Blue Line Magazine 1 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 2 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 August / September 2005 Volume 17 Number 7 Publisher’s Commentary 5 ’s “run-away” philosophy out of Blue Line Magazine touch with 9/11 and 7/7 12A-4981 Hwy 7 East Ste 254 Markham, ON L3R 1N1 Policing in Ottawa — 150 years of 8 service to the community Ph: 905 640-3048 Fax: 905 640-7547 Web: www.blueline.ca eMail: [email protected] Building an association for the future 13 A tribute to the vision and hard work — Publisher — Morley S. Lymburner of the founders of the CACP eMail: [email protected] CACP celebrates 100th annual conference 14 — General Manager — Mary Lymburner, M.Ed. eMail: [email protected] Helping cops step out in style 18

— Editor — Training on a limited budget 20 Mark Reesor eMail: [email protected] More training with less money — News Editor — Analysis versus guesswork 24 Ryan Siegmund The case for professional geographic profiling eMail: [email protected] — Advertising — Cities plan united push on court-cost issue 28 Mary Lymburner Dean Clarke It’s a year to remember for the Ottawa Bob Murray CORRESPONDENCE 30 Service. Not only is it celebrating 150 Kathryn Lymburner years of community service – , as it eMail: [email protected] CASE LAW 32 was then known, was incorporated in 1855 and • High court okays roadside procedures — Pre-press Production — hired its first police chief January 22 of that Del Wall • “Forthwith” requires a prompt demand year – it’s also hosting the Canadian • Search preceding arrest lawful Association of Chiefs of Police conference. The — Contributing Editors — • Courthouse security searches permissible Communication Skills Mark Giles CACP marks its 100th anniversary this year. Then known as the Chief Police Management James Clark Feds draft CBRN strategy 42 Tactical Firearms Dave Brown Association of Canada, 50 senior police officers Technology Tom Rataj met for the first time in September 1905 in Psychology Dorothy Cotton Media strategy depends on who is involved 44 Case Law Mike Novakowski Model provides a starting point Toronto. Ottawa organizers promise the twin celebration will give the conference a unique Blue Line Magazine is published monthly, September to June, by Blue Line Magazine Incorporated with a mailing address of: Kentville police get new station 46 flavour that delegates will remember for years. 12A - 4981 Hwy. 7 East, Ste. 254, In these days of ever-shrinking budgets, Markham, , L3R 1N1. officer training is often one of the first programs Individual magazines are $5.00 each. Subscriptions are $25.00 per ODDITORIALS 48 year or $40.00 for 2 years. (Foreign - $50.00 U.S.) Group and bulk rates cut back. Costs can really add up, especially available upon request. NEWS CLIPS 50, 58, 64, 72 for smaller services. An Illinois police force All material submitted for publication becomes the property of Blue Line Magazine unless other arrangements have been made with the publisher has come up with a solution — holding regular prior to publishing. Police honoured 51 in-house training using its own officers. Sgt. The authors, advisors and Publisher accept no liability whatsoever for any injuries to persons or property resulting from the application or Paul LeBreck says it’s a great way to do more adoption of any of the procedures, tactics or considerations presented in Reconnecting with the mother force 52 this magazine. Readers are cautioned and advised that articles presented training with less money. herein are edited and supplied for your personal awareness and should not In Man versus machine (Blue Line, April be used for further action until appropriate advice and guidance is received Complacency a “recipe for disaster” 54 from a supervisor, Crown Attorney or other person in authority. 2005), university professors Brent Snook and Established in 1988, Blue Line Magazine is an independent publication Craig Bennell and lecturer Paul J. Taylor wrote designed to inform, entertain, educate and upgrade the skills of those DISPATCHES 58 involved in the law enforcement profession. It has no direct control from a about a study they conducted which found and its opinions and articles do not necessarily humans did just as good a job of geographic reflect the opinions of any government, police, or law enforcement agency. DEEP BLUE 59 ©2005 - All articles are protected by copyright. No part of this profiling as computers. Former Vancouver publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, Perfectly obvious answers not always true electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording or by any Police Department Kim Rossmo, a information storage or retrieval system without permission. A first venture into a controversial issue 61 pioneer in the field, and RCMP S/Sgt Scot Filer Internet activity is monitored and use or re-posting of take issue with their findings, calling the manual material on the Internet is restricted. racial profiling study approach “guesswork”. What to do after using force 65 In our regular features, Mike Novakowski This publication is a private venture and receives no has four case laws, Danette Dooley reports subsidy or grant from any level of government. Training youth to save lives 70 on the RNC reconnecting with its roots and — Affiliations — the first new station for Kentville Police, International Association of Law Enforcement Planners TECHNOLOGY 74 Mark Giles has a model for helping to make Canadian Advertising Rates & Data More investigative help from DNA the right media relations decisions and Dr. International Police Association The Police Leadership Forum Dorothy warns that sometimes the obvious Periodical Publishers Exchange Study concludes stun technology safe 75 answers aren’t the right ones, Elvin Klassen The Canadian Press Newswire profiles a program that teaches youth to save Harvey Research PRODUCT NEWS 76 lives and Tom Rataj tells us about innovative Printed in Canada by Tri-Tech Printing new DNA technology. ISSN #0847 8538 BACK OF THE BOOK 78 For more information, news and Canada Post - Canadian Publications Mail A tale of old Fords and fishing dories discussions visit www.blueline.ca. Product Sales Agreement No. 176796

Blue Line Magazine 3 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 4 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Ottawa’s “run-away” philosophy out of touch with 9/11 and 7/7

by Morley Lymburner using this as their model for safety. We aren’t harnessed with having to take care of you.” talking about building refridgerators on an as- Having these Customs officers working I read a story once where a person in a boat sembly line here. alongside police places the police and the Cus- leaving a port town always managed to find Using this model appears to be fine for the toms officials at high risk. Why should police his way to the same fishing hole even though first three points but for Customs officers it fails have to baby sit Customs investigators because he appeared not to use any navigational instru- dramatically on the fourth point. The fourth they lack the training and tools necessary to ments. When asked how he managed to end point fails so badly that it has all the appear- handle armed and dangerous individuals? up at the exact same spot he informed his in- ances of being engineered to keep guns out of As I continued to read this report I arrived quisitor that he only needed the flag pole at the the hands of Custom officers. at the point where I gave up trying to see any back of the boat and a clear view of the Catho- How can any rational person suggest that semblance of reason. The consultants actually lic church steeple in the town. If they were these officers are working in anything even re- recommended the officers wear body armour. aligned properly, and he ran the engine at half motely resembling a “controlled work environ- Where this fits into the grand scheme of the throttle, he would be at the right place in half ment”? Each day Customs investigators have study, while carrying a firearm was not, fell an hour. His only problem arose on days that to take up surveillance of known criminals, some outside of any form of rationality. The mere were a bit misty and he used the wrong church with nothing much to lose except the unarmed suggestion these officers wear armour is rec- steeple. “You have to watch out for that Angli- person tailing them. But even worse. What if ognizing the hazard within the environment can church. It will steer you in the wrong di- the criminal being tailed thinks it is the criminal they are working and it is anything but “planned rection every time.” competition following them? If you were a biker and controlled.” This navigational philosophy is what came how would you get away from another biker This point was seriously underscored by a to mind as I read a semi-secret report anony- gang closing in on you? Is restraint the one as- recent conversation I had with an Inspector from mously sent me regarding a Job Hazard Analy- pect in a criminal bikers training or experience the Toronto Police who has been given the un- sis of Customs Regional Intelligence Officers Customs investigators can rely upon to make enviable task of getting the guns off the streets and Customs Investigators. The report was their “controlled work environment” safe? of Toronto. He advised me they are open to any commissioned by the CBSA through a consul- But the part of the study that really struck and all suggestions and he asked me my thoughts tancy firm from Toronto and was released to home to me were the officers working on Joint on the matter. I informed him that every gun management in May 2004. Although the study Forces Operations. Pooling talent from multi- being carried by every thug in his city at one appears to be well researched, and consider- ple jurisdictions is, without exception, the only point came to within eight feet of a Canada Cus- able work went into interviews of the officers way to tackle organized criminal activity. From toms officer. If you were a smuggler your op- concerned, some of the conclusions had me what I read in these reports the mere fact that tions are as wide open as that border. You can scratching my head. It was at this point I deter- Customs officers are included in a JFO is a dan- lie, cheat, hide or run. Any way you look at it mined I could not exactly speed read my way ger to everyone. In this report I read one Cus- there is a zero deterrent factor for gun runners. through it. toms officer’s comment, completly ignored by The consultancy firm suggested that Cus- How could they come to the conclusion that the conclusions, that he was working with po- toms officers need to be protected from armed these officers need not be armed? The study lice officers who had no idea he was not armed. individuals but they also concluded they should appeared to come to rationally written conclu- In this case the Customs investigator made this have no means by which they could either neu- sions but yet what was troubling me was that known just before a raid. The assuredly tralize that threat nor prevent the armed threat the same philosophy could be used to disarm shocked police supervisor simply shoved a from continuing to endanger the rest of the pub- all police officers. I read through the surveyed shotgun in his hands and advised him he was lic. Post 9/11 in the US and 7/7 in the UK this officers’ concerns and they painted a scenario now armed. This supervisor was otherwise say- is unacceptable. Tear up that report and start over exactly the same as any cop on the beat would ing, “you are on this team to do the same job folks. Look for another model. How about the confront. And yet this study’s conclusions were as I am and there is no way I am going to be “Use of Force Continuum.” completely different and at one point very con- tradictory to their own conclusion. When I went back over the document I re- alized the reason for this. It was the beginning navigational point from which the consultants started. Yes indeed they were focused on the “wrong steeple.” Their departure point was flawed so they could not help but end up at the wrong destination. But the problem appears to go deeper. They appear to have chosen the wrong departure point by design. They have arrived at the wrong destination but some master naviga- tor has simply declared it the correct one. Their entire philosophy was geared to the Wheel of Safe Production model. This is a model also known as the “System Safety 2000” which was published in 1991 by a J. Stephenson. It is primarily used to help increase safe working conditions in an industrial environment. The Wheel of Safe Production has as its goal a work environment that has: • competent people, • using tools that are fit for the job to be per- formed, • coupled with suitable work methods, and • all coming together in a planned and con- trolled work environment. Their first erroneous departure point was

Blue Line Magazine 5 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 6 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 7 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 1855 The town of Bytown formally 1913 The village of Eastview incorpo- 1957 The Gloucester-Nepean Police De- incorporates and adopts the name rates as a Town. A short time after, partment formed. of Ottawa, and on January 22 its first , H.C. Prior, is Roderick Ross becomes the first appointed. 1958 June 2, City Council approves that Chief of the Ottawa Police. 413 Churchill Avenue becomes 1913 December 31, Florence Campbell Number 2 Police Station (it closed 1866 The police force becomes salaried becomes the Ottawa Police’s first in 1983). – constables no longer paid a fee policewoman. based on the number of arrests 1960 April 1, female police officers (offi- made or services provided. 1916 February 3, the Parliament Build- cially called the Ottawa Police ings burn down. Women Auxiliary, but better known 1867 With a population of about 15,000 as Meter Maids) appointed to en- Ottawa becomes the permanent 1920 The population of Ottawa eclipses force parking regulations. capital of the of Canada. 110,000. 1963 January 1, the Vanier Police Force 1873 May 23, an Act of Parliament leads 1927 The Ottawa Senators defeat Bos- formed when the community of to creation of what would come to ton to win the team’s ninth Stanley Eastview incorporates as a City and be known as the RCMP. Cup. changes its name to Vanier.

1889 The Ottawa Police moves into new 1935 One-way station-to-car radios in- 1964 January 1, the Gloucester-Nepean headquarters, located on the south- stalled in the prowler patrol cars. Police Department splits into two east corner of Queen and Elgin Two-way radios make their debut in distinct police forces. Streets. 1941. 1967 The Ottawa Police Association 1896 October 1, the first bicycle used as 1945 October 24, Detective Thomas Pipes and Drums formed. transportation for police officers. Stoneman, age 37, shot as he at- The first “patrol wagon” appears on tempts to question three suspicious 1969 A collection of cities, villages and July 1, 1901. males. He was the first Ottawa- municipal townships amalgamate to area police officer killed in the line form the Regional Municipality of 1900 April 26, a terrible fire decimates of duty. Ottawa-Carleton. much of Hull and many buildings in Ottawa. 1946 May 20, Edna Harry becomes the 1972 A fire destroys the Vanier Police sta- Ottawa Police’s second female con- tion and all its police files. 1909 October 13, an Order-in-Council stable. In 1950, she becomes the establishes the Ontario Provincial first woman to wear the uniform of 1972 March, the forerunner to the Ottawa Police. As well, Janeville incorpo- the Ottawa Police. Police Chorus founded. rates as the Village of Eastview (Vanier). 1948 December 1, the Ottawa Police As- 1974 Operation Identification introduced sociation formed to administer wage during Police Week. 1912 Eastview employs a single consta- benefits. ble, Harry Walker, to patrol the 1977 July 11, David streets on a bicycle. 1955 August 7, the Ottawa Police Asso- Kirkwood, age 21, is murdered ciation Credit Union Ltd. incorpo- while aiding in an arrest. His death 1912 Ottawa purchases its first patrol car, rated by the Ministry of Financial In- led to the creation of the Memorial a Model T Ford. stitutions. Service for Police and Correctional

Blue Line Magazine 8 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Officers who lost their lives in the 2001 Municipal amalgamation triggers performance of duty, held annually the organization’s name change to on the front lawn of the Parliament the . Buildings. 2003 The city’s population tops 830,000. 1979 April, the Senior Officers’ Associa- tion is formed. 2005 The Ottawa Police Service cel- ebrates 150 years of policing in the 1981 The first Neighbourhood Watch Ottawa area. set up in the Abbey Road area of the city.

1983 June 21, their Royal Highnesses, the Prince and Princess of Wales, formally open the new Police Headquarters.

1984 December 31, members of the Vanier Police Force sworn in as members of the Ottawa Police.

1985 The Ottawa Police introduces a new system for catching criminals: Crime Stoppers.

1988 June 22, the 9-1-1 emergency service system introduced.

1991 Population reaches 700,000 for the 11 municipalities of Ottawa- Carleton.

1993 March 3, current Police Headquar- ters renamed the Thomas G. Flanagan S.C. Building, honouring the former Chief.

1995 The Ottawa-Carleton Service formed when three municipal agencies (Ottawa, Nepean and Gloucester) and ar- eas formerly under the jurisdiction of the Ontario Provincial Police amalgamate into a single police service.

Blue Line Magazine 9 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Preparing for the future 150 years of service to the community Throughout 2005, the Ottawa Police Serv- ice is celebrating the 150th anniversary of polic- ing in the Ottawa area. The year features a wide variety of events and activities to enhance the community’s knowledge of the history of policing and its contribution to the quality of life in Ottawa. While catching criminals or enforcing laws is most often in the spotlight for any law enforcement agency, the Ottawa Police’s 150th anniversary cel- ebrations offers a unique opportunity to increase awareness about the city’s rich — and sometimes quirky — policing past. For example, did you know… • on February 29, 1880, the entire Ottawa Po- lice Force was disbanded on the charge of in- subordination; • the famed Grey Cup was once recovered in Ottawa after being stolen in Toronto; • in 1882, Ottawa’s Chief of Police left the or- ganization to become the Superintendent of the — the forerunner to the RCMP; • the father of hockey legend Aurele Joliat was Chief The 150th anniversary celebrations are an the victims, who is going to investigate crimes of the Ottawa Police in the 30s; and excellent way to showcase how the Ottawa committed against them? And if we can’t pen- • on February 4, 1953 a Grand Jury inspected Police Service is preparing for the future etrate organized crime because we can’t speak Number 1 Police Station and reported the con- through its recruitment efforts. A recent gradu- the language and don’t understand the culture, ditions of the station as ‘disgusting’ and should ation ceremony underscored this initiative who’s going to halt its spread?” be closed immediately. This led to the head- when the police service welcomed Cst. Jasdeep The Ottawa Police Service’s response to quarters being moved to 60 Waller in 1957. Singh Bajwa — he is the first turbaned-Sikh these interconnected issues involves a proactive The high-profile, year-long focus on the Po- to join the ranks. strategy to promote careers in policing in the lice Service also provides the opportunity to rein- Celebrating the past also provides the right Ottawa area that focuses on reaching out to force many other important police messages platform for preparing for the future. Many of members of the community who traditionally around traffic safety, crime prevention and recruit- the police service’s 150th anniversary celebra- may not have considered a policing career. The ing — among the other priorities for the organiza- tion activities have focussed on or included organization’s Outreach Recruitment Project tion. Equally important, the Ottawa Police Serv- messages about the organization’s quest to be aims to diversify the Ottawa Police workforce ice’s celebration includes a charitable component. the “Employer of Choice for All.” and grow its in-house cultural skills and life- A portion of funds raised through sponsorships, Like most sectors, law enforcement is fac- style awareness. It is a major step towards sales of promotional items and special fundraising ing a recruitment challenge. Over the next dec- achieving the police service envisioned by Sir events will be donated to the Boys and Girls Club ade, the Ottawa Police Service — like other Robert Peel when he prescribed that police to help it continue to engage at-risk kids in pro- police agencies across the country — will face services should be representative of the com- social activities. a huge turnover in staff and an increasingly munities they serve. The celebrations officially kicked-off on Janu- competitive job market. Consider that over 200 In Ottawa, the Police Service’s 150th an- ary 21, 2005 — 150 years after the City of Otta- sworn members have retired from the Ottawa niversary celebrations are helping spread the wa’s first Chief Constable, Roderick Ross, was Police in the last five years, and double that recruitment message. The annual open house, appointed. With the accompanying slogan “Our amount will likely retire in the next five years. special community events and activities and the past, our future,” the celebrations have been a The need for new sworn officers is clear. extensive media coverage help present a fa- hit. A full list of events and activities is posted on At the same time, the is vourable image, and help the organization con- growing and changing. Over the next 10 to 20 nect with a wider audience. the organization’s website at ottawapolice.ca. years, the city’s population will push past the one million mark and possibly reach 1.2 mil- lion. The city is also becoming more multi-cul- tural. One in five residents of the city is born outside of Canada, and the immigrant popula- tion is growing at twice the rate of the general population. The Ottawa Police Service recog- nizes the need to better reflect — and thus be able to better serve — Ottawa’s increasingly diverse communities. “We would not be a legitimate police or- ganization unless we had the capacity to com- municate with and understand the diverse population that call Ottawa home,” says Chief . “If we can’t communicate with

Blue Line Magazine 10 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Electronic ticketing Ottawa Police streamline ticketing with technology and respond to community priorities

Photo by Michael Houston

In 1961 a policewoman giving a ticket. Cst. David Nicholson, E-Ticketing Project Constable, presents the Symbol MC-50 PDA and Zebra RW-420 Mobile Thermal Printer. by S/Sgt. Rock Lavigne For decades, law enforcement agencies technological advances. on building an electronic bridge between the have been issuing traffic tickets using the same “What’s great about this system is that it’s OPS and the Municipal Courts, which will en- paper-intensive, highly manual procedure. This quicker, it’s easier and it meets all the needs of able transfer of the issued ticket data to Courts has led to frustration for stakeholders due to the City, the judiciary and the ministry,” said and the Provincial ICON system for payment the challenge of collecting timely and accurate Michael Parsche, Project Manager for the E- or prosecution and disposition. data from traffic tickets. Manually collected Ticketing project. “This system benefits all data has historically contained errors of con- users – officers and drivers spend less time at For more information about the E-Ticketing project, please contact S/Sgt. Rock Lavigne, Operational Project Manager, tent and omission – smudges or poor handwrit- the side of the road, there’s no duplication of E-Ticketing at (613) 236-1222 ext. 5111. ing on the ticket can potentially lead to lack of data entry, and we can get more accurate and data collected or tickets that are not prosecuted. enhanced ticket information to respond to our At roll call one morning, the officer in charge of the This problem is now compounded by the need city’s traffic issues.” Ottawa parking-meter patrol announced the police for multiple layers of identical data entry into The OPS, leveraging its present technology were searching for three stolen vehicles. On duty later the Police, Courts and ICON systems. investment in the new Panasonic CF-29 laptops, a patrol member called his dispatcher to say he had spotted one of the cars. He was immediatley patched These experiences summarize just a few is deploying magnetic stripe readers and the into the police frequency. The police asked him to keep of the business drivers that have led the Ottawa Advance Public Safety ticket application to the it in sight until they could get to him. Five minutes Police Service (OPS) to consider an innovative patrol cruisers. As for the 30 traffic motorcy- passed before police called back to see if he still had solution known as Electronic Ticketing. The cles, the OPS is equipping its officers with Sym- the vehicle in sight. “Yes,” he replied, “it’s now at the corner of Bank and Queen streets.” After another five benefits of this system are overwhelming: it bol, MC-50 handheld computers capable of minutes they called again. “It’s now seven blocks east provides a streamlined solution to a paper- reading magnetic stripes and 1D barcode. Both of Bank and Queen streets,” he reported. Ten min- intensive process; responds to the community’s streams will be printing to a wireless Zebra RW- utes later the police asked if he was keeping a safe priority for increased traffic and road safety; 420 thermal printer. This new technology will distance from the car so that the driver wouldn’t no- tice he was being followed. “Yes,” he panted breath- increases the call for accountability and permit electronic transmission of the ticket data lessly, “but I don’t know how much longer I can keep ongoing budgetary constraints; and enhances to in-house records systems. this up.” That’s when the police realized he’d been delivery of its core responsibilities through The next phase, early in 2006, will focus chasing the car on foot!

Our past, our future – a look at how we got here…

The Ottawa Police Service 150th anniversary a modern-style forage cap at the bottom, show- logo’s main influence is the celebration’s ac- ing a clear transition from the past to the companying slogan “Our past, our future – Cel- present. Emphasis is on “community” and ebrating 150 years of policing in Ottawa.” “continuity.” Colours include police blue and Many people were consulted throughout the gold to indicate something of value and to con- design process, including current and retired note the idea of heritage. The red colour re- members representing the six police services flects Canada and is also a nod to policing’s being honoured by our 150th anniversary: the British roots in Ottawa in 1855. The red line former Ottawa, Vanier, Nepean, Gloucester connotes movement, forward motion and police services, as well as the OPP and RCMP. progress from past to present to future. Also, At the top of the logo is an officer’s hat the shape of the logo represents the contours from the early days of policing in Ottawa, with of the Ottawa region.

Blue Line Magazine 11 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Public safety communicators: an inside look environments – part-time in a rural depart- and policies differently and internal commu- by Eric Janus ment, alone on 12 hours shifts; in a mid-sized nications have turned out to be one of the big- I began training for my new posi- centre with two to four communicators per gest challenges I have to deal with daily. tion at the Ottawa Police Service’s shift; now I’m responsible for a platoon of 16 Life is a lot simpler in a smaller depart- (OPS) comm centre on a momen- in a section of 103 communicators. No mat- ment. Issues can be resolved in a day by meet- tous day – Sept. 11, 2001. ter the size of the centre though, the issues ing with one or two people. In a major service, As one of six newly appointed are the same – staff grumble about overtime, there’s the challenge of multiple sections and shift managers – the service had people taking too many breaks, even when no divisions, all with their own dynamics and ‘civilianized’ the sergeant’s position one does the dishes. styles. – I watched the events in New York with disbe- Problems are proportionate to size. I’ve Another change was Ontario’s ‘adequacy lief and got my first taste of what it would be dealt with more issues in one year working in standards.’ They specify the training that uni- like working for a major police service. Ottawa than my supervirors handled during the formed and civilian members must receive and My career in public safety communications entire period I was employed in Gatineau. precisely state how a service must operate. began across the river with the Gatineau-Metro Another factor proportionate to size is re- I also heard the word “corporate” so many Police Service. It had 17 full-time communi- sources. When the CAD system fails at 4 AM times in my first few weeks that I felt I had cators, supplemented by part-time employees. in a small department, you are the IT section. been hired by a private firm rather than by a We dispatched police and fire vehicles and, like There’s no tactical unit if you get a barricaded police service – it seemed strange for a police many comm centres, took calls outside busi- subject. Today I have multiple tactical, canine service to have an actual business plan, but now ness hours for the city, public works, SPCA and other specialty units – even an airplane. all Ontario services must have one. and pretty much anything else you could think Working in Ottawa also has its unique chal- We are approaching a crossroad in public of. We were also the CPIC section, tasked with lenges. Major events tend to have an additional safety communications. Most managers, born doing all the entries and normal day-to-day component in the nation’s capital. People are before ‘Generation X,’ may find it challenging queries and correspondence. generally more aware of world events since 9/ to deal with the high expectations of ‘Gen Y.’ I’ve worked in a variety of public safety 11. Everyone interprets and implements orders Senior members often recall being told to sit down, shut up and listen when they began their careers, and treated like dirt until they earned the respect of their peers. Communicators with Police cooperate in Ottawa region bachelors and masters degrees will expect a certain level of expertise and professionalism The National Capital changes and/or se- from their organization and management team. Region’s unique condments of of- We must promote life long learning at all interjurisdictional ficers between levels, ensuring frontline managers have up- policing environ- OPS and the to-date skills. Tuition reimbursement, already ment includes the Ot- RCMP, implemen- offered by many agencies, is a great way to tawa, Gatineau, Mili- tation of an 800 promote learning; by supporting and training tary and Ontario Pro- MHz digital radio them, we are preparing our future leaders. vincial Police, MRC system, develop- Another thing I’ve often heard through the des Collines, Sûreté ment and imple- years is that generally, communicators should du Québec and mentation of a be treated like police officers. Many options RCMP. The Ottawa tiered response are available for civilian members and, unlike Police Service (OPS) protocol and the re- officers, they’re not limited to only a few agen- is using the occasion cently formed Na- cies and can find work in the same geographi- of its 150th anniver- Photo : Shy Ing tional Capital Stra- cal area within emergency services. Comm sary to demonstrate Ottawa Police Director General Debra Frazer, IT Ap- tegic Security centres often attract people from all kinds of how it works with plications manager Baby Kotlarewsky and Chief Council. backgrounds and if they’re unable to achieve other police agencies Vince Bevan browse the integrated records system. A new level of corporate buy-in, they will leave. Uniformed and publicize its goal information shar- and civilian members are two different animals of becoming the leader and model for polic- ing began when the OPS collaborated with and must be approached in a different way. ing partnerships and integration. the London and Windsor police services, who Qualified, educated members can be re- Municipal police services are rapidly use the same records management system, on tained by creating and encouraging modern changing; dynamic organizations must adapt the Law Enforcement Information Portal business practices. Gone are the days of stay- to community needs while staying within the (LEIP). ing in one job for life. Today qualified mem- parameters of strict federal and provincial leg- The spearheaded bers are considered a valuable commodity. islation. The OPS also faces the unique chal- the project and currently hosts and maintains Public safety communications is now a lenge of policing the nation’s capital – an in- the server. By the end of 2003, the three agen- career; communicators are professionals and ter-jurisdictional policing environment with cies were sharing records, assisting in investi- should be treated as such. The expectations specific public safety and security concerns gations. The came on placed on them are greater now than ever. Com- such as the Parliament buildings and embas- board a few months later and the Ontario sys- munication centres are the first contact for the sies. This environment presents both chal- tem was connected with BC in August 2004. majority of emergency calls and the actions or lenges – planned and unanticipated major The RCMP has been keenly involved from day inactions of the communicators play a vital role events – and opportunities – intelligence gath- one, providing input, network resources and in how incidents are handled and resolved. ering/sharing and inter-operability. support. With professionalism comes responsibil- Shining examples of the mobilization of The project may soon welcome the OPP, ity. Members need to be trained and mentored community resources and joint problem solv- Kingston Police Service and Montreal Police. so they can become skilled emergency re- ing were seen during such events as the G-8 Nova Scotia is planning a similar system and sponse personnel – but they also need to be and G-20 demonstrations, the ice storm, les prospects for national expansion of the project willing to improve themselves and accept Jeux de la Francophonie and 9/11. Other are excellent. The OPS is a proud partner in this ever-changing roles. interoperability successes include the crea- and other integration opportunities and will con- tion of an integrated road safety plan, ex- tinue its philosophy of working with others. Eric Janus can be contacted at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 12 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Building an Association for the future A tribute to the vision and hard work of the founders of the CACP

by Kathryn Lymburner The creation of the CCAC was sparked by association has always taken this to be at the In September 1905, the Chief Constables the need to scientifically collect, store and dis- forefront of its lobby group. Police executives Association of Canada (CCAC) or the Cana- seminate information on the criminal class. have always tried to elevate the status of the dian Association of Chiefs of Police (CACP) Members were able to exchange , police through improvements in recruitment, as it is known today, met for the first time in photographs, bulletins and modus operandi, training, discipline, salaries, working condi- Toronto. Fifty senior police officials gathered which were important for not only crime con- tions and publication relations. to foster closer ties among police departments, trol, but also standardized policing. This need With the founding of a secretariat in the encourage uniformed police administration, for shared information led to the development early 1970s and an increase in the scope of improve conditions of service and promote leg- of the fingerprinting movement in Canada. committee work and establishment of a re- islation for the suppression of crime and pres- In the 1960s, the CACP inaugurated the search foundation in the early 1980s, research ervation of law and order. Uniform Crime Reporting System and members has become central to the development of po- The association grew out of the absence of were also instrumental in the creation of CPIC. lice professionalism. a centralized police system due to the division The relationship between the government The Great War era, from 1914 to 1918, of powers in the British North America Act, and law enforcement in 1905 was another ral- which cemented the need for the CCAC, is 1867. The formation of the CCAC allowed for lying point for the CCAC. The government was considered the most challenging time for the municipal police to articulate their concerns in seen as being insensitive to police needs. Some association. With the onset of war, it fell to a national forum. central political questions have been around police to regulate enemy aliens, guard against Not much has changed since then. The size police governance and accountability and po- sabotage and espionage, enforce war-related of the association has grown to a combined lice response to radical groups such as Indus- legislation governing liquor, venereal disease membership of 913, 315 of these as active trial Workers of the World and the Communist and military conscription and act as media- members, and represents more than 90 per cent Party of Canada. tors in a difficult industrial-relations climate. of the Canadian policing community. Practical criminology has taken up the War industries, harbour facilities, railways, Most of the Chiefs at this first meeting were majority of CACP papers, publication and com- and utilities also required extra vigilant from Ontario, and the only surviving record of mittee work over the century. The CACP re- monitoring. the meeting is a photo taken by Philip Holland, acted to major criminal-justice developments As responsibilities for the police increased, the publisher of the American journal “The De- such as the Juvenile Delinquents Act, the crea- many officers were lost to the armed forces or tective.” tion of provincial court systems, the rise of even to better paying civilian employment. The At the first meeting, the CCAC’s five man Crown prosecutors, probation, parole, ticket of situation got so difficult that by the end of the executive represented the Dominion Police and leave, firearms control, section 98 of the Crimi- Great War administrators and authorities were municipal departments of Quebec, Westmount, nal Code, the rise of the defense bar and legal then faced with a militant police union movement. Guelph and Winnipeg. The President was Chief aid, the creation of the National Parole Board, The increase in tasks were beneficial to Constable Lieutenant-Colonel Henry J Grasett the ending of status offences by the Young Of- the CCAC’s membership, by 1917, 445 mem- of Toronto and Chief Oliver Campeau of Mon- fenders Act, the abolition of capital punishment bers were registered. Half were from Ontario treal was elected vice-president. and the regulations for wire-tapping. Efforts and less than one-third were from the west. It The group’s first lobbying effort was to in these areas has included passing resolutions was also during this year that the designation seek a province-wide pension system for disa- at conventions, sending delegations to inter- “Life Member” was first given to any mem- bled and retired Ontario police officers. view the Minister of Justice and other MPs in ber of five years’ standing and twenty years Throughout the history of the CACP there hopes of blocking amendments to the Crimi- in law enforcement. have been four themes that remain at the heart nal Code and other statutes. The first 15 years of the CACP were try- of public debates over policing: technological The fourth theme seen through out the ing. The issues dealt with were technical, po- change, relationship between politics and law CACP’s history is the search for professional- litical and profound. Today much credit must enforcement, practical criminology and search ism and has encapsulated both the public and be given to the early pioneers who built the for professionalism. self-image of the law enforcement industry. The foundations of the current CACP.

Blue Line Magazine 13 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 CACP celebrates its 100th annual conference “Building on Traditions” by Insp. John Copeland sional Standards Section will be on feature exhibitors showcasing the hand to recount his experiences latest technology and products The 100th anniversary of the Canadian and share his expertise. available to policing organiza- Association of Chiefs of Police conference is Also taking part will be Chief tions. Anyone attending the to take place in Ottawa this year, from the 21st Constable Jamie Graham of the conference should not to the 24th of August. Chief Vince Bevan and Vancouver Police Service. miss the opportunity to the Ottawa Police Service are proud to be host- He will speak about his ex- mingle with representa- ing this event and invite you to join them in periences from the past tives from CACP’s spon- celebrating not only CACP’s milestone, but year as his organization soring partners, and to ex- also their 150th anniversary of providing pro- received criticism from the plore all the latest offer- fessional policing services to the City of Ot- media. He will be followed by ings from the business and tawa. This twin celebration will give the 2005 Mr. Jim Vance of the Federal Bureau of Inves- supply communities. conference a unique flavour that delegates will tigation, a world-renown expert in supporting Running concurrently with the conference remember for years to come. and advising organizations facing public and will be a number of social gatherings and fam- This year’s CACP Conference will chal- media scrutiny. ily events. We are proud to present the Gala lenge its delegates to examine their organiza- In addition to our featured speakers, an Awards Dinner at the Canadian Museum of tions and allow them to focus on some of the exciting panel has been assembled for a lively Civilization’s Grand Hall. In celebration of the most pressing issues facing today’s policing discussion on issues of national security. RCMP 100th anniversary of the Canadian Association executives. The professional program will Commissioner Giuliano Zaccardelli, David of Chiefs of Police Conference, we are proud highlight three contemporary issues includ- Harris, president of Insignis Strategic Research to host this event in Gatineau, Quebec, on the ing police misconduct, a recent case study in- and former Chief of Strategic Planning for the banks of the . The extraordinary volving a Police Chief and his service under Canadian Security Intelligence Service and atmosphere of the internationally respected fire, and a panel discussion on issues of na- Professor Martin Rudner from Carleton Uni- Museum of Civilization is sure to create last- tional security. versity will participate in a heated panel dis- ing memories for all who attend. The conference will feature several high- cussion facilitated by Larry O’Brien, founder We look forward to hosting the CACP’s profile participants speaking on topics that are and chairman of Calian Technologies. 100th conference in Ottawa in the same year relevant to the current Canadian policing en- The conference trade show promises to be the city celebrates 150 years of policing. For vironment. Deputy Chief Michael Berkow of a highlight of our event. Situated inside the more information on this exciting historical the Los Angeles Police Department’s Profes- world-class Ottawa Congress Centre, it will event, visit www.cacpconference.ca .

Blue Line Magazine 14 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line advertisers at the 2005 Trade Show Canadian Association of Chiefs of Police

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Our continued commitment to excellence See advertisement page 50 200,000 students. In 1994, Athabasca Univer- helps to ensure you meet your law enforcement davTECH Analytical Services (Canada) sity’s Centre for Innovative Management responsibilities both knowledgeably and con- Inc has positioned itself to become a leader in logged on with the world’s first fully interac- fidently every day. Enlist Martin’s Annual Traffic Safety Products and Solutions through- tive online Executive MBA program. Today, Criminal Code – Police Edition, Police Legal out Canada. Our product line of Radar, LIDAR, the AU MBA is Canada’s largest Executive Access System (PLAS) on CD-ROM, Admis- Emergency LED Lighting, Accident Investi- MBA program, and one of the most respected sibility of Statements, Police Edition 2004 and gation Software, Traffic Analysis Equipment, MBA programs in the world. AU’s Executive Sentencing Drug Offenders, as your ammuni- Alcohol Breath Testing Instruments, Drugs of MBA was ranked one of the “Top EMBAs in tion to making a difference in the line of duty. Abuse Testing and all related peripherals en- the world” in 2003 and 2004 by the Financial Our word is the law. able us to supply the sale while also providing Times (U.K.). authorized technical support for all our lines. CPKN davTECH is an authorized distributor for Blue Line Magazine See advertisement page 31 Decatur Electronics, Laser Atlanta, Blue Line Magazine is Canada’s independ- The Canadian Police Knowledge Network Intoximeters, NPAS, Visual Statement, ent national law enforcement publication. Blue (CPKN) is a not-for-profit collaborative net- Eluminator Lighting, Metro Count, Medtox and Line News Week is Canada’s weekly law en- work that identifies the needs and coordinates Cozart Bioscience to name a few. forcement executive digest while Blue Line the development of e-learning products for the Trade Show and Blue Line Online compliment Canadian police community. DriveWise the two publications with discussion forums, Within this network, police organizations See advertisement page 39 training courses and exhibits. provide the content and CPKN provides the re- DriveWise is Canada’s first turnkey driver sources and expertise to develop and deliver the education company incorporating high fidel- e-learning products. This collaborative process BlueMax Lighting & Emergency ity virtual reality driver simulation in all its ensures the training needs of the Canadian po- See advertisement page 72 programs. Our solutions are custom designed Blue Max Lighting & Emergency Equip- lice community are satisfied with high quality, ment Ltd. was established in 1990 to provide a interactive and cost-effective products. for Emergency Vehicle Operations, fleet, and better alternative to the existing products and Some of the e-learning courses currently beginner education clients. DriveWise em- services available to law enforcement and offered at CPKN include: ploys blended learning environments (class- emergency agencies. Blue Max is proud to • CBRN: First Responder room, simulation and in vehicle where re- offer TOMAR Electronics emergency equip- • Clandestine Methamphetamine Lab quired) to offer the most advanced driver edu- ment. Setting the industry standard in perform- • Domestic Violence Investigations cation on the market today. 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Blue Line Magazine 15 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Federal Signal Integral Designs Mega-Technical See advertisement page 63 See advertisement page 34 See advertisement page 55 Law enforcement has unique needs when it Integral Designs is a niche manufacturer Mega-Tech is pleased to offer to our cus- comes to warning the public of emergency situ- of specialized outdoor products including: tomers a full line of quality products and fac- ations. Police officers are challenged more every Sleeping systems: primaloft and down tory trained technicians. Our new Eastern Re- gional office allows us to better serve you from day as they seek a safe path through heavy traf- sleeping bags, liners, bivy sacks two full service facilities. In many cases the fic with increasingly distracted motorists. To Shelter systems: single wall tents, bivy shelters, ultra light tarps and tarp shelter products we offer are recognized as industry help meet this challenge we brought together Clothing systems: custom outerwear, standards that offer the very best in quality and the finest engineers, distributors, and field and primaloft insulated clothing, vapour barrier socks. customer support. customer support people to create a specialized The company started business in 1986 Police Products Group. Our job is to serve you making equipment for some of North Ameri- Motorola Biometric Solutions every day - and keep Federal Signal the number ca’s top mountaineers, and still has its roots See advertisement page 29 one name in emergency products. firmly in the mountaineering and lightweight Motorola’s Biometric Solutions are de- backpacking markets. Specialized military and signed to help save time and increase accuracy in the identification, processing and manage- Gordon Contract law enforcement personnel have equipment ment of individuals by agencies including po- needs very similar to those of mountaineers, See advertisement page 46 lice, criminal identification, jails and prisons, Gordon Contract, Canada’s foremost sup- and are discovering that the lightweight, high booking centers, and civil identification agen- plier of uniform and safety footwear now car- performance fabrics and insulations used by cies. The Automated Identification ries a full line of Law Enforcement Supplies Integral Designs can help them to do their jobs System (AFIS), a proven identification tool de- including uniforms, nylon belts and accesso- better. Integral Designs specializes in small veloped and used by law enforcement agencies, ries, flashlights, cuffs and ancillary items. We production runs and “just in time” manufac- has expanded to include palmprint capabilities carry virtually every major footwear and many turing at its Calgary factory. More than 50% to help in the identification of individuals. of the law enforcement brands that you need. of production is sold to outdoor stores and spe- The palmprint verification capability found Visit us online at www.gordoncontract or at cialized military groups in the USA. in the Motorola Printrak Biometric Identifica- either one our three Toronto locations or our tion Solution (BIS) is made possible with AFIS Leupold Canada Winnipeg store. We pride ourselves on our innovations including faster match processors, See advertisement page 2 enhanced matching algorithms, and the ability service and dedication to the Police, Fire, Se- America’s Optics Authority, is a family- to store, search and retrieve the right informa- curity Guard and EMS personnel that we serve. owned, fourth-generation company that manu- tion from right database at the right time. We look forward to serving you too. factures the world’s most rugged, waterproof, accurate and dependable tactical optics and Opus/Marketex Apparel Infrared Technologies Canada riflescope mounting systems. The newly ex- See advertisement page 51 See advertisement page 66 panded line of Leupold Mark 4 optics is mis- “We’ve got you covered!” Opus Brand Infrared Technologies Canada, a division sion specific and includes Long Range/Tactical, uniform is foremost in the uniform trade; syn- of the Triton Marine Group, evolved from the Mid Range/Tactical, Close Quarter/Tactical and onymous with high quality apparel. Opus Infrared Technology offered by Texas Instru- Precision Rifle riflescopes. First Responders Brand specializes in durable fabric for the de- ments in the early 1990s, when the first com- know Leupold products perform when needed, manding uniform industry. Emphasis on stress mercial pan and tilt cameras were sent for in- after all, we build them like our lives are on the points and colour fastening give our garments a long life of service to you our customer. Opus stallation and use on marine search and rescue line, because we know yours is. Brand garments are built to be rugged and vessels operating from the port of Vancouver. tough without compromising comfort. Since that time, Infrared Technologies Martin & Levesque/Blauer Canada has grown and now provides infrared See advertisement page 37 Uniform shirts and pants including uni- Pacific Safety Products products for a wide variety of applications, in- forms with stretch fabric, sweaters in acrylic See advertisement page 73 cluding handheld, mobile, fixed, aerial and re- and poly wool with Windstopper or HI-VIS lin- Pacific Safety Products Inc, manufacturer mote thermal imaging cameras and systems. ers, fleece jackets and vests, reversible of the PROTECTED BY PSP line of soft body armour, is Canada’s leading provider of protec- With a wide range of customers now estab- rainwear, over pants with scotchlight options. tive vests to law enforcement, military and pub- lished, infrared technology has reached areas Outer Wear including jackets with Gore-Tex lic safety personnel. Founded in 1984 PSP been such as law enforcement, marine, industrial or Crosstech NFPA 1999 (03) certifications and maintenance, process control, security, surveil- bringing everyday heroes home safely for 20 3 Year Warranty. Reversible jackets and HI- years, and has grown to include more than 130 lance, driver safety, wildlife management, rail, VIS Yellow jackets with CSA scotchlight pack- employees at three Canadian facilities in fire and rescue, research and medical applica- age. All Season and 4 in one jacket combina- Kelowna, British Columbia; Brampton, Ontario; tions. Many of our customers include police tions (outer shell, bomber/vest fleece liners) and Arnprior, Ontario. These facilities are agencies, coast guard, petroleum industry, se- and new for 2005 the OPP All Season Jacket. equipped with complete design, production and curity companies, industrial manufacturing, Best quality garments on the market. research capabilities, and the head office in universities and manufacturers using OEM Kelowna PSP houses one of the most advanced products, where the use of infrared technology M D Charlton Co Ltd ballistic research labs in North America. has moved the technological bar to the next See advertisement page 4 level no matter the application. M D Charlton has been providing a wide Panasonic Canada Inc range of top quality equipment to The growth of Infrared Technologies See advertisement page 27 Canadian law enforcement agencies and secu- Panasonic has deployed over 25,000 rug- Canada, is attributed to our state-of-the-art in- rity companies for the past 25 ged notebook computers into law enforcement frared products, our outstanding reputation and years. Featured will be Wiley X Eyewear, organizations throughout North America. Our excellent customer support. Our goal is to assist Streamlight flashlights, Original SWAT boots, top of the line CF-29 Toughbook can be found our clients in solving their problems, improv- ASP expandable batons and their NEW tacti- in many public safety organizations through- ing their existing systems and providing new cal handcuffs, Hatch gloves, Hiatt handcuffs, out the US and Canada. Panasonic offers a full solutions to an ever-changing environment. and our custom leather/nylon accessories. We range of rugged notebooks suited for the public Infrared Technologies Canada is the exclu- will also be displaying our new Laser Devices safety market including the CF-29 and our new- sive Canadian and Asia/Australasia distribu- Inc. tactical weapon mounted lighting systems est model the CF-50. For more information on tor for Infrared, Inc., Reno, Nevada. and Salient search tools. the Toughbook lineup, drop by our booth.

Blue Line Magazine 16 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 17 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 priMED: QuikClot ous improvement, aimed at providing our cus- Government – each of our 15 locations across See advertisement page 38 tomers with top notch service and quality prod- North America continues to win exciting en- Founded by a group of entrepreneurs in ucts. Nicholls carries the finest product lines gagements in the face of stiff competition. 1995, PrimeLine Medical Products Inc. manu- from the leading manufacturers in the United factures disposable medical products for infec- States, Europe and Canada. We also manufac- Telus Mobility tion prevention and control. Products include ture our own products under the names of Tra- See advertisement page 25 protective apparel, wound care, face masks, ditions 4, Rapier, Armor of America and SWAT, Telus Mobility is leading the way in mis- gloves, OR drapes and gowns, industrial prod- and are proud to offer quality products, de- sion critical communications for Canada’s pub- ucts, and custom products. priMED products signed specifically for the Canadian market. lic sector. We provide anywhere, anytime emer- are available throughout Canada and interna- gency voice and data communications across tionally through medical distribution centers. Second Chance Body Armor national and international digital networks. In any crisis situation Telus provides: enhanced PrimeLine Medical Products is an ISO See advertisement page 19 13485:1996 registered company. Second Chance Body Armor is featuring communications coverage; ready-to go-emer- gency radio handset inventories; voice PrimeLine Medical Products Inc. has be- the new Ultima Level II soft body armor, 37% interoperability between department and juris- come the sole distributor for QuikClot in the lighter than previous technology, wrapped in dictions, as well as priority emergency com- Canadian market. QuikClot has received both Gore-Tex Comfort Cool pad covers. Lightest, munication; and on-demand satellite imagery, FDA approval and clearance. thinnest, most comfortable Second Chance asset tracking and crisis management systems QuikClot almost instantaneously stops massive vest. New Second Chance Ballistic Helmets anywhere in Canada. bleeding from traumatic injury and represents and Shields, featuring revolutionary, light- a whole new approach to hemostatis, or tech- weight ballistic technology. xwave niques for stopping the flow of blood. See advertisement page 48 QuikClot can be easily applied by military, Sierra Systems xwave’s Computer Aided Dispatch police, fire, rescue and other non-medical per- See advertisement page 45 (xwaveCAD) is a modern dispatch solution that sonnel who are the first on the scene of an ac- Since 1966, Sierra Systems has been pro- takes an integrated approach to dispatching cident to enable them to treat victims of bleed- viding Solutions Delivery, Business Consult- police, fire and ambulance services. ing injuries. ing, and Managed Services expertise to help xwaveCAD tightly integrates radio interfaces, It’s all about saving lives! our clients achieve measurable, long-term re- mapping, police mobile workstations, handheld sults from their IT investments. Our mission is devices, GPS/AVL, fire hall alerting, paging R. Nicholls Distributors to improve the operational performance of our systems, E911 ANI/ALI, inter-jurisdictional See advertisement page 35 clients by delivering superior information tech- messaging, and state and local databases into For 25 years R. Nicholls Distributors has nology and business consulting services. By a unique graphical desktop designed to enhance been committed to the Canadian law enforce- making client success our focus, we provide a dispatching. The xwave suite of products also includes the Remote Office and Dispatch Sys- ment market by supplying organizations and dynamic environment for our 800+ staff and tem (ROADS) police in-car mobile application public safety agencies with equipment and uni- long-term value to our clients. By concentrat- and the OnPatrol police application for the form products. Nicholls is focused on continu- ing on our core industries - Justice, Health, BlackBerry Wireless Handheld.

Zoll Canada See advertisement page 43 According to the American Heart Associa- tion, portable automated defibrillation has the potential to be the single greatest advance in the treatment of ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest since the invention of CPR. Zoll’s AED Plus with instantaneous CPR feedback, de- signed specifically for non-medical profession- als, is the only public access defibrillator avail- able today that coaches rescuers through all steps of the American Heart Association’s Chain of Survival. It provides vital visual and audio cues to ensure effective defibrillation and CPR technique to help achieve the recom- mended depth and rate of chest compressions. Defibrillation combined with better CPR tech- nique means a better chance of saving a life.

Blue Line Magazine 18 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Helping cops step out in style by Ryan Siegmund ling that he did in his job, “He wasn’t a salesman Bernie says, noting there trying to hawk his wares — Danny Trudeau, long time supplier of foot- wasn’t one place in Canada he was there because he liked wear to Canada’s law enforcement community, they haven’t been. police officers. He was one died in April of prostate cancer at the age of “We went to every po- of the mainstays of the ex- 73. He leaves behind a legacy of lasting love, lice conference for 25 years. hibitors at the chiefs confer- friendships, and “damn comfortable boots.” We always had a famous ences and was part of the Known as a very devoted husband and fa- hospitality suite (at the con- glue that kind of bonded eve- ther, Danny will be remembered by police as ference’s) and everybody rybody together.” an honest salesman who provided excellent would show up. We had a King said he will always products and wonderful memories. little card made up; ‘Come remember the hospitality Born Daniel Raymond Trudeau on January wet your whistle’ and on the given to all by Bird and 28, 1933 in Britt, Ontario, he was married to back of it, we would put the Trudeau over the years. Shirley and together they had two children Dan room number and time.” “To them, the fellowship and Peggy. Along with their spouses, Carol and Danny loved the out- was just as important as the Denny, they presented Danny with four grand- doors, and weekends of fish- excellent equipment they children, Nicole, Kaithlyn, Tyler and Bailey. ing and hunting up north represented,” King said. “It Shirley advised that their’s is a true love with Bernie were common. wasn’t so much having the story. She and Danny came from the same While he was known for his hospitality room to give you home town of Britt, Ontario, which is situated classy demeanour and like- a few drinks — it was to get half way between Parry Sound and Sudbury. able mannerisms, Bernie 1933-2005 everybody together so they “We were neighbours actually. Both our says he was actually a shy individual. “His quiet could talk about the good and families knew one another relatively well. We nature might have fooled a few.” old times. That was his mainstay and I would would have been married for 50 years as of “Maybe in his own way he was always never miss going to anything when they were August 22nd.” laughing,” says Barry King, Brockville chief there just because of that.” Shirley advised that Danny was a quiet man of police, who knew Danny for over 30 years. “Just like the fish he used to catch Danny who left an impression with everybody he met. “He always made you feel like he knew you was a real keeper,” says Morley Lymburner, “Danny sort of had a magical smile... when you for years. Danny was a small man that didn’t Publisher of Blue Line Magazine. “But I guess met Danny, he almost automatically became have a small man syndrome.” we had to let him go. He was always a joy to your friend... Danny was always there to help King remembers Trudeau for his honest meet and would keep your attention and laugh- you. Everybody that Danny touched, he left approach to the business and that he never sold ter. His smiling face and ready jokes will be something with them. As far as our personal anything that wasn’t an excellent product. fondly remembered and sadly missed.” life they called us ‘Nancy and Ronald Reagan’; that is how people always referred to us... we had a beautiful marriage.” Danny’s business confidant and best friend was Bernie Bird, whom friends say were al- ways together like ‘Mutt and Jeff.’ The two of them travelled across Canada attending almost every police conference available; Bernie with his re-designed warrant cards and Danny with his boots and shoes. Throughout his career Danny worked with companies such as Mahar Contract, Gordon Contract and finally with R. Nicholls Distributors where he was credited for bring- ing in a few million dollars worth of busi- ness in shoe sales. One of his achievements during his career was that he got police and fire to shy-away from the standard army- style boot. He convinced and supplied these services with a wider variety of more com- fortable boots which he saw as necessary for their line of work. “Danny had a very good rapport with eve- rybody including his customers,” says former Nicholls colleague and friend Walter Mokrynski. “Anytime they made a purchase they knew they were going to get exactly what they ordered. Danny did wonders for Nicholls and he increased sales for the firm but he was very good for everybody.” Bernie echoes those sentiments. “He did a fantastic job,” says Bernie. “At one time he pretty much had Canada sewed up with the police boots.” Danny wasn’t a big fan of all the travel-

Blue Line Magazine 19 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 by Paul LeBreck Topics include rapid deployment, high risk what is taught today – and not all academies traffic stops, officer rescue tactics, tactical pis- teach the same tactics. Many police agency budgets are tighter tol drills, building searches, high risk warrant Unless an agency provides its own in-serv- than ever and the first area to be sharply cut is service and refresher training on baton skills, ice training, there is no standardization among often training – but in a world of school shoot- oleoresin capsicum (OC) and pressure point officers on how to perform tactics in high-risk ings and threats of terrorism, the demand for control tactics (PPCT). situations. Having several individuals develop officer training has never been greater. One of the difficulties in a larger depart- the training module increases the chances of A department can train its officers while ment is the variety of tactics that officers have success in creating a method that has been well still staying within a shrinking budget; the an- been trained in at different academies and other researched and thought through for that par- swer is in-service training. The Palatine, Illi- training seminars. This is especially true when ticular agency. nois Police Department conducts four days of there are a wide variety of ages among patrol For instance, in developing a high-risk traf- in-service training with all 106 sworn mem- officers. The proper method to conduct a high- fic stop module, a variety of ways to conduct bers each year. risk traffic stop 20 years ago is different than this task were researched. The lead trainer on this topic had to convince the others why a particular method was chosen. It is well known in law enforcement that convincing cops to change is no small task. Once the other train- ers were in agreement, it was much easier to convince the other department members that the chosen method was the best one for the agency. When the right trainers are part of this core group, they can have a profound influ- ence on the rest of the agency. The four days of training began when the coordinator approached the police chief about forming a core group of trainers from within the department. Trying to conduct refresher training on a variety of topics to all 106 sworn members was becoming nearly impossible for one or two individuals. The four individuals selected had special- ized knowledge, skills and abilities that ena- bled them to instruct various aspects of the pro- gram. The department enabled them to learn skills they were lacking by sending them to train-the-trainer courses. Three of the four trainers are firearms instructors and two were members of the regional NIPAS team (similar to a SWAT team). It wasn’t enough, however, to just have special skills. They all also needed

Blue Line Magazine 20 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 to have similar tactical philosophies. That’s why it is important to have fire- arms instructors work with baton, OC and rapid deployment instructors. Everyone should be using the same tactical philoso- phy so that conflicting methods are not taught by different instructors. The village of Pala- tine is divided into seven police beats; officers on each are designated described in debriefings to participate in the four-day training in sepa- after the scenarios how rate months. Since they’re assigned to perma- movement slowed nent beats, the training brings together all of down; they had tunnel the officers from different shifts, but from the vision or auditory ex- same beat, to train together. Training is con- clusion. Some of the training was videotaped instance, one morning the PPCT course is taught ducted during February, March, April, and and officers watched how they had performed. to half the group while the other half does tacti- May, suspended during the busy summer Another advantage of forming a core group cal pistol drills. After lunch each group switches. months, and then resumes in September, Oc- of trainers is safety. All make sure that every- This keeps the groups smaller and therefore tober, and November. one is checked at least twice for live ammuni- more active during their training day. Several detectives and administrative per- tion before any scenario-based training begins. Each year the training attempts to build on sonnel are also assigned to train with a beat, Anyone who leaves and returns must be skills that were taught in the previous year. For joining the members and their sergeant. This checked again. All know the objectives we’re instance, one block of instruction was on con- ensures that all of the sworn members receive trying to achieve in each module and thus are ducting basic building searches. The follow- this training, but does not deplete everyone in able to control the training better. They spend ing year incorporated searches involving stair- their division of personnel for four days. A va- a full day, or more, each year deciding which wells in buildings. riety of methods are used to instruct each train- training modules are needed and how much It is important too that officers continue to ing module. time needs to be devoted to each. learn new skills instead of simply reviewing Most modules have some component of A lesson learned from previous training ses- old ones. This keeps them engaged in the train- classroom training, followed by hands-on in- sions was that some modules require more in- ing. New modules under consideration are struction. Simunition weapons are used dur- dividual instruction, which creates some down edged weapon and ground fighting courses. All ing scenario-based training to let officers ex- time for those not receiving instruction at the of the modules are important, but the reality is perience the wide range of behaviors that they time. To minimize this, some modules have been that the agency cannot afford an unlimited might encounter in a real incident. They have designed to split the group being trained. For amount of time for training. Again, these top-

Blue Line Magazine 21 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 ics will be incorporated as build- before to all surrounding ing blocks, providing variety in neighbors, informing them of future years. what is to occur and make sure no At the end of the four days, an live ammunition is present. If anonymous written evaluation is equipment for this type of train- conducted. All participants are ing is in short supply, find out if asked for their honest feedback on neighboring agencies can loan you each of the training modules. Af- what you need until you can af- ter they have all left the room, ford your own equipment. This is trainers review the critiques, most sometimes the case with of which are very favourable, and simunitions gear. discuss any problematic areas. Scheduling is the greatest chal- Many officers comment that this lenge in conducting this type of in- is the best training they have re- service training to ensure patrol ceived in a long time. strength is not jeopardized. The key There are, occasionally, some here is advance notice. The earlier constructive comments that have you decide when training will be improved the program. One par- conducted, the sooner schedules ticipant observed that some of the can be planned to permit the nec- trainers talk at the same time and essary officers to attend while still repeat what the other had just said. having enough personnel to han- Trainers now are more conscien- dle patrol duties. tious of this concern and work to minimize it. garages could be used. Find out from the zon- The first step, however, is making sure that While the training has been valuable in teach- ing department if demolition permits have been all of the trainers are available at the same time ing critical skills, it is not without challenges. issued for any buildings. Fire departments are to assist. Once the program gets rolling, it can Occasionally someone incurs a minor injury sometimes knowledgeable about this, as they be helpful to have additional trained officers during physical skills training. use these buildings for fire training. Before they assist to provide more flexibility to the sched- It is important to recognize that if a depart- start putting holes in the roof, see if police can ule for the four days. Finally, all of the trainers ment has not had any type of physical fitness use the building for some scenario-based train- should be members of a professional law en- program, they must proceed with caution in this ing or to train in building searches and rapid forcement organization dedicated to training. area to minimize officer injuries. Another chal- deployment. If possible, trainers should attend these lenge may be finding a location to conduct spe- A word of caution though; make sure you organization’s annual conferences, allowing cific training modules, especially high-risk traf- notify neighbors before beginning training. them to see what others are doing and pick up fic stops. It is important to find an indoor loca- Contact the sign department for your munici- new ideas for their own program. This also tion in the event of inclement weather. pality and ask them to make a couple of large gives trainers time together to discuss ideas for One suggestion might be to contact the orange signs that read something like “Police improving the current program; a rare oppor- public works or park district and ask if their Training in Progress.” Hand out fliers the day tunity if they work different shifts. It is possible to do more with less today. Here are some steps to consider: • Start with a vision of what training is impor- tant to the organization • Build a team of trainers that bring different knowledge, skills, and abilities to the table but have similar tactical philosophies • Develop your own programs that are custom- ized to your agency • Seek feedback from participants if the tactic is new. This will also help get other depart- ment members to buy in to a new tactic • Evaluate the training at completion Your own trained officers can provide ef- fective and cost efficient training in critical skills that will breath new life into in-service training.

Sgt. Paul LeBreck is the training coordinator and 26 year veteran of the Palatine, Illinois Police Department. He can be reached at [email protected]

Alberta to address needs of rapidly growing security industry

Due to a rapid growth of the private security in- dustry, Alberta Solicitor General Harvey Cenaiko says a major review of it is necessary to update 50-year- old legislation. Current laws no longer meet the needs of the gov- ernment or the public, he says, adding there is a greater need for better co-ordination between police and secu- rity guards. Len Webber, an Alberta member of the legislature, has been appointed by Cenaiko to look at licensing, train- ing standards and legal duties for private investigators. The roles of special constables and the establishment of a central training facility are also part of the review. The province has approximately 900 private investiga- tors and more than 6,500 security guards.

Blue Line Magazine 22 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 RCMP launch new patrol vessel CHARLOTTETOWN — The RCMP in the Atlantic Region have christened their newest tool to support a variety of coastal operations — the MURRAY vessel. The $3.2-million patrol vessel will sup- port coastal opera- tions in the Atlantic region from its base in Burin, Nfld. The vessel is named after former RCMP Commissioner Phil Murray, who was in at- tendance at the christening ceremony at the Charlottetown Coast Guard Base. “The RCMP is part of a partnership in combating marine security threats,” said Commissioner Zaccardelli, who also attended the unveiling. “The addition of the MURRAY will strengthen our contribution to both marine and national secu- rity in the Atlantic region and to Canada as a whole.” Sgt. John Trickett, the vessel’s captain, says coastal security is much more of a concern since 9-11. “Through the prohibition days, the focus was on smuggling of liquor,” said Trickett. “That progressed to the smuggling of illegal drugs. From there, it went to illegal migrants coming into the shores of Nova Scotia. Since (the 2001 terrorist attacks), it’s border integrity.” The MURRAY is a Commissioner Class Aluminum Fast Pa- trol Catamaran that measures 21.62 metres in length and has a cruising speed of 25 knots.

Blue Line Magazine 23 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Analysis versus guesswork The case for professional geographic profiling by Kim Rossmo and Scot Filer graphic profiling systems, operated by experi- A geographic profile involves much more enced, trained and qualified people, who con- than a computer analysis of crime locations. In Man versus machine: The case of geo- duct rigorous analyses and take into consid- Factors considered in its preparation include: graphic profiling (Blue Line, April 2005), Brent eration confounding variables, such as type of • Offender type – are we dealing with a bank Snook, Paul J. Taylor and Craig Bennell claim target and natural geographic boundaries.” robber, professional burglar, indoor or out- untrained and inexperienced individuals, using Geographic profiling is a criminal investi- door rapist, serial murderer, juvenile arson- just two simple strategies, can geographically gative technique that analyzes the spatial pat- ist? Is the offender psychotic or psycho- profile a series of crimes as accurately as tern of a linked series of crime locations in or- pathic? Were there any witnesses that can trained police geographic profilers using so- der to determine the most likely area of offender provide a suspect physical description? phisticated software. residence (see www.txstate.edu/gii for more • Demographics – the ethnic, racial and age They reached these conclusions on the ba- information). It is a form of criminal profiling; composition of neighbourhoods provide im- sis of experiments conducted with students and the better known psychological profiling is portant clues in understanding the spatial solved cases. The authors contend that “geo- concerned with the ‘who,’ while geographic patterns of serial crimes and the areas where graphic profiling experts who rely on complex profiling is concerned with the ‘where.’ A pro- such offenders most likely live (this is where geographic profiling systems may be provid- file cannot solve a crime – only physical evi- the physical description can be helpful). ing nothing more than what could be achieved dence, a witness or a confession can do that. • Crime sites – a crime can involve multiple by applying one of the two strategies…” The The role of profiling in a police investigation locations. A murder, for example, includes two strategies are: is managing information and prioritizing sus- the victim encounter site, attack location, (1) criminals usually live within the area of pects. Geographic profiling does this by pro- murder scene and body disposal site. These their crimes and ducing colour maps indicating the areas of most may all be in the same location or in various (2) criminals do not typically offend far from probable offender residence, to which suspects locations. Each site has a different meaning, home. can be compared. depending on crime and case specifics. They Their article includes a diagram showing First developed at Simon Fraser Universi- cannot be indiscriminately lumped together three crimes marked on a blank background. ty’s School of Criminology and implemented and analyzed. Their studies were flawed and the conclu- in the Vancouver Police Department, geo- • Hunting method – criminals use different sions reached unsupported by their data and graphic profiling has spread to various police methods to hunt (search and attack) for their methods. None of the authors have experience agencies in Canada, the US and Europe, in- victims. If the hunting method is not consid- as police officers, investigators or geographic cluding the RCMP, OPP, Bureau of Alcohol, ered in a geographic profile, the wrong loca- profilers. The advice they offer is therefore of Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and the Brit- tions may be analyzed. For example, when questionable operational value. ish National Crime and Operations Faculty. elderly victims were being robbed at gunpoint “There is no way a team commander could There are two levels of geographic of their money and jewellery as they returned justify to me the resources necessary for a com- profiling: to their homes in Los Angeles, LAPD detec- prehensive canvas based on educated guess • Geographic profilers are experienced police tives determined the two offenders were fol- work, warns Dep/Chief Cst. Doug LePard, who officers who undergo a one-year understudy lowing the victims from hospitals and shop- commands the investigation division of the program, followed by a qualifying examina- ping malls. It was therefore actually the vic- Vancouver Police Department. “Something tion and one-year probation period. They tims who determined the robbery sites. The much more systematic, tested and evidence work in the field full time, typically with the geoprofile had to be based on the hospitals based, is needed as the foundation for impor- behavioural science section of a large police and shopping malls because these were the tant investigative decisions. department. locations chosen by the offenders. “We do not spend taxpayers’ money on • Geographic profiling analysts (GPAs) have • Target backcloth – in some cases the victim major investigative strategies directed by an taken a two-week course that covers the ge- or target type is not available equally in all ‘eyeball’ estimate that the person probably lives ography of crime, linkage analysis and vari- areas; this is referred to as a patchy target about here, somewhere. Canadian police agen- ous exercises and case examples. Certifica- backcloth. Assaults on prostitutes, for exam- cies already have credible computerized geo- tion follows an examination and evaluation ple, are determined more by the location of period. GPAs are usually crime analysts with red light districts than by offender residences. medium-sized police agencies and are re- Geographic profiling may not be appropri- stricted to working on property crime cases. ate under such circumstances. All professional geographic profilers are • Land use and zoning – important factors in members of the ICIAF (International Crimi- geographic profiling. When the geoprofile for nal Investigative Analysis Fellowship), a pro- a series of noon-hour bank robberies fell on fessional body originally formed for behav- a commercially-zoned area, it was obvious ioural profilers. the offender was committing his crimes dur- Why does it take so long to train a geo- ing his lunch break. The anchor point (base) graphic profiler? Well, to start with, the spatial for these crimes was the offender’s analysis of the crime locations is actually only workplace, not his home. one step of many. First comes a case assess- • Arterial routes and barriers – street networks, ment to see if geographic profiling is an ap- arterial routes, freeway entrances/exits, rapid propriate tool. Then the case file and other rel- transit stops, jogging paths, rivers, lakes, ra- evant background information are reviewed. vines and other environmental features all The different crime sites are visited, often twice play a role in a geographic profile. – once in the daytime and again at night. Case • Temporal patterns – geography cannot be details are discussed with the lead detective and separated from time. The time, day, week, specific investigative strategies developed dur- season and weather affect how busy a loca- ing a brainstorming session with the investi- tion is. It is important to understand the tem- gative team. Then comes the geographic pro- poral patterns of the crime series and how file analysis. The final step is a written report, they integrate with the crime geography. complete with colour maps. • Displacement – increased uniformed police

Blue Line Magazine 24 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 25 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 presence or media dis- ited case data and inap- closures about an inves- propriate measure- tigation can shift the of- ments. Police agencies fender’s hunting area. must deploy their lim- This is called spatial dis- ited resources in the placement; if it occurs in most effective and effi- the midst of a crime se- cient manner possible. ries, then the geographic In an actual criminal in- profile has to take its vestigation, the dots on impact into account. the map represent real The student experi- victims. The wrong ments conducted by the Figure 2 “guess” can have seri- authors have little connec- ous consequences. major intelligence and tion to the reality of po- Formerly a Vancouver Police Department inspector, Dr. lice investigations. Both criminal investigative Kim Rossmo is a research professor for the Center for the research data and Figure 1 failures. Geospatial Intelligence and Investigation with the analyses were problematic. The most obvious The authors misleadingly suggest smaller Department of Criminal Justice, Texas State University. police agencies may get by with a quick and He can be contacted at [email protected] problem, as can be seen from the diagrams in Scot Filer is an RCMP staff sergeant posted to “E” their article, is that they ran tests on series of inexpensive training exercise and will find Division in the Geographic Profiling Unit, Behavioural three crimes. Geographic profiling is based on “low-cost, easy-to-implement alternatives to Sciences Group. probability; the more crime locations and in- geographic profiling systems particularly ben- formation, the more precise the profile. Typi- eficial.” This conclusion ignores the fact that cally, a minimum of five crime locations is nec- US, Canadian and UK police agencies can ob- essary and the average is 20. tain geographic profiling services from federal More importantly, as discussed above, law enforcement agencies at no cost (the OPP crime locations are just one part of the infor- in Ontario and the RCMP in the rest of Canada). mation required for geographic profiling. By “The RCMP became interested in geo- September 13 & 14, 2005 using only three crimes and ignoring the aux- graphic profiling because there was no valid Property Room Management Seminar way to determine where an offender might live London, ON iliary information, both the students’ guesses Sponsored by the London Police Service, the Inter- and the computer analyses were similarly im- in relation to the crimes he was committing,” national Association for Property & Evidence will in- precise. Looking at Figures 1 and 2, it becomes comments Supt. Glenn Woods, OIC for the struct the training seminar. Contact the IAPE at 818- apparent that “eyeballing” the offender’s likely RCMP’s Behavioural Sciences Branch and 846-2926 or check the website at www.iape.org residence area is a bit more complex in a se- chair of the ICIAF Education Committee. October 3 – 7, 2005 ries of several crime locations than in one of “Geographic profiling changed that and, since Conference on Sex Crimes Investigations 1996, we have invested significantly in this Toronto, ON only three crimes. The 12th annual international conference is hosted by Snook et al. referred to their test compari- very useful investigative tool. It has more than the Toronto Police Service Sex Crimes Unit. An op- son of a “commonly used geographic profil- met our expectations. portunity to learn about the issues that matter to to- ing system.” In fact, the software used in their “The one challenge we still have is getting day’s leading sexual assault investigators from an in- the message out to investigators that we have ternational panel of dynamic speakers. Contact Nadine research is not commonly employed by police Lyle at 416-808-7474 or www.torontopolice.on.ca/ agencies for geographic profiling and is not this capability and that the system works. Arti- sexcrimes/seminar . used in Canada. There were also problems in cles such as Man versus machine are counter- October 12 - 14, 2005 the measurement methods they adopted. These productive to professional law enforcement and 1st Annual Marine Unit Seminar are described in detail in Response to NIJ’s only make our job more difficult. The RCMP Radisson Admiral - Toronto Harbourfront Methodology for Evaluating Geographic Pro- has two fully qualified geographic profilers, with Hosted by the Toronto Police Service Marine Unit, the filing Software, available at the U.S. National a third in the process of being trained. We re- variety of topics will include underwater death, accident main fully committed to geographic profiling reconstruction, and aircraft recovery. Various vendors/ Institute of Justice’s Mapping and Analysis for displays will be demonstrated. Cost: $200.00 prior to Aug Public Safety web site (http:// and its use in conjunction with other investiga- 15th; $250.00 after Aug 15th. Contact: www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/maps/). tive tools, such as the Violent Crime Linkage [email protected] or The authors used heuristics (mental Analysis System (ViCLAS) and the recently [email protected] or 416-808-5800. ‘shortcuts’) in their research. The research litera- implemented National Sex Offender Registry.” December 5 – 9, 2005 ture from psychology and economics has dem- The policy recommendations for police op- Fraud Conference erations in the article were made by individuals Toronto Marriott Eaton Centre onstrated that heuristics lead to cognitive biases Hosted by the Toronto Police Service Fraud Squad. (mental errors) in reasoning. These, in turn, have with no police or investigative experience. They Provided will be a mixture of lectures and case stud- been identified as significantly contributing to were based on research with students, using lim- ies discussing a wide variety of fraud issues and prac- tices. For further information and contacts go to www.torontopolice.on.ca under Seminars and Confer- ences, or contact Allister Field at 416-808-7332, [email protected] or James Farrell at 416-808-7238, [email protected]

Consultant Consultant in Biosafety available with experience in forensic laboratory design, training and protocols for biohazardous materials. Contact M.E. Kennedy 613-257-5837 or Email: [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 26 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 27 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Cities plan united push on court-cost issue Conference in Owen Sound draws more than 50 people from across Ontario by Jim Algie City officials in Sarnia Owen Sound Sun Times have made a deal that helps spread the $500,000 annual At a conference about court security costs, court security bill to all held on June 29 in Owen Sound, Ontario, vir- Lambton County municipali- tually everyone in the room thought the On- ties. The deal was worked tario government should pay for security in out in 1997, when the city provincial court houses, but nobody thought it was negotiating its return to would happen. As a result delegates, most rep- county government. resenting regional centres stuck with the huge Not even Sarnia Mayor costs, concentrated on the next best thing — Mike Bradley, one of two keynote speakers, predicted how to convince the province to force other Owen Sound Chief Sarnia Mayor Windsor Chief municipalities to chip in. Tom Kaye Mike Bradley Glenn Stanners his community’s formula Owen Sound, the host of the conference, would work elsewhere with- has seen annual court security costs rise to al- since 1990 when the provincial Liberal gov- out provincial direction. “The Lambton County most $500,000 from $90,000 since 1990. It’s a ernment of the day downloaded court secu- solution is probably best. The problem is you similar story elsewhere. rity onto municipalities. need two willing participants,” Bradley told the Barrie court costs add up to more than 2.3 A recent report to safety and correctional meeting. There are few, if any, reasons for mu- million, counting small claims courts, as well Services Minister Monte Kwinter acknowl- nicipalities that don’t have to pay for court se- as a large number of change of venue trials that edged the inequity and the minister has prom- curity to get involved. are moved there without compensation. ised a response. Bradley figures communities with courts There are now seven murder trials under Some participant’s in the sessions argued are on their own. He expects little support from way in Barrie, including major long-term pros- for drastic action such as a class action lawsuit the Association of Municipalities of Ontario, ecutions of accused motorcycle gang members or the withdrawal of security services to force which lobbies the province on the part of more imported from elsewhere, Barrie Coun. Dave the province’s hand. They agreed in the end to than 300 member municipalities. Aspden said. create a formal coalition to be spearheaded by Few AMO members have municipal po- North Bay, Barrie, Guelph, Waterloo Re- Own Sound Mayor Ruth Lovell. lice services, let alone regional courthouses gion, Stratford, Kingston and Brockton also A consensus statement developed by Owen where they have to pay for security. Bradley, a sent delegates to the conference, which drew Sound city manager Craig Curtis, who facili- former vice-president of the association, de- 56 people. Windsor police chief Glenn tated talks, calls for unified lobbying of the scribed it as “a toothless tiger.” Stanners said court costs there have grown province to force costs to be shared by upper “The government loves dealing with AMO from $250,000 to more than $1.8 million tier municipal governments. because they pretty well end up with no agree- ment or consensus or they’ll end up with such a diluted position you won’t have any impact,” he said. Saskatoon police take to the sky Owen Sound court security costs have grown more than 500 per cent since Chief Tom Kaye took over in 1997. Part of the increase was due to a new provincial courthouse, which consolidated courts from several locations in the city. New court security standards were adopted by the province in 2000 as well, which requires police to prepare court security plans. Demands from court and judicial officials have also driven costs up. From the viewpoint of community polic- ing priorities, courtroom security just doesn’t stack up, Kaye told the conference. A study of ten years of occurrence reports in the city show SASKATOON — The have David says it will be an invaluable tool for high no more incidents of criminal offences within unveiled the Skyhawk II, a Cessna 172 plane, that speed chases wherein the plane can track a vehicle the court. will be used to respond to calls around the city. in pursuit and by in large avert long and dangerous Just over half of the cases heard in Owen The plane will aid the force by lowering the road chases. Sound courts are a result of city-based occur- ground members’ response times and by detecting Each pilot will be joined by an observer during rences, but city taxpayers cover all security false alarms. The two-seater plane, equipped with sta- flights who will survey the city below. costs. Kaye estimates that to be about $20 per bilized binoculars, hand-held night vision and laptop Police Chief Russell Sabo said the project’s suc- can fly for about six hours at 90 miles per hour. cess will be based on how the air support interacts city resident. Constables Gary David and Scott Horner, both with the front line, the number of hours logged, how The Municipal taxation system doesn’t pilots, introduced the idea and business plan. many complaints the flying officers respond to and recognize costs to the city, particularly for po- “When you put yourself in an airplane, now you the number apprehensions attributed to the Cessna. licing, which arise from visits from people have a huge cone that you’re looking down through,” “At the end of this we may say it has merit, maybe who live in nearby municipalities. Most rural David said. “You can see the car no matter which way the city’s not big enough, maybe this is a first,” he municipalities operate with provincial police it turns, you can see bad guys running through back said. “Maybe this is an opportunity for some of the service, which costs $150 per household a yards, you can see through the trees from the top where medium-sized cities in this country to start looking at year and which takes no account of court se- somebody driving down the road couldn’t see into.” getting into more high tech crime fighting.” curity costs.

Blue Line Magazine 28 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 29 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Thank you for your work on the recent arti- ice’s 150th Anniversary found in the May edi- find out what benefit taxpayers received for cle on our Kids N Kops summer camp program. tion of Blue Line. A reference on page seven to their now $2 billion dollar firearms program. The article was very well done and your photo the driver of the “Black Maria”, Sgt. John Your article read like the government’s re- collage was excellent. Since the publishing of MacKey was particularly interesting to me. sponses – reports of lots of activity showing your article we have received enquiries from Sgt. MacKey was my grandfather and the little or no real results. other agencies about this worthwhile program same picture adorned our mantle in our family My duty as a Member of Parliament is to and our local newspaper reprinted the article as home in London for many years. By the way oversee the activities of government and en- a feature. Thank you for recognizing this pro- two of my uncles were also police officers. Joe sure that tax money is spent in the most cost gram and featuring it in your magazine. MacKey served in London for a few years and effective way possible. A comment I often hear Sgt. Robert Bruce Jim MacKey retires as an inspector with the in defence of the present gun control scheme Miramichi Police Force Kingston Police Service. As a retired member (usually very senior police officials) is, “If it of the RCMP it is interesting to look back now saves one life, it’s worth it.” The real questions *** as the third generation to have served the pub- we should all be asking ourselves are: “How As a subscriber and avid reader of Blue lic in law enforcement. many lives could have been saved with these Line Magazine I want to congratulate you on Keep up the good work! two billion dollars?” And, “Was this the best the professionalism of your magazine. Your ar- Jim Groom way to spend money to improve public safety ticles are always interesting and often directly Medicine Hat College, Alberta and reduce violent crime?” applicable to the police and security curricu- We all have reasons to doubt both the wis- lum that I teach at Medicine Hat College. When *** dom and the expense of this paper-pushing assigning article reviews or other research I enjoy your magazine exercise called the Firearms Act. Here are just projects to my students I find that I often refer and appreciate your a few: Statistics Canada reports clearly show to Blue Line as a credible and dependable journalistic integrity that Criminal Code incidents per police officer source of information. and demonstrated com- (excluding traffic offences) have more than Recently I attended the Blue Line Investi- mitment to reporting doubled since 1962; that violent crime is now gative Interviewing Course and was very im- both sides of the gun more than four times greater than it was forty pressed with the course and the trade show. control issue. I am writ- years ago; and that in 2003, firearms were Gord Mackinnon and Wayne Vanderlaan work ing in response to your present in just 2.74 per cent of violent crimes. very well together and cover an extensive cover story, “Trigger- While NWEST’s goals are laudable and all the amount of material in a relatively short period ing effective gun con- activity you reported sounds good, neither the of time. In addition I also had an opportunity trol – Following the government nor NWEST has been able to pro- to meet Gino Arcaro, whose text we use as part misty trail of illegal firearms,” in your June/ duce real evidence of success. Assisting in of our program. July 2005 issue. 4,500 cases is evidence of activity – not evi- While at the conference I was very pleased Since 1999, I have filed more than 500 dence of success. How many gun smugglers to read the article on the London Police Serv- Access to Information Act requests trying to were put in jail? How many gun traffickers were put out of business? What types and how many charges were laid and convictions ob- tained? How many illegal firearms were seized? How many stolen firearms were recov- ered? How many registered firearm owners were actually linked to the person that com- mitted the crime with their firearm? How many seized firearms were eventually returned to their registered owners? Maybe you will be able to use these suggestions for another article on the subject. What could be accomplished if we invested this money into front-line policing priorities? Garry Breitkreuz, MP Yorkton-Melville

*** Just a bit of insight. I was a provincial Con- servation Officer in Nova Scotia during our gun battle in the late 80’s and early 90’s and it was sad that it took officers Dougald MacNeil and Eric Leforte to get the tar beat out of them be- fore the government woke up. I agree whole heartedly with the firearms issues involving the CBSA and the Warden Service. In fact the Fishery Officers in my Detachment work closely with these officers. We patrol part of the national park in the Kedji Seaside Adjunct looking for people harvesting contaminated shellfish and in fact have done joint patrols with these officers in the past and will in the future. It is ironic that the Warden Uniform and the Fishery Officer uniform are virtually identi- cal and the general public have asked questions

Blue Line Magazine 30 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 about the park believing we were wardens. And guess what? No comments about guns. Stronger deterrent needed at Canada’s border crossings As for the CBSA, I saw Anne MacLellan OTTAWA — A Senate committee says Cana- amount Canadians can import, from $750 to on the news the other night saying these offic- da’s border crossings must have a stronger de- $2,000, so that customs officers can focus more ers carry pepper spray, batons and handcuffs. terrent to terrorist action or risk the economic on assessing and repelling security threats. They also wear body armour. Am I stupid or repercussions. It goes on to say, “Canada needs a system The committee has recommended arming customs within which personnel on the crossings are border of- just by giving these officers the armour they officers to change the manner in which the Canada-U.S. ficers first and clerks second - the reverse of the current are saying there is an inherent risk of being border is protected. A future terrorist attack along the situation...Raising personal exemptions for traveller’s will shot!!!! Also CBSA officers also call upon border would be an economic catastrophic, says a re- help border officers better direct their attention to bor- Fisher Officers to assist in patrols. For exam- port by the Senate Committee on National Security and der security rather than revenue collection.” Defence. Over a billion dollars in trade flows across the The Ambassador Bridge, which crosses the De- ple the local CBSA marine unit does not even border each day and approximately 90 per cent of Cana- troit River between Windsor, Ontario, and Detroit, has have a boat!!! da’s exports head to the US. been feared as a key target for potential terrorists. There used to be a publication that showed “The committee has reluctantly come to the con- Canada and the United States have promised to the assault rates of resource and police offic- clusion that if the federal government is not willing or build a second crossing by 2013, however the immedi- able to provide a constant police presence at Canada’s ate threat warrants extraordinary action, the committee ers in NA and the resource officers that were border crossings, current border must be says, adding it may be necessary to allow the federal not armed, time after time had the higher as- given the option of carrying firearms,” the report says. government to expropriate property in Windsor to speed sault rates. Also recommended in the report is increasing the up construction. I have worked in the provincial parks as a CO in NS and the issues are very similar to the National Parks and the potential for violence is much greater, I feel than the general duty officers in towns or cities. The reason for this is the attitude of the campers as well as a high transient population. When a person goes camping they want to get away from the hus- tle and bustle of the “real world” and add a few trees to the mix and some people think they can do whatever the hell they want. Combine that with booze - need I say more? Besides what a simpler way to “hide from the cops” than in a park! Most Provincial Parks are patrolled by COs. Maybe check the assault, damage, disturbance stats that are available and it may surprise you of what these officers are dealing with. It may help open the eyes of the politicians with their heads you know where. Another lead that may help. MP Peter MacKay was a provincial prosecutor in Pictou NS where I know Conservation Officers had many problems in Melmerby and Caribou Pro- vincial Parks. Also the park I used to patrol called Rissers Beach (or what I called the park from hell) also had a lot of incidents over the years. Scott Mossman Nova Scotia

Blue Line Magazine 31 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 High court okays roadside screening procedures

by Mike Novakowski lice enforcement in the field • Police must be able to screen drivers at a road In a seven to two stop before they are involved in an accident judgement, the Supreme • Effective roadside screening ensures the Court of Canada has ruled safety of the driver, their passengers and other that police do not have to highway users advise motorists of their • The need for regulation and control involves right to counsel before un- both federal legislation, which is concerned dertaking reasonably neces- with deterring and punishing criminal of- sary roadside screening fences and provincial legislation, which al- measures, such as asking lows for action even if the danger presented about recent alcohol con- does not reach the criminal level – immedi- sumption or administering ate driving licence suspensions, for example sobriety tests. • These cases deal with the interaction between In two consolidated cases the court over- police officers and motorists from the time turned Manitoba’s highest court, which ruled police stop them through the roadside screen- the screening procedures were not prescribed ing procedure, when they are either arrested by law. At trial the judge found Elias’ rights under or allowed to go. In R. v. Orbanski, police stopped the ac- s.10(b) of the Charter had been violated be- The right to counsel under s.10(b) is trig- cused after he ran a stop sign, made a wide cause he wasn’t advised of his right to counsel gered on arrest or detention, however it’s not turn and swerved back and forth on the road. before the officer asked him if he had been absolute. It may be suspended under s.1 if there The officer smelled liquor on his breath, no- drinking. The judge excluded the results of the is a reasonable limit placed on it prescribed by ticed his eyes were glassy and asked if he had roadside test under s.24(2); there was there- law which can be demonstrably justified in a been drinking. Orbanski admitted to having one fore no basis for the breathalyzer demand and free and democratic society. Even though a beer and was asked to perform voluntary field Elias was acquitted on all charges. detained driver doesn’t have to answer ques- sobriety tests – reciting the alphabet, walking On appeal, the Manitoba Court of Queen’s tions about alcohol consumption or perform heel to toe while counting to 10 and following bench set aside the over 80mg% acquittal and sobriety tests on request, these procedures are the officer’s finger with his eyes. ordered a new trial, ruling the officer did not prescribed by law and arise through necessary He failed and was arrested, fully advised of have to advise Elias of his right to counsel be- implication from the operating requirements of his right to counsel and read the breath demand. fore asking him if he had been drinking. On federal and provincial legislation. After speaking to a lawyer, Orbanski provided further appeal to the Manitoba Court of Ap- Police in Manitoba, as in most provinces, samples above the legal limit and was charged peal, a majority concluded that asking Elias have the right to stop motorists for highway with impaired driving and over 80mg%. about recent drinking without first advising him safety reasons – checking driver’s licences and Orbanski was acquitted at trial in Mani- of his right to a lawyer breached s.10(b) of the insurance, sobriety, vehicle mechanical fitness toba Provincial Court. The trial judge held that Charter and could not be saved by s.1. How- – under the general statutory power found in the sobriety tests were authorized by common ever, once again Manitoba’s high court admit- s.76.1 of Manitoba’s Highway Traffic Act, or law, although Orbanski wasn’t bound to per- ted the evidence of the roadside screening and under the common law authority to check form them. However, he wasn’t properly in- breathalyzer tests under s.24(2). driver sobriety. Since police had the power and formed of his right to counsel prior to the tests The Crown made several concessions in duty to check both mens’ sobriety in these being administered. Without the results, the these cases when they were appealed to the cases, they could take measures to fulfill their officer would not have had reasonable and Supreme Court: duty, even though there were no explicit pro- probable grounds to arrest Orbanski or demand 1. Both Elias and Orbanski were detained for visions authorizing them to do so. The Supreme breath samples under the Criminal Code. The constitutional purposes from the moment Court ruled that asking about alcohol consump- judge excluded the tests and breathalyzer read- they were directed to pull over, thereby trig- tion and performing sobriety tests were reason- ings under s.24(2) of the Charter and dismissed gering the right to counsel under s.10(b) of able and necessary under the circumstances and the charges. the Charter (para. 31) implicit under general stop provisions. The Crown appealed to the Manitoba Court 2. Neither Elias nor Orbanski were afforded The limit on the right to counsel in these of Appeal, which ordered a new trial. Justice their right to counsel until they were arrested circumstances was also reasonable. Charron Philp, authoring the court’s judgment, ruled (para. 32) used the same rationale advanced in roadside there was no common law or statutory author- 3. The evidence obtained without the right to screening device cases, where right to counsel ity to request the sobriety tests, nor was there a counsel could be used as an investigative tool may be suspended before administering the limit on the right to counsel under s.1 of the to confirm or reject the officer’s suspicion test. He found the sobriety tests and questions Charter. However, Philp’s disagreed with the of impairment and provide grounds for a de- in these cases were the functional equivalent trial judge on the admissibility of the evidence, mand, but not as direct evidence at trial to of a roadside screening device. Thus the limit ruling the evidence should have been admitted incriminate the driver (para. 58) on the s.10(b) rights of Orbanski and Elias was under s.24(2). 4. Manitoba statute relevant at the time did not prescribed by law, which was also justified In R. v. Elias, the accused was randomly expressly limit the right to counsel (para. 69) given the importance of detecting and deter- stopped by police after he was seen getting into 5. Drivers are under no obligation to perform ring impaired drivers, the regulated nature of a pickup truck and leaving a hotel. The officer sobriety tests or to answer questions about driving, the limits imposed on the types of smelled liquor and asked Elias if he had been consumption (para. 82) screening (must be reasonably necessary) and drinking. He answered “yes” and the officer Authoring the judgement for the seven jus- the limited use of the evidence (only for estab- read a demand for a roadside breath sample tice majority, Justice Charron made several im- lishing reasonable grounds). using an approved screening device. Elias portant observations concerning the context of As a result, Orbanski’s appeal was dismissed failed and was arrested for impaired driving, these stops: while the Crown’s appeal in Elias was granted. informed of his right to counsel and given the • These cases were concerned with the licensed and regulated activity of driving on a high- breathalyzer demand. He subsequently pro- Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the complete vided breathalyzer samples over the legal limit way, rather than liberty in a general sense • Drinking drivers are a menace and effective case. E-mail [email protected] to reach Mike and was charged with impaired driving and Novakowski. over 80mg%. screening can only be achieved through po-

Blue Line Magazine 32 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 33 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 “Forthwith” requires a prompt demand by Mike Novakowski Woods, 2004 MBCA 46). impaired driving.” The device allows immedi- Justice Philp’s, writing for the unanimous ate roadside screening upon interception of a The Supreme Court of Canada unani- court, found s.254(2) of the Criminal Code al- motorist and help determine the presence of mously rejected the Crown’s appeal in the over lows testing for alcohol on a driver’s breath alcohol and whether more conclusive testing 80mg% acquittal of a man who refused an ap- provided the officer reasonably suspects they is warranted. At this stage, limits are placed on proved screening device (ASD) demand at the have alcohol in their body. Under this section, a drivers constitutional guarantees, such as the roadside but later complied with a demand at a peace officer may make a demand requiring right to counsel. the police station. the person forthwith provide a breath sample The second step, a breathalyzer demand, In R. v. Woods, 2005 SCC 42, police into an ASD – “a screening test to be adminis- allows for testing, which is regularly conducted stopped the accused and smelled a strong odour tered immediately and with minimal inconven- at the police station and determines the alco- of liquor. Woods refused a demand for a road- ience to drivers...” hol concentration in a driver’s blood. At this side breath sample into an ASD, made under Since Woods provided the sample more stage, Charter rights must be respected and s.254(2) of the Criminal Code and was arrested than an hour after the stop – not with the promp- enforced, such as the right to counsel. for failing to comply and informed of his rights. titude and immediacy required under the sec- In this case, police made two ASD s.254(2) Woods asked to speak to a lawyer but was told tion – it could not be said that the sample was demands. The second demand, made at the sta- he’d have to wait since there was no cell phone taken forthwith and the police station sample tion, was unlawful and, as the Crown urged, in the police car. was a consequence of the invalid second de- should be ignored for the purposes of resolv- The officer waited for a tow truck and it mand. This fail reading, therefore, could not ing the appeal. This left the Crown contending was more than an hour after the arrest before be relied upon as part of the reasonable and that the sample obtained at the station was a Woods arrived at the station, spoke to a lawyer probable grounds required for a breathalyzer product of the ASD demand at the roadside, and told an officer he wished to provide a sam- demand. The evidence of the concentration of even though “compliance” was achieved more ple. The ASD demand was read again and, af- alcohol in Woods’ blood was inadmissible and than one hour later. ter seven attempts, Woods failed. He was ar- the Crown’s appeal was dismissed. Philp’s Fish, however, dismissed this long-delay rested for impaired driving, given a noted however that there was no apparent rea- compliance argument, ruling that the period breathalyzer demand and re-advised of his right son why the accused could not have been pros- between the first demand to the taking of the to counsel. He again spoke with a lawyer, sub- ecuted for the initial roadside refusal. sample fell outside the ambit of ‘forthwith,’ sequently provided two breath samples – both The Crown appealed to the Supreme Court, which means immediately or without delay (al- 120mg% – and was charged with driving over arguing the court should completely ignore the though there may be a somewhat flexible inter- 80mg% and impaired driving. second demand made at the police station and pretation, such as brief and unavoidable delays). Woods was convicted at trial in Manitoba interpret the phrase “to provide forthwith” “The ‘forthwith’ requirement in s. 254(2) Provincial Court of driving over 80 mg% and found in the ASD demand section broad enough appears to me… to connote a prompt demand the impaired driving charge was stayed. The to encompass the time from the first demand by the peace officer and an immediate re- judge found the ASD sample had been taken to the station sample. sponse by the person to whom that demand is “forthwith,” as s.254(2) of the Criminal Code Justice Fish, authoring the unanimous Su- addressed,” noted Fish. ”To accept as com- requires, because the refusal was continuous preme Court judgment, rejected the Crown’s pliance ‘forthwith’ the furnishing of a breath from the time he was stopped until 70 minutes appeal, holding that the breath sample wasn’t sample more than an hour after being arrested later, when he changed his mind at the station. provided “forthwith”. In reaching his conclu- for having failed to comply is in my view a Thus the sample provided was in response to sion, Fish first noted that there are two meth- semantic stretch beyond literal bounds and the demand made at the roadside (see R. v. ods for obtaining a legal ASD breath sample: constitutional limits. Woods, 2004 MBCA 46). 1. Voluntarily (which the Crown conceded “Here, Woods did not provide a breath sam- The case was appealed to the Manitoba wasn’t the case) ple in response to the first demand at the road- Court of Queen’s Bench, which concluded 2. Pursuant to a valid demand under s.254(2) side. The evidence was clear that he expressly Woods’ rights under s.8 of the Charter had of the Criminal Code. Under this subsection, refused at the roadside and was arrested for been breached. The justice found the breath police can require a person to forthwith pro- failing to comply. Rather, the ASD sample was sample ultimately provided was in response vide a sample of their breath into an ASD if furnished after the second demand, which was to the demand made at the police station, not an officer reasonably suspects a person op- invalid since it wasn’t made forthwith. It was the roadside and went well beyond that con- erating or having care and control of a vehi- the police who later decided not to prosecute templated by the meaning of ‘forthwith.’ cle has alcohol in their body. Woods for the refusal after he had provided Woods was acquitted and the Crown appealed An ASD demand is the first of “a two-step the evidence to support an over 80mg% to the Manitoba Court of Appeal (see R. v. detection and enforcement procedure to curb charge. As Fish noted, “drivers upon whom

Blue Line Magazine 34 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 ASD demands are made are bound by s.254(2) whether police had reasonable and probable mand – the breathalyzer results were inadmis- to comply immediately and not later, at a time grounds to make such a demand. The only evi- sible. The Crown’s appeal was dismissed. of their choosing, when they have decided to dence of such a demand was the ASD result stop refusing!” obtained at the police station. Since the sam- Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the complete The demand and subsequent breathalyzer ple provided by Woods wasn’t obtained law- case. E-mail [email protected] to reach Mike Novakowski. tests performed at the station depended on fully – forthwith in response to a proper de- Search preceding arrest lawful by Mike Novakowski patted down, during which cash was discov- in the parking lot, the tin foil balls which were ered. The officer returned to the car to seize in plain view of the officer, his informed sus- A search done before an arrest may still be the two tin foil balls and cell phone, opened picion and thought (far more than a mere lawful, providing police have reasonable the foil and discovered cocaine. Sinclair was hunch) that it was crack cocaine, the ringing grounds to make the arrest before conducting arrested for trafficking in cocaine and posses- cell phone, the time of day, all against the the search, Manitoba’s highest court has ruled. sion of proceeds of crime. A couple hours later, backdrop of the officer’s experience and the In R. v. Sinclair, 2005 MBCA 41, two po- two calls were received on the cell phone or- previous event in the parking lot, all provide lice officers saw a vehicle pull into a donut shop dering cocaine. a sufficient evidentiary foundation for the con- parking lot and park at 1:00 am. A male ap- At trial the judge concluded police had clusion. (para. 14) proached the car, reached in through an open reasonable grounds to arrest Sinclair when However, Freedman disagreed with the window, engaged in some sort of transaction they saw the tinfoil balls in the car before trial judge and found the search lawful as an and then left. The car also departed and one of searching it. However, he found the search incident to arrest. Although such searches usu- the officers thought he had just witnessed a drug illegal because it was warrantless and neither ally follow an arrest, “a search prior to arrest transaction, based on his experience, the cir- incidental to detention or arrest. In his view, will still be incidental to the arrest provided cumstances and the location. police should have applied for a search war- that prior to the search, there were reasonable Police followed the car and ran a licence rant. The search and seizure was unreason- grounds for the arrest,” Freedman stated. plate check, which came back blank. Thinking able, the evidence was excluded under s.24(2) The fact the search and seizure preceded the car may be stolen, the officers stopped it. and Sinclair was acquitted. the arrest wasn’t relevant to its lawfulness in Sinclair could not produce a licence or identi- The Crown appealed to the Manitoba Court this case. There was no s.8 violation and the fication and was asked to step out of the car. of Appeal, arguing that the trial judge erred. evidence was admissible. The acquittal was set As he did so, one of the officers observed two Justice Freedman, authoring the unanimous aside and a new trial ordered. balls of rolled up tinfoil, apparently crack co- judgment, agreed that police had reasonable caine, in the middle of the driver’s seat and grounds to arrest Sinclair before the search took Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the complete case. E-mail [email protected] to reach Mike heard a cell phone ringing. place, stating: Novakowski. Sinclair was escorted to the cruiser and The combination of the suspicious events

Blue Line Magazine 35 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Courthouse security searches ruled permissible by Mike Novakowski Rosenberg noted: I start with the importance of the govern- It is reasonable to search people as they ment objective. It is notorious that, unfortu- enter a courthouse, the Ontario Court of Ap- nately, there have been serious incidents of vio- peal has held. lence in the courthouses of this province by the In R. v. Campanella, (2005) use of weapons that have been brought into the Docket:C39402 (OntCA), the accused at- courthouse. Court proceedings are emotionally tempted to enter a courthouse to appear on a intense. Family, criminal and civil and litiga- drug charge. Before passing through the metal tion involves matters of great consequence to detector at the entrance, Campanella passed her the parties and those associated with them. The purse over to a , who opened proceedings can provoke strong emotions. it and saw a baggie of marijuana. She was ar- Everyone with business in the courthouse rested and charged with possession under the one entering the courthouse has any offen- and ordinary members of the public have the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. sive, restricted or prohibited weapons or any- right to expect that a courthouse will be a place At her trial in the Ontario Court of Justice, thing that could be used as a weapon. Any- of safety. The public generally expects the gov- Campanella argued that inspecting her purse one with an illegal weapon is arrested and ernment to ensure the safety of people who are was an unreasonable search and seizure under those with objects which could be used as a either required or wish to attend court. We pride s.8 of the Charter, but Justice Cooper ruled it weapon, such as a pen knife, are allowed to ourselves on having an open and transparent reasonable and convicted her. His decision was leave the building or surrender the item for justice system. A necessary incident of that sys- affirmed on appeal by the Ontario Superior later destruction tem is that people who attend the courthouse Court of Justice, which found there had been • Any person refusing to allow a search is asked to participate in or merely observe the proceed- no search since the security screening proce- to leave the building. Anyone in the security ings will feel safe when they do so. Most mem- dures did not infringe upon a reasonable ex- line can turn back at any time and return with- bers of the public would expect the government pectation of privacy. out items he or she does not wish to be ex- to take reasonable measures to ensure the safety Furthermore, even if there was a search, amined, or even pause to transfer non-me- of the courtroom environment. (para. 18) no warrant was required. The search was au- tallic objects from hand baggage to a pocket Moreover, the law was neither vague nor thorized by a reasonable law and carried out in that will not be searched over-reaching, the security procedures used a reasonable manner. Campanella appealed to • Signs are posted at all public entrances ad- were non-intrusive, bore no stigma and were the Ontario Court of Appeal. vising that all who enter will be subject to a not carried out for the purpose of criminal in- Without deciding whether she had a rea- security search and that no person possess- vestigation. Any reasonable expectation of pri- sonable expectation of privacy, Justice ing a weapon or article that could be danger- vacy, if there was one, was considerably di- Rosenberg concluded, on behalf of the unani- ous to the public peace will be allowed en- minished because of the signage and public mous court, that the warrantless search did not try. The notice also stated that those possess- expectation when entering such buildings. violate s.8. First, he examined the security ing illegal articles are subject to arrest and Prior authorization based on reasonable screening program at the courthouse, a proc- may be charged criminally grounds – usually a pre-condition for a valid ess described as follows: Next, the court considered the legislation search and seizure – wasn’t feasible. “Over • Anyone without a security clearance must involved. Under s.3(b) of Ontario’s Public 1,000 people enter the Hamilton courthouse pass through metal detectors (police offic- Works Protection Act, a guard or peace officer every day,” noted Rosenberg. “The security ers, lawyers, court officials and court staff “may search, without warrant, any person en- officials could not possibly obtain prior authori- have security clearances) tering or attempting to enter a public work,” zation from a judicial official to search even a • People entering are asked to empty their which includes “any provincial or municipal small number of these people.” pockets of metal objects, which are then visu- public building” such as a courthouse. Finally, the legislation in this context only ally inspected. All personal belongings, such Section 137 of Ontario’s Police Services authorized a search of people entering the court- as bags and purses that contain metal, are Act makes the police services board responsi- house. It wasn’t conducted in an unreasonable searched manually ble for courthouse security and the security of manner and there was no evidence of an ulte- • If the metal detector is still activated, a hand judges, persons participating in or attending rior motive unrelated to courthouse security. scanner is used; if it’s activated and there’s a court proceedings and those in custody or on The appeal was dismissed. need to visually verify what caused it to acti- or about the premises. This legislation was vate, a person of the same gender will per- found to withstand constitutional muster. The Visit www.blueline.ca/resources/caselaw for the complete form a secondary search in private law was designed to address a legitimate con- case. E-mail [email protected] to reach Mike • The security check’s purpose is to ensure no cern – the safety of all in the court complex. Novakowski.

Blue Line Magazine 36 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 37 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Money laundering exceeds resources to investigate OTTAWA (CP) — The RCMP Six of the abandoned files, for example, did not pursue more than a were worth more than $5 million. third of the money-launder- The Mounties also tended to avoid files ing tips passed on by where the original crime that produced the al- Canada’s financial legedly laundered money was not known. sleuthing agency, “Without knowledge of the source of funds, largely because the which must be derived from a substantive of- force lacked the man- fence, there is no money laundering offence,” power, says a newly re- the report concludes. leased report. “In order for the RCMP to dedicate re- The Mounties did not open investigations sources to an investigation, they need some on 45 files turned over to them by the Finan- tips were not investigated simply because the information that the investigation will be suc- cial Transactions and Reports Analysis Cen- RCMP had “limited resources.” cessful, particularly in Canada’s three largest tre of Canada, better known as Fintrac, says “There is no shortage of evidence against cities where the prioritization of investigative the document. these individuals committing crime, just a short- sources results in numerous potential investi- The agency was established in 2000 to age of investigators to bring all the criminals to gations being terminated at the early stages.” gather financial intelligence from banks and justice,” says the 31-page report from 2004. A spokeswoman for the Mounties said even other institutions on potential money-launder- The findings suggest the extent of money though some disclosures from Fintrac are set ing schemes. laundering in Canada, most of which stems aside, the information may still be useful at After careful analysis, Fintrac forwards from drug-trafficking, far exceeds the ability some future date. information on the most suspicious transactions of the RCMP to investigate. “We do keep the intelligence from that, to the RCMP and other police forces. Fintrac found that the Mounties were aban- even though we can’t act on it at this time or An internal Fintrac report, obtained un- doning almost half of the tips they were given with the resources at the moment,” Cpl. der the Access to Information Act, found the in Canada’s three biggest cities. Monique Beauchamp said in an interview. Mounties did not chase 45 of the 131 high- The report also showed that cases were much “The intelligence is deemed extremely quality tips the agency had produced to the more likely to be followed up if the suspects’ valuable, and all the specifics that we receive end of 2003. names were already in the Canadian Police In- from the tip are still entered into an RCMP Virtually all of the cases not pursued were formation Centre database, or CPIC, which con- database for future use. . . . It’s not discarded.” suspected schemes in Vancouver, Toronto and tains criminal records of known offenders. Fintrac is prevented by law from doing Montreal, where the national police force places The value of the suspected money-launder- more than simply turning over sealed envelopes most of its proceeds-of-crime investigators. ing schemes appeared to have no bearing on to police forces or the Canadian Security In- And about three-quarters of the abandoned whether the tip would be followed up. telligence Service, and sometimes police of- ficers don’t appreciate the quality of the infor- mation, an agency spokesman said. “There’re still police forces out there that would look at the envelope and not know . . . the amount of analytical work that went into it,” said Peter Lamey. To encourage better mutual understanding, Fintrac has since met the RCMP to help align priorities, he said. “We’re trying to become more aware of what their investigations and their investiga- tive priorities are, to know where they are go- ing or what is of most interest to them at the moment,” said Lamey. Fintrac, with a staff of 180 and an an- nual budget of $30 million, was also given responsibility in 2001 for monitoring terror- ist financing. The agency watches for rapid movement of money into and out of accounts; transactions that appear to have no economic rationale; or money moving to places known for criminal or terrorist activity. In 2003-2004, the agency produced 197 tips involving about $700 million in transactions. About 48 of those, worth $70 million, were related to terrorist activity. The agency does not keep records on whether its tips produce criminal convictions.

Blue Line Magazine 38 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 It’s hard to be humble with readers like these by Morley Lymburner AGENCY Blue Line Magazine had its first independent JOB DESCRIPTION review completed in Other 30% June by the New Other York based Harvey Police 20% General Research Group, Enforcement Service and the results say it 26% 56% is the most read and effective publica- tion of its kind in Canada. Security 10%

The survey Senior Corrections 4% gave us a good look Management Security at who reads the 22% 10% magazine and their feelings about the content. To say we were pleased is an under- Specialty statement. Supervisor Unit The report indicated that 60 per cent of 14% 8% readers work with a public police service or correctional service in a municipal, provincial or federal agency or institution and that the ma- jority of Blue Line Magazine readers work in a zine? Below are some comments from read- location employing more than 25 people. The ers about what they would like to see in Blue average respondent to the survey worked at a Line Magazine. location that employs over 46 people. “More training articles would assist many The readership survey also asked people departments where defensive tactics stops at how much time they spend reading the publi- graduation.” cation each month and the average was found “Like to see more articles about Auxiliary to be 42 minutes. policing” The Harvey Research Group reported that “I would like to see more advertising for the April 2005 edition of Blue Line was passed police officers wanted by other communities.” along to an average 4.6 people. Their calcula- “I would like to read about police services tions reported back that based on this figure from other countries and compare their style the magazine has a potential reading audience with ours.” of over 53,000 people. The Harvey Research study is quite de- All publishers are keenly interested in tailed and the Publisher’s Report is only one monitoring what portions of their magazines of three volumes of the complete study received Source: Harvey Research, Inc. are read the most. When surveyed, Blue Line in June. The Publisher’s report is an analysis April 2005, Blue Line Magazine readers clearly showed their preferences. Read- of readers’ job functions, responsibilities, buy- Morley Lymburner is the group publisher of Blue Line ers preferred the commentary, Case Law, fea- ing/specifying involvement, readership of the Magazine Inc. He may be contacted via email at tured lead story and “Back of the Book” the publication, and actions stimulated by the pub- [email protected] or phone 905 640-3048 most. All of these received editorial scores of lication. from 124 to 133 out of a possible score of 200. No articles or columns in the magazine received a score under 57 and attests to the high calibre of the magazine’s editorial content. Not to leave everyone thinking that the analysis was simply a statistical exercise, the Harvey Research study asked those surveyed for comments about the publication. Some re- sponses were: “The magazine captures current issues and is a very useful information tool... a very worth- while magazine.” — Chief of Police “I have been a faithful subscriber since 1988 and look forward to - and read all of - every issue.” — Detective Constable “Always very informative and very up-to- date. Nice to have a national magazine of its calibre.” — Physical Trainer Police Service “I enjoy the magazine and in particular the ‘Case Law’ articles. I find most of the articles very timely and useful references. I have a ten- dency to skip through the ads and come back to them on my second read.” — Chief of Police “Thoroughly enjoy this magazine. It has good articles and well written profiles - excel- lent commentary.” — Court Services Officer So what about improvements to the maga-

Blue Line Magazine 39 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 40 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 41 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Feds draft CBRN strategy Continuing terrorist attacks have demon- reduce the effects of a CBRN terrorist attack. law enforcement and intelligence agencies strated that no country is immune from the The federal government commits to: with the tools needed to fight terrorism threat of chemical, biological, radiological and • Continuing support of the global effort to • Ensure that the mitigation aspects of CBRN nuclear (CBRN) terrorism. combat terrorism through coherent and con- threats are incorporated as part of ongoing While noting Canada has received no spe- sistent international action, based on agreed efforts to review and renew Canada’s emer- cific threats, the federal government has drafted upon standards and practices gency management system a strategy which provides an “over-arching • Provide CBRN training, funding, technical framework to enhance the country’s readiness and legal assistance and information on how Preparedness to manage CBRN incidents... (and) protect to prevent and respond to an attack Assuring Canadians are adequately pre- pared to deal with the the effects of a CBRN Canada and Canadians by taking all possible • Continue to support non-proliferation, arms incident is a continuing priority for all levels measures to prevent, mitigate and respond ef- control and disarmament of government, according to the strategy. The fectively to a potential CBRN incident.” • Work with the provinces, territories and pri- The federal government is primarily re- vate sector to keep CBRN-related materials federal government promises to: sponsible for preventing unauthorized use of out of the hands of terrorists, in part by re- • Work collaboratively with provinces/territo- CBRN materials and for policy and operational viewing and revising, as necessary, legisla- ries and the private sector to implement the CBRN Strategy and develop appropriate and response to the criminal aspects of a terrorist tion and regulations governing their sale, im- effective national protective measures against incident. However, the strategy recognizes that portation, safe storage and transport CBRN incidents. This includes enhanced na- local and provincial/territorial authorities • Support international efforts to deter and pre- would likely be the first to respond and “the vent states with CBRN weapons or weapons- tional immunization and antibiotic stockpiles, province or territory where a CBRN terrorist capable materials from using and/or trans- CBRN incident surveillance and monitoring event occurs has the main responsibility to ferring them to others and advice on protective measures • Conduct and help coordinate CBRN research manage its consequences.” • Improving security for storage and movement and development, in partnership where pos- Response to a CBRN terrorist incident of CBRN weapons-capable materials and sible, to build capabilities in critical or lack- would be carried out within the National Emer- their safe destruction gency Response System, including crisis and • Strengthening national programs to identify ing areas consequence management. and intercept CBRN-capable materials, • Work with partners and allies to develop com- The four strategic objectives identified as weapons and persons who may want to use bined response plans, training protocols, equip- ment and interoperability standards and mutual necessary to achieve the aim of the CBRN strat- them with malicious intent by enhancing part- aid agreements. Conduct exercises, share in- egy are prevention and mitigation, prepared- nerships and cooperation at Canada’s borders telligence and threat information, engage in ness, response and recovery. and ports • Maintain a system of shared intelligence with joint research and development, coordinate technical assistance to other states and cooper- Prevention and mitigation provincial and territorial governments and in- Taking preventative/mitigative actions to dustry associations ate in other ways to address CBRN threats • Provide federal leadership and coordination to address CBRN threats will help to prevent and • Continuously review legislation to provide prepare for and respond to public health risks • Sustain and deliver a coordinated CBRN training program, in conjunction with prov- inces and territories, that includes standards for response personnel • Coordinate equipment capability standards and guidelines • Evaluate the national response structure, help to develop a ‘lessons learned’ system, amend policies, procedures and protocols and en- hance exercises and results-based research Response To strengthen capabilities to respond to CBRN incidents, the federal government pledges to: • Integrate CBRN crisis and consequence man- agement and support provinces and territo- ries in their management efforts • Enhance national operational response capa- bilities • Share intelligence and provide first respond- ers with the equipment, technology and train- ing to respond to a CBRN incident • Ensure that the government operations cen- tre is connected with regional centres to co- ordinate management of CBRN incidents or other critical events Recovery Recovering from a CBRN incident poses significant challenges, the strategy notes. The federal government pledges that it and its part- ners will continue developing national recov- ery mechanisms for major emergencies, includ- ing those with CBRN elements. The full CBRN strategy is available at: http://www.psepc- sppcc.gc.ca/publications/cbrn/strat_e.pdf

Blue Line Magazine 42 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 New counter-terrorism projects announced

The federal government is investing $18.3 delivery into the hands of first responders By March 31, 2005, nine CRTI projects million to fund new projects by the Chemical, • research and technology development from the first two rounds of funding were com- Biological, Radiological and Nuclear (CBRN) projects close the gaps in knowledge and ca- pleted. Some of the products are ready for com- Research and Technology Initiative (CRTI). pabilities of the science and technology and mercialization, while others will lead to further $15.9 million will go into research, technol- operational communities to improve the ef- research and development. Products include: ogy acceleration and technology demonstration fectiveness of response to CBRN threats • A new detector that can sense radiation with- projects and $2.4 million will be used to buy • technology demonstration projects show first out actually contacting it, thus permitting technology for federal laboratories. responders the value of new technology detection and characterization of hazards “This round of project funding will enhance through partnerships and exercises and by from outside a contaminated area Canada’s comprehensive preparedness against giving them new equipment and teaching • Rapid Triage Management Workbench, a terrorist threats,” said Defence Minister Bill them new techniques. user friendly triage system for use in mass- Graham. “This initiative contributes to the gov- • technology acquisition projects equip federal casualty incidents by first-responders, hos- ernment’s chemical, biological, radiological and government laboratories to conduct CBRN pital staff and humanitarian organizations. nuclear strategy through a coordinated research research and development or to support civil • A nucleic acid biosensor with potential for and development approach with government, and military responders to a terrorist event. detecting and identifying bioterrorism agents. industry and international academia.” The new projects will be in the following specialties - health of plants and animals and biosecurity of food, water and agriculture and forest crops; command and control for plan- ning and response; science and technology for training and equipment for first responders; long-term consequences management and criminal investigation capabilities. CRTI is a $170-million, five-year interde- partmental initiative to enhance Canada’s ca- pacity to deal with potential CBRN threats to public security. This latest funding is part of the comprehensive $7.7 billion security pack- age announced in the 2001 federal budget. Since its launch in May 2002, CRTI has invested $92 million in 52 projects and spent $23.8 million on 65 technology acquisitions. The result of collaboration by the federal gov- ernment’s science-based and security depart- ments and agencies, CRTI is led by Defence R&D Canada, an agency of the Department of National Defence, and also includes Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., Canada Border Serv- ices Agency, Canadian Nuclear Safety Com- mission, Canadian Security Intelligence Serv- ice, Public Safety and Emergency Prepared- ness Canada and the RCMP. Its projects include: • technology acceleration projects help commer- cialize technologies that are already in the pipe- line to address key capacity gaps and speed their

Blue Line Magazine 43 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Media strategy depends on who is involved Model provides a starting point for media-relations decisions by Mark Giles When a police or law enforcement agency faces a difficult issue, deciding on a media strategy can involve many factors. If the issue involves charges against a police officer or other person in a position of public trust, it can further complicate an already stressful experience. With the development and use of a sound media-relations policy, however, decisions can be made easier. Approaches to media relations often vary, but the public’s attitude towards issues with law enforcement personnel is fairly consistent – a higher standard of conduct is expected and, therefore, a greater degree of openness and transparency is required. Having a model, as part of a sound policy, can simplify the deci- sion-making process and help determine what constitutes openness in a given situation. strategies achieve this, while maintaining op- A law enforcement-based model Law enforcement models exist in a variety erational security, officer safety and the integ- The following model was developed after of other areas, such as the nationally accepted rity of investigations as top priorities. consultation with media-relations staff at sev- use-of-force model, which provides a guideline “Media relations must be part of the op- eral Canadian police agencies, the Department for dealing with offenders of varying threat lev- erational-planning process,” said Captain (N) of National Defence (DND) and the Pentagon, els. As with the use of force, media-relations Steve Moore, Canadian Forces Provost Mar- which also has its own on-site police agency. decisions must also be weighed on a case-by- shal, the military’s chief of police. “To ensure Using the type or seriousness of an offence case basis, taking operational needs into account. appropriate strategy and tactics are employed, along the horizontal axis and the status (em- Public and media-relations policy exists to help media-relations policy must be developed and ployment) of the accused along the vertical commanders manage issues. Good policies and used at all levels of command.” axis, it employs the philosophy that more seri- ous offences generally call for a more proactive approach and that the public holds senior of- ficers, and both police and military personnel (generally in that order), to a higher standard of conduct than the public at large. Charges against a member of the public do not normally generate much media interest unless they are very serious, of a unique nature or involve a prominent member of the community. For this model, the following definitions apply: Proactive response - taking the initiative to advise the media and public of the incident and any related charges, normally by distributing a news release or holding a news conference or briefing. Active response - posting of the incident or charges to a publicly accessible forum, such as a departmental website. Reactive (passive) response - information not normally distributed publicly, but may be re- leased in response to queries by media or mem- bers of the public. NDA - National Defence Act. Criminal code or other federal charges, such as the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act (CDSA), can be laid under section 130 of the NDA. Other charges, normally disciplinary in nature (similar to those laid under provincial police acts), can also be laid under the NDA. • Civilians working with police agencies and the military are not normally subject to police acts or the NDA. There are exceptions, how- ever, such as when civilians are deployed on overseas missions with the Canadian Forces or civilians employed with the RCMP.

Blue Line Magazine 44 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Type of offence verses status of the Chief Military Judge - http:// been encountered before. The recent HIV-posi- the accused www.forces.gc.ca/cmj/ - to publicize upcoming tive woman case in Borden, Ont., discussed in The model balances public expectations of courts martial of military personnel, and makes detail in the last edition of Blue Line, was the openness and transparency with the serious- considerable efforts to ensure that media and first of its kind handled by the military police ness of the alleged offence and provides gen- other interested parties know where to find it. and the National Investigation Service (NIS). eral guidelines for each category. The higher When a case calls for a proactive response, the Although the accused was a member of the standard expected of police and law enforce- website posting will normally be supplemented general public, the other factors involved sig- ment officers is also extended, although to a with a news release. nificantly raised the requirement for openness lesser extent, to military and civilian support and transparency. Given its unique nature and personnel. While the model recommends a Privacy and other factors public health implications, a very proactive proactive response for all personnel charged The name of a person charged with a crimi- response was initiated. This strategy was ex- with serious offences such as sexual assault, nal offence (young persons and publication plained to both internal and external audiences, child pornography, large frauds or thefts (in- bans excepted) is public information and will including the media. normally be released unless privacy, security, dictable offences generally), it also recognizes safety or investigative reasons dictate other- that the expectation of transparency is gener- A workable, flexible policy is the wise. All information is subject to relevant pro- ally less with more minor offences. best option vincial or federal privacy and access-to-infor- In outlining categories into which the vast Websites and bulletin boards mation legislation and, regardless of media or majority of situations fall, this media-relations Disciplinary (internal) charges or actions public interest, cannot be released if the law model provides a guideline to determine ap- against law enforcement and military person- prohibits it. This sometimes frustrates report- propriate strategy for serious incidents or nel, laid either under a police act or other ers, but media-relations strategy and tactics are, charges involving police, law enforcement and equivalent legislation, are generally considered like all other police and law enforcement op- military personnel. Each situation must still be less serious and do not generate the same level erations, subject to the rule of law. weighed on a case-by-case basis, balancing the of media interest. They can, therefore, usually Any strategy employed must take into ac- need for openness, maintenance of public trust, be dealt with using an ‘active’ response, includ- count that information withheld for valid rea- individual’s privacy rights, operational secu- ing posts to a publicly accessible website or sons can still be released later if the situation rity and officer safety, and the integrity of in- other forum. This forum should not be used as changes. Once it is released, however, it is dif- vestigations and the court process. a substitute in situations where a proactive re- ficult to stop or even limit its distribution. Re- This model is developmental in nature and sponse is warranted, such as high-profile is- gardless of the strategy employed to release or is intended to provide a starting point in the sues or those involving senior officers and po- even withhold information, as with use-of-force media-relations decision-making process. I wel- tentially affecting public trust and confidence, cases, it is important that agencies be able to come your feedback to further refine it for use but works well in handling internal charges that articulate the reasons for the actions they take. by the police and law enforcement community. do not involve personnel or cases serious When they fall within the guidelines set out in enough to require a news release or briefing. policy, that policy may need to be explained. Captain Mark Giles is the communications director for the An agency should make reasonable efforts If actions were taken due to exceptional cir- Canadian Forces Provost Marshal, National Investigation Service and Canadian Military Police Association, based to ensure that interested media and members cumstances, those circumstances may also need at National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa. E-mail: of the public are aware of the website or other to be explained. [email protected] bulletin–type board. DND uses the website of Sometimes an issue is unique and has never

Blue Line Magazine 45 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Kentville police get new station by Danette Dooley at every turn, including from officials with the town council. The chief has one of the smallest of- One of the design challenges was fices in Kentville Police Service’s new in meeting the current needs of the or- $1.2 million facility – and Mark Mander ganization while also planning for fu- wouldn’t have it any other way. ture growth of both amenities and staff. “What I said to the architect was, Installing a lock-up wasn’t necessary ‘the size of my office is not a considera- at present, for example, as these facili- tion.’ The consideration needs to be for ties are available in the court house, the people who are out there doing the which is nearby. However, the build- work. They are the ones that need the ing is designed in such a way that a space – and these people are the mem- lock-up can be put in place if needed bers on the street.” in the future. The building is designed to meet the “The Kentville police have never had a new Construction began in mid-Octo- workflow of a modern policing organization, building. The police were located for many ber last year and was weather-proofed before with an open concept in the general work area, years in the town hall,” says Nola Folker-Hill, workers took their Christmas break. Mander says. There is also a workout room, chair of the Kentville Police Commission. Early in the new year the trades people set- storage facility for police exhibits, rooms for The department moved into a renovated tled in to perform interior finishes, including identification officers and investigators and building in the late 1980s but had to share the installing air conditioning and an energy effi- space up front so the public can easily find the space with the town’s public library. The move, cient, in-floor hydronic heating system. force’s crime prevention officer. Folker-Hill recalls, came with its share of prob- Dave Seaboyer of builder B.D. Stevens Mander is excited to be at the helm of the lems. The decision to put up a new building was Ltd. describes the end result as “a stunning ar- organization at this momentous time in the made soon after the town decided to keep the chitectural landmark that will serve both the force’s and town’s history. municipal force, Folker-Hill says. Kentville Police Service and the larger com- “This is a new beginning for our police She also notes that the new building has munity for many years.” service,” he says. “The members’ morale is up brought with it lots of excitement, pride and Folker-Hill says the community feels very now and the community is very supportive of enthusiasm, due largely to the involvement of fortunate to have such a dedicated municipal the police force.” both management and rank and file in all stages force working around the clock to keep its resi- The high morale is due in large part to the of planning. dents safe. fact rank and file members were included on “It is an awesome structure and will meet “We enjoy a very low crime rate and a real the planning committee and involved in every the needs of the department and the commu- sense of security. For the police members and stage of the process. nity very well,” she says. staff, this was a real plus and I am sure pro- “What we have here now is how our mem- John K. Dobbs & Associates conceived and vided them with a sense of continuity and se- bers decided their work force should be; and designed the building, then drew up its speci- curity for their future.” since we’ve moved in here, they are spend- fications. The firm’s previous experience de- All those involved in the impressive project ing more time here because they enjoy their signing police buildings in both Nova Scotia say it is both appropriate and fitting that the surroundings.” and New Brunswick made it a good choice for building is dedicated to the memory of former Mander says police officials often “think the job. Kentville Mayor Gary Pearl, who was present inside the box” when they think of their work Drawing on that experience, architect Ross for the ground-breaking ceremony but has since and work environment, “but the architect chal- MacIntosh knew the building needed to be de- passed away. lenged us to look at this as something more than signed specifically with the role of police of- “Gary was one of the leaders in getting this a square box – and what we have now is what ficers and units in mind. project underway,” Mander says. “He died the came from us changing our way of thinking.” “The challenge was to make a building that same day we were moving. We’ve dedicated The service moved into its brand new, was both cost effective yet provided quality the building to his memory, which is impor- 30,000 square foot building in June. It was a space for the officers to work,” he says. Like tant to all of us.” momentous occasion and marked a first in the Folker-Hill, he points out that the success of You can reach Danette Dooley at [email protected] force’s history. the finished product is the cooperation garnered

Blue Line Magazine 46 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 47 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 As one motorist found out, Police Week of your children.” their policy of allowing ride-along guests may festivities is no excuse to be drunk and look- While relatives were shocked by the com- result in a role reversal. The program allows ing to party. ment, Prosecutor David Rimmer said “I guess anyone to accompany an officer if they have no The driver, with a bottle of rum beside him, that shows how remorseful he really is.” felony convictions and fill out an application. mounted the curb and pulled up beside an of- Steven Funderburk, riding with LA County ficer directing traffic. He told the officer he was *** Deputy Alexander Miller, asked if he could Defence lawyer Donald Johnson got an up- headed north but could see a party and wanted retrieve his bag from the car in the parking lot close experience with of one of his clients one to join in, acting Staff Sgt. Jed Handy said. when the shift ended, police say. night at his home in Cornwall, Ontario. The party, part of Police Week festivities When Miller returned to check on at 31 Division in Toronto, turned out to be a Johnson, a former Crown attorney, woke Funderburk, the car was gone — leading po- real bummer for the man. up after hearing somebody in one of his up- lice on a chase through three cities. “The officer went to talk to him and sees stairs bedrooms. When he elected to investi- Miller was able to talk to Funderburk on gate, he discovered a man rummaging through an empty bottle of rum and a half bottle of rum the patrol car’s radio and persuaded him to sur- one of his bedrooms and pursued the intruder in the seat of the car,” Handy said. render without incident - after a chase through when he fled down the stairs. The man, who registered a blood-alcohol Compton, Long Beach and Westminster. level of about 0.29 - more than three times the “I sleep in the nude, so he had an advan- Police call the incident “very bizarre” and legal limit of 0.08 - faces a number of alcohol tage,” said Johnson with a laugh. are “still trying to figure this one out.” related charges, Handy said. During a struggle in the living room Johnson managed to disarm the intruder - who was hold- *** *** ing a knife - and pin him down until police, who Bad odds led to a 61-year-old man being A convicted drunk driver who’d been sob- were called by Johnson’s wife, arrived. charged with impersonating a police officer. bing with remorse on the witness stand “changed To his surprise, the man he was struggling A man placed a flashing red light on his his tune in a hurry” when he confronted a rela- with was one of his clients. dashboard in order to pull over another motor- tive of his victim, says a Florida prosecutor. “I guess he didn’t know it was my house,” ist at about 6:30 a.m., and then claimed to be a Trembling on the witness stand, the defend- said Johnson. police officer, Thunder Bay police said. ant, Donald Hawkins, was speaking of his At the police station, the suspect was asked Unfortunately for the man, the driver he “tragic mistake” in a crash that killed a 64-year if he wanted to call a lawyer. pulled over was a city police officer in an un- old woman. “Apparently, he wanted to call me,” said marked car. After getting a 15-year prison sentence, Johnson, “but that wouldn’t have been a The officer had notified the police dis- Hawkins was led from the Pensacola court- good idea.” patcher when he first noticed he was being fol- room only to be overheard saying to a daugh- *** lowed. The suspect was arrested without inci- ter of the victim, “I hope this happens to one Police in Compton, California discovered dent by responding police officers.

Blue Line Magazine 48 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 49 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 VERNON, BC — Auxiliary Cst. Glen Evely died last November. Pfizer was alerted to the problem by a phar- The RCMP is mourn- Minguy was a father of two sons, ages 13 macist, who was informed by an acquaintance ing the loss of 46 and 11. that her refilled Norvasc prescription pills had year-old Constable *** a different shape. Jean Minguy, whose HAMILTON — A disturbing The RCMP and the Ontario College of body was pulled from new trend in medicinal coun- Pharmacists are attempting to contact dozens BC’s Okanagan terfeiting in Canada could of patients who filled prescriptions at the store. Lake. be emerging, say RCMP The seizure is dubbed to be the first of its kind Minguy, a 23-year investigators. in the area, and possibly in Canada. veteran of the service, An unknown quan- *** fell out of an RCMP tity of counterfeit heart Cst. Jean Minguy OTTAWA — Protecting Canada’s nuclear fa- Zodiac June 3rd, medication called cilities is costing hundreds of millions of dol- while doing a routine Norvasc, was seized by lars, according to Canadian Nuclear Safety patrol. Three days later, a search team found police from a local pharmacy in Hamilton, and Commission (CNSC) figures. his body some 200 metres west of the Vernon investigators say they have identified a number The threat of terrorism, prompted the nu- Yacht Club, where he had launched from. of patients who unwittingly purchased the pills. clear safety commission and the federal regu- Cst. Gord Molendyk says Minguy had a “What is very disturbing is that the RCMP lator to order atomic plants to increase secu- “magnetic personality” and made many friends is beginning to see a general trend in this type rity and implement an on-site, immediate while stationed at Vernon. of crime where medication is being passed off armed response. “People were drawn to him. I talked to him to the public under legitimate brand names when Nuclear reactors, mines, research facilities a couple days ago about his retirement plans,” in fact they are cheap knock-offs, some with very and laboratories that handle radiological ma- said Molendyk. little or no medicinal ingredients,” RCMP Cst. terial costs approximately $300 million to se- Before coming to Vernon from North - Judy Laurence, was quoted as saying. cure, while further expenses are tabled at $60 couver, Minguy was stationed in Tofino, where The real drug, produced by Pfizer, is typi- million annually. he would regularly conduct boat patrols, says cally prescribed for potentially life-threaten- The RCMP and municipal police provided RCMP spokesperson Cpl. Henry Proce. ing conditions. protection in some areas while plant security While the RCMP were not saying if “Counterfeiting is really a huge problem officers were responsible for others. Proposed Minguy was wearing a life jacket at the time and what concerns us the most with the medi- regulations by the CNSC concludes that an of the incident...it is RCMP policy that offic- cation is that they could be putting lives at risk armed presence was required at plants, such as ers working on boats should be in pairs and here,” Laurence said. a police service, Canadian Forces unit or a team wearing the life vests. Officers working on The coroner’s office is investigating the of nuclear security officers trained and quali- boats are also required to wear their full uni- deaths of more than one patient who filled pre- fied to use firearms. form, which includes a gun belt, body armour scriptions for Norvasc at the pharmacy. Re- With no provisions in the regulation that and work boots. gional Coroner Dr. David Eden said there are address any attempt to strike a nuclear plant An internal investigation has been reasonable grounds to believe the deaths may by aircraft, Pierre Dube, director of the nuclear launched and the Workers’ Compensation be attributable to fake versions of the drug be- security division at the safety commission, says Board is also looking into the incident. ing sold. the Department of National Defence would More than one thousand people, including “At the moment, the cases we’re investi- take the lead. hundreds of RCMP officers and other emer- gating are ones in which Norvasc had been dis- “Should there be an imminent threat to one gency personnel, were on hand for the regimen- pensed,” Eden said. “Whether other drugs will of these facilities, there is a protocol in place tal funeral service. This was the second funeral be considered is something we’ll be sorting out whereby the DND would co-ordinate the ef- for a Vernon RCMP officer in recent months; over the next little while.” fort,” said Dube. “Since post-9/11 we’re liv- ing in a different world. We’re monitoring the threat situation constantly with our colleagues in the intelligence world and law enforcement.” Meanwhile in Washington, D.C., the CIA has dismissed claims by a U.S. politician that an Iranian exile provided credible informa- tion about a terrorist plot to hijack a Cana- dian airliner and fly it into a nuclear reactor near Boston. Republican Congressman Curt Weldon accuses the CIA and others of ignoring infor- mation passed to him from a man he code- names Ali, a man U.S. intelligence agents have identified as a close associate of another Ira- nian, Manucher Ghorbanifar, identified as a fabricator by the CIA. Agency spokeswoman Anya Guilsher, says the CIA have thoroughly assessed the infor- mation, “more than once.” Weldon credited his source with disrupt- ing the plotted attack and pointed to the Au- gust 2003 arrest in Toronto of 19 men, most Pakistani, on suspicions of terrorism. All se- curity related charges were dropped, however, and the case was quickly downgraded to im- migration fraud.

Blue Line Magazine 50 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Saskatoon Police honoured for supporting Reserves OTTAWA — The Saskatoon Police Service has been honoured for its support of officers and support staff who are also reservists in the Canadian Forces. The police service was named the most supportive employer of reservists in Sas- katchewan during a national awards ceremony in Ottawa June 4. Sponsored by the Canadian Forces Li- aison Council, a group of civilian business peo- ple who volunteer their time and efforts to pro- mote the primary Reserve Force — Canada’s part-time military — and the value of Reserve Force training in the civilian workplace. Through their actions, the CFLC aims to encourage employers to grant reservists time off for military training and operational deployments without negative consequence to their civilian job. The Saskatoon Police Service has a long and distinguished history of employing reservists who are members of the Reserve Force. At Photo by Master Cpl. Timothy Jordan present, reservists from the North Regiment, 734 Communications Squadron, and MGen. Herb Petras, Chief of Reserves and Cadets, Dr. Keith Martin, Parliamentary Secretary for National Defence, Saskatoon Police Service employee Warrant Officer Joel Pedersen, and CFLC HMCS UNICORN are police officers in the city. National Chairman John C. Eaton, present Saskatoon Police Superintendent Bernie Pannell with In 2000 the police service instituted a policy the award for being most supportive employer in Saskatchewan for 2004-05 during a ceremony in granting two weeks paid military leave to sworn Ottawa on June 4, 2005. members with two years experience. A member who has benefited from this policy, Warrant Officer Joel Pedersen of the North Saskatchewan leave coupled with Warrant Officer Pedersen’s Pannell accepted the employer support award. Regiment, nominated the police service for the vacation time, allowed him to complete key The Saskatoon Police Service was one of 13 supportive employer award. Available military courses during the past few years. organizations to receive an employer support Saskatoon Police Superintendent Bernie award during the ceremony.

Blue Line Magazine 51 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Reconnecting with the mother force by Danette Dooley as the country was then called, The Irish have been coming and resulted in the formation of to the shores of Newfoundland the An Garda Siochana – a and Labrador since the mid- Gaelic term meaning “the 1600s, drawn by the lucrative guardians of the peace.” cod fishery. The predominent The Dublin Metropolitan language spoken in St. John’s Police, founded in 1836, was in the late 1700s was Irish amalgamated with Garda in Gaelic and there have been 1925. The combined force close ties between the old and has since grown to more than new country ever since. 11,000 members, with an- Policing links date back to other 3,000 to be added in the 1844, when Newfoundland near future, and provides Governor Sir John Harvey se- state security in addition to lected Timothy Mitchell of the law enforcement. Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) Exchanging colours with as a member of the Terra Nova Garda Commissioner Noel Constabulary, the predecessor of Conroy was the most memo- the Royal Newfoundland rable part of the trip, says Constabulatory. Browne. Harvey, himself a former “In police terms, exchang- RIC inspector-general, “knew ing colours means exchanging that Mitchell would be good for flags; and the greatest sign of the constabulary and, some day, respect and friendship and loy- a fine leader,” retired RNC alty one organization in the deputy chief Gary Browne says. Mitchell served policing and social circles; their families be- paramilitary or military can as inspector and superintendent of police from came prominent in the province. show the other is to give (them) your colours,” 1853 to 1871. When the Newfoundland Con- A 14 member RNC Historical Society Browne says. stabulary was reorganized with a new police act, (RNCHS) delegation concluded a five day visit “I wasn’t even able to dream that big, to Mitchell played a major role and ensured it was to Ireland by exchanging colours with An Garda be able to stand on Phoenix Park and exchange modelled after its mother force. Siochana, Ireland’s national police force, after colours right where our force started with the Other officers recruited from the RIC to a five day visit to Ireland recently. The ceremony Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC). We brought command the Newfoundland force included took place in Phoenix Park, one of the largest their flag back and they keep ours... Thomas J. Foley, who served from 1871 to municipal parks in Europe. It has been home to “This trip legitimized the Royal New- 1873 and ensured the constabulary uniform was the Irish police since the mid-1800s and was foundland Constabulary’s Irish roots with the almost identical to that of the RIC. The RIC’s where the four officers were trained. Royal Irish Society and An Garda Siochana; Paul Carty took the helm from 1873-1895 and “I remember driving in through the gate of and I don’t mind saying that for me, it was a John Roche McCowen served as constabulary Phoenix Park, a huge police facility,” Browne dream come true.” inspector general from 1895-1908. All four are recalls. “When the security officers stopped to buried in St. John’s and played a major role in check us, I looked to the right and there was Music among friends our own flag flying, the Royal Newfoundland The RNC band Siochana, named after its Constabulary. In my own heart I said, ‘we’ve mother force, rounded out the trip by performing come home.’” at official police functions in dress uniform, of- The Irish Times ran a front page photo the fering traditional Irish entertainment that opened next day showing five RNC officers in full hearts and doors wherever they ventured. dress uniform. Four of them are intently watch- “They sang acappella at Dublin Castle. ing the ceremony while Cst. Wayne James is They sang a cappella at the Garda officers’ club turned the other way, offering Ireland that wel- and they were asked to sing at our formal din- coming smile that Newfoundlanders and ner. They did such a job as ambassadors. They Labradorians are famous for. made us all very proud,” Browne says. The caption reads: “Happy beat: a smile in “Playing music for the people from the area the line of duty.” where our people immigrated from was awe- “To see our guys on the front page in their some,” says band member Sgt. Jim Carroll. “It new uniforms, that are so similar to the Royal was just like being home. The people and the Irish Constabulary’s; to see them looking so music were all the same. We were all family.” sharp and to see Cst. James smiling, to me that RNC Chief Richard Deering and Deputy says it all because, visually, it summed up our Chief Joe Browne were also scheduled to make whole trip,” Browne says. the trip, but had to stay behind because of op- “We were there on a friendly visit to cel- erational requirements. RNCHS president Bill ebrate more than 150 years of policing between Mahoney, who co-led the trip with Browne, both forces. We were coming home to our roots says it went far beyond anyone’s expectations. and celebrating that rich connection. So, be- “We were overwhelmed by the reception lieve me, we had every reason to smile.” we received everywhere we went in Ireland. Organized policing in Ireland began in 1822 We were welcomed with open arms and won- with the formation of the Irish Constabulary, ac- derful hospitality.” cording to Browne. That force was disbanded You can reach Danette Dooley at [email protected] in 1922 with the formation of the Irish Free State,

Blue Line Magazine 52 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Akwesasne winter carnival 2005 Elder’s night out

Held at theSnye Recreation Center and hosted by Akwesasne Racing Against Drugs. L-R Pete Barnes SRMTP, Kevin Lazore HAVFD, Pete Mitchell HAVFD, Mike Hopkins INSP OPP, Joel Dorion Cst OPP, Steve Lazore Deputy Chief AMPS, Al Bennett CPL RCMP, Pat Dornan Cst RCMP, Nathan Leland Cst AMPS, Matt Rourke SRMTP, Larry Beechey Chief Superintendent OPP, Richard Phillips HAVFD

One event at the Akwesasne Winter Car- The dinner was attended by 178 Elders who nival, February 17, 2005, was hosted by were treated to a fantastic meal prepared by Akwesasne Racing Against Drugs organizers the Snye Recreation Committee. The Elders Tim Thompson and Cpl Al Bennett and was in enjoyed time sharing stories, playing cards and honor of their elders. This event was named being entertained by Akwesasne’s own come- “Elders Night Out,” which included a meal and dian Ernestine Oakes, as well as a local entertainment. Serving the Elders were Law Akwesasne Band “The Thundertones”. Many Enforcement Agencies from Akwesasne and thank you’s were shared with the officers and surrounding areas as well as the Hogansburg firemen who attended and helped the Elders Akwesasne Volunteer Fire Department. enjoy a night out.

Blue Line Magazine 53 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Complacency a “recipe for disaster” Fantino says Canada has to prepare for emergencies by Ryan Siegmund

“Doing everything you can, to prevent as much as you can,” is the way , Ontario’s new commissioner of emergency management, sums up his new responsibilities. As a police officer for 36 years, he’s ac- customed to dealing with crisis situations and notes that experience is one of the best at- tributes he brings to the new job. Fantino takes over from Dr. James Young as the second com- missioner in the position’s two-year existence. The two men share similar ideals; ensuring co- ordinated responses to emergency situations are in place and, in doing so, bringing Ontario up to Canadian and North American standards of emergency preparedness. Once the top-cop in London, York Region if you will, so we have to make sure that we in place, Fantino says. and Toronto police services, Fantino is accus- can work together, that systems are compat- “My view is that we have to ensure that they tomed to the high demands and responsibility ible and that there is this mutual aid willing- are properly trained, that they have proper equip- of preparing for and dealing with all types of ness, which exists but just needs to be facili- ment and that all the necessary safeguards are emergencies – a vital component of his new tated,” Fantino says. “This isn’t a one-stop in place to ensure that they are safe as well when post. He was involved in planning security for shopping kind of a response. We are trying to responding to what is invariably dangerous the Toronto economic summit in the late 1980s, put together a comprehensive area of exper- work,” Fantino says. “We have to make sure that the Papal visit and the security package for tise that we can deal with in all these issues our first responders are supported and that we Toronto’s failed Olympics bid. He also directed and, of course, in formulating all these plans, have systems, plans and strategies in place.” the policing response for the SARS outbreak practicing them, doing exercises and improv- The response to the massive Cobourg in- and blackout. ing as we go forward.” dustrial fire is a fine example of how having a His experiences have familiarized him As the number of partnerships and mutual plan of action leads to a successful recovery, with important stakeholders, agencies and aid agreements continue to grow, delegating Fantino says. gaps that need to be addressed. Fantino says responsibilities and developing understanding “Everything worked very well because he will work to improve emergency prepar- is an ongoing process. EMO is trying to make they trained together, planned together and edness in the province and contribute to a the response to any emergency seamless, eventually they deployed together... some 12 work in progress – Emergency Management Fantino says, adding the way to do that is to different fire departments deployed there. The Ontario (EMO) – and its ongoing plan to en- get everyone on the same page. end result was a lot of damage but there was sure the security of Ontarians. no loss of life and no one was really injured.” An organization within the Ministry of First responders and Response measures are all predicated on Community Safety and Correctional Services, interoperability the availability of resources, says Fantino, add- EMO has come a long way since the act creat- EMO monitors, determines and coordi- ing all parties are very much dependent on one ing it was passed in 2003. Expanding upon key nates the response to emergency situations. another for survivability. partnerships and ensuring that various mate- Most disasters and emergencies are local is- “In circumstances where there is an emer- rial experts are in place remains a high prior- sues, which is why Fantino wants to focus as gency – I don’t think anybody would refuse ity. Brokering deals and building a bridge be- much energy as possible on first responders and you, but you have to go out and find a resource tween the various entities is vital because you getting them properly trained. Joint exercises that would be able to help you with whatever never know who you will have to call upon to between fire, EMS and police, currently tak- equipment is necessary. In the Cobourg fire, help, he notes. ing place in many areas and dealing with for instance, there were all kinds of things nec- “In the event of an emergency, we are all pandemics, terrorism, nuclear and cross bor- essary to deal with that event that were not read- having to contribute to one another’s survival, der issues, are helping to put proper procedures ily available in the community and we facili- tated some of that – like bringing in environ- ment experts and resources from the air force base in Trenton.” Communication is key to getting first re- sponders on the same page and it’s crucial that they and other agencies can exchange both voice and data effectively, transparently and in a timely and critical fashion. With technol- ogy at the forefront of so many expenditures for first responder units, Fantino says new equipment needs to be compatible. “We are advocating more and more that it’s critical to ensure that we buy equipment that talks to other equipment,” Fantino says. “There is just no way that you can deny the fact that people are out there buying and doing their thing for all the good reasons, but at the

Blue Line Magazine 54 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 end of the day, I think we have to look at the economic viability, vulnerability and the risks.” “Now should we train and prepare to their greater good and how does this fit into the Fantino and Ontario premier Dalton level? Probably not, but you need to know what master plan.” McGuinty met with homeland security secre- you may have to deal with and you need to Current interoperability challenges include tary Michael Chertoff to talk about the com- prepare for the worst and hope for the best.” aging equipment, limited funding and few mon issues and importance of a united front Events happening in a far away place can standards. against the threat of terrorism. Fantino says he and does impact us here, Fantino says. “I think there is also a lack of planning, vi- was very impressed by the willingness to work “SARS didn’t start in Toronto, it came from sion and foresight in developing interoperability together on these issues and notes the econo- somewhere else... the globalization of travel, into the things that we do,” says Fantino. “I think mies of both countries are closely linked. international terrorism, pandemics – you name it starts with the belief that this is an essential “They are absolutely on guard, believing it – all of those things have an international ingredient in enabling us to deliver the services as they do that it is not a matter of them being and global component. As a result, no entity that we are required to provide. struck again by terrorists – its just a matter of can work in isolation; you have to be plugged Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness when and where. We here tend to be a little in, you have to be on guard and even more so, Canada is developing a national strategy with more complacent and I think that complacency you have to be strategic in looking at the big- the goal of having a fully interoperable wire- in itself is very dangerous.” ger picture and that is the only way we can less communications system within ten years. As important as it is to be prepared on the really do business today.” “That (goal) is too long and too far down the home front, Fantino recently went on a trip to track because we may need this tomorrow,” Israel, along with high profile police and gov- Threats says Fantino. “The strategy is expected by next ernment officials, to examine how Israeli offi- Ontario can not assume it’s immune from year and we are now going to be able to see cials deal with state of emergencies. Fantino acts of nature, man or health concerns. what our vision will translate into.” says it would be a recipe for disaster if Ontario Pandemics, for example, are attracting a lot of and the rest of Canada looked at the challenges interest and concern and motivating people to US and international relations they are facing in isolation from events else- work very hard at prevention and preparation. An emergency or disaster situation that where in the world. Keeping up with what is “If you think of SARS, you look at the chal- would cause the shutdown of Canada’s border going on internationally helps Canada learn the lenge we had to go through there; 40 odd lives with the US would have a huge economic im- best practices of other countries. lost, it created a great deal of anxiety and pact on both countries, says Fantino. “Some, through an awful lot of grief and trauma in the communities, the difficulty trav- “We have eight major border crossings aggravation, have developed quite a resilient elling and what it did to the economy.” with congruent states and we have to ensure response to issues, as the Israelis have. They Fantino is intrigued by research conducted they are as aware as we are in our commitment are really good at having to deal with these by Dr. Michael Osterholm, director of the Cen- and determination to do everything we can here tragic events and they do it in a way that we tre for Infectious Disease Research and Policy in Ontario... it’s ensuring that our American can’t even imagine here... but they have had to at the University of Minnesota. Osterholm colleagues also realize that Canada, especially practice out of necessity and they have been warned that the next pandemic will shut down Ontario in my situation, is as committed as they thrown into this kind of scenario, where they the global economy within days and mentioned are to look after issues of mutual concern; the are very confident and capable of dealing with Toronto’s ordeal with the two SARS outbreaks safