Document of The World Bank
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized
ReportNo. P-3767-BEN/TO
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
OF THE PRESIDENT
OF THE
INTERNATIONALDEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION Public Disclosure Authorized TO THE
EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS
ON A
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT OF SDR 14.1 MILLION (US$15 MILLION E(
TO THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BENIN
AND A Public Disclosure Authorized
PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT OF SDR 14.1 MILLION (US$15 MILLION EQUIVALENT)
TO THE
REPUBLIC OF TOGO
FOR THE
NANGBETOHYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
Public Disclosure Authorized June 1, 1984
This documenthas a restricteddistribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performanceof their official duties. Its contents may not otherwisebe disclosed without World Bank authorization. CURRENCYEQUIVA:LENTS
Currency Unit - CFA Franc (CFAF) 1/ US$1.00 - CFAF 418 CFAF 1,000 U'S$2.39 (The Staff Appraisal Report is based on US$1 = CFAF 392)
FISCAL YEARS;
Governments January 1 - December 31 CEB : January 1 - December 31 CEET October 1 - September 30 SBEE : January 1 - Decem',ber31
ABBREVIATIONSAND ACRONYMS
GOB - Government of Benin GOT - Government of Togo CEB - Communaute Electrique du Benin CEET - Compagnie Energie Electrique du Togo CIMAO - Ciments de 1'Afrique de l'Ouest CTL - Centrale Thermique de Lome FAC - Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation OTP - Office Togolaise des Phosphates SBEE - Societe Beninoise d'Electricite et d'Eau SNI - Societe Nationale d'Investissements SNS - Soci't'eNationale de Siderurgie VRA - Volta River Authority (Ghana) WAPSI - West Africa Power System InterconrLection
MEASURESAND EQUIVALENTS
Kilogram (kg) = 2.2 pounds meter (m) 39.37 inches Kilometer (km) = 0.62 miles Kilovolt (kY) = 1,000 volts Kilowatt (kW) = 1,000 watts Megawatt (MW) 1,000 kilowatts (kW) Gigawatt hour (GWh) = 1 million ki:Lowatt hours (kWh) Ton Crude Oil Equivalent (TOE) = 7 bbl of crude oil One barrel (bbl) = 0.16 cu'bic meters
1/ The CFA Franc (CFAF) is tied to the French Franc (FF) in the ratio of FF 1 to CFAF 50. The French Franc is currently floating. FOROFFICIAL USE ONL!Y
BENIN-TOGO
NANGBETO HYDROELECTRICPROJECT
CREDIT AND PROJECT SUMMARY
Borrowers: People's Republic of Benin; Republic of Togo
Beneficiaries: CommunauteElectricLue du Benin (CEB) CompagnieEnergie Electrique du Togo (CEET) Soci'eteBeninoise d'Electricit6et d'Eau (SBEE)
Amounts: SDRs 14.1 mil:Lion(US$15 million equivalent)to each country
Terms: Standard
Relending Terms: The two Goveramentswould relend to CEB US$18.6 million equivalent of the credits at the prevailingBank interest rate for 24 years including four years of grace; CEB would bear the foreign exchange risk. The remainingamount would be made available *tothe three power entities in the form of grant as follows:
(i) CEB (US$8.6million) to finance the environmental/healthcomponents, studies, technical assistanceand training;and
(ii) CEET/SBEE (US$1.4 million each) to finance technical assistanceand training.
Co-lenders: A consortiumof co-financierswould provide about US$84 million equivalent towards project costs.
Project Description: The proposed project would:
(i) help to minimize the long-term cost of electricity supply in Benin and Togo;
(ii) provide hydropower (63 MW) and energy (about 150 GWh annually)to help meet increaseddemand for electricity and reduce fuel costs and improve CEB's interconnected system operation;
(iii) strengthen power sector institutions in both countries and, in particular,CEB's co-ordinatingrole and the sectors' capability in planning,engineering, management and financialoperations; and
(iv) improve sector efficiency through technical assistance and a joint training program.
This document has a restricteddistribution and may be used by recipientsonly in the performance of their officialduties. Its contents may not otherwise be disclosed without World Bank authorization. - L1 -
The proposed project comprises: (a) the Nangbeto hydroelectric development, and associated transmission, together with related engineering and other services; (b) studies of the feasibility of a future hydro electric project (Adjarala) and load dispatching arrangements; (c) technical assistance and (d) training.
Risks: There are no unusual phys:ical or technical risks in constructing the proposed hydroelectric facilities; the political risk arising from the binational nature of the proposed project is minimal because of the history of co-operation, through the establishment of CEB, in the power sectors of Benin and Togo.
Estimated Cost: a/ Local Foreign Total ------(US$ Million) ------Equivalent
Hydroelectric development 6.2 58.3 64.5 Transmission 1.8 10.4 12.2 Resettlement and Environment 4.8 5.6 10.4 Engineering and Project Management 2.0 8.3 10.3 Studies 0.1 1.3 1.4 Technical Assistance 0.3 2.1 2.4 Training 0.2 2.4 2.6 Base Cost 15.4 88.4 103.8 Contingencies: Physical 1.3 6.2 7.5 - Price 2.0 13.7 15.7
Total Project Cost 18.7 108.3 127.0 Interest during construction 1.9 10.7 12.6
Total Financing Required 210.6 119.0 139.6
Financing Plan: Iocal Foreign Total ------(US$ Million) ------
IDA 0.1 29.9 30.0 Co-financiers 5.4 78.3 83.7 CEB 15.1 10.8 b/ 25.9
Total 20.6 119.0 139.6
a/ Project expenditures are exempt from taxes and duties. b/ Interest during construction. - iii
Estimated Disbursements:
IDA FY 85 86 87 88 89
Annual 7.6 9.4 8.0 3.0 2.0 Cumulative 7.6 17.0 25.0 28.0 30.0
Rate of Return:
The equalizing discount rate, when Nangbeto is compared to the next best (thermal) alternative, is about 14%. The rate of return, based on the real economic cost of capital and projected tariffs, is about 10%.
Staff Appraisal Report: No. 4839-BEN/TO
Maps: IBRD 16534 - West Africa Electricity Interconnection Study. IBRD 17684 - Benin/Togo Electric System.
INTERNATION7AL DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION OF THE PRESIDENT TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS ON A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENTCREDIT TO THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF BENIN AND A PROPOSED DEVELOPMENT CREDIT TO THE REPUBLIC OF TOGO FOR THE NANGBETO HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT
1. I submit the following report and recommendationon a proposed DevelopmentCredit to the People's Republic of Benin for SDR 14.1 million (US$15 equivalent),and to the Republic of Togo for SDR 14.1 million (US$ 15 million equivalent),to help finance the Nangbeto HydroelectricProject. The Credits would be made on standard IDA terms. Out of the proceeds of the two Credits, US$18.6 million equivalent would be re-lent by the Governments to the CommunauteElectrique du Benin (CEB) for twenty four years including four years of grace at the prevailing Bank interest rate. The remaining amount (US$11.4 million equivalent)would be made available to CEB and the two national entities in the form of grant as follows: US$8.6 million equivalent to CEB and US$1.4 million each to SB3EEand CEET. Additional financing for the project is being provided on various terms and conditionsby the Arab Bank for Economic Developmentin Africa (US$10 million), Kuwait Fund (US$20 million), the African Development Bank (US$6.9 million), OPEC Special Fund (US$ 8 million), KreditanstaltfUr Wiederaufbau(US$16.6 million), the Caisse Centrale de Cooperation Economique (US$10.7 million), the Canadian International Development Agency (US$9.2 million), the United Nations Development Program (US$0.8 million), the Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation (US$1.5 million) and CEB (US$25.9 million).
PART I - THE ECONOMY
BENIN
2. An economic report on Benin (ReportNo. 4686-BEN), dated March 15, 1984 was distributedto the Executive Directors in April 1984. The paragraphs below are based upon this report and other informationthat has since become available. Annex I provides basic country data.
Introduction
3. After independencein 1960, a period of instabilitycharacterized by frequent changes in Government prevaileduntil the revolution in 1972, which brought to power the military Government of Lieutenant-ColonelKerekou.
4. The country has since then enjoyed a comparativelylong period of political stability under a one-party system. Followingthe adoption of a new Constitution,President Kerekou was confirmed in 1980 and he now heads a Government composed mainly of civilians. -2-
Structure of the Economy
5. Benin remains a small, poor nation with a population of 3.5 million and an estimated 1982 GDP per capita of US$280. Agriculture, the most important sector of the economy, employs three-fourths of the active population and accounts for 40 percent of G])P and 36 percent of foreign exchange earnings. The agricultural sector is predominantly foodorop oriented, producing maize, sorghum, yams, cassava, beans and small quantities of rice. Benin, at present, enjoys an overall food surplus; it is estimated that a significantportion of domestic foodcrop output (perhaps as much as 20 percent) is exported unofficiallyto Nigeria and Niger. This offsets Benin's foodgrain imports which have been rising in recent years. The main export crops are palm oil, cotton and peanuts. Cotton, which is well-suited environmentallyto conditionsin northern Benin, is rising in importancewhile oil palm in the south is in relative decline, owing to insufficient rainfall. There is a small industrial sector consisting of a few import substitution and agricultural processing plants. It contributed an estimated 11 percent to GDP in 1982. The production of petroleum, cement and sugar which have significant export potential began recently. For cement and sugar, however, major marketing hurdleswill need to be cleared to permit export sales to take place, particularlyto Nfigeria. The tertiary sector is dominated by trade and transit activities that link economic activity in Benin to conditions existing in neighboringeconomies.
Recent Economic Developments
6. Real GDP growth over the 1978 to 1982 period averaged five percent per annum, up substantiallyfrom the 0.7 percent annual trend during 1972-76. Growth appears to have been particularlystrong in 1977, 1981, and 1982 when there were sharp increases in construction, manufacturing, trade activity and public administration. I'hisgrowth was linked to the heavy public investment program and to strong growth of commercial activities due to the oil "boom" in Nigeria and the uranium "boom" in Niger. Agriculture, on the other hand, has consistently grown less than one percent per annum over the last ten years. Since 1982, however, cotton production has risen sharply due to higher producer prices and increased availability of modern inputs.
7. During the mid-seventies,the Government expanded its presence in the modern sector of the economy by nationalizirLgthe major industrial enterprises as well as extendingits involvementin the agriculturalsector. The First DevelopmentPlan (1977-1980)took this thrust further with investmentin three large projects: Seme Petroleum, Save Sugar and Onigbolo Cement. This policy of greater Government involvementhas determiinedthe course of the recent evolutionof public finance, external debt and external balance.
8. Until the late seventies,the Government maintained a conservative public finance posture. Tight control over expenditureresulted in current budget surpluses,which averaged 31 percent of revenues between 1977 and 1979. Modest foreign borrowing financed the!limited public investment program. However, more recently, the public:finance current surplus has been declining, partially because of rising current expenditures, about three- fourths of which are wages and salaries. The other factor contributing to - 3 - this decline is the recently weakened revenue base. Over half of the public revenues are derived from impoit duties, of which a significantproportion is levied on imports (officiallyor unofficially)re-exported to Nigeria and Niger. The downturn in economic activities in these neighboringcountries has reduced demand and limited the inflow of taxable goods that transit through Benin.
9. Public enterprisefinancing also poses a problem for Government. Two-thirds of the 60 public enterprisesin Benin are in financial difficulties. Losses have been financed by the state-ownedbanks, rather than through transfersfrom the budget. As many of these advances cannot now be repaid, the Government,either as shareholderor as banker, will have to cover these deficits. Public enterprisedifficulties have stemmed from poor initial project design, undercapitalization,inexperienced business management, inadequateGovernment pricing and personnel policies,and other inefficiencies. In 1982, the Government announced a series of measures to strengthen the public enterprises, including more realistic pricing policies, better incentives for managers and workers, tougher controls, and the liquidationof non-viable units- A program is now being prepared to support these decisions.
10. In the external sector, the growth of exports has been modest while imports have grown rapidly, mainly because of capital imports associated with the major public investments. In 1981, the resulting current account deficit reached 34 percent of GDP as the investment ratio reached 35 percent of GDP. Financing came mainly from external loans, principally supplier credits and long-term official lending.
Policy Changes and Future Prospects
11. Confronted by these problems, the Government has begun to take measures to lay the foundation for growth. Agricultural producer prices have been raised and input subsidies are being eliminated in a planned fashion. Major reforms have been decided in the pricing, personnel and management policies affectingthe public enterprises,and some marginal enterpriseshave been closed. The Government has sought to strengthen its ability to manage its public finances,including external debt and to improve planning functions. Meanwhile, Government'sdirect involvementin productive activitieswill be gradually reduced and private capital will be accorded a greater role in the developmentprocess. These policy changes, which are reflectedin the new medium-termDevelopment Plan (1983-87)should lay the basis for more vigorous growth in the longer-term.
12. However, Benin's growth performanceover the medium-termwill be limited by several constraintswhich make it unlikely that GDP will grow by more than an average of three to four percent per year during the 1982-90 period, even taking account of Seme oil output. Key constraintsare the slowdown in demand in neighboringcountries and the poor initial performance of the cement and sugar projects.
13. The public finance situationis likely to remain difficult in the years ahead due to the recurrentcost implicationsof recent major investments,the need to re-financea number of public enterprises,and the - 4 -
external debt problem. On the revenue side, the buoyancy in import duties over the last few years associatedwith goods re-exportedto neighboring countries is not likely to continue in the mid-1980s. The exploitationof Seme oil is not expected to make even a modest net contributionto fiscal resourcesuntil 1986. Import duties, however, are projected to continue providingslightly over half of total Central Government revenues.
14. Benin's balance of payments is difficult to project because of the large size of unrecorded exports. It is estimated, however, that the current account deficit in relation to GDP will decrease during the rest of the 1980s. This results from expected new exports of'petroleum, cement and sugar by 1985 and from a decline in the reaL value of capital imports from the high levels of 1981-82, following completion of the cement and sugar projects. The foreign borrowings that financed the three recent industrialprojects raised the stock of debt outstandingrapidly and, with it, debt service obligations. As a result of a more modest Level of public investment,fewer loans will be required in the near-term. Therefore, debt service ratios should begin to stabilize, although at a higher level than in the past. After having risen from seven percent of exports in 1981 to 24 percent in 1982, the debt service ratio is projected to remain at: about the 25 percent level through 1990. The Government is considering seeking reschedulingof part of the debt service obligations, having already agreed on the rescheduling of the first two maturities of the S6me loans. If some of these payments are renegotiated, the debt service ratio will be lower in the years immediately ahead. To address the financial disequilibrium in general, the Beninese authorities have begun a dialogue with the IMF with the hope that this will result in an IMF-supported stabilization program.
15. Benin remains a very poor coLntry with large needs for productive investment and supporting infrastructure. IThe heavy debt burden constrains future access to commercialloans. The Gove!rnmenthas recognizedthe need to mobilize increased concessionalfinancing from bilateral and multilateral sources, as reflectedin the donors' Round Tlableconvened in March 1983. In view of Benin's poverty and the inability of'public savings to finance more than five to ten percent of the future public investment program, the country will continue to need foreign financing on eoft terms. Foreign donors should provide a large share of total project costs, including, if possible, the financingof local costs.
TOGO
16. An economic report entitled "Togo: Country Economic Memorandum" (3416-TO) was distributed to the Executive Directors in January 1982. Its assessment of the country'seconomic prospects, updated by recent Bank missions, is reflectedin the followingparagraphs. Annex I provides basic country data.
Introduction
17. Togo is a small country (56,000km 2) with a population of about 2.7. million and a per capita GNP of US$380 (1981). Phosphate mining is the principal source of foreign exchange earnings, accounting for more than 40 percent of export revenues in recent years, and receipts from phosphates currently represent about 17 percent of Government revenues. Political stability has prevailed since 1967, when General Eyadema became President after a military coup. The Governmenthas gradually become civilian. Togo's external policy favors regional and internationalcooperation.
