Index

Page numbers in italics refer to figure captions and bold refers to table.

A (anisotropic) band, nemaline myopathy, aggressive 94, 94–95 100 angiomyxoma, 159 Acanthamoeba, 206, Zebra body AIDS, 12, 196 213 myopathy, 101 Albendazole, 197 Accreditation, 385, Actin, 94, 95, 100, 120 Alcian blue, 412 403, 432, 437 accumulation (actin Aldose reductase, 25 Accuracy of masses), 100–101 Alport Anti-GBM measurement, 431, Actinolite, 325, 326, Nephritis, 73 432 327, 333 Alport’s syndrome, 2, Acid haemolytic actinopathies, 100 6, 12, 19–21 test, 294 acute quadriplegic Alteration of acid maltase deficiency myopathy dimensions see Pompe myosin loss in, 100 due to shrinkage, acidified serum lysis ADAMTS13, 24 434 test, 299 Adenovirus, 183, 184, due to expansion, ACTA skeletal actin 187, 188 435 gene defect in transplant kidney, Aluminosis, 325, 336 actinopathies, actin 75, 77 Aluminum, 325, 336 accumulation in, age related phenomena Aluminum hydroxide, 100 mitochondrial DNA 239 cap myopathy/‘capCOPYRIGHTEDdeletions, 107 MATERIALAlveolar proteinosis, disease’, 100 capillary endothelial 338 core myopathies, cell basal lamina alveolar soft-part 104 thickness of, 97 sarcoma, 159

Diagnostic Electron Microscopy: A Practical Guide to Interpretation and Technique, First Edition. Edited by John W. Stirling, Alan Curry and Brian Eyden. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Published 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 450 INDEX

Ammonium 326, 331, 333, 335, Asbestosis, 324, 325, molybdate, 411 337 326, 327, 327 Ammonium sulphate Analytical procedure, Asbestos-related precipitation, 410 446 diseases, 325, 326 Amoebae, 206 ANCA-associated Aspartylglucosa- Amosite, 324, 325, glomerulonephritis, minuria, 249 326, 327 18–19 Asteroid body, 327, Amphibole anchoring fibril, 155, 331 Commercial, 324, 169 astrocytoma, 159, 165 327, 330 angiomyofibro- Astrovirus, 184, 188 Amyloid, 8, 10–11, blastoma, 159 atrophy, 130 40–42, 119, 125, angiosarcoma, 159, axolemma, 126 141, 144 165 axonal flow, 126 Amyloidosis (renal), anisochromasia, 306 axonal growth cone, 432 anisocytosis, 306 125 Amyloidosis, 40–41 Anncaliia, 203 cytoskeleton, 120 Amyotrophic lateral A. vesicularum, 203 microtubules, 120 sclerosis (ALS), 247 A. connori, 203 neurofilaments, anaemia A. algerae, 204 120 aplastic, 294 Anthophyllite, 325, neurofilament congenital 326, 333 light dyserythropoietic Anti-GBM (NEFL),126 anaemia, 293–308 glomerulonephritis degeneration, 125 congenital dysery- (Goodpasture diseases thropoietic syndrome), 19 Charcot-Marie anaemia, Antinuclear antibodies Tooth disease diagnosis, 294, (ANCA), 36–37 (CMT2E), 126 299, 301 Apicomplexa, 206, regeneration, 126, congenital dysery- 207 128, 133 thropoietic apoptosis, 105 sprouts, 126, 128 anaemia type Arthrogryposis, renal unmyelinated, 124, I, 294–99, 301 dysfunction and 133, 137, 147 congenital cholestasis degeneration, dyserythropoi- syndrome (ARC), 125, 128, 129 etic 285, 287 attachment plaque, anaemia type cytoplasmic 159, 161, 173, 175 II, 299–306 vacuoles in, 285 Autoantibody, 30 haemolytic anaemia, VPS, 33B gene, autophagic vacuolar 299 285 myopathy Analytical electron Asbestos, 324, 325, childhood, 110 microscopy, 324, 326, 327, 330, 333, Danon Disease, 110 330, 331, 332 336 infantile, 110 Analytical Asbestos bodies, 327, with multi-organ methodology, 325, 330 involvement, 110 INDEX 451

x-linked myopathy Biological safety CADASIL, 269–74, with excessive precautions, 186, 343–4, 354 autophagia 409 Cajal bands, 124 (XMEA), 110 Biological variation, Calcineurin Inhibitor autophagic vacuoles 431, 445, 446 Toxicity with sarcolemmal Bioterrorism, 185, hyaline arteriolar features (AVSF), 409 beading, 83–4 109–110 Birbeck granule, see (Figure on 84) autophagic vacuoles, Langerhans cell thrombotic 109 granule microangiopathy, autosomal recessive BK Virus 63, 67 disorder, 299 transplant kidney, Calcofluor stain, 197 Axon, 117, 120, 125 74–8, (Figures on Calibrating grid, 436 76, 77, 78) Calibration, 432, 433, Bacillus, 192 Blood, 341, 368, 369 436–439, 442, Bacitracin, 412 Blood vessels, 444–446 Back-scattered electron endoneurial, 140, Calibration specimen, imaging, 325, 327, 145 414 331, 332, 333, 334 epineurial, 117 Calicivirus, 183, Bacteria, 182, pericytes, 145 188 191–193, 195 Bone Marrow Call-Exner body, 160 Balantidium coli, 206 EM preparation of, Canaliculi, 124 Bands of Bungner,¨ 281 cap myopathy/‘cap 126, 128, 129, 142 bone-marrow disease’, 100 basal lamina aspirate, 294 capillaries, 110 (endothelial), 97, bone-marrow empty basal lamina 111 particle, 294 loops, 111 basal lamina, 155, bone-marrow endothelial cell 157, 159–62, smear, 301 hypertrophy, 110 169–71 Bowman’s capsule, shrinkage, 110 basement 2–5, 34, 40–41 swelling, 110 membrane, 171 Brachiola (now thickened basal external lamina, Anncaliia), 204 lamina, 97 158–62, 170, brancher enzyme myofilament 173, 175 deficiency (GSD type streaming basophilic IV), 102, 103 adjacent to, 99 erythroblast, 294, Bronchoalveolar tubuloreticular 295 lavage, 332–3, 337 inclusions, 111 Berger’s disease, BTB/Kelch capillary endothelium, 30–32 (KBTBD13) 4–5, 7, 14–15 Berylliosis, 325, 337 in nemaline Capillary lumen, 4, Beryllium, 323, 325, myopathy, 100 15–16, 34, 39, 41, 337 Budding (of viruses), 43–4, 47 bilayer membrane, 301 183 Capillary tuft, 3, 16 452 INDEX

Carbon-coated grids, glial, 170 Chediak´ Higashi 412 haematolymphoid, syndrome, mast carcinoid, 174 158, 162, 170 cells, 145 carcinoma, 155, 158, multinucleated giant Chediak-Higashi 167, 169, 176 muscle, 169, 170, syndrome, 287 adenocarcinoma, 170, 173 China, 294 162, 167, 169, nerve-sheath, 169 chromatin bridge, 295, 173 normal, 155, 158, 295, 301, 306 adrenocortical, 159 170, 172, 173, Chronic inflammatory basal cell, 166 176, 177 demyelinating chromophobe perineurial, 170 polyneuropathy renal-cell, 158–9 plasma, 157 (CIDP), 129, 131, signet-ring cell, 161 reactive, 162, 171, 131, 133, 138 spindle-cell, 158, 174 Chrysotile, 324, 325, 161, 173 Schwann, 170 326, 327, 440 squamous-cell, 155, cell surface, 294, 295, Cilia, 157, 159, 167, 168, 169 299 221–6, 228–9, Carcinoma of the lung, central core disease, 231–6, 368 324 104–105 Ciliary beat frequency, Cauliflower-shaped Central nervous 223 collagen fibril, 313, system (CNS), Ciliary disorders, 320 117 221–3, 225, 227, caveola, 159, 161, 173 centriole, 172, 173 229, 231, 233–5 caveoli, 98, 98 centronuclear Ciliated specimens, Caveolin, 3, 98 myopathy, 96 230–1 autoimmunity to, 98 Cerebral autosomal Ciliopathies, 222, 224, in autophagic dominant 228–9 vacuoles with arteriopathy, 247 cisterna, 301, 303–5 sarcolemmal Cerium, 325, 338 degenerated features (AVSF), Ceroid Lipofuscinosis, cisterna, 301 109–110 260 Clinical features, 229, reduction in protein Ceroid lipofuscinosis, 235 expression, 98 260 clover leaf, 301, 302 secondary Juvenile, 260 Coal dust, 338 reductions in Cervical cancer, 187 Coal worker’s protein CFL2 cofilin pneumoconiosis, expression, 98 in core myopathies, 338 Cavin, 1, 98, 98 104 Coated Grids CDA, see anaemia, in nemaline Carbon, 412 congenital myopathy, 100 Formvar, 412 dyserythropoietic Charcot-Marie-Tooth Pioloform, 412 anaemia disease (CMT), 120, Coated grids, 412 cell, 153, 155, 156, 126, 130, 134, 135, Cobalt, 325, 336, 337 158, 162 140, 144, 148 Coccidia, 207 INDEX 453

Collagen, 117, 119, see acute membranous 160 quadriplegic nephropathy, 72 glycosaminoglycans, myopathy thrombotic 120 Crocidolite, 325, 326, microangiopathy, laminin, 120 327 74 Collagen fibril, 309, Cryoglobulinaemia, Dehydrant 310, 311, 312, 313, 11, 43, 45 (dehydrating agent), 316, 317, 318, 319, Cryoglobulinaemic 346, 348–349, 364 320, 321 GN, 45 Dehydration, Collagen IV, 3, 5, Cryptosporidium, 181, 348–351, 362, 365, 19–21, 120 206, 207, 210, 211 367 Collagen pockets, 121, C. parvum, 210 Demyelination, 130, 128, 129 C. hominis, 210 132–3, 137, 142, Collection of C. muris, 210 147 specimens, 410 crystal, 160 allergic, 130, 131 Complement pathway, Reinke, 160 primary, 130 33, 35 Crystalline inclusions, secondary, 126, 130 Computer monitors, 128, 129, 130, 138, Dense deposit disease, 427 140 7, 33–35 concentric laminated Cyclospora, 209, 211 Dense tubular system bodies, 112, 112 C. cayetanensis, 209 (DTS), 282 Confidence level (or cylindrical spirals, deparaffinisation, 156 interval), 431 111, 111 Deposits, 2, 5–15, 18, congenital myopathy, Cystinosis, 246, 259 19, 22, 24–30, 96 Cytomegalovirus 32–35, 37, 40, 41, Congo red, 8–10, 41 transplant kidney, 44, 45, 99, 100, Connexin, 32, 124 75, (Figure on 79) 105, 106, 111 Control reagents, 413 cytoplasmic bodies, Dermatosparaxis, 309, Controlled reference 112, 112 310, 312, 316 value, 433 dermis, 169 cores, 104, 104 Danon disease Desmin, 173 structured and (lysosomal glycogen granulomatous, 101 unstructured, 104 storage disease with in myofibrillar Cornea, 344–5 maltase), 238, 245, myopathies, 102 Coronavirus, 186, 189 257 in normal muscle, costamere, 95 (LAMP-2 95 Cowpox, 190, 191 deficiency), 110 desmosome, 155, 157, Coxiella, 193 De Novo Glomerular 159–61, 167, 168, crinophagy, 165 Disease 169, 171, 173 crista, 158, 160, 162 Alport anti-GBM desmosomal plaque, tubular 158, 160, nephritis, 73 156, 167, 169 162 focal segmental desmosome-like critical illness glomerulosclero- junction, 167, myopathy sis, 73 168, 169 454 INDEX diabetes emerging infectious excitation-contraction capillaries in, 97 agents, 384 coupling, 96 myofibre external Encephalitozoon, 198, Exposure categories, lamina in, 97 199, 201, 202, 206 330 Diabetic fibrillosis, 10, transplant kidney, external lamina 23 78–9, (Figure on (myofibre), 91 Diabetic 81) lamina densa, 91, 98 Glomerulosclerosis E. intestinalis, 201 lamina rara, 91, 98 recurrent, 66, E. hellem, 198, 201 extraskeletal myxoid 72 E. cuniculi, 199, chondrosarcoma, Diabetic nephropathy, 202 173 22–24 endomysium, 96, 97, Diabetic neuropathy 98 Fabry disease, 243, see Neuropathy, Endothelium, 4–5, 7, 248, 252 diabetic 14–15, 25, 170 basal lamina around Diffraction grating, Entamoeba, 206, 213 blood vessels in, 444–5 Enteric Coronavirus, 248, 252 Digital camera, 189 Fabry disease, 130, 419–429 Enterocytozoon 143 Distribution, 221 transplant kidney, Fabry’s disease, 15, 46 Domestic exposures, 78–9 familial incidence, 294 330 Enterocytozoon Farber’s disease, 136 Double contouring or bieneusi, 197–8, Farber’s ‘tram tracking’ 201, 206 lipogranulomatosis, (interpositioning), Environmental 242 14, 24, 33 exposures, 330 Fascicle, nerve, 117, doubling plasma ependymoma, 159 124 membrane, 301, Epithelial cells endoneurium, 117, 303, 305, 306 (podocytes), 3, 16, 140, 143, 144, Dynein arms, 222–5, 42 145 229, 234 epithelioid sarcoma, epineurium, 117, dysferlinopathy, 97, 159 125, 140 97, 98 Epstein-Barr virus, 36 perineurium, 117, dysplasia, 293 Errors 125, 133, 135, due to experimental 143 Ehlers-Danlos protocol, 431 Feldspar, 325, 334, syndrome, 309, 311, erythroblast, 293–307 335 313, 315, 317, 319, erythrocyte, 299, 306 ferritin particle, 299 320, 321 erythroid lineage, 301 Fiber analysis, 324 Elastic fiber, 310, 313, erythroid Fibers, 323, 324, 325 314, 315, 316, 317, precursor, 293 Fibrillary GN, 10, 41, 319, 320, 321 erythropoiesis, 301 42, 43 embryonal sarcoma of Ewing’s sarcoma, 157, Fibrin, 12, 16, 19, 24, liver, 159 159 29, 32 INDEX 455

