clay films; strongly acid; gradual wavy clay loam boundary. Other features—electrical conductivity ranges Btg2—18 to 26 inches; dominantly variegated light from 0 to 4 mmhos/cm and typically increases brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and strong brown with depth; albic material (E) makes up 5 to 25 (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular percent; however, some parts of the horizon 4 blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; inches or more thick contain 15 percent or few patchy clay films; very strongly acid; gradual more albic material wavy boundary. 2C horizon: Btg3—26 to 39 inches; dominantly variegated light Color—grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and strong brown light brownish gray, pale brown, light yellowish (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular brown, brownish yellow, light gray, very pale blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; brown, yellow, light olive brown, olive brown, few patchy clay films; few iron-manganese pale yellow, olive gray, olive, light olive gray, concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy pale olive, or olive yellow boundary. Redoximorphic features—none Btg4—39 to 51 inches; dominantly variegated light Texture—mainly clay, but some pedons are clay gray (10YR 6/1) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loam clay; moderate medium subangular blocky Other features—shale, mudstone, or stratified structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; few layers with strata of siltstone and sandstone in patchy clay films; few iron-manganese some pedons; electrical conductivity ranges concretions; very strongly acid; gradual wavy from 2 to 8 mmhos/cm boundary. Btg5—51 to 75 inches; dominantly variegated light gray (10YR 6/1), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and Percilla Series yellow (10YR 7/8) clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; Depth class: Very deep few patchy clay films; very strongly acid; gradual Drainage class: Poorly drained wavy boundary. Permeability: Very slow C—75 to 83 inches; variegated strong brown (7.5YR Landscape: Coastal plain 5/6), yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), and light olive Landform: Uplands brown (2.5Y 5/6) stratified weathered glauconitic Parent material: Clayey marine sediments that are material with texture of loam; massive; very hard, high in glauconite firm; 5 percent ironstone fragments; 5 percent pseudomorphic fossils; neutral. Houston County, Texas 213
Range in Characteristics frequently flooded, in an area of woodland; from Loop 304, 8.5 miles west on U.S. Highway 287 to Shady Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches Grove Baptist Church, 0.8 mile south on county road to Clay content in the control section: 35 to 50 percent McLean property, 0.4 mile east and southeast on farm Redoximorphic features: Depleted matrix variegated lane to farmstead, 1.25 miles south-southeast on lane with red, dark red, yellowish brown, yellowish red, to bridge in the edge of woods, 0.15 mile southeast of strong brown, or olive brown redoximorphic bridge along lane, 20 feet northeast of lane near concentrations throughout the subsoil tributary channel: Other distinctive soil features: None Concentrated minerals: None A1—0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt Reaction: A and Btg horizons—very strongly acid to loam; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) slightly acid; C horizon—moderately acid to redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine neutral subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; many roots of all sizes; strongly acid; clear wavy A horizon: boundary. Color—brown, dark brown, very dark grayish A2—4 to 10 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) brown, or dark grayish brown silty clay loam; few fine distinct strong brown Redoximorphic features—masses of iron (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; weak accumulation in shades of brown fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; Texture—clay loam common fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy Other features—none boundary. Btg horizon: AB—10 to 16 inches; grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty Color—dark gray, grayish brown, dark grayish clay loam; common fine faint dark grayish brown brown, or light brownish gray (10YR 4/2) iron depletions; moderate fine Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common variegated with red, dark red, yellowish brown, fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. yellowish red, strong brown, or olive brown Bg1—16 to 23 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) redoximorphic concentrations silty clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown Texture—clay loam or clay (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations and faint Other features—none gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; C horizon: common fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy Color—yellowish brown, strong brown, or light boundary. olive brown Bg2—23 to 30 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty Redoximorphic features—none clay loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR Texture—weathered glauconitic material with 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate texture of stratified fine sandy loam, loam, medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay firm; common fine roots; very strongly acid; clear Other features—none wavy boundary. Bg3—30 to 49 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty Pophers Series clay loam; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) redoximorphic concentrations; Depth class: Very deep moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained very hard, firm; few fine and medium roots; very Permeability: Moderately slow strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Landscape: Coastal plain Bg4—49 to 61 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty Landform: Flood plains clay loam; few medium distinct light gray (10YR Parent material: Loamy and silty alluvium from river 7/1) iron depletions; moderate medium subangular and stream deposits blocky structure; very hard, firm; few fine roots; Slope range: 0 to 1 percent very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. Taxonomic class: Fine-silty, siliceous, acid, thermic Bg5—61 to 82 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) Aeric Fluvaquents silty clay loam; few medium faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) stains; moderate medium Typical Pedon subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; few Pophers silt loam, in an area of Pophers silt loam, fine roots; very strongly acid. 214 Soil Survey
Range in Characteristics Portersprings Series Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Depth class: Very deep Clay content in the control section: 20 to 35 percent Drainage class: Well drained Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic Permeability: Moderate concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or brown Landscape: Coastal plain and iron depletions in shades of gray are Landform: Low stream terraces throughout the solum Parent material: Loamy alkaline alluvial sediments or Other distinctive soil features: Some pedons have recent drape over residuum from the Deweyville buried A or B horizons Formation Concentrated minerals: Crystals of gypsum and other Slope range: 0 to 1 percent salts range from none to common; electrical Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic conductivity ranges from 4 to 16 mmhos/cm in Argiudolls the lower part of the subsoil Reaction: A horizon—extremely acid to moderately Typical Pedon acid; Bg horizon—extremely acid to strongly acid Portersprings fine sandy loam, in an area of A horizon: Portersprings fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes Color—very dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark (fig. 22), in a pasture; southwest of Mapleton on grayish brown, brown, or grayish brown Texas Highway 21, 1.4 miles to Farm Road 2498, 3.8 Redoximorphic features—common reddish brown miles west to the entrance of Rattle Snake Ranch, 1.3 and strong brown redoximorphic miles south-southwest on ranch road, 300 feet north concentrations; light brownish gray and grayish of lane: brown iron depletions Ap—0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR Texture—silt loam or silty clay loam 3/2) fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; Other features—electrical conductivity ranges weak medium granular structure; hard, friable; from 0 to 4 mmhos/cm many fine roots; very strongly acid; gradual Upper part of the Bg horizon: smooth boundary. Color—dark grayish brown, grayish brown, light A—9 to 16 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR brownish gray, and light gray 3/2) fine sandy loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; Redoximorphic features—few to many reddish few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) brown, red, light reddish brown, light red, masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse yellowish red, reddish yellow, dark brown, light prismatic structure parting to moderate fine brown, strong brown, dark yellowish brown, subangular blocky; hard, friable; common fine yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, and medium roots; common medium dark brownish yellow, or brown redoximorphic yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) worm casts; few concentrations pressure faces; very strongly acid; clear smooth Texture—silty clay loam, silt loam, or loam boundary. Other features—electrical conductivity ranges Bt1—16 to 22 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) from about 0.5 to 8.0 mmhos/cm sandy clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Lower part of the Bg horizon: masses of iron accumulation; moderate coarse Color—very dark gray, dark brown, very dark prismatic structure parting to moderate fine grayish brown, dark gray, dark grayish brown, subangular blocky; hard, friable; common fine brown, gray, grayish brown, light gray, light roots; common fine pores; common very dark brownish gray, pale brown, dark olive gray, grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on ped faces; olive gray, olive, light olive gray, or pale olive few fine iron-manganese concretions; very Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. shades of red, yellow, and brown range from Bt2—22 to 29 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR few to many 4/6) sandy clay loam; common fine distinct strong Texture—silty clay loam, clay loam or silty clay brown (7.5YR 5/8) and few fine prominent red Other features—crystals of gypsum and other (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; salts range from none to common; electrical moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to conductivity ranges from 4 to 16 mmhos/cm weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; many Houston County, Texas 215
continuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on ped faces; few iron-manganese concretions; common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt3—29 to 42 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) fine sandy loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; common thin patchy dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on ped faces; common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains; few iron- manganese concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. BCt1—42 to 51 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; common thin patchy clay films on ped faces; few iron- manganese concretions; few barite segregations; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. BCt2—51 to 58 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) loamy fine sand; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; few thin patchy clay films on ped faces; few iron-manganese concretions; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. BCt3—58 to 72 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) loamy fine sand; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; few thin patchy clay films on ped faces; common fine patches of very pale brown (10YR 7/4) uncoated clean sand; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. 2C—72 to 87 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine sand; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation; single grained; loose, very friable; common fine roots; slightly alkaline.
Range in Characteristics Solum thickness: 60 to 80 inches Clay content in the control section: 20 to 35 percent Figure 22.—Profile of Portersprings fine sandy loam. Redoximorphic features: None 216 Soil Survey
Other distinctive soil features: None Landform: Uplands Concentrated minerals: Concretions or films and Parent material: Sandy and loamy marine sediments threads of calcium carbonate range from 0 to less Slope range: 0 to 4 percent than 5 percent in the lower part of the profile Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Reaction: A or Ap horizon—very strongly acid to Plinthaquic Paleudults neutral; Bt, BCt, and 2C horizons—very strongly Typical Pedon acid to slightly alkaline Rentzel loamy fine sand, in an area of Rentzel loamy A or Ap horizon: fine sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes, in an area of Color—very dark brown, dark brown, or very dark woodland; 1.4 miles west of Grapeland on Farm grayish brown Road 227 to Hays Spring Cemetery, 1.1 miles south Redoximorphic features—none and southwest, 300 feet northwest of road: Texture—fine sandy loam Other features—none A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine Thickness—10 to 23 inches sand; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; common fine roots; moderately acid; clear Upper part of the Bt horizon: wavy boundary. Color—dark grayish brown, dark brown, dark E—6 to 26 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy yellowish brown, brown, or yellowish brown fine sand; weak fine granular structure; soft, very Redoximorphic features—none friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; gradual Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam wavy boundary. Other features—none Bt1—26 to 40 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 6/8) Lower part of the Bt horizon: sandy clay loam; common medium distinct Color—yellowish brown, brown, strong brown, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions and light brown, light yellowish brown, brownish prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) yellow, reddish yellow, very pale brown, pink, redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium or yellow subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine Redoximorphic features—none roots; few patchy clay films on ped faces; very Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. or clay loam Bt2—40 to 50 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) Other features—none sandy clay loam; many medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions and BCt horizon: common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR Color—Variegated in shades of brown and yellow 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate Redoximorphic features—none medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; Texture—loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, loam, few fine roots; about 2 percent, by volume, or sandy clay loam plinthite; common clay films on ped faces; very Other features—none strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. 2C horizon: Btv—50 to 59 inches; variegated light brownish gray Color—grayish brown, brown, yellowish brown, (10YR 6/2), pale brown (10YR 6/3), strong brown strong brown, light brownish gray, pinkish gray, (7.5YR 5/8), and yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy light yellowish brown, light brown, brownish clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky yellow, reddish yellow, light gray, pale yellow, structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; about 5 pink, or yellow percent, by volume, plinthite; few fine iron- Redoximorphic features—none manganese concretions; common clay films on Texture—fine sand ped faces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Other features—none boundary. BCt—59 to 80 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) fine sandy loam; few fine prominent gray (10YR Rentzel Series 6/1) iron depletions and few medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) redoximorphic Depth class: Very deep concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky Drainage class: Moderately well drained structure; slightly hard, friable; about 2 percent, Permeability: Moderately slow by volume, plinthite; common clay films on ped Landscape: Coastal plain faces; very strongly acid. Houston County, Texas 217
Range in Characteristics Other features—5 to 15 percent, by volume, nodular plinthite segregations; streaks, Solum thickness: More than 80 inches pockets, or coatings of albic material on peds Clay content in the control section: 15 to 35 percent range from few to 15 percent, by volume; brittle Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic masses make up to 15 percent of the volume concentrations in shades of red, brown, or yellow; grayish brown and light brownish gray iron BCt horizon: depletions are at 20 to 40 inches deep Color—variegated in shades of brown, red, and Other distinctive soil features: Dry in some parts of gray the moisture control section in most years for 75 Redoximorphic features—few or common iron to 90 days accumulations in shades of brown or red and Concentrated minerals: More than 5 percent plinthite iron depletions in shades of gray at 30 to 60 inches deep Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam Reaction: A and E horizons—strongly acid to slightly Other features—none acid; Bt and BCt horizons—extremely acid to strongly acid Sacul Series A horizon: Color—grayish brown, dark grayish brown, very Depth class: Deep dark grayish brown, or dark brown Drainage class: Moderately well drained Redoximorphic features—none Permeability: Slow Texture—loamy fine sand Landscape: Coastal plain Other features—none Landform: Uplands Parent material: Clayey residuum from stratified E horizon: sandstone and shale Color—light gray, light brownish gray, grayish Slope range: 1 to 3 percent brown, pale brown, very pale brown, brown, Taxonomic class: Clayey, mixed, thermic Aquic yellowish brown, light yellowish brown, pinkish Hapludults gray, or light brown Redoximorphic features—none Typical Pedon Texture—loamy fine sand Sacul fine sandy loam, in an area of Sacul fine sandy Other features—none loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes (fig. 23), in an area of Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E woodland; from Crockett Loop 304, 7.75 miles horizons ranges from 20 to 40 inches northwest on Farm Road 229, 0.2 mile west on Bt horizon: Wheeler Springs Road, 100 feet north of road: Color—yellowish brown, strong brown, yellowish A—0 to 8 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy red, reddish yellow, or brownish yellow loam; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in friable; common fine and medium roots; strongly shades of red, brown, or yellow; grayish brown acid; clear smooth boundary. and light brownish gray iron depletions; iron E—8 to 16 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) depletions increase with depth; in some fine sandy loam; few fine distinct brownish yellow pedons, the lower part may be variegated (10YR 6/6) relict masses of iron accumulation; Texture—fine sandy loam or sandy clay loam weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very Other features—none friable, common fine and medium roots; strongly Thickness—combined thickness of the A, E, and acid; clear smooth boundary. Bt horizons ranges from 30 to 60 inches Bt1—16 to 21 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; few fine Btv horizon: prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) relict Color—variegated in shades of brown, red, and iron depletions; moderate fine subangular blocky gray structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; Redoximorphic features—few or common iron continuous clay films on ped faces; very strongly accumulations in shades of brown or red and acid; gradual wavy boundary. iron depletions in shades of gray Bt2—21 to 26 inches; dark red (2.5YR 3/6) clay; few Texture—sandy clay loam fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; 218 Soil Survey
continuous clay films on ped faces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Btg—26 to 48 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay loam; common medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; continuous clay films on ped faces; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. C—48 to 65 inches; stratified layers of red (2.5YR 4/8) sandstone with texture of fine sandy loam and light gray (10YR 7/2) shale with texture of clay loam; hard, firm; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Range in Characteristics Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches Clay content in the control section: 35 to 60 percent Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic concentrations in shades of brown or yellow; iron depletions in shades of gray; or depleted matrix throughout the subsoil Other distinctive soil features: None Concentrated minerals: None Reaction: A or Ap, and E horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; Bt and Btg horizons— extremely acid to slightly acid; C horizon— extremely acid to moderately acid A or Ap horizon: Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, brown, or dark brown; in cultivated areas, the Ap horizon is yellowish brown or brown Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sandy loam Other features—none E horizon: Color—brown, pale brown, yellowish brown, or light yellowish brown Redoximorphic features—none Texture—loamy fine sand, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam Other features—none Bt horizon: Color—red, dark red, or yellowish red Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in shades of brown or yellow and iron depletions in shades of gray commonly increase with depth Texture—clay or silty clay Other features—none
Btg horizon: Figure 23.—Profile of Sacul fine sandy loam. Color—gray, grayish brown, or light brownish gray Houston County, Texas 219
Redoximorphic features—depleted matrix with (2.5YR 4/8) redoximorphic concentrations and redoximorphic concentrations in shades of red few fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) iron depletions; and brown moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Texture—clay loam or clay slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine pores; Other features—none few clay films on ped faces; about 15 percent streaks and pockets of albic material (E); few C horizon: ironstone pebbles; very strongly acid; gradual Color—red, gray, or brown wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none 2Bt1—33 to 49 inches; variegated dark red (2.5YR Texture—stratified sandstone, shale, and loamy 3/6), strong brown (7.5YR 5/6), and gray (10YR soil materials; the sandstone has texture of fine 6/1) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky sandy loam or sandy clay loam; the loamy structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; materials have texture of silt loam, silty clay few clay films on ped faces; few streaks and loam, or clay loam; the shale has texture of clay pockets of albic material on ped faces; very loam strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Other features—none 2Bt2—49 to 62 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) clay loam; common medium prominent dark reddish brown Sawlit Series (2.5YR 3/4) and many medium prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) redoximorphic Depth class: Very deep concentrations; weak medium subangular blocky Drainage class: Moderately well drained structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few clay films Permeability: Very slow on ped faces; very strongly acid; gradual wavy Landscape: Coastal plain boundary. Landform: Mounded stream terraces 2Bt3—62 to 80 inches; variegated red (2.5YR 4/8), Parent material: Loamy, wind-modified alluvium over brownish yellow (10YR 6/8), and light gray (10YR clayey alluvial sediments from river and stream 7/1) clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; deposits hard, firm; few fine roots; few clay films on ped Slope range: 0 to 2 percent faces; very strongly acid. Taxonomic class: Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Range in Characteristics Glossudalfs Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Typical Pedon Clay content in the control section: 25 to 35 percent Sawlit loam, in an area of Sawlit-Latex complex, 0 to Redoximorphic features: Few to many masses of iron 2 percent slopes; in a pasture; from Crockett Loop 304, accumulation in shades of red, yellow, or brown about 13 miles east on Texas Highway 21, 3.4 miles and iron depletions in shades of gray throughout east on Farm Road 1733 then south through gate onto the subsoil C. M. Taylor Farm, 400 feet southeast in low area: Other distinctive soil features: Clayey discontinuity at 26 to 40 inches deep Ap—0 to 7 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; few Concentrated minerals: Crystals of gypsum and/or dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron fine masses of barite in the lower part of the accumulation; weak medium subangular blocky solum structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine Reaction: A or Ap, E (where present), Bt, and Bt/E roots; few fine pores; strongly acid; gradual horizons—very strongly acid to moderately acid; smooth boundary. 2Bt horizon—extremely acid to strongly acid Bt—7 to 22 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) loam; few fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses A or Ap horizon: of iron accumulation and common fine distinct light Color—dark brown, very dark grayish brown, dark brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions; grayish brown, or brown moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Redoximorphic features—none to few iron slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine accumulations in shades of brown or red along pores; few patchy clay films; few pockets of albic root channels material; few ironstone pebbles; strongly acid; Texture—loam gradual wavy boundary. Other features—none Bt/E—22 to 33 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; few medium prominent red 220 Soil Survey
E horizon (where present): Landscape: Coastal plain Color—brown, pale brown, very pale brown, light Landform: Uplands brown, pink, light yellowish brown, or yellowish Parent material: Sandy and loamy residuum from brown stratified sandstone and shale Redoximorphic features—none to common iron Slope range: 5 to 15 percent accumulations or stains in shades of brown or Taxonomic class: Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic red along root channels Hapludults Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, Typical Pedon or loam Other features—rounded ironstone and/or Tenaha loamy fine sand, in an area of Tenaha loamy siliceous pebbles range from none to few fine sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes, in an area of Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E woodland; from Farm Road 227 in Grapeland, 1.1 horizons ranges from 7 to 20 inches miles north on Farm Road 1272, 2 miles north on Farm Road 2968 and county road continuation, 1.4 Bt horizon: miles northeast on farm lane to intersection of Color—strong brown, reddish yellow, or yellowish northern property line and pipeline, 0.1 mile south on brown pipeline, 25 feet west of pipeline: Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in shades of gray and redoximorphic A—0 to 4 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine concentrations in shades of red, yellow, or sand; weak medium granular structure; loose, brown are few or common, mainly in the lower very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; clear part smooth boundary. Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam E1—4 to 15 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Other features—rounded ironstone and/or loamy fine sand; weak fine granular structure; siliceous pebbles range from 0 to 4 percent loose, very friable; many fine and medium roots; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. Bt/E horizon: E2—15 to 23 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy Color—strong brown, reddish yellow, yellowish fine sand; weak fine granular structure; loose, brown, or brownish yellow very friable; common fine roots; strongly acid; Redoximorphic features—iron depletions in clear wavy boundary. shades of gray; redoximorphic concentrations Bt1—23 to 34 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) in shades of red or brown sandy clay loam; common medium prominent Texture—loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) and distinct Other features—streaks and pockets of albic yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron material (E) range from 15 to 35 percent; accumulation; weak fine subangular blocky rounded ironstone and/or siliceous pebbles structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few clay films range from 0 to 4 percent on ped faces; strongly acid; gradual wavy 2Bt horizon: boundary. Color—gray, grayish brown, light gray, or light Bt2—34 to 45 inches; variegated dark reddish brown brownish gray (2.5YR 3/4), light grayish brown (10YR 6/2), and Redoximorphic features—few to many iron yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) sandy clay loam; depletions in shades of gray and iron weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; accumulations in shades of red, brown, or few fine roots; few clay films on ped faces; streaks yellow; or horizon is variegated in these colors and pockets of albic material on ped faces; Texture—clay loam or clay strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Other features—streaks and pockets of albic BCt—45 to 58 inches; variegated dark red (2.5YR material range from 0 to 4 percent; crystals of 3/6), light grayish brown (10YR 6/2), and gypsum and/or fine masses of barite range yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; from none to common weak fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots; few clay films on ped faces; few Tenaha Series ironstone pebbles; very strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Depth class: Deep C—58 to 80 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) and dark Drainage class: Well drained red (10R 3/6) shale with texture of clay loam and Permeability: Moderate brownish yellow (10YR 6/6), light gray (10YR Houston County, Texas 221
7/2), and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) soft sandstone reddish, yellowish, or brownish; shale is mainly with texture of fine sandy loam; massive; very gray hard, firm; very strongly acid. Redoximorphic features—none Texture—stratified weakly consolidated Range in Characteristics sandstone and shale with textures ranging Solum thickness: 40 to 60 inches from fine sandy loam to clay loam Clay content in the control section: 18 to 35 percent Other features—none Redoximorphic features: None Other distinctive soil features: Siliceous and ironstone pebbles range from none to 15 percent, Texark Series by volume, throughout the solum Depth class: Very deep Concentrated minerals: Few or common mica flakes Drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained in the lower part of the solum in most pedons Permeability: Very slow Reaction: A and E horizons—strongly acid to slightly Landscape: Coastal plain acid; Bt, BCt, and C horizons—very strongly acid Landform: Flood plains or strongly acid Parent material: Clayey alluvium from river and A horizon: stream deposits Color—very dark grayish brown, dark yellowish Slope range: 0 to 1 percent brown, dark grayish brown, dark brown, grayish Taxonomic class: Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic brown, or brown Hapluderts Redoximorphic features—none Typical Pedon Texture—loamy fine sand Other features—none Texark clay, in an area of Texark clay, frequently flooded, in a pasture; from Mapleton, 3.5 miles E horizon: southwest on Texas Highway 21 to 7-J Ranch Color—pale brown, brown, or light yellowish brown headquarters, 3.2 miles east on gravel and dirt road Redoximorphic features—none to a 90 degree right (south) turn, 0.35 mile south to Texture—loamy fine sand or fine sand levee and 150 feet south of levee: Other features—none Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E Ap—0 to 13 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay; horizons ranges from 20 to 40 inches moderate fine subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; many fine roots; slightly Bt horizon: acid; gradual wavy boundary. Color—dark yellowish brown, yellowish brown, Bss1—13 to 26 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; strong brown, or yellowish red; or the horizon is common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) variegated in these colors redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium Redoximorphic features—none subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very Texture—sandy clay loam, clay loam, or loam firm; common fine roots; common slickensides; Other features—grayish spots, pockets, or slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. remnants of weathered shale range from none Bss2—26 to 52 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; few to about 5 percent, by volume, in the lower part fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) BCt horizon: redoximorphic concentrations; weak medium Color—shades of red, yellow, and brown subangular blocky structure; extremely hard, very Redoximorphic features—none firm; few fine roots; common slickensides; neutral; Texture—sandy clay loam, fine sandy loam, or gradual wavy boundary. loam with or without strata of weakly cemented Bss3—52 to 63 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; few sandstone fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) Other features—discontinuous strata or pockets of redoximorphic concentrations and common fine grayish weathered shale range from none to 15 faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; weak percent, by volume; most pedons contain few or medium subangular blocky structure; extremely common mica flakes hard, very firm; few fine roots; common slickensides; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. C horizon: Bss4—63 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay; Color—loamy materials and sandstone are common medium faint dark grayish brown (2.5Y 222 Soil Survey
4/2) iron depletions; weak medium subangular Tonkawa Series blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm; few fine roots; common slickensides; few fine threads Depth class: Very deep of gypsum; neutral. Drainage class: Excessively drained Permeability: Rapid Range in Characteristics Landscape: Coastal plain Solum thickness: More than 80 inches Landform: Uplands Clay content in the control section: 60 to 80 percent Parent material: Sandy marine sediments Redoximorphic features: Redoximorphic Slope range: 0 to 8 percent concentrations in shades of brown; gray or Taxonomic class: Thermic, coated Typic grayish brown iron depletions in the lower part of Quartzipsamments the solum Typical Pedon Other distinctive soil features: Unless cultivated, there 1 is gilgai microrelief; cracks /4 inch to 2 inches Tonkawa fine sand, in an area of Tonkawa fine sand, wide extend from the surface to 50 inches and 0 to 8 percent slopes, in an area of woodland; from remain open for 60 to 90 cumulative days during Crockett Loop 304 and Farm Road 2022, 7.8 miles most years; slickensides begin at 10 to 28 inches northeast on Farm Road 2022 to county road, 3.4 deep miles east on county road to intersection of U.S. Concentrated minerals: Few threads of gypsum in the Forest Service Road 544, 2.1 miles northeast on U.S. lower part of the solum in some pedons Forest Service Road 544 to farm entrance, 0.3 mile Reaction: A or Ap horizon—slightly acid to slightly south along U.S. Forest Service boundary lane to alkaline; upper part of the Bss horizon—very Temple Inland property and follow lane around left strongly acid to neutral; lower part of the Bss curve, 0.2 mile northeast along lane, 30 feet west of horizon—very strongly acid to moderately lane: alkaline A—0 to 6 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) fine sand; A or Ap horizon: single grained; loose; common fine roots; strongly Color—black or very dark gray acid; clear wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—none C1—6 to 27 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) Texture—clay fine sand; common medium faint very pale brown Other features—none (10YR 7/3) pockets; single grained; loose; Thickness—as thin as 10 inches on micro-knolls; common fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy as thick as 28 inches on micro-depressions boundary. C2—27 to 46 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/4) fine Upper part of the Bss horizon: sand; common medium faint white (10YR 8/2) Color—dark gray, dark grayish brown, or grayish pockets; single grained; loose; common fine brown roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. Redoximorphic features—few or common iron C3—46 to 70 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine accumulations are faint to distinct in colors of sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; yellowish brown, dark yellowish brown, brown, strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. and strong brown C4—70 to 82 inches; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) fine Texture—clay sand; few reddish yellow (5YR 6/6) thin bands in Other features—few or common slickensides; 1 streaks less than /16 inch thick; single grained; cracks extending into this horizon are loose; few fine roots; strongly acid. commonly filled with black or very dark gray soil from the surface Range in Characteristics Lower part of the Bss horizon: Solum thickness: 3 to 16 inches Color—grayish brown, gray, light gray, or light Clay content in the control section: 2 to 8 percent grayish brown Redoximorphic features: None Redoximorphic features—iron accumulations in Other distinctive soil features: Dry in some parts of shades of brown; gray or grayish brown iron the moisture control section for 125 to 150 depletions cumulative days in most years Texture—clay or silty clay Concentrated minerals: None Other features—few or common slickensides Reaction: Extremely acid to moderately acid throughout Houston County, Texas 223
A horizon: Color—dark brown, dark grayish brown, very dark grayish brown, or grayish brown Redoximorphic features—none Texture—fine sand Other features—none A2 horizon (where present): Color—brown, yellowish brown, pale brown, light yellowish brown, or brownish yellow Redoximorphic features—none Texture—sand or fine sand Other features—none Bw horizon (where present): Color—yellowish brown, brownish yellow, or reddish yellow Redoximorphic features—none Texture—sand or fine sand Other features—none C horizon: Color—brown, light yellowish brown, pale brown, very pale brown, pink, or light brown Redoximorphic features—none Texture—sand or fine sand Other features—none
Trawick Series
Depth class: Moderately deep Drainage class: Well drained Permeability: Moderately slow Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Uplands Parent material: Marine sediments high in glauconite Slope range: 2 to 40 percent Taxonomic class: Fine, mixed, thermic Mollic Hapludalfs Typical Pedon Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, in an area of Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes (fig. 24), in a pasture; from the intersection of U.S. Highway 287 and Farm Road 228 in Grapeland, 11.1 miles east on Farm Road 228, 1.3 miles south on county road, 300 feet west along intersecting county road, 150 feet south of road: Ap—0 to 4 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) gravelly fine sandy loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; common fine and medium roots; few medium tubular pores; 20 percent common glauconitic ironstone pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. AB—4 to 10 inches; dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) Figure 24.—Profile of Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam. 224 Soil Survey
gravelly sandy clay loam; moderate medium neutral; Cr horizon—very strongly acid to slightly subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common acid fine and few medium roots between peds; few A or Ap horizon: fine tubular pores; few medium weathered Color—dusky red, dark reddish brown, or dark fragments of glauconitic material; few distinct red dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) discontinuous Redoximorphic features—none clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; Texture—fine sandy loam or gravelly fine sandy few medium cylindrical worms casts; 10 percent loam ironstone pebbles; neutral; clear wavy boundary. Other features—ironstone gravel or fragments Bt—10 to 23 inches; 90 percent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) range from 2 to 35 percent, by volume and 10 percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure AB horizon (where present): parting to moderate fine subangular blocky Color—dusky red, dark reddish brown, or dark structure; very hard, firm; many fine and medium red roots; few fine tubular pores; 10 percent Redoximorphic features—none weathered glauconitic material; few distinct dark Texture—fine sandy loam, gravelly fine sandy red (2.5YR 3/6) continuous clay films on vertical loam, or gravelly sandy clay loam and horizontal faces of peds; 5 percent ironstone Other features—ironstone gravel or fragments nodules; neutral; clear wavy boundary. range from 2 to 35 percent, by volume BCt—23 to 38 inches; 50 percent dark red (2.5YR Bt and BCt horizons: 3/6), 25 percent yellowish red (5YR 4/6), and 25 Color—dark reddish brown, dark red, dusky red, percent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) clay; weak red, reddish brown, or red moderate medium subangular blocky structure Redoximorphic features—none parting to moderate fine angular blocky structure; Texture—clay or clay loam very hard, firm; few fine roots between peds; few Other features—some pedons have partially very fine tubular pores; 25 percent weathered weathered glauconitic materials in the lower glauconitic material; few distinct dark reddish part that are brown, yellow, or olive yellow brown (2.5YR 3/4) continuous clay films on when the fabric is crushed or cut with a spade; vertical and horizontal faces of peds; very few ironstone gravel or fragments range from 2 to black (7.5YR 2/0) discontinuous stains on 35 percent, by volume horizontal faces of peds; few medium rounded ironstone nodules; slightly acid; abrupt wavy Cr horizon: boundary. Color—yellowish brown or brownish yellow with Cr1—38 to 48 inches; variegated brown (7.5YR 4/4), bands of dark brown, brown, dark reddish dark red (2.5YR 3/6), and brownish yellow (10YR brown, dark reddish gray, reddish brown, 6/8) weathered glauconitic material with texture dusky red, dark red, weak red, or red of sandy clay; weakly cemented, very firm; few glauconitic shale or marl fine roots in cracks; few red clay flows along Redoximorphic features—none horizontal and vertical fractures; 20 percent, by Texture—glauconite or greensand marl with volume, pseudomorphic fossils; few fine distinct bands of glauconitic shale or ironstone with black (7.5YR 2/0) discontinuous stains on texture of sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy horizontal faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy clay boundary. Other features—the horizon is weakly or strongly cemented when dry; psuedomorphic marine Range in Characteristics shells in the upper part; perfectly fossilized marine shells in the lower part Solum thickness: 20 to 40 inches Clay content in the control section: 35 to 55 percent Redoximorphic features: None Woden Series Other distinctive soil features: None Concentrated minerals: Ironstone gravel or fragments Depth class: Very deep throughout the solum Drainage class: Well drained Reaction: A or Ap and AB horizons—moderately acid Permeability: Moderately rapid to neutral; Bt and BCt horizons—strongly acid to Landscape: Coastal plain Landform: Stream terraces Houston County, Texas 225
Parent material: Loamy alluvium from river and stream Concentrated minerals: None deposits Reaction: A or Ap and E horizons—strongly acid to Slope range: 1 to 3 percent neutral; Bt horizon—strongly acid to slightly acid Taxonomic class: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic A or Ap horizon: Typic Paleudalfs Color—brown, reddish brown, dark reddish Typical Pedon brown, dark grayish brown, or dark brown Redoximorphic features—none Woden fine sandy loam, in an area of Woden fine Texture—fine sandy loam sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in a pasture; from Other features—none Weches, 3.5 miles northeast on Texas Highway 21, 0.3 mile north at the intersection of U.S. Forest Service E horizon (where present): Road 511: Color—light brown, brown, reddish brown, light reddish brown, pale brown, or light yellowish Ap—0 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; brown weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly Redoximorphic features—none hard, very friable; many fine roots; strongly acid; Texture—loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy fine clear smooth boundary. sand Bt1—12 to 25 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine Other features—none sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; common fine roots; Bt horizon: many fine pores; few clay films; few pressure Color—red, yellowish red, reddish brown, or faces; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. strong brown; in some pedons, the lower part Bt2—25 to 36 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) fine is variegated in shades of yellowish brown or sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; light yellowish brown slightly hard, very friable; common fine roots; Redoximorphic features—none many fine pores; few clay films; few pressure Texture—fine sandy loam or loam faces; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. Other features—none Bt3—36 to 52 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine Woodtell Series roots; many fine pores; common clay films; clay Depth class: Deep bridges on sand grains; slightly acid; clear wavy Drainage class: Well drained boundary. Permeability: Very slow Bt4—52 to 62 inches; yellowish red (5YR 4/6) fine Landscape: Coastal plain sandy loam; weak subangular blocky structure; Landform: Uplands slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; many Parent material: Clayey marine sediments fine pores; sand grains coated and bridged with Slope range: 1 to 15 percent clay; common clay films; slightly acid; gradual Taxonomic class: Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic smooth boundary. Hapludalfs Bt5—62 to 74 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; Typical Pedon hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine Woodtell very fine sandy loam, in an area of Woodtell pores; common clay films; slightly acid; gradual very fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes, in an smooth boundary. area of woodland; from Loop 304 on the west side of Bt6—74 to 80 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) fine Crockett, about 5.7 miles west on Texas Highway 7, sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky about 1.8 miles north on Dixon-Hopewell Road, 0.9 structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few mile west of road: fine pores; few clay films; slightly acid. A—0 to 5 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) Range in Characteristics very fine sandy loam; weak fine granular Solum thickness: More than 80 inches structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and Clay content in the control section: 8 to 18 percent medium roots; few pebbles; strongly acid; clear Redoximorphic features: None wavy boundary. Other distinctive soil features: Weighted average silt Bt1—5 to 18 inches; red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; common content in the control section is 20 to 45 percent medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) 226
lithochromic mottles; strong medium subangular A horizon: blocky structure; very hard, very firm; few medium Color—very dark grayish brown, dark grayish roots; common clay films on ped faces; very brown, grayish brown, dark yellowish brown, strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. brown, yellowish brown, or dark brown Bt2—18 to 25 inches; red (2.5YR 4/6) clay; common Redoximorphic features—none medium distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Texture—very fine sandy loam lithochromic mottles; moderate medium Other features—none subangular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; Thickness—less than 7 inches thick where color few fine roots; common clay films on ped faces; is very dark grayish brown or dark brown few slickensides; very strongly acid; gradual wavy E horizon (where present): boundary. Color—brown, pale brown, or very pale brown Btss1—25 to 33 inches; variegated light brownish Redoximorphic features—none gray (10YR 6/2) and red (2.5YR 4/8) clay; Texture—fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, moderate medium subangular blocky structure; or loam very hard, very firm; few fine roots; common clay Other features—none films on ped faces; common slickensides; very Thickness—combined thickness of the A and E strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. horizons is less than 10 inches Btss2—33 to 56 inches; distinctly variegated light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and dark red (2.5YR Bt horizon: 3/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky Color—weak red, red, reddish brown, or structure; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; yellowish red common clay films on ped faces; common Redoximorphic features—none slickensides; very strongly acid; gradual smooth Texture—clay, sandy clay, or clay loam boundary. Other features—none C—56 to 80 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Btss horizon: shale with texture of clay loam and few layers of Color—shades of gray, red, or brown; or the yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR horizon is variegated in these colors and 5/8) soft sandstone with texture of fine sandy shades of yellow loam; moderately acid. Redoximorphic features—none Range in Characteristics Texture—clay, sandy clay, or clay loam Other features—few or common slickensides Solum thickness: 40 to 80 inches Clay content in the control section: 40 to 60 percent C horizon: Redoximorphic features: None Color—variegated in shades of gray, brown, Other distinctive soil features: Clay content in the yellow, and olive with or without reddish colors subsoil decreases by 20 to 30 percent within 60 Redoximorphic features—none inches if the solum is more than 60 inches deep; Texture—thinly bedded or stratified with loamy, siliceous and ironstone pebbles range from 0 to 5 clayey, and shaley materials; the composite percent in the solum; during some months in texture is typically clay loam or clay with clay most years, the soil has deep cracks to at least content of 30 to 50 percent 20 inches deep Other features—none Concentrated minerals: None Reaction: A and E (where present) horizons—very strongly acid to slightly acid; Bt horizon—very strongly acid or strongly acid; Btss horizon—very strongly acid to moderately acid; C horizon—very strongly acid to neutral 227