Recent Economic Developments
18. Slow growth and increasing financial disequilibriahave been the main features of the Togolese economy since the late 1970s. The slow growth representsa decelerationfrom historical growth trends, and is the result of poor performanceby many state enterprisesand a persistentstagnation or decline in the prices and quantities of exports. The 1974/75 boom in world phosphate prices contributedto a substantialincrease in export earnings and Government revenues,and prompted the Government to adopt an ambitious DevelopmentPlan for 1976-80. Real GDP was growing at about 11 percent when it reached a peak in 1978, but declined by 4 percent in 1979. It grew only about 1 percent in 1980 and 1981 and declinedagain in 1982 and 1983. The resource gap widened significantlythrough 1978 as expendituresoutpaced production. Gross domestic investment rose sharply to exceed 50 percent of GDP in 1978, but declined to an estimated 15 percent in 1982 and 1983, as fiscal constraintsnecessitated a cutback.
19. The primary sector accounts for about 26 percent of GDP, but employs 80 percent of the labor force. Growth has been limitedby inadequate investment,insufficient price incentives,and occasionaldroughts. Though food self-sufficientin years of normal rainfall,Togo was forced to seek 3,000 tons of food aid in 1983 because of a drought which affectedWest Africa in 1982 and 1983. As a result of the drought, coffee production fell substantially,but cocoa fared better than expected,and cotton productionwas the least affected.
20. The secondary sector accounts for about 20 percent of GDP, with most industrialdevelopment conducted by state enterprises. The recent growth in this sector is attributableto phosphate rock productionwhich, however, has suffered from dramatic swings in prices and demand during the period 1974-80 and a depressed world market since 1980. Large investments in industrial projects following the 1974/75 boom in phosphate prices have failed to contribute to an increase in GI)P,because of the low or occasionallynegative value-addedrealized by several of the new industrialunits.
21. The tertiary sector accounts for about 54 percent of GDP. Togo has traditionallyserved as a regional trading center with an open-doorpolicy and private investors have tended to favor commerce, real estate and financial services over industrial ventures. A rapid increase in public services led to a growth in government employment from 22,500 in 1975 to 37,000 in 1978; however, financialproblems necessi-tated restraint from 1979 on.
Public Finance
22. In 1975, current revenues of the Government nearly doubled to CFAF 33 billion as revenue from phosphatestripled from CFAF 4 to 12 billion. In - 6 -
1976, the first year of the third Five-Year Plan, the Governmentembarked upon an expansionaryprogram just when the phosphatemarket weakened. However, while phosphateprices fell, demand and output rose, and -- supplementedby higher import duty receipts -- current revenue continue to rise. Although current expenditures also increased rapidly,mainly due to a rising wage bill, a sizeable surplus was left to finance both investment and debt service until 1978 when debt service obligations became overwhelming.
23. Public investment(in current prices) of the administration,state enterprisesand agencies increasedfrom CFAF 30 billion in 1975 to CFAF 88 billion in 1978, but fell again to about CFAF 30 billion in 1983. Although the 1976-80 Development Plan had placed more emphasis on rural development than previous plans, during implementation major shortfalls were experienced for this category while more expenditures than planned were devoted to infrastructure, tourism and industry.
24. Several new state enterpriseswere created during the 1970's. Many of these proved unprofitableand their debt servicehad to be assumed by the Treasury. The debt service burden quickly became unmanageableand, between 1977 and 1982, a total of about CFAF 60 billion in external arrears accummulated. State enterprises,which in the past received no explicit budgetary subsidies, also accumulateddomestic arrears vis-a-vis the banking system and public utility companies. In 1979, Togo negotiated a standby arrangementwith the IMF and debts due in 1979/80were rescheduled,but a second standby arrangementhad to be abandonedwhen, as a result of a decline in revenues in 1981, the Government failed to meet its rescheduleddebt service obligations.
25. In 1983 the Government adopted a stringentfinancial stabilization program and reached agreementwith the IMF on a 13-monthstandby arrangement. As part of this program, the Government adopted tax and customs reforms, increased the rates charged by some public utilities, limited civil service hiring and salary increases, curtailedpublic investmentsand extra- budgetaryexpenditures, and reduced both internal and external arrears. Performanceunder the IMF program has been satisfactoryand a program for 1984/85 is now being prepared. Debt dcuein 1983 was rescheduledin mid-1982 but debt service still represented43 percent of governmentrevenues and 45 percent of exports.
StructuralAdjustment
26. In parallel with the IMF financial stabilizationprogram, the Governmenthas undertaken a structuraladjustment program with IDA financial assistance. The main elements of this program include: (a) rehabilitationof viable state enterprisesand closure and/or liquidationof non-viable entities; (b) greater emphasis on rural development,on the promotion of both traditionalexports and foodcrops;and on the defLnition of appropriateprice and marketing policies for both types of crops; (c) promotion of the mining industry through diversificationand increasedvaLue-added; (d) encouragement of private investment in small and medium-scaleenterprises; (e) development of energy resources;and (f) improvementsin macroeconomicmanagement. The structuraladjustment is in general making good progress on agriculturepolicy formulationand investmentplanning, although some delays have been encounteredin meeting certain targets. Perhaps the boldest actions in the context of SAC have been in the area of state enterpriseswhere some uneconomic units have been closed down and others are being privatizedin an effort to improve their performance. Overall, Government'scommitment to the program thus remains strong. Nevertheless,the financialsituation of Togo is still precarious. In 1983, debt service after reschedulingrepresented 43 percent of government revenues and 45 percent of exports. Even with annual debt rescheduling,debt service will remain a serious burden for the rest of the decade. Continued support from the Bank and the IMF will be essential.
Prospects
27. In the 1984-90 period, the outlook is for average annual real GDP growth of about three to four percent. The pursuit of less expansionary policies is expected to lead to a substantiallysmaller resource gap and higher domestic savings.
28. In agriculture,assuming favorableweather conditions,foodcrop production should quickly regain 1982 levels and then grow steadily. Cotton productionis expected to continue growing at a fast pace, but cocoa and coffee production will recover from the drought only gradually before resuming modest growth. In mining, phosphate rock productionwill probably continue to be limited by export markel constraints,but if the proposed phosphoricacid project is implemented,value added in this sector could begin to grow significantlyby 1988. Clinker production is expected to increase over the next few years as the CIMAO clinker plant achieves normal production levels provided that the clinker market improves and electricity supplies are adequate (see para. 45). Growth in manufacturingwill depend on the success of the Government'sstrategy to promote private investmentin small and medium scale enterprisesand to improve the efficiency of viable public enterprises. As for the tertiary sector, growth in public services and civil service employmentwill have to be reduced until the Government'sfinancial situationimproves. Growth in transportand commerce is, on the contrary, likely to quicken.
29. Even with annual debt rescheduling,judicious policies will be required during the next three years if debt service obligationsare to be met while a minimum developmenteffort is maintained. Except for enclave-type operations,there is no scope for additional borrowings on financialmarkets, and new investments will be feasible only to the extent that grants and concessional loans are available. With the restorationof a sounder financial situation, Togo's longer term developmentprospects remain promising,as there is considerablescope to better exploit the resource base of the economy. External donors should finance a large share of developmentprojects, including financingof local costs. - 8 -
PART II - BANKGROUP OPERATIONS IN BENIN AND TOGO
BENIN
30. To date there have been eighteen IDA credits to Benin, totalling US$170.47 million, including two supplementary credits. Five of the credits were for agriculture, six for road construction and maintenance, two for education, two for energy, and one each for port expansion, urban water supply and development of small-scale enterprises. Annex II contains a summary statement of Bank Group operations in Benin as of March 31, 1984.
31. In the past, the Bank Group's dialogue with Benin was limited and based on a case-by-case approach to lending operations. More recently, however, the policy and lending dialogue has intensified and Government has displayed considerable interest in and responsiveness to Bank lending and policy assistance.
32. One of the most important aspects of the Bank's assistance to Benin's development so far has been in the agricultural sector. IDA's earlier operations in this sector were met with mixed success and in fact during the execution of an IDA-FAC Zou-Borgou credit for cotton development made in 1972, cotton production actually fell. In 1977, Et technical assistance credit was made to help the Government better prepare rural development projects. The assistance provided with this credit was instrumental in preparing the Borgou, Zou and Atacora province rural development projects. Under the Borgou project, for which a US$17 million IDA credit was approved in April 1981, cotton production in the Borgou province doubled in the 1982-83 season. The Zou Project (FY83 IDA US$20 million) is note!worthy for the fact that it includes financing of fertilizer imports on a declining scale as a response to a Government decision to phase out fertilizer and pesticide subsidies.
33. Another important area which is emetrging is the provision of assistance to the Government to improve economic planning and to rehabilitate the public enterprise sector, and is in response to Government requests for such assistance. Discussions are in progress which are expected to lead to a project which will provide studies which will be the basis for public enterprise rehabilitations and sector reforms. A second project under preparation is a technical assistance project designed to strengthen Benin's macroeconomic planning and public finance administration. Other assistance to Benin is expected to continue in the transport, education, urban and energy sectors in Benin.
34. Benin's performance with respect to project implementation and disbursement is generally satisfactory. The Government is generally quite familiar with the Bank's procurement and disbursement procedures. Delays are sometimes encountered, however, because of the Government inability to make timely contributions of counterpart funds. This problem has recently been exacerbeted by the difficult budgetary position, with the country moving into a period of stringency. 9_
TOGO
35. Bank Group lending to Togo totals fifteen credits amounting to US$ 155.8 million, and two loans totalling$53.0 million. IDA lending has financed roads; agriculture(cocoa, coffee, cotton and food crops); education; technical assistance to the Ministries of Plan and Rural Developmentand to the State Secretariatfor Industry and State Enterprises;a regional DFC operation;and credits for the feasibilitystudies for a phosphate fertilizer project and for a regional hydroelectricpower project. The two Bank loans (US$3.5 million to Togo and US$49.5 million to CIMAO jointlyand severally guaranteed by Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Togo) have provided financing for the CIMAO regional clinker plant. Annex II contains a summary statement of Bank Group operations in Togo as of March 31, 1984.
36. In the past, project lending has dealt with developmentneeds and policy issues in specific sectors. However, in the past two years, the overall economic situationhas deterioratedto the point that sector specific actions are no longer sufficient. A more comprehensiveapproach such as that envisaged under the ongoing structural adjustmentprogram is required. Moreover, in a small country like Togo, where it is not possible to be involved in all sectors, structural adjustment lending provides an opportunity to influence developmentin a broad range of sectors. In those sectors where the Associationis already involved,not only has project lending been consistentwith the goals of the structural adjustment program, but in addition componentsof several recent projects have been designed to prepare for and support the program.
37. The purpose of the first and second Technical AssistanceProjects has been to help the Government begin to formulate sound investmentand macroeconomicfinance policies. Through these projects,the Association initiated a close policy dialogue which has been essentialfor the preparation of the structuraladjustment program. Consultant studies of several state enterpriseshave been financed in order to determinewhether they are potentiallyviable, and in the case of those which are, to identify measures necessary to improve their performance. A capacity to conduct further evaluationsand to monitor the performanceof state enterprisesis being establishedin the Planning Ministry. A planning unit has been establishedin the Rural DevelopmentMinistry. Under its auspices,a review of all rural developmentprojects will be conducted in order to provide the basis for the formulationof a rural developmentstrategy. In addition, a price analysis and monitoring unit and a research coordinatingunit have been created in the same Ministry.
38. IDA has made five credits for agriculturalprojects designed to stimulate food crop productionand to increase farm incomes through development of cash crops such as cocoa, coffee and cotton. Under the latest such credit for the Second Rural DevelopmentProject in Cotton Areas, subsidies will be phased out and producer prices will be reviewed annually. Since this project covers most of the country, these measures will provide a good basis for the more comprehensivereview of price and subsidy policies required under the structural adjustment. The project's emphasis on food crops and on the further developmentof a promisingexport crop also promotes the goals of structural adjustment. - 10 -
39. A water supply project approved in FY83 would improve water supply in Lome. The water and sewerage agency (RNET), an important and economically viable state enterprisewould be strengthenedas a result of the project. The four credits in the road sector have suppo.rtedefforts to build up an efficientmaintenance service, upgrade the country'smain and more heavily trafficked roads, and to start a comprehensive transport planning and coordinationsystem, includingan ongoing study of how to streamlineand improve the operationsof the government-ownedrailroad company. A separate project for feeder road development provides for improvement works and maintenance operations. An ongoing education project finances the constructionof teacher training facilities,expansion of existing facilities and fellowships.
40. Togo's performance with respect to project implementationand disbursementis generally satisfactory. The Government is now quite familiar with the Bank's procurementand disbursemenitprocedures. Delays are sometimes encountered,however, because of the cumbersome administrativeregulations in Togolese contract public award. The Government is sensitiveto this problem and is working with the Bank to find appropriatemeans to simplify the procedures.
III. THE ENERGY AND POWER SECTORS
ENERGYSECTOR
Energy Resources
41. The two countrieshave significanthydroelectric potential of which twelve sites, with an estimatedannual output of 1,380 GWh, have been identified as justifying further study. The proposed Nangbeto project would be the first step towards developing this potent-Lal.The Government of Benin (GOB) is exploitingcurrently the Seme oil field, discoveredin 1968. Production started late 1982 and recoverablereserves are estimatedat about 22 million barrels, with production expected to peak at 12,000 barrels per day in 1985. All crude oil is exported as there are no refining facilities in Benin. Further onshore and offshore explorationfor oil and gas is underway with Bank Group financialassistance. Togo is known to have hydrocarbon deposits offshore in a sedimentarybasin extendingwestwards into Ghana and eastwards towards Benin-Nigeria. The Government of Togo (GOT) recently signed an agreementwith private oil companies for the explorationof its entire offshore area and seismic work has started.
Energy Supply and Consumption
42. Energy consumptionin both countries conisistspredominantly of fuelwood and agriculturalresidues - 39% of total consumptionin Benin and 61% in Togo. Most of the remainder (9% of energy consumptionin Benin and 30% in Togo) consists of petroleumproducts; charcoal and electricityaccount for no more than 2% in Benin and about 9% in Togo. All petroleum products and most electricity are currently imported. In Benin, the widespread illicit entry of petroleum products from Nigeria is estimated to ELmountto at least 20% of recorded consumption. Energy Pricing
43. In Benin, retail priceS of petroleum products are set at a level high enough to cover importation and distribution costs. However, Nigeria's substantially lower prices, and the extensive open border between the two countries, limit Benin's capacity to apply independent petroleum pricing successfully. In Togo, the prices of petroleum products fully reflect the cost of imports. Until recently, electricity tariffs were low in both Benin and Togo (between US08-9/kWh) as a result of the low cost electricity imports from the Volta River Authority (VRA) in Ghana. Following the reduction in December 1983 in VRA supplies, tariff increases of 80% in Benin and 25% in Togo were introduced in February 1984. Further action on electricity tariffs has been agreed under the proposed project.
POWER SECTOR
Sector Organization
44. Tne power sector is the responsibility of the Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy in Benin and the Ministry of Public Works, Mines, Energy and Water Resources in Togo. In 1968, the Governments of Benin and Togo enacted a Treaty establishing a bi-national entity, the Communaute Electrique du Benin (CEB), which has its head office in Lomb. CEB supplies electricity in bulk, mainly to the two national power utilities - Societe Beninoise d'Electricite et d'Eau (SBEE), established in 1973, and Compagnie Energie Electrique du Togo (CEET), established in 1963 which are responsible for retail distribution of electricity. Both SBEE and CEET retain some generating plant for stand-by purposes or to supply isolated centers. SBEE is also responsible for urban water supply in Benin.