thrombotic sarcoplasmic, in autonomic nerve microangiopathy, rimmed vacuoles, tumour 62–64, (Figure on 109 Gap junctions, 123–4, 64) fingerprint bodies, 133 Fibrin deposition, 112, 112 gastrointestinal 277 Flagella, 221–2, 224 autonomic nerve Fibrinogen, 278 Flower-like collagen tumour, 160, 168, fibroblast, 163, 165, fibril, 312, 313, 317, 169, 174 170 319 gastrointestinal Fibroblasts, 120, 122, Fluorescent viewing stromal tumour, 160 124, 125, 142, 163, screen, 419 gastrointestinal tract, 165, 170 focal density, 158, 171 fibronectin, 173 173, 175 Gaucher’s disease fibronectin fibril, 171, Focal Segmental (Type I, II & III), 175 Glomerulosclerosis 242, 252, 256 fibronexus, 158, 159, de novo73 Gaucher-like cells, 238 161, 173 recurrent, 66, 69, Genes, 222–3, 226, Fibrous long spacing (Figure on 70) 228–9, 231, 234–5 collagen Focal segmental Genetic mutations, (FLSC).140, 143, glomerulosclerosis 131, 143 144 (FSGS), 17–18 EGR2, 135 Luse bodies, 144 follicular dendritic MPZ,135 Ficoll-Hypaque reticulum-cell PMP22, 135 gradient, 279, 281, sarcoma, 160, 167 SH3TC2 282 Foot process, 2–6, 15, (KIAA1985),135 filamentous bodies, 17–18, 22, 24–6, GFPT1 112 29, 33–4, 39, 41 in familial filaments, 95 formalin, 156 myasthenia, 109 intermediate Fucosidosis, 248, 253 Giant axonal intranuclear zebra bodies in neuropathy (GAN), in dermatomyosi- Schwann cells, 126, 130 tis/polymyositis, 253 Giant cell interstitial 105, 106 pneumonitis, 337 in inclusion body Galactosialidosis, 238 Giardia, 206, 209 myopathy, 105, GM1, 241 G. intestinalis, 209 106 GM2, 242 G. lamblia, 209 in oculopharyn- B variant G. duodenalis, 209 geal muscular (Tay-Sachs), GIST, see dystrophy, 105, 247 gastrointestinal 106 Zebra bodies stromal tumour in oculopharyn- (fingerprints) Glomerular basement godistal in, 247, 249 membrane (GBM) muscular GANT, see thickness, 432, 438, dystrophy,106 gastrointestinal 443, 445 456 INDEX