Formation of the Soils
In this section the factors of soil formation are these sediments are common to the Cuthbert-Kirvin- described and related to the formation of the soils in Lilbert general soil map unit. Houston County. Also, the processes of soil formation The Weches Formation is a thin band that is and the surface geology of the county are described. exposed on hills in areas known as “redlands.” This formation is made up of greensand, sand, and clay. Factors of Soil Formation Soils that have formed in these sediments are common to the Alto-Trawick general soil map unit. A soil is a three-dimensional natural body The Sparta Sand is in the north-central part of the consisting of mineral and organic material that can county. This formation is made up mostly of fine- support plant growth. The nature of any soil at a grained sand with parting of silty clay and given site is the result of the interaction of five carbonaceous clay. This formation in east Texas general factors—parent material, climate, plants and occurs on high ridges above the greensand beds and animals, relief, and time. Climate and plants and caps most of the ferruginous hills along stream animals have an affect on parent material that is divides. Soils that have formed in these sediments modified by relief over time. Theoretically, if all these are common to the Lilbert-Betis-Darco and Cuthbert- factors were identical at different sites, the soils at Kirvin-Lilbert general soil map units. these sites would be identical. Differences among the The Cook Mountain Formation forms a band soils are caused by variations in one or more of through the central part of the county. This formation these factors. is made up mostly of clayey and shaly deposits that are generally gypsiferous and sometimes calcareous. Parent Material Soils that have formed in these sediments are common to the Cuthbert-Kirvin-Lilbert and Woodtell- Parent material is the unconsolidated mass from Etoile general soil map units. which a soil forms. It affects the chemical and The Yegua Formation forms the southern part of mineral composition of the soil. The parent material in the county starting south of Crockett. This formation is Houston County consists of unconsolidated sandy, made up mostly of loamy sediments underlain by loamy, and clayey sediments deposited by waters of weakly cemented sandstone or siltstone. Soils that the Eocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene geologic have formed in these sediments are common to the ages of the Tertiary and Quaternary Systems. Kurth-Fuller-Keltys and Fuller-Penning-Herty general Houston County is in the Coastal Plain soil map units. physiographic region of Texas. All of the geological The Jackson Group consists of the Caddell, formations are sedimentary. Wellborn, and Manning Formations. These formations Deposits of Eocene age (about 40 to 50 million are made up mostly of clayey sediments underlain by years) are the Queen City, Weches, Sparta, Cook mudstone and shale. Soils that have formed in these Mountain, and Yegua Formations of the Claiborne sediments are common to the Herty-Moswell-Fuller Group. The fluviatile terraces in Houston County are and Fuller-Penning-Herty general soil map units. probably of Pleistocene age. Holocene age The fluviatile terrace deposits of Pleistocene age sediments are alluvial deposits of the Neches and are in all parts of the county, but are dominantly along Trinity Rivers and many smaller streams. the stream systems above the present day flood The Queen City Formation outcrops in much of the plains. In places, the sedimentary deposits are northeastern corner and central part of Houston several feet thick, and in other places, they are only a County. This formation is made up of fine-grained thin veneer over older geological sediments. quartz sand interbedded with clay, silt, and lentils of Loamy sediments deposited over older, more glauconitic greensand. Soils that have formed in clayey materials give rise to the Freestone and Latex 228 Soil Survey
soils. These moderately well drained soils have a content and distribution of organic matter. subsoil that is loamy in the upper part and clayey in Vegetation extracts water from the soil, recycles the lower part. These soils are found in the nutrients, and adds organic matter to the soil. Gases Freestone-Latex-Annona general soil map unit. derived from root respiration combine with water to Clayey terrace soils along the Trinity River and form acids that influence the weathering of minerals. tributaries formed in recent alkaline, clayey sediments Because of a lower content of organic matter, soils washed from the Blackland Prairies. Soils that have that formed under forest vegetation are generally formed in these sediments are common to the lighter colored than those that formed under grasses. Eastham-Garner-Hallsbluff general soil map unit. Bacteria, fungi, and many other micro-organisms The youngest geologic unit in the county is the decompose organic matter and release nutrients to Holocene alluvium on flood plains of modern growing plants. They influence the formation of soil streams. The clayey flood plain deposits along the structure. Soil properties such as drainage, Trinity River are represented by the Texark-Kaufman temperature, and reaction influence the type of general soil map unit. micro-organisms that live in the soil. Fungi are The loamy and clayey sediments along the generally more active in the more acid soils, while streams in the northern and central part of the county bacteria are more active in the less acid and more that drain the uplands and savannas are represented alkaline soils. by the Laneville-Nahatche-Hannahatchee general Earthworms, insects, and small burrowing animals soil map unit. mix the soil and create small channels that aid in soil The loamy and silty sediments on the Neches aeration and water movement. Earthworms help to River and along streams draining the woodlands of incorporate crop residue or other organic matter into the southern part of the county are represented by the soil. The organic matter improves tilth. In areas the Pophers-Koury general soil map unit. that are well populated with earthworms, the leaf litter that accumulates on the soil in the fall is generally Climate incorporated into the soil by the following spring. If the earthworm population is low, part of the leaf fall Houston County has a warm climate. Summers are can remain on the soil surface for several years. hot and humid. In winter, an occasional surge of cold Human activity can significantly influence soil air causes a sharp drop in otherwise mild formation. The clearing of native forests followed by temperatures. The climate is fairly uniform, but the continuous farming may drastically change activities rainfall decreases slightly from east to west. Rainfall within the soil. Cultivation generally accelerates is evenly distributed throughout the year, reaching erosion on sloping soils, affects soil structure and slight peaks in spring and fall. Precipitation is compacting, and lowers the content of organic matter. normally adequate for crops. Drainage of wet soils changes soil formation. Climate is also modified locally by relief and runoff. Fertilizers, lime, and pesticides also affect soil The high temperatures and adequate rainfall favor formation. Developing land for urban uses or for plant growth as well as chemical and microbial mining significantly influences soil development. activity. This has resulted in the formation of many deep soils in the county. Relief The microclimate in a given area also affects soil formation. Texark soils, which are in low-lying flood Relief, or topography, influences soil development plains, receive runoff from adjacent slopes as well as through its effect on drainage, runoff, and depth of floodwater from upstream. The extra water creates a penetration of soil moisture. wet microclimate that results in prolonged saturation, The relief of the survey area consists of nearly reduction of iron, and a gray subsoil. Sloping soils, level areas of bottomlands and terraces. Most of the such as Austonio soils, formed under a drier broad interstream divides are gently sloping to microclimate because of runoff. This better external sloping. Side slopes above drainageways are drainage results in better aeration, oxidation of iron, generally strongly sloping to moderately steep. A few and a yellowish red subsoil. hills are steep. If other factors are equal, the degree of soil profile Plant and Animal Life development depends on the amount, depth, and penetration of soil moisture. The more often a soil The vegetation under which a soil forms influences passes through a wetting and drying cycle, the soil properties, such as color, structure, reaction, and greater and more distinct the soil development. Houston County, Texas 229
Soils on a nearly level landscape tend to have transfer. The E horizon is a zone of maximum marked differences in soil development. Nearly level eluviation, or loss. The B horizon is a zone of areas that are poorly drained and that remain illuviation, or gain. Annona, Moswell, Woodtell, and saturated much of the time generally do not have many other soils have maximum clay content in the B pronounced soil horizonation. Nearly level soils that horizon. An indication of a transfer of clay is thin clay are well drained generally are distinctly developed to films in pores and on faces of peds. a depth of more than 80 inches. An example of a transformation is the reduction of Most of the gently sloping and moderately sloping ferrous iron. This process takes place under wet, soils are developed to a depth of more than 80 saturated conditions in which there is no molecular inches. As the slope increases above 8 percent, the oxygen. Gleying, or the reduction of iron, is evident in depth of water penetration generally decreases. Derly, Fuller, and Mollville soils which have a Since much of the water is removed by runoff, the dominantly gray subsoil. The gray color indicates the solum of the more sloping soils tends to be more presence of reduced iron, which in turn implies thinly developed. wetness. Reduced iron is soluble, but it commonly has been moved only short distances in the soils in Time the survey area, stopping in a lower part of the horizon where it originated or in an underlying A great length of time is required for the formation horizon. Part of this iron can be reoxidized and of soils with distinct horizons. The differences in the segregated in the form of stains, concretions, or length of time that the parent material has been in bright yellow and red accumulations. place are commonly reflected in the degree of development of soil horizons. Young soils have very Surface Geology little horizon development, and old soils have well expressed horizons. Prepared by Saul Aronow, professor emeritus, Lamar University, Iulus and Nahatche soils are young soils. They are Beaumont, Texas. on flood plains where sediment is continuously Houston County lies in the West Gulf geomorphic added. These soils have little soil horizon province (Hunt, 1974; Walker and Coleman, 1987) in development. which the surface formations dip to the Gulf of Mexico Advanced stages of development are evident in at less than 2 degrees and crop out in Gulf Coast many of the soils in Houston County. The Kirvin soils, paralleling bands. The geology of the area is depicted for example, were formed over a longer period of time on the adjacent Beaumont and Palestine Sheets of and have been leached of most bases and have the geologic atlas of Texas and on the geologic map distinct horizonation. of Texas (University of Texas, 1992a, 1992b, and 1993). Processes of Horizon Differentiation All bedrock outcrops in the county are Eocene in age. The Eocene epoch is estimated to encompass Soil forms through complex processes that are the time span from about 58 million to about 37 grouped into four general categories. These are million years before the present. The oldest outcrop in additions, removals, transfers, and transformations. the county is the Queen City Sand of the Claiborne These processes affect soil formation in differing Group. Younger formations in the Claiborne Group degrees and account for the presence of soil layers are, from the oldest to youngest, the Weches or horizons. Formation, the Sparta Sand, and the Yegua The accumulation of organic matter in the A Formation. Three lower formations in the overlying horizon of the soils in Houston County is an example Jackson Group, the Cook Mountain, the Caddell of an addition. This accumulation is the main reason Formation, and the Wellborn Formation, are last in for the dark color of the A horizon. The color of the sequence of Eocene formations in the county. raw parent material is uniform with increasing depth. Quaternary surficial deposits parallel the major The leaching of lime or bases from the upper few streams as Pleistocene terrace substrate and feet in many of the soils is an example of removal. Holocene flood plain sand deposits. These deposits The parent materials of these soils contain more lime are probably less than 2.6 million years old. Thin or bases than the soil itself. This indicates leaching of sediment deposits, probably Pliocene age, overlie the soil profile by percolating water. portions of older Eocene bedrock surfaces on The movement of clay and other materials from interfluves. An indication of these sediments’ the A horizon to the B horizon is an example of 230 Soil Survey
pre-Pleistocene age is that they are not in clearly Eocene Formations and Related Soils defined stream-paralleling terrace positions. Tertiary formations in east Texas and the Gulf Queen City Sand. The Queen City Sand outcrop Coast record a sequence of marine transgressions area is small. It is confined largely to the drainage and regressions in Houston County. A transgression basin of Elkhart Creek in the northwestern part of the is an advance of the sea over land area. A county and to Pedro Creek in the northeastern part of transgression results in a decrease in land area and the county. It is mostly quartz sand with thin beds of an increase in marine sediment deposition. A clay and is locally glauconitic, an indication of marine regression is a retreat of the sea, resulting in an facies. Ironstone concretions are common (University increase in deltaic and fluvial deposition and greater of Texas, 1993). The formation is of tidal embayment, land area (Galloway and others, 1991). tidal delta, and barrier island origin (Hobday, 1980; Transgressions and regressions can result from Hobday and others, 1980). vertical changes in the elevation of the continents, The Cuthbert-Kirvin-Lilbert and Freestone-Latex- changes in the volume of the ocean basins or the Annona general soil map units developed in the volume of seawater, and from coastal erosion or Queen City Sand outcrop area. The Freestone-Latex- deposition. Annona map unit occurs mostly on stream terraces The nearshore, shallow-water marine Queen City along the Trinity River and Neches River and may be Sand and Weches Formation represent a remnant of a late Pliocene or early Pleistocene transgressions followed by the regressive delta and fluvial deposit. delta-plain Sparta Sand. The Cook Mountain Weches Formation. The Weches Formation is Formation is a transgressive marine deposit that less than 100 feet thick and crops out only in narrow overlaps the Sparta Sand. The Yegua Formation, bands along the margins of the Queen City Sand and locally regressive and fluvial, overlies the Cook the Sparta Sand. It was laid down in a shallow, near- Mountain Formation (Jackson and Garner, 1982). The shore marine depositional environment (Galloway and prodeltiac Caddell Formation and delta front Wellborn others, 1991). It is a locally, cross-bedded glauconitic Formation generally represent a gradually regressing quartz sand with clay and marl layers. Weathering sea (Fisher and others, 1970). has resulted in numerous ironstone concretions. A fault is about a mile south of the northwestern Soils mapped over the Weches Formation are in county boundary west of U.S. Highway 287 the Alto-Trawick general soil map unit. The reddish (University of Texas, 1993). This normal fault, colors and ironstone concretions in these soils are downthrown to the north, is part of the Elkhart derived from iron-rich glauconite. Graben. It has effected some minor displacements in Sparta Sand. The Sparta Sand is mainly quartz the Sparta Sand and Weches Formation outcrops. sand with some lignitic clay and silt layers. The The county straddles the drainage divide between formation belongs to a delta plain facies of gulf-ward the Neches River and Trinity River, which delineate flowing paleo-streams entering the county from the the eastern and western county margins, respectively. northeast. This subaerial part of a delta contains The eastern part of the county drains into the Neches distributary channel cross-bedded sandstones and River, and the western part drains into the Trinity adjacent interdistributary mudstones (Ricoy and River. Brown, 1977). The relationship between the bedrock outcrops The Lilbert-Betis-Darco general soil map unit is and their superincumbent soils is complex. Some confined to the Sparta Sand outcrop. Part of the formations lack definitive or unique lithologies. Some Cuthbert-Kirvin-Lilbert general soil map unit also soil sola, even C horizon material, may be genetically covers part of the Sparta Sand outcrop area. Betis, unrelated to the underlying formations. The Grapeland, and Tonkawa soils have sandy substrates uppermost strata in which the soils have developed that may be of distributary origin. Other soils are of may be late Tertiary or Quaternary age, and may be interdistributary origin. of eolian, colluvial, or fluvial origin. Cook Mountain Formation. Clays, marls, and The general northeast-southwest trend of the sands, some lignitic and glauconitic, are the principal general soil map units, however, parallel a similar lithologies. Glauconite and marine fossils indicate a trend in the strike of the Eocene formation outcrops. marine origin for the Cook Mountain Formation. The The general soil map, which is at the back of this formation has several members that are not publication, will be used as an initial point of differentiated on the geologic map (University of departure in discussing geologic strata and Texas, 1993). Also, the Stone City Formation, which associated soils. is not mapped east of the Trinity River, is included in Houston County, Texas 231
the Cook Mountain Formation outcrop area. The the present (Beard and others, 1982; Galloway and Stone City Formation underlies the Cook Mountain others, 1991). Terraces intermediate in elevation Formation and overlies the Sparta Sand. between a flood plain and an upland are assumed to The Cook Mountain Formation outcrop is overlain be Pleistocene age. Terraces in the absence of by several general soil map units—the Woodtell- adjacent flood plains and uplands imply a lowering Etoile, the Cuthbert-Kirvin-Lilbert, and the Freestone- and inversion of the original fluvial topography. These Latex-Annona. The Freestone-Latex-Annona general surfaces are probably late Tertiary age and, soil map unit, as in the Queen City Sand outcrop consequently, older than the range of beginning dates area, may be a remnant of a late Pliocene or early for the Pleistocene epoch. Pleistocene fluvial deposit. The age of the Deweyville Formation is Yegua Formation. The Yegua Formation, the controversial. Radiocarbon dates indicate an age youngest unit of the Claiborne Group, has the largest ranging from more than 30,000 years before the outcrop area of any formation in the county. It is of present to as young as 17,000 years before the fluvio-deltaic origin (Jackson and Garner, 1982; present (Bernard and LeBlanc, 1965). Even younger Fisher and others, 1970; Ahr, 1979) and is the dates of less than 10,000 years before the present product of regression over the Cook Mountain have been reported (Alford and Holmes, 1985). The Formation. Lithologies are clay, quartz sand, and age of the Beaumont Formation is likewise lignite. inconclusive. Estimates range from about 30,000 The Kurth-Fuller-Keltys and the Fuller-Penning- years to over 100,000 years before the present. Herty general soil map units developed on the Yegua The Freestone-Latex-Annona and Eastham- Formation. Almost all of the soils, with the possible Garner-Hallsbluff general soil map units in Houston exception of Kurth soils, have claystone, mudstone, County are located on terraces along the Trinity River or shale substrates. The Kurth and the Herty and Neches River. The Freestone-Latex-Annona substrates may be of fluvial channel or delta general soil map unit is also delineated in northeast distributary origin. Surface materials here indicate a trending bands on stream divides in upland outcrop paleo-drainage system or local eolian depositional areas of some Eocene formations. These interfluve origin. soils may overlie remnants of once more extensive Caddell Formation and Wellborn Formation. The late Pliocene and early Pleistocene age fluvial Caddell Formation and the Wellborn Formation are sediments. These extensive fluvial sediments would the older strata in the Jackson Group. Both have been deposited by a now-vanished stream formations have lithologies of clay and quartz sand network at variance with the present-day stream with some glauconite and lignite. The Caddell network. Formation has a higher percentage of clay than the The mounded Moten-Multey complex soil map unit Manning Formation. The Caddell Formation is on the Yegua Formation outcrop may be of similar prodelta in origin. The Wellborn Formation origin is origin. Upland indications of paleo-drainages were delta front (Fisher and others, 1970). described in the Angelina County and Madison The Cadell and Wellborn Formation have only County Soil Surveys (Aronow, 1988 and 1993). small outcrops in the county. They crop out mainly Eolian upland deposition derived from local existing along the southeastern county margin within the flood plains is also a possible origin. The terraces in Herty-Moswell-Fuller general soil map unit. the southwest corner of the county along the Trinity River cross the boundary of the Beaumont Sheet and Terraces and Pliocene-Pleistocene Palestine Sheet of the Geologic Atlas of Texas Upland Sediment (University of Texas, 1992a and 1993). These terraces and formations are correlated downstream across A stream terrace can be defined as a remnant of a geologic atlas sheet boundaries. The lowest terraces former flood plain which is now abandoned and in this southwestern locale is correlated with the elevated above the present day active flood plain. Deweyville Formation age terraces which occur to the Sediment deposits beneath terrace surfaces may south along the Trinity River and Neches River have a size range and fluvial facies similar to that of (University of Texas, 1982 and 1992a). The higher the subadjacent active channel. Older terraces may terraces are correlated with the Beaumont Formation, be gullied and dissected by streams, with diminished which is mainly an extensive coast-paralleling to obliterated original surface fluvial patterns. formation (University of Texas, 1982). The Deweyville The beginning of the Pleistocene epoch has been Formation exhibits in many places a relict fluvial estimated to be about 1.6 to 2.6 million years before morphology. Abandoned meander loops and meander 232 Soil Survey
scars cut into the margins of higher deposits. The in height. They are also known as prairie and mima Deweyville Formation also displays relict point bars mounds outside the Gulf Coast and east Texas larger than those contemporary to the subadjacent region. They are restricted to areas west of the Holocene age streams. These features probably Mississippi River and are found from south Texas to indicate higher stream discharges in the past. Washington (Cox, 1984). They occur mainly on late Terraces to the north, however, are uncorrelated Pliocene, Pleistocene, and Holocene surfaces. Their and include surfaces at varying elevations. The lowest time of origin was probably Pleistocene to Holocene. terraces upstream are probably Deweyville Formation The mounded soils in Houston County, which age as identified by the relict fluvial features. The occur also in non-mounded form, include the Besner, clayey Eastham-Garner-Hallsbluff general soil map Freestone, Latex, and Multey soils. These soils are unit is probably developed on paleo-flood basin and mapped in complexes—Alazan-Besner, Bernaldo- paleo-oxbow lake sediments. Besner, Freestone-Derly, Mollville-Besner, Moten- North of the great eastward bend in the Trinity Multey, and Sawlit-Latex. The intermound soil River, well defined to poorly defined tread and riser complexes, such as the Alazon and Derly, cover morphology is displayed at lower altitudes within the larger areas than the mounds. Where soils occur in Freestone-Latex-Annona general soil map unit. The mounded and non-mounded form, the A and E lowest terrace level is surfaced with very large relict horizons are generally thicker. Most mounded soils in Deweyville Formation point bars. To the northeast, the complexes have thicker A and E horizons than the Freestone-Latex-Annona general soil map unit intermound soils. occupies stream divide positions on the outcrop of Theories of the origin of pimple mounds have the Cook Mountain Formation. The Freestone-Latex- generated an immense and diverse literature Annona general soil map unit in these locations may (Washburn, 1988). Hypotheses for the genesis of be evidence of an ancient paleo-drainage system. pimple mounds include: The terraces of the Freestone-Latex-Annona (1) Residual hillocks left after wind erosion, sheet general soil map unit in the northwestern part of the flood erosion, and fluvial erosion. county are more extensive than shown on the (2) Accumulations of wind-transported sand, silt, geologic map of Texas (University of Texas, 1993) or clay pellets or chips around clumps of and overlie part of the Queen City Formation outcrop. vegetation. Portions of the lowest terrace level in the northern (3) Eolian accumulations whose sites were started group have a relict fluvial morphology, indicating a by, or topographically enhanced by, erosional Deweyville Formation age. Also, terraces along the processes. Neches River, as indicated by the Freestone-Latex- (4) The result of the “fluffing up,” or the decreasing Annona general soil map unit delineation, are of of the bulk densities, of solum materials and greater areal extent than indicated on the geologic the lateral or centripetal transport of surface map of Texas (University of Texas, 1993). materials by burrowing animals, such as Several eastern and northeastern trends of the pocket gophers, with possible eolian Freestone-Latex-Annona general soil map unit are increments. present along Hickory Creek and San Pedro Creek in (5) Very modified hillocks in areas of former the eastern part of the county. This map unit is permafrost produced by freezing and thawing located on terraces along Hickory Creek or on eolian of surface materials (cryoturbation processes). sediments derived locally from the creek flood plain. (6) The result of seismic (earthquake) vibration of A local sediment origin from the Pedro Creek flood silty and sandy surface materials. plain is doubtful; however, an eolian derivation is (7) Accumulations around or modifications of tree- possible. As in other locales, these sediments tip mounds or cradle knolls. probably were deposited by a paleo-drainage system. Some of these hypotheses, such as (5) and (6), The San Pedro Creek terraces are over outcrops of seem unlikely for east Texas or the Gulf Coast. All of the Queen City Sand, Weches Formation, and Sparta the others are potentially applicable and, in one form Sand. The Hickory Creek terraces are on outcrops of or another, have been suggested for mound origin in the Sparta Sand and Cook Mountain Formation. east Texas and the Gulf Coast. Hypotheses (3) and (4) involving eolian effects Pimple Mounds seem the most plausible for east Texas and the Gulf Coast. Eolian accumulation suggests a partly non- Pimple mounds are enigmatic circular to elliptical pedogenic origin for the thickened A and E horizons knolls, 20 to 80 feet in diameter, and less than 4 feet and perhaps drier climates than at present. It should Houston County, Texas 233
be noted that the descriptions of the Multey and the time of flood plain sediment deposition along Sawlit soils refer to their surfaces as “wind modified.” streams. These streams include the Neches River, Trinity River, and their tributaries. Holocene Alluvium The Pophers-Koury, Texark-Kaufman, and Laneville-Nahatche-Hannahatchee general soil map The term “Holocene” has been defined as covering units have developed in Holocene alluvium. the past 10,000 years (Hopkins, 1975). Locally, this is
235
References
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Alford, J.J. and J.C. Holmes. 1985. Meander scars as evidence of major climatic change in southwest Louisiana: annals of the Association of American Geographers, volume 75, pp. 395-403.
American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO). 1986. Standard specifications for highway materials and methods of sampling and testing. 14th edition, 2 volumes.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). 1993. Standard classification of soils for engineering purposes. ASTM Standard D 2487.
Aronow, Saul. 1988. Surface geology. In Soil survey of Angelina County, Texas, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Raymond Dolozel, pp. 114-121.
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Bernard, H.A. and R.J. LeBlanc. 1965. Resume of the Quaternary of the Northwestern Gulf of Mexico Province. In The Quaternary of the United States, H.E. Wright and D.G. Frey, editors, Princeton University Press, pp. 137-185.
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Broadfoot, Walter M. 1963. Guide for evaluating water oak sites. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Res. Paper SO-1.
Broadfoot, Walter M. 1964. Soil suitability for hardwoods in the midsouth. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, Res. Note SO-10. 236 Soil Survey
Cox, G.W. 1984. Mounds of mystery. In Natural History, volume 93, number 6, pp. 36-45.
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United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. National engineering handbook. (Available in the State Office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service at Temple, Texas.) Houston County, Texas 237
United States Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. National forestry manual. (Available in the State Office of the Natural Resources Conservation Service at Temple, Texas.)
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Glossary
ABC soil. A soil having an A, a B, and a C horizon. Backslope. The geomorphic component that forms Absorbants. Substances used in seedling root the steepest inclined surface and principal treatments for the purpose of holding and element of many hillsides. Backslopes in profile drawing moisture. are commonly steep, are linear, and may or may Aeration, soil. The exchange of air in soil with air not include cliff segments. from the atmosphere. The air in a well aerated Basal area. The area of a cross section of a tree, soil is similar to that in the atmosphere; the air in generally referring to the section at breast height a poorly aerated soil is considerably higher in and measured outside the bark. It is a measure of carbon dioxide and lower in oxygen. stand density, commonly expressed in square Aggregate, soil. Many fine particles held in a single feet. mass or cluster. Natural soil aggregates, such as Base saturation. The degree to which material granules, blocks, or prisms, are called peds. having cation-exchange properties is saturated Clods are aggregates produced by tillage or with exchangeable bases (sum of Ca, Mg, Na, logging. and K), expressed as a percentage of the total Alluvium. Material, such as sand, silt, or clay, cation-exchange capacity. deposited on land by streams. Bedding planes. Fine strata, less than 5 millimeters Alpha,alpha-dipyridyl. A dye that when dissolved in thick, in unconsolidated alluvial, eolian, 1N ammonium acetate is used to detect the lacustrine, or marine sediment. presence of reduced iron (Fe II) in the soil. A Bedrock. The solid rock that underlies the soil and positive reaction indicates a type of other unconsolidated material or that is exposed redoximorphic feature. at the surface. Animal unit month (AUM). The amount of forage Bottomland. The normal flood plain of a stream, required by one mature cow of approximately subject to flooding. 1,000 pounds weight, with or without a calf, for Calcareous soil. A soil containing enough calcium 1 month. carbonate (commonly combined with magnesium Aquic conditions. Current soil wetness carbonate) to effervesce visibly when treated with characterized by saturation, reduction, and cold, dilute hydrochloric acid. redoximorphic features. Capillary water. Water held as a film around soil Argillic horizon. A subsoil horizon characterized by particles and in tiny spaces between particles. an accumulation of illuvial clay. Surface tension is the adhesive force that holds Aspect. The direction in which a slope faces. capillary water in the soil. Available water capacity (available moisture Catena. A sequence, or “chain,” of soils on a capacity). The capacity of soils to hold water landscape that formed in similar kinds of parent available for use by most plants. It is commonly material but have different characteristics as a defined as the difference between the amount of result of differences in relief and drainage. soil water at field moisture capacity and the Cation. An ion carrying a positive charge of amount at wilting point. It is commonly expressed electricity. The common soil cations are calcium, as inches of water per inch of soil. The capacity, potassium, magnesium, sodium, and hydrogen. in inches, in a 60-inch profile or to a limiting layer Cation-exchange capacity. The total amount of is expressed as: exchangeable cations that can be held by the Very low ...... 0 to 3 soil, expressed in terms of milliequivalents per Low ...... 3 to 6 100 grams of soil at neutrality (pH 7.0) or at some Moderate ...... 6 to 9 other stated pH value. The term, as applied to High ...... 9 to 12 soils, is synonymous with base-exchange Very high ...... more than 12 capacity but is more precise in meaning. 240 Soil Survey
Clay. As a soil separate, the mineral soil particles are needed on all tilled soils. Soil-improving less than 0.002 millimeter in diameter. As a soil practices in a conservation cropping system textural class, soil material that is 40 percent or include the use of rotations that contain grasses more clay, less than 45 percent sand, and less and legumes and the return of crop residue to the than 40 percent silt. soil. Other practices include the use of green Clay depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low manure crops of grasses and legumes, proper content of iron, manganese, and clay because of tillage, adequate fertilization, and weed and pest the chemical reduction of iron and manganese control. and the removal of iron, manganese, and clay. A Conservation tillage. A tillage system that does not type of redoximorphic depletion. invert the soil and that leaves a protective amount Clay film. A thin coating of oriented clay on the of crop residue on the surface throughout the surface of a soil aggregate or lining pores or root year. channels. Synonyms: clay coating, clay skin. Consistence, soil. Refers to the degree of cohesion Clayey soil. Silty clay, sandy clay, or clay. and adhesion of soil material and its resistance Claypan. A slowly permeable soil horizon that to deformation when ruptured. Consistence contains much more clay than the horizons above includes resistance of soil material to rupture and it. A claypan is commonly hard when dry and to penetration; plasticity, toughness, and plastic or stiff when wet. stickiness of puddled soil material; and the Climax plant community. The stabilized plant manner in which the soil material behaves when community on a particular site. The plant cover subject to compression. Terms describing reproduces itself and does not change so long as consistence are defined in the “Soil Survey the environment remains the same. Manual.” Coarse textured soil. Sand or loamy sand. Contour stripcropping. Growing crops in strips that Colluvium. Soil material or rock fragments, or both, follow the contour. Strips of grass or close- moved by creep, slide, or local wash and growing crops are alternated with strips of clean- deposited at the base of steep slopes. tilled crops or summer fallow. Complex slope. Irregular or variable slope. Planning Control section. The part of the soil on which or establishing terraces, diversions, and other classification is based. The thickness varies water-control structures on a complex slope is among different kinds of soil, but for many it is difficult. that part of the soil profile between depths of 10 Complex, soil. A map unit of two or more kinds of inches and 40 or 80 inches. soil or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate Corrosion. Soil-induced electrochemical or chemical pattern or so small in area that it is not practical action that dissolves or weakens concrete or to map them separately at the selected scale of uncoated steel. mapping. The pattern and proportion of the soils Cover crop. A close-growing crop grown primarily to or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in improve and protect the soil between periods of all areas. regular crop production, or a crop grown between Compressible (in tables). Excessive decrease in trees and vines in orchards and vineyards. volume of soft soil under load. Cropping system. Growing crops according to a Concretions. Cemented bodies with crude internal planned system of rotation and management symmetry organized around a point, a line, or a practices. plane. They typically take the form of concentric Crop residue management. Returning crop residue layers visible to the naked eye. Calcium to the soil, which helps to maintain soil structure, carbonate, iron oxide, and manganese oxide are organic matter content, and fertility and helps to common compounds making up concretions. If control erosion. formed in place, concretions of iron oxide or Crown. The upper part of a tree or shrub, including manganese oxide are generally considered a the living branches and their foliage. type of redoximorphic concentration. Crowning. A road construction method in which the Conservation cropping system. Growing crops in road surface is built higher in the center than on combination with needed cultural and either side for the purpose of shedding surface management practices. In a good conservation water runoff. cropping system, the soil-improving crops and Cutbanks cave (in tables). The walls of excavations practices more than offset the effects of the soil- tend to cave in or slough. depleting crops and practices. Cropping systems Deadening. A method of timber stand improvement Houston County, Texas 241
in which the trees to be killed are injected with Erosion (geologic). Erosion caused by geologic chemicals. processes acting over long geologic periods and Deferred grazing. Postponing grazing or resting resulting in the wearing away of mountains and grazing land for a prescribed period. the building up of such landscape features as Dense layer (in tables). A very firm, massive layer flood plains and coastal plains. Synonym: natural that has a bulk density of more than 1.8 grams erosion. per cubic centimeter. Such a layer affects the Erosion (accelerated). Erosion much more rapid than ease of digging and can affect filling and geologic erosion, mainly as a result of human or compacting. animal activities or of a catastrophe in nature, Depth, soil. Generally, the thickness of the soil over such as a fire, that exposes the surface. bedrock. Very deep soils are more than 60 inches Escarpment. A relatively continuous and steep slope deep over bedrock; deep soils, 40 to 60 inches; or cliff breaking the general continuity of more moderately deep, 20 to 40 inches; shallow, 10 to gently sloping land surfaces and resulting from 20 inches; and very shallow, less than 10 inches. erosion or faulting. Synonym: scarp. Depth to bedrock (in tables). Bedrock is too near the Excess fines (in tables). Excess silt and clay in the surface for the specified use. soil. The soil does not provide a source of gravel Diversion (or diversion terrace). A ridge of earth, or sand for construction purposes. generally a terrace, built to protect downslope Excess salts (in tables). Excess water-soluble salts areas by diverting runoff from its natural course. in the soil that restrict the growth of most plants. Doyle Rule. A widely used mathematical formula that Excess sodium (in tables). Excess exchangeable gives board foot yields from logs based on sodium in the soil. The resulting poor physical diameter and length. For 16-foot logs, volume, in properties restrict the growth of plants. board feet, equals the diameter of the log minus 4 Fallow. Cropland left idle in order to restore squared. productivity through accumulation of moisture. Drainage class (natural). Refers to the frequency Summer fallow is common in regions of limited and duration of wet periods under conditions rainfall where cereal grain is grown. The soil is similar to those under which the soil formed. tilled for at least one growing season for weed Alterations of the water regime by human control and decomposition of plant residue. activities, either through drainage or irrigation, Fast intake (in tables). The rapid movement of water are not a consideration unless they have into the soil. significantly changed the morphology of the soil. Fertility, soil. The quality that enables a soil to Seven classes of natural soil drainage are provide plant nutrients, in adequate amounts and recognized—excessively drained, somewhat in proper balance, for the growth of specified excessively drained, well drained, moderately well plants when light, moisture, temperature, tilth, drained, somewhat poorly drained, poorly drained, and other growth factors are favorable. and very poorly drained. These classes are Field moisture capacity. The moisture content of a defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” soil, expressed as a percentage of the ovendry Drainage, surface. Runoff, or surface flow of water, weight, after the gravitational, or free, water has from an area. drained away; the field moisture content 2 or 3 Eluviation. The movement of material in true solution days after a soaking rain; also called normal field or colloidal suspension from one place to another capacity, normal moisture capacity, or capillary within the soil. Soil horizons that have lost capacity. material through eluviation are eluvial; those that Fine textured soil. Sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. have received material are illuvial. Flood plain. A nearly level alluvial plain that borders Endosaturation. A type of saturation of the soil in a stream and is subject to flooding unless which all horizons between the upper boundary of protected artificially. saturation and a depth of 2 meters are saturated. Fluvial. Of or pertaining to rivers; produced by river Episaturation. A type of saturation indicating a action, as a fluvial plain. perched water table in a soil in which saturated Footslope. The inclined surface at the base of a hill. layers are underlain by one or more unsaturated Forb. Any herbaceous plant not a grass or a sedge. layers within 2 meters of the surface. Forest cover. All trees and other woody plants Erosion. The wearing away of the land surface by (underbrush) covering the ground in a forest. water, wind, ice, or other geologic agents and by Fragile (in tables). A soil that is easily damaged by such processes as gravitational creep. use or disturbance. 242 Soil Survey
Fragipan. A loamy, brittle subsurface horizon low in from these crops can be used to control erosion porosity and content of organic matter and low or until the next crop in the rotation is established. moderate in clay but high in silt or very fine sand. These crops return large amounts of organic A fragipan appears cemented and restricts roots. matter to the soil. When dry, it is hard or very hard and has a higher Horizon, soil. A layer of soil, approximately parallel bulk density than the horizon or horizons above. to the surface, having distinct characteristics When moist, it tends to rupture suddenly under produced by soil-forming processes. In the pressure rather than to deform slowly. identification of soil horizons, an uppercase letter Genesis, soil. The mode of origin of the soil. Refers represents the major horizons. Numbers or especially to the processes or soil-forming lowercase letters that follow represent factors responsible for the formation of the solum, subdivisions of the major horizons. An or true soil, from the unconsolidated parent explanation of the subdivisions is given in the material. “Soil Survey Manual.” The major horizons of Gilgai. Commonly, a succession of microbasins and mineral soil are as follows: microknolls in nearly level areas or of O horizon.—An organic layer of fresh and microvalleys and microridges parallel with the decaying plant residue. slope. Typically, the microrelief of clayey soils A horizon.—The mineral horizon at or near the that shrink and swell considerably with changes surface in which an accumulation of humified in moisture content. organic matter is mixed with the mineral material. Gleyed soil. Soil that formed under poor drainage, Also, a plowed surface horizon, most of which resulting in the reduction of iron and other was originally part of a B horizon. elements in the profile and in gray colors. E horizon.—The mineral horizon in which the Glauconite. A greenish micaceous mineral main feature is loss of silicate clay, iron, consisting essentially of potassium, aluminum, aluminum, or some combination of these. and iron that weathers to an olive yellow, yellow, B horizon.—The mineral horizon below an A or reddish weakly consolidated material high in horizon. The B horizon is in part a layer of iron. transition from the overlying A to the underlying C Grassed waterway. A natural or constructed horizon. The B horizon also has distinctive waterway, typically broad and shallow, seeded to characteristics, such as (1) accumulation of clay, grass as protection against erosion. Conducts sesquioxides, humus, or a combination of these; surface water away from cropland. (2) prismatic or blocky structure; (3) redder or Gravel. Rounded or angular fragments of rock as browner colors than those in the A horizon; or (4) much as 3 inches (2 millimeters to 7.6 a combination of these. centimeters) in diameter. An individual piece is a C horizon.—The mineral horizon or layer, pebble. excluding indurated bedrock, that is little affected Gravelly soil material. Material that is 15 to 35 by soil-forming processes and does not have the percent, by volume, rounded or angular rock properties typical of the overlying soil material. fragments, not prominently flattened, as much as The material of a C horizon may be either like or 3 inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. unlike that in which the solum formed. If the Green manure crop (agronomy). A soil-improving material is known to differ from that in the solum, crop grown to be plowed under in an early stage an Arabic numeral, commonly a 2, precedes the of maturity or soon after maturity. letter C. Ground water. Water filling all the unblocked pores Cr horizon.—Soft, consolidated bedrock beneath of the material below the water table. the soil. Gully. A miniature valley with steep sides cut by Humus. The well decomposed, more or less stable running water and through which water ordinarily part of the organic matter in mineral soils. runs only after rainfall. The distinction between a Hydrologic soil groups. Refers to soils grouped gully and a rill is one of depth. A gully generally is according to their runoff potential. The soil an obstacle to farm machinery and is too deep to properties that influence this potential are those be obliterated by ordinary tillage; a rill is of lesser that affect the minimum rate of water infiltration depth and can be smoothed over by ordinary on a bare soil during periods after prolonged tillage. wetting when the soil is not frozen. These High-residue crops. Such crops as small grain and properties are depth to a seasonal high water corn used for grain. If properly managed, residue table, the infiltration rate and permeability after Houston County, Texas 243
prolonged wetting, and depth to a very slowly surface through pipes or nozzles from a pressure permeable layer. The slope and the kind of plant system. cover are not considered but are separate factors Krotovina. A former animal burrow in one soil in predicting runoff. horizon that has been filled with organic matter or Illuviation. The movement of soil material from one material from another horizon. horizon to another in the soil profile. Generally, Lacustrine deposit. Material deposited in lake water material is removed from an upper horizon and and exposed when the water level is lowered or deposited in a lower horizon. the elevation of the land is raised. Impervious soil. A soil through which water, air, or Large stones (in tables). Rock fragments 3 inches roots penetrate slowly or not at all. No soil is (7.6 centimeters) or more across. Large stones absolutely impervious to air and water all the adversely affect the specified use of the soil. time. Leaching. The removal of soluble material from soil Increasers. Species in the climax vegetation that or other material by percolating water. increase in amount as the more desirable plants Liquid limit. The moisture content at which the soil are reduced by close grazing. Increasers passes from a plastic to a liquid state. commonly are the shorter plants and the less Loam. Soil material that is 7 to 27 percent clay palatable to livestock. particles, 28 to 50 percent silt particles, and less Infiltration. The downward entry of water into the than 52 percent sand particles. immediate surface of soil or other material, as Loess. Fine grained material, dominantly of silt-sized contrasted with percolation, which is movement particles, deposited by wind. of water through soil layers or material. Low strength. The soil is not strong enough to Infiltration capacity. The maximum rate at which support loads. water can infiltrate into a soil under a given set of Marl. An earthy, unconsolidated deposit consisting conditions. chiefly of calcium carbonate mixed with clay in Infiltration rate. The rate at which water penetrates approximately equal amounts. the surface of the soil at any given instant, Masses. Concentrations of substances in the soil usually expressed in inches per hour. The rate matrix that do not have a clearly defined can be limited by the infiltration capacity of the boundary with the surrounding soil material and soil or the rate at which water is applied at the cannot be removed as a discrete unit. Common surface. compounds making up masses are calcium Invaders. On range, plants that encroach into an carbonate, gypsum or other soluble salts, iron area and grow after the climax vegetation has oxide, and manganese oxide. Masses consisting been reduced by grazing. Generally, plants of iron oxide or manganese oxide generally are invade following disturbance of the surface. considered a type of redoximorphic Iron depletions. Low-chroma zones having a low concentration. content of iron and manganese oxide because of Medium textured soil. Very fine sandy loam, loam, chemical reduction and removal, but having a silt loam, or silt. clay content similar to that of the adjacent matrix. Metamorphic rock. Rock of any origin altered in A type of redoximorphic depletion. mineralogical composition, chemical composition, Ironstone. An extremely hard reddish or dark brown or structure by heat, pressure, and movement. material formed by the secondary precipitation of Nearly all such rocks are crystalline. iron. Mineral soil. Soil that is mainly mineral material and Irrigation. Application of water to soils to assist in low in organic material. Its bulk density is more production of crops. Methods of irrigation are: than that of organic soil. Corrugation.—Water is applied to small, closely Minimum tillage. Only the tillage essential to crop spaced furrows or ditches in fields of close- production and prevention of soil damage. growing crops or in orchards so that it flows in Miscellaneous area. An area that has little or no only one direction. natural soil and supports little or no vegetation. Drip (or trickle).—Water is applied slowly and Moderately coarse textured soil. Coarse sandy under low pressure to the surface of the soil or loam, sandy loam, or fine sandy loam. into the soil through such applicators as emitters, Moderately deep soil. A soil that is 20 to 40 inches porous tubing, or perforated pipe. deep over bedrock or to other material that Sprinkler.—Water is sprayed over the soil restricts the penetration of plant roots. 244 Soil Survey
Moderately fine textured soil. Clay loam, sandy clay of organic matter in the surface layer is described loam, or silty clay loam. as follows: Mollic epipedon. A thick, dark, humus-rich surface Very low ...... less than 0.5 percent horizon (or horizons) that has high base Low ...... 0.5 to 1.0 percent saturation and pedogenic soil structure. It may Moderately low ...... 1.0 to 2.0 percent include the upper part of the subsoil. Moderate ...... 2.0 to 4.0 percent Morphology, soil. The physical makeup of the soil, High ...... 4.0 to 8.0 percent including the texture, structure, porosity, Very high ...... more than 8.0 percent consistence, color, and other physical, mineral, and biological properties of the various horizons, Pan. A compact, dense layer in a soil that impedes and the thickness and arrangement of those the movement of water and the growth of roots. horizons in the soil profile. For example, hardpan, fragipan, claypan, Mottling, soil. Irregular spots of different colors that plowpan, and traffic pan. vary in number and size. Descriptive terms are as Parent material. The unconsolidated organic and follows: abundance—few, common, and many; mineral material in which soil forms. size—fine, medium, and coarse; and contrast— Ped. An individual natural soil aggregate, such as a faint, distinct, and prominent. The size granule, a prism, or a block. measurements are of the diameter along the Pedon. The smallest volume that can be called “a greatest dimension. Fine indicates less than 5 soil.” A pedon is three dimensional and large millimeters (about 0.2 inch); medium, from 5 to 15 enough to permit study of all horizons. Its area millimeters (about 0.2 to 0.6 inch); and coarse, ranges from about 10 to 100 square feet (1 more than 15 millimeters (about 0.6 inch). square meter to 10 square meters), depending Mound. A low rounded hill of earth. on the variability of the soil. Muck. Dark, finely divided, well decomposed organic Percolation. The downward movement of water soil material. (See Sapric soil material.) through the soil. Mudstone. Sedimentary rock formed by induration of Percs slowly (in tables). The slow movement of silt and clay in approximately equal amounts. water through the soil adversely affects the Munsell notation. A designation of color by degrees specified use. of three simple variables—hue, value, and Permeability. The quality of the soil that enables chroma. For example, a notation of 10YR 6/4 is a water or air to move downward through the color with hue of 10YR, value of 6, and chroma of profile. The rate at which a saturated soil 4. transmits water is accepted as a measure of this Natric horizon. A special kind of argillic horizon that quality. In soil physics, the rate is referred to as contains enough exchangeable sodium to have “saturated hydraulic conductivity,” which is an adverse effect on the physical condition of the defined in the “Soil Survey Manual.” In line with subsoil. conventional usage in the engineering profession Neutral soil. A soil having a pH value of 6.6 to 7.3. and with traditional usage in published soil (See Reaction, soil.) surveys, this rate of flow continues to be Nodules. Cemented bodies lacking visible internal expressed as “permeability.” Terms describing structure. Calcium carbonate, iron oxide, and permeability, measured in inches per hour, are as manganese oxide are common compounds follows: making up nodules. If formed in place, nodules of Extremely slow ...... 0.0 to 0.01 inch iron oxide or manganese oxide are considered Very slow ...... 0.01 to 0.06 inch types of redoximorphic concentrations. Slow ...... 0.06 to 0.2 inch Nutrient, plant. Any element taken in by a plant Moderately slow ...... 0.2 to 0.6 inch essential to its growth. Plant nutrients are mainly Moderate ...... 0.6 inch to 2.0 inches nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, Moderately rapid ...... 2.0 to 6.0 inches magnesium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, Rapid ...... 6.0 to 20 inches boron, and zinc obtained from the soil and Very rapid ...... more than 20 inches carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen obtained from the air and water. Phase, soil. A subdivision of a soil series based on Organic matter. Plant and animal residue in the soil features that affect its use and management, in various stages of decomposition. The content such as slope, stoniness, and flooding. Houston County, Texas 245
pH value. A numerical designation of acidity and plants and promotes the accumulation of litter alkalinity in soil. (See Reaction, soil.) and mulch necessary to conserve soil and water. Piping (in tables). Formation of subsurface tunnels or Reaction, soil. A measure of acidity or alkalinity of a pipelike cavities by water moving through the soil, expressed in pH values. A soil that tests to soil. pH 7.0 is described as precisely neutral in Plasticity index. The numerical difference between reaction because it is neither acid nor alkaline. the liquid limit and the plastic limit; the range of The degrees of acidity or alkalinity, expressed as moisture content within which the soil remains pH values, are: plastic. Ultra acid ...... less than 3.5 Plastic limit. The moisture content at which a soil Extremely acid ...... 3.5 to 4.4 changes from semisolid to plastic. Very strongly acid ...... 4.5 to 5.0 Plinthite. The sesquioxide-rich, humus-poor, highly Strongly acid ...... 5.1 to 5.5 weathered mixture of clay with quartz and other Moderately acid ...... 5.6 to 6.0 diluents. It commonly appears as red mottles, Slightly acid ...... 6.1 to 6.5 usually in platy, polygonal, or reticulate patterns. Neutral ...... 6.6 to 7.3 Plinthite changes irreversibly to an ironstone Slightly alkaline ...... 7.4 to 7.8 hardpan or to irregular aggregates on repeated Moderately alkaline ...... 7.9 to 8.4 wetting and drying, especially if it is exposed also Strongly alkaline ...... 8.5 to 9.0 to heat from the sun. In a moist soil, plinthite can Very strongly alkaline ...... 9.1 and higher be cut with a spade. It is a form of laterite. Plowpan. A compacted layer formed in the soil Redoximorphic concentrations. Nodules, directly below the plowed layer. concretions, soft masses, pore linings, and other Ponding. Standing water on soils in closed features resulting from the accumulation of iron or depressions. Unless the soils are artificially manganese oxide. An indication of chemical drained, the water can be removed only by reduction and oxidation resulting from saturation. percolation or evapotranspiration. Redoximorphic depletions. Low-chroma zones from Poor filter (in tables). Because of rapid or very rapid which iron and manganese oxide or a permeability, the soil may not adequately filter combination of iron and manganese oxide and effluent from a waste disposal system. clay has been removed. These zones are Poorly graded. Refers to a coarse grained soil or soil indications of the chemical reduction of iron material consisting mainly of particles of nearly resulting from saturation. the same size. Because there is little difference in Redoximorphic features. Redoximorphic size of the particles, density can be increased concentrations, redoximorphic depletions, only slightly by compaction. reduced matrices, a positive reaction to Poor outlets (in tables). Refers to areas where alpha,alpha-dipyridyl, and other features surface or subsurface drainage outlets are indicating the chemical reduction and oxidation of difficult or expensive to install. iron and manganese compounds resulting from Potential rooting depth (effective rooting depth). saturation. Depth to which roots could penetrate if the Reduced matrix. A soil matrix that has low chroma in content of moisture in the soil were adequate. situ because of chemically reduced iron (Fe II). The soil has no properties restricting the The chemical reduction results from nearly penetration of roots to this depth. continuous wetness. The matrix undergoes a Productivity, soil. The capability of a soil for change in hue or chroma within 30 minutes after producing a specified plant or sequence of plants exposure to air as the iron is oxidized (Fe III). A under specific management. type of redoximorphic feature. Profile, soil. A vertical section of the soil extending Regolith. The unconsolidated mantle of weathered through all its horizons and into the parent rock and soil material on the earth’s surface; the material. loose earth material above the solid rock. Proper grazing use. Grazing at an intensity that Release. The removal of all plants competing with or maintains enough cover to protect the soil and overtopping desirable seedlings. maintain or improve the quantity and quality of Relief. The elevations or inequalities of a land the desirable vegetation. This practice increases surface, considered collectively. the vigor and reproduction capacity of the key Residuum (residual soil material). Unconsolidated, weathered or partly weathered mineral material 246 Soil Survey
that accumulated as consolidated rock and the overlying eluvial horizon. (See disintegrated in place. Eluviation.) Rill. A steep-sided channel resulting from Series, soil. A group of soils that have profiles that accelerated erosion. A rill generally is a few are almost alike, except for differences in texture inches deep and not wide enough to be an of the surface layer. All the soils of a series have obstacle to farm machinery. horizons that are similar in composition, Road cut. A sloping surface produced by mechanical thickness, and arrangement. means during road construction. It is commonly Shale. Sedimentary rock formed by the hardening of on the uphill side of the road. a clay deposit. Rock fragments. Rock or mineral fragments having Sheet erosion. The removal of a fairly uniform layer a diameter of 2 millimeters or more; for example, of soil material from the land surface by the pebbles, cobbles, stones, and boulders. action of rainfall and surface runoff. Roller chopping. A site preparation method in which Shrink-swell (in tables). The shrinking of soil when competing vegetation is chopped by pulling a dry and the swelling when wet. Shrinking and rolling drum with attached cutting blades over it. swelling can damage roads, dams, building Rooting depth (in tables). Shallow root zone. The foundations, and other structures. It can also soil is shallow over a layer that greatly restricts damage plant roots. roots. Silica. A combination of silicon and oxygen. The Root zone. The part of the soil that can be mineral form is called quartz. penetrated by plant roots. Silt. As a soil separate, individual mineral particles Runoff. The precipitation discharged into stream that range in diameter from the upper limit of clay channels from an area. The water that flows off (0.002 millimeter) to the lower limit of very fine the surface of the land without sinking into the sand (0.05 millimeter). As a soil textural class, soil is called surface runoff. Water that enters the soil that is 80 percent or more silt and less than soil before reaching surface streams is called 12 percent clay. ground-water runoff or seepage flow from ground Siltstone. Sedimentary rock made up of dominantly water. silt-sized particles. Saline soil. A soil containing soluble salts in an Similar soils. Soils that share limits of diagnostic amount that impairs growth of plants. A saline criteria, behave and perform in a similar manner, soil does not contain excess exchangeable and have similar conservation needs or sodium. management requirements for the major land Sand. As a soil separate, individual rock or mineral uses in the survey area. fragments from 0.05 millimeter to 2.0 millimeters Site index. A designation of the quality of a forest in diameter. Most sand grains consist of quartz. site based on the height of the dominant stand at As a soil textural class, a soil that is 85 percent or an arbitrarily chosen age. For example, if the more sand and not more than 10 percent clay. average height attained by dominant and Sandstone. Sedimentary rock containing dominantly codominant trees in a fully stocked stand at the sand-sized particles. age of 50 years is 75 feet, the site index is 75. Saturation. Wetness characterized by zero or Site preparation. Preparing an area of land for positive pressure of the soil water. Under planting, direct seeding, or natural regeneration conditions of saturation, the water will flow from of trees by clearing, chemical vegetation control, the soil matrix into an unlined auger hole. burning, disking, chopping, bedding, windrowing, Sedimentary rock. Rock made up of particles raking, or a combination thereof. deposited from suspension in water. The chief Slickensides. Polished and grooved surfaces kinds of sedimentary rock are conglomerate, produced by one mass sliding past another. In formed from gravel; sandstone, formed from soils, slickensides may occur at the bases of slip sand; shale, formed from clay; and limestone, surfaces on the steeper slopes; on faces of formed from soft masses of calcium carbonate. blocks, prisms, and columns; and in swelling There are many intermediate types. Some wind- clayey soils, where there is marked change in deposited sand is consolidated into sandstone. moisture content. Seepage (in tables). The movement of water through Slick spot. A small area of soil having a puddled, the soil. Seepage adversely affects the specified crusted, or smooth surface and an excess of use. exchangeable sodium. The soil generally is silty Sequum. A sequence consisting of an illuvial horizon Houston County, Texas 247
or clayey, is slippery when wet, and is low in Fine sand ...... 0.25 to 0.10 productivity. Very fine sand ...... 0.10 to 0.05 Slippage (in tables). Soil mass susceptible to Silt ...... 0.05 to 0.002 movement downslope when loaded, excavated, Clay ...... less than 0.002 or wet. Slope. The inclination of the land surface from the Solum. The upper part of a soil profile, above the C horizontal. Percentage of slope is the vertical horizon, in which the processes of soil formation distance divided by horizontal distance, then are active. The solum in soil consists of the A, E, multiplied by 100. Thus, a slope of 20 percent is a and B horizons. Generally, the characteristics of drop of 20 feet in 100 feet of horizontal distance. the material in these horizons are unlike those of In this survey, classes for simple slopes are as the material below the solum. The living roots and follows: plant and animal activities are largely confined to Nearly level ...... 0 to 1 percent the solum. Very gently sloping to ...... 1 to 3 percent Stand improvement. The control of plants that are Gently sloping ...... 3 to 5 percent undesirable, either because of species, form, or Moderately sloping ...... 5 to 8 percent competition to desirable plants, for the purpose of Strongly sloping ...... 8 to 12 percent improving a stand’s composition, growth, or Moderately steep ...... 12 to 20 percent condition. Steep ...... 20 to 45 percent Stone line. A concentration of coarse fragments in a soil. Generally, it is indicative of an old weathered surface. In a cross section, the line may be one Classes for complex slopes are as follows: fragment or more thick. It generally overlies Nearly level ...... 0 to 3 percent material that weathered in place and is overlain Gently undulating ...... 1 to 5 percent by recent sediment of variable thickness. Undulating ...... 1 to 8 percent Stones. Rock fragments 10 to 24 inches (25 to 60 Rolling ...... 5 to 10 percent centimeters) in diameter if rounded or 15 to 24 Hilly ...... 10 to 20 percent inches (38 to 60 centimeters) in length if flat. Steep ...... 20 to 45 percent Stony. Refers to a soil containing stones in numbers that interfere with or prevent tillage. Slope (in tables). Slope is great enough that special Streamside management zone. An area of 50 or practices are required to ensure satisfactory more feet on both sides of a stream where extra performance of the soil for a specific use. precaution is needed in carrying out forest Slow intake (in tables). The slow movement of water practices in order to protect streambank edges into the soil. and water quality. Slow refill (in tables). The slow filling of ponds, Stripcropping. Growing crops in a systematic resulting from restricted permeability in the soil. arrangement of strips or bands that provide Small stones (in tables). Rock fragments less than 3 vegetative barriers to wind erosion and water inches (7.6 centimeters) in diameter. Small erosion. stones adversely affect the specified use of the Structure, soil. The arrangement of primary soil soil. particles into compound particles or aggregates. Soil. A natural, three-dimensional body at the earth’s The principal forms of soil structure are—platy surface. It is capable of supporting plants and has (laminated), prismatic (vertical axis of properties resulting from the integrated effect of aggregates longer than horizontal), columnar climate and living matter acting on earthy parent (prisms with rounded tops), blocky (angular or material, as conditioned by relief over periods of subangular), and granular. Structureless soils are time. either single grained (each grain by itself, as in Soil separates. Mineral particles less than 2 dune sand) or massive (the particles adhering millimeters in equivalent diameter and ranging without any regular cleavage, as in many between specified size limits. The names and hardpans). sizes, in millimeters, of separates recognized in Stubble mulch. Stubble or other crop residue left on the United States are as follows: the soil or partly worked into the soil. It protects Very coarse sand ...... 2.0 to 1.0 the soil from wind erosion and water erosion after Coarse sand ...... 1.0 to 0.5 harvest, during preparation of a seedbed for the Medium sand ...... 0.5 to 0.25 248 Soil Survey
next crop, and during the early growing period of classes may be further divided by specifying the new crop. “coarse,” “fine,” or “very fine.” Subsoil. Technically, the B horizon; roughly, the part Thin layer (in tables). Otherwise suitable soil material of the solum below plow depth. that is too thin for the specified use. Subsoiling. Tilling a soil below normal plow depth, Tilth, soil. The physical condition of the soil as ordinarily to shatter a hardpan or claypan. related to tillage, seedbed preparation, seedling Substratum. The part of the soil below the solum. emergence, and root penetration. Subsurface layer. Technically, the E horizon. Toeslope. The outermost inclined surface at the base Generally refers to a leached horizon lighter in of a hill; part of a footslope. color and lower in content of organic matter than Topsoil. The upper part of the soil, which is the most the overlying surface layer. favorable material for plant growth. It is ordinarily Summer fallow. The tillage of uncropped land during rich in organic matter and is used to topdress the summer to control weeds and allow storage roadbanks, lawns, and land affected by mining. of moisture in the soil for the growth of a later Toxicity (in tables). Excessive amount of toxic crop. A practice common in semiarid regions, substances, such as sodium or sulfur, that where annual precipitation is not enough to severely hinder establishment of vegetation or produce a crop every year. Summer fallow is severely restrict plant growth. frequently practiced before planting winter grain. Trace elements. Chemical elements, for example, Surface layer. The soil ordinarily moved in tillage, or zinc, cobalt, manganese, copper, and iron, in its equivalent in uncultivated soil, ranging in soils in extremely small amounts. They are depth from 4 to 10 inches (10 to 25 centimeters). essential to plant growth. Frequently designated as the “plow layer,” or the Tuff. A compacted deposit that is 50 percent or more “Ap horizon.” volcanic ash and dust. Taxadjuncts. Soils that cannot be classified in a Underplanting. A regeneration method in which series recognized in the classification system. seedlings are planted beneath existing trees and Such soils are named for a series they strongly brush. A follow-up operation to release the resemble and are designated as taxadjuncts to seedlings will be needed. that series because they differ in ways too small Unstable fill (in tables). Risk of caving or sloughing to be of consequence in interpreting their use on banks of fill material. and behavior. Soils are recognized as taxadjuncts Upland. Land at a higher elevation, in general, than only when one or more of their characteristics the alluvial plain or stream terrace; land above are slightly outside the range defined for the the lowlands along streams. family of the series for which the soils are Valley. An elongated depressional area primarily named. developed by stream action. Terrace. An embankment, or ridge, constructed Valley fill. In glaciated regions, material deposited in across sloping soils on the contour or at a slight stream valleys by glacial meltwater. In angle to the contour. The terrace intercepts nonglaciated regions, alluvium deposited by surface runoff so that water soaks into the soil or heavily loaded streams. flows slowly to a prepared outlet. A terrace in a Variegation. Refers to patterns of contrasting colors field generally is built so that the field can be assumed to be inherited from the parent material farmed. A terrace intended mainly for drainage rather than to be the result of poor drainage. has a deep channel that is maintained in Water bars. Smooth, shallow ditches or depressional permanent sod. areas that are excavated at an angle across a Terrace (geologic). An old alluvial plain, ordinarily flat sloping road. They are used to reduce the or undulating, bordering a river, a lake, or the downward velocity of water and divert it off and sea. away from the road surface. Water bars can Texture, soil. The relative proportions of sand, silt, easily be driven over if constructed properly. and clay particles in a mass of soil. The basic Weathering. All physical and chemical changes textural classes, in order of increasing proportion produced in rocks or other deposits at or near the of fine particles, are sand, loamy sand, sandy earth’s surface by atmospheric agents. These loam, loam, silt loam, silt, sandy clay loam, clay changes result in disintegration and loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, and decomposition of the material. clay. The sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam Well graded. Refers to soil material consisting of Houston County, Texas 249
coarse grained particles that are well distributed Wilting point (or permanent wilting point). The over a wide range in size or diameter. Such soil moisture content of soil, on an ovendry basis, at normally can be easily increased in density and which a plant (specifically a sunflower) wilts so bearing properties by compaction. Contrasts with much that it does not recover when placed in a poorly graded soil. humid, dark chamber. Windthrow. The uprooting and tipping over of trees by the wind.
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Tables 252 Soil Survey
Table 1.--Temperature and Precipitation
(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Crockett, Texas)
______| | | Temperature | Precipitation |______| | | | | 2 years in | | |2 years in 10| | | | | |______10 will have-- | Average | |______will have-- | Average | Month |Average|Average|Average| | |number of|Average| | |number of|Average | daily | daily | daily | Maximum | Minimum | growing | | Less | More |days with|snowfall |maximum|minimum| |temperature|temperature| degree | |than--|than--|0.10 inch| | | | | higher | lower | days* | | | | or more | ______| | | | than-- | than-- | | | | | | | o F_ | o F_ | o F_ | o_F | o_F | _____Units | __In | __In | __In | | __In | | | | | | | | | | | January-----| 56.7 | 34.1 | 45.4 | 79 | 12 | 229 | 3.42 | 1.26| 5.21| 6 | .5 | | | | | | | | | | | February----| 61.4 | 37.3 | 49.3 | 82 | 19 | 289 | 2.84 | 1.74| 3.83| 5 | .1 | | | | | | | | | | | March------| 69.9 | 44.9 | 57.4 | 86 | 24 | 543 | 3.20 | 1.58| 4.60| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | April------| 77.7 | 53.7 | 65.7 | 89 | 33 | 772 | 4.10 | 1.40| 6.34| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | May------| 83.8 | 61.2 | 72.5 | 93 | 45 | 1,005 | 4.37 | 1.97| 6.42| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | June------| 89.7 | 67.9 | 78.8 | 98 | 55 | 1,165 | 3.68 | 1.47| 5.54| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | July------| 93.5 | 70.8 | 82.2 | 102 | 62 | 1,309 | 2.89 | 0.88| 4.52| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | August------| 94.4 | 70.1 | 82.3 | 104 | 60 | 1,265 | 2.33 | 0.66| 3.67| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | September---| 88.4 | 65.5 | 76.9 | 100 | 47 | 1,109 | 4.45 | 1.93| 6.60| 5 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | October-----| 80.0 | 54.1 | 67.0 | 92 | 35 | 807 | 3.43 | 1.12| 5.53| 4 | 0.0 | | | | | | | | | | | November----| 69.3 | 44.9 | 57.1 | 86 | 25 | 515 | 3.79 | 1.92| 5.42| 5 | 0.1 | | | | | | | | | | | December----| 60.5 | 37.0 | 48.7 | 80 | 15 | 310 | 3.58 | 1.95| 5.01| 6 | 0.2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Yearly: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Average---| 77.1 | 53.5 | 65.3 | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Extreme---| 108 | --- | --- | 104 | 10 | --- | --- | ---| ---| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Total-----| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 9,318 | 42.06 | 34.51| 49.11| 58 | 0.9 ______| | | | | | | | | | |
* A growing degree day is a unit of heat available for plant growth. It can be calculated by adding the maximum and minimum daily temperatures, dividing the sum by 2, and subtracting the temperature below which growth is minimal for the principal crops in the area (threshold: 40 degrees F). Houston County, Texas 253
Table 2.--Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall
(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Crockett, Texas)
______| | Temperature |______Probability | | | | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF ______| or lower | or lower | or lower | | | | | | Last freezing | | | temperature | | | in spring: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | later than-- | Mar. 5 | Mar. 20 | Mar. 30 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | later than-- | Feb. 26 | Mar. 14 | Mar. 25 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | later than-- | Feb. 11 | Mar. 1 | Mar. 16 | | | First freezing | | | temperature | | | in fall: | | | | | | 1 year in 10 | | | earlier than-- | Nov. 19 | Nov. 10 | Oct. 27 | | | 2 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | Nov. 28 | Nov. 18 | Nov. 3 | | | 5 years in 10 | | | earlier than-- | Dec. 16 | Dec. 4 | Nov. 16 ______| | |
Table 3.--Growing Season
(Recorded in the period 1961-90 at Crockett, Texas)
______| | Daily minimum temperature | during growing season |______Probability | | | | Higher | Higher | Higher | than | than | than | 24 oF | 28 oF | 32 oF ______| | | | ____Days | ____Days | ____Days | | | | | | 9 years in 10 | 272 | 246 | 226 | | | 8 years in 10 | 280 | 254 | 232 | | | 5 years in 10 | 294 | 270 | 245 | | | 2 years in 10 | 309 | 286 | 258 | | | 1 year in 10 | 316 | 294 | 265 ______| | | 254 Soil Survey
Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils ______| | | Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent ______symbol| | | | | | | | | AaB |Alazan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 7,866 | 1.0 AbA |Alazan-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 7,545 | 1.0 AfB |Alto fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 11,292 | 1.4 AnA |Annona loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 11,499 | 1.5 AnB |Annona loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 8,027 | 1.0 AtB |Attoyac fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 3,136 | 0.4 AuB |Austonio fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 3,710 | 0.5 AuD |Austonio fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 5,514 | 0.7 BaB |Bernaldo fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 7,217 | 0.9 BbA |Bernaldo-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 1,627 | 0.2 BeA |Besner fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 4,290 | 0.5 BtC |Betis loamy fine sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 19,540 | 2.4 BwB |Bowie fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 6,136 | 0.8 ChA |Chireno loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 1,341 | 0.2 CtE |Cuthbert fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 33,184 | 4.2 CtG |Cuthbert fine sandy loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes------| 1,385 | 0.2 CuE |Cuthbert gravelly fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 1,172 | 0.1 DaC |Darco loamy fine sand, 1 to 8 percent slopes------| 19,892 | 2.5 DaE |Darco loamy fine sand, 8 to 15 percent slopes------| 6,601 | 0.8 EaA |Eastham clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 2,436 | 0.3 EaB |Eastham clay, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 2,299 | 0.3 ErB |Elrose fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 3,974 | 0.5 EtB |Etoile loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 14,224 | 1.8 FrB |Freestone fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 17,186 | 2.1 FsA |Freestone-Derly complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 18,513 | 2.3 FuA |Fuller fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 2,672 | 0.3 FuB |Fuller fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 55,837 | 7.0 GaA |Garner clay, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 2,653 | 0.3 GrB |Grapeland fine sand, 1 to 4 percent slopes------| 3,902 | 0.5 HaA |Hainesville fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 5,248 | 0.6 HbC |Hallsbluff clay loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 1,747 | 0.2 Hc |Hannahatchee fine sandy loam, frequently flooded------| 3,669 | 0.5 HeA |Herty loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 1,388 | 0.2 HeB |Herty loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 30,489 | 3.9 Iu |Iulus fine sandy loam, frequently flooded------| 7,717 | 1.0 Ka |Kaufman clay, occasionally flooded------| 11,206 | 1.4 Kb |Kaufman clay, frequently flooded------| 2,496 | 0.3 KcE |Kellison loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 2,094 | 0.3 KeB |Keltys fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 19,388 | 2.4 KeD |Keltys fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 679 | 0.1 KfC |Kirvin fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 21,653 | 2.7 KgC |Kirvin gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 2,761 | 0.3 KhC |Kirvin soils, graded, 2 to 8 percent slopes------| 1,015 | 0.1 Ko |Kosse sandy clay loam, occasionally flooded------| 7,724 | 1.0 Kp |Koury silt loam, frequently flooded------| 17,896 | 2.3 KuB |Kurth fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 59,714 | 7.5 KuD |Kurth fine sandy loam, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 11,005 | 1.4 LaA |LaCerda clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 2,096 | 0.3 LaB |LaCerda clay loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 5,527 | 0.7 LaE |LaCerda clay loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 467 | 0.1 Lc |Laneville loam, frequently flooded------| 14,769 | 1.9 LeB |Latex loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 19,187 | 2.4 LtC |Lilbert loamy fine sand, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 26,055 | 3.3 LvC |Lovelady loamy sand, 1 to 5 percent slopes------| 6,304 | 0.8 LvD |Lovelady loamy sand, 5 to 8 percent slopes------| 1,521 | 0.2 MoA |Mollville loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 751 | 0.1 MpA |Mollville-Besner complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 3,773 | 0.5 MsB |Moswell loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 13,336 | 1.7 MsE |Moswell loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 11,080 | 1.4 MxA |Moten-Multey complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 21,934 | 2.8 NaG |Naclina clay loam, 15 to 35 percent slopes, eroded------| 101 | * Nc |Naconiche mucky sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 851 | 0.1 | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 255
Table 4.--Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the Soils--Continued ______| | | Map | Soil name | Acres |Percent ______symbol| | | | | | | | | Nh |Nahatche loam, frequently flooded------| 7,380 | 0.9 Oz |Ozias-Pophers complex, frequently flooded------| 9,276 | 1.2 PeB |Penning very fine sandy loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes------| 21,375 | 2.7 PnA |Percilla clay loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 421 | 0.1 Po |Pophers silt loam, frequently flooded------| 16,406 | 2.1 PsA |Portersprings fine sandy loam, 0 to 1 percent slopes------| 3,939 | 0.5 RnB |Rentzel loamy fine sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes------| 13,114 | 1.7 SaB |Sacul fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 7,338 | 0.9 SwA |Sawlit-Latex complex, 0 to 2 percent slopes------| 7,581 | 1.0 TaE |Tenaha loamy fine sand, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 18,004 | 2.3 Te |Texark clay, occasionally flooded------| 10,771 | 1.4 Tf |Texark clay, frequently flooded------| 4,344 | 0.5 ToC |Tonkawa fine sand, 0 to 8 percent slopes------| 802 | 0.1 TrE |Trawick fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 11,891 | 1.5 TwC |Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes------| 2,728 | 0.3 TwE |Trawick gravelly fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 625 | 0.1 TxG |Trawick-Bub complex, 15 to 40 percent slopes------| 1,284 | 0.2 WnB |Woden fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 1,644 | 0.2 WoB |Woodtell very fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 percent slopes------| 19,001 | 2.4 WoE |Woodtell very fine sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes------| 11,743 | 1.5 | Water------| 1,664 | 0.2 | |------|------| Total------| 791,642 | 100.0 ______| | |
* Less than 0.1 percent. 256 Soil Survey
Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture
(Yields are those that can be expected under a high level of management. Absence of a yield indicates that the soil is not suited to the crop or the crop generally is not grown on the soil.)
______| | | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | Grain | | | | Common | | Improved ______map symbol |capability| sorghum | Cotton | Peanuts |Watermelons|bermudagrass|Bahiagrass |bermudagrass | | __Bu | ___Lbs | ___Lbs | ____Tons | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | | AaB------| IIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 Alazan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA: | | | | | | | | Alazan------| IIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | Besner------| IIe | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | AfB------| IIe | --- | 500 | --- | --- | 5.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 Alto | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnA**------| IIIw | 55 | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 Annona | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnB------| IIIe | 55 | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 Annona | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AtB------| IIe | --- | --- | 2,500 | 12 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 Attoyac | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuB------| IIe | 70 | --- | --- | 15 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 Austonio | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuD------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 Austonio | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaB------| IIe | 70 | --- | 2,500 | 11 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 Bernaldo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BbA: | | | | | | | | Bernaldo------| IIe | 70 | --- | 2,500 | 11 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | Besner------| IIe | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | BeA------| IIe | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 7.0 | 9.0 Besner | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BtC------| IIIs | --- | --- | 1,700 | 10 | --- | --- | 6.0 Betis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BwB------| IIe | --- | --- | --- | 11 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 Bowie | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ChA------| IIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 Chireno | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.0 | 2.0 | 4.0 Cuthbert | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtG------| VIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- Cuthbert | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CuE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 Cuthbert | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DaC------| IVe | --- | --- | 1,000 | 11 | --- | --- | 6.0 Darco | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 257
Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | Grain | | | | Common | | Improved ______map symbol |capability| sorghum | Cotton | Peanuts |Watermelons|bermudagrass|Bahiagrass |bermudagrass | | __Bu | ___Lbs | ___Lbs | ____Tons | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | | DaE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 Darco | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaA------| IIw | 90 | 600 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 Eastham | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaB------| IIe | 90 | 550 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 Eastham | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ErB------| IIe | --- | --- | --- | 10 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 Elrose | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB------| IIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 6.0 | 6.0 Etoile | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FrB------| IIe | --- | 400 | --- | --- | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 Freestone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FsA: | | | | | | | | Freestone------| IIe | --- | 400 | --- | --- | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | Derly------| IIIw | --- | 260 | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | --- | | | | | | | | FuA------| IIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 Fuller | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuB------| IIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 4.0 | 5.0 Fuller | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA------| IIIw | 65 | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 Garner | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB------| IIIs | --- | --- | 2,400 | 9 | --- | --- | 6.0 Grapeland | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| IIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 Hainesville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HbC------| IIIe | 75 | 500 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 Hallsbluff | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hc------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 Hannahatchee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeA------| IIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 6.0 Herty | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeB------| IIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 6.0 Herty | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Iu------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.0 | 7.0 Iulus | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ka------| IIw | 100 | 500 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 Kaufman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kb------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 Kaufman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KcE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 Kellison | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 258 Soil Survey
Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | Grain | | | | Common | | Improved ______map symbol |capability| sorghum | Cotton | Peanuts |Watermelons|bermudagrass|Bahiagrass |bermudagrass | | __Bu | ___Lbs | ___Lbs | ____Tons | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | | KeB------| IIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 Keltys | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 Keltys | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KfC------| IIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | 5.0 | 7.0 Kirvin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KgC------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 Kirvin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KhC------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 Kirvin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ko------| IIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 9.0 Kosse | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.0 | 8.0 | 8.0 Koury | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB------| IIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 Kurth | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuD------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 Kurth | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaA------| IIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 8.0 LaCerda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaB------| IIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 8.0 LaCerda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | 4.0 LaCerda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lc------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 8.0 Laneville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB------| IIe | --- | --- | --- | 11 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 Latex | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LtC------| IIIs | --- | --- | 1,500 | 10 | --- | 3.0 | 8.0 Lilbert | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC------| IIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | 5.0 | 8.0 Lovelady | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvD------| IVe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 4.0 | 8.0 Lovelady | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MoA------| IVw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | 4.0 | --- Mollville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA: | | | | | | | | Mollville------| IVw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | 4.0 | --- | | | | | | | | Besner------| IIe | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | MsB------| IIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 | --- | 6.0 Moswell | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 259
Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | Grain | | | | Common | | Improved ______map symbol |capability| sorghum | Cotton | Peanuts |Watermelons|bermudagrass|Bahiagrass |bermudagrass | | __Bu | ___Lbs | ___Lbs | ____Tons | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | | MsE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | --- | 4.0 Moswell | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA: | | | | | | | | Moten------| IIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.0 | | | | | | | | Multey------| IIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | | | | | | | | NaG------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- Naclina | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nc------| VIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- Naconiche | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nh------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 Nahatche | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz: | | | | | | | | Ozias------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 1.0 | 3.0 | 1.0 | | | | | | | | Pophers------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 | | | | | | | | PeB------| IIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 7.0 | 8.0 Penning | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PnA------| IVw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 3.0 Percilla | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.0 | 5.0 | 3.0 Pophers | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PsA------| IIw | 70 | --- | --- | --- | 8.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 Portersprings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RnB------| IIIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 Rentzel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| IIIe | 80 | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 7.0 | 7.0 Sacul | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SwA: | | | | | | | | Sawlit------| IIw | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | | | | | | | | Latex------| IIe | --- | --- | --- | 11 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | | | | | | | | TaE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 3.0 | 5.0 Tenaha | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Te------| IIIw | 60 | 425 | --- | --- | --- | --- | 2.0 Texark | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tf------| Vw | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- Texark | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ToC------| IVs | --- | --- | --- | 8 | --- | --- | 1.0 Tonkawa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TrE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 5.0 Trawick | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 260 Soil Survey
Table 5.--Land Capability and Yields per Acre of Crops and Pasture--Continued ______| | | | | | | | Soil name and | Land | Grain | | | | Common | | Improved ______map symbol |capability| sorghum | Cotton | Peanuts |Watermelons|bermudagrass|Bahiagrass |bermudagrass | | __Bu | ___Lbs | ___Lbs | ____Tons | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | ____AUM* | | | | | | | | TwC------| IIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 Trawick | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TwE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 4.0 Trawick | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TxG: | | | | | | | | Trawick------| VIIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | Bub------| VIIs | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | WnB------| IIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 6.0 | 8.0 Woden | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoB------| IIIe | 70 | 300 | --- | --- | 3.0 | 4.0 | 6.0 Woodtell | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoE------| VIe | --- | --- | --- | --- | 3.0 | 3.0 | 4.0 Woodtell | | | | | | | | ______| | | | | | | |
* Animal-unit-month: The amount of forage or feed required to feed one animal unit (one cow, one horse, one mule, five sheep, or five goats) for 30 days. ** See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. Houston County, Texas 261
Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity
(Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed. Absence of an entry indicates that information was not available.)
______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Woodland| | Equip- | | | | | | | map symbol | manage-|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to plant | ment |hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw |competi-| |index| | ______|group***| | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------| 7 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 95 | 380 |Loblolly pine, Alazan | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 87 | 340 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 95 | 260 | cherrybark oak, | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | green ash. | | | | | | | | | | AbA**: | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------| 7 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 95 | 380 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 87 | 340 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 95 | 260 | cherrybark oak, | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | green ash. | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white oak. | | | | | | | | | | AfB------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 88 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Alto | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | oak. | | | | | | | | | | AnA**, AnB----| 21 | Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 82 | 230 |Loblolly pine, Annona | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 72 | 170 | white ash, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | sweetgum, | | | | | | | | | | cherrybark oak. | | | | | | | | | | AtB------| 6 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 95 | 380 |Loblolly pine, Attoyac | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 87 | 340 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 95 | 260 | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white ash. | | | | | | | | | | AuB------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 88 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Austonio | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak. | | | | | | | | | | AuD------| 10 |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 88 | 380 |Loblolly pine, Austonio | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | oak. | | | | | | | | | | BaB------| 6 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 93 | 380 |Loblolly pine, Bernaldo | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 85 | 340 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white ash. | | | | | | | | | | BbA**: | | | | | | | | | | Bernaldo-----| 6 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 93 | 380 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 85 | 340 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white ash. | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white oak. | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 262 Soil Survey
Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Woodland| | Equip- | | | | | | | map symbol | manage-|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to plant | ment |hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw |competi-| |index| | ______|group***| | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BeA------| | | | | | | | | | Besner | 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white oak. | | | | | | | | | | BtC------| 17 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Betis | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | | | | | BwB------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Bowie | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | | | | | southern red | | | | | | | | | | oak. | | | | | | | | | | ChA------| 25 |Slight |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 75 | 180 |Loblolly pine, Chireno | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 68 | 130 | water oak, | | | | | | | | | | sweetgum. | | | | | | | | | | CtE------| 20 |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 82 | 230 |Loblolly pine. Cuthbert | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 170 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | CtG------| 22 |Severe |Severe |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 83 | 230 |Loblolly pine. Cuthbert | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 74 | 170 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | CuE------| 20 |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 82 | 230 |Loblolly pine. Cuthbert | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 170 | | | | | | | | | | | DaC, DaE------| 17 |Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Darco | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Post oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | EaA, EaB------| 28 |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Slight |Water oak------| 70 | 60 |Water oak, Eastham | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 70 | 60 | willow oak, | | | | | | |Green ash------| | | green ash, | | | | | | | | | | pecan. | | | | | | | | | | ErB------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Elrose | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 81 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 210 | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white ash. | | | | | | | | | | EtB------| 25 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 74 | 180 |Loblolly pine. Etoile | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 68 | 130 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | FrB------| 12 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 87 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Freestone | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 81 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | cherrybark oak. | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | FsA**: | | | | | | | | | | Freestone----| 12 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 87 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 81 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | cherrybark oak. | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 263
Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Woodland| | Equip- | | | | | | | map symbol | manage-|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to plant | ment |hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw |competi-| |index| | ______|group***| | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FsA**: | | | | | | | | | | Derly------| 24 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Sweetgum------| 80 | 120 |Water oak, | | | | | | |Water oak------| 76 | --- | willow oak, | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 76 | --- | sweetgum, green | | | | | | | | | | ash. | | | | | | | | | | FuA, FuB------| 19 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine, Fuller | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | water oak, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | willow oak. | | | | | | | | | | GaA------| 26 |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 77 | 230 |Loblolly pine, Garner | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 68 | 170 | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak. | | | | | | |Willow oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | GrB------| 17 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Grapeland | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| 8 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 93 | 380 |Loblolly pine. Hainesville | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 87 | 340 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | HbC------| 28 |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Slight |Water oak------| 70 | 60 |Pecan, green Hallsbluff | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 70 | 60 | ash, water oak, | | | | | | |Green ash------| --- | --- | loblolly pine. | | | | | | | | | | Hc------| 2 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 102 | 430 |America Hannahatchee | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 100 | 310 | sycamore, | | | | | | |Water oak------| 100 | --- | black walnut, | | | | | | | | | | sweetgum, | | | | | | | | | | green ash. | | | | | | | | | | HeA, HeB------| 21 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 82 | 230 |Loblolly pine, Herty | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 73 | 170 | sweetgum, green | | | | | | |Water oak------| --- | --- | ash, water oak. | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Iu------| 5 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 100 | 430 |Loblolly pine, Iulus | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 100 | 310 | sweetgum, water | | | | | | |Water oak------| 100 | --- | oak, cherrybark | | | | | | | | | | oak. | | | | | | | | | | Ka, Kb------| 27 |Slight |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Moderate|Willow oak------| 72 | 60 |Willow oak, Kaufman | | | | | | |Green ash------| 65 | --- | pecan, green | | | | | | |Pecan------| --- | --- | ash, | | | | | | |Hackberry------| --- | --- | cottonwood. | | | | | | | | | | KcE------| 21 |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 230 |Loblolly pine, Kellison | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 170 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | | | | | oak. | | | | | | | | | | KeB------| 18 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Keltys | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 264 Soil Survey
Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Woodland| | Equip- | | | | | | | map symbol | manage-|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to plant | ment |hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw |competi-| |index| | ______|group***| | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD------| 18 |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Keltys | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | KfC------| 18 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Kirvin | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 75 | 210 | | | | | | | | | | | KgC------| 20 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 81 | 230 |Loblolly pine. Kirvin | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 170 | | | | | | | | | | | KhC------| 31 |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 64 | 95 |Loblolly pine. Kirvin | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 56 | 60 | | | | | | | |Red oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Ko------| 9 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Sweetgum------| 95 | 260 |Sweetgum, green Kosse | | | | | | |Green ash------| --- | --- | ash, cherrybark | | | | | | |Water oak------| 95 | --- | oak. | | | | | | | | | | Kp------| 1 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 104 | 430 |Loblolly pine, Koury | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 103 | 310 | sweetgum, water | | | | | | |Water oak------| 100 | --- | oak, green ash. | | | | | | |Green ash------| 80 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | KuB, KuD------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Kurth | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 80 | 270 | sweetgum, white | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 210 | ash, southern | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | red oak. | | | | | | | | | | LaA, LaB------| 21 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 81 | 230 |Loblolly pine, LaCerda | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 73 | 170 | green ash, | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | sweetgum. | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | LaE------| 21 |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 230 |Loblolly pine, LaCerda | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 170 | sweetgum, white | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | ash, southern | | | | | | | | | | red oak. | | | | | | | | | | Lc------| 5 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 100 | 430 |Loblolly pine, Laneville | | | | | | |Water oak------| 96 | --- | sweetgum, water | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 100 | 310 | oak, cherrybark | | | | | | | | | | oak, green ash. | | | | | | | | | | LeB------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Latex | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 210 | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak. | | | | | | | | | | LtC------| 11 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 330 |Loblolly pine. Lilbert | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 79 | 270 | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC, LvD------| 16 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 84 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Lovelady | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 265
Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Woodland| | Equip- | | | | | | | map symbol | manage-|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to plant | ment |hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw |competi-| |index| | ______|group***| | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MoA------| 23 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 82 | 230 |Water oak, Mollville | | | | | | |Water oak------| 80 | --- | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 80 | --- | loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 80 | 120 | green ash, | | | | | | | | | | willow oak. | | | | | | | | | | MpA**: | | | | | | | | | | Mollville----| 23 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 82 | 230 |Water oak, | | | | | | |Water oak------| 80 | --- | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 80 | --- | loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 80 | 120 | green ash, | | | | | | | | | | willow oak. | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white oak. | | | | | | | | | | MsB------| 15 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Moswell | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | MsE------| 15 |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Moswell | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | MxA**: | | | | | | | | | | Moten------| 12 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 78 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Water oak------| --- | --- | cherrybark oak, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 210 | green ash. | | | | | | | | | | Multey------| 18 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 90 | 330 |Loblolly pine. | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | NaG------| 29 |Severe |Severe |Severe |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 65 | 95 |Loblolly pine, Naclina | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 50 | 30 | shortleaf pine. | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Nc------| 4 |Slight |Severe |Severe |Severe |Severe |Willow oak------| 100 | --- |Water oak, Naconiche | | | | | | |Water oak------| 102 | --- | willow oak, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 101 | 310 | green ash, | | | | | | |Green ash------| 80 | --- | cherrybark oak. | | | | | | | | | | Nh------| 3 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Water oak------| 100 | --- |Water oak, Nahatche | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 102 | 310 | willow oak, | | | | | | |Green ash------| 80 | --- | sweetgum, | | | | | | | | | | green ash, | | | | | | | | | | cherrybark oak. Oz**: | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------| 3 |Slight |Severe |Severe |Slight |Moderate|Sweetgum------| 104 | 310 |Wllow oak, | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 102 | --- | sweetgum, green | | | | | | |Green ash------| 85 | --- | ash. | | | | | | |Overcup oak------| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 266 Soil Survey
Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Woodland| | Equip- | | | | | | | map symbol | manage-|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to plant | ment |hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw |competi-| |index| | ______|group***| | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz**: | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------| 3 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Sweetgum------| 104 | 310 |Water oak, green | | | | | | |Green ash------| --- | --- | ash, sweetgum, | | | | | | |Water oak------| 102 | --- | cherrybark oak. | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 102 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | PeB------| 12 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Penning | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 81 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 310 | cherrybark oak, | | | | | | |Water oak------| --- | --- | water oak. | | | | | | | | | | PnA------| 24 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Severe |Moderate|Water oak------| 84 | --- |Water oak, Percilla | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 84 | --- | willow oak, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 82 | 120 | sweetgum, green | | | | | | | | | | ash. | | | | | | | | | | Po------| 3 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Moderate|Sweetgum------| 104 | 310 |Water oak, green Pophers | | | | | | |Water oak------| 102 | --- | ash, sweetgum, | | | | | | |Green ash------| --- | --- | cherrybark oak. | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 102 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | PsA------| 13 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Water oak------| 90 | --- |Water oak, green Portersprings| | | | | | |Pecan------| 90 | --- | ash, pecan. | | | | | | |Green ash------| 80 | 265 | | | | | | | | | | | RnB------| 12 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, Rentzel | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | cherrybark oak, | | | | | | |Water oak------| --- | --- | green ash. | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| 14 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Sacul | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | SwA**: | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------| 12 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Moderate|Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 81 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 210 | cherrybark oak. | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Latex------| 10 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 91 | 330 |Loblolly pine, | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 82 | 270 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 90 | 210 | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak. | | | | | | | | | | TaE------| 16 |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 85 | 280 |Loblolly pine. Tenaha | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 76 | 210 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Te, Tf------| 27 |Slight |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Severe |Green ash------| 75 | --- |Willow oak, Texark | | | | | | |Willow oak------| 72 | 60 | green ash, | | | | | | |Hackberry------| --- | --- | cottonwood, | | | | | | |Pecan------| --- | --- | pecan. | | | | | | | | | | ToC------| 30 |Slight |Severe |Severe |Slight |Severe |Loblolly pine------| 66 | 95 |Loblolly pine, Tonkawa | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 57 | 60 | shortleaf pine. | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 267
Table 6.--Woodland Management and Productivity--Continued ______| |______Management concerns | Potential productivity | Soil name and |Woodland| | Equip- | | | | | | | map symbol | manage-|Erosion | ment |Seedling| Wind- | Plant | Common trees |Site |Volume*| Trees to lant | ment |hazard | limita-|mortal- | throw |competi-| |index| | ______|group***| | tion | ity | hazard | tion | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TrE------| 20 |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 230 |Loblolly pine. Trawick | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 170 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | TwC------| 20 |Slight |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 230 |Loblolly pine. Trawick | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 170 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | TwE------| 20 |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 230 |Loblolly pine. Trawick | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 170 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | TxG**: | | | | | | | | | | Trawick------| 22 |Severe |Moderate|Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 230 |Loblolly pine. | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 70 | 170 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | Bub------| 29 |Severe |Severe |Moderate|Severe |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 67 | 95 |Loblolly pine. | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 57 | 60 | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | WnB------| 6 |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 97 | 380 |Loblolly pine, Woden | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 87 | 340 | sweetgum, | | | | | | |Sweetgum------| 95 | 260 | southern red | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | oak, white ash. | | | | | | | | | | WoB------| 21 |Slight |Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 81 | 230 |Loblolly pine, Woodtell | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 72 | 170 | sweetgum. | | | | | | |White ash------| --- | --- | | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | WoE------| 21 |Moderate|Moderate|Moderate|Slight |Slight |Loblolly pine------| 80 | 230 |Loblolly pine, Woodtell | | | | | | |Shortleaf pine------| 73 | 170 | sweetgum, white | | | | | | |White ash------| --- | --- | ash. | | | | | | |Southern red oak----| --- | --- | ______| | | | | | | | | |
* Volume is the yield in board feet (Doyle Rule) per acre per year calculated at the age of 50 years for fully stocked natural stands. ** See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. *** See Woodland Management and Productivity section for descriptions of woodland management groups. 268 Soil Survey
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation
(Only the soils suitable for production of commercial trees are listed.)
______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | AaB------|Favorable | 1,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Alazan |Normal | 1,600 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Dogwood------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |American holly------| 5 | | | | AbA*: | | | | Alazan------|Favorable | 1,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 |Normal | 1,600 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Dogwood------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |American holly------| 5 | | | | Besner. | | | | | | | | AfB------|Favorable | 3,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 Alto |Normal | 2,000 |Indiangrass------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Sedge------| 15 | | |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 5 | | | | AnA*, AnB------|Favorable | 2,500 |Little bluestem------| 15 Annona |Normal | 2,000 |Brownseed paspalum------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Panicum------| 15 | | |Indiangrass------| 10 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | | | AtB------|Favorable | 1,300 |Pinehill bluestem------| 55 Attoyac |Normal | 1,050 |Slender bluestem------| 5 |Unfavorable | 800 |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |Splitbeard bluestem------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |Greenbrier------| 5 | | |Yaupon------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | | | AuB, AuD------|Favorable | 1,300 |Slender bluestem------| 5 Austonio |Normal | 1,050 |Longleaf uniola------| 5 |Unfavorable | 800 |Splitbeard bluestem------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |Yaupon------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 269
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | BaB------|Favorable | 1,300 |Pinehill bluestem------| 55 Bernaldo |Normal | 1,050 |Slender bluestem------| 5 |Unfavorable | 800 |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |Splitbeard bluestem------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |Yaupon------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | | | BbA*: | | | | Bernaldo------|Favorable | 1,300 |Pinehill bluestem------| 55 |Normal | 1,050 |Slender bluestem------| 5 |Unfavorable | 800 |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |Splitbeard bluestem------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |Yaupon------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | | | Besner. | | | | | | | | BtC------|Favorable | 3,000 |Mountain muhly------| 15 Betis |Normal | 2,000 |Arrowfeather threeawn------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 | | |Broomsedge bluestem------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | | | BwB------|Favorable | 3,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Bowie |Normal | 3,000 |Pineywoods dropseed------| 10 |Unfavorable | 2,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Big bluestem------| 10 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | | | ChA------|Favorable | 3,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 Chireno |Normal | 2,500 |Sedge------| 10 |Unfavorable | 2,000 |Purpletop------| 10 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Little bluestem------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Lespedeza------| 5 | | |Tickclover------| 5 | | |Plains lovegrass------| 5 | | |Mississippi dropseed------| 5 | | |Meadow dropseed------| 5 | | | | CtE------|Favorable | 2,300 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Cuthbert |Normal | 1,800 |Big bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,300 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Fineleaf bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Cutover muhly------| 5 | | | | CtG------|Favorable | 2,200 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Cuthbert |Normal | 1,700 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Fineleaf bluestem------| 10 | | |Big bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 270 Soil Survey
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | CuE------|Favorable | 2,300 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Cuthbert |Normal | 1,800 |Big bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,300 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Fineleaf bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Cutover muhly------| 5 | | | | DaC, DaE------|Favorable | 1,650 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Darco |Normal | 1,350 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Fineleaf bluestem------| 5 | | |Splitbeard bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Purple lovegrass------| 5 | | |Fringeleaf paspalum------| 5 | | | | EaA, EaB------|Favorable | 6,000 |Little bluestem------| 40 Eastham |Normal | 5,000 |Indiangrass------| 15 |Unfavorable | 3,500 |Big bluestem------| 15 | | |Texas wintergrass------| 10 | | |Silver bluestem------| 5 | | |Tall dropseed------| 5 | | | | ErB------|Favorable | 1,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 Elrose |Normal | 1,200 |Pineywoods dropseed------| 10 |Unfavorable | 900 |Big bluestem------| 10 | | |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 | | | | EtB------|Favorable | 3,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 Etoile |Normal | 2,100 |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Panicum------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Sedge------| 5 | | |Gayfeather------| 5 | | | | FrB------|Favorable | 2,500 |Little bluestem------| 15 Freestone |Normal | 1,750 |Beaked panicum------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 | | |Purpletop------| 10 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | | | FsA*: | | | | Freestone------|Favorable | 2,500 |Little bluestem------| 15 |Normal | 1,750 |Beaked panicum------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 | | |Purpletop------| 10 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | | | Derly------|Favorable | 4,500 |Florida paspalum------| 15 |Normal | 3,500 |Virginia wildrye------| 15 |Unfavorable | 2,000 |Little bluestem------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Giant cane------| 10 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | |Redtop panicum------| 10 | | |Carolina jointtail------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 271
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | FuA, FuB------|Favorable | 1,900 |Pinehill bluestem------| 35 Fuller |Normal | 1,700 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,550 |Sedge------| 5 | | |Broomsedge bluestem------| 5 | | |Thoroughwort------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Threeawn------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Blackgum------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |Red maple------| 5 | | | | GaA------|Favorable | 4,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 15 Garner |Normal | 3,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 |Unfavorable | 2,000 |Little bluestem------| 15 | | |Virginia wildrye------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Eastern gamagrass------| 5 | | |Florida paspalum------| 5 | | | | GrB------|Favorable | 1,200 |Pinehill bluestem------| 25 Grapeland |Normal | 1,000 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 |Unfavorable | 600 |Broomsedge bluestem------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Arrowfeather threeawn------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | | | HaA------|Favorable | 1,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 Hainesville |Normal | 1,000 |Purpletop------| 5 |Unfavorable | 600 |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Greenbrier------| 5 | | | | HbC------|Favorable | 5,500 |Little bluestem------| 40 Hallsbluff |Normal | 4,500 |Indiangrass------| 10 |Unfavorable | 3,000 |Big bluestem------| 10 | | |Silver bluestem------| 10 | | |Tall dropseed------| 10 | | |Texas wintergrass------| 5 | | | | Hc------|Favorable | 1,800 |Beaked panicum------| 15 Hannahatchee |Normal | 1,600 |Virginia wildrye------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Sedge------| 10 | | |Switchgrass------| 10 | | | | HeA, HeB------|Favorable | 2,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Herty |Normal | 1,800 |Fineleaf bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,600 |Big bluestem------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Common carpetgrass------| 5 | | |Grassleaf goldaster------| 5 | | |St andrews cross------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | | | Iu------|Favorable | 1,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Iulus |Normal | 1,500 |Beaked panicum------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Spreading panicum------| 10 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 10 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 272 Soil Survey
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | Ka, Kb------|Favorable | 6,000 |Virginia wildrye------| 20 Kaufman |Normal | 3,500 |Sedge------| 20 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Rustyseed paspalum------| 10 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Eastern gamagrass------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |Yaupon------| 5 | | | | KcE------|Favorable | 1,900 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Kellison |Normal | 1,800 |Fineleaf bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Big bluestem------| 10 | | |Sedge------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |St andrews cross------| 5 | | | | KeB, KeD------|Favorable | 1,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Keltys |Normal | 1,200 |Greenbrier------| 5 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |Blackberry------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Sassafras------| 5 | | |Big bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Tall dropseed------| 5 | | | | KfC------|Favorable | 2,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Kirvin |Normal | 1,300 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 5 | | | | KgC------|Favorable | 2,400 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Kirvin |Normal | 1,900 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 5 | | |Fineleaf bluestem------| 5 | | | | KhC------|Favorable | 2,300 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Kirvin |Normal | 1,800 |Fineleaf bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Big bluestem------| 10 | | |Splitbeard bluestem------| 5 | | | | Ko------|Favorable | 5,500 |Virginia wildrye------| 20 Kosse |Normal | 3,500 |Rustyseed paspalum------| 15 |Unfavorable | 3,000 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Sedge------| 10 | | |Bentawn plumegrass------| 5 | | |Giant cane------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 273
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | Kp------|Favorable | 1,700 |Pinehill bluestem------| 35 Koury |Normal | 1,500 |Yaupon------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Southern bayberry------| 10 | | |Alabama supplejack------| 5 | | |Poison ivy------| 5 | | |Muscadine grape------| 5 | | |Red maple------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |Brackenfern------| 5 | | |Thoroughwort------| 5 | | |Broomsedge bluestem------| 5 | | |Common carpetgrass------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | | | KuB, KuD------|Favorable | 1,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Kurth |Normal | 1,200 |Greenbrier------| 5 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |Blackberry------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Sassafras------| 5 | | |Big bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Tall dropseed------| 5 | | | | LaA, LaB, LaE------|Favorable | 3,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 LaCerda |Normal | 2,100 |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Panicum------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Sedge------| 5 | | |Gayfeather------| 5 | | | | Lc------|Favorable | --- | | Laneville |Normal | --- | | |Unfavorable | --- | | | | | | LeB------|Favorable | 3,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 20 Latex |Normal | 2,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,800 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Fringeleaf paspalum------| 5 | | |Winged elm------| 5 | | |Sedge------| 5 | | | | LtC------|Favorable | 1,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Lilbert |Normal | 1,200 |Fineleaf bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 900 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 10 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | | | LvC, LvD------|Favorable | 1,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Lovelady |Normal | 1,200 |Greenbrier------| 5 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Carolina jessamine------| 5 | | |Blackberry------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Sassafras------| 5 | | |Big bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Tall dropseed------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 274 Soil Survey
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | MoA------|Favorable | 2,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 35 Mollville |Normal | 1,750 |Switchgrass------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,400 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Cutover muhly------| 10 | | |Switchcane------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Blackgum------| 5 | | |Spreading panicum------| 5 | | | | MpA*: | | | | Mollville------|Favorable | 2,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 35 |Normal | 1,750 |Switchgrass------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,400 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Cutover muhly------| 10 | | |Switchcane------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Blackgum------| 5 | | |Spreading panicum------| 5 | | | | Besner. | | | | | | | | MsB, MsE------|Favorable | 1,900 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Moswell |Normal | 1,800 |Panicum------| 5 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Slender bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Florida paspalum------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Greenbrier------| 5 | | | | MxA*: | | | | Moten------|Favorable | 4,000 |Virginia wildrye------| 15 |Normal | 3,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 2,000 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Silver plumegrass------| 10 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Sedge------| 10 | | |Florida paspalum------| 5 | | | | Multey------|Favorable | 1,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 40 |Normal | 1,200 |Tickclover------| 5 |Unfavorable | 975 |Big bluestem------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Dogwood------| 5 | | |Sassafras------| 5 | | |Muscadine grape------| 5 | | | | NaG------|Favorable | 5,000 |Hawthorn------| 25 Naclina |Normal | 3,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 2,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 275
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | Nc------|Favorable | 1,000 |Cinnamon fern------| 25 Naconiche |Normal | 800 |Sedge------| 10 |Unfavorable | 600 |Hazel alder------| 10 | | |Huckleberry------| 10 | | |Red maple------| 5 | | |Redbay------| 5 | | |Sweetbay------| 5 | | |Water oak------| 5 | | |Willow oak------| 5 | | | | Nh------|Favorable | 3,000 |Virginia wildrye------| 15 Nahatche |Normal | 2,000 |Beaked panicum------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 | | |Sedge------| 10 | | |Eastern gamagrass------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Knotroot bristlegrass------| 5 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 5 | | | | Oz*: | | | | Ozias------|Favorable | 1,400 |Saw palmetto------| 20 |Normal | 1,200 |Maidencane------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,100 |Switchgrass------| 10 | | |Hawthorn------| 10 | | |Smartweed------| 5 | | |St andrews cross------| 5 | | |Bushy bluestem------| 5 | | |Common carpetgrass------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Alabama supplejack------| 5 | | |Buttonbush------| 5 | | |Elm------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | | | Pophers------|Favorable | 1,400 |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 |Normal | 1,200 |Sedge------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Saw palmetto------| 10 | | |Greenbrier------| 10 | | |Bushy bluestem------| 5 | | |Switchcane------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | | | PeB------|Favorable | 1,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 35 Penning |Normal | 1,600 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,400 |Broomsedge bluestem------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Blackgum------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |Dogwood------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | |Thoroughwort------| 5 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 276 Soil Survey
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | PnA------|Favorable | 2,000 |Sedge------| 25 Percilla |Normal | 1,500 |Rustyseed paspalum------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Virginia wildrye------| 15 | | |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Paspalum------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Nimblewill muhly------| 5 | | |Lespedeza------| 5 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | | | Po------|Favorable | 1,400 |Pinehill bluestem------| 30 Pophers |Normal | 1,200 |Sedge------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Saw palmetto------| 10 | | |Greenbrier------| 10 | | |Bushy bluestem------| 5 | | |Switchcane------| 5 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Panicum------| 5 | | |Switchgrass------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | |Southern bayberry------| 5 | | | | PsA------|Favorable | 2,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 Portersprings |Normal | 1,600 |Switchgrass------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Virginia wildrye------| 15 | | |Indiangrass------| 10 | | |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 | | |Purpletop------| 10 | | |Eastern gamagrass------| 10 | | |American beautyberry------| 5 | | |Greenbrier------| 5 | | | | RnB------|Favorable | 1,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Rentzel |Normal | 1,400 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | | | SwA*: | | | | Sawlit------|Favorable | 1,800 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 |Normal | 1,600 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Purpletop------| 10 | | | | Latex------|Favorable | 3,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 20 |Normal | 2,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,800 |Beaked panicum------| 10 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Fringeleaf paspalum------| 5 | | |Winged elm------| 5 | | |Sedge------| 5 | | | | TaE------|Favorable | 2,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 50 Tenaha |Normal | 2,000 |Fineleaf bluestem------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,250 |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Slender bluestem------| 5 | | |Pineywoods dropseed------| 5 | | |Dogwood------| 5 | | |Yaupon------| 5 | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 277
Table 7.--Woodland Understory Vegetation--Continued ______|______Total production | | Soil name and | | | Characteristic vegetation | Composition map symbol | Kind of year | Dry weight | | ______| | | | | | ______Lb/acre | | ___Pct | | | | Te, Tf------|Favorable | 4,000 |Sedge------| 20 Texark |Normal | 2,500 |Virginia wildrye------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Paspalum------| 10 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | |Beaked panicum------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Switchcane------| 5 | | |Hawthorn------| 5 | | | | ToC------|Favorable | 2,000 |Broomsedge bluestem------| 20 Tonkawa |Normal | 1,200 |Pinehill bluestem------| 20 |Unfavorable | 800 |Arrowfeather threeawn------| 15 | | |Panicum------| 10 | | |Indiangrass------| 10 | | | | TrE, TwC, TwE------|Favorable | 3,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 Trawick |Normal | 2,000 |Indiangrass------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Panicum------| 10 | | |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 | | |Sedge------| 10 | | | | TxG*: | | | | Trawick------|Favorable | 3,200 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Normal | 2,000 |Indiangrass------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,200 |Panicum------| 10 | | |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 | | |Sedge------| 10 | | | | Bub------|Favorable | 2,500 |Longleaf uniola------| 20 |Normal | 1,500 |Indiangrass------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,000 |Panicum------| 10 | | |Pinehill bluestem------| 10 | | |Sedge------| 10 | | | | WnB------|Favorable | 3,000 |Pinehill bluestem------| 15 Woden |Normal | 2,000 |Beaked panicum------| 15 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Panicum------| 15 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 10 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 10 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | | | WoB, WoE------|Favorable | 2,500 |Pinehill bluestem------| 20 Woodtell |Normal | 2,000 |Panicum------| 10 |Unfavorable | 1,500 |Sedge------| 10 | | |Brownseed paspalum------| 10 | | |Indiangrass------| 5 | | |Longleaf uniola------| 5 | | |Purpletop------| 5 | | |Carolina jointtail------| 5 | | |Knotroot bristlegrass------| 5 | | |Splitbeard bluestem------| 5 ______| | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. 278 Soil Survey
Table 8.--Recreational Development
(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated.)
______| | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails ______map symbol | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Alazan | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | AbA*: | | | | Alazan------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | Besner------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | AfB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Alto | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | AnA*, AnB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Annona | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | AtB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Attoyac | | | slope. | | | | | AuB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Austonio | | | slope. | | | | | AuD------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Austonio | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | BaB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Bernaldo | | | slope. | | | | | BbA*: | | | | Bernaldo------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | Besner------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | BeA------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Besner | | | | | | | | BtC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Betis | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | | | too sandy. | | | | | BwB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Bowie | | | slope. | | | | | ChA------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Chireno | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | CtE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: Cuthbert | slope, | slope, | slope. | erodes easily. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | CtG------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Cuthbert | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope, | | | | erodes easily. | | | | CuE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Cuthbert | slope, | slope, | slope, | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | small stones. | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 279
Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails ______map symbol | | | | | | | | | | | | DaC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Darco | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope. | too sandy. | | | | DaE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Darco | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | | | EaA, EaB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Eastham | percs slowly, | too clayey, | too clayey, | too clayey. | too clayey. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | ErB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Elrose | | | slope, | | | | small stones. | | | | | EtB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Etoile | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | FrB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Freestone | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | wetness, | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | FsA*: | | | | Freestone------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | Derly------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | FuA, FuB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Fuller | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | percs slowly, | excess sodium, | percs slowly, | | excess sodium. | percs slowly. | excess sodium. | | | | | GaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Garner | percs slowly, | too clayey, | too clayey, | too clayey. | too clayey. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | GrB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Grapeland | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | HaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Hainesville | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | HbC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Hallsbluff | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | Hc------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Hannahatchee | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | HeA, HeB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Herty | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | Iu------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Iulus | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | wetness, | | wetness. | | flooding. | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 280 Soil Survey
Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails ______map symbol | | | | | | | | | | | | Ka------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Kaufman | flooding, | too clayey, | too clayey, | too clayey. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | Kb------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Kaufman | flooding, | too clayey, | too clayey, | too clayey. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | flooding, | | too clayey. | | percs slowly. | | | | | KcE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Kellison | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | erodes easily. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | KeB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Keltys | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | KeD------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Keltys | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope. | | | | | KfC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Kirvin | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | KgC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Kirvin | small stones. | small stones. | small stones. | | | | | KhC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Kirvin | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope. | | | | | Ko------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Kosse | flooding. | percs slowly. | flooding, | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | Kp------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Koury | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | KuB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Kurth | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | KuD------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Kurth | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope. | | | | | LaA, LaB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: LaCerda | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | too clayey. | too clayey. | too clayey. | too clayey. | | | | | LaE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: LaCerda | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | too clayey. | too clayey. | too clayey. | too clayey, | | | | slope. | | | | | Lc------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Laneville | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | wetness, | | wetness, | | flooding. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | LeB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Latex | | | slope. | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 281
Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails ______map symbol | | | | | | | | | | | | LtC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Lilbert | too sandy. | too sandy. | slope, | too sandy. | | | too sandy. | | | | | LvC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Lovelady | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy, | | | | wetness. | | | | | LvD------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Lovelady | wetness, | wetness, | slope. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | | | MoA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Mollville | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | | | MpA*: | | | | Mollville------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | | | Besner------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | MsB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Moswell | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | MsE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Moswell | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | erodes easily. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | MxA*: | | | | Moten------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | Multey------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | NaG------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Naclina | slope, | slope, | slope, | slope. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | Nc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Naconiche | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | | flooding. | | | | | Nh------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Nahatche | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | | flooding. | | | | | Oz*: | | | | Ozias------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | percs slowly. | flooding. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | Pophers------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | PeB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Penning | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 282 Soil Survey
Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails ______map symbol | | | | | | | | | | | | PnA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Percilla | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | ponding. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | Po------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Pophers | flooding, | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | PsA------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Portersprings | flooding. | | | | | | | RnB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Rentzel | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | wetness, | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | wetness, | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy, | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | SaB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Sacul | wetness, | wetness, | slope, | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | small stones, | | | | wetness. | | | | | SwA*: | | | | Sawlit------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | Latex------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | TaE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Tenaha | slope, | slope, | slope. | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | | | Te------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Texark | flooding, | too clayey, | too clayey, | too clayey. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | Tf------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Texark | flooding, | too clayey, | too clayey, | too clayey. | percs slowly, | percs slowly. | flooding, | | too clayey. | | percs slowly. | | | | | ToC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Tonkawa | too sandy. | too sandy. | too sandy, | too sandy. | | | slope. | | | | | TrE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: Trawick | slope, | slope, | slope. | erodes easily. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | TwC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Trawick | small stones, | small stones, | small stones. | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | TwE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Trawick | slope, | slope, | slope, | | small stones, | small stones, | small stones. | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 283
Table 8.--Recreational Development--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Camp areas | Picnic areas | Playgrounds | Paths and trails ______map symbol | | | | | | | | | | | | TxG*: | | | | Trawick------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | | | small stones. | | | | | Bub------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | slope, | slope, | slope, | slope. | depth to rock. | depth to rock. | small stones, | | | | depth to rock. | | | | | WnB------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Woden | | | slope. | | | | | WoB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Woodtell | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | WoE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Woodtell | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | slope, | erodes easily. ______| | | percs slowly. |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. 284 Soil Survey
Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat
(See text for definitions of "good," "fair," "poor," and "very poor." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated.)
______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for- Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | | map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife ______| crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. Alazan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA*: | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | AfB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Alto | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnA*------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. Annona | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Annona | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AtB------|Good |Good |Good | --- |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Attoyac | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | AuB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Austonio | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | AuD------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Austonio | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | BaB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Bernaldo | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | BbA*: | | | | | | | | | | Bernaldo------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | BeA------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Besner | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | BtC------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very Betis | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | BwB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Bowie | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ChA------|Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Chireno | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtE------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Cuthbert | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | CtG------|Very |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very Cuthbert | poor. | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 285
Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for- Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | | map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife ______| crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CuE------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Cuthbert | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | DaC------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Very Darco | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | DaE------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very Darco | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | EaA, EaB------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Poor. Eastham | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ErB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Elrose | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. Etoile | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FrB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Freestone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | | | | | | Freestone------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. | | | | | | | | | | Derly------|Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. | | | | | | | | | | FuA, FuB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. Fuller | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Poor. Garner | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB------|Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very Grapeland | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | HaA------|Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Poor |Very |Very |Fair |Fair |Very Hainesville | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | HbC------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Poor |Very |Fair |Fair |Poor. Hallsbluff | | | | | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hc------|Poor |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor. Hannahatchee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeA, HeB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Herty | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Iu------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor. Iulus | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ka------|Fair |Fair |Poor |Good | --- |Poor |Good |Fair |Good |Fair. Kaufman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kb------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Good | --- |Poor |Good |Poor |Good |Fair. Kaufman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KcE------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor. Kellison | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 286 Soil Survey
Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for- Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | | map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife ______| crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Keltys | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Keltys | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | KfC------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Kirvin | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | KgC------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Kirvin | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | KhC------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very Kirvin | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | Ko------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair. Kosse | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair. Koury | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Kurth | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuD------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Kurth | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | LaA, LaB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. LaCerda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaE------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very LaCerda | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | Lc------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good | --- |Fair |Poor |Poor |Good |Poor. Laneville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Latex | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | LtC------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very Lilbert | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | LvC, LvD------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very Lovelady | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | MoA------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. Mollville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA*: | | | | | | | | | | Mollville------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | MsB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Moswell | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | MsE------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Fair |Very Moswell | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 287
Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for- Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | | map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife ______| crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | | | | | | Moten------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Good. | | | | | | | | | | Multey------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | NaG------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Fair |Good |Very Naclina | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | Nc------|Very |Poor |Poor |Poor |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor |Fair |Fair. Naconiche | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nh------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor. Nahatche | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Fair |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. | | | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair. | | | | | | | | | | PeB------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Fair. Penning | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PnA------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair | --- |Good |Good |Fair |Fair |Good. Percilla | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po------|Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair. Pophers | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PsA------|Good |Good |Good |Good | --- |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Portersprings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RnB------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Fair |Poor |Fair |Good |Poor. Rentzel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Sacul | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. | | | | | | | | | | Latex------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | TaE------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very Tenaha | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | Te, Tf------|Poor |Fair |Fair |Good | --- |Good |Fair |Fair |Good |Fair. Texark | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ToC------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Poor | --- |Very |Very |Poor |Poor |Very Tonkawa | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | TrE------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Trawick | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | TwC------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Very Trawick | | | | | | | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 288 Soil Survey
Table 9.--Wildlife Habitat--Continued ______|______Potential for habitat elements |Potential as habitat for- Soil name and | | | Wild | | | | | | | map symbol | Grain |Grasses | herba- |Hardwood| Conif- |Wetland |Shallow |Openland|Woodland|Wetland |and seed| and | ceous | trees | erous | plants | water |wildlife|wildlife|wildlife ______| crops |legumes | plants | | plants | | areas | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TwE------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Trawick | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | TxG*: | | | | | | | | | | Trawick------|Poor |Fair |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Fair |Good |Very | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | Bub------|Poor |Poor |Fair |Fair |Fair |Very |Very |Poor |Fair |Very | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | WnB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Poor |Good |Good |Poor. Woden | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoB------|Good |Good |Good |Good |Good |Poor |Very |Good |Good |Poor. Woodtell | | | | | | | poor. | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoE------|Fair |Good |Good |Good |Good |Very |Very |Good |Good |Very Woodtell | | | | | | poor. | poor. | | | poor. ______| | | | | | | | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. Houston County, Texas 289
Table 10.--Building Site Development
(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)
______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Alazan | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness. | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | AbA*: | | | | | | Alazan------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness. | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | Besner------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | wetness. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | AfB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Alto | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | wetness. | | shrink-swell. | | low strength. | | | | | | | AnA*, AnB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Annona | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | AtB------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Attoyac | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | AuB------|Slight------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Austonio | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength. | | | | | | | AuD------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Austonio | slope. | shrink-swell, | slope, | slope. | low strength. | slope. | | slope. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | BaB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Bernaldo | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | low strength. | | | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | BbA*: | | | | | | Bernaldo------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | low strength. | | | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | wetness. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | BeA------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Besner | wetness. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | BtC------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: Betis | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty. | | | | | | BwB------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight. Bowie | wetness. | | wetness. | | low strength. | | | | | | | ChA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Chireno | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | wetness. | | | | low strength. | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 290 Soil Survey
Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Cuthbert | too clayey, | shrink-swell, | slope, | slope. | low strength. | droughty. | slope. | slope. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | CtG------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Cuthbert | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | low strength, | droughty. | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | CuE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Cuthbert | too clayey, | shrink-swell, | slope, | slope. | low strength. | small stones, | slope. | slope. | shrink-swell. | | | droughty. | | | | | | DaC------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: Darco | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty. | | | | | | DaE------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: Darco | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty, | | | | | | slope. | | | | | | EaA, EaB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Eastham | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | too clayey. | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | ErB------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Severe: |Slight. Elrose | too clayey. | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | EtB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Etoile | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | FrB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Freestone | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | low strength. | | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | | Freestone------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | low strength. | | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | Derly------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | ponding. | ponding, | ponding, | ponding, | shrink-swell, | ponding. | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | | | | | | ponding. | | | | | | | FuA, FuB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Fuller | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | excess sodium, | | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | GaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Garner | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | too clayey. | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | GrB------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Severe: Grapeland | cutbanks cave.| | | | | droughty. | | | | | | HaA------|Severe: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Severe: Hainesville | cutbanks cave.| | wetness. | | | droughty. | | | | | | HbC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Hallsbluff | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 291
Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hc------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Hannahatchee | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | HeA, HeB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Herty | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | shrink-swell, | wetness. | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength, | | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | Iu------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Iulus | wetness. | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | Ka------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Kaufman | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | shrink-swell, | too clayey. | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | low strength, | | | | shrink-swell. | | flooding. | | | | | | | Kb------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Kaufman | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | shrink-swell, | flooding, | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | low strength, | too clayey. | | | shrink-swell. | | flooding. | | | | | | | KcE------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Kellison | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | slope. | slope. | | | slope. | low strength. | | | | | | | KeB------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Keltys | cutbanks cave.| | | | | | | | | | | KeD------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. Keltys | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | | | | | | | KfC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Kirvin | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength. | | | | | | | KgC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: Kirvin | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | low strength. | small stones. | | | | | | KhC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. Kirvin | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | low strength. | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | Ko------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Kosse | wetness, | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | low strength, | flooding. | flooding. | | | | flooding. | | | | | | | Kp------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Koury | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | KuB------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Kurth | wetness. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | KuD------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Slight. Kurth | wetness. | | wetness. | slope. | | | | | | | | LaA, LaB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: LaCerda | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | too clayey. | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 292 Soil Survey
Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: LaCerda | cutbanks cave.| shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | too clayey. | | | | slope. | low strength. | | | | | | | Lc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Laneville | wetness. | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | low strength, | flooding. | | | wetness, | | flooding. | | | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | LeB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. Latex | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | wetness. | | shrink-swell. | | low strength. | | | | | | | LtC------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: Lilbert | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty. | | | | | | LvC, LvD------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: Lovelady | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty. | | | | | | MoA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Mollville | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | | | | | | | | | | MpA*: | | | | | | Mollville------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | cutbanks cave,| ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | wetness. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | MsB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Moswell | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | MsE------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Moswell | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | slope. | slope. | | | slope. | low strength. | | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | | Moten------|Moderate: |Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | wetness. | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | Multey------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. | | | | | | NaG------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Naclina | cutbanks cave,| shrink-swell, | slope, | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | slope. | slope. | slope. | shrink-swell. | slope. | low strength, | | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | Nc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Naconiche | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | flooding. | | | | | | Nh------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Nahatche | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | flooding. | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 293
Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | | Ozias------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | shrink-swell, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | low strength, | flooding. | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | wetness. | | | | | | | Pophers------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | flooding. | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | | | | | | | PeB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Penning | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | low strength, | wetness. | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | PnA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Percilla | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | ponding. | low strength, | ponding. | | | | | ponding. | | | | | | | Po------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Pophers | wetness. | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | low strength, | flooding. | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | flooding. | | | | | | | PsA------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Portersprings | | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | low strength. | | | | | | | RnB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: Rentzel | cutbanks cave,| wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | | | | | too sandy. | | | | | | SaB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Sacul | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | | | shrink-swell. | | low strength. | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | | Sawlit------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight. | wetness. | wetness, | wetness, | wetness, | low strength. | | | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | Latex------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight. | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | wetness. | | shrink-swell. | | low strength. | | | | | | | TaE------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: Tenaha | cutbanks cave.| slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | droughty, | | | | | | slope. | | | | | | Te------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Texark | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | shrink-swell, | too clayey. | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | low strength, | | | | shrink-swell. | | flooding. | | | | | | | Tf------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: Texark | cutbanks cave,| flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness. | shrink-swell. | wetness, | shrink-swell. | low strength, | too clayey. | | | shrink-swell. | | wetness. | | | | | | | ToC------|Severe: |Slight------|Slight------|Moderate: |Slight------|Severe: Tonkawa | cutbanks cave.| | | slope. | | droughty. | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 294 Soil Survey
Table 10.--Building Site Development--Continued ______| | | | | | Soil name and | Shallow | Dwellings | Dwellings | Small | Local roads | Lawns and map symbol | excavations | without | with | commercial | and streets | landscaping ______| | basements | basements | buildings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TrE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Trawick | depth to rock,| shrink-swell, | depth to rock,| slope. | low strength. | slope. | too clayey, | slope. | slope, | | | | slope. | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | TwC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: Trawick | depth to rock,| shrink-swell. | depth to rock,| shrink-swell. | low strength. | small stones. | too clayey. | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | TwE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Trawick | depth to rock,| shrink-swell, | depth to rock,| slope. | low strength. | small stones, | too clayey, | slope. | slope, | | | slope. | slope. | | shrink-swell. | | | | | | | | | TxG*: | | | | | | Trawick------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | low strength, | slope. | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | Bub------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: | depth to rock,| slope. | depth to rock,| slope. | low strength, | slope, | slope. | | slope. | | slope. | depth to rock. | | | | | | WnB------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight------|Slight. Woden | | | | | | | | | | | | WoB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight. Woodtell | too clayey. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | | | | | | low strength. | | | | | | | WoE------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: Woodtell | too clayey, | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell. | shrink-swell, | shrink-swell, | slope. | slope. | | | slope. | low strength. | ______| | | | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. Houston County, Texas 295
Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities
(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "good," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)
______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Alazan | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | AbA*: | | | | | Alazan------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | Besner------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good. | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | seepage. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | AfB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Alto | wetness, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | | | wetness. | | | | | AnA*------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Annona | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | AnB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Annona | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | AtB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Slight------|Good. Attoyac | percs slowly. | seepage, | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | | AuB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Slight------|Good. Austonio | percs slowly. | seepage. | seepage. | | | | | | | AuD------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: Austonio | percs slowly, | seepage, | seepage. | slope. | slope. | slope. | slope. | | | | | | | | BaB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight------|Fair: Bernaldo | wetness, | seepage. | too clayey. | | too clayey. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | BbA*: | | | | | Bernaldo------|Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Slight------|Fair: | wetness, | seepage. | too clayey. | | too clayey. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good. | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | seepage. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | BeA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good. Besner | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | seepage. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | BtC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Betis | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage, | | | too sandy. | | too sandy. | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 296 Soil Survey
Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | BwB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Fair: Bowie | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | | too clayey. | percs slowly. | slope, | too clayey. | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | ChA------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Chireno | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack. | | | | | CtE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Cuthbert | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey. | | | | | CtG------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Cuthbert | percs slowly, | slope. | slope, | slope. | too clayey, | slope. | | too clayey. | | slope. | | | | | CuE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Cuthbert | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey. | | | | | DaC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Darco | poor filter. | seepage. | too sandy. | seepage. | too sandy. | | | | | DaE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Darco | poor filter. | seepage, | too sandy. | seepage. | too sandy. | | slope. | | | | | | | | EaA------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Eastham | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | EaB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Eastham | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | ErB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Poor: Elrose | percs slowly. | seepage. | too clayey. | | too clayey. | | | | | EtB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Etoile | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | FrB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Freestone | wetness, | slope. | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | Freestone------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: | wetness, | | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | Derly------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack, | | | | | ponding. | | | | | FuA------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Fuller | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | percs slowly. | | excess sodium. | | excess sodium. | | | | | FuB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Fuller | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | percs slowly. | slope. | excess sodium. | | excess sodium. | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 297
Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | GaA------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Garner | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | GrB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Grapeland | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage. | seepage. | too sandy. | | | | | HaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Hainesville | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | too sandy. | | | too sandy. | | | | | | | HbC------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Hallsbluff | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | Hc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Hannahatchee | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | too clayey. | | | | | HeA------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Herty | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack, | | | | | wetness. | | | | | HeB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Herty | wetness, | slope. | wetness, | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack, | | | | | wetness. | | | | | Iu------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Iulus | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | Ka, Kb------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Kaufman | flooding, | | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey, | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | hard to pack. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | KcE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Kellison | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | KeB, KeD------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: Keltys | percs slowly. | seepage, | depth to rock. | depth to rock. | depth to rock. | | slope, | | | | | depth to rock. | | | | | | | | KfC, KgC, KhC------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Kirvin | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | Ko------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Kosse | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | too clayey. | wetness, | | wetness. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | Kp------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good. Koury | flooding, | flooding. | flooding. | flooding. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 298 Soil Survey
Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | KuB, KuD------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Kurth | wetness, | seepage, | too acid. | | too acid. | percs slowly. | slope, | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | LaA------|Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Slight------|Poor: LaCerda | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | LaB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: LaCerda | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | LaE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: LaCerda | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | Lc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Laneville | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding. | too clayey, | wetness, | | wetness, | | hard to pack. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | LeB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Fair: Latex | wetness, | seepage, | wetness, | | too clayey, | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | wetness, | | | | | thin layer. | | | | | LtC------|Severe: |Severe: |Slight------|Severe: |Good. Lilbert | percs slowly. | seepage. | | seepage. | | | | | | LvC, LvD------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Good. Lovelady | percs slowly, | seepage. | too clayey. | seepage. | | poor filter. | | | | | | | | | MoA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Mollville | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding. | ponding. | percs slowly. | ponding. | ponding. | | | | | | | MpA*: | | | | | Mollville------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | ponding, | seepage, | seepage, | ponding. | ponding. | percs slowly. | ponding. | ponding. | | | | | | | Besner------|Moderate: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good. | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | seepage. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | MsB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Moswell | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | MsE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Moswell | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | Moten------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Fair: | wetness, | seepage. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | Multey------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Good. | percs slowly. | seepage. | seepage. | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 299
Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | NaG------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Naclina | percs slowly, | slope. | slope, | slope. | too clayey, | slope. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack, | | | | | slope. | | | | | Nc------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Naconiche | flooding, | seepage, | flooding, | flooding, | seepage, | wetness. | flooding, | seepage, | seepage, | too sandy, | | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | Nh------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Nahatche | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | Ozias------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey, | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | hard to pack, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | wetness. | | | | | Pophers------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | PeB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Fair: Penning | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | wetness. | wetness, | percs slowly. | wetness. | | | thin layer. | | | | | PnA------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Percilla | ponding, | ponding. | ponding, | ponding. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack, | | | | | ponding. | | | | | Po------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Pophers | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding, | wetness. | wetness, | | wetness. | wetness. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | PsA------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Good. Portersprings | flooding, | seepage. | seepage. | flooding. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | | RnB------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Fair: Rentzel | wetness, | seepage, | wetness. | seepage. | wetness. | percs slowly, | wetness. | | | | poor filter. | | | | | | | | | SaB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Sacul | wetness, | slope. | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | Sawlit------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: | wetness, | seepage. | too clayey. | wetness. | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | Latex------|Severe: |Moderate: |Moderate: |Slight------|Fair: | wetness, | seepage. | wetness, | | too clayey, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | wetness, | | | | | thin layer. | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 300 Soil Survey
Table 11.--Sanitary Facilities--Continued ______| | | | | Soil name and | Septic tank | Sewage lagoon | Trench | Area | Daily cover map symbol | absorption | areas | sanitary | sanitary | for landfill ______| fields | | landfill | landfill | | | | | | | | | | | TaE------|Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Fair: Tenaha | percs slowly, | seepage, | slope, | seepage. | too sandy, | poor filter. | slope. | too sandy. | | slope, | | | | | thin layer. | | | | | Te------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Texark | flooding, | flooding. | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey, | wetness, | | wetness, | wetness. | hard to pack. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | Tf------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Texark | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | flooding, | too clayey, | wetness, | wetness. | wetness, | wetness. | hard to pack. | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | | | | | | ToC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Tonkawa | poor filter. | seepage. | seepage, | seepage. | seepage, | | | too sandy. | | too sandy. | | | | | TrE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Trawick | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock. | depth to rock, | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | TwC------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Trawick | depth to rock, | depth to rock. | depth to rock, | depth to rock. | depth to rock, | percs slowly. | | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | TwE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: Trawick | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock. | depth to rock, | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | TxG*: | | | | | Trawick------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | percs slowly, | slope. | slope, | slope. | too clayey, | slope. | | too clayey. | | hard to pack. | | | | | Bub------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Poor: | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | depth to rock, | slope. | slope. | slope, | slope. | too clayey, | | | too clayey. | | hard to pack. | | | | | WnB------|Slight------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Good. Woden | | seepage. | seepage. | seepage. | | | | | | WoB------|Severe: |Moderate: |Severe: |Slight------|Poor: Woodtell | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. | | | | | WoE------|Severe: |Severe: |Severe: |Moderate: |Poor: Woodtell | percs slowly. | slope. | too clayey. | slope. | too clayey, | | | | | hard to pack. ______| | | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. Houston County, Texas 301
Table 12.--Construction Materials
(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "good," "fair," and other terms. Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not rated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)
______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Alazan | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | wetness. | | | | | | | AbA*: | | | | Alazan------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | wetness. | | | | | | | Besner------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | AfB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Alto | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | wetness. | | | | | | | AnA*, AnB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Annona | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | AtB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Attoyac | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | AuB------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Austonio | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | | | | small stones. | | | | AuD------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Austonio | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | | | | small stones, | | | | slope. | | | | BaB------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Bernaldo | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | BbA*: | | | | Bernaldo------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | Besner------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | BeA------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. Besner | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | BtC------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Poor: Betis | | | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | BwB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Bowie | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | ChA------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Chireno | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 302 Soil Survey
Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | CtE------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Cuthbert | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | CtG------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Cuthbert | slope. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | | | | slope. | | | | CuE------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Cuthbert | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength. | | | small stones. | | | | DaC, DaE------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Darco | | excess fines. | excess fines. | area reclaim, | | | | too sandy. | | | | EaA, EaB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Eastham | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | ErB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Elrose | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | EtB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Etoile | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | FrB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Freestone | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | Freestone------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | Derly------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength, | | | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | FuA, FuB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Fuller | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness, | | | | excess sodium. | | | | GaA------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Garner | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | GrB------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Grapeland | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy. | | | | HaA------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Hainesville | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy. | | | | HbC------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Hallsbluff | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | Hc------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Hannahatchee | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 303
Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | HeA, HeB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Herty | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength, | | | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | Iu------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. Iulus | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | Ka, Kb------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Kaufman | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | KcE------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Kellison | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | KeB, KeD------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. Keltys | thin layer, | excess fines. | excess fines. | | area reclaim. | | | | | | | KfC, KgC, KhC------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Kirvin | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | Ko------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Kosse | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | Kp------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. Koury | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | KuB, KuD------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Kurth | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | thin layer. | | | | LaA, LaB, LaE------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: LaCerda | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | Lc------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Laneville | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength. | | | thin layer. | | | | LeB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Latex | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | LtC------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Lilbert | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy. | | | | LvC, LvD------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Lovelady | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy. | | | | MoA------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Mollville | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | | | | MpA*: | | | | Mollville------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | | | | Besner------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 304 Soil Survey
Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | MsB, MsE------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Moswell | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | Moten------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | Multey------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | NaG------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Naclina | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength, | | | slope. | slope. | | | | | | | Nc------|Poor: |Probable------|Improbable: |Poor: Naconiche | wetness. | | too sandy. | too sandy, | | | | wetness. | | | | Nh------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Nahatche | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | wetness. | wetness. | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | Ozias------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength, | | | excess salt, | wetness. | | | wetness. | | | | Pophers------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | PeB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Penning | low strength, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | thin layer, | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | PnA------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Percilla | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | | | | wetness. | | | | Po------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Pophers | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | PsA------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Portersprings | | excess fines. | too sandy. | too clayey. | | | | RnB------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Rentzel | wetness. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy. | | | | SaB------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Sacul | low strength. | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | | | | SwA*: | | | | Sawlit------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 305
Table 12.--Construction Materials--Continued ______| | | | Soil name and | Roadfill | Sand | Gravel | Topsoil map symbol | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | Latex------|Fair: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | TaE------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Fair: Tenaha | | excess fines. | excess fines. | too sandy, | | | | small stones, | | | | slope. | | | | Te, Tf------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Texark | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | ToC------|Good------|Probable------|Improbable: |Poor: Tonkawa | | | too sandy. | too sandy. | | | | TrE------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Trawick | depth to rock, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | | | | | TwC, TwE------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Trawick | depth to rock, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength. | | | small stones. | | | | TxG*: | | | | Trawick------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey, | low strength, | | | small stones, | slope. | | | slope. | | | | Bub------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: | depth to rock, | excess fines. | excess fines. | depth to rock, | low strength, | | | too clayey. | slope. | | | | | | | WnB------|Good------|Improbable: |Improbable: |Good. Woden | | excess fines. | excess fines. | | | | | WoB, WoE------|Poor: |Improbable: |Improbable: |Poor: Woodtell | shrink-swell, | excess fines. | excess fines. | too clayey. | low strength. | | | ______| | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. 306 Soil Survey
Table 13.--Water Management
(Some terms that describe restrictive soil features are defined in the Glossary. See text for definitions of "slight," "moderate," and "severe." Absence of an entry indicates that the soil was not evaluated. The information in this table indicates the dominant soil condition but does not eliminate the need for onsite investigation.)
______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting- Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily. Alazan | seepage. | wetness. | | soil blowing, | wetness, | | | | | erodes easily.| soil blowing. | | | | | | | AbA*: | | | | | | Alazan------|Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily. | seepage. | wetness. | | soil blowing, | wetness, | | | | | erodes easily.| soil blowing. | | | | | | | Besner------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing---|Soil blowing---|Favorable. | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | AfB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Favorable------|Wetness------|Wetness------|Favorable. Alto | seepage. | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | AnA*, AnB------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly, |Erodes easily, Annona | | hard to pack. | | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | | | | | | AtB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. Attoyac | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | AuB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing---|Soil blowing---|Favorable. Austonio | seepage. | thin layer. | | | | | | | | | | AuD------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope. Austonio | seepage. | thin layer. | | soil blowing. | soil blowing. | | | | | | | BaB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. Bernaldo | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | BbA*: | | | | | | Bernaldo------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | Besner------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing---|Soil blowing---|Favorable. | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | BeA------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing---|Soil blowing---|Favorable. Besner | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | BtC------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy, |Droughty. Betis | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | soil blowing. | | | piping. | | fast intake. | | | | | | | | BwB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. Bowie | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | ChA------|Slight------|Moderate: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. Chireno | | hard to pack, | | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | CtE, CtG------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Cuthbert | seepage. | piping. | | droughty, | erodes easily,| erodes easily, | | | | soil blowing. | percs slowly. | droughty. | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 307
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting- Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways | | | | | | | | | | | | CuE------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Cuthbert | seepage. | piping. | | droughty. | percs slowly. | droughty. | | | | | | DaC------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy, |Droughty, Darco | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | soil blowing. | rooting depth. | | piping. | | fast intake. | | | | | | | | DaE------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Darco | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | too sandy, | droughty, | | piping. | | fast intake. | soil blowing. | rooting depth. | | | | | | EaA, EaB------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slow intake, |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly. Eastham | | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | ErB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Soil blowing---|Favorable. Elrose | seepage. | hard to pack. | | | | | | | | | | EtB------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily, Etoile | | hard to pack. | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | FrB------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Wetness------|Wetness, |Percs slowly. Freestone | | hard to pack. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | | Freestone------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Wetness------|Wetness, |Percs slowly. | | hard to pack. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | Derly------|Slight------|Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, | | wetness. | percs slowly. | percs slowly, | ponding, | erodes easily, | | | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | FuA, FuB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, Fuller | seepage. | piping, | excess sodium.| percs slowly. | wetness, | excess sodium, | | wetness, | | | soil blowing. | erodes easily. | | excess sodium.| | | | | | | | | | GaA------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slow intake, |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly. Garner | | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | GrB------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty. Grapeland | seepage. | seepage, | | fast intake, | soil blowing. | | | piping. | | soil blowing. | | | | | | | | HaA------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Droughty, |Too sandy, |Droughty. Hainesville | seepage. | seepage, | | fast intake, | soil blowing. | | | piping. | | soil blowing. | | | | | | | | HbC------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly. Hallsbluff | | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | Hc------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing, |Soil blowing---|Favorable. Hannahatchee | seepage. | piping. | | flooding. | | | | | | | | HeA, HeB------|Slight------|Severe: |Percs slowly---|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, Herty | | wetness. | | percs slowly. | wetness, | erodes easily, | | | | | soil blowing. | percs slowly. | | | | | | Iu------|Moderate: |Severe: |Flooding------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily. Iulus | seepage. | piping. | | erodes easily,| wetness. | | | | | flooding. | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 308 Soil Survey
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting- Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways | | | | | | | | | | | | Ka, Kb------|Slight------|Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness, |Percs slowly. Kaufman | | hard to pack, | flooding. | slow intake, | percs slowly. | | | wetness. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | KcE------|Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Kellison | slope. | thin layer, | | soil blowing, | erodes easily,| erodes easily, | | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | soil blowing. | percs slowly. | | | | | | KeB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily, Keltys | seepage. | piping. | | percs slowly, | soil blowing, | percs slowly. | | | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | | | | | | | KeD------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily, Keltys | seepage, | piping. | | soil blowing, | soil blowing, | percs slowly, | slope. | | | erodes easily.| percs slowly, | slope. | | | | | slope. | | | | | | | KfC------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope------|Erodes easily |Erodes easily. Kirvin | | hard to pack. | | | | | | | | | | KgC------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Favorable------|Favorable. Kirvin | | hard to pack. | | droughty. | | | | | | | | KhC------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Favorable------|Favorable. Kirvin | | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | Ko------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Flooding------|Favorable------|Favorable. Kosse | seepage. | thin layer, | | | | | | piping, | | | | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | Kp------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily |Erodes easily. Koury | | piping. | | flooding. | | | | | | | | KuB------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Soil blowing, |Soil blowing---|Favorable. Kurth | seepage. | piping. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | KuD------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowing---|Favorable. Kurth | seepage, | piping. | | soil blowing, | | | slope. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | LaA, LaB------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly---|Percs slowly---|Percs slowly. LaCerda | | hard to pack. | | | | | | | | | | LaE------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Slope, |Slope, LaCerda | | hard to pack. | | slope. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | Lc------|Slight------|Moderate: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily, Laneville | | hard to pack, | flooding. | percs slowly, | wetness, | percs slowly. | | wetness. | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | | | | | | | LeB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily. Latex | seepage. | piping. | | percs slowly, | soil blowing. | | | | | erodes easily.| | | | | | | | LtC------|Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Soil blowing---|Droughty. Lilbert | seepage. | piping. | | droughty, | | | | | | fast intake. | | | | | | | | LvC, LvD------|Severe: |Moderate: |Slope------|Slope, |Soil blowing---|Droughty. Lovelady | seepage. | piping. | | droughty. | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 309
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting- Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways | | | | | | | | | | | | MoA------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, Mollville | seepage. | ponding. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | ponding, | erodes easily, | | | | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | MpA*: | | | | | | Mollville------|Severe: |Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, | seepage. | ponding. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | ponding, | erodes easily, | | | | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | Besner------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing---|Soil blowing---|Favorable. | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | MsB------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily, Moswell | | hard to pack. | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | MsE------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Moswell | slope. | hard to pack. | | percs slowly, | erodes easily,| erodes easily, | | | | erodes easily.| percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | | Moten------|Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily. | seepage. | piping. | | soil blowing, | wetness, | | | | | percs slowly. | soil blowing. | | | | | | | Multey------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing---|Soil blowing---|Favorable. | seepage. | thin layer. | | | | | | | | | | NaG------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Naclina | slope. | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | Nc------|Severe: |Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Wetness, |Wetness, Naconiche | seepage. | seepage, | cutbanks cave.| droughty. | too sandy, | droughty. | | piping, | | | soil blowing. | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | Nh------|Moderate: |Severe: |Flooding------|Wetness, |Wetness------|Wetness. Nahatche | seepage. | wetness. | | flooding. | | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | | Ozias------|Slight------|Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness, |Wetness, | | wetness. | flooding, | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | excess salt, | | | excess salt. | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | Pophers------|Slight------|Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, | | wetness. | excess salt. | percs slowly, | wetness. | erodes easily, | | | | flooding. | | percs slowly. | | | | | | PeB------|Moderate: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily. Penning | seepage. | piping. | | percs slowly, | wetness. | | | | | erodes easily.| | | | | | | | PnA------|Slight------|Severe: |Ponding, |Ponding, |Ponding, |Wetness, Percilla | | ponding. | percs slowly. | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | percs slowly, | | | | erodes easily.| erodes easily.| erodes easily. | | | | | | Po------|Slight------|Severe: |Flooding, |Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Wetness, Pophers | | wetness. | excess salt. | percs slowly, | wetness. | erodes easily, | | | | flooding, | | percs slowly. | | | | erodes easily.| | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 310 Soil Survey
Table 13.--Water Management--Continued ______|______Limitations for-- | Features affecting-- Soil name and | Pond | Embankments, | | | Terraces | map symbol | reservoir | dikes, and | Drainage | Irrigation | and | Grassed ______| areas | levees | | | diversions | waterways | | | | | | | | | | | | PsA------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Favorable------|Favorable. Portersprings | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | RnB------|Severe: |Severe: |Favorable------|Wetness, |Wetness, |Favorable. Rentzel | seepage. | piping. | | fast intake. | soil blowing. | | | | | | | SaB------|Slight------|Moderate: |Percs slowly---|Wetness------|Wetness, |Percs slowly. Sacul | | hard to pack, | | | soil blowing. | | | wetness. | | | | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | | Sawlit------|Moderate: |Severe: |Percs slowly---|Wetness, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily, | seepage. | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | wetness. | percs slowly. | | | | | | Latex------|Moderate: |Severe: |Deep to water |Soil blowing, |Erodes easily, |Erodes easily. | seepage. | piping. | | percs slowly, | soil blowing. | | | | | erodes easily.| | | | | | | | TaE------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Tenaha | seepage. | seepage, | | droughty, | soil blowing. | droughty. | | piping. | | fast intake. | | | | | | | | Te, Tf------|Slight------|Severe: |Percs slowly, |Wetness, |Wetness, |Percs slowly. Texark | | hard to pack. | flooding. | slow intake, | percs slowly. | | | | | percs slowly. | | | | | | | | ToC------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Too sandy, |Droughty. Tonkawa | seepage. | seepage. | | droughty, | soil blowing. | | | | | fast intake. | | | | | | | | TrE------|Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Trawick | slope. | thin layer, | | depth to rock,| depth to rock,| depth to rock, | | hard to pack. | | soil blowing. | soil blowing, | erodes easily. | | | | | erodes easily.| | | | | | | TwC------|Moderate: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Depth to rock |Depth to rock. Trawick | depth to rock,| thin layer, | | depth to rock.| | | slope. | hard to pack. | | | | | | | | | | TwE------|Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Trawick | slope. | thin layer, | | depth to rock.| depth to rock.| depth to rock. | | hard to pack. | | | | | | | | | | TxG*: | | | | | | Trawick------|Severe: |Moderate: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, | slope. | thin layer, | | depth to rock.| depth to rock.| depth to rock. | | hard to pack. | | | | | | | | | | Bub------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, | depth to rock,| thin layer. | | droughty. | depth to rock.| droughty. | slope. | | | | | | | | | | | WnB------|Severe: |Severe: |Deep to water |Favorable------|Soil blowing---|Favorable. Woden | seepage. | piping. | | | | | | | | | | WoB------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Percs slowly---|Erodes easily, |Erodes easily, Woodtell | | hard to pack. | | | percs slowly. | percs slowly. | | | | | | WoE------|Slight------|Severe: |Deep to water |Slope, |Slope, |Slope, Woodtell | | hard to pack. | | percs slowly. | erodes easily.| erodes easily. ______| | | | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. Houston County, Texas 311
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties
(The symbol < means less than. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not estimated.)
______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------| 0-9 |Very fine sandy |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-80 | <25 | NP-7 Alazan | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 9-80 |Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-6, A-4 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-85 | 25-40 | 8-22 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA*: | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------| 0-12 |Very fine sandy |ML, CL-ML |A-4 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-80 | <25 | NP-7 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 12-80 |Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-6, A-4 | 100 |96-100|90-100|51-85 | 25-40 | 8-22 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 5-28 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | very fine sandy | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 28-83 |Loam, fine sandy |CL-ML, ML,|A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | loam. | SC-SM, SM| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AfB------| 0-4 |Fine sandy loam |SC-SM, SC |A-2-4, A-4|95-100|90-95 |80-90 |30-50 | 15-26 | 4-10 Alto | 4-16 |Loam, sandy clay |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 |95-100|85-95 |75-95 |42-65 | 30-45 | 15-30 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 16-32 |Clay loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 |90-100|45-95 |80-95 |42-70 | 30-45 | 15-30 | | clay, very | | | | | | | | | | gravelly clay. | | | | | | | | | 32-56 |Loam, sandy clay |CL, SC |A-6, A-7 |90-100|45-95 |60-85 |42-65 | 32-45 | 15-25 | | loam, clay loam,| | | | | | | | | | very gravelly | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | 56-74 |Stratified fine |CL, SC, CH|A-6, A-7, |90-100|65-90 |60-90 |30-60 | 30-51 | 15-30 | | sandy loam to | | A-2-6, | | | | | | | | shaly clay. | | A-2 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnA*------| 0-8 |Loam------|SM, ML, |A-4 |95-100|95-100|75-100|45-75 | 16-30 | NP-7 Annona | | | SC-SM, | | | | | | | | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | 8-34 |Clay, clay loam |CH,CL |A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 | 51-70 | 30-45 | 34-89 |Clay loam, clay |CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 | 41-65 | 25-45 | | | | | | | | | | AnB------| 0-10 |Loam------|SM, ML, |A-4 |95-100|95-100|75-100|45-75 | 16-30 | NP-7 Annona | | | SC-SM, | | | | | | | | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | 10-38 |Clay, clay loam |CH, CL |A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 | 51-70 | 30-45 | 38-82 |Clay loam, clay |CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|75-95 | 41-65 | 25-45 | | | | | | | | | | AtB------| 0-16 |Fine sandy loam |SC-SM, |A-4 |98-100|95-100|70-100|40-65 | <23 | NP-7 Attoyac | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | ML, SM | | | | | | | | 16-80 |Fine sandy loam, |CL, SC |A-4, A-6 |98-100|95-100|80-100|45-75 | 23-40 | 7-24 | | sandy clay loam,| | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 312 Soil Survey
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | AuB------| 0-12 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 | 20-28 | 3-10 Austonio | | | SC, CL | | | | | | | | 12-19 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 | 20-28 | 3-10 | | | SC, CL | | | | | | | | 19-42 |Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-6 | 100 |95-100|90-100|51-75 | 26-40 | 12-24 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 42-68 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 |98-100|95-100|80-100|40-70 | <28 | NP-7 | | loam. | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 68-80 |Loamy fine sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4|95-100|95-100|85-100|15-45 | <25 | NP-5 | | fine sandy loam.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuD------| 0-4 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 | 20-28 | 3-10 Austonio | | | SC, CL | | | | | | | | 4-11 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 |90-100|90-100|85-95 |36-55 | 20-28 | 3-10 | | | SC, CL | | | | | | | | 11-52 |Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-6 | 100 |95-100|90-100|51-75 | 26-40 | 12-24 | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 52-72 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 |98-100|95-100|80-100|40-70 | <28 | NP-7 | | loam. | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 72-80 |Loamy fine sand, |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4|95-100|95-100|85-100|15-45 | <25 | NP-5 | | fine sandy loam.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaB------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|40-60 | <25 | NP-4 Bernaldo | 5-15 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, SM, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|40-70 | <25 | NP-5 | | very fine sandy | CL-ML | | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | 15-49 |Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-6 |99-100|98-100|90-100|51-75 | 26-40 | 12-24 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 49-84 |Fine sandy loam, |CL, SC, |A-4, A-6, | 100 |95-100|90-100|28-65 | 20-40 | 3-22 | | loam, sandy clay| ML, SM | A-2-4 | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BbA*: | | | | | | | | | | Bernaldo------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|40-60 | <25 | NP-4 | 5-18 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, SM, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|40-70 | <25 | NP-5 | | very fine sandy | CL-ML | | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | 18-41 |Loam, sandy clay |CL |A-6 |99-100|98-100|90-100|51-75 | 26-40 | 12-24 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 41-80 |Fine sandy loam, |CL, SC, |A-4, A-6, | 100 |95-100|90-100|28-65 | 20-40 | 3-22 | | loam, sandy clay| ML, SM | A-2-4 | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 7-27 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | very fine sandy | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 27-44 |Loam, fine sandy |CL-ML, ML,|A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | loam. | SC-SM, SM| | | | | | | | 44-80 |Loam, sandy clay |SC, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-100|29-75 | 18-30 | 3-15 | | loam, fine sandy| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | loam. | SC-SM, ML| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 313
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | BeA------| 0-10 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | <25 | NP-7 Besner | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 10-18 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 18-30 |Loam, fine sandy |CL-ML, ML,|A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | loam. | SC-SM, SM| | | | | | | | 30-80 |Loam, sandy clay |SC, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-100|29-75 | 18-30 | 3-15 | | loam, fine sandy| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | loam. | SC-SM, ML| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BtC------| 0-10 |Loamy fine sand |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 100 |97-100|90-100|10-35 | --- | NP Betis | 10-40 |Fine sand, loamy |SM, SP-SM |A-2 | 100 |97-100|90-100|10-35 | --- | NP | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | 40-83 |Fine sand, loamy |SM |A-2, A-4 | 100 |97-100|90-100|25-50 | --- | NP | | fine sand, fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | BwB------| 0-13 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4, A-4|97-100|94-100|90-100|30-55 | <25 | NP-6 Bowie | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 13-38 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |90-100|87-100|80-100|40-72 | 20-40 | 8-25 | | clay loam, fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam, | | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 38-72 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6, |80-100|70-100|65-100|34-77 | 20-40 | 8-25 | | clay loam, fine | | A-2 | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | 72-93 |Sandy clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|75-100|51-80 | 31-49 | 14-30 | | clay loam, sandy| | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ChA------| 0-12 |Loam------|CL |A-7, A-6 |99-100|90-100|90-97 |51-85 | 32-46 | 14-25 Chireno | 12-80 |Sandy clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7 |95-100|85-95 |65-95 |51-85 | 44-60 | 23-36 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtE------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-2-4, A-4|85-100|78-100|75-98 |20-55 | <32 | NP-7 Cuthbert | | | SC-SM, | | | | | | | | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | 9-23 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL, CH|A-6, A-7-6|85-100|75-100|65-100|45-98 | 37-64 | 19-40 | | sandy clay, | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | 23-35 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-7, |85-100|80-100|75-100|28-84 | 29-45 | 11-26 | | sandy clay loam,| | A-2-6 | | | | | | | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | 35-62 |Stratified fine |SC, CL |A-6, A-7, |85-100|80-100|75-100|28-84 | 21-45 | 7-26 | | sandy loam to | | A-2-6 | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtG------| 0-9 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-2-4, A-4|85-100|78-100|75-98 |20-55 | <32 | NP-7 Cuthbert | | | SC-SM, | | | | | | | | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | 9-28 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL, CH|A-6, A-7-6|85-100|75-100|65-100|45-98 | 37-64 | 19-40 | | sandy clay, | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | 28-60 |Stratified fine |SC, CL |A-6, A-7, |85-100|80-100|75-100|28-84 | 21-45 | 7-26 | | sandy loam to | | A-2-6 | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 314 Soil Survey
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | CuE------| 0-5 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM, |A-1-B, |60-88 |50-80 |35-75 |20-49 | <32 | NP-7 Cuthbert | | sandy loam. | GM-GC, | A-2-4, | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | A-4 | | | | | | | 5-35 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL, CH|A-6, A-7-6|85-100|75-100|65-100|45-98 | 37-64 | 19-40 | | sandy clay, | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | 35-60 |Stratified fine |SC, CL |A-6, A-7, |85-100|80-100|75-100|28-84 | 21-45 | 7-26 | | sandy loam to | | A-2-6 | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DaC------| 0-12 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|75-100|15-30 | 16-20 | NP-3 Darco | 12-47 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|75-100|15-30 | 16-20 | NP-3 | 47-68 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-6, |95-100|95-100|80-100|23-55 | 25-45 | 9-28 | | fine sandy loam.| | A-7-6, | | | | | | | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | | | 68-82 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM |A-2, A-4, |95-100|95-100|75-100|23-50 | 20-40 | 5-18 | | fine sandy loam.| | A-6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DaE------| 0-12 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|75-100|15-30 | 16-20 | NP-3 Darco | 12-49 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|75-100|15-30 | 16-20 | NP-3 | 49-80 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-6, |95-100|95-100|80-100|23-55 | 25-45 | 9-28 | | fine sandy loam.| | A-7-6, | | | | | | | | | | A-2-4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaA------| 0-6 |Clay------|CL, CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 | 45-60 | 28-40 Eastham | 6-56 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 | 51-72 | 34-48 | 56-80 |Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|80-98 |70-98 | 60-84 | 40-60 | | | | | | | | | | EaB------| 0-4 |Clay------|CL, CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 | 45-60 | 28-40 Eastham | 4-40 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 | 51-72 | 34-48 | 40-88 |Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|80-98 |70-98 | 60-84 | 40-60 | | | | | | | | | | ErB------| 0-12 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4|85-100|78-100|70-99 |30-47 | 16-25 | NP-7 Elrose | 12-42 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6 |90-100|85-100|80-99 |36-65 | 20-39 | 8-23 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | | 42-80 |Clay loam, sandy |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 |90-100|80-100|80-100|50-97 | 32-65 | 16-37 | | clay, clay, fine| | | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB------| 0-4 |Loam------|CL-ML, ML |A-4 |98-100|98-100|85-95 |51-85 | 16-30 | NP-7 Etoile | 4-9 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6 |98-100|98-100|85-100|75-98 | 51-76 | 35-50 | 9-39 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6 |98-100|98-100|80-100|75-98 | 51-76 | 35-50 | 39-47 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6 |98-100|98-100|80-100|75-98 | 51-76 | 35-50 | 47-80 |Clay, clay loam |CH |A-7-6 |98-100|98-100|80-100|75-98 | 51-76 | 35-50 | | | | | | | | | | FrB------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|90-100|36-62 | 15-26 | NP-7 Freestone | | | CL-ML, ML| | | | | | | | 11-40 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-7, |95-100|95-100|90-100|55-85 | 24-46 | 7-23 | | loam, clay loam.| | A-4 | | | | | | | 40-81 |Clay, clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 | 42-70 | 21-44 | | | | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | | | | | | Freestone------| 0-21 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|90-100|36-62 | 15-26 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, ML| | | | | | | | 21-32 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, CL-ML |A-6, A-7, |95-100|95-100|90-100|55-85 | 24-46 | 7-23 | | loam, clay loam.| | A-4 | | | | | | | 32-85 |Clay, clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 | 42-70 | 21-44 | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 315
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity | | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index ______| __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | | | | | | Derly------| 0-12 |Loam------|ML, CL, |A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|55-90 | <30 | NP-10 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | 12-23 |Clay loam, silty |CL, CH |A-7, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|70-95 | 35-60 | 20-36 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 23-64 |Clay loam, silty |CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|75-95 | 39-60 | 26-36 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 64-80 |Loam, clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7, A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|56-95 | 34-60 | 20-36 | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuA------| 0-4 |Fine sandy loam |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 | 16-25 | NP-7 Fuller | | | SM, SC-SM| | | | | | | | 4-26 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 | 16-25 | NP-7 | | very fine sandy | SM, SC-SM| | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | 26-44 |Loam, clay loam, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6|98-100|98-100|95-100|51-75 | 35-60 | 15-40 | | silty clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 44-66 |Loam, clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7, A-6 |95-100|95-100|90-100|70-95 | 36-65 | 17-41 | | clay, silty clay| | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuB------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 | 16-25 | NP-7 Fuller | | | SM, SC-SM| | | | | | | | 7-27 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-60 | 16-25 | NP-7 | | very fine sandy | SM, SC-SM| | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | 27-51 |Loam, clay loam, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6|98-100|98-100|95-100|51-75 | 35-60 | 15-40 | | silty clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 51-65 |Loam, clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7, A-6 |95-100|95-100|90-100|70-95 | 36-65 | 17-41 | | clay, silty clay| | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA------| 0-7 |Clay------|CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6|95-100|95-100|67-100|65-100| 34-58 | 18-37 Garner | 7-45 |Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-100| 51-75 | 31-51 | 45-80 |Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-100| 51-75 | 31-51 | | | | | | | | | | GrB------| 0-12 |Fine sand------|SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4 | 100 |98-100|85-100|10-30 | <25 | NP-5 Grapeland | | | SP-SM | | | | | | | | 12-80 |Loamy sand, loamy|SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4| 100 |98-100|80-100|13-45 | <25 | NP-7 | | fine sand, fine | | | | | | | | | | sand. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| 0-14 |Fine sand------|SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4 |98-100|95-100|80-100|10-30 | <25 | NP-5 Hainesville | | | SW-SM | | | | | | | | 14-80 |Fine sand, loamy |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4|98-100|95-100|80-100|13-45 | <25 | NP-7 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HbC------| 0-6 |Clay loam------|CH, CL |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 | 45-60 | 28-40 Hallsbluff | 6-17 |Silty clay, clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 | 51-72 | 34-48 | 17-29 |Silty clay, clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|85-100|80-99 | 51-72 | 34-48 | 29-80 |Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|80-100|70-99 | 60-84 | 40-60 | | | | | | | | | | Hc------| 0-23 |Fine sandy loam |SC-SM, |A-4, A-6 |98-100|96-100|70-90 |40-65 | 16-30 | 3-11 Hannahatchee | | | CL-ML, CL| | | | | | | | 23-39 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, SC,|A-4, A-6 |98-100|96-100|85-90 |45-65 | 20-31 | 5-12 | | loam, sandy clay| CL | | | | | | | | | loam, very fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | 39-76 |Loam, sandy clay |CL-ML, SC,|A-4, A-6, |97-100|85-100|85-95 |45-75 | 23-43 | 7-18 | | loam, clay loam.| CL | A-7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 316 Soil Survey
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | HeA------| 0-8 |Loam------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-90 | 18-35 | 4-15 Herty | 8-18 |Clay loam, clay, |CL |A-6, A-7-6|98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 | 30-50 | 15-32 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | | 18-47 |Clay, silty clay |CH, CL |A-7-6, A-6|98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 | 36-53 | 20-35 | 47-80 |Clay loam, clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 | 51-75 | 30-50 | | | | | | | | | | HeB------| 0-10 |Loam, silt loam |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-90 | 18-35 | 4-15 Herty | 10-24 |Clay loam, clay, |CL |A-6, A-7-6|98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 | 30-50 | 15-32 | | silty clay. | | | | | | | | | 24-45 |Clay, silty clay |CH, CL |A-7-6, A-6|98-100|98-100|95-100|75-95 | 36-53 | 20-35 | 45-80 |Clay loam, clay |CH |A-7-6 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 | 51-75 | 30-50 | | | | | | | | | | Iu------| 0-7 |Fine sandy loam |CL-ML, ML |A-4 |95-100|95-100|85-95 |51-75 | 16-25 | NP-6 Iulus | 7-27 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, |A-4 |95-100|85-100|80-95 |45-75 | 16-25 | NP-6 | | loam. | SC-SM, | | | | | | | | | | SM, ML | | | | | | | | 27-82 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, CL,|A-4, A-6 |95-100|90-100|80-95 |45-75 | 16-32 | 3-15 | | loam, sandy clay| ML, SC | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ka------| 0-3 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-100| 56-96 | 33-62 Kaufman | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | 3-62 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 65-102| 45-71 | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | 62-90 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 64-102| 45-71 | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kb------| 0-7 |Clay------|CH |A-7-5, | 100 | 100 |90-100|80-100| 56-96 | 35-60 Kaufman | | | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | 7-62 |Clay------|CH |A-7-5 | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 65-100| 35-65 | 62-80 |Clay------|CH |A-7-5, | 100 | 100 |95-100|85-100| 65-100| 35-65 | | | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KcE------| 0-3 |Loam------|CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-90 | 18-35 | 4-15 Kellison | 3-7 |Very fine sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|95-100|51-90 | 18-35 | 4-15 | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | 7-22 |Clay loam, silty |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 |98-100|90-100|70-95 | 36-53 | 20-35 | | clay, clay. | | | | | | | | | 22-47 |Silty clay, clay |CH, CL |A-6, A-7-6| 100 |98-100|90-100|75-95 | 36-60 | 20-40 | 47-65 |Clay loam, clay |CH, CL |A-7-6 |98-100|95-100|90-100|70-95 | 48-75 | 28-50 | | | | | | | | | | KeB------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 | 16-30 | 1-7 Keltys | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 6-18 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 | 16-30 | 1-8 | | loamy very fine | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | | sand. | | | | | | | | | 18-57 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 | 20-30 | 1-10 | | loam, clay loam.| CL,CL-ML,| | | | | | | | | | ML | | | | | | | | 57-80 |Clay loam, clay |SC, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6, |95-100|95-100|85-100|45-80 | 34-46 | 14-25 | | | CL, CL-ML| A-7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 | 16-30 | 1-7 Keltys | | | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 8-17 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 | 16-30 | 1-8 | | loamy very fine | ML, CL-ML| | | | | | | | | sand. | | | | | | | | | 17-53 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|85-100|36-61 | 20-30 | 1-10 | | sandy clay loam.| CL,CL-ML,| | | | | | | | | | ML | | | | | | | | 53-80 |Clay loam, clay |SC, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6, |95-100|95-100|85-100|45-80 | 34-46 | 14-25 | | | CL, CL-ML| A-7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 317
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | KfC------| 0-11 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 |95-100|95-98 |90-95 |36-70 | <30 | NP-8 Kirvin | | | CL, SC | | | | | | | | 11-46 |Clay loam, sandy |CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|90-100|85-100|53-95 | 42-67 | 24-43 | | clay, clay. | | | | | | | | | 46-56 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|75-100|51-90 | 32-59 | 16-32 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 56-74 |Stratified sandy |SC, CL, CH|A-4, A-6, |95-100|90-100|50-90 |36-80 | 25-52 | 9-32 | | clay loam to | | A-7 | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KgC------| 0-11 |Gravelly fine |SM, GM, |A-2-4, A-4|55-92 |47-80 |40-75 |25-49 | <30 | NP-8 Kirvin | | sandy loam. | SC, GM-GC| | | | | | | | 11-38 |Clay loam, sandy |CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|90-100|85-100|53-95 | 42-67 | 24-43 | | clay, clay. | | | | | | | | | 38-48 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|75-100|51-90 | 32-59 | 16-32 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 48-60 |Stratified sandy |SC, CL, CH|A-4, A-6, |95-100|90-100|50-90 |36-80 | 25-52 | 9-32 | | clay loam to | | A-7 | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KhC------| 0-4 |Clay loam------|CL, CH |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|85-99 |51-80 | 32-52 | 16-32 Kirvin | 4-36 |Clay, sandy clay,|CL, CH |A-7 |95-100|88-100|84-99 |51-95 | 45-67 | 24-43 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | 36-45 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 |95-100|90-100|85-99 |51-90 | 32-52 | 16-32 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 45-70 |Stratified sandy |SC, CL, CH|A-4, A-6, |95-100|90-100|50-90 |36-80 | 25-52 | 9-32 | | clay loam to | | A-7 | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ko------| 0-15 |Sandy clay loam |CL |A-4, A-6, |95-100|95-100|80-100|55-80 | 28-42 | 9-21 Kosse | | | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | 15-44 |Sandy clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6, |95-100|95-100|80-100|60-80 | 28-41 | 9-21 | | clay loam. | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | 44-80 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, SC,|A-4 |95-100|95-100|75-98 |40-75 | 20-29 | 5-10 | | loam, sandy clay| CL | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp------| 0-9 |Silt loam------|CL-ML, ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|95-100|55-95 | 20-31 | 3-10 Koury | | | CL | | | | | | | | 9-54 |Loam, silt loam, |CL-ML, ML,|A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|95-100|65-95 | 20-31 | 3-11 | | very fine sandy | CL | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 54-80 |Loam, silt loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|95-100|65-95 | 20-40 | 4-20 | | clay loam, sandy| | | | | | | | | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4|98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 | <30 | NP-7 Kurth | 6-20 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4, A-4|98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 | <30 | NP-7 | | | ML | | | | | | | | 20-28 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|96-100|85-100|40-80 | 20-30 | 4-10 | | fine sandy loam.| CL, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 28-40 |Sandy clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|96-100|85-100|51-80 | 25-49 | 11-30 | | fine sandy loam.| | | | | | | | | 40-80 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL, CH|A-6, A-7 |98-100|95-100|85-100|40-83 | 25-53 | 11-35 | | sandy clay loam,| | | | | | | | | | clay loam. | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 318 Soil Survey
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | KuD------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4|98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 | <30 | NP-7 Kurth | 6-22 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4, A-4|98-100|98-100|85-100|25-50 | <30 | NP-7 | | | ML | | | | | | | | 22-29 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, SC-SM,|A-4 |98-100|96-100|85-100|40-80 | 20-30 | 4-10 | | fine sandy loam.| CL, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 29-40 |Sandy clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|96-100|85-100|51-80 | 25-49 | 11-30 | | fine sandy loam.| | | | | | | | | 40-80 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|95-100|85-100|40-83 | 25-53 | 11-35 | | sandy clay loam,| | | | | | | | | | Clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaA------| 0-4 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|96-100|95-100|80-98 | 30-50 | 15-30 LaCerda | 4-47 |Silty clay, clay |CH |A-7 |98-100|96-100|95-100|85-98 | 51-70 | 30-45 | 47-80 |Clay, clay loam |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-98 | 51-70 | 30-45 | | | | | | | | | | LaB------| 0-4 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|96-100|95-100|80-98 | 30-50 | 15-30 LaCerda | 4-49 |Silty clay, clay |CH |A-7 |98-100|96-100|95-100|85-98 | 51-70 | 30-45 | 49-80 |Clay, clay loam |CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-98 | 51-70 | 30-45 | | | | | | | | | | LaE------| 0-3 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|96-100|95-100|80-98 | 30-50 | 15-30 LaCerda | 3-43 |Silty clay, clay |CH |A-7 |98-100|96-100|95-100|85-98 | 51-70 | 30-45 | 43-80 |Clay------|CH |A-7 | 100 | 100 |95-100|80-98 | 51-70 | 30-45 | | | | | | | | | | Lc------| 0-12 |Loam------|CL-ML, ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 |95-100|90-100|80-95 | 18-40 | 3-20 Laneville | | | CL | | | | | | | | 12-34 |Loam, clay loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 | 100 |95-100|90-100|85-98 | 20-40 | 6-20 | | silty clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 34-87 |Clay loam, clay |CL, CH |A-6, A-7 | 100 |95-100|90-100|85-98 | 35-55 | 20-35 | | | | | | | | | | LeB------| 0-4 |Loam------|SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |99-100|96-100|90-100|45-75 | 19-30 | 2-9 Latex | | | SC, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 4-35 |Loam, clay loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 |99-100|95-100|90-100|51-80 | 20-40 | 6-25 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 35-80 |Clay, silty clay,|CH, CL |A-7-6 |99-100|95-100|90-100|75-98 | 41-70 | 20-43 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LtC------| 0-5 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4, A-4|95-100|95-100|80-100|17-40 | <20 | NP-3 Lilbert | 5-27 |Loamy fine sand |SM, ML |A-2-4, A-4|95-100|95-100|80-100|17-40 | <20 | NP-3 | 27-38 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-4 |95-100|95-100|85-100|36-55 | 23-39 | 8-22 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 38-80 |Sandy loam, sandy|SC, CL |A-6, A-4 |90-100|90-100|85-100|35-75 | 22-39 | 8-22 | | clay loam, clay | | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC------| 0-11 |Loamy sand------|SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | <20 | NP-3 Lovelady | 11-26 |Loamy sand, loamy|SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | <20 | NP-3 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | 26-62 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL, |A-6, A-4 |95-100|90-100|70-95 |35-60 | 20-40 | 5-20 | | sandy clay loam.| SC-SM | | | | | | | | 62-76 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, CH, SC|A-6, A-7 |90-100|90-100|75-99 |35-60 | 26-52 | 11-30 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 76-80 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6, |90-100|85-100|75-99 |35-60 | 25-50 | 9-30 | | sandy clay loam,| | A-7 | | | | | | | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 319
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | LvD------| 0-4 |Loamy sand------|SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | <20 | NP-3 Lovelady | 4-24 |Loamy sand, loamy|SM |A-2-4 |95-100|95-100|65-95 |15-35 | <20 | NP-3 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | 24-41 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL, |A-6, A-4 |98-100|90-100|70-95 |35-60 | 20-40 | 5-20 | | sandy clay loam.| SC-SM | | | | | | | | 41-67 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, CH, SC|A-6, A-7 |90-100|90-100|75-99 |35-60 | 26-52 | 11-30 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 67-81 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-4, A-6, |90-100|85-100|75-99 |35-60 | 25-50 | 9-30 | | sandy clay loam,| | A-7 | | | | | | | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MoA------| 0-10 |Loam------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|50-80 | 20-35 | 3-15 Mollville | | | CL | | | | | | | | 10-63 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 100 | 100 |90-100|45-75 | 25-40 | 8-22 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 63-84 |Clay loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|45-80 | 30-40 | 11-20 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA*: | | | | | | | | | | Mollville------| 0-14 |Loam------|ML, CL-ML,|A-4, A-6 | 100 | 100 |85-100|50-80 | 20-35 | 3-15 | | | CL | | | | | | | | 14-44 |Sandy clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-4 | 100 | 100 |90-100|45-75 | 25-40 | 8-22 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 44-52 |Clay loam, sandy |CL, SC |A-6 | 100 | 100 |90-100|45-80 | 30-40 | 11-20 | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | | 52-80 |Loamy fine sand, |SM, ML, |A-2-4, A-4|95-100|95-100|70-95 |15-68 | 15-25 | NP-6 | | fine sandy loam.|SC-SM, | | | | | | | | | |CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|29-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 5-36 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | very fine sandy | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 36-61 |Loam, fine sandy |CL-ML, ML,|A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-100|25-66 | <25 | NP-7 | | loam. | SC-SM, SM| | | | | | | | 61-80 |Loam, sandy clay |SC, CL, |A-6, A-4 | 100 |95-100|80-100|29-75 | 18-30 | 3-15 | | loam, fine sandy| CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | loam. | SC-SM, ML| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsB------| 0-6 |Loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 |97-100|95-100|80-95 |51-70 | <30 | NP-7 Moswell | 6-17 |Clay------|CH |A-7 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 | 65-95 | 35-65 | 17-46 |Clay------|CH |A-7 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 | 70-95 | 40-65 | 46-80 |Stratified clay |CH |A-7 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 | 70-95 | 55-70 | |loam to clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsE------| 0-6 |Loam------|ML, CL-ML |A-4 |97-100|95-100|80-95 |51-70 | <30 | NP-7 Moswell | 6-22 |Clay------|CH |A-7 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 | 65-95 | 35-65 | 22-47 |Clay------|CH |A-7 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 | 70-95 | 40-65 | 47-80 |Stratified clay |CH |A-7 |97-100|95-100|90-100|85-99 | 70-95 | 55-70 | |loam to clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 320 Soil Survey
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | | | | | | Moten------| 0-4 |Fine sandy loam |CL-ML, ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-65 | <20 | NP-7 | | | SM, SC-SM| | | | | | | | 4-23 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|95-100|40-65 | <30 | NP-7 | | very fine sandy | SM, SC-SM| | | | | | | | | loam, loam, silt| | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 23-38 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|90-100|51-80 | 18-30 | 4-12 | | loam, silt loam.| | | | | | | | | 38-64 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, CL,|A-4, A-6, |98-100|98-100|85-100|40-85 | 20-45 | 5-20 | | loam, silt loam.| SC, SC-SM| A-7 | | | | | | | 64-80 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, CL,|A-4, A-6, |98-100|98-100|85-100|40-90 | 20-50 | 5-20 | | loam, silt loam,| SC, SC-SM| A-7 | | | | | | | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Multey------| 0-5 |Fine sandy loam |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|90-100|40-60 | <30 | NP-7 | | | SC-SM, SM| | | | | | | | 5-22 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 |98-100|98-100|90-100|40-60 | <30 | NP-7 | | very fine sandy | SC-SM, SM| | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | 22-39 |Fine sandy loam, |CL-ML, CL,|A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|90-100|45-65 | 22-34 | 5-15 | | very fine sandy | SC-SM, SC| | | | | | | | | loam, loam. | | | | | | | | | 39-57 |Sandy clay loam, |CL |A-4, A-6 |98-100|98-100|90-100|51-70 | 25-40 | 8-20 | | very fine sandy | | | | | | | | | | loam, fine sandy| | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | 57-80 |Fine sandy loam, |ML, CL, |A-4, A-6, |98-100|95-100|60-100|30-80 | 20-40 | 3-18 | | sandy clay loam,| SM, SC | A-2-4, | | | | | | | | loam, very fine | | A-2-6 | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NaG------| 0-3 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|96-100|95-100|80-98 | 30-50 | 15-30 Naclina | 3-41 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6 |98-100|96-100|95-100|85-98 | 58-76 | 35-50 | 41-80 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6 |98-100|96-100|95-100|80-98 | 58-76 | 35-50 | | | | | | | | | | Nc------| 0-8 |Mucky sandy loam |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2-4|98-100|95-100|80-100|25-50 | 15-25 | NP-6 Naconiche | 8-25 |Loamy fine sand |SP-SM, SM,|A-2-4 |98-100|95-100|75-98 |10-35 | 15-25 | NP-6 | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 25-80 |Stratified sand |SP-SM, SM,|A-2-4 |98-100|95-100|70-98 |10-35 | 15-25 | NP-6 | | to fine sandy | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nh------| 0-9 |Loam------|CL |A-6, A-7, | 100 | 100 |90-100|54-92 | 25-47 | 8-25 Nahatche | | | | A-4 | | | | | | | 9-54 |Loam, clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-4 | 100 | 100 |85-100|60-90 | 25-40 | 8-20 | | silty clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 54-80 |Stratified loam |CL |A-6, A-7 | 100 | 100 |90-100|60-90 | 30-45 | 11-25 | | to silty clay | | | | | | | | | | loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------| 0-5 |Silty clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 | 41-55 | 20-33 | 5-63 |Silty clay loam, |CH, CL |A-7 |99-100|98-100|97-100|85-100| 45-70 | 20-40 | | silty clay, clay| | | | | | | | | | loam, clay. | | | | | | | | | 63-80 |Silty clay loam, |CH |A-7 |99-100|98-100|97-100|85-100| 51-70 | 25-40 | | silty clay, | | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 321
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------| 0-18 |Silty clay loam |CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 | 25-45 | 11-20 | 18-30 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 | 25-45 | 12-30 | | silt loam, loam.| | | | | | | | | 30-80 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 | 25-45 | 12-30 | | clay loam, silty| | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PeB------| 0-4 |Very fine sandy |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|60-85 | 16-25 | 3-10 Penning | | loam. | CL | | | | | | | | 4-19 |Very fine sandy |ML, CL-ML,|A-4 | 100 |95-100|90-100|60-85 | 16-25 | 3-10 | | loam, loam. | CL | | | | | | | | 19-38 |Very fine sandy |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6 |98-100|95-100|90-100|65-90 | 20-35 | 4-15 | | loam, loam, | | | | | | | | | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 38-56 |Loam, sandy clay |CL, CL-ML |A-4, A-6, |98-100|95-100|90-100|65-90 | 25-45 | 6-22 | | loam, very fine | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | 56-70 |Clay loam, clay |CL, CH |A-7-6 |98-100|95-100|90-100|70-99 | 41-65 | 22-40 | | | | | | | | | | PnA------| 0-4 |Clay loam------|CL |A-6, A-7 |95-100|95-100|90-100|55-90 | 30-35 | 12-28 Percilla | 4-83 |Clay, clay loam |CH, CL |A-7, A-6 |95-100|95-100|90-100|65-95 | 35-60 | 17-35 | | | | | | | | | | Po------| 0-16 |Silt loam |CL |A-6 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 | 25-40 | 11-20 Pophers | 16-30 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 | 25-45 | 12-30 | | silt loam, loam.| | | | | | | | | 30-82 |Silty clay loam, |CL |A-6, A-7 |98-100|98-100|96-100|80-98 | 25-45 | 12-30 | | clay loam, silty| | | | | | | | | | clay. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PsA------| 0-16 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4, | 100 |95-100|85-100|30-49 | 21-34 | 4-15 Portersprings | | | SC | A-2-4, | | | | | | | | | | A-2-6 | | | | | | | 16-42 |Loam, clay loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-4, | 100 |95-100|85-100|45-75 | 28-46 | 9-25 | | fine sandy loam,| | A-7 | | | | | | | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 42-72 |Loamy fine sand, |SM, SC-SM,|A-2-4, | 100 |95-100|85-100|26-49 | 16-32 | 2-114 | | fine sandy loam,| SC | A-2-6, | | | | | | | | sandy clay loam.| | A-4 | | | | | | | 72-87 |Fine sand------|SM, SP-SM |A-2-4 | 100 |95-100|65-99 |11-25 | 15-25 | NP-10 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RnB------| 0-6 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4, A-4|97-100|95-100|75-98 |15-40 | <30 | NP-4 Rentzel | 6-26 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4, A-4|97-100|95-100|75-98 |15-40 | <30 | NP-4 | 26-80 |Sandy clay loam, |SC, CL, |A-6, A-4, |95-100|90-100|75-98 |36-55 | 20-43 | 4-22 | | fine sandy loam.| SC-SM, | A-7 | | | | | | | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| 0-8 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM |A-4, A-2 |75-100|75-100|45-85 |25-50 | 15-25 | NP-7 Sacul | 8-16 |Sandy loam, fine |SM, ML, |A-2, A-4, |75-100|75-100|40-95 |12-75 | 15-30 | NP-10 | | sandy loam, |SC-SM, | A-1 | | | | | | | | loamy fine sand.| CL-ML | | | | | | | | 16-48 |Clay, silty clay,|CH, CL, SC|A-7 |85-100|85-100|70-100|40-95 | 45-70 | 20-40 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | 48-65 |Silty clay loam, |CL, SC |A-6, A-7, |85-100|85-100|65-100|30-95 | 25-48 | 8-25 | | clay loam, loam,| | A-4, A-2 | | | | | | | | fine sandy loam.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 322 Soil Survey
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------| 0-7 |Loam------|ML, CL, |A-4 |96-100|95-100|85-100|51-75 | 18-30 | NP-10 | | | CL-ML | | | | | | | | 7-22 |Loam, sandy clay |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 |96-100|95-100|85-100|60-85 | 20-40 | 5-20 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 22-33 |Loam, sandy clay |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 |96-100|95-100|85-100|65-90 | 24-40 | 6-22 | | loam, clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 33-80 |Clay loam, clay |CL, CH |A-7-6, A-6|96-100|95-100|85-100|65-95 | 39-65 | 20-45 | | | | | | | | | | Latex------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam |SM, SC-SM,|A-4 |99-100|96-100|90-100|45-75 | 19-30 | 2-9 | | | SC, CL-ML| | | | | | | | 6-20 |Loam, clay loam, |CL-ML, CL |A-4, A-6 |99-100|95-100|90-100|51-80 | 20-40 | 6-25 | | sandy clay loam.| | | | | | | | | 20-61 |Loam, clay loam, |CL-ML, CL,|A-4, A-6 |75-100|64-98 |62-95 |41-80 | 20-40 | 6-25 | | sandy clay loam.| SC, SC-SM| | | | | | | | 61-80 |Clay, silty clay,|CH, CL |A-7-6 |99-100|95-100|90-100|75-98 | 41-70 | 20-43 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TaE------| 0-4 |Loamy fine sand |SM |A-2-4, A-4|95-100|95-100|70-95 |15-40 | 16-20 | NP-3 Tenaha | 4-23 |Loamy fine sand, |SM |A-2-4, A-4|95-100|78-100|70-95 |15-40 | 16-20 | NP-3 | | fine sand. | | | | | | | | | 23-58 |Fine sandy loam, |SC, CL |A-6, A-4, |95-100|95-100|80-100|36-66 | 25-46 | 8-26 | | sandy clay loam,| | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | clay loam, loam.| | | | | | | | | 58-80 |Stratified fine |SC, CL |A-6, A-7, |89-100|85-100|80-100|28-84 | 25-45 | 11-26 | | sandy loam to | | A-2-6 | | | | | | | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Te------| 0-16 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 56-102| 33-64 Texark | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | 16-56 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 60-96 | 40-62 | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | 56-80 |Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 60-96 | 40-62 | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tf------| 0-13 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 56-102| 33-64 Texark | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | 13-52 |Clay------|CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 60-96 | 40-62 | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | 52-80 |Clay, silty clay |CH |A-7-6, | 100 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 60-96 | 40-62 | | | | A-7-5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ToC------| 0-6 |Fine sand------|SP-SM |A-3, A-2 | 100 |97-100|90-100| 6-12 | <25 | NP-3 Tonkawa | 6-82 |Fine sand, sand |SP-SM |A-3, A-2 | 100 |95-100|90-100| 6-12 | <25 | NP-3 | | | | | | | | | | TrE------| 0-4 |Fine sandy loam |SC, CL-ML,|A-2-4, A-4|90-100|90-100|85-95 |25-55 | 20-30 | 4-10 Trawick | | | CL, SC-SM| | | | | | | | 4-39 |Clay, clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 |90-100|75-98 |70-85 |51-75 | 41-60 | 18-30 | 39-43 |Weathered bedrock| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | TwC------| 0-10 |Gravelly sandy |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4|70-80 |65-80 |60-70 |20-40 | 20-30 | 2-7 Trawick | | clay loam, | | | | | | | | | | gravelly fine | | | | | | | | | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | 10-38 |Clay, clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 |90-100|75-98 |70-85 |51-75 | 41-60 | 18-30 | 38-48 |Weathered bedrock| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | TwE------| 0-4 |Gravelly fine |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4|70-80 |65-80 |60-70 |20-40 | 20-30 | 2-7 Trawick | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | 4-38 |Clay, clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 |90-100|75-98 |70-85 |51-75 | 41-60 | 18-30 | 38-56 |Weathered bedrock| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 323
Table 14.--Engineering Index Properties--Continued ______| | |______Classification | Percentage passing | | Soil name and | Depth | USDA texture | | |______sieve number-- |Liquid | Plas- map symbol | | | Unified | AASHTO | | | | | limit | ticity ______| | | | | 4 | 10 | 40 | 200 | | index | __In | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | TxG*: | | | | | | | | | | Trawick------| 0-4 |Gravelly fine |SM, SC-SM |A-2-4, A-4|70-80 |65-80 |60-70 |20-40 | 20-30 | 2-7 | | sandy loam. | | | | | | | | | 4-38 |Clay, clay loam |CL, CH |A-7 |90-100|75-98 |70-85 |51-75 | 41-60 | 18-30 | 38-60 |Weathered bedrock| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | Bub------| 0-6 |Fine sandy loam |GC, SC, CL|A-2, A-6, | 2-5 |35-95 |30-80 |30-65 | 25-40 | 8-18 | | | | A-4 | | | | | | | 6-19 |Clay, gravelly |CH, GC, |A-7 |50-85 |50-85 |45-85 |36-75 | 41-60 | 20-35 | | clay. | CL, SC | | | | | | | | 19-30 |Weathered bedrock| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | WnB------| 0-12 |Fine sandy loam |SM, ML, |A-4 |98-100|98-100|70-85 |40-65 | <23 | NP-7 Woden | | | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | 12-80 |Fine sandy loam, |SM, ML, |A-4 |98-100|98-100|70-85 |40-65 | <23 | NP-7 | | loam. | CL-ML, | | | | | | | | | | SC-SM | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoB------| 0-5 |Very fine sandy |CL, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6 |95-100|90-100|75-100|40-75 | 20-33 | 3-13 Woodtell | | loam. | CL-ML, ML| | | | | | | | 5-25 |Clay, sandy clay,|CL, CH |A-7-6 | 100 |90-100|80-100|60-98 | 40-75 | 25-46 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | 25-56 |Sandy clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6| 100 |80-100|75-100|51-98 | 35-65 | 15-45 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 56-80 |Stratified sandy |CL, CH, SC|A-6, |85-100|80-100|60-100|36-95 | 32-76 | 13-45 | | clay loam to | | A-7-5, | | | | | | | | clay. | | A-7-6 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoE------| 0-6 |Very fine sandy |CL, SC-SM,|A-4, A-6 |95-100|90-100|75-100|40-75 | 20-33 | 3-13 Woodtell | | loam. | CL-ML, ML| | | | | | | | 6-29 |Clay, sandy clay,|CL, CH |A-7-6 | 100 |90-100|80-100|60-98 | 40-75 | 25-46 | | clay loam. | | | | | | | | | 29-48 |Sandy clay, |CL, CH |A-6, A-7-6| 100 |80-100|75-100|51-98 | 35-65 | 15-45 | | clay loam, clay.| | | | | | | | | 48-80 |Stratified sandy |CL, CH, SC|A-6, |85-100|80-100|60-100|36-95 | 32-76 | 13-45 | | clay loam to | | A-7-5, | | | | | | | | clay. | | A-7-6 | | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. 324 Soil Survey
Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils
(The symbol < means less than. Entries under "Erosion factors--T" apply to the entire profile. Entries under "Wind erodibility group" and "Organic matter" apply only to the surface layer. Absence of an entry indicates that data were not available or were not estimated.)
______| | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind | Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- |______factors|erodi-|Organic map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell | | |bility| matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K | T |group | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH |mmhos/cm|______| | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------| 0-9 | 5-15|1.40-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Alazan | 9-80|18-25|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------| 0-12| 5-15|1.40-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 3 | .5-2 |12-80|18-25|1.45-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 0-5 | 4-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| 5 | 3 | .5-2 | 5-28| 4-17|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | |28-83|14-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AfB------| 0-4 |15-25|1.30-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|5.6-7.3 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| 5 | 5 | .5-1 Alto | 4-16|25-35|1.35-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.17|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |16-32|27-45|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |32-56|25-35|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |56-74|15-40|1.50-1.70| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.14|5.6-7.8 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnA*------| 0-8 | 5-18|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|5.1-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 3 | .1-2 Annona | 8-34|40-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |34-89|35-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnB------| 0-10| 5-18|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|5.1-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 3 | .1-2 Annona |10-38|40-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |38-82|35-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AtB------| 0-16| 8-20|1.30-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|5.1-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 3 | <1 Attoyac |16-80|18-25|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|5.1-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuB------| 0-12| 5-15|1.25-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|5.1-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Austonio |12-19| 5-15|1.25-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |19-42|18-30|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |42-68| 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |68-80| 3-15|1.45-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.12|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuD------| 0-4 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|5.1-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Austonio | 4-11| 5-15|1.25-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |11-52|18-30|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |52-72| 5-18|1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |72-80| 3-15|1.45-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.12|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaB------| 0-5 | 3-15|1.30-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Bernaldo | 5-15| 3-15|1.30-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | |15-49|18-30|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |49-84|10-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BbA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Bernaldo------| 0-5 | 3-15|1.30-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 3 | .5-2 | 5-18| 3-15|1.30-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | |18-41|18-30|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |41-80|10-30|1.45-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 0-7 | 4-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| 5 | 3 | .5-2 | 7-27| 4-17|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | |27-44|14-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |44-80|10-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 325
Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind | Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- | ______factors|erodi-|Organic map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell | | |bility| matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K | T |group | | In__ | Pct__ | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH |mmhos/cm|______| | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | BeA------| 0-10| 4-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Besner |10-18| 4-17|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | |18-30|14-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |30-80|10-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BtC------| 0-10| 2-10|1.20-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.17| 5 | 2 | .5-2 Betis |10-40| 2-10|1.20-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.17| | | |40-83| 5-15|1.20-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.08-0.11|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.17| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BwB------| 0-13| 3-15|1.40-1.69| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| 5 | 3 | .5-1 Bowie |13-38|18-30|1.60-1.69| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | |38-72|18-35|1.60-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | |72-93|25-40|1.65-1.80| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.16|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ChA------| 0-12|15-30|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20|5.6-7.3 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-3 Chireno |12-80|35-42|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.16|6.1-7.8 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtE------| 0-9 | 2-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.09-0.12|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 3 | 3 | .5-2 Cuthbert | 9-23|35-60|1.24-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |23-35|20-50|1.35-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |35-62|20-45|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.14|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtG------| 0-9 | 2-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.09-0.12|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 3 | 3 | .5-2 Cuthbert | 9-28|35-60|1.24-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |28-60|20-45|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.14|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CuE------| 0-5 | 2-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.11|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| 3 | 8 | .5-2 Cuthbert | 5-35|35-60|1.24-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |35-60|20-45|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.6 |0.08-0.14|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DaC------| 0-12| 3-15|1.35-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.17| 5 | 2 | .5-1 Darco |12-47| 3-15|1.60-1.85| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.17| | | |47-68|12-35|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | |68-82|12-35|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DaE------| 0-12| 3-15|1.35-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.17| 5 | 2 | .5-1 Darco |12-49| 3-15|1.60-1.85| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.17| | | |49-80|12-35|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaA------| 0-6 |40-60|1.25-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-7.8 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-3 Eastham | 6-56|45-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.1-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |56-80|40-60|1.35-1.55| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaB------| 0-4 |40-60|1.25-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-7.8 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-3 Eastham | 4-40|45-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.1-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |40-88|40-60|1.35-1.55| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ErB------| 0-12| 2-15|1.25-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|3.6-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Elrose |12-42|25-35|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.17|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |42-80| 9-55|1.35-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB------| 0-4 |10-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |Low------|0.43| 4 | 5 | .3-2 Etoile | 4-9 |40-60|1.35-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |High------|0.32| | | | 9-39|40-60|1.35-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |High------|0.32| | | |39-47|40-60|1.35-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-0 |High------|0.32| 4 | 5 | .3-2 |47-80|40-60|1.35-1.60| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FrB------| 0-11| 5-15|1.35-1.56| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|5.1-7.3 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Freestone |11-40|20-35|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.17|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |40-81|30-50|1.29-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 326 Soil Survey
Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind | Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- |______factors|erodi-|Organic map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell | | |bility| matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K | T |group | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH |mmhos/cm|______| | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Freestone------| 0-21| 5-15|1.35-1.56| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.15|5.1-7.3 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| 5 | 3 | .5-2 |21-32|20-35|1.35-1.55| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.17|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |32-85|30-50|1.29-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Derly------| 0-12| 8-20|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 5 | .5-2 |12-23|30-45|1.35-1.55|0.06-0.2 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.37| | | |23-64|35-50|1.25-1.50| <0.06 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | |64-80|20-45|1.30-1.55| <0.06 |0.13-0.18|5.1-7.3 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuA------| 0-4 | 3-15|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| 3 | 3 | 1-3 Fuller | 4-26| 3-15|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.17|3.6-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| | | |26-44|18-35|1.30-1.55| <0.06 |0.11-0.20|6.1-8.4 | 1-4 |High------|0.37| | | |44-66|20-50|1.20-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.20|6.1-8.4 | 1-4 |High------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FuB------| 0-7 | 3-15|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| 3 | 3 | 1-3 Fuller | 7-27| 3-15|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.17|3.6-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| | | |27-51|18-35|1.30-1.55| <0.06 |0.11-0.20|6.1-8.4 | 1-4 |High------|0.37| | | |51-65|20-50|1.20-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.20|6.1-8.4 | 1-4 |High------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA------| 0-7 |40-55|1.20-1.45|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.17|5.6-7.8 | 0-0 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-4 Garner | 7-45|50-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|5.6-7.3 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | |45-80|50-60|1.30-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|5.6-8.4 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB------| 0-12| 1-4 |1.35-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.07|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.17| 5 | 1 | <2 Grapeland |12-80| 6-12|1.35-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.12|3.6-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| 0-14| 1-4 |1.50-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.07|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.17| 5 | 1 | <2 Hainesville |14-80| 2-10|1.50-1.70| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.10|3.6-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HbC------| 0-6 |35-45|1.25-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|7.4-8.4 | 0-0 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-3 Hallsbluff | 6-17|45-60|1.30-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|7.4-8.4 | 0-0 |High------|0.32| | | |17-29|45-60|1.30-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|7.4-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |29-80|45-65|1.35-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|7.9-8.4 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hc------| 0-23|10-20|1.30-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Hannahatchee |23-39|18-28|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-7.3 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | .5-1 |39-76|18-35|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.17|4.5-7.3 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | .5-1 | | | | | | | | | | | | HeA------| 0-8 | 6-15|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.43| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Herty | 8-18|35-45|1.40-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.5 | 0-4 |High------|0.37| | | |18-47|40-70|1.20-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|3.6-6.0 | 2-8 |High------|0.37| | | |47-80|35-70|1.15-1.35| <0.06 |0.10-0.16|3.6-6.5 | 4-8 |High------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeB------| 0-10| 6-15|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.43| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Herty |10-24|35-45|1.40-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.5 | 0-4 |High------|0.37| | | |24-45|40-70|1.20-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 | 2-8 |High------|0.37| | | |45-80|35-70|1.15-1.35| <0.06 |0.10-0.16|4.5-5.5 | 4-8 |High------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Iu------| 0-7 | 6-15|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 5 | .5-2 Iulus | 7-27| 6-20|1.26-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |27-82|10-28|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ka------| 0-3 |50-86|1.20-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | <2 |Very high |0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-4 Kaufman | 3-62|60-86|1.25-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | <2 |Very high |0.32| | | |62-90|60-86|1.25-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | <2 |Very high |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kb------| 0-7 |50-86|1.20-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | 0-2 |Very high |0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-4 Kaufman | 7-62|60-86|1.25-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | 0-2 |Very high |0.32| | | |62-80|60-86|1.25-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.6-8.4 | 0-2 |Very high |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 327
Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind | Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- |______factors|erodi-|Organic map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell | | |bility| matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K | T |group | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH |mmhos/cm|______| | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | KcE------| 0-3 | 8-12|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| 5 | 3 | 1-4 Kellison | 3-7 | 8-12|1.20-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| | | | 7-22|45-60|1.35-1.55| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|3.6-5.5 | 0-4 |High------|0.37| | | |22-47|45-70|1.40-1.60| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|3.6-5.5 | 2-8 |High------|0.37| | | |47-65|35-70|1.45-1.65| <0.06 |0.08-0.12|4.5-7.3 | 2-8 |High------|0.37| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeB------| 0-6 | 4-8 |1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.18|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.37| 4 | 3 | .5-2 Keltys | 6-18| 4-8 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.18|5.1-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |18-57| 8-18|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.18|4.5-5.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |57-80|25-45|1.50-1.70| <0.06 |0.06-0.10|3.6-5.5 | 0-4 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeD------| 0-8 | 4-8 |1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.18|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.37| 4 | 3 | .5-2 Keltys | 8-17| 4-8 |1.35-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.18|5.1-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |17-53| 8-18|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.11-0.18|4.5-5.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |53-80|25-45|1.50-1.70| <0.06 |0.06-0.10|3.6-5.5 | 0-4 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KfC------| 0-11| 2-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.09-0.12|5.1-7.3 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 4 | 3 | .5-2 Kirvin |11-46|35-60|1.24-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.15|3.6-5.6 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |46-56|25-50|1.35-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.15|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |56-74|20-45|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KgC------| 0-11| 2-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.11|5.1-7.3 | <2 |Low------|0.20| 4 | 8 | .5-2 Kirvin |11-38|35-60|1.24-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.15|3.6-5.6 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |38-48|25-50|1.35-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.15|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |48-60|20-45|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KhC------| 0-4 |20-40|1.20-1.40| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.15|4.5-7.3 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| 4 | 4 | .5-1 Kirvin | 4-36|35-60|1.30-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.15|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |36-45|25-50|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.11-0.15|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |45-70|20-45|1.40-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.14|3.6-5.0 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ko------| 0-15|20-35|1.25-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|6.1-7.8 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| 5 | 5 | 1-3 Kosse |15-44|20-35|1.30-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|6.1-7.8 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |44-80|14-24|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp------| 0-9 | 6-17|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|3.6-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| 5 | 6 | .5-1 Koury | 9-54| 8-18|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|3.6-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| | | |54-80| 6-35|1.45-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.20|3.6-6.0 | 1-4 |Low------|0.49| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB------| 0-6 | 3-10|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.16|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.28| 4 | 3 | .5-2 Kurth | 6-20| 3-10|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|5.1-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.28| | | |20-28|18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|5.1-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |28-40|25-35|1.50-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|5.1-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |40-80|15-30|1.60-1.70|0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuD------| 0-6 | 3-10|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.16|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.28| 4 | 3 | .5-2 Kurth | 6-22| 3-10|1.40-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|5.1-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.28| | | |22-29|18-30|1.50-1.70| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|5.1-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |29-40|25-35|1.50-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|5.1-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |40-80|15-30|1.60-1.70|0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaA------| 0-4 |30-40|1.30-1.40|0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.20|5.1-6.0 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | .1-1 LaCerda | 4-47|60-70|1.40-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |47-80|60-70|1.45-1.55| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaB------| 0-4 |30-40|1.30-1.40|0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.20|5.1-6.0 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | .1-1 LaCerda | 4-49|60-70|1.40-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |49-80|35-70|1.45-1.55| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 328 Soil Survey
Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind | Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- |______factors|erodi-|Organic map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell | | |bility| matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K | T |group | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH |mmhos/cm|______| | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | LaE------| 0-3 |30-40|1.30-1.40|0.06-0.2 |0.14-0.20|5.1-6.0 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | .1-1 LaCerda | 3-43|60-70|1.40-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |43-80|35-70|1.45-1.55| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|6.6-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lc------| 0-12|10-26|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.16|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 5 | 1-3 Laneville |12-34|18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|4.5-5.5 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |34-87|35-45|1.40-1.55|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB------| 0-4 | 2-18|1.28-1.45| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Latex | 4-35|18-35|1.28-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |35-80|35-55|1.30-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.0 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LtC------| 0-5 | 3-15|1.50-1.60| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 2 | .5-2 Lilbert | 5-27| 3-15|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | |27-38|18-30|1.55-1.69| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.24| | | |38-80|18-38|1.60-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC------| 0-11| 2-8 |1.35-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 2 | .5-2 Lovelady |11-26| 2-8 |1.35-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | |26-62|18-30|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | |62-76|18-40|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.13-0.17|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |76-80|15-40|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.13-0.17|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvD------| 0-4 | 2-8 |1.35-1.50| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 2 | .5-2 Lovelady | 4-24| 2-8 |1.35-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | |24-41|18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | |41-67|18-40|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.13-0.17|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |67-81|15-40|1.35-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.13-0.17|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MoA------| 0-10|16-20|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 5 | .5-1 Mollville |10-63|20-35|1.50-1.69|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.17|4.5-6.0 | <4 |Moderate |0.32| | | |63-84|15-35|1.50-1.69|0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.20|5.1-7.8 | <4 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Mollville------| 0-14|16-20|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.20|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 5 | .5-1 |14-44|20-35|1.50-1.69|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.17|4.5-6.0 | <4 |Moderate |0.32| | | |44-52|15-35|1.50-1.69|0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.20|4.5-6.0 | <4 |Moderate |0.32| | | |52-80| 3-12|1.50-1.65|2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.11|5.1-7.8 | <4 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| 0-5 | 4-15|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| 5 | 3 | .5-2 | 5-36| 4-17|1.20-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | |36-61|14-18|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |61-80|10-25|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsB------| 0-6 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| 5 | 5 | .5-1 Moswell | 6-17|60-70|1.20-1.40| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.5 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |17-46|60-70|1.20-1.40| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.0 | 2-8 |High------|0.32| | | |46-80|35-75|1.20-1.40| <0.06 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | 2-8 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MsE------| 0-6 | 5-15|1.25-1.40| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.49| 5 | 5 | .5-1 Moswell | 6-22|60-70|1.20-1.40| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.5 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |22-47|60-70|1.20-1.40| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.0 | 2-8 |High------|0.32| | | |47-80|35-75|1.20-1.40| <0.06 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | 2-8 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Moten------| 0-4 | 6-12|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 3 | 1-3 | 4-23| 6-12|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| | | |23-38|12-18|1.40-1.65| 0.2-0.6 |0.13-0.20|4.5-7.3 | 1-4 |Low------|0.37| | | |38-64|15-35|1.30-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 1-4 |Low------|0.32| | | |64-80|15-40|1.30-1.60|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.20|6.1-7.8 | 1-4 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 329
Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind | Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- |______factors|erodi-|Organic map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell | | |bility| matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K | T |group | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH |mmhos/cm|______| | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Multey------| 0-5 | 4-10|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| 5 | 3 | 1-3 | 5-22| 4-10|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-5.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |22-39|10-18|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.17|4.5-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| | | |39-57|12-25|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.17|4.5-6.0 | 0-4 |Low------|0.28| | | |57-80| 8-35|1.40-1.65| 0.6-6.0 |0.10-0.17|4.5-8.4 | 1-4 |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | NaG------| 0-3 |30-40|1.30-1.40|0.06-0.2 | 0.1-0.18|5.1-7.3 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| 4 | 4 | .5-2 Naclina | 3-41|40-60|1.40-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|5.1-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | |41-80|40-60|1.40-1.55| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|7.4-8.4 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nc------| 0-8 | 6-12|1.20-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.24| 5 | 3 | 4-15 Naconiche | 8-25| 2-12|1.20-1.45| 2.0-6.0 |0.08-0.15|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | |25-80| 2-12|1.20-1.55| 2.0-6.0 |0.07-0.15|3.6-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nh------| 0-9 |18-35|1.10-1.30| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.20|5.6-7.8 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.28| 5 | 6 | 1-3 Nahatche | 9-54|18-35|1.20-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.20|5.6-7.8 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.28| | | |54-80|18-35|1.30-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|5.6-7.8 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------| 0-5 |30-40|1.20-1.40|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.0 | 0-8 |High------|0.32| 5 | 5 | 1-4 | 5-63|35-60|1.25-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.16|3.6-7.8 | 0-16 |High------|0.32| | | |63-80|35-60|1.25-1.50| <0.06 |0.12-0.16|3.6-7.8 | 2-16 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------| 0-18|20-40|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.20|3.6-5.5 | <4 |Moderate |0.49| 5 | 7 | <2 |18-30|20-35|1.35-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.5 | <8 |Moderate |0.49| | | |30-80|27-45|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | 4-16 |Moderate |0.49| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PeB------| 0-4 | 8-15|1.30-1.45| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 4 | 5 | .5-2 Penning | 4-19| 8-15|1.30-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.37| | | |19-38|18-25|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.17|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.32| | | |38-56|18-26|1.40-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.17|4.5-6.5 | 0-4 |Moderate |0.32| | | |56-70|30-50|1.40-1.69| <0.06 |0.08-0.12|4.5-7.3 | 2-8 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PnA------| 0-4 |20-35|1.40-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.15-0.18|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 6 | .1-1 Percilla | 4-83|35-50|1.50-1.60| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po------| 0-16|15-26|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.20|3.6-6.0 | <4 |Moderate |0.32| 5 | 6 | <2 Pophers |16-30|20-35|1.35-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.12-0.18|3.6-5.5 | <8 |Moderate |0.49| | | |30-82|27-45|1.40-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.10-0.15|3.6-5.5 | 4-16 |Moderate |0.49| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PsA------| 0-16|10-18|1.25-1.35| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 0-0 |Low------|0.28| 5 | 5 | 1-3 Portersprings |16-42|20-35|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.8 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |42-72| 8-15|1.35-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.16|5.6-7.8 | 0-0 |Low------|0.28| | | |72-87| 1-7 |1.40-1.65| 2.0-6.0 |0.06-0.10|5.6-7.8 | 0-0 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RnB------| 0-6 | 5-10|1.25-1.35| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.17| 5 | 2 | .1-2 Rentzel | 6-26| 5-10|1.30-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.17| | | |26-80|15-35|1.40-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.1 |3.6-5.5 | <2 |Low------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| 0-8 | 5-20|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.09-0.12|4.5-6.0 | --- |Low------|0.28| 5 | 3 | 1-3 Sacul | 8-16| 2-25|1.40-1.60| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.17|4.5-6.0 | --- |Low------|0.28| | | |16-48|35-60|1.25-1.40|0.06-0.2 |0.15-0.18|3.6-6.5 | --- |High------|0.32| | | |48-85|15-40|1.30-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.14-0.18|3.6-6.0 | --- |Low------|0.28| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------| 0-7 | 6-18|1.35-1.50| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 5 | .5-2 | 7-22|25-35|1.35-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-0 |Low------|0.37| | | |22-33|20-35|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-6.0 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |33-80|35-50|1.20-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|3.6-5.5 | 0-0 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 330 Soil Survey
Table 15.--Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soils--Continued ______| | | | | | | | | Erosion|Wind | Soil name and |Depth|Clay | Moist | Permea- |Available| Soil |Salinity| Shrink- |______factors|erodi-|Organic map symbol | | | bulk | bility | water |reaction| | swell | | |bility| matter ______| | | density | |capacity | | |potential | K | T |group | | __In | ___Pct | ____g/cc | _____In/hr | _____In/in | __pH |mmhos/cm|______| | | | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex------| 0-6 | 2-18|1.28-1.45| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|4.5-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.37| 5 | 3 | .5-2 | 6-20|18-35|1.28-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.18|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |20-61|18-35|1.30-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.13-0.18|4.5-5.5 | <2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |61-80|35-55|1.30-1.65|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.0 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TaE------| 0-4 | 3-15|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.17| 3 | 2 | .5-1 Tenaha | 4-23| 3-15|1.50-1.65| 6.0-20 |0.05-0.10|5.1-6.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | |23-58|18-35|1.50-1.65| 0.6-2.0 |0.10-0.15|4.5-5.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | |58-80|18-40|1.60-1.75| 0.2-0.6 |0.08-0.14|4.5-5.5 | 0-0 |Low------|0.24| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Te------| 0-16|45-75|1.30-1.40| <0.06 |0.15-0.18|6.1-7.8 | 0-2 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-4 Texark |16-56|60-80|1.35-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | |56-80|50-80|1.35-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-8.4 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tf------| 0-13|45-75|1.30-1.40| <0.06 |0.15-0.18|6.1-7.8 | <2 |High------|0.32| 5 | 4 | 1-4 Texark |13-52|60-80|1.35-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-7.3 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | |52-80|50-80|1.35-1.45| <0.06 |0.12-0.18|4.5-8.4 | 0-4 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ToC------| 0-6 | 2-8 |1.30-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.07|3.6-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.15| 5 | 1 | <2 Tonkawa | 6-82| 2-8 |1.30-1.55| 6.0-20 |0.04-0.07|3.6-6.0 | <2 |Low------|0.15| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TrE------| 0-4 |10-20|1.25-1.45| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|5.6-7.3 | 0-0 |Low------|0.32| 2 | 3 | .5-2 Trawick | 4-39|35-50|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.17|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |39-43| --- | --- | 0.2-2.0 | --- |4.5-6.0 | --- |------|----| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TwC------| 0-10|10-35|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.15|5.6-7.3 | 0-0 |Low------|0.20| 2 | 8 | .5-2 Trawick |10-38|35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.17|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |38-48| --- | --- | 0.2-2.0 | --- |4.5-6.0 | --- |------|----| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TwE------| 0-4 |10-20|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.15|5.6-7.3 | 0-0 |Low------|0.20| 2 | 8 | .5-2 Trawick | 4-38|35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.17|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |38-56| --- | --- | 0.2-2.0 | --- |4.5-6.0 | --- |------|----| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TxG*: | | | | | | | | | | | | Trawick------| 0-4 |10-20|1.30-1.50| 0.6-2.0 |0.07-0.15|5.6-7.3 | 0-0 |Low------|0.20| 2 | 8 | .5-2 | 4-38|35-55|1.30-1.50| 0.2-0.6 |0.10-0.17|5.1-7.3 | 0-0 |Moderate |0.32| | | |38-60| --- | --- | 0.2-2.0 | --- |4.5-6.0 | --- |------|----| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Bub------| 0-6 |27-40|1.25-1.45| 0.2-0.6 |0.07-0.15|5.6-6.5 | 0-2 |Low------|0.20| 1 | 8 | .5-2 | 6-19|40-55|1.40-1.60| 0.2-0.6 |0.06-0.11|4.5-6.5 | 0-2 |Moderate |0.32| | | |19-30| --- | --- |0.00-0.06| --- |5.6-8.4 | --- |------|----| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WnB------| 0-12| 5-15|1.25-1.40| 2.0-6.0 |0.11-0.16|5.1-7.3 | <2 |Low------|0.20| 5 | 3 | .5-2 Woden |12-80| 8-18|1.35-1.60| 2.0-6.0 |0.12-0.18|5.1-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.20| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoB------| 0-5 | 5-20|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.43| 4 | 3 | 1-2 Woodtell | 5-25|40-60|1.25-1.40| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | |25-56|30-50|1.25-1.50|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.17|4.5-6.0 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | |56-80|30-50|1.25-1.50|0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.14|4.5-7.3 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoE------| 0-6 | 5-20|1.30-1.55| 0.6-2.0 |0.11-0.15|4.5-6.5 | <2 |Low------|0.43| 4 | 3 | 1-2 Woodtell | 6-29|40-60|1.25-1.40| <0.06 |0.12-0.17|4.5-5.5 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | |29-48|30-50|1.25-1.50|0.06-0.2 |0.12-0.17|4.5-6.0 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | |48-80|30-50|1.25-1.50|0.06-0.2 |0.08-0.14|4.5-7.3 | <2 |High------|0.32| | | ______| | | | | | | | | | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. Houston County, Texas 331
Table 16.--Soil and Water Features
("Flooding" and "water table" and terms such as "rare," "brief," "apparent," and "perched" are explained in the text. The symbol > means more than. Absence of an entry indicates that the feature is not a concern or that data were not estimated.)
______| |______Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | Risk of corrosion Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | | | map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |Uncoated |Concrete ______|group | | | | | | | | ness | steel | | | | | | __Ft | | | __In | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AaB------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-3.5|Apparent|Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Alazan | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AbA*: | | | | | | | | | | | Alazan------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-3.5|Apparent|Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| B |None------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Apparent|Jan-Feb| >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | AfB------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.5-4.0|Apparent|Jan-Mar| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Alto | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AnA*, AnB------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Annona | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AtB------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Attoyac | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | AuB, AuD------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Austonio | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BaB------| B |None------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Perched |Nov-Feb| >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Bernaldo | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BbA*: | | | | | | | | | | | Bernaldo------| B |None------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Perched |Nov-Feb| >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| B |None------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Apparent|Jan-Feb| >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | BeA------| B |None------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Apparent|Jan-Feb| >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. Besner | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BtC------| A |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. Betis | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | BwB------| B |None------| --- | --- |3.5-5.0|Perched |Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |Moderate |High. Bowie | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ChA------| D |None------| --- | --- |3.5-5.0|Apparent|Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Chireno | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | CtE, CtG, CuE-----| C |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Cuthbert | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | DaC, DaE------| A |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. Darco | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EaA, EaB------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Eastham | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ErB------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Elrose | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | EtB------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Etoile | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 332 Soil Survey
Table 16.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______| |______Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | Risk of corrosion Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | | | map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |Uncoated |Concrete ______|group | | | | | | | | ness | steel | | | | | | __Ft | | | __In | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FrB------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.0-3.5|Perched |Dec-May| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Freestone | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | FsA*: | | | | | | | | | | | Freestone------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.0-3.5|Perched |Dec-May| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | Derly------| D |None------| --- | --- |+.5-1.0|Perched |Oct-May| >60 | --- |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | | | FuA, FuB------| D |None------| --- | --- |0.5-1.5|Perched |Jan-May| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Fuller | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GaA------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Garner | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | GrB------| A |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. Grapeland | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HaA------| A |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. Hainesville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HbC------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Hallsbluff | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hc------| B |Frequent----|Brief-----|Mar-May| >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Hannahatchee | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | HeA, HeB------| D |None------| --- | --- | 0-1.0|Perched |Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Herty | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Iu------| B |Frequent----|Brief-----|Dec-Apr|1.5-4.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| >60 | --- |Moderate |High. Iulus | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ka------| D |Occasional |Brief-----|Feb-May|1.5-3.5|Apparent|Nov-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Kaufman | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kb------| D |Frequent----|Very brief|Feb-May|1.5-3.5|Apparent|Nov-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Kaufman | | | to brief.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KcE------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Kellison | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KeB, KeD------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Keltys | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KfC, KgC------| C |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Kirvin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KhC------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Kirvin | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ko------| B |Occasional |Brief-----|Oct-May|3.5-6.0|Apparent|Dec-May| >60 | --- |Moderate |Low. Kosse | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kp------| B |Frequent----|Brief-----|Jan-May| >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Koury | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | KuB, KuD------| C |None------| --- | --- |3.5-6.0|Perched |Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Kurth | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LaA, LaB, LaE-----| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. LaCerda | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. Houston County, Texas 333
Table 16.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______| |______Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | Risk of corrosion Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | | | map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |Uncoated |Concrete ______|group | | | | | | | | ness | steel | | | | | | __Ft | | | __In | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lc------| B |Frequent----|Brief-----|Nov-May|1.5-3.0|Perched |Nov-May| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Laneville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LeB------| C |None------| --- | --- |3.0-4.5|Perched |Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |Moderate |High. Latex | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LtC------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |High. Lilbert | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | LvC, LvD------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Lovelady | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MoA------| D |None------| --- | --- |+.5-1.0|Perched |Nov-Mar| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Mollville | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MpA*: | | | | | | | | | | | Mollville------| D |None------| --- | --- |+.5-1.0|Perched |Nov-Mar| >60 | --- |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | | | Besner------| B |None------| --- | --- |4.0-6.0|Apparent|Jan-Feb| >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | MsB, MsE------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Moswell | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | MxA*: | | | | | | | | | | | Moten------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.5-5.0|Perched |Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | Multey------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | NaG------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Naclina | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nc------| D |Frequent----|Long to |Jan-Dec| 0-1.0|Apparent|Jan-Dec| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Naconiche | | | very | | | | | | | | | | | long. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Nh------| C |Frequent----|Very brief|Nov-May|0.5-1.5|Apparent|Nov-May| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Nahatche | | | to brief.| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Oz*: | | | | | | | | | | | Ozias------| D |Frequent----|Long------|Dec-May| 0-1.5|Perched |Dec-May| >60 | --- |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers------| C |Frequent----|Long------|Jan-Jun|1.0-2.0|Apparent|Jan-Jun| >60 | --- |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | | | PeB------| B |None------| --- | --- |1.5-4.0|Perched |Jan-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Penning | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PnA------| D |None------| --- | --- | +1-0.5|Perched |Jan-Mar| >60 | --- |High-----|Moderate. Percilla | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Po------| C |Frequent----|Long------|Jan-Jun|1.0-2.0|Apparent|Jan-Jun| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Pophers | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | PsA------| B |Rare------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |Low. Portersprings | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | RnB------| C |None------| --- | --- |1.5-3.0|Perched |Jan-Mar| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Rentzel | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SaB------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.0-4.0|Perched |Dec-Apr| >60 | --- |High-----|High. Sacul | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnote at end of table. 334 Soil Survey
Table 16.--Soil and Water Features--Continued ______| |______Flooding | High water table | Bedrock | Risk of corrosion Soil name and |Hydro-| | | | | | | | | | map symbol | logic| Frequency | Duration |Months | Depth | Kind |Months |Depth|Hard- |Uncoated |Concrete ______|group | | | | | | | | ness | steel | | | | | | __Ft | | | __In | | | | | | | | | | | | | | SwA*: | | | | | | | | | | | Sawlit------| C |None------| --- | --- |2.0-3.5|Perched |Jan-May| >60 | --- |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | | | Latex------| C |None------| --- | --- |3.0-4.5|Perched |Dec-Apr| >60 | --- |Moderate |High. | | | | | | | | | | | TaE------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Tenaha | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Te------| D |Occasional |Brief-----|Dec-Jun|2.0-3.5|Apparent|Dec-May| >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Texark | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Tf------| D |Frequent----|Long------|Dec-Jun|2.0-3.5|Apparent|Dec-May| >60 | --- |High-----|Low. Texark | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ToC------| A |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Low------|Moderate. Tonkawa | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TrE, TwC, TwE-----| C |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |20-40|Soft |High-----|High. Trawick | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | TxG*: | | | | | | | | | | | Trawick------| C |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |20-40|Soft |High-----|High. | | | | | | | | | | | Bub------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- |12-20|Soft |High-----|Moderate. | | | | | | | | | | | WnB------| B |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |Moderate |Moderate. Woden | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | WoB, WoE------| D |None------| --- | --- | >6.0 | --- | --- | >60 | --- |High-----|High. Woodtell | | | | | | | | | | | ______| | | | | | | | | | |
* See description of the map unit for composition and behavior characteristics of the map unit. Houston County, Texas 335
Table 17.--Physical Analyses of Selected Soils
(Dashes indicate data were not available.)
______| | |______Particle-size distribution | | | | | |______Sand | | | | | Soil name and | Depth |Horizon|Very |Coarse|Medium| Fine | Very |Total | Silt | Clay | COLE | Bulk |Water sample number | | |coarse|(1-0.5|(0.5- | (0.25-| fine | (2- |(0.05-|(<0.002| |density|content | | | (2-1 | mm) | 0.25 | 0.10 |(0.10-| 0.05 | 0.002| mm) | | (1/3 | (1/3 | | | mm) | | mm)| mm)| 0.05 | mm) | mm)| | | bar) | bar) ______| | | | | | | mm) | | | | | | | __In | |------Pct______(wt)------| _____Cm/cm| ____g/cc |Pct______(wt) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio2, 4 | 0-3 |A1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 3.3 | 48.1 | 24.5 | 76.4 | 20.4 | 3.3 | 0.097| 1.38 | 33.3 S89TX-225-001 | 3-10 |A2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3.3 | 47.6 | 26.0 | 77.1 | 19.6 | 3.4 | 0.028| 1.37 | 30.9 | 10-18 |E | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 46.0 | 24.9 | 74.6 | 20.2 | 5.3 | 0.019| 1.39 | 31.0 | 18-24 |Bt1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 34.9 | 17.4 | 55.3 | 17.7 | 27.0 | 0.058| 1.40 | 28.9 | 24-34 |Bt2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 30.5 | 15.3 | 48.3 | 18.4 | 33.3 | 0.067| 1.36 | 36.0 | 34-39 |Bt3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 36.4 | 16.2 | 55.0 | 17.8 | 27.2 | 0.057| 1.39 | 33.4 | 39-50 |Bt4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 46.2 | 16.6 | 65.7 | 15.6 | 18.7 | 0.020| 1.30 | 43.7 | 50-66 |BCt | 0.1 | 0.2 | 3.0 | 59.4 | 17.2 | 79.9 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 0.005| 1.40 | 28.9 | 66-83 |2EB | 0.1 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 83.7 | 10.7 | 97.6 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 0.003| 1.27 | 28.5 | 83-91 |2Bt/Eg1| 0.0 | 0.2 | 2.1 | 44.5 | 32.3 | 79.1 | 8.5 | 12.4 | 0.031| 1.34 | 33.7 | 91-96 |2Bt/Eg2| 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 12.2 | 34.5 | 47.6 | 31.3 | 21.1 | 0.041| 1.41 | 26.8 | 96-102|2BC/E | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Chireno1, 3 | 0-12 |A | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 23.2 | 15.0 | 42.9 | 35.9 | 21.2 | --- | --- | --- S86TX-225-006 | 12-20 |Bt1 | 1.8 | 2.0 | 2.7 | 14.6 | 11.2 | 32.3 | 36.9 | 30.8 | --- | --- | --- | 20-25 |Bt2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 12.8 | 9.6 | 26.7 | 28.9 | 44.4 | --- | --- | --- | 25-41 |Bt3 | 1.2 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 17.0 | 11.4 | 33.2 | 27.5 | 39.3 | --- | --- | --- | 41-60 |Bt4 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 18.5 | 17.8 | 41.6 | 23.4 | 35.0 | --- | --- | --- | 60-83 |Bt5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 3.2 | 26.4 | 18.7 | 48.8 | 23.5 | 27.7 | --- | --- | --- | 83-100|Bt6 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 4.8 | 28.8 | 15.6 | 50.9 | 18.6 | 30.5 | --- | --- | --- |100-112|Bt7 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 8.0 | 21.9 | 17.7 | 52.6 | 18.9 | 28.5 | --- | --- | --- |112-124|2C | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.5 | 2.4 | 69.4 | 72.7 | 16.4 | 10.9 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham2, 3, 9 | 0-4 |Ap | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 7.5 | 10.0 | 18.3 | 34.7 | 47.0 | 0.166| 1.23 | 45.1 S90TX-225-001 | 4-17 |A | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 5.6 | 7.4 | 14.0 | 25.5 | 60.5 | 0.155| 1.28 | 38.8 | 17-27 |Bss1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 4.0 | 6.0 | 10.6 | 26.5 | 62.9 | 0.144| 1.35 | 31.7 | 27-40 |Bss2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 3.6 | 4.9 | 9.2 | 30.0 | 60.8 | 0.158| 1.30 | 36.7 | 40-46 |Bkss1 | 1.1 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 2.0 | 3.1 | 8.9 | 26.3 | 64.8 | 0.144| 1.29 | 37.5 | 46-57 |Bkss2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 2.5 | 5.7 | 27.5 | 66.8 | 0.168| 1.20 | 42.9 | 57-70 |BCkss | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 4.8 | 7.0 | 48.3 | 44.7 | 0.099| 1.38 | 34.0 | 70-88 |BCss | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 55.2 | 40.3 | 0.111| 1.26 | 39.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Elrose1, 3 | 0-5 |Ap | 0.2 | 0.6 | 3.8 | 36.8 | 31.0 | 72.4 | 23.7 | 3.9 | --- | --- | --- S86TX-225-007 | 5-12 |E | --- | 0.4 | 3.2 | 34.1 | 30.9 | 68.6 | 27.5 | 3.9 | --- | --- | --- | 12-20 |Bt1 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 2.2 | 23.9 | 21.8 | 48.5 | 26.4 | 25.1 | --- | --- | --- | 20-42 |Bt2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 18.0 | 20.2 | 40.8 | 18.3 | 40.9 | --- | --- | --- | 42-64 |Bt3 | 0.8 | 0.4 | 1.6 | 22.8 | 17.3 | 42.9 | 15.3 | 41.8 | --- | --- | --- | 64-70 |Bt4 | 9.2 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 44.9 | 13.8 | 78.5 | 11.9 | 9.6 | --- | --- | --- | 70-80 |Bt5 | 1.0 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 33.1 | 14.6 | 49.8 | 7.5 | 42.7 | --- | --- | --- | 80-91 |Bt6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 40.5 | 17.4 | 59.2 | 5.4 | 35.4 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller2, 10 | 0-7 |A | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 17.7 | 24.3 | 45.6 | 46.8 | 7.6 | --- | --- | --- S82TX-225-003 | 7-11 |Eg1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 18.2 | 25.3 | 47.4 | 45.1 | 7.5 | 0.004| 1.56 | 15.5 | 11-21 |Eg2 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.7 | 17.6 | 24.6 | 46.2 | 44.1 | 9.7 | 0.020| 1.49 | 16.1 | 21-29 |Eg3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 17.2 | 23.5 | 44.7 | 43.7 | 11.6 | 0.028| 1.52 | 19.4 | 29-40 |Eg4 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 3.6 | 16.8 | 23.2 | 43.9 | 43.7 | 12.4 | 0.025| 1.55 | 18.6 | 40-50 |Btng/E1| 0.0 | 0.1 | 3.7 | 14.8 | 20.8 | 38.4 | 41.8 | 20.8 | 0.041| 1.56 | 24.8 | 50-58 |Btng/E2| 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 6.9 | 17.3 | 25.6 | 38.3 | 36.1 | 0.066| 1.37 | 33.9 | 58-70 |2C/Bt | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.5 | 13.4 | 17.5 | 38.9 | 43.6 | 0.086| 1.29 | 36.1 | 70-80 |2C | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 8.1 | 9.5 | 38.9 | 51.6 | 0.112| 1.15 | 43.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnotes at end of table. 336 Soil Survey
Table 17.--Physical Analyses of Selected Soils--Continued
______| | |______Particle-size distribution | | | | | |______Sand | | | | | Soil name and | Depth |Horizon|Very |Coarse|Medium| Fine | Very |Total | Silt | Clay | COLE | Bulk |Water sample number | | |coarse|(1-0.5|(0.5- | (0.25-| fine | (2- |(0.05-|(<0.002| |density|content | | | (2-1 | mm) | 0.25 | 0.10 |(0.10-| 0.05 | 0.002| mm) | | (1/3 | (1/3 | | | mm) | | mm)| mm)| 0.05 | mm) | mm)| | | bar) | bar) ______| | | | | | | mm) | | | | | | | __In | |------Pct______(wt)------| _____Cm/cm| ____g/cc |Pct______(wt) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller2, 5 | 0-5 |A1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 5.9 | 16.8 | 12.8 | 35.7 | 53.8 | 10.5 | --- | --- | --- S82TX-225-004 | 5-9 |A2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 6.7 | 18.3 | 13.8 | 39.3 | 49.9 | 10.8 | 0.026| 1.37 | 20.0 | 9-23 |E1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 6.3 | 17.6 | 13.2 | 37.4 | 49.7 | 12.9 | 0.022| 1.60 | 19.1 | 23-31 |E2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 6.0 | 17.3 | 12.7 | 36.2 | 48.1 | 15.7 | 0.042| 1.45 | 22.6 | 31-39 |E3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 6.0 | 17.3 | 13.2 | 36.7 | 48.3 | 15.0 | 0.049| 1.50 | 26.5 | 39-49 |Btng/E | 0.0 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 15.3 | 11.7 | 32.0 | 42.6 | 25.4 | 0.058| 1.41 | 31.4 | 49-59 |2BC1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 6.1 | 7.9 | 15.5 | 41.2 | 43.3 | 0.116| 1.15 | 47.3 | 59-69 |2BC2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 6.7 | 36.3 | 57.0 | 0.114| 1.20 | 38.7 | 69-74 |2C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 5.5 | 13.5 | 19.6 | 32.8 | 47.6 | 0.118| 1.18 | 43.8 | 74-80 |3C | 0.1 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 5.7 | 7.5 | 14.3 | 64.1 | 21.6 | 0.036| 1.34 | 26.5 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Grapeland2, 3 | 0-3 |Ap | 0.0 | 0.4 | 12.6 | 62.1 | 13.2 | 88.3 | 7.9 | 3.8 | --- | --- | --- S90TX-225-005 | 3-12 |A | 0.1 | 0.3 | 12.2 | 63.2 | 13.3 | 89.1 | 7.7 | 3.2 | 0.022| 1.48 | 21.4 | 12-39 |Bt1 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 12.1 | 56.1 | 14.9 | 83.3 | 8.9 | 7.8 | 0.033| 1.35 | 27.4 | 39-52 |Bt2 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 10.5 | 54.5 | 14.5 | 79.7 | 11.8 | 8.5 | 0.035| 1.39 | 30.7 | 52-80 |Bt3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 10.4 | 52.7 | 15.2 | 78.4 | 13.2 | 8.4 | 0.027| 1.45 | 26.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hainesville2, 3 | 0-5 |Ap | 0.2 | 0.2 | 4.1 | 64.5 | 24.9 | 93.9 | 3.9 | 2.2 | --- | --- | --- S90TX-225-004 | 5-14 |A | 0.2 | 0.1 | 3.5 | 60.1 | 27.6 | 91.5 | 5.9 | 2.7 | --- | --- | --- | 14-28 |Bw | 0.1 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 53.7 | 29.8 | 86.4 | 9.3 | 4.3 | --- | --- | --- | 28-45 |Bw/E1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 3.0 | 54.2 | 29.0 | 86.2 | 9.4 | 4.4 | --- | --- | --- | 45-58 |Bw/E2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 52.0 | 31.6 | 86.0 | 9.9 | 4.1 | --- | --- | --- | 58-70 |Bw/E3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.8 | 50.7 | 31.9 | 85.5 | 10.6 | 3.9 | --- | --- | --- | 70-88 |B&E | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 44.8 | 35.2 | 81.7 | 11.5 | 6.8 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | Hallsbluff2, 3 | 0-6 |Ap | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 5.5 | 12.8 | 20.1 | 41.8 | 38.1 | 0.081| 1.45 | 26.9 S90TX-225-003 | 6-17 |A | 0.1 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 4.6 | 11.6 | 17.5 | 41.9 | 40.6 | 0.096| 1.39 | 29.4 | 17-29 |Bss | 0.1 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 4.0 | 9.5 | 14.6 | 40.7 | 44.7 | 0.097| 1.43 | 29.3 | 29-40 |Bkss1 | 2.3 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 10.8 | 38.0 | 51.2 | 0.106| 1.42 | 29.5 | 40-52 |Bkss2 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.3 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 5.1 | 29.4 | 65.6 | 0.126| 1.38 | 32.5 | 52-80 |BCss | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 26.0 | 72.9 | 0.133| 1.37 | 32.3 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys2, 3 | 0-6 |A | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 43.1 | 11.4 | 55.7 | 40.9 | 3.4 | --- | --- | --- S84TX-225-003 | 6-11 |E1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.2 | 39.6 | 16.0 | 56.9 | 39.1 | 4.0 | --- | --- | --- | 11-18 |E2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 28.3 | 28.0 | 57.5 | 38.4 | 4.1 | --- | --- | --- | 18-25 |Bt/E | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 30.0 | 24.8 | 55.9 | 36.2 | 7.9 | --- | --- | --- | 25-33 |E/Bt1 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 28.5 | 24.3 | 54.0 | 38.6 | 7.4 | --- | --- | --- | 33-50 |E/Bt2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 28.5 | 20.5 | 50.1 | 35.7 | 14.2 | --- | --- | --- | 50-57 |Bt/E | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 19.9 | 17.8 | 38.4 | 34.3 | 27.3 | --- | --- | --- | 57-63 |C/Bt | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 9.1 | 16.6 | 26.1 | 35.9 | 38.0 | --- | --- | --- | 63-80 |2C | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 10.3 | 16.7 | 28.8 | 32.7 | 38.6 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex2, 3 | 0-4 |A | 1.0 | 0.7 | 3.1 | 18.6 | 18.8 | 42.2 | 48.0 | 9.8 | 0.069| 1.13 | 30.9 S82TX-225-002 | 4-15 |Bt1 | 3.6 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 15.9 | 17.6 | 42.1 | 33.4 | 24.5 | 0.055| 1.50 | 25.7 | 15-28 |Bt2 | 3.4 | 3.1 | 3.7 | 15.1 | 15.9 | 41.2 | 29.7 | 29.1 | 0.029| 1.67 | 22.5 | 28-35 |Bt3 | 2.7 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 13.5 | 15.5 | 37.3 | 27.9 | 34.8 | 0.065| 1.49 | 27.0 | 35-43 |2Bt/E1 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 12.4 | 13.6 | 34.5 | 23.1 | 42.4 | 0.065| 1.50 | 27.6 | 43-56 |2Bt/E2 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 11.8 | 12.5 | 31.9 | 23.8 | 44.3 | 0.075| 1.41 | 28.3 | 56-71 |2Bt/E3 | 3.4 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 10.5 | 12.3 | 30.8 | 25.0 | 44.2 | 0.074| 1.42 | 28.7 | 71-80 |2B't | 3.1 | 1.3 | 1.6 | 6.9 | 9.6 | 22.5 | 24.5 | 53.0 | 0.120| 1.36 | 33.4 | | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnotes at end of table. Houston County, Texas 337
Table 17.--Physical Analyses of Selected Soils--Continued
______| | |______Particle-size distribution | | | | | |______Sand | | | | | Soil name and | Depth |Horizon|Very |Coarse|Medium| Fine | Very |Total | Silt | Clay | COLE | Bulk |Water sample number | | |coarse|(1-0.5|(0.5- | (0.25-| fine | (2- |(0.05-|(<0.002| |density|content | | | (2-1 | mm) | 0.25 | 0.10 |(0.10-| 0.05 | 0.002| mm) | | (1/3 | (1/3 | | | mm) | | mm)| mm)| 0.05 | mm) | mm)| | | bar) | bar) ______| | | | | | | mm) | | | | | | | __In | |------Pct______(wt)------| _____Cm/cm| ____g/cc |Pct______(wt) | | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex1, 6 | 0-4 |Ap1 | 2.0 | 0.7 | 4.2 | 46.2 | 21.2 | 74.3 | 20.1 | 5.6 | --- | --- | --- S86TX-225-005 | 4-9 |Ap2 | 0.6 | 0.9 | 4.3 | 48.5 | 21.7 | 76.0 | 20.2 | 3.8 | --- | --- | --- | 9-20 |Bt1 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 29.8 | 20.1 | 55.7 | 19.8 | 24.5 | --- | --- | --- | 20-31 |Bt2 | 3.7 | 1.9 | 2.7 | 26.1 | 12.9 | 47.3 | 17.6 | 35.1 | --- | --- | --- | 31-39 |Bt3 | 2.2 | 1.2 | 2.5 | 26.1 | 12.1 | 44.1 | 18.6 | 37.3 | --- | --- | --- | 39-52 |Btv | 1.2 | 0.7 | 1.9 | 25.5 | 15.3 | 44.6 | 21.3 | 34.1 | --- | --- | --- | 52-68 |Bt/E1 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 2.7 | 32.1 | 12.2 | 50.2 | 20.0 | 29.8 | --- | --- | --- | 68-87 |Bt/E2 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 34.8 | 11.2 | 50.0 | 19.5 | 30.5 | --- | --- | --- | 87-106|2Bt | 0.2 | 0.2 | 1.7 | 25.0 | 11.7 | 38.8 | 25.6 | 35.6 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lovelady2, 3 | 0-4 |A1 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 26.9 | 45.0 | 11.7 | 85.0 | 12.8 | 2.2 | --- | --- | --- S92TX-225-001 | 4-11 |A2 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 28.4 | 41.9 | 11.6 | 83.3 | 14.2 | 2.5 | --- | --- | --- | 11-26 |E | 0.1 | 0.7 | 23.1 | 43.0 | 12.8 | 79.7 | 16.7 | 3.6 | --- | --- | --- | 26-42 |Bt/E1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 23.0 | 34.5 | 8.8 | 67.3 | 12.5 | 20.2 | --- | --- | --- | 42-50 |Bt/E2 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 24.8 | 37.1 | 8.2 | 71.2 | 11.0 | 17.8 | --- | --- | --- | 50-62 |2Bt/E | 0.0 | 0.9 | 29.3 | 35.7 | 4.9 | 70.8 | 8.7 | 21.7 | --- | --- | --- | 62-70 |2Bt1 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 29.5 | 30.6 | 3.3 | 64.0 | 2.5 | 33.5 | --- | --- | --- | 70-76 |2Bt2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 30.7 | 34.0 | 3.2 | 68.5 | 2.2 | 29.3 | --- | --- | --- | 76-80 |2CB | 0.1 | 0.4 | 32.0 | 36.6 | 3.7 | 72.8 | 2.4 | 24.8 | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers2, 7 | 0-5 |A1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 1.0 | 60.4 | 38.6 | --- | --- | --- S81TX-225-003 | 5-16 |A2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 54.1 | 37.5 | 0.076| 1.37 | 29.7 | 16-26 |Bw1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.0 | 19.5 | 21.5 | 50.1 | 28.4 | 0.049| 1.49 | 23.9 | 26-31 |Bw2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 23.2 | 24.8 | 51.9 | 23.3 | 0.035| 1.46 | 22.6 | 31-33 |Ab | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 21.9 | 23.3 | 53.2 | 23.5 | --- | --- | --- | 33-37 |Bwb1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 3.1 | 27.7 | 30.9 | 47.6 | 21.5 | 0.033| 1.46 | 19.6 | 37-43 |Bwb2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 20.4 | 22.9 | 52.5 | 24.6 | 0.046| 1.53 | 21.8 | 43-59 |Bwb3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 5.9 | 17.7 | 23.6 | 44.2 | 32.2 | 0.064| 1.55 | 23.4 | 59-70 |Bwb4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.5 | 14.5 | 16.3 | 48.3 | 35.4 | 0.067| 1.54 | 23.8 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Portersprings2, 3| 0-9 |Ap | 0.0 | 0.3 | 7.9 | 47.1 | 19.5 | 74.8 | 12.7 | 12.5 | 0.019| 1.40 | 31.3 S89TX-225-002 | 9-16 |A | 0.2 | 0.2 | 6.3 | 43.8 | 20.5 | 71.0 | 12.9 | 16.1 | 0.035| 1.38 | 30.3 | 16-22 |Bt1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 5.1 | 37.6 | 19.3 | 62.2 | 13.4 | 24.4 | 0.045| 1.34 | 32.3 | 22-29 |Bt2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 5.0 | 36.2 | 20.3 | 61.7 | 12.9 | 25.5 | 0.026| 1.38 | 31.6 | 29-42 |Bt3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 5.1 | 39.1 | 24.3 | 68.7 | 11.9 | 19.4 | 0.035| 1.39 | 29.1 | 42-51 |BCt1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 9.2 | 47.1 | 21.9 | 78.5 | 8.4 | 13.1 | 0.039| 1.41 | 27.4 | 51-58 |BCt2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 17.4 | 50.2 | 18.0 | 85.9 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 0.027| 1.43 | 25.6 | 58-72 |BCt3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.5 | 46.2 | 29.6 | 80.6 | 10.0 | 9.4 | --- | --- | --- | 72-87 |2C | 0.0 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 81.1 | 13.5 | 95.4 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 0.029| 1.44 | 22.7 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trawick1, 8 | 0-4 |A |10.0 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 13.7 | 9.8 | 48.0 | 26.1 | 25.9 | 0.008| 1.41 | 30.1 S88TX-225-002 | 4-14 |Bt1 | 9.9 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 5.7 | 33.4 | 17.3 | 49.3 | 0.024| 1.29 | 34.5 | 14-23 |Bt2 | 5.7 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 | 26.1 | 15.0 | 58.9 | 0.053| 1.13 | 44.8 | 23-34 |Cr1 | 6.1 | 8.9 | 15.2 | 17.8 | 9.5 | 57.5 | 15.4 | 27.1 | 0.006| 1.09 | 29.7 | 34-48 |Cr2 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 8.6 | 15.3 | 9.3 | 43.7 | 18.6 | 37.7 | 0.010| 1.37 | 37.9 | 48-65 |2C1 | 4.4 | 4.3 | 7.0 | 12.1 | 6.3 | 34.1 | 13.2 | 52.7 | 0.044| 1.14 | 49.3 | 65-79 |2C2 | 5.5 | 4.9 | 7.0 | 9.6 | 3.5 | 30.5 | 12.8 | 56.7 | 0.062| 1.22 | 44.1 | | | | | | | | | | | | | Trawick1, 3 | 0-4 |A | 4.5 | 5.7 | 8.2 | 22.6 | 14.0 | 55.0 | 25.2 | 19.8 | 0.022| 1.15 | 19.3 S89TX-225-002 | 4-10 |AB |10.3 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 18.2 | 10.9 | 55.8 | 22.8 | 21.4 | 0.039| 1.59 | 21.7 | 10-23 |Bt | 1.9 | 3.1 | 4.6 | 10.7 | 8.8 | 29.1 | 18.1 | 52.8 | 0.027| 1.31 | 34.0 | 23-38 |BCt | 1.1 | 2.1 | 6.1 | 13.4 | 9.2 | 31.9 | 17.6 | 50.5 | 0.023| 1.28 | 36.0 | 38-48 |CR1 | 4.6 | 5.2 | 7.8 | 18.0 | 10.4 | 46.0 | 15.9 | 38.1 | 0.017| 1.30 | 37.5 | 48-56 |CR2 | 1.9 | 2.8 | 6.8 | 23.2 | 12.1 | 46.8 | 14.4 | 38.8 | 0.013| 1.48 | 32.9 | 56-67 |C1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 4.4 | 12.0 | 6.2 | 24.4 | 15.0 | 60.6 | 0.044| 1.17 | 45.8 | 67-85 |C2 | 0.7 | 2.0 | 5.2 | 10.1 | 5.6 | 23.6 | 17.5 | 58.9 | 0.089| 1.14 | 43.9 ______| | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnotes at end of table. 338 Soil Survey
Table 17.--Physical Analyses of Selected Soils--Continued
1 Analysis by the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, Nebraska. 2 Analysis by the Soil Characterization Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 3 Location of the pedon sampled is the same as that of the typical pedon described in the section "Soil Series and Their Morphology." 4 Location of pedon sampled: From Farm Road 1280 in Austonio; 5.0 miles southwest on Texas Highway 21; 1.6 miles west on Farm Road 2498; 1,500 feet south in a pasture. The matrix colors of this soil are not typical. 5 Location of pedon sampled: From Farm Road 357 in Kennard; 3.5 miles west on Texas Highway 7; 0.4 mile southeast on U.S. Forest Service Road 533a; 30 feet south in a forest. The surface of this soil is too thick. 6 Location of pedon sampled: From Texas Highway 19 in Grapeland; 3.0 miles east on Farm Road 228; 0.6 mile south on farm lane; 2,000 feet east in a pasture. The base saturation is low for this soil. 7 Location of pedon sampled: From Loop 304 in Crockett; 8.5 miles west on U.S. Highway 287 to Shady Grove Baptist Church; 0.8 mile south on county road; 0.4 mile east and southeast on lane to farmstead; 1.25 miles south- southeast on lane; 0.15 mile southeast of bridge; 20 feet northeast of lane. This soil has a chroma of 2 and redoximorphic concentrations. 8 Location of pedon sampled: From the intersection of U.S. Highway 287 and Farm Road 228 in Grapeland; 11.1 miles east on Farm Road 228; 0.8 mile south on a country road; then 150 feet west of the road. 9 This pedon has a weighted average clay content slightly more than 60 percent in the 10- to 40-inch control section (61.4 percent); however it is felt that this is within the range of normal lab error. 10 Location of pedon sampled: About 4 miles southwest of Kennard on Texas Highway 7; 1.2 miles south on U.S. Forest Service Road 514; 0.55 mile east along woods road and 30 feet north into woodland. Houston County, Texas 339
Table 18.--Chemical Analyses of Selected Soils
(Dashes indicate data were not available. TR indicates a trace amount.)
______| | |______Extractable bases |Cation- | Base |Reaction| |Alumi- |Ex- Soil name and | Depth |Horizon | | | | |exchange|satura-| 1:1 |Organic| num |change- sample number | | | Ca | Mg | K | Na |capacity| tion |soil:H20|carbon |satura-| able ______| | | | | | | | | | | tion |sodium | __In | |------Meq/100______grams of soil------| ___Pct | __pH |------Pct------______| | | | | | | | | | | | Austonio2, 4 | 0-3 |A1 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 5.2 | 100 | 6.5 | 0.97 | 1.2 | 2 S89TX-225-001 | 3-10 |A2 | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 53 | 5.7 | 0.25 | 1.3 | 3 | 10-18 |E | 1.1 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.7 | 59 | 5.8 | 0.15 | 2.4 | 3 | 18-24 |Bt1 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 9.6 | 90 | 5.1 | 0.33 | 2.4 | 1 | 24-34 |Bt2 | 6.1 | 4.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 11.4 | 87 | 4.9 | 0.33 | 2.3 | 1 | 34-39 |Bt3 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 9.9 | 82 | 4.7 | 0.23 | 2.3 | 1 | 39-50 |Bt4 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 8.4 | 98 | 4.4 | 0.13 | 1.2 | 1 | 50-66 |BCt | 1.9 | 2.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 4.3 | 88 | 4.7 | 0.06 | 0.0 | 2 | 66-83 |2EB | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 50 | 4.0 | 0.06 | 0.0 | 6 | 83-91 |2Bt/Eg1 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 5.7 | 90 | 5.2 | 0.06 | 0.6 | 2 | 91-96 |2Bt/Eg2 | 5.8 | 4.7 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 11.2 | 90 | 5.7 | 0.12 | 0.0 | 2 | 96-102|2BC/E | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Chireno1, 3 | 0-12 |A |10.8 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 16.2 | 73 | 6.1 | 1.73 | 0.3 | --- S86TX-225-006 | 12-20 |Bt1 |14.4 | 6.7 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 21.5 | 78 | 6.6 | 0.91 | 0.4 | --- | 20-25 |Bt2 |15.8 | 10.9 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 27.3 | 79 | 6.8 | 0.74 | 0.6 | --- | 25-41 |Bt3 |15.6 | 8.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 24.7 | 82 | 6.9 | 0.55 | 0.6 | --- | 41-60 |Bt4 |11.1 | 7.6 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 19.2 | 83 | 6.9 | 0.36 | 0.5 | --- | 60-83 |Bt5 | 8.0 | 5.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 13.9 | 84 | 6.9 | 0.18 | 0.3 | --- | 83-100|Bt6 | 8.3 | 6.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 15.0 | 83 | 6.9 | 0.11 | 0.5 | --- |100-112|Bt7 |11.6 | 7.3 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 19.2 | 82 | 7.0 | 0.13 | 0.6 | --- |112-124|2C | 3.8 | 2.7 | 0.1 | --- | 6.6 | 86 | 7.0 | 0.08 | 0.1 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Eastham2, 3 | 0-4 |Ap |37.3 | 5.7 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 44.3 | 100 | 6.0 | 2.02 | --- | 1 S90TX-225-001 | 4-17 |A |36.9 | 6.4 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 44.8 | 100 | 5.7 | 0.94 | --- | 2 | 17-27 |Bss1 |36.8 | 6.5 | 0.6 | 1.5 | 45.4 | 100 | 5.4 | 0.87 | --- | 1 | 27-40 |Bss2 |43.1 | 6.5 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 53.1 | 100 | 7.2 | 0.97 | --- | 6 | 40-46 |Bkss1 |67.7 | 6.2 | 0.6 | 3.9 | 78.4 | 100 | 7.8 | 0.55 | --- | 9 | 46-57 |Bkss2 |68.3 | 6.4 | 0.5 | 4.6 | 79.7 | 100 | 7.8 | 0.40 | --- | 8 | 57-70 |BCkss |50.6 | 4.0 | 0.3 | 3.4 | 58.4 | 100 | 7.7 | 0.29 | --- | 7 | 70-88 |BCss |32.9 | 3.6 | 0.3 | 2.6 | 39.4 | 100 | 7.7 | 0.30 | --- | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | Elrose1, 3 | 0-5 |Ap | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | TR | 0.9 | 24 | 4.2 | 0.98 | TR | --- S86TX-225-007 | 5-12 |E | 0.6 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 40 | 4.7 | 0.26 | TR | --- | 20-42 |Bt2 | 5.8 | 1.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 7.8 | 56 | 5.2 | 0.19 | 0.3 | --- | 12-20 |Bt1 | 4.1 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 5.5 | 58 | 5.8 | 0.29 | 0.2 | --- | 42-64 |Bt3 | 5.1 | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 7.3 | 58 | 5.5 | 0.12 | 0.4 | --- | 64-70 |Bt4 | 1.4 | 0.6 | TR | TR | 2.0 | 48 | 6.5 | 0.07 | 0.3 | --- | 70-80 |Bt5 | 6.3 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 9.0 | 63 | 5.7 | 0.12 | 0.6 | --- | 80-91 |Bt6 | 4.4 | 2.1 | 0.2 | TR | 6.7 | 61 | 5.7 | 0.09 | 0.5 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller2, 9 | 0-7 |A1 | 2.3 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 3.3 | 33 | 4.5 | 1.91 | 2.0 | 0 S82TX-225-003 | 7-11 |A2 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 47 | 4.8 | 0.81 | 1.5 | 1 | 11-21 |E1 | 2.2 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 3.9 | 57 | 5.1 | 0.21 | 1.6 | 1 | 21-29 |E2 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 4.5 | 55 | 5.1 | 0.18 | 1.7 | 3 | 29-40 |E3 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 6.1 | 69 | 5.3 | 0.15 | 1.1 | 7 | 40-50 |Btng/E | 6.3 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 1.6 | 12.0 | 83 | 5.1 | 0.17 | 0.2 | 10 | 50-58 |2Bt/E |15.1 | 9.1 | 0.4 | 3.9 | 28.5 | 95 | 6.1 | 0.13 | --- | 11 | 58-70 |2Bt/C |19.7 | 10.8 | 0.5 | 5.1 | 36.1 | --- | 7.3 | 0.15 | --- | 11 | 70-80 |2C |27.9 | 12.1 | 0.6 | 5.4 | 46.1 | --- | 7.3 | 0.17 | --- | 10 | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnotes at end of table. 340 Soil Survey
Table 18.--Chemical Analyses of Selected Soils--Continued ______| | |______Extractable bases |Cation- | Base |Reaction| |Alumi- |Ex- Soil name and | Depth |Horizon | | | | |exchange|satura-| 1:1 |Organic| num |change- sample number | | | Ca | Mg | K | Na |capacity| tion |soil:H20|carbon |satura-| able ______| | | | | | | | | | | tion |sodium | __In | |------Meq/100______grams of soil------| ___Pct | __pH |------Pct------______| | | | | | | | | | | | Fuller2, 5 | 0-5 |A1 | 6.0 | 1.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 7.4 | --- | 5.4 | 1.41 | 0.3 | --- S82TX-225-004 | 5-9 |A2 | 1.1 | 0.7 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.0 | 31 | 4.6 | 0.68 | 2.0 | 1 | 9-23 |E1 | 0.6 | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.1 | 28 | 4.7 | 0.43 | 2.9 | 1 | 23-31 |E2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 38 | 4.8 | 0.22 | 2.8 | 3 | 31-39 |E3 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 4.9 | 54 | 4.7 | 0.20 | 1.8 | 8 | 39-49 |Btng/E | 6.4 | 4.3 | 0.2 | 2.9 | 13.8 | 84 | 4.8 | 0.26 | 0.4 | 14 | 49-59 |2BC1 |11.6 | 9.2 | 0.3 | 6.6 | 27.7 | 91 | 5.9 | 0.29 | --- | 15 | 59-69 |2BC2 |15.7 | 11.9 | 0.4 | 8.7 | 36.8 | 92 | 6.8 | 0.21 | --- | 16 | 69-74 |2C |13.1 | 9.2 | 0.3 | 7.0 | 29.7 | 87 | 7.1 | 0.17 | --- | 15 | 74-80 |3C | 6.4 | 3.7 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 13.5 | --- | 7.3 | 0.12 | --- | 17 | | | | | | | | | | | | Grapeland2, 3 | 0-3 |Ap | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 50 | 5.1 | 0.44 | 0.0 | 4 S90TX-225-005 | 3-12 |A | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 32 | 4.7 | 0.22 | 0.0 | 5 | 12-39 |Bt1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.4 | 47 | 4.4 | 0.13 | 0.0 | 3 | 39-52 |Bt2 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 1.0 | 32 | 4.5 | 0.38 | 0.0 | 3 | 52-80 |Bt3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.6 | 19 | 4.8 | 0.42 | 0.6 | 3 | | | | | | | | | | | | Haineville2, 3 | 0-5 |Ap | 4.5 | 1.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 6.6 | 73 | 5.5 | 1.63 | 0.0 | 2 S90TX-225-004 | 5-14 |A | 5.0 | 2.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 8.3 | 93 | 5.5 | 0.60 | 0.0 | 2 | 14-28 |Bw | 4.4 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 9.0 | 68 | 4.5 | 0.38 | 0.6 | 2 | 28-45 |Bw/E1 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 9.3 | 65 | 4.4 | 0.32 | 0.1 | 2 | 45-58 |Bw/E2 | 5.6 | 6.6 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 13.0 | 60 | 4.2 | 0.31 | 2.4 | 2 | 58-70 |Bw/E3 | 6.3 | 7.6 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 14.9 | 65 | 4.0 | 0.29 | 2.2 | 2 | 70-88 |B&E |10.5 | 8.2 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 20.3 | 82 | 5.3 | 0.31 | 0.0 | 2 | | | | | | | | | | | | Hallsbluff2, 3 | 0-6 |Ap |59.5 | 1.5 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 61.8 | 100 | 7.7 | 1.50 | --- | 0 S90TX-225-003 | 6-17 |A |44.4 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 46.2 | 100 | 7.6 | 1.30 | --- | 0 | 17-29 |Bss |42.1 | 1.7 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 44.5 | 100 | 7.7 | 0.95 | --- | 0 | 29-40 |Bkss1 |63.1 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 1.1 | 67.1 | 100 | 8.0 | 0.32 | --- | 3 | 40-52 |Bkss2 |64.7 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 2.2 | 70.3 | 100 | 8.0 | 0.20 | --- | 4 | 52-80 |BCss |67.8 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 2.7 | 74.5 | 100 | 8.1 | 0.23 | --- | 7 | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys2, 3 | 0-6 |A | 2.1 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.5 | 40 | 5.2 | 1.33 | 0.1 | 0 S84TX-225-003 | 6-11 |E1 | 0.7 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 47 | 5.3 | 0.22 | 0.5 | 0 | 11-18 |E2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 53 | 5.3 | 0.12 | 0.1 | 0 | 18-25 |Bt/E | 1.2 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.8 | 69 | 4.9 | 0.14 | 0.9 | 0 | 25-33 |E/Bt1 | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.4 | 42 | 4.6 | 0.13 | 2.1 | 0 | 33-50 |E/Bt2 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2.4 | 38 | 4.6 | 0.13 | 3.8 | 5 | 50-57 |Bt/E | 3.4 | 3.1 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 7.7 | 61 | 4.8 | 0.10 | 3.2 | 9 | 57-63 |C/Bt | 6.5 | 6.1 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 15.0 | 75 | 4.5 | 0.08 | 4.7 | 12 | 63-80 |2C | 7.6 | 6.4 | 0.1 | 2.9 | 17.0 | 85 | 4.3 | 0.07 | 4.6 | 15 | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex2, 3 | 0-4 |A | 1.4 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 3.4 | 22 | 5.7 | 3.06 | --- | 1 S82TX-225-002 | 4-15 |Bt1 | 5.4 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 7.9 | 59 | 5.1 | 0.46 | 1.6 | 1 | 15-28 |Bt2 | 5.1 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 7.5 | 51 | 5.1 | 0.24 | 2.4 | 1 | 28-35 |Bt3 | 5.9 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 8.7 | 51 | 5.2 | 0.24 | 3.4 | 2 | 35-43 |2Bt/E1 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 11.0 | 51 | 5.2 | 0.24 | 4.7 | 2 | 43-56 |2Bt/E2 | 9.3 | 3.0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 13.2 | 57 | 5.3 | 0.28 | 4.2 | 3 | 56-71 |2Bt/E3 |12.6 | 3.6 | 0.2 | 1.0 | 17.4 | 71 | 5.5 | 0.26 | 1.3 | 4 | 71-80 |2B't |18.9 | 4.4 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 25.3 | 85 | 5.2 | 0.21 | 0.6 | 6 | | | | | | | | | | | | Latex1, 6 | 0-4 |Ap1 | 1.7 | 0.5 | 0.1 | TR | 1.7 | 57 | 5.4 | 0.26 | 0.1 | --- S86TX-225-005 | 4-9 |Ap2 | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.2 | TR | 3.5 | 47 | 4.7 | 0.13 | 0.1 | --- | 9-20 |Bt1 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 4.2 | 61 | 5.9 | 0.36 | 0.4 | --- | 20-31 |Bt2 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 6.6 | 55 | 5.9 | 0.24 | 0.7 | --- | 31-39 |Bt3 | 3.0 | 3.4 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 6.9 | 51 | 5.4 | 0.18 | 0.8 | --- | 39-52 |Btv | 2.4 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 7.9 | 41 | 5.1 | 0.09 | 0.6 | --- | 52-68 |Bt/E1 | 1.7 | 2.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 7.0 | 36 | 5.1 | 0.08 | 0.6 | --- | 68-87 |Bt/E2 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 6.2 | 47 | 5.0 | 0.04 | 0.5 | --- | 87-106|2Bt | 9.5 | 4.9 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 5.2 | 74 | 5.2 | 0.01 | 0.2 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | |
See footnotes at end of table. Houston County, Texas 341
Table 18.--Chemical Analyses of Selected Soils--Continued ______| | |______Extractable bases |Cation- | Base |Reaction| |Alumi- |Ex- Soil name and | Depth |Horizon | | | | |exchange|satura-| 1:1 |Organic| num |change- sample number | | | Ca | Mg | K | Na |capacity| tion |soil:H20|carbon |satura-| able ______| | | | | | | | | | | tion |sodium | __In | |------Meq/100______grams of soil------| ___Pct | __pH |------Pct------______| | | | | | | | | | | | Lovelady2, 3 | 0-4 |A1 | 2.9 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.0 | 89 | 6.2 | 0.91 | 0.0 | --- S92TX-225-001 | 4-11 |A2 | 1.6 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 2.2 | 100 | 6.0 | 0.34 | 0.0 | --- | 11-26 |E | 0.8 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 100 | 5.9 | 0.09 | 0.0 | --- | 26-42 |Bt/E1 | 3.8 | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 5.7 | 84 | 5.8 | 0.15 | 0.0 | --- | 42-50 |Bt/E2 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 4.9 | 88 | 5.4 | 0.10 | 0.0 | --- | 50-62 |2Bt/E | 2.8 | 2.4 | 0.3 | 0.1 | 5.6 | 75 | 4.9 | 0.10 | 0.3 | --- | 62-70 |2Bt1 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 5.3 | 40 | 4.1 | 0.14 | 6.0 | --- | 70-76 |2Bt2 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 4.7 | 37 | 3.8 | 0.09 | 6.1 | --- | 76-80 |2CB | 0.8 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 3.5 | 33 | 3.9 | 0.08 | 4.7 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Pophers2, 7 | 0-5 |A1 | 0.3 | 2.1 | 0.1 | 1.1 | 8.6 | 32 | 4.3 | 5.07 | 5.0 | --- S81TX-225-003 | 5-16 |A2 | 6.9 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 10.5 | 39 | 4.6 | 0.71 | 2.3 | --- | 16-26 |Bw1 | 6.5 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 10.8 | 60 | 4.8 | 0.43 | 0.7 | --- | 26-31 |Bw2 | 6.0 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 10.5 | 77 | 5.0 | 0.40 | 0.3 | --- | 31-33 |Ab | 5.7 | 3.9 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 10.2 | 80 | 5.1 | 0.59 | 0.2 | --- | 33-37 |Bwb1 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 9.4 | 79 | 5.0 | 0.31 | 0.1 | --- | 37-43 |Bwb2 | 6.2 | 4.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 11.2 | 81 | 5.2 | 0.31 | 0.1 | --- | 43-59 |Bwb3 | 8.9 | 6.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 15.9 | 91 | 5.3 | 0.46 | 0.1 | --- | 59-70 |Bwb4 | 9.8 | 7.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 17.7 | 91 | 5.4 | 0.28 | 0.1 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Portersprings2, 3| 0-9 |Ap | 7.4 | 0.9 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 8.8 | 85 | 4.8 | 1.02 | 0.0 | 3 S89TX-225-002 | 9-16 |A | 7.6 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 8.6 | 86 | 5.0 | 0.64 | 0.0 | 3 | 16-22 |Bt1 |10.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 11.3 | 82 | 4.9 | 0.66 | 0.6 | 2 | 22-29 |Bt2 |10.3 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 11.1 | 83 | 5.0 | 0.47 | 1.3 | 2 | 29-42 |Bt3 | 8.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 9.3 | 96 | 5.0 | 0.24 | 1.2 | 3 | 42-51 |BCt1 | 5.8 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 6.1 | 87 | 4.9 | 0.14 | 1.2 | 3 | 51-58 |BCt2 | 3.9 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.2 | 86 | 5.7 | 0.10 | 0.6 | 4 | 58-72 |BCt3 | 5.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 6.2 | 100 | 7.5 | 0.08 | 1.3 | 9 | 72-87 |2C | 2.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 100 | 7.7 | 0.05 | 0.6 | 16 | | | | | | | | | | | | Trawick1, 8 | 0-4 |A |13.6 | 1.9 | 0.6 | 0.1 | 16.2 | 63 | 6.2 | 2.39 | 0.6 | --- S86TX-225-002 | 4-14 |Bt1 |11.3 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 14.1 | 58 | 6.3 | 0.75 | 0.8 | --- | 14-23 |Bt2 |16.8 | 4.4 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 21.7 | 66 | 6.1 | 0.46 | 1.0 | --- | 23-34 |Cr1 |12.4 | 7.3 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 20.2 | 55 | 5.2 | 0.03 | 1.0 | --- | 34-48 |Cr2 |14.4 | 12.7 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 27.6 | 42 | 4.8 | 0.03 | 1.0 | --- | 48-65 |2C1 |15.0 | 18.2 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 33.8 | 59 | 4.7 | 0.12 | 0.7 | --- | 65-79 |2C2 |16.5 | 21.8 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 39.1 | 67 | 4.3 | 0.11 | 0.5 | --- | | | | | | | | | | | | Trawick1, 3 | 0-4 |A |16.6 | 3.2 | 1.1 | 0.3 | 21.2 | 74 | 6.8 | 4.16 | 0.4 | --- S89TX-225-002 | 4-10 |AB | 9.3 | 1.6 | 0.2 | --- | 11.1 | 63 | 6.6 | 1.02 | 0.6 | --- | 10-23 |Bt |11.7 | 4.2 | 0.3 | --- | 16.2 | 60 | 6.7 | 0.52 | 1.1 | --- | 23-38 |BCt |10.2 | 9.0 | 0.3 | --- | 19.5 | 57 | 6.1 | 0.23 | 1.1 | --- | 38-48 |Cr1 | 8.0 | 7.7 | 0.2 | --- | 15.9 | 50 | 6.1 | 0.14 | 1.1 | --- | 48-56 |Cr2 |10.4 | 11.2 | 0.3 | --- | 21.9 | 55 | 5.9 | 0.06 | 1.0 | --- | 56-67 |2C1 |13.5 | 14.7 | 0.4 | --- | 28.6 | 64 | 5.8 | 0.12 | 1.1 | --- | 67-85 |2C2 |22.1 | 27.2 | 0.5 | TR | 49.8 | 77 | 5.6 | 0.14 | 0.8 | --- ______| | | | | | | | | | | |
1 Analysis by National Soil Survey Laboratory, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Lincoln, Nebraska. 2 Analysis by Soil Characterization Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. 3 Location of the pedon sampled is the same as that of the typical pedon described in the section "Soil Series and Their Morphology." 4 Location of pedon sampled: From Farm Road 1280 in Austonio; 5.0 miles southwest on Texas Highway 21; 1.6 miles west on Farm Road 2498; 1,500 feet south in a pasture. The matrix colors of this soil are not typical. 5 Location of pedon sampled: From Farm Road 357 in Kennard; 3.5 miles west on Texas Highway 7; 0.4 mile southeast on U.S. Forest Service Road 533a; 30 feet south in a forest. The surface of this soil is too thick. 6 Location of pedon sampled: From Texas Highway 19 in Grapeland; 3.0 miles east on Farm Road 228; 0.6 mile south on farm lane; 2,000 feet east in a pasture. The base saturation is low for this soil. 7 Location of pedon sampled: From Loop 304 in Crockett; 8.5 miles southeast on U.S. Highway 287 to Shady Grove Baptist Church; 0.8 mile south on county road; 0.4 mile east and southeast on lane to farmstead; 1.25 miles south-southeast on lane; 0.15 mile southeast of bridge; 20 feet northeast of lane. This soil has a chroma of 2 and redoximorphic concentrations. 342 Soil Survey
Table 18.--Chemical Analyses of Selected Soils--Continued
8 Location of pedon sampled: From the intersection of U.S. Highway 287 and Farm Road 228 in Grapeland; 11.1 miles east on Farm Road 228; 0.8 mile south on a country road; then 150 feet west of the road. 9 Location of pedon sampled: About 4 miles southwest of Kennard on Texas Highway 7; 1.2 miles south on U.S. Forest Service Road 514; 0.55 mile east along woods road and 30 feet north into woodland. This pedon has exchangeable sodium too low to classify as a Natraqualf. Houston County, Texas 343
Table 19.--Engineering Index Test Data
(Dashes indicate data were not available. NP means nonplastic.)
______Soil name, map | Classification |______Grain-size distribution | | | |______Shrinkage symbol, report | | Percentage |Liquid|Plasti-|Specific | | | number, horizon, and| ______| passing sieve-- |limit | city |gravity |Limit | Linear | Ratio depth in inches |AASHTO |Unified |5/8 |3/8 | No.| No.| No.|No.| | index |(particle| | | ______| | |inch|inch| 4 | 10 | 40 |200| | |density) | | | | | | | | | | | | ___Pct | | ____g/cc | ___Pct | ___Pct | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Annona:1 AnB | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S85THD-225-002 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A ------0-4 |A-4 | CL-ML | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 70| 26 | 5 | 2.67 | 22 | 1.8 | 1.66 Bt2 ------16-27 |A-7(32)| CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 88| 56 | 33 | 2.68 | 12 | 19.8 | 2.03 Bt3 ------27-38 |A-7(32)| CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 89| 52 | 34 | 2.65 | 13 | 18.8 | 2.05 Bt4 ------38-52 |A-7(32)| CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 88| 51 | 34 | 2.61 | 12 | 17.4 | 2.03 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Besner:1 BeA | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S85THD-225-001 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | E ------10-28 |A-4(0) | ML | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 25| 22 | 1 | 2.65 | 21 | 0.0 | 1.50 Bt/E ------38-65 |A-4(0) | ML | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 29| 20 | 3 | 2.68 | 21 | 0.0 | 1.43 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Keltys:1 KeB | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S84THD-225-003 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | E ------11-18 |A-4(0) | ML | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 57| 20 | 1 | 2.66 | 19 | 0.0 | 1.58 Bt/E ------18-25 |A-4(2) | CL-ML | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 61| 25 | 8 | 2.65 | 20 | 3.0 | 1.73 E/Bt ------25-33 |A-4(0) | ML | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 61| 18 | 1 | 2.62 | 19 | 0.0 | 1.61 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kosse:2 Ko | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S85THD-225-003 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A ------0-14 |A-6(10)| CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 60| 42 | 21 | 2.59 | 17 | 11.6 | 1.80 Bg1 ------14-26 |A-7(8) | CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 53| 38 | 21 | 2.60 | 17 | 9.3 | 1.85 Bg2 ------26-56 |A-6(7) | CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 52| 39 | 21 | 2.65 | 15 | 11.5 | 1.87 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Kurth:3 KuB | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S84THD-225-001 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | E2 ------11-20 |A-4(0) | ML | 100| 100| 99| 99| 98| 27| 19 | 1 | 2.69 | 20 | 0.0 | 1.61 2Bt2 ------32-46 |A-7(12)| CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 53| 49 | 30 | 2.68 | 16 | 14.5 | 1.84 2C ------71-80 |A-7(30)| CH | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 83| 53 | 35 | 2.75 | 16 | 16.3 | 1.88 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Lilbert:1 LtC | | | | | | | | | | | | | | S85THD-225-004 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | E ------5-27 |A-4(0) | ML | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 28| 19 | 2 | 2.71 | 18 | 0.0 | 1.71 Bt1 ------27-38 |A-6(7) | CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 52| 37 | 21 | 2.66 | 17 | 9.8 | 1.84 Bt2 ------38-43 |A-6(7) | CL | 100| 100| 100| 100| 100| 53| 37 | 21 | 2.69 | 16 | 10.2 | 1.82 ______| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
1 Location of the pedon sampled is the same as that of the typical pedon described in the section "Soil Series and Their Morphology." 2 Location of pedon sampled: From Farm Road 132 in Portersprings; 7.0 miles southwest; 0.2 mile west across cattle on an oil field road; 2.1 miles south on an oil field road to oil tanks; 0.2 mile northeast of oil tanks. This soil is a taxadjunct because data shows this soil has a fine control-section. 3 Location of pedon sampled: From Farm Road 227 in Ratcliff; 2.5 miles east on Texas Highway 7; 1.8 miles south on U.S. Forest Service Road 562; 0.1 mile east on woods trail; 0.1 mile southeast on trail; 50 feet south. This soil is a taxadjunct because data shows this soil has a fine control-section and base saturation less than 35 percent. 344
Table 20.--Classification of the Soils ______| Soil name | Family or higher taxonomic class ______| | | Alazan------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Alto------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludalfs Annona------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Paleudalfs Attoyac------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudalfs Austonio------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Hapludalfs Bernaldo------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalfs Besner------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Glossudalfs Betis------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Psammentic Paleudults Bowie------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Plinthic Paleudults Bub------| Clayey, mixed, thermic, shallow Typic Hapludalfs Chireno------| Fine, mixed, thermic Pachic Argiudolls Cuthbert------| Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludults Darco------| Loamy, siliceous, thermic Grossarenic Paleudults Derly------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs Eastham------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapluderts Elrose------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudalfs Etoile------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Freestone------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossaquic Paleudalfs Fuller------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Albic Glossic Natraqualfs Garner------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic Hapluderts Grapeland------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Psammentic Paleudults Hainesville------| Thermic, coated Argic Quartzipsamments Hallsbluff------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapluderts Hannahatchee------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts Herty------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Oxyaquic Vertic Hapludalfs Iulus------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Fluvaquentic Dystrochrepts Kaufman------| Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Typic Hapluderts Kellison------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Keltys------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Glossudalfs Kirvin------| Clayey, mixed, thermic Typic Hapludults Kosse------| Fine-loamy, mixed, thermic Fluventic Hapludolls Koury------| Coarse-silty, siliceous, thermic Dystric Fluventic Eutrochrepts Kurth------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Glossudalfs LaCerda------| Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Dystruderts Laneville------| Fine-silty, siliceous, thermic Fluvaquentic Eutrochrepts Latex------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Glossic Paleudalfs Lilbert------| Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Plinthic Paleudults Lovelady------| Loamy, mixed, thermic Arenic Glossudalfs Mollville------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Glossaqualfs Moswell------| Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs Moten------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs Multey------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Glossudalfs Naclina------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Hapluderts Naconiche------| Sandy, siliceous, thermic Cumulic Humaquepts Nahatche------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, nonacid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquents Ozias------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Aeric Dystraquerts Penning------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Percilla------| Fine, mixed, thermic Aeric Epiaqualfs Pophers------| Fine-silty, siliceous, acid, thermic Aeric Fluvaquents Portersprings------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Argiudolls Rentzel------| Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Plinthaquic Paleudults Sacul------| Clayey, mixed, thermic Aquic Hapludults Sawlit------| Fine-loamy, siliceous, thermic Aquic Glossudalfs Tenaha------| Loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludults Texark------| Very-fine, smectitic, thermic Aquic Hapluderts Tonkawa------| Thermic, coated Typic Quartzipsamments Trawick------| Fine, mixed, thermic Mollic Hapludalfs Woden------| Coarse-loamy, siliceous, thermic Typic Paleudalfs Woodtell------| Fine, smectitic, thermic Vertic Hapludalfs ______| NRCS Accessibility Statement
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