Existing Electricity Supply Facilities
45. Until recently more than 90% of electricity consumed in Benin and Togo was supplied by VRA, the remainder from local diesel plants. In accordance with a contract first entered into in 1969 with GOB and GOT, VRA has guaranteed to supply CEB, under normal operating and hydrological conditions, a maximum of 67 MW -with an average of about 335 GWh 1/ annually from its hydroelectric plants, at Akosombo and Kpong, until 1996. This contract became effective in January 1973 and provides for a revision of the cost of supply to CEB every three years; the current rate is US¢2.5/kWh. Because of severe drought, VRA has reduced by 50% the supply of electricity to CEB since December 1, 1983. The supply of electricity by CEB to CEET and SBEE is governed by contracts made in May 1973. CEB owns and operates the 161 kV transmission system in Benin and Togo and supplies electricity to Togo at 20 kV and to Benin at 15 kV.
1/ In fact, VRA has supplied considerably more in recent years (521 GWh in 1982). - 12 -
46. Until recently,CEB sold power to a number of large industrial customers in Togo, including the Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP) and the Societe Nationalede Siderurgie (SNS). This responsibilitywas transferredto CEET in the fall of 1982 and CEB's orly remaining industrial customer is Societe des Ciments de l'Afrique de l'Ouest (CIMAO), a regional clinker factory locatednear Tabligbo in Togo. CEB is fairly well run and provides a reliable service; until recently interruptions of supplies from VRA were rare and usually brief and this has minimized the need for standby diesel generation.
47. GOT financed the generatingplant of the Centrale Thermiquede Lome (CTL) near Lome harbour to provide a firm electricitysupply to the planned Societe Nationale de Sideru^gie(SNS) and to reduce the country'salmost total dependenceon imported electricity. The plant design comprisesfour 10 NW diesel units and a combined cycle plant of two 25 MW gas turbines and a 28 MW heat recovery steam unit. The CTL thermal plant is owned by the financially troubled SNS, while another Togolese public entity,Societe Nationale d'Investissements(SNI), is responsiblefor the plant's debt service. The gas turbines are operational but commissioning of the diesel plant was delayed following a fire in the control room in early 1982. The diesel units will now be commissionedin May 1984.
48. The CTL generatingplant is connectedto the CEB system by a double- circuit 161 kV transmissionline, and is an integral part of the interconnected system servicing Benin and Togo. CTL will have to supply increasingthermal generation to the system in future. Consequently,plant operationsshould be properly coordinatedwithin the system under the directionof CEB, which should be responsiblefor load dispatch. As CEB has no experience in the operationof thermalplants and will be heavily involved with the Nangbeto project, the responsibilityfor operatingand managing the CTTLplant has been transferredto the more experiencedCEET.
49. A transfer of the ownership of CTL to CEET requires an analysis of and agreementupon the financialterms of such transfer and such a study, financed under the ongoing Power Engineeringand TechnicalAssistance Project (Credit 1190-TO), is currentlyunderway. The study also covers the issue of future pricing of the output from the CTL plant and from all other thermal plants supplying the interconnectedgrid; this would help determine the terms of power exchange between the utilities. Satisfactoryarrangements to implement the recommendations of the study would be required as a condition of Credit effectiveness (Section 5.01(c) of the DevelopmentCredit (Togo) Agreement).
Access to ElectricityService and Load Growth
50. Electricitysupply in Benin in 1960 was limited to Cotonou, Porto Novo and Parakou. Today, Cotonou, Porto Novo, Lokossa, Ouidah, Godomey, Abomey-Calaviand Onigbolo are supplied from the CEB's coastal system. SBEE has electrified seven small towns in the four southern provinces and four towns further north. The total number of residentialcustomers at the end of FY 82 was estimated at about 28,200 equivalent to about 5% of the population. Access to electricityin the areas covered by the interconnected system is about 29%. In Togo, until 1963, Lome arnd the coastal town of Aneho - 1 3 - were the only centerswith public electricitysupply; by 1970, service had been extended to Kpalime, Atakpame, Sokode, Lama-Kara and Dapaong, and in recent years nine additional towns have been elect-ifiedthrough either connection to the coastal system or the developmentof a secondarysystem around Lama-Kara. The total number of residentialcustomers at the end of FY82 was 30,600 equivalent to about 5% of the population. In the larger urban centers the proportionof population served is about 28%. The towns with electricity supply in both countries are shown on the IBRD Map 17684.
51. The growth in demand for electricityin both countrieshas been vigorous over the past 10 years, averaging about 13% annually in Benin and 18% annually in Togo. However, more recently, economic -ecessionand, possibly, increases in tariffs have reduced this rate of growth. Between 1982 and 1990 load growth is estimatedto average 7% annually in Togo and 11% in Benin. These forecastsare low compared with historical trends but reflect the expected influence on demand of much higher tariffs and only modest growth of incomes. Annual energy requirements after 1995 will reach 1,500 to 2,000 GWh, of which Wangbeto, the only hydro station planned at present, would supply 150 GWh. To meet demand from the 1990's onwards the major options would be new thermal generation, hydro development (additional to Nangbeto) and electricity imports.
Power Systems Expansion
52. In response to the need to minimize future dependence on petroleum fuels, Bank assistance is already being directed towards identifying and developing the hydro resources of the two countries and evaluating regional resources within the framework of an interconnection study. In addition to the preparationof the Nangbeto Project, the Power Engineeringand Technical Assistance Project (IDA CreditE 1189-BEN/1190-TOof January 1982) included an inventory of hydroelectricresources of Benin and Togo, seven pre-feasibility studies of sites selected from the inventory, and a master plan of power developmentto the year 2003. The inventory confirmedthat Nangbeto is economicallythe most attractivehydro project. Two sites on the Mono River, which would benefit from the Nangbeto storage upstream,and two sites on the Oueme appear to be the only hydro power sources having a cost advantage over diesel generation. All four sites are included in a draft master plan of developmentand could increase the indigenous supply by about 700 GWh. The proposed project would include surveys of the four sites and feasibility/engineering studies of 1;he economically most attractive site at Adjarala.
53. The establishmentof a strong interconnectionin the region has been promoted by the Union des Producteurs,Transporteurs et Distributeurs d'EnergieElectrique d'Afrique (UPDEA) and, in particular,by CEB. The Bank Group has encouraged this initiativethrough its relationshipswith the power entities concerned. A West Africa Power System Interconnection (WAPSI) shown on Map IBRD 16534 would link the power systems of Nigeria, Benin, Togo, and Ghana by an extra high voltage (EHV) transmission line (330 kV) from the Nigeria-Beninborder to the Akosombo power station in Ghana. Since Ghana an'd Ivory Coast are already tied by an existing 220/160 kV high voltage line, the Ivory Coast system would also be part of any future interconnectedsystem. In - 14 -
1983, a.Danish/Swedish consortium was retained to prepare pre-feasibility and feasibilitystudies, expected to be completed in 1984. The work is financed by Scandinaviangrant aid. The African DevelopmentBank (AfDB) is the executingagency and CEB supervisesthe study. CEB, being strategically placed between the large power producing countries (Ivory Coast-Ghana- Nigeria), would be in a favored position to contract for part of the transfers over the interconnectionfor supply to Benin and Togo. The proposed project would therefore promote this regional cooperationobjective.
54. Although supplies from a future regiona. EHV system are likely to be more attractivethan any hydro development within Benin and Togo, GOB and GOT would not wish to become wholly dependenton imported power. Furthermore,the implementationof WAPSI requires the solution of technical, financial, contractual and operational problems among four systems which may take time.
Government Policy and Strategy
55. An economically acceptable expansion program for the power sectors of Benin and Togo can be realized only through international co-operation. Future expansion must be secured by a combination of additional imports, the developmentof indigenoushydro resources and thermal generation. GOB and GOT are keenly interested in hydro development, and have strongly supported the preparationof the Nangbeto project as a binatiornaleffort. However, a satisfactorypolicy for the power sector has not emerged because of the communicationsgap between CEB and the national power entities in both countries. CEB, by virtue of its statute, was supposed to take the lead in the formulationof policy. The intentions behind the 1968 Treaty were, possibly, overambitiousand, as it became clear that CEB was not taking the lead, CEET and SBEE increasinglypursued independentactions in the planning and constructionof new facilities,in finance and in tariffs, that tended to i7solateCEB from the sector problems. Preparationof the Nangbeto project has drawn CEB back onto center stage but the communicationproblems remain and inhibit integratedpolicy formulation. In other respects CEB has operated rather successfully. Low-cost bulk supply for Benin and Togo was arranged under a long-termcontract with VRA, and the feasibilitystudy of WAPSI - which should further help to minimize the cost of electricitysupply to the Ivory Coast, Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria - is underway. However, these achievementsare underminedby lack of coordinationbetween CEB and the two national power entities. The proposed project would address these issues (paras.60-61).
Bank Group Strategy and Rationale for Involvement
56. Bank Group involvementin the power sectors of Benin and Togo aims at assisting the authoritiesto reduce the cost of electricitysupply and meet reasonabledemand while, at the same time, strengtheningthe sector institutionsand reducing the sector's dependenceon governmentsfor resources. Without the Bank Group initiativeit is unlikely that these aims would be achieved satisfactorilyas other sector aid is predominantlyof a bilateralnature. Furthermore,the Bank Group has, at GOB/GOT request, acted as coordinatorof the substantialco-financing needed for the proposed project. - 15 -
57. The strengthening of CEB is crucial to the above strategy, particularly to improved coordination and cooperation in power sector planning and operations. Furthermore, the viability of the proposed regional interconnection may well depend on CEB's role. The Bank Group has attempted to strengthen CEB's position by choosing it as executing agency for the ongoing Power Engineering and Technical Assistance Project. To promote the strengthening of all three sector entities, IDA also financed studies of their organization, management, training needs, and finance/tariff policies. The various studies have been completed and provide the basis for further reforms under the proposed project. Bank Group assistance under the proposed project would comprise a mix of institutiona:L support, particularly to strengthen CEB and financing of capital investment.
THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTING AGENCIES
Communaute Electrique du Benin (CEB) Status and Organization
58. CEB was established by Benin and Togo in 1968 under the Accord International et Code Benino-Togolais de 1'Electricite (the Treaty). Its binational nature is unique in West Africa. CEB was granted a monopoly of the generation and transmission of electricity from all installations built in Benin and Togo after the Treaty. CEB's powers and regulatory rights include the regulation of electricity supply, tariff fixing, licensing private plant in excess of 100 kVA, the negotiation of interconnections with other countries and the planning and implementation of electrification in the two countries.
59. CEB's organization is three-tiered and comprises:
(i) The "Haut Conseil Inter6tatique de la Communaut;&" (HCIC). It iEi composed of eight members of ministerial -ank, four from each Government of whom two act as concurrent presidents. The Haut Conseil meets at least once a year to determine and monitor CEB's broad policy.
(ii) The "Haute Autorite" (HA) -- equivalent to a Board of Directors -- composed of ten members, five from each country, nominated by the two Governments and appointed by the HCIC. It establishes the broad lines of action on technical and commercial matters for the General Manager and oversees his management; it also proposes investments, for review and agreement by the HCIC.
(iii) The General Manager appointed by the HCIC after nomination by the HA, is responsible for the day-to-day management of CEB.
Sector Coordination
60. Despite its extensive legal powers, in practice CEB's role has been largely restricted to the wholesale supply of electricity. CEB has not - 16 - exercisedits monopoly powers and licensing rights over new generationand thus new diesel plants have been constructedin ,ecent years in Lome and Cotonou by the national entities without adequate consultationwith CEB. Instead of integratingfacilities and services under CEB, CEET and SBEE have followed increasinglyindependent policies with respect to sector development, organization,planning, training and 1tariffs. However, during negotiations, both GOB and GOT reaffirmedCEB's exclusive rights (Sections2.01(a) and 5.01(b) (i) of the Joint Financing Agreement)with respect to:
(i) the development of aLl hydropower facilities in Benin and Togo;
(ii) the interchangeof electricitywith neighboring countries;
(iii) the supply to CEET and SBEE of electricityfrom its own plant or from interconnectionswith neighboring countries;and
(iv) the dispatchingof, and accounting for, electricity from all power plants in Benin and Togo which are connectedto the CEB system.
61. The Treaty provides for consultationand authorizationmechanisms in the field of long-term planning,tariff setting and investmentsin generation facilities. While such provisionshave not been fully implementedin the past, cooperationto implement these requirementshas been strengthened recently. Assurances have been obtained from both Governments and CEB that adherence to the provisions of the Treaty will continue to be implemented. The ten members of the HA are appointed on the basis of their competence in financial and economic management,electricity and public works, trade, industry,planning and social affairs. Traditionally,the directorsgeneral of SBEE and CEET were members of the HA and an assurancehas been obtained at negotiationsfrom both Governmentsthat the two national entities would at all times be represented on the HA. To further develop effective coordinationof their activities, CEB, SBEE and CEET have recently created:
(i) a Permanent Coordinating Committee (PCC) of the three General Managers, meeting at leaEst monthly to discuss policies and prepare major proposals for joint submission to the Haute Autorite and
(ii) working level committeesof the PCC, for power sector planning and investment,operations, finance and training.
During negotiationsit was agreed that such arrangementswould be maintained on a permanentbasis (Section5.01(b) (ii) of the Joint Financing Agreement).
Management and Staffing
62. CEB has a small staff of 186 employees (aLbout10% of power sector employees in Benin and Togo) including 10 professionalsand 36 1-7 - technician/supervisors,three quarters of whom are concernedwith the operation and maintenance of the transmissionsystem. CEB lacks the structure and staff to carry out sustained power system planning and related studies, to manage power exchangesand load dispatch beyond the present level and to undertakemajor new projects such as Nangbeto and the regional interconnection. CEB commissioneda study,financedunder IDA Credits 1189- BEN/1190-TO, to advise on improvementsto its organization,management and related training. The consultant'sreport confirmed that, while CEB's organizationis adequate for operatinga transmissionsystem of a limited size, it is inadequatelystaffed either to fulfil the role of coordinating body for the power sectors in Benin and Togo or to undertakemajor new projects. CEB needs to recruit a higher proportion of professionaland technical staff. The consultantsreport recommendsthat the existing organizationof CEB be reinforcedover the medium term by establishinga project managementunit for Nangbeto and a separate planning division to undertake power resource surveys, load forecasting,generation and transmissionplanning and power system operationstudies. Furthermore,CEB should streamline operations and maintenance procedures,improve financial management and expand training activitiesat CEB's training center for both high level staff and skilled workers.
63. These recommendationsare sound but CEB will need substantial assistance from outside personnel, and training for its staff if these organizationalimprovements are to be achieved in the medium-term. Such components are included under the proposed project. During negotiations,it was agreed that CEB would, after consultation with IDA, carry out a program to strengthen its management (Section 5.01(c) of the Joint Financing Agreement).
Training
64. Under the Treaty, CEB is responsible for training staff of all three entities and, for this purpose,,operates a training center at Abomey-Calavi, outside Cotonou in Benin. Not all training needs can economically and effectively be met by the center, notably short in-servicecourses and on-the- job training for which separate arrangements should be made by the three entities. There is, however, a need to expand the Abomey-Calavi center and, at the same time, to assist CEET and SBEE in establishing a capability to plan and implement training programs. The proposed project would provide for both forms of developmentthrough technicalassistance and the supply of training equipment for all three entitiessand for the expansion of buildingsat the CEB center.
Compagnie Energie Electriquede Togo (CEET)
65. CEET was formed in 19653 as a limited liability company wholly owned by GOT, but with an option of up to 30% private participation. Its purpose is defined as the generation, transmission and distribution of electricity in Togo. CEET's policy-makingBoard is composed of the Director General of the SNI (Chairman) and the representativesof the Ministries of Energy, Finance, Planning and Interior and CEET staff and the Chamber of Commerce. GOT is alao representedby a commissaireat all board meetings. CEET is unable to function as an autonomous power uti'lity as GOT exercises rigid controls over it as it does over other state-owned and mixed enterprises. In particular,it - 18 - is unable to offer salaries attractive enough to retain competent, experienced staff. To achieve adequate autonomy would require a revision of the law relating to public enterprises in Togo, prior to revising CEET's statutes; this issue will be addressed in the broader context of a possible public enterprise project.
66. An important weakness in CEET's organization is the lack of any systematic assessment of manpower requirements and planning of training activities. The project would assist the e3tablishment of a basic capability for such planning to be carried out iin close collaboration with CEET's personnel and training sections through limited technical assistance and fellowships, CEET is planning to provide ina-house training, especially on- the-job training and short courses and seminars. To assure the supply of engineers, CEET has sent nine students to the five-year course at the Ecole Superieure Interafricaine d'Electricite in Abidjan. The project would finance fellowships to allow more engineering students tc be trained at ESIE or other engineering schools, in order to ensu-re the supply of engineers in the future.
Societe Beninoise d'Electricite et d'Eau (SBEE)
67. SBEE was formed originally as the "Societe Dahomeenne d'Electricite et d'Eau" in 1973 and, except for general rules governing the relations between the Government and parastatal enterprises, the entity enjoys a large measure of autonomy. SBEE's purpose is defined as the generation, transmission, and distribution of electric power, as well as water supply and waste water disposal, throughout Benin. It is charged with execution of Government policy concerning development of water resources and it has also responsibility for research in the utilization of energy resources. SBEE's policy-making board includes eleven members representing the Ministries of Public Works, Economy, Planning, Finance, Energy, Labor and Public Health and the Legislative Bodies. Other members represent the Chamber of Commerce and SBEE staff. The Board Chairman is appointed by the Gove-nment upon nomination by the Minister of Industry and Energy. GOB is also represented by a commissaire at the Board.
68. SBEE's existing organization inclucLes separate planning directorates for electricity and water services and separate technical operations sections at the provincial level; however, common services such as meter readings, billings, and collection activities are combined. SBEE's organization structure was reviewed by consultants who made a series of recommendations which are under consideration by SBEE. The proposed project would make a start on strengthening SBEE. SBEE is overstaffed at the lower levels of skill and responsibility while the number of'professional and superviso.y/technical level staff is insufficient. Staffing problems are compounded by the absence of training at lower levels. Supervisory staff are trained almost exclusively as technicians and not as managers. The project therefore includes fellowships for SBEE to develop capability in manpower planning and training as well as provision for on-the-job training.
Tariffs
69. The CEB-VRA contract for bulk electricity supply reflects the cost structure of hydro power, characterized by high fixed charges and a low - 19 - incremental cost. CEB purchases from VRA are determinedby a three-part tariff and CEB's tariffs for sales to CEET and SBEE have a similar structure. CEB's purchase cost is about USg2.5/kWhand its average revenue US#5/kWh; despite price adjustmentsevery three years since 1973, the average costs to CEB, and hence to its wholesale customers, are still most attractive. The low cost of electricitypurchases from CEB resulted in low tariffs to consumersin Benin and Togo and between 1967 and 1981 CEET and SBEE tariffs remained unchanged. AEIa result, the financialposition of both CEET and SBEE deteriorated. Tariff increases were made in both countriesbetween 1981 and 1983 as a result of which average tariffs rose to the equivalent of about US¢8/kWh, which is well below the level in most other West African countries 1/. Following a 50% reduction in December 1983 in VRA supplies to CEB, as a result of the drought; in Ghana, both CEET and SBEE are now generating much electricity from their diesel stations and tariffs increases of 25% and 80% respectively were introduced in February 1984. Average tariffs are now equivalent to about US£11/kWh in Togo and US014.5/kWhin Benin.
70. The ongoing Power Engineering and Technical Assistance Project (Credit 1189-BEN/1190-T0) included a review of the tariffs of the three entities by Electricite de France (EdF). The studies confirmed the inadequacies of present tariff structures and levels and EdF recommended a structure based on marginal costs while maintaining uniformity of tariffs within each country. However, the tariff studies were based on the assumption of a continuing supply of relativelylow-cost imports from VRA. The duration of the present curtailmentin supply from VRA cannot be known at this stage and, while the results of the tariff studies are under review by the three entities and their governments,they are largely overtakenby the above events. The tariff studies will be updated and, thereafter,the authorities have agreed to introducemarginal cost-based tariff structures from FY 87 onwards (Section 6.06 of the Joint Financing Agreement and Sections 4.06 of the Project Agreements). Tariff levels, on the other hand, would be determined in accordance with the financial requirements of the three entities.
Present Financial Position of CEB, CEET and SBEE
71. CEB's financial position has steadily improved in recent years as tariffs have been regularly adjusted to reflect increases in operting costs, including imports from VRA. A-tend--FY83 CEB had adequate debt service coverage (3.5 times) and a current ratio of 4.8; its rate of return on historically-valuednet fixed assets in FY83 was about 13%. Based on the current tariffs, CEB should achieve the targetted24% contributionto investment in FY84. Both CEET's and SBEE's financial position has been weak in recent years, with inadequate tariff increases and consequent poor liquidity. At end-FY83 CEET's current ratio was 0.3, reflecting overdraft financing of about US$17 million equivalent;an operating loss equivalent to about US$2.7 million is expected in FY83. The tariff increase from February 1984 should improve the position in FY84 while further tariff action would be required in FY85. SBEE's financialperformance in FY83 was also
1/ Ivory Coast: USJ12/kWh, Senegal: USg14/kWh, Upper Volta: US#l9/kWh. - 20 - unsatisfactory, with an operating loss estimated equivalent to about US$3.1 million; debt service coverage was low (1.1 times) at end-FY83 but liquidity was satisfactory (current ratio 2.8 times). SBEE,'s 80% tariff increase from February 1984 should ensure a satisfactry position in FYs84 and 85.
Future Finances
72. CEB has agreed to generate sufficient resources internally to cover the local costs of the proposed project. Its present fixed asset base is small, comprising mainly transmission facilities. Consequently, during the project implementation period, CEB would review and adjust its tariffs annually to achieve an annual contribution to inrestment as follows: 13% in FY85, 14% in FY86 and 45% for FY87 onwards (SectJion 6.04 of the Joint Financing Agreement). The annual percentage target would be lower in FYs85 and 86 because of the expected peaking of capital expenditure at a time when the supply from VRA is assumed to be still interrupted. In order to achieve the FY85 target, CEB would require a tariff increase from January 1, 1985 averaging about 25%. As part of project supervision, the Association would seek confirmation that the necessary actions have been taken by CEB to enable this tariff increase. Other than agreed borrowings for the proposed project, CEB would not require additional loans to finance its investment program through FY87. CEB has agreed, however, to consu].t with IDA annually on its investment program (Section 6.08 of the Joint Financing Agreement). On completion of the project, CEB would establish, in consultation with IDA, an annual rate of return target based on currently valued net fixed assets in operation (Section 6.05 of the Joint Financing Agreement).
73. While both CEET and SBEE are established power entities, their fixed assets are valued at histori.c cost and records are at present inadequate to establish a satisfactory revaluation of fixed assets. Consequently, in order to maintain a satisfactory financial position through FY87, including adequate internal cash generation, both entities have agreed to review and adjust tariffs annually from FY85 to achieve an annual contribution to investment of not less than 45% (Section 4.04 of the Projiect Agreements). SBEE has also agreed to ensure that any surplus is not used to subsidize water supply operations (Section 4.04(c) of the Project Agreements). In order to achieve the FY85 target, CEET would require a tariff increase from January 1, 1985 averaging about 38%. As part of project supervision, the Association would seek confirmation that the necessary action3 haveZ been taken by GOT to enable this tariff increase. The investment programs through FY87 have been reviewed recently and appear reasonable; the balance of their financing requirements would be met from borrowings (equivalent to about US$26 million for CEET and US$13 million for SBEE). SBEE would also require about US$6 million in the form of GOB equity to fund ongoing water supply projects. Furthermore, the two entities would establish not later than FY89 and in consultation with IDA, an annual rate of return target based on currently valued net fixed assets in operation (Section 4.05 of the Project Agreements).
74. With the above measures all three entities would maintain a satisfactory financial position through FY87: operating and current ratios axid debt service coverage would be adequate. However, to protect future financial viability, all three entities have agreed not to incur new debt without consulting IDA unless their future debt service is covered at least 1.5 times - 21 - by internal cash generation (Section. 4.03 of the Project Agreements and Section 6.03 of the Joint FinarLcing Agreement).
Billing and Collection
75. CEB's accounts receivable are equivalent to about six months' billings due to the poor payment record of CEET and SBEE, whose own receivablesare equivalent to about five and nine months billings respectively. Improved performancein the settlement of bills by governments and public entities to CEET and SBEE is urgently required; this, in turn, would improve the settlement of CEB's billing to CEET and SBEE. GOBand GOT have submitted plans to reduce the level of their indebtedness to SBEE and CEET respectively within a three-year period and some payments have been made. GOB and GOT also agreed at negotiationsto make henceforth adequate budgetary provisions to enable all public sector electricitydues to be settled within 90 days of billing (Section 3.02 of the DevelopmentCredit Agreements). Furthermore,all three power entities agreed to ensure that within three years the level of receivableswould be reduced to no more than three months billings (Section 4.07 of the Project Agreements and Section 6.07 of the Joint Financing Agreement).
Auditing Arrangements
76. The audited accounts of the three entities for FYs82 and 83 would be submitted to IDA by CEB and CEET not later than July 15, 1984 and by SBEE not later than September 30, 1984. Thereafter,each of the three entities would:
(i) have its accounts audited annually by independent auditors satisfactoryto IDA; and
(ii) submit to IDA its audited accounts,and the auditors' report thereon within six months of its fiscal year-end (Section 6.02 of the Joint FinancingAgreement and 4.02 of the Project Agreements).
Furthermore,from FY86 onwards, SBEE would maintain separate accounts for electricityand water supply (Section4.01(b) of the Project (Benin) Agreement). - 22 -
PART IV - THE PROJECT
Background
77. The planned Nangbeto project is a regional undertaking by Benin and Togo to develop the hydroelectric and irrigation potential of the Mono River, which forms the border between them for 100 km, from the Atlantic coast northwards. A report entitled: "Staff AppraisealReport, People's Republic of Benin/Republicof Togo, Nangbeto HydroelectricProject" (No. 4839-BEN/TO) dated June 1, 1984 is being distributeds3parately. A supplementaryproject data sheet is provided in Annex III.
78. A feasibilitystudy of the proposed power plant and associated transmission,was undertaken between 1978-80 by a consulting Consortium of Electrowatt/Sogreah(Switzerland/Frsance) appointed by CEB, with financingby UNDP and IDA as the executingagency. The results of the study were discussed by potential co-financiersin June 1980 and it was agreed that power from Nangbeto offered a lower cost alternativethan thermal power in helping to meet future electricitydemand in Benin and Togo. Consequently,IDA and the French Fonds d'Aide et de Cooperation (FAC) agreed to finance detailed engineeringstudies and the preparationof bidding documents for the project.
79. At the Bank Group request, CEB appointed a Panel comprising independentexperts in geology, civil engineeringand electrical engineering to review the feasibilityand other studies of the Consortium and, in particular,the design of the proposed dam. The hydro inventory prepared by Sir Alexander Gibb and Partners/Tractionel(United Kingdom/Belgium)confirmed Nangbeto as the most economicalsite for a first hydropower development. The project was subsequentlyappraised in March/April 1983 by an IDA mission with simultaneousappraisals by a number of other project co-financiers. Credit negotiationswere held in Washington D.C. from April 25 through May 1, 1984 with a Beninese delegationheaded by H.E. Mr. B3.Ohouens, Minister of Industry, Mines and Energy and included Mr. E. Paraiso, General Manager, SBEE and a Togolese delegationheaded by H.E. Mr. Barry M. Barque, Minister of Public Works, Mines and Energy and included Mr. A.K. Galley, General Manager, CEET. Mr. L.C. Faboumy, General Manager, CEB, also took part in the negotiations.
Project Objectives
80. The proposed project would:
(a) help minimize the long-termcost of electricity supply in Benin and Togo;
(b) supply hydro power (installed capacity of 63 MW, firm power of 45 MW) and energy (about 150 GWh annually) to help meet the estimated increase in demand for electricity and reduce fuel costs;
(c) improve CEB's interconnectedsystem operation; - 23 -
(d) strengthen the power sector institutions in both countries, and, in particular, the co-ordinating role of CEB and to assist them in developing a capability in planning, engineering and financial control; and
(e) improve sector efficiency in financial, technical and project management through a joint training program.
Project Description
81. The proposed project consists of the following components:
(a) Hydroelectric development at Nangbeto about 35 km south east of Atakpame on the Mono River in Togo, the main components of which are:
(i) a 40 m dam with a total length of about 5 km containinga center portion of rockfill design; 3/ (ii) a spillway capable of passing 3,700 m s and bottom outlets for 350 m3/s
(iii) a power house in the river bed at the foot of the dam, with two 31.5 MW Kaplan turbines, for an operatinghead of 17 to 31 m, includingauxiliaries, and two 36 MVA power transformers;
(iv) a 161 kV transmissionline of about 110 km to connect the plant to the existing network;
(v) related project management and engineeringservices;
(vi) related populationresettlement and compensation; and
(vii) environmentaland health protection studies and an environmentalprotection program.
(b) Power sector studies comprisingsurveys of two stretches of the Mono and Oueme Rivers, a feasibilitystudy of the Adjarala project on the Mono River, and a study of a load dispatchingsystem for Benin and Togo; and
(c) Technical assistance,mainly in the field of organization and management, and training for CEB, CEET and SBEE.
Project Costs
82. The estimatedcost of'the project, including provision for physical and price contingenciesbut excluding interest during construction,is US$127 million equivalent and is detailed in the Credit and Project Summary at the beginning of this report. The foreign exchange cost of US$108.3 million - 24 -- equivalentrepresents 85% of the total project cost. The cost of civil works, equipment and transmissioncomponents are based on internationalbids received in December 1983; provisionis also includledfor resettlementand environmental/healthprograms. The project cost include physical contingenciesat 10% for civil works, 5% for equipment and 15% for the resettlement/environmentalcomponent. Price escalationhas been included at rates of 7.5% during 1984, 7% during 1985 and 6% after 1985.
Project Financing
83. IDA credits of US$15 million equivalent each to GOB and GOT are proposed; they would cover about 21% of project financing requirements. Substantial co-financing has been arranged. Details of sources of finance for the main project components, based on agreements reached at a recent (February 1984) co-financiers'meeting are summarizedin paragraph1 of this report. Effectivenessof all co-financing is a condition of effectiveness of the proposed IDA credits (Sections5.01(b) of the DevelopmentCredit Agreements). It is proposed that IDA should finance a part of the costs of civil works, resettlement and environmental programs, and engineering and administrationand most of the costs of studies, technical assistanceand training. Retroactivefinancing for up to US$0.6 million equivalentis recommendedfor expendituresmade after July 1, 1983 for engineeringand technical assistanceservices and training not covered under the ongoing Credits 1189-BEN/1190-TO(Schedule 1, para. 4 of the DevelopmentCredit Agreements). About 19% of the project financingrequirements (US$25.9 million) would be covered by CEB's internally generatedfunds. GOB and GOT would assume responsibilityfor financingany cost overruns.
84. The People's Republic of Benin and the Republic of Togo would be the borrowers (US$15 million equivalent each) of the proposed IDA Credits. The beneficiariesand executingagencies would be CEB and, to a lesser degree, CEET and SBEE. US$18.6 million equivalent of the credits would be onlent to CEB for 24 years including 4 years of grace at the Bank interest rate prevailing at the time of Board approval. CEB would bear the foreign exchange risk (Joint Financing Agreement (Article IV)). The remaining amount of the credits would be made available to the three power entities in the form of grant as follows:
(a) CEB (US$8.6 million) to finance environmental/health components,studies, technical assistanceand training (Section2.01(c) of the Joint FinEtncingAgreement); and
(b) CEET/SBEE (US$1.4 million each) to finance technical assistanceand training (Section 2.01(b) of the DevelopmentCredit Agreements).
Coordinationwith Co-financiers
85. At the request of GOB and GOT, IDA has taken the lead in coordinating co-financingfor the proposed project; co-financiersmeetings were held in 1980, 1981 and 1983 and, followingthe last of those meetings, the project was appraisedsimultaneously by IDA staff and officialsof BADEA, CCCE and AfDB; - 25 -
KfW and the Kuwait Fund also appraised the project. A further co-financiers' meeting was held in February 1984 to agree on the final financing plan after evaluation of the bids for the civil works, equipmentand the transmission lines.
Project Implementation
86. The Nangbeto hydro power station is planned for completion by mid- 1987 and for full operation from early 1988, following the wet season. CEB would have overall responsibility for project management and has made the following arrangements which are satisfactory to IDA and the co-financiers (Section 3.02 of the Joint Financing Agreement):
(a) a Project Unit headed by a Project Director directly responsibleto CEB's Director-Generaland consistingof three divisionsresponsible for project administration/finance,project engineeringand environmentalprograms has been established;a competent local Project Director and other local staff with appropriate experience have been recruited;
(b) three full-time Advisors to the Project Unit have been appointed;
(c) Electrowatt/Sogreah,who prepared the detailed project engineering,has been retained as consultingengineers for the technicalsupervision of the project; and
(d) a Panel of IndependentExperts has been retained; such a Panel would review progress of the project periodically and advise CEB on constructionissues and problems with particular emphasis on dam safety. - 26 -
Procurement
87. The procurementarrangements for the proposed project are summarized in the following table:
Amounts and Methods of Procurement (US$ MillionsT
Total ICB L(OB Other Cost A. Nangbeto Development Civil Works 55.3 55.3 (11.7) (11.7) Equipment 26.5 26.5 Transmission 14.8 b/ 14.8 Resettlement& Environment 11 .8 11.8 (5.8) (5.8) Engineering& Administration 12.2 12.2 (6.9) (6.9) B. Power Sector Studies 1.4 1.4 (1-4) (1-4) C. TechnicalAssistance 2.4 2.4 (2.1) (2.1) D. Training 2.6 2.6 (2.1) (2.1) 55-3 11.8 59.9 127.0 Total (11.7) (5.8) (12.5) (30.0)
a/ Figures in brackets representproposed IDA financing. b/ It is proposed to award the contract for transmissionlines (not financed by IDA) on the basis of thlelowest evaluatedbid, taking into account the financialterms offered in the bids.
88. CEB invited bids on July 28, 1983 for three contracts comprising civil works, machinery and equipmentand transmissionworks from prequalified bidders under internationalcompetitive bidding arrangements. Bid documents and bidder prequalificationfor the cilvilworks were prepared in accordance with IDA Guidelinesand approved by the co-lenders;bidding for machinery and equipmentand transmissionworks was in accordancewith the guidelinesof prospectiveco-financiers. Public bid openi.ngtook place on December 14, 1983 and contracts for all these lots are under negotiation. The civil works are on the critical path for project implementationand, in order to ensure timely plant commissioning, the contract should be awarded by mid-July 1984. Resettlement and environmental components would be procured in accordance with local competitive bidding procedures which are satisfactory to IDA. Goods and services required for the technical assistanceand training components would be procured on the basis of quotationsfrom at least three suppliers. All IDA-financedcontracts for amounts over US$300,000equivalent would be subject to prior Bank review. Consultantsand technical assistance/trainingpersonnel to be financed by IDA would have satisfactoryqualifications and experience - 27 - and would be employed on terms and conditions satisfactoryto the Association in accordancewith the "Guidelinesfor the Use of Consultantsby World Bank Borrowers and by the World Bank as Executing Agency" published by the Bank in August 1981 (Section 2.02 of the Project Agreements,and Section 3.02(b) and (c) of the Joint Financing Agreement).
Disbursements
89. The proposed IDA Credits would be disbursed (pari passu with 50% each from the Credits to Benin and Togo) against:
(i) 22% of civil works expenditures;
(ii) 48% of expenditures on resettlement and environmental works;
(iii) 68% of expenditures on engineering and project management services;
(iv) 100% of expenditures on power sector studies; and
(v) 100% of foreign expenditures on technical assistance and training (for CEB exceptionally80% of foreign expenditureson training as UNDP is co-financing some training).
Disbursementsagainst IDA funds would be fully documentedand CEB will handle disbursementrequests in respect of components under its implementation. SBEE and CEET will handle disbursementrequests for their respective components. The closing date for the IDA credits would be June 30, 1989. Any funds remainingundisbursed after project completionwould be cancelled.
Environmentaland ResettlementAspects
90. During appraisal,an agreement in principlewas reached with CEB and the relevant Togolese authoritieson the need for programs and timetables for environmentalprotection and resettlementarising from the proposed project. Resettlementinvolves fewer than 8,000 people, at present located in 34 villages. During negotiationsGOT confirmedits agreement to prepare and implement programs covering the relocationand compensationof populationand environmental and health protection in the project area. Furthermore, terms of reference were also agreed during negotiations for the studies to be undertaken to develop detailed proposals, which would be submitted for IDA review no later than December 31, 1985; a detailed program satisfactoryto GOT and IDA would be prepared by June 30, 1986 (Section 3.09 of the Joint Financing Agreement). CEB would integrate a special environmental group into the project management unit to implement these programs (para. 86(a)). The main features of the studies are outlined below:
(i) health control programs for schistosomiasis,malaria, onchocerciasis and Guinea worm disease; - 28 -
(ii) a program for the selectiveremoval of vegetationcover the ensure adequate water quality, taking account of potential salt intrusion and of other downstream effects;
(iii) the possible use of the reservoir for fish production and recommendationsfor the necessary pre-impounding preparation for the reservoir;
(iv) a program to mitigate the :Lmpactof the project on affected people, taking into account socio-cultural factors; and
(v) a program to take care of the rare and endangered,and dangerousanimals whiLchmay be affected by the project.
91. The peaking/mediumload type operationof Nangbeto is not expected to have any significantadverse effect downstream. The increasedMono River flow during the dry season, as a result of the project, would mitigate the current problems of saltwaterintrusion into flood recession agricultureareas in such seasons. These areas are relatively small and located near Lokossa in Benin about 100 km downstream of Nangbeto. During the wet season the dam would be operated in such a way as to maintain adequate water level downstream. Agriculturein the lower Mono Valley is predominantlyrainfed so that a more regular supply of water could be beneflicialif correctlyexploited. A Masterplan Study (by Electroconsult/Louis Berger International) for Hydro- Agricultural Development of the Lower Mono River Valley, due for completion in late 1984, has begun to analyse this possibility. AfDB is financingthis study and CEB is the executingagency., Further analysis of the Masterplan and other proposalswould be conductedby CEB.
Project Monitoring and Reporting
92. During negotiationsdetailed monitoring and reporting requirements were discussed. CEB would submit to IDA detailed quarterly progress reports of project execution, including resettlementand environmentalmatters and copies of all reports submitted by their various consultantsand the Board of Experts. In addition, all three entities would submit quarterly reports regarding the progress of technical assistanceand training under the proposed project and the control of accounts receivable. Furthermore,CEB would agree with IDA, on arrangementsfor the annual inspectionof the Nangbeto dam and related structures,no later than one year before their expected completion (Section 5.02(b) of the Joint FinancingAgreement).
Least Cost Analysis
93. The best thermal alternativeto Nangbeto would be diesel generation having an available capacity of 45 MW (the firm power of Nangbeto). Both slow-speed and medium-speed diesels were corsidered in the analysis, with the economics slightly favoring the latter; slow-speedswere preferred, however, on account of their greater reliability. Allowing for an availabilityof 70%, - 29 -
64 MW of diesel would have to be installed; capacity requirementsshow that, in the absence of Nangbeto, an extra 64 MW of new thermal capacitywould be needed. Based on the available estimates,the present worth of the costs of Nangbeto are about US$68 million less than those of slow-speed diesel units. The equalizing discount rate is 14%. The effects of the proposed project on downstream recession agriculture are difficult to assess but are unlikely to have a significantly adverse impeact. At worst, the possible loss of about 6,500 hectares of land, when the dam is operational,would reduce the equalizing discount rate by 2% at most, to about 12%.
Economic Rate of Return
94. Under the project it is proposed to raise tariffs at all voltage levels to reflect the rising real costs of electricitysupply on CEB's system and the distributionnetworks of CEET and SBEE. It is proposed to raise the average bulk supply tariff in steps, and in real terms, from FCFA 15.5/kWh in 1983 to FCFA 31/kWh in 1989. The economic rate of return, based on these tariffs, is 10.2%. This rate of return demonstratesthat the average level of tariffs would be sufficientto cover the economic costs of the project and also that the project is economicallyjustified. The rate of return for the diesel alternative,at the above tariffs, would be 3.2% reflecting the fact that tariffs would have to be raised even further than proposed to meet the higher costs of diesel generation.
Project Risks
95. Nangbeto would be the first generating plant to be built by CEB, and the first sizable hydroelectricstation in Togo; its constructiondoes not pose any unusual engineeringrisks. To ensure competentand timely execution, CEB's institutionalarrangements would be strengthenedby the creation of a project management unit. CEB may have difficultiesin recruitingand retaining competent professionalstaff; however, a program of technical assistance and training would assist CEB in overcomingstaffing difficulties. The economic risk to the project due to delay in completionor a fall in internationalfuel prices is not too high. Furthermore,the market forecastsare conservativeand ancillarybenefits resulting from the project, not readily quantifiable,were not taken into account in the economic evaluation. The political risk arising from the binationalnature of the proposed project is minimal because of the history of cooperation,through the establishmentof CEB, in the power sectors of Benin and Togo.
PART V - LEGAL INSTRUMENTSAND AUTHORITY
96. The draft DevelopmentCredit Agreements between the People's Republic of Benin and the Republic of Togo and the Association,the draft Project Agreements between CEET and SBEE and the Association, the draft Joint FinancingAgreement between Benin, Togo, the Associationand CEB, and the Recommendationsof the Committee provided for in Article V, Section 1(d) of the Articles of Agreement of the Association,are being distributedseparately to the Executive Directors. - 30 -
97. Features of the draft Development Credit Agreementsof special interest including special conditionsof effectivenessare referred to in Section III of Annex III to this report.
98. I am satisfied that the proposed DevelopmentCredits would comply with the Articles of Agreement of the Association.
PART VI - RECOMMENDATION
99. I recommend that the Executive Directors approve the proposed DevelopmentCredits.
A.W. Clausen President
Attachments
Washington,D.C., June 1, 1984 - 31 - ANNEX 1 (Page 1 of 10)
BENIN - SOCIAL INDICArOUS DATA SHEET RENIN REFERENCE GROUPS (WEIGlOIED AVERAGES) Ia MUST (MOST R:ECENt ESTIMATE) /b REGCENT LOW LNCoME HIJDLE llCOmE 1960Z 1970-L ESTIMATt- AFRICA S. OF SAHARA AFRICA S. IS SAHARA AREA (THOUSAND SQ. Kl) TOTAL 112.b 112.6 112.b AGRlCULTLRAL 19.8 20.4 22.4
GNP PER CAPITA (USS) 100.0 140.0 320.0 234.b 1141.9
ENERGY CONSUINPTION PFR CAPITA (EILOGrANSS OF COAL E-.QUIVALENT) 38.1o 55.Q 70.J 79.8 72-.2
POPULAATION AND VITAL STATISTICS POPULATIODYMEG-YEAR (ThOUSANDS) 2050.U 2659.0 35Y5.0 URBAN POPEATION (/. U1 TOTAL) 9.S 12.6 14.b 19.5 26.0
POPULATIUN PROJECIlONS POPULATIUN EN YEAR 2000 (MILL) 6.6 STATIONARY POPULATION (MILL) 24.6 YEAR STATIONARY POP. REACHER 2135
POPULAfRON DENSITY PER Sq. Em. 18.2 23.6 30.9 29.5 56.5 PER S)2. EM:. AGRI. LAND 103.4 13L.2 155.5 94.1 131.6
POPULATIUN AGE SERUCTIEU C.. 0-14 YES 44.1 45.3 46.1 45.0 45.9 15-64 YRS 53.3 52.0 51.1 52.1 51.2 65 AND ABOVE 2.6 2.7 2.S 2.9 2.6
POPULATIRN GROWTH RACE (4) TOTAL 2.2 2.b 2.7 2.d 2.E URBAN 5.6 5.4 4.1 6.2 5.3
CRUDE BNTrTS KAAE (PEi rHOUS) 50.6 49.3 49.0 47.9 47.6 CRUEL DtATII RATC (PEE THOUS) 26.8 22,1 17.1 19.2 15.2 GRSS REPLOUCCTIO2 RATE 3.3 3 3 3.2 3.2 3.2
rANMI.Y PLANN19G AECEi.PTORS, ANNUAL (F5US1) .. . USERS (4 OF tIARRIEI WOMtEN) .. ..
FOOD AND NUTRITION INDEX OF FOOD PROD. PER GAPITA (1969-71=100) 95.0 101.0 92.0 67.6 9S.7
PER CAPITA SUPPLY oF CALORIES (. OF RLQUIKERIENTS) 100.0 97.0 103.0 88.0 97.1 PROlkL.S (GRAMS PER JAY) 55.0 54.U 54.0 51.2 56.L 1 3 OF iHICi A.N7IMAL AND PULSE 15.0O 15.0 .0/c 1.1 17.2
CHILD (AGES 1-4) DEATI RaNTE 49.0 4t.2 33.2 25.7 23 b
HEALTH LIFr EXPECT. AT BlRTh (YRARS) 37.2 42.1 49.9 47.4 51.9 INFANT HORT. RATr (PER TSlOUS) 205.6 179.4 152.1 12b.5 117.b
ACCESS TO SAFE SATER (%POP) TO'TAL .. .. 21.o 2-.7 25.4 URBA; .. .. o.5 U6. 7O.S RURAL .. ' .. I.O I.3 12.3
ALCtSS 12 LXCKETA DISPOSAL (S OF POPULATION) TOTAL . L.14.0 .. 2b.1 URBAN .. 63.J .. 00.7 RLEA- * I.U . . 21.9
POPULATION PER PFYSIEIAN 23030.9 26590.0 17050.u 27-2U.6 12101.h POP. PER NURSSIGs PERSON 27UO.O/d 2670.0 1670.0 3456.2 2292.0 POP. PER HOSPITAL BED rOTAL 750.0 850.0 730.0/c 118J.2 lOu..4 URBAN 540.0 230.o 390.077 3EO.b 455. 3 2 RURAL 780.0 2200.0 Ii 0.0/c 3177.5 392.7
7 ADiMSSIO.S PER iOSPITAL BED .. 30. 17. /.
HOUSING AVERAGE SLM: OF 1OUSEHOLD TOTAL .. .. URB.^.N ...... KJRAL .L. ..
AV0ERAGE 10. 0r rERSONS/ROOM TOTAL .. .. UREIN .. ... RURAQL . ....
ACGCESS ru ELECT. (H OF DWELLiNGS) rOTAL .. .. . URBAN ...... RURAL .. .. _------_ -_ -_ -_ -_ - -_ -_ - -_ -_- - - - -_ -_-_-_- - -_-_-_------_-__-_-_ _-_-_- -_-_- -_-_- -_-_-_ -_-_- -_-_- - 32 - ANNEX 1 (Page 2 of 10)
BENIN SOCIAL INDICATORS DATA SHEET BENIN REFERENCE GROUPS (WEIGHTED AVERAGES) /a MOST (HOST RECENT ESTIMATE) /b 196 lb RECENT /b LOW INCOME MIDDLE INCOHE 1960/b 1970-/ ESTIMATE- AFRICA S. OF SAHARA AFRICA S. OF SAHARA
FDUCATION ADJUSTED ENROLL;LENT RATIOS PRI'MARY: TOTAL 27.0 40.0 62.0 63.9 97.2 .LALE 38.0 55.0 84.0 73.6 103.1 FEMALE 15.0 25.0 39.0 51.6 88.5
SECONDARY: TOTAL 2.0 6.0 16.0 12.5 17.2 MALE 2.0 8.0 23.0 16.7 23.5 FE MALE 1.0 3.0 3.0 d.l 14.2
VOCATIONAL (7 OF SECONDARY) 12.9 4.1 8.1 7.3 5.2
PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO PRIMARY 41.0 44.0 48.0 46.4 42.9 SECONDARY 23.0 2'.0 31.0/e 25.1 23.7
ADULT LITERACY RATE (1) 4.6 1_.0/i 27.9 36.5 37.1
CONSUMPTION PASSENGER CAkS/TIiOUSAND POP 1.4 4.6 5.5/f 3.3 18.8 RAOIO RECEIVPES/TdOUSAND POP 12.2 32.0 71.9 45.3 97.8 TV RECEIVERSJTHOUSAND POP .. .. 0.1 2.2 18.6 NEWSPAPER (SDAILY GENERAL INTEREST') CIRCULATION FER TiiOUSAND POPULATION 1.5 3.8 0.3 4.7 18.2 CI0E4MA ANNUAL ATTENDANCE/CAPITA 0.2 D.5 0.3/f 1.0 0.b
LABOR FORCE TOTAL LABOR FORCE (fHOUS) 1449.U 1292.0 1621.0 FEiMALE (PERCENT) 45.4 45.1 45.3 34.5 36.1 AGRICULTURE (PERCENT) 54.0 50.0 46.0 76.9 56.8 INDUSTRY (PERCENT) 9.0 12.0 16.0 9.8 17.5
PARTICIPATION RATE (PERCENT) TOTAL 51.2 48.6 45.1 40.9 37.0 MALE 57.1 54.3 51.4 53.0 47.1 FEMALE 45.5 43.1 39.3 28.9 27.0
ECONOMIC DEPENDENCY RATIO 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3
INCOME DISTRIBUTION PERCENT OP PRIVATE INCOME RECEIVED EY 3 4 HIGhEST 5X OF HlOUSEHOLDS 1. /g .. hlGUliEST 20% OF HOUSEHOL3S 51.7_ .. LOWY'EST 20% OF HjOUSEHOLDS 5.Sg ... LOWEST 407. OF iuUSEO .d7J ......
POVERTY TARGET GROUPS ESTIMIATED ABSUOLUTE POVLRTY INCOME LEVLL (USS PER CAFITA) UREAI ...... 165.9 534.2 RURAL .. .. 84.0/h 87.4 255.9
ESTIMATED RELAfIVE POVERiTY INCOME LEVEL (JSS PEK CAPIrA) LRBA:i ...... 100.8 491.5 RURAL .. .. 82.0/h 64.6 188.1
ESTi3lArED eoP. BELOW ABSOLUTE POVLRTY lICODD- LEVCL (X) ilBAN ...... 39.5 PRURAL .. .. 65.0 69.0
.. NOT AVAILABLE NOT APPLICAELE N 0 r E S
/a The group averages for each indicator are population-weighted arithmetic means. Coverage of countries among the indicators depends on availability of data and is not uniform.
/h llnls. otherwE-e noted, 'Data for 1960" refer to any year between 1959 and 1961; 'Data for 1970' between 1969 and 1971; and data for ".lost Vecent Estimate" between 1979 anE 1981.
c 1977; /d 1962; /e 1975; /1 1976; /g Population; /h 1978; i 1973. EL~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~~~~~~OylR -33 - ANNEX 1 (Page 3 of 10)
DEFINCTtONSb OF SOCIAL INIICATOtS
tiara. nIobea9h the data ara -dr-n frsenrsgneal-udged th .mat...tatf... and relible, it should aI- be noted r-bat they aynt beInorntnna onmnoai.bla nosos of the 1..k of -ta -deti-d deftitbinn. andBonoptuodby differet oon~ oo Iiart, the data. Tbe dare are, nntann ettt
Th eeat :gopsaei) b ae onr gtop oZth au_ eo onanrj1Y ad (2) onontry grouP with ecsanb bighet a--rag Loos h..o the ooryg poftb Tuhic nunnery. fecp o "1bicme i aotee rupara'idt one obhronad'idl ae n beoboas faIroe oionloa
Toal-ubn ur an re csyinoglad tt ad otanfacea 90 p tyhnin quabi itydtn f eunna cho at-olireiy Lbe 'T1Th191 anddale. Poruattun rethtoniogh-arnon- Popltnododr yuahe- ofproto
tQyI so fgydt. _aroeePIn peiIfsyncl nea--cold, uran,end otal..ptacin1(c6Ql FPRma!,tac rural-," d d..bythir.. mali ecited n b a o-at hoyta pteds
19700. lO 9l,ad.,.tORIad dart, i~ .1I. 19 by otleastnnpcsco ... fa ...tiahtei proud tog prola - .yatdta
19601, 1970, and 1981 daoo. ura.up .a.ltlf Wf ruipt(eea hospItal,.end.rual VnRGI CO-SID[PTION_1 _aonpioantPER C~~~~~~~~TTA lcal o rura bu pi_,ln ainoll to ooo Potycro deI. locl-y.. Pptatlno- nid-iear toua nds eo uy1 6,t91 n 91bnsl e oytlld-Ttal t'se Iof Id_Inuntour ihnar data, from hosylnals din-ided"'t" byteusr fl beds, jj. b, ya ,_
9an countries; 191119 971,endlOftdat. -orotf'ire of -nnblP oeonorhueol)-ttl rbc o oa tuuano Prlcto Ahonudnoaneo gopo ulndo sace lnngqret KPULAeION M inVaITAL -Crrotonl nd ppuatin enandcoirsrtain oyicinrn(rlonTcebsdAnTISadThiIsiCSanp ae an frn luy te oonhod fo atlinlpuryonen0bure r ogr dblO o bd a -_~nnhelroddi menlraalauahrornncns atunsfvrl,nbu,ddroelulrannoha cois.fnsnraloyoaencmrranof rojctinyaasaer 0
aesomP-Ii-g deln -n stirynPI-1 rdlto.i ftlb use len anfen ail cc i dlrintro dpecYn ci~l-baltige tta,ura,dndrra
since rateInthe bIrthequal to the deat coon,and lan he ag toountl otrontro onstat.onalts Ths is nhiend onl Afacdtdolen iteafrilocue Itc ~~Plby ..... :Pd,:- . - a .. i~~~~~~~~ A b. n-Incs-toal m dsnltoetnobacaplnnssentlnonlfotittntrnpondocnictroie,ube cfoo-ctt.aaa..ril. eodo...... l
...- cstinodlary pop L lationity reachdi- The ye -araim 1 noo luac nivnnoeyyfoae o hnentofflylsholae pupolnciualto wil hroehd.bnnuy col-roa,nl and fnLb U-Cspndnab sncoe
cddlrta;900, Oll, and 000 dote,=ppidnotyv lu unro f;nnrncdu aduro r
,fyi-tto_rtoopreoP,, a,_tcar-fonto-ren rle i d-lep u;191,190h.u.la --nod Igfdone 1
puyoinnloofuc 1951-1, 9 a andth0 19-1 . uh ne-rnoo,tag of Ltotal alum no -olaiuoe GII- yo lnnod uer. -l yerfp_ tic 90 90,uf10 deco. l-.fyftoio Cdoh
populaton;96, 1011,ood 00 dat.ca, oIn 1eo ficooughtl- yocaonn nolfnPiosll _onee faruno CrneRtruutl cn_loneonage cofe ni~ daug hto a tatnan il ea oyc -lonlyonoIlhe_1
prugran. floceionnulprnhconacdpkotacou-l-rncoifnr. iorcadc ao-nnn
ynellylaocin-Oaen (pecooro narld.ooo- yfat orgeo an-m erunoyrfcoo.ntdttlandoroocarootti sua 9nOc0tOharid I0 1-ucuo c i ot-oro1onn o-onnv6 u,,gn e0,0n
t4oyo... ilcodlr -dado ipoo-alcsdfc-lV l- l--Ic f'oc'doyaoo ,n, nn.tvcnltvro-vo'dh h~oc iu-huLaoluI_cohI_0 7WoalyiudncI9novI9tlOo.d798I fond.- otr.ndCnnconIn n ncoron, ycdnnrocnttrco ooonu hnisyrnac oonlu. nonoluelroho"d ttcOrct.yicnyart yn r Iynanihouurfanrttndeaaeed pr soacarouodf , olcchrndneudcnoooclcu 00nlniillolahorr lo-oldoctioioolrfcle6et 0 intErn ardneatItoocf ndol."Id-c-ionog"Jd""niocofncf.daoo...y... o_l)a_jnr
'ohn,edcage ccn.te oyli nldoto fdrd teeePcotrItae; 100 i nOlh ea quatci-hfawtsdlf-d_tonnaogunlown loionlucu. drollaffononnooigoful--rfue oalaecot tr .ho0foc c unl .hutlo o 19nea 19llgiaatdhdfIbaa dro dacan n 'r frcoe (rrnol- 0 oclnirndettccsietro'oincacaIesne,ta..o..e ..odyalgr_ LihcI rncaeofootlhcito 00.ilad1f u IIo tn_cc.n h-euac-uolo agesen ai dntrihotc 1 puoefc"Io ndah uo 1pecu cann oocyliceo au ctcI or-tnuie-l lo -tOol-k, 17 atd108 dna.an R. a) oniclcl p. enc.dlt0 rnt iOtlbo nr; f tooeuplyf codyetJoy ie npp-.. c ou-d,b it On96no no aco atonolouid eiocI-mcl a ud....itnae-fc into Iye a wllunarre~~n edyod cneinnlv noo aiboanfcc)yntcalofrnl,oeofnloy dnloIfttllgnnnntin
T1hirknldt oc S-tory; -PI'.fb-t oa.OnoclnOoronrc -91-i,lOl.rdtol [ao -I_l tnnlofocccI udI ott fercn..ornicopofoaiaad us-ronoupyvltbooiheinnltuh_ robe den-ned ..ira -olnlnod potionin --000 d day; 1901-hi, tl o 1071ad 1~ai '---1f. rd Aa ca. 190000b 111110,l`yflI- - -1.d -1c-- 7 Ocildleac lgew touolpc l-~ tonnocdl-atoaldrahepectunnuudo tornatuonoftrooni. Iccuc tori_ondnfooc..o..-...ch-od..y......
_room 0111101TAl.hO.09021
an irth190, 900and1901- d Pto. ocool to octoproce5ot oc70eot-l run9Inc -curndut- lcarncaltoanyecuood-A''nlrnlnuIocaooovfrantagoperbooanotf.tlthe;900.v?Icdtflduu. ninCEcotbornnycnocldhtnnruvtollpconooncoonloof inhsctcvelnonhnlveh -conoina
nflanOte -0m (pprnau of ...alo oP l co,oc 00t,,oIotlyaoqoodo Io eothtoc-nocqltocoI o nalnfapplyfinl-odotcrahotottuneucoc Lcoceudnnftoao eltc -ocrtnca,nlfhcracl_a)-onnorr Nohtatrul tnl cn,adrrtalhrnt I decrecoeafchot q--Li svOotht co yurgolhceonwayio0.roOo197ltinpoenyans)oal1n9-tldnaorae-ocayn nnt -nayonltLaatpenmtad 0 hhel co enn ouoto. oo anvn rt f orur .l_um t rle c cert
tucan.oruoolceotiracnoFlACcenutlylbafr hoenf' adov-ynnc.lnylrc)rhto oalnlrbou-_ 1otnnn
1 cocnua,-iondP96II 1Nntlo, ad pori o_ :,honu.occnonor ltctodnthe cullepcilco at-ao and tyue-craanne.ctdiycol , elmccelinf roc-iona .. o.ci loo...udbo ac tnin ptonaho ld io brunt" lulo . la 190 - 34 - ANNEX 1 BEMINI (Page 4 of 10)
CONOXIC INDICATORS
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN 1981 UnUAL RATE O GROWTH,% (1978 constant pricee)
USS Million % of .DP 1976-8t
GDP at Market Prices 951.8 100.0 3.1 Gross Domestic Investment 333.6 35.0 14-1 Gross Domestic Saving 12.5 1.3 9.5 Current Account Balance -328.9 -34.6 14.2 Exports of Goods, NFS 298.9 31.4 11.5 Imports of Goods, NFS 658.0 69.1 7.2
OUTPUT, LABOR FORCE AND PRODUCTIVITY IN 1981 Value Added Labor Force Value added per Worker USS Million % Thousand _ iUS %
Agriculture 369.8 44.5 1,220.0 73.6 303.1 59.9 Industry, Construction and Public Works 102.5 13.4 100.3 6.1 1021.9 201.8 Services 367.6 42.1 335.2 20.3 1086.9 214.6 GDP at Factor Cost 839.9 100.0 1658.5 100.0 506.4 100.0
GOVERNMENTFINANCE Central Government (CYAU Billion) 3 of GDP 1981 1981W97 l a/
Current Reveenue 52.6 20.6 16..6 Current Expenditures 34.8 t3.8 It.3 Investment Expenditures 25.1 9.8 4.7 Transfers 0.4 0.2 0.4 let lending 2.8 1.1 2.0 Overall deficit (-) -10.5 -4.1 -1.2 External Borrowing 13.9 5.4 2.4
MONEY, CREDIT AND PRICES 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 (Billion CFAP Outstandingi End Period)
Money and Quasi Money 30.6 34.9 39.0 46.7 61.4 71.3 Net Claims on Central Government -7.1 -9.4 -12.9 -11.8 -17.5 -20.9 Bank Credit to Private Sector a/ 32.1 38.6 47.1 59.4 85.0 87.0
(Percentage or Index Number)
Money and Quasi Money as % of GDP 22.5 23.2 23.2 23.9 28.5 27.6 General Price Index (1978-100) 83.8 86.8 100.0 113.3 131.1 159.2
Annual Percentage Change in: General Price Index .. 3.6 15.2 13.3 15.7 21.4 Net Claims on Central Gov' t. .. -32.4 -37.2 8.5 -48.3 -19.4 Bank Credit to Private Sector .. 20.2 22.0 26.1 43.1 2.6
a/ AveraCe. b/ Includes Public Enterprises. TRADU ?tAYHEHTS AO CAPITAL V3IAJS
!AIAN OF IA Y3iiT5 19g4 1977 19)8 1979 J9B0 19S1 IERCHAUrDSM19t19RTS *cr- .I l8 (Aversse 1917-4983.Eacorded)
txpLta oat odA*1 "Vs 9 1. 221.1 302.0 311.0 295.9 t1tn Iroducts 11.9 20.) I,P-1"Ib .U C J., 11FS 25l.2 332.4 312.0 509.1 702.6 65s.0 Cuc.o flans 9.1 16.5 kII:.c.6 4C.P (Jef1icI- -) -119.1 -126.1 -148.9 -20G.1 -379.6 -359.0 Cotton 9.2 16.3 All Other Cu_oditlee 26.2 43.1 I.."tufu P..y..os..(.it) - 0.04 - 0.20 - 0.27 - 0.94 - 2.31 - 1.73 Total AecaOrJdd 56.S 100.0 ,6l-.L. Ittte 'uu 16.1 23.1 36.5 39.4 44.0 J1.9 Tutal Uosracordcd 161.4 286.2 3'uI.w¢eTn 3 .1 2.9 * 3.2 *1/ *I I ll|4a-u --. C-...L Acc..uut -99.1 -110.3 -108.9 -136.1 -3380. -328.9 19XEtILAI. 1M11T. DECtlBiY3 31. _I981 "Uj, WIII - d...ff.l4 Gf.-g 51.4 1.4 331.4 64.4 5(1.6 86.0 bl.t.-I 1.. ,uI~,. t...vg 1aIenes I u t*us2 .. . t..... 4.4 0).8 36.81 3 31.9D a 3Publ l3 3.t (0.buteed) 549.0 I fi4_ Hr 1t....ul..sut 11.6 20.6 12.2 42.0 271.1 351.3 Hk-g;..rantioc:J 1FirivaIi DVbt .1S T,,;di 0uctta.,2In9 mnd DOiboresd It-ll CV.1 llal (..nL) 16.8 I 0. S1 6.4 15. 231.0 011-.1 li... a...I. 41_v *t g,. .m,,.1...0stoms 39.6 4.6 - 3.6 7 .2 - 46.1 12.1
U-9.. II1 I.4.cc S.S - 1.1 -21.6 - 12.9 4.8 51.2 IJ.A Y....'... Zl(u.A ysur)I/ 35.0 31.8 2.3 - is.) - 10.6. 46.0 D!:YT SERVICE RATIO rflO 1981 bt
&'uI..Iu. tIa.poli all I2 ol t'.1.i 3.p.rtm 1.6 9.4 9.1 10.0 6.0 1.5 lubIIC Denbt (Dlebured,l) NI-CIuJfIn cuarant..a PrivateD bat '.2 ldo.u*.,uudPrivateDebt Thta6 Out ut&.fiX4InSao4 Utaburs.d . l1X:CIAIWL RAT&! I.VAV_P. _USI
_.:4. of 1, rioJ 3.IN03IC, Ity 11, _I)/3DA191Z V3RD J -0
IVl'l 219 248 9J 13 246 216 Oui.ino.l. g cd DlISLurNes - i6D.d9 1978 276 209 . . ,,Jt,burand -7.91 i97)9 212 201 Dou..t IInIt l.iclud.lnu uwi,labur"4 - 92.96 IJlid 210 226 39313 212 281 I)ul 329 336 bi
.* *loc-Ju4 W wugiors ro tittimu:uI ><: ktltiuLl of J.L.l UgW3e to 4*ap.rte Of goudi asid survicas (Iscluiluig unrocardadi xport.). ' I.- 0 Fcorai1 gn ginot) ui Cenitatl R..k
I-). 36- ANNEX 1 (Page 6 of 10)
TOGO - SOCIAL INDICATORS DArA SHEET TOGO REFERENCE GROUPS (WEIGHTED AVERAGES) /a MOST (MOST RECENT ESTIMATE) /b lb lb RECENT LOW INCOME MIDDLE INCOME 1960- 1970- ESTIMAT4- AFR):CA S. OF SAHARA AFRICA S. OF SAHARA AREA (THOUSAND SQ. KN) TOTAL 56.8 56.8 56.8 ACIRICLlLTURAL 14.7 16.1 16.2
GtYP PER CAPITA (US$) 80.0 170.0 380.0 254.6 1147.9
ENERGY CONSUMPIION PER CAPITA (KIL,OGRAMS OF COAL EQUIVALENT) 22.0 62.0 203.0 79.8 724.2
POPULATION AND VITAL STATISTICS POPJLATION,MID-YEAR (THOUSANDS) 1506.0 2020.0 2664.0 LRBAN POPHLATION (I OF TOTAL) 9.8 13.1 20.6 19.5 28.5
POPULATION PROJECTIONS POPULATOIN IN YEAR 2000 (MILL.) 4.9 STATIONARY POPULATION (MILL) 15.4 YSIAS STATIONARY POP. REACHED 2140
POPULATION DENSITY PER SQ. KM. 26.5 35.6 45.4 29.5 56.5 PER SQ. EM. AGRI. LAND 102.8 125.8 159.1 94.1 131.8
SSPJLATIO AGRE STRUCTURE 5%) S-IS YRS 44.0 45.3 46.5 45.0 45.9 15-64 YRS 53.4 52.0 50.9 52.1 51.2 69 AND ABOVE 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.9 2.8
POPITLATION GROWTH RATE (ri) RI)TAI. 2 . 2 2 .9 2.5 2.1 2.1 URBAN 5.2 5.9 6.6 6.2 5.3
CRUDE BIRTH EATS (PER THOUS) 50.8 50.1 49.5 47.9 47.6 C0UDE DEATH RATE (PER THOUS) 23.1 19.8 18.4 19.2 15.2 GROSS REPRODUCTION RATE 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.7
FANLLY PLANNING ACCEPTORS, ANNUAL (THOUS) .. . 0SER5 (N OF MARRIED WOMEN) ......
FOOD AND NUTRITION INDEX OF FOOD PROD. PER CAPITA (1969-71=100) 99.0 102.0 88.0 87.8 95.7
PEP CAPITA SUPPLY OF CALORIES (% OF RFQUIREMENTS) 97.0 92.0 95.0 88.0 97.1 PROTEINS (GRAMS PER DAY) 46.0 45.0 47.0 51.2 56.0 2 OF WHICH ANIMAL AND PULSE 11.0 11.0 1 .0/c 18.1 17.2
2511. (AGES 1-4) DEATH RATE 41.8 28.1 20.4 25.7 23.6
HEALTH LIFE EXPECT. AT BIRTH (YEARS) 41.9 46.3 47.8 47.4 51.9 [.NYANT MORT. RATE (PER THOUS) 181.5 134.0 106.7 126.5 117.6
ACCESS TO SAFE WATER (%POP) TOTAL . . 17.0 16.0/d 24.7 25.4 llRBAN .. .. 49.07 56.8 70.5 RURAL .05. 0 Io. o7 18.3 12.3
ACCESS TO EXCRETA DISPOSAL (N OS POPULATIOS) TOTAL ' ' 1.0 15.0/d 28.1 URBAN 4.0 36.0o0 65.7 RLRA ' ' 1.0 12.077 21.9
POPULATION PER PHYSICIAN 47060.0 28860.0 18100.0 27420.6 12181.6 POP. PER N0RSING PERSON 5340.0/e 4310.0 1430.0 3456.2 2292.0 Pr'P. PER HOSPITAL BED 7 ro riL 780.0 670.0/f 00.O/c 1183.2 1075.4 JRBAN 210.0le 160.0 250.0o7 380.6 402.3 RS- AL, 1030. 077 1500.0 1190. 0/c 3177.5 392 6. 7
ADMIISSIONS PUR HOSPITAL BED .. 2 4.3 ..
HOUSING AVERAGE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLD TOTAL .. 5.8 .. . SRBAN ...... RLURAL ......
AVERAGE NO. OF PERSONS/ROOM TOrAL .D...... JRBAN ...... RNUAL ......
ACCESS TO RLECT. (% OF DiWELLINGS) lODAL ...... ORBAN ...... RITRAL ......
------…------ANNEX 1 (Page 7 ot '0)
TOGO - SOCIAL INDICATORS DATA SHEET TOGO REFERENCEGROUPS (WEIGHTED AVERAGES) /s MOST (MOST RECENT ESTIMATE) lb R1970EbECENT LOW INCOME MIDDLE INCOHE bESTIMATE,/b19709 AFRICA S. OF SAHARA AFRICA S._OF SAHARA
EDUCATION ADJUSTED ENROLLMENTRATIOS PRIMARY: TOTAL 44.0 69.0 116.0 63.9 97.2 MALE 63.0 95.0 144.0 73.6 103.1 FEHALE 24.0 43,0 89.0 51.6 88.5
SECONDARY: TOTAL 2.0 7.0 33.0 12.5 17.2 MALE 4.0 11.0 51.0 16.7 23.5 FEMALE 1.0 3.0 16.0 8.1 14.2
,+ VOCATIONAL (% OF SECONDARY) 10.1 9.6 6.1 7.3 5.2
PUPIL-TEACHER RATIO PRIMARY 60.0 58.0 55.0 46.4 42.9 4 SECONDARY .. 25.0 0.0/c 25.1 23.7
7 ADULT LITERACY RATE (7) 9. /e 15.9 18.0/& 36.5 37.1
CONSUHPrION PASSENGER CARS/THOUSANDPOP 1.9/h 3.6 6.0/i 3.3 18.8 RADIO RECEIVERS/THOUSAND POP 3.5 19.8 213.3 45.3 97.8 TV RECEIVERS/THOUSANDPOP .. .. 3.9 2.2 18.6 NEWSPAPER ("DAILY GENERAL INTEREST") CIRCULATION PER THOUSANDPOPULATION 1.3 6.4 2.8 4.7 18.2 CINEMA ANNUALATTENDANCE/CAPITA 0.2/j .. I.O/d 1.0 0.6
LADOR FORCE TOTAL LABOR FORCE (THOUS) 690.0 885.0 1075.0 FEMALE (PERCENT) 39.2 41.3 41.4 34.5 36.1 AGRICULTURE (PERCENT) 80.0 73.0 67.0 76.9 56.8 INDUSTRY (PERCENT) 8.0 11.0 15.0 9.8 17.5
PARTICIPATION RATF (PERCENT) TOTAL 45.8 43.8 40.4 40.9 37.0 HALE 56.8 52.3 49.2 53.0 47.1 FEMALE 35.3 35.6 32.2 28.9 27.0
ECONOMIC DEPENDENCYRATIO 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.2 1.3
INCOMEDISTRIBUTION PERCENT OF PRIVATE INCOME RECEIVED BY HIGHEST 5% OF HOUSEHOLDS .. HIGHEST 202 OF HOUSEHOLDS .. LOWEST 20% OF HOUSEHOLDS .. LOWEST 40% OF HOUSEHOLDS .
POVERTYTARGET GROUPS ESTIMATED ABSOLUTE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (US$ PER CAPITA) 4 URBAN .. .. 2 3.0/g 165.9 534.2 RURAL .. .. 118.0j7 87.4 255.9
ESTIMATED RELATIVE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (US$ PER CAPITA) URBAN .. .. 121.0/g 100.8 491.5 RURAL .. .. 121.O|g 64.6 188.1
ESTIMATED POP. BELOW ABSOLUTE POVERTY INCOME LEVEL (Z) URBAN .. .. 42.0_g 39.5 RURAL ...... 69.0
NOT AVAILABLE NOT APPLICABLE N 0 T E S
/a The group averages for each indicator are population-weighted arithmetic means. Coverage of countries among the indicators depends on availability of data and is not uniform.
/b Unless otherwise noted, "Data for 1960" refer to any year between 1959 and 1961; 'Data for 1970" between 1969 and 1971; and data for "Most Recent Estimate" between 1979 and 1981.
/c 1977; /d 1975; /e 1962; /f Government hospital establishments; /g 1978; /h 1964; /i 1974; .j 1957.
May 1983 -38 ANNEX 1 (Page 8 of 10)
'm-11y s-p f 1- .. bj --p ry to or Oc-tts. iUtCtlO
w~.rablwbosoeci of ii. I sci c stooiso s ofIo otrsat as ydiioo caolss olc 0i os 5ds at., ow.ofiwww Ets SwotiwcrOca f agottod--- , c irot irosso o ooaI.,orwcsjrdiir.acobss.cwoiw 15 rforsiwirctOI ifc uc occora. orco f on we lut iteycyco (2 a cesay icia cul asso lsttsctsosloo u. it ocaiepstopto it
frfl~~~~~~~~~~~)p7f-lfl-j7cleo - foaeisdiotds by ostbs, of prertlci 7t0 (ibocsaotai aqbw.) 4 lIosd10 oe NssiH. osn Poa csltc dowidsa byscseofpqitg
or cop.,pastboce. tcto. itoto grdso irii Is illcot 1960, -L.,o csi..r. s 0
OSOc 1979, ecd 1951 dots ho.ci isist. 0,$ srtt osb stoospod g eIsIialytcs a
I rrt 110,~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~Sptl.Itaoott r a-,aI sod,L.sasrit tw.s.. 960t,ttoo otto 19rAl d.ililfIls Spra itss Isrtl r ciddclp cii Ictel oceIccct.-io ofdaly OL-testlotcciods) I tSbO.1970,ewe utfiosiow ootIccapisi sod- Octl coeir ofdo. awassbso e dlso.stgs FKActs. Mre. plel1dllid y tw.nebo c bdS Oybc rircicPocaictocI o noii I- ic toof rtsoSc ctc pop tcio difiwost s pdoitttiots ottrt cysooittipci f cotesrsosdisfacdOS cU cnlla 90 ll,-o Oildots. fts i oclb,oiod isocs- rasoci -sot.abo.sd os
scpta bone to.),idas). tt. tcoeoeocoab 11000 a 71.0 -d.slloII r -syassp. .. -051 tc., cc- lidoI oc-pesiotsoiers s.d aosit byr.Tb icMstI t oooIoIr ho -tlsooy oIaotald rs cool~dolictotooltycoorlt o oos scl o psitsardosot tsrrc1t,~oco o dotlis ioi.ero. odrrc piai - aicroors tctoc,rlitoo sor.cw..Is. it ecwtee isolI..... cin oleolci to. -- piMcrtr o soos se Liclo; Ierr77fwrotp oZsotIytstofrocwoc . o =ossl. or-,-Prra slai rostol.-
1 darti.r to r-tscctn .:os of-icoct no- crcatoort,Iot-ol isPio - oo.!M oosdlsdic, - Oca si si ss
tasls ofohsoycio ic to ics sso2000, soM i coo dcc-in of o doiiic Mor lirt scb ci rtsy ocic o fsclitltlicol . praso to rslecowsoi occnirtow citt cotiwral. bd...stooe sofi a ioosdh 100 p..rso
.soscteitoo .o.l-r .deofooocdog elrsss - -e-Ooryaso opoo picylstooln - hlt-ea poic to o yossicoop10tcessli Ircelosgsr1, ocr12 ic17 y-cr Sea.; rtoo ntera a toisi29(9, ericol sod 1960 (900 dta. papito a-1 ll drc-i tt f i 0 orspcsoocar r Srs.0 otelrc1 ppaelr 19600.1970, sot 1981 do t. ftpari-So~ r ret. c- prta r-o oroey1os edtsetoid Is poor optaollolot19(9SC, tS-T, eo .,.-I r..h- .. d-poonoing ras bot.-M ,:H pop.tclcoCosot eir otl- rt -orbooert_c ie-t rice if ertc cl tLc--Y ro (porcio 7 U-lsri odatos (botted cat f.t) Oct40 urSSer(pth tcti - cood -lIctctsr th- oc1 ofp ale..Mf.." c-.p,-- psf 9oyalrlt1990>, cr0 191 oc.oisfFr Crdatetht.i rortoosot(- on)drtt pt hotid o sd-oo PicterCas ri Scsed ooclSto - Iswci Ifacetwsoscdo poes 16, "rr 19 co-90 oa -or-sclt asTletLorprcclcotds silosifoso o teosaOoiroocotoSet-Ooacto ooco o iootScrs ane sit isitsr obr. for Sr orsleclcoproed ryrd i to oyorioc .-pI o-spoht...dtI -P O to If,,r dtce-t f r, ci- ct - 01 typo cf rss.or for rd- a P,t iisoa.r...ssllrotrhacd--eos diorg--s-occirai clisario etr ftoo a te tara. lrolott(ootocoeceecl4o t.s i-oi ocoreir -,,If of telo- co csotra.1 froettoocldTiod-eic 'du-I If- iia-psrsa Eoor ootdlsooooe foidsodtonc s -rolotecCcocolIls pit 0000 rlssr 00a t.~.Ciose Snoc -col-dsr bor Ocotis too tea-lsdo ibro 0 saacealotedowor(alr otcltt elcet I oilot o..iiroa od ole oofat ooe toiss baietiPt."osa o ro :;.:cdIceoe00ldO."oceopoooc:ht -sooor d scOtI oitts -i teas. Leads7000< 181d.. osry qloooro o oitolcsswtoot oo i rIpti parrorrs sod-dcbtofo boatdo tloioctoooios tdot,t. roo dc. ttibtt ositlepl ietesrlc rootlo,rs,its t. oolelo o 11sos.teltoon i 'r oe ocotio ss c atr itacctcd It-S.-:l 191-,91'15; ste., d.t. E= .c el rlty ase co tee anf roa c -iocicis lbor iors tb pr-sjpotoc d- d-- otlo coass socol to1960 970ssr 19olo d.cot 10,27.sd10 ii Os r ur 5tosrrl rt ae dais. tietOot 020It 2500100~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~P- WLth ...... 9090000 so.t U1 Yotloisi.- so, -esoo aI oiTa. itiseiia F9TiTehTotsrseyorctctossiraipoca ono e 9 at -.P o;I 900 .. sod to. as.icl o tora Owr ootasl Sto fwfoo orollt Oitt tae oftotontcc tloo.o.I(-Acmolcdorccifwtaet2 Owocisto irt lees loal uStp.ocarta -ebsnsodteti -39- ANNEX 1 (Page 9 of 10) I1CONMN!C 0TrCATORS GROSS tA7:CNAL POCt 1 1981 U55 ti11±c,o S Annual rate of troveh (, eurnt prices) 1975--al n:P at market pr±ces , 869.4 98.2 10.6 ODP ac market prices 885.6 100.0 11.1 Cross docestic IzvezcMtts 2S0.9 28.3 6.7 Gross dcrnsc±t savingS 135.1 15.2 14.6 Currenc accounc balance -173.1 -19.5 - 5 Exports (G + FFS) 222.1 2S.1 13.7 Inports (C + NMS) 360.1 40.7 10.4 .* OUV?'. t2OR FtORC! ASNDP.0Ournm IN 2o980 Value added tAbor forer Value added 3er worker USS ili''on Thousacd ' US$ : of averate Agriculture 238.4 26.1 750 79.0 317.9 33.0 Industry, construct:on i public works 186.8 20.4 24 3.0 7,733.3 309.1 Government 102.4 11.2 39 4.1 2,625.6 272.3 Coerce and tranasport 308.5 33.8 67 7.0 4,604.5 478.6 Other services 77.S 8.3 70 6.9 1,111.4 120.9 CDP at fac:or costs 913.9 100.0 950 100.0 962.0 00OVUt1Ne!NT7.&-L-fC,- C?A btllSoa I of CDP 1975 1981 1975 1981. Revenue 32.9 63.0 24.9 25.3 Tax recei;ts 31.4 53.0 23.7 22.1 Other 1.5 10.0 1.2 4.2 tx,end' 'Jre s 35.0 74.6 26.5 31.0 Cursect budget 22.6 67.2 17.1 23.0 ravesnenr budget 9.1 7.4 i.9 3.1 Other 3.3 - 2.5 - Spec±al accounts 0.3 - 0.2 - Annex budgets 0.3 -0.3 0.2 -0.2 Ovcral: deficits -2.7 -12.1 -2.0 -5.0 Mazo item: CD? current ptices 132.3 240.0 - - .MOYEY,C.T .-N ?!lC!S 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 '981 (3illion COA7 oucstaad4±g ecd period) Money and cuas± notey 15.9 30.5 28.2 41.2 4a.0 64.9 69.2 72.3 101.5 Bank credi: Co puolic seccor -1.9 -2.5 1.4 1.2 1.3 6.2 6.6 4.5 15.4 3lnk credit to private sector 13.3 16.3 24.6 32.2 44.2 51.0 57.1 64.7 61.3 tPereatage or index nu-ber) Money and quasi mootyn of CZP,, 17.5 22.6 21.3 27.8 25.1 32.4 32.6 32.S 42.3 Consumer price index (1975 =CI)- 75.1 S4.7 100.0 111.6 :16.7 137.3 147.6 165.9 200.0 Annual percentage change in: Consumer orsce index - 12.7 18.0 11.6 22.4 0.4 7.5 '2.4 20.6 Sank credi: to public sector - -31.5 - -14.3 50.0 244.4 6.6 -31.J 242.2 Bank credit to private sector - 22.5 51.3 29.7 37.3 15.4 12.0 13.3 -4.3 I/ Annual average -40- ANNEX 1 (Page 10 of 10) TD t ^.v.bs^ km ClPM:AL FM-MI SAILA.CE OF ?AYm'TSr 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 (13s$ uil.tou) Zxp0rts (G + XF51 141.2 158.9 195.1 2.7.5 250.9 360.2 222.1 L-ports (4 i VYS) -242.9 -212.S -300.4 -519.9 -524.8 -529.9 -360.1 aseource gap (deticit -) -101.7 -53.6 -105.3 --262.4 -273.9 -169.7 -138.0 InteresC payuant3 (ndt) -1.9 -3.3 -5.7 -24.3 -29.0 -51.2 -49.4 Workars' rem:itancea 3.3 5.4 5.3 5.3 7.1 7.1 5.5 Other faccor PaycaUs (oat) -14.0 -8.4 -13.0 -L3.2 -23.t -38.0 -13.4 Net transfers 13.7 16.7 20.3 22.1 25.6 2S.6 22.2 Balancs on current account -9S.6 -43.2 -98.4 -272.5 -290.9 -223.2 -173-.1 Direc: foreign investment 4.8 6.3 8.1 8.3 10.5 - - jet 'LT borrnwLn& 50.5 55.6 113.S 246.0 290.0 201.9 143.9 Cap±ca.l grarea 19.1 lS5.0 '5.0 25.7 26.2 49.3 43.9 Orher capital (net) 14.0 -16.7 -32.5 4.0 -31.4 36.0 111.9 Other items, 2.s.1. 15.4 -15.0 -31.7 4.4 -33.3 -24.7 -37.3 Change in reserves (increaa * -) -8.2 -2.0 Z5.6 -16.4 29.0 39.3 t9.3 Net reserves (end year) 1/ 38.8 58.1 33.7 50.4 2S.8 51.4 121.4 Patrol inorcs as 1 totsl rerc. imtttS -t - 9.0 10.2 11.9 19.2 18.6 ?etrol exporz aas . cotal north. exp - - - 12.0 21.4 23.7 5.1 ne tc fore±ga asse-t. of he Centralta MCtowN0UE5Z E3C27TS (averaf e 1975-80, recorded) Mosphate 97.1 41. ' Cocoa beans 40.5 17.4, Coffee 23.3 10.0 All ocher co==adStdas 71.9 30.9 ocal. 232.8 100.0 Er-MR-.AL D:T, December 31. 1981 - USI illi ?Ubllc debt (disbursed) 'ncl. guarancsed 90a.1 .on-ejuarantmed private d-b: - tocal outstanding and dl±bursed 9CS.1 !Xc1-LGE PATe (C.!AA er :SS) DrrrBOt981 SZ vCE 0 2/ Year Perl:d averase End of oer'od 1973 223 220 1974 241 222 ?ublic debt, 'acl. guaranteed 3/ 35.7 1975 214 224 Son-ouaranteed private debe - l976 239 248 tocal outsczding and disbursod - 1977 246 225 1978 226 209 1979 213 201 9/ Debt service as percent of : (C + (TS) 1980 2l1 226 3/ After dabe resehaduling 1981 271 286 .1 Firsc bhal 198U 306 *t 329 5/ S/ As of Jtme 1982 rMRDII2A '.ZMInG, .anuar, 31. 1982 (135 -41son) Outscanding and dibursed 52.9 51.1 Undisbursed - 32.9 Oucstanding inc-luding undisbursed 52.9 84.0 4/ $53.0 million of wh±ch 53.3 ±111on CJAO 1Jont:r logo and $49.5 Sillion loan :o :A_O -iath the guarantee of Chazn. Ivory Coast and 7ogo. - 41 - ANNEXII Page 1 of 3 Status of Bank Group Operations in BENIN A. Statement of IDA Credits (as of M!arch31, 1964) US$miLlion Amount(less cancellations) Credit No. Year Borrower Purpose Bnk IDA Undisbursed Nine credits fuly4 disbursed 44.01 746-BEN 197 Benin Third Highway 10.00 .01 826-BEN 1978 Benin Cotonou Port 19.30 .35 997-BEN 1980 Benin Industrial Developnent 10.00 6.84 1090-BEM 1981 Beni-n Feeder Roads 7.00 .90 1127-BEN 1931 Benin Borgou Prov. Rural Developnent 20.00 12.C6 1142-BEN 1931 Benin Fourth Higeway 11.30 5.07 1171-BEN 1981 Benin Cotonou Water Sanitation 5.00 2.27 1189-BEN 1931 Benin PowerEngineering and TA 1.82 .69 1207-BEN 1982 Benin TAin Petroleun Sector 8.00 4.33 1246-BEN 1932 Berin Second Education 14.00 11.89 1314-BEN 1983 Benin Zou Raral Developnent 20.00 18.72 Total 170.47 63.13 Of iwiaci has been repaid 9.78 Total now outstanding 160.69 Total nmoheld by IDA 160.69 Total undisbursed 63.13 B. Statenent of Regional Bank Loans and Credits to Benin, Ivory Coast, Niger, Senegal, Togo, Upper Volta US$million loan or Amount(less cancellations) Credit No. Year Borrower Purpose Bank IDA Undisbursed 969-VAF 1980 BOAD Project Preparation Credit 3.0 2.03 2242/WAF3/ 1983 BOAD Regional. Developnent 6.1 - 6.05 1331-WAF 1983 BOAD Regional. Development 14.0 1/ 13.63 1/ Beginning with Credit 1090-BEN,credits have been denaninated in Special Drawing Rights. Thedollar amounts in these columns represent the dollar equivalents at the time of credit negotiations for the IDAamounts and the dolar equivalents as of March 31, 1934, for the undisbursed amounts. - 42 - ANNEX II Page 2 of 3 Status of BankGrouxp Operations in TOGO A. Statement of IDA Credits (as of 2iareh 31, 1934) US$ million - Amount (less cancellations) Credit No. Year Borrower Purpose Bank TDA Urdisbursed Six credits and one loan fully disbursed 3.50 49-35 810-TO 1978 Togo Feeder Roads - 5.80 0.92 930-TO 1979 Togo Technical Assistance - 2.20 0.48 945-TO 1979 Togo Cocoa/Coffee DeveloirentI:L - 14.0) 9.93 1018-TO 1979 Togo First Education - 11.0) 3-51 1139-TO 1981 Togo Fourth Highway - 20.00 9.69 1169-TO 1981 Togo Phosphate Engineering - 5.70 4.01 1190-TO 1982 Togo Power Engineering and TA 2,/ - 1.93 0.53 1270-TO 1982 Togo Technical Asmistance II 37 - 3-50 2.18 1302-TO 19)3 Togo Second Rural Dev. Cotton -Aeas - 23.50 21.72 1326-TO 19)3 Togo Restracturing Project CDTA() - 5.70 5.64 1354-TO 3/ 1953 Togo Lobe Water Supply - 12.00 11.27 1365-TO 19)3 Togo Structural Adjustnent - 20.00 3.67 F3-TO 19)3 Togo Structural Adjustnent - 20.00 11.01 Total 3.50 194.73 84.56 Of which has been repaid 0.75 0.24 Total now outstanding 2.75 194.49 Amount sold - _ Of -which has been repaid - - Total Now Held by REnk and IDA 2.75 194.49 Total Undisbursed - 84.56 84.56 1/ Prior to exchange adjustnent. 2/ Beginning with Credit 1139-TO, credits have been denominated in Special Drawing Rights. The dollar afounts in these columns represent the dollar equivalents at the time of credit negotiations for the IDA amounts and the dollar equivalents as of March 31, 1984, for the undisbursed amounts. 3/ Not yet effective - 43 - ANNEXII Page 3 of 3 B. Statenent of Bank Loan Guaranteed by Ghana, Ivory Coast and Togo US$milli Loan or Anount (less cancellations) Credit No. Year Borrower Purpose Bank IDA Undisbursed 1295-IvAF 1976 CIMAO Regional Clinker 49.5 Repaid 8.69 Nowoutstanding 40.81 C. Statement of Regional Barn Loans and Credits to Benin, Ivory Coat, Niger, Senegal, Togo. Upper Volta IS million Loan or Amount(less cancellations) Credit No. Year Borrower Purpose Bank IDA Undisbursed 969-WF 1933 BOAD Project Preparation Credit - 3.0 2.03 i/ Prior to exchange adjustrint. - 44 - ANNEX III SUPPLEMENTARYPROJECT DATA SHEET Section I: Timetable of Key Events: (a) First Bank Mission to consider the project: December 1980 (b) Agency which prepared the Project: UNDFP- El(ectrowatt/Sogreah (Switzerland/France), IDA as executing agency, at the request of both Governments. (c) Date of departure of appraisal mission: March/April 1983. (d) Date of completion of negotiations:May 1, 1984. (e) Planned date of effectiveness:Septembe!r/October 1984. Section II: Special IDA ImplementationActions: A program of resettlement and of environmental and health protection works, satisfactory to Togo and to IDA, would be carried out in the project area (para. 90). Section III: Special Conditions: (a) CEB would generate sufficient internal resourcesto cover its estimatedshare of local coEstfinancing for the project (para. 72); and (b) a part (US$18.6 millicon) of the Credit proceeds would be onlent to CEB and the balance (US$11.4 million) would be made availableas grants to CEB, CEET and SBEE (para. 84); (c) CEB would be responsiblefor overall project coordination;its management would be strengthenedto implementthe project (para. 86) and it would be designatedby GOB and GOT as authorized signatory for purposes of preparing and submitting withdrawal applicationsin respect of componentsimplemented by CEB (para. 89); (d) special conditionsof Credit effectivenesswould be: (i) legal transfer of CTL to CEET (para. 49); and (ii) cross-effectivenessof co-financing(para. 83). IBRD 16534 4" 0"4 '2' '714 1982 IVORYCOAST GHANA TOGO' BENIN' NIGERIA AFRICAf '2 .... ELECTRICITYINTERCONNECTION STUDY AFRICA~c A,1: ,10AP 4 ~~~~~~~~~~N- '10 X > N |I ".atslna t N G - R i Soksto < ' N I G E R / H o -- < "1 t z 0,2 U P P , R VP L T H"d. Pet,se~m EMRVOJgLr } ISU" < ' Xb -° ' 9 ) \ \ y7~~~~~~~no l%cidu2g ' /"'Nt 1 2 UJ -- -tJ'-- 1 ~JS,q Sh e MA 1 I i- 2 B ii -?/ > !1 2 doGn-e G E I A 2'-, Mon'" 2 - A ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~7Nong C>~~~~~3 0rsscn~'7Mnet ~ ne 3 5 2 O 2 7 __ _._ _: . _ I L : g.' w r I \: \ .E ., 1\ _B. -. _Kl b. A- ~ ~~ ~~~preo ,__ .EXISTING FUTURZe 8- cc~~61-1313LkV LNES loDelesso / ToO (koo,2,ktE080UVF PUrtoNoco Eo~~~~~~~~g( /7 -______-- )6b. D.nw $8ot Ctro '2>jhSM ______- 22550k LNEINES~~~~~~~~~~~~~22 * A~~~~~8-omc~ ~~~~~~' u~~~~~~~~S2. / - - AXIDJA -h '" 330 kV LINES - PROPOSED REGIONAL INTERCONNECTION o9128 0110121 5 ii AI~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~o ~~ HYDEOSTATIONS i'?~~~i~~;vNose - - - Eye,~~~~~~:7 -J, 50 3r 0~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0EXISTINGOR UNDERCONSTRUCTION UTR OS RR K___4_INENTINLA / INT/c c'ci -F K?OSTE '- ONDRE I I IBRD 16534 JiNXJUNE 1982 a.4. 48 IVORY COAST GHANA* TOGO 'BENIN NIGERIA AFRICA ELECTRICITYINTERCONNECTION STUDY - -RX SotN IE G R MarN't°l1t N R HiP _rS 0 U P P OF R V L T A 1''-\ \Ctnruo / Ktuno cXPor,skum 29 M. sogor. 12° MALMA L I F > _ Z/ ' ' ' ' ' 0 ' t z ;RK- - ' ! 0 _ "~Wo.Li k ' "5-0 C C S ';~ A 7 coN I G EI M- / Nob LŽvIj V R Y \V AkoIe O 0 XITIG FJT R ,' CO I S T ~ A -c 11k I E 7 - /BO~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~->~~11-d 225ooIkV8LINES EXISTING OR N loobo N Mprooso '~~~~~~~WMo,oe 2O EXISTINGSTFUTURE K ColMoTER "25LV F LINES -Toko9~i I~ \, ToINHTEGRNATIONALBUDRE 45' - I