Glomerular basement myofibre, variation Heavy-chain membrane (GBM), in content, 95 deposition disease 2, 4–5, 13, 18, 21, particle crystalline (HCDD), 37 39, 47 arrays, 93 hemidesmosome, abnormal Golgi apparatus, 163 169 composition GOM, see Granular Henoch-Schonlein¨ double contouring, osmiophilic material purpura nephritis, 14 (GOM) 32 folding, 14 Granular osmiophilic Heparin, 279 gaps, 14 deposits (GRAD), Hereditary liability to lamination, 5 258, 259, 261 pressure palsies normal, 13 Granular osmiophilic (HNPP), 147 subendothelial material (GOM), Hereditary metabolic widening, 14 270, 274 storage disorders texture, 13–14 granule, 299 Fabry’s disease, thick, 13, 23 Granulo-filamentous 46–7 thin, 13 deposit, 310, 311, LCAT deficiency, width, 13 312, 313, 315, 319 46–7 Glomerulus, normal, Granulomas, 327, Hermansky-Pudlak 3–5 330, 338 syndrome, 287 Glow discharge, 412 Granulomatous, 330, Herpes simplex, 190 glutaraldehyde, 334–8 Herpesvirus-185, 189, 156, 294 Grey platelet syndrome 190 glycocalyx, 172, 173 (GPS), 285, 286 transplant kidney, glycogen, 157, 159, NBEAL2 gene, 285 75 161 Grids, 354–5, 359, heterochromatin, 156, Glycogen granules, 361, 363–4, 378 158, 169, 295 128, 129 Guamanian hibernoma, 160 glycogen storage neurodegenerative Hieroglyphic-shaped disorder (GSD), disease, 247 collagen fibril, 310 102 Guillain-Barre´ High resolution Brancher enzyme syndrome (GBS), electron microscopy, deficiency (GSD 131, 142 412 type IV), 102, 103 Gulf region, 294 Hirano bodies, 140 McArdles (GSD type histology, 154–56, V), 102 haemoglobin, 29, 296, 173 Pompe (GSD type 299 HIV, 12, 36, 42 II), 102, 103, 110 Haemolytic uraemic HIV-associated glycogen, 94 syndrome (HUS), nephropathy, 18 and fibre type, 95 24–25 HMB45 165 blebs, 91 haemopoietic Household contacts, en bloc section island, 294 330 staining with Hard metal lung Human uranyl acetate, 91 disease, 325, 336 immunodeficiency INDEX 457

virus (HIV), 181, IgM, 1, 9, 17–21, sarcoplasmic 183 24–5, 29, 32–3, inclusions in, 109 Hunter disease, 257 35–7, 45 inclusion, 299 Hunter syndrome, Immunoelectron filamentous, 240 microscopy, 413 intranuclear, 105, Hurler-Scheie Antibody coating, 106 syndrome, 240 413 sarcoplasmic, 109 hyaline bodies (myosin immunoelectron Indium, 338 accumulation), 100 microscopy, 165 Infantile hyaline inclusion, 161 Immunofluorescence, Osteopetrosis, 238, hyaluronic acid, 160 1, 10, 301 246 Hyaluronic acid Immunofluorescent, Infection globule, 310, 311, 223, 229, 234 transplant kidney, 319 immunogold electron 74 hyperCKemia microscopy, 301 Infectious diseases, 26, idiopathic, 98 Immunogold labelling, 29, 31, 33 Hypersensitivity 414 Infectious organisms, pneumonitis, 325, immunohistochemistry, 45 330, 331, 333 153, 154, 158, 173, Insudate, 60, (Figure 176 on 62) I(isotropic) band, 94 Immunolabelling, 1–2, insulinoma, 171 I cell disease, 238, 241 5, 7–10, 12, 17–20, interdigitating IgA Nephropathy 24–5, 29, 32–4, reticulum-cell recurrent, 66, 71 36–8, 41–3, 45, 47 sarcoma, 160 IgA nephropathy Immunoperoxidase, 1 interferon (Berger’s disease), Immunotactoid GN, relationship with 30–32 42–5 tubuloreticular IgM kappa Inactivation of inclusions, 111 paraproteinaemia, specimens, 409 intermediate filaments, 132 Affect on virus 158–61, 167 Immune clumping, 413 morphology, 409 paranuclear whorl, Immune deposits Formaldehyde, 409 160 complement (C3, Paraformaldehyde, Internode, 123–4, C1q and C4), 1, 409 128, 130 6, 8–9, 17–21, inclusion body Intra-laboratory 24–5, 29, 32–3, myopathy, 105 reference, 433 35–37, 42, 45 inclusion body Iron, , 299, 300, 301, IgA, 1, 6–7, 9, 19, myositis, 106 306, 325, 326 22, 25, 29–33, COX negative fibres iron deposition, 301 35–7, 45 in, 107 iron IgG, 1, 6, 8–10, filamentous overloading, 299 19–20, 24–5, inclusions in, 106 iron-overloaded 29–30, 32–3, pathological overlap mitochondria, 36–7, 42, 45 with MFM, 102 300, 301, 306 458 INDEX

Ischaemia Laminins lambda, 1, 9, 37, glomerular changes, in autophagic 41–2, 45 57, 63, (Figure on vacuoles with Light-chain deposition 65) sarcolemmal disease (LCDD), 37, Isospora, 181, 206, features (AVSF), 40–41 211, 212 109 limb deformity, 294 I. belli, 211, 212 LAMP-2 limb girdle muscular I. natalensis, 211 (Lysosomal dystrophy (LGMD) associated autophagic vacuoles Jacobsen syndrome, membrane protein in, 110 285–7 2), 110 caveolin, 3 in, 98 chromosome, 11, LAMP-2 deficiency lobulated fibres in 286 Danon disease, LGMD 2A, 108 α-granules in, 288 110 Limit of precision, 431 jaundice, 294, 301 Langerhans cell lipid, 91, 96, 157–60 junctional complex, granule, 156–7, 160 Lipofuscin, 138 159, 161 Langerhans cell Liver, 174, 345 granulomatosis, 160 lobulated fibres Kaolin worker’s Lecithin cholesterol in LGMD 2A, 108 pneumoconiosis, acyltransferase in Ullrich’s 325, 334 (LCAT) deficiency, congenital Kaolinite, 334 46–47 muscular Kaposi’s sarcoma, 160 leiomyoma, 158, 165, dystrophy, 108 Kartagener syndrome, 173, 175 LSDs, 237–7 222, 235 leiomyosarcoma, 158, age of onset, 239 karyolysis, 299 162, 165, 173 clinical karyoplasm, 295 Leishmania, 206, 212, manifestations, karyorrhexis, 299, 213 239 301, 306 L. donovani diseases, 237–7 KBTBD1 BTB/Kelch, complex, 213 mechanisms, 237, 100 Leprosy, 130, 135, 248 keratinocyte, 155, 165 147 morphological Kidney Transplant (see lepromatous findings, 239, Transplant Kidney) leprosy, 135, 137 247, 248, 249, Kimmelstiel, Wilson tuberculoid leprosy, 252, 257, 258, nodule, 9, 23, 33 135, 147 261 Kinetoplast, 212, 213 foam cells, 135 lumen 157, 159–62, Krabbe’s disease, 136, Leukoencephalopathy, 170, 171 137, 244, 249, 255 247 Lung cancer, 325, 327 lifespan, 293 Lymph nodes, 345 Laminations in GBM light chain deposits, 97 Lymph vessels, 117 (‘basket weave’ Light chains Lymphocytes, 120, appearance), 5, 13, kappa, 1, 7–9, 37, 125, 131, 133, 143, 20, 21 41–2, 45 174 INDEX 459

Lysosomal storage Marinesco-Sjogren Type I MCGN, 33 diseases (LSD), syndrome, 105 Type II MCGN 237–267 Maroteaux-Lamy (dense deposit acquired, 237, 239 syndrome, 241, 258 disease), 33–5 classification of, 238 Mast cell, 120, 121, Type III MCGN, EM diagnosis of, 145 35–6 239, 247, 248, matrix, 156 Mesangiocapillary 249, 252, 257–8, McArdle disease Glomerulonephritis, 261 GSD type V, 102 57, 61, 66–7 genetically inherited rhabdomyolysis in, Mesaxon, 121, 124 LSDs, 239–246 102 Mesothelioma, 324, major organs Megakaryocyte, 281, 325, 327 involved, 283 mesothelioma, 160, 240–246 melanin, 164, 166 171, 172, 173 mimics of, 239 melanocyte, 155 Metachromatic with osteopetrosis, melanosome, 155–7, leucodystrophy 238, 246 161, 165, 166 (MLD), 131, 136, Lysosome, 157, compound, 165, 166 137 159–62, 164, 164, lattice, 166 Metal-induced 165, 171, 301, 306 lattice-deficient, 165 diseases, 325, 335 function, 237 type II 165, 166 metaplasia, 156 primary, 164, 164, type III 165, 166 Methanol, 351, 363, 171, 174 type IV 165 371 secondary, 164, Membranous GN, Methylamine 164, 165, 166 25–29, 47 tungstate, 411 Lysosomes, 110, 120, Membranous Mica, 325, 334, 122, 136, 138 Nephropathy 335 in amiodarone de novo, 70, 72 Microcrystalline toxicity, 138 recurrent, 66, 70, cellulose, 338 in Pompes, 102, 103 (Figure on 71) micronucleus, 301, meningioma, 167 305 M Band, 94,95 Mesangial cell, 3–4, Microsporidia macrocytotic, 299 16–17, 34 transplant kidney, Macrophages, 120, Mesangial 74, 77–9, (Figure 130, 131, 138, 142, interposition, 16, on 81) 154, 157, 164–6, 33–4, 39 Microsporidia, 181, 170 Mesangial matrix, 196–206 Magnification 2–3, 5, 7, 12, 14, Microsporidial spore, verification, 446 17, 19, 22–3, 31, 33 196, 198, 199, 200 malignant melanoma, Mesangiocapillary Microsporidium, 205 155, 161, 164, 165, glomerulonephritis M. ceylonensis, 166, 169, 173, 176 (MCGN) (membra- 205 signet-ring cell, 161 noproliferative M. africanum, 205 Mannosidosis, 248 GN) microtubule, 159–61 460 INDEX microvilli, 157, ML IV, 238, 241, myelodysplastic 159–61, 171, 172, 248, 251 syndrome, 294 173 Mucopolysaccharidosis MYH7 actin filament core, (MPS), 240, 241, (myosin heavy chain 171, 173 250, 257, 258 gene defect in) in mesothelioma, multi minicore cores myopathies, 160, 171, 172 myopathy, 96, 104 104 rootlet, 171, 172, multinuclearity, 299 myosin 173 muscular dystrophy accumulation (in Microvillous Becker, 98 hyaline bodies), formation Duchenne, 98 100 (transformation in focal breaks in, or myoepithelioma, 160 text), 15, 17–18, loss of, myofibre 33 plasmalemma, 98 affect of physical Mineral fibers, 326, Mutations, 222–3, exertion on, 91 330 226, 228, 231, atrophy, 99 Minifascicle, 134 233–6 external lamina, 91, Minimal change Mycobacterium leprae, 96 disease, 15–17 135, 137 multilayering of, Mixed dust Myelin 97 pneumoconiosis, development, 120, hypercontraction, 325, 335 121 92101 Molluscum proteins, 120 hypotrophy, 96 contagiosum, 186, structure, lipid and glycogen 190 less dense content, factors Monoclonal (interperiod) line, affecting, 91, immunoglobulin 121, 15 95–6 deposition disease major dense line, necrosis, 101, 109 (MIDD), 37–40 121 regeneration, 99, Mononuclear cell, 279 periodicity, 121 108 Morquito syndrome, myelin diseases see type 240 Charcot-Marie- lipid and glycogen mucigen granule, 157, Tooth disease content, 95–6 161, 171 Myelin sheath, 117, proportion, 91 Mucolipidosis (ML), 155 myofibrillar 238, 241, 251 crenations myopathies, 102 ML I (sialidosis), mesaxon, 121, 124 autophagic vacuoles 241 internodal length, in, 110 ML II (I cell 121 αβ-crystallin, 102 disease), 241 internode, 123 BAG3, 102 ML III paranode, 121, desmin, 102 (pseudo-Hurler 123–4, 132, 147 FHL1, 102 polydystrophy), juxtaparanode, 123, filamin C, 102 241 132, 141 myotilin, 102 INDEX 461

rimmed vacuoles in, accumulation 159–61, 164, 171, 109 (hyaline bodies), 173, 174 ZASP 100 Neurofibromatosis, (Z-band loss, 99, 101 133, 142, 144 alternatively in acute Neuroma, 133, 134 spliced quadriplegic neuromuscular PDZ-motif myopathy, 100 junction, 94 protein), 102 in cap Neuron, 117, 170 myofibrils, 91, 94, 99 myopathy/‘cap motor, 117 contraction bands, disease’, 100 sensory, 117 92 in dermatomyosi- Neuronal ceroid disruption, 99, 104, tis, 100 lipofuscinosis (NCL 104 myotendinous or CLN), 245–6, loss of, 104 junction, 90, 94 257–9, 261 myofibroblast, 154, rods associated Neuropathy, see also 162, 165, 170, 171, with, 90 Axon, axonal 175 diseases myofibroblastoma, Nasal brush biopsies, perhexilene maleate, 154, 161 341 138 myofibrosarcoma, Nasal nitric oxide, paraproteinaemic, 173 223, 236 121, 132, 143, myofilaments, 158, NEB Nebulin, 95, 145 159, 161, 175, 176 100 polyglucosan body sarcomeric, 176 needle biopsy, 90 disease, 128 smooth-muscle, nemaline myopathy, toxic, 126 158–61, 173, 175 96, 99–100, 101 giant axonal myonuclear nemaline rods neuropathy membrane, 95 and myotendinous (GAN), 126 myonucleus, 95, 105 junction, 90 Niemann-Pick disease apoptosis, 105 in regenerat- (NP), 243, 248, 251 chromatin, 95, 105 ing/degenerating Node of Ranvier, 117, filamentous fibres, 99 121, 137 inclusions in, 105, nuclear, 99, 100 intercalated, 130, 106 sarcoplasmic, 99, 131 internal, 90, 95 100 juxtaparanode, 123, in Marinesco- Neoplastic potential, 132, 141 Sjogren syndrome, 187 nodal processes, 105 Nerve impulse, 117 122, 146 in normal muscle, conduction speed, paranode, 121, 123, 95 120 132, 147 myophosphorylase neuroblastoma, terminal loops, 126 deficiency 161 nodular fasciitis, 173 see McArdle disease neuroendocrine norepinephrine, 171, myosin, 95 granule, 157, 174 462 INDEX

Norovirus (see also Oropharyngeal cancer, Peripheral nervous Norwalk-like virus, 187 system (PNS), Small Round orthochromatic 121 Structured Virus, erythroblast, 295, peripheral SRSV), 184, 189 296, 297, 299 neuroectodermal Nosema, 204 Orthomyxovirus, 183 tumour, 159, 167 N. ocularum, 204 Orthopoxviruses, 186, Peritubular Capillary N. sp., 204 187, 190, 191, 193 false reduplication Notch, 3, 269–71 osmium tetroxide, of basal lamina, nuclear envelope, 295, 156 60, (Figure on 61) 297 Oxytalan fibres, 122, transplant nuclear membrane, 125, 144 glomerulopathy, 295, 297 58–60, (Figure on nuclear pore, 295, Papillomavirus, 185, 59) 297, 297 187, 190 phaeochromocytoma, nucleolus, 158, 161, Papovavirus, 187, 190 171, 174 163, 295 Paramesangium, 34 pinocytotic vesicle, rope-like, 161 Paramyxovirus, 183 159 nucleus (double), 299, Parapoxviruses, 190, pituitary adenoma, 301, 302 192 171 nucleus, 158 Particle measurement, plasmalemma, 91, 97, perinuclear cisterna, 414 97 158 Parvovirus, 189 caveoli in, 98, 98 passive system, 400 focal loss or breaks oculopharyngeal Pathology report, 432, in, 98, 98 muscular dystrophy, 444, 446 vacuole fusion with, 105–106 Pauci-immune 109 oculopharyngodistal glomerulonephritis, Plasmodium, 206 myopathy, 106 18–19 Platelet, 277–289 oligocilium, 173 PCD, 222–6, 228–9, Platelet receptors oligodendroglioma, 231–4 Glycoprotein 161 PEComa, see tumour, 1b-IX-V complex, oncocytoma, 161, 162 perivascular 277 Onion bulb, 133, 134, epithelioid cell Glycoprotein 147 Pericytes, 270, Integrin αIIbβ3 basal laminal onion 273–274 complex, 277 bulbs, 134, 135, Perineuriosis, 133, 140 Platelet rich plasma, 148 Perineurium, 117, 133, 279 open biopsy, 90 134, 135, 141, Platelets, 368 Open canalicular 142–3 Plectin, 95 system (OCS), 283 periodic paralysis Pleistophora Orf (contagious t-tubules in, 108 ronneafiei, 203 pustular dermatitis), tubular aggregates Pleural diseases, 190, 192 in, 109 324 INDEX 463

PNET, see peripheral Post-infectious Pseudoclumps, 413 neuroectodermal glomerulonephritis Pseudocowpox, 190 tumour (PIGN), 6, 29–31 Pseudo-Hurler Pneumoconiosis, 325, Post-Transplant polydystrophy, 238, 331, 334, 338 Nephrotic 241 Pneumocystis, 181, Syndrome, 56, 82 Pycnodysostosis, 246 195, 196 Poxviruses, 183, 185, PYGM P. jiroveci, 195, 196 187 myophosphorylase P. carinii, 195 Preparatory gene in McArdle Podocytes, 3–4, 15, techniques, 324, disease, 102 17–18, 25–6, 46 331, 333, 335, 337 effacement (fusion), preservation, 156, Quantitative 15 158, 174 measurement, normal Primary ciliary 432–4, 437, poikilocyte, 299 dyskinesia, 222–3, 439–441, 443–446 polyacrylamide gel 234–6 electrophoresis, process, 155, 157, Rare earth 301 159–61, 170, 171, pneumoconiosis, polychromatic 172, 295 325, 338 erythroblast, 299, interdigitating, 160 Recombinant virus 300, 302, 303, 305 microvillous, see capsids, 185 polyglucosan, 102, microvilli Recurrent preterm 103 spinous, 160 premature rupture Polygucosan bodies proerythroblast, 294, of fetal membrane (PGB), 128 see also 295, 301 syndrome, 319, polygucosan body Progressive massive 320 disease fibrosis, 332, 334, Recurrent Primary polymyositis, 105 336 Kidney Disease Polyomavirus, 183, Progressive multifocal adenosine 185, 187 leucoencephalopa- phosphoribosyl Pompe disease thy (PML), transferase GSD type II, 102, 185 deficiency, 69 103 Prokaryotic amyloidosis, 67 lysosomes in organisation, 191 ANCA-mediated vacuolar proliferation, 293, disease, 68 myopathy, 110 299 anti-GBM disease, rimmed vacuoles in, Promastigote, 212 68 109 protein aggregate C3 nephropathy, 69 Pompe disease myopathies, 100 complement factor (glycogen storage protocol for MW, H-related protein, disease type II), 244, 387–9 5 nephropathy 69 257 Protozoa, 181, 206 to cryoglobulinaemia, Post mortem changes, 213 69 346 protrusion, 295 cystinosis, 69 464 INDEX

Recurrent Primary thrombotic Ribonucleoprotein, Kidney Disease microangiopathy, 183 (continued) 67 rimmed vacuoles, 106, diabetic glomeru- thrombotic throm- 109 losclerosis, 66, bocytopaenic ring fibres, 101–102 72 purpura, 69 rippling muscle disease Fabry disease, 68 reducing bodies, 111, Caveolin, 3 in, 98 fibrillary/ 112 Rosenthal fibre, 159 immunotactoid Refsum disease, 140 ryanodine receptor, 96 glomerulonephri- Reich granules, 120, RYR, 1 Ryanodine tis, 68 122, 136, 129 receptor gene in core fibronectin Remak fibre, 121, 124, myopathies, 104 glomerulopathy, 137, 138, 138, 140 69 abnormalities, 128, S100 protein, 165 focal segmental 135 Safety cabinet, 409 glomerulosclero- Remyelination, 130, Salla disease, 238, 246 sis, 66, 69, (Figure 132, 133, 137 Sandhoff disease, 242, on 70) Renal laminopathy, 248 haemolytic uraemic 432 Sanfillipo syndrome, syndrome, 67 Renal transplants, 12, 240 Henoch-Schonlein 42, 43 Sapovirus, 183, 184, purpura, 68 Renaut body, 122, 188 IgA nephropathy, 125, 142, 144 Sarcoglycans 66, 71 Reovirus, 189 in autophagic lecithin-cholesterol reproductive tract, vacuoles with acyltransferase 171 sarcolemmal deficiency, 68 rER, see rough features (AVSF), membranous endoplasmic 109 nephropathy, 66, reticulum Sarcoidosis, 325, 330, 70, (Figure on 71) Resin infiltration, 331, 332, 333, 337 mesangiocapillary 349–352 sarcolemma, 96, 98 glomerulonephri- Resins, 349–352, 362, costamere, 95 tis (types I, II & 370, 376 in atrophic fibres, 96 III) 66–7 reticulocyte, 299, 306 distinguishing monoclonal Retrovirus, 183 from immunoglobulin rhabdomyoblast, 162, hypotrophic deposition 176 fibres, 96 disease, 67 rhabdomyoma, 167, in autophagic oxalosis, 69 176 vacuoles with sickle cell rhabdomyosarcoma, sarcolemmal nephropathy, 69 173, 176 features (AVSF), systemic lupus rheumatoid arthritis 109 erythematosus, capillaries in, 97 in myotendinous 67 Rheumatoid factor, 45 junctions, 90, 94 INDEX 465

in neuromuscular Sectioning technique, Sjogren’s disease, junctions, 94 352–363 111 in normal muscle, seminoma, 161 skeinoid fibre, 160 91 semithin sections, 91 Smallpox (Variola), sarcomere, 157, 176, SEPN1 selenoprotein 1 186, 190 177 core myopathies smooth endoplasmic sarcomeres, 94–5 gene defect in reticulum, 156, 157, sarcoplasm, 95 (multiminicore 159, 160, 301, 304 sarcoplasmic myopathy), 104 Sodium channels, see reticulum, 95, 96 Septata (synonym for channels, sodium swelling Encephalito- Sperm, 221, 231–3, (artefact), 91, 93 zoon)intestinalis, 235–6, 368 in tubular aggregate 201 splenomegaly, 294 formation, 108 Septate junctions, 123 Spontaneous cervical satellite cells, 95 sER, see smooth artery dissection Schaumann body, 331 endoplasmic syndrome, 317 Schindler, 243 reticulum Staining, 348, 349, Schmidt-Lanterman SERCA 356–366, 370–379 incisures, 121, 124, sarcoendoplasmic Standard error of 133, 146, 147 reticulum calcium mean (SEM), 440, Schwann cell (SC), ATPase, 108 441–2, 445 117, 120, 138, 138, serous granule, 157 STED-microscopy, 143 Sialidosis, 241, 248 402 basal lamina, 120, sideroblast, 301 Storage disorders, 15, 121, 126, 144 Siderosis, 325 46 flattened sheets, siderosome, 160, 301 Subperineurial 128, 129 signet-ring cell oedema, 143 nodal processes see lymphoma, 161 surfactant, 171 node of Ranvier SIL1 Swiss cheese-like, 295, plasma membane and Marinesco- 296 (plasmalemma), Sjogren syndrome, synovial sarcoma, 159 121, 128 105 Systemic Lupus regenerating, 142 Silicate Erythematosus Schwann cell/axon pneumoconiosis, (SLE), 11, 36–7, networks, 138, 141 325, 333, 335 111 Schwannoma, 155, Silicatosis, See Silicate systems pathology, 164, 165, 170 pneumoconiosis 384 scleroderma, 111 Silicone, 338 sclerosing epithelioid Silicoproteinosis, 332, Talcosis, 325, 334, fibrosarcoma, 163, 336 339 164 Silicosis, 325, 331, Tangier disease, 136 section, 158, 162 333, 335, 337 target fibres, 105 semi-thin, 158 Silicotic nodule, targeted therapy, 384 Sectioning, 435 332–6 Tay-Sachs, 247 466 INDEX

Teased fibres, 130, 147 Trachipleistophora, inconclusive processing, 118, 119 199, 202 diagnosis by LM thalassaemia, 299 T. hominis, 199, and/or IM, 56, 80 Thin basement 202 indications for membrane disease T. anthropophthera, transmission (TBMD), 21–2 202 electron Thin sectioning of transdifferentiation, microscopy, 56 virus-infected cells 156 infection, 56, 74 or tissues, 414 Transplant interstitial fibrosis, Thioflavin, 8 Glomerulopathy 56 Thrombocytopaenia, differential, 61 mechanical 279 glomerular obstruction, 56 Thrombotic basement neoplasia, 56, 83 microangiopathy membrane, 57, post-transplant (TMA), 24–25 (Figure on 58) nephrotic transplant kidney, insudate, 60, (Figure syndrome, 56, 81 57, 59, 62, 67, 74, on 62) pyelonephritis, 56 83, (Figure on 63) peritubular recurrent primary Thrombotic capillary, 57, disease, 56–7, 62, thrombocytopaenic (Figure on 59) 64–72 purpura (TTP), subendothelial reflux nephropathy, 24 lucency, 57, 56 Tight junction, 121, (Figure on 58) renal biopsy, 56 133, 170 ultrastructural reperfusion injury, Titin features, 57–61 56 TNNT 1 slow Transplant Kidney thrombosis, 56 troponin T1 in acute rejection, 56 transplant nemaline myopathy, acute tubular glomerulopathy, 100 necrosis, 56 56–64 Tomacula, 147 arteriolar hyalinosis, tubulointerstitial tonofibril, 155–61, 72, 83, (Figure nephritis, 56 167, 168, 169, 171, 84) vascular rejection, 173 calcineurin inhibitor 81, (Figure on 82) Toxoplasma, 206 toxicity, 63, 67, vascular sclerosis, TPM2 β-tropomyosin 73–4, 83, (Figure 56 in nemaline on 84) Tremolite, 324, 325, myopathy, 100 de novo glomerular 326, 327, 333 in ‘cap disease’, disease, 56–7, 65, Triad, 222 100 70, 72–4 triads, 94, 96, 97, 112 TPM3 α-tropomyosin donor-related Trichomonas 206 in nemaline disease, 56, 74 Trichrome stain myopathy, 100 hyperacute rejection, (modified), 197 in ‘cap disease’, 56 Trophoderma 100 hypertension, 56 whippleii, 193 INDEX 467

Trypanosoma, 206, juxtaglomerular-cell, features (AVSF), 212 160 109–110 t-tubules, 95, 96, 108 Leydig-cell, 160 in necrotic fibres, confusion with lipid malignant rhabdoid, 109 droplets, 109 160 in Pompe disease, swollen by fixation Merkel cell, 160 103, 110 delay, 93 myomelanocytic, rimmed, 109 swollen, in necrotic 154, 165 Variation, 434–436, fibres, 109 osteoblastic, 158 438, 440, 444 t-system networks, Type 1 dermal Varicella zoster, 190 108 dendrocyte, 309 Vascular dissection, tubular aggregates, 317, 320 108 Vascular pole, 2–4 Ullrich congenital and Vascular smooth muscular dystrophy sarcoendoplasmic muscle cells, 270 lobulated fibres in, reticulum calcium Vasculitis, 127, 131, 108 ATPase (SERCA) 133, 138, 143 Ultracentrifugation, expression, 108 Vesicle fluid, 409, 410 410 in familial vesicle, 295 Uncertainty of myasthenia, 109 vessel, 162, 170 measurement (UM), in periodic paralysis, vimentin, 158, 168, 431, 433, 437, 440, 109 169 442–7 Tubules, 5, 7–11, 37, Viral gastroenteritis, uranaffin reaction, 40, 43–5 181, 183, 188 171, 174 proximal, 4, 16 Virus Urine samples (‘early Tubulinosema, 204 BK virus in morning’), 183, 184, Tubuloreticular bodies transplant kidney, 410 (TRBs) or 74–8, (Figures on Tubuloreticular 76, 77 and 78) inclusions (TRIs), vacuolation, 299 cytomegalovirus in 12, 14, 39 vacuole, 161–2, 299 transplant kidney, tubuloreticular vacuoles, 109 75, (Figure on 79) inclusions, 105, 111, autophagic, 109 hepatitis C virus in 160 in autophagic transplant kidney, tumour, 153–158, vacuolar 57, 61, 66 162, 169, 167, 171, myopathy varicella zoster virus 176 (childhood), 110 in transplant chondroblastic, in autophagic kidney (Figure on 158 vacuolar 80) fibroblastic, 154 myopathy Virus artefacts, 191 granular-cell, 160, (infantile), 110 Virus factory, 187, 164, 164, 165 in autophagic 193 granulosa-cell, 160, vacuoles with Virus morphology, 167 sarcolemmal 183 468 INDEX

Vittaforma corneae, Wallerian ZASP Z-band 200, 204 degeneration, 126 alternatively spliced Vittaforma-like see also axon PDZ motif protein, species, 205 degeneration 102 VMA21 wax, 156, 176 Z-disk, 176, 177 gene defect in X-linked Weibel-Palade body Zebra bodies, 46 myopathy with 156, 162 Zebra body myopathy, excessive autophagia Welder’s 101 abnormal pneumoconiosis, actin masses in, accumulation of 336 100–101 lysosomes, 110 Whipple’s disease, zymogen granule, 171 von Willebrand disease 194 α, 1, 4glucosidase (VWD) Winter vomiting deficiency GP1b-IX-V gene disease, 183, 189 see Pompe PT-VWD gene Wolman disease, 243, α-Actinin, 94,99 platelet VWD, 288 252, 256 α-mannosidosis, 248 Type 2B VWD, 288, α-quartz, 327, 331, 289 X-linked disease, 20 333 von Willebrand factor X-linked myopathy β-mannosidosis, 247 (VWF), 278, 282, with excessive in normal muscle, 283 autophagia 95 immunogold (XMEA), 110 labelling of, 282, xylene, 156 289 Z line streaming, 99, Waldenstrom’s¨ 104 macroglobuli- Z line, 94 naemia, thickness, 95, 99, 132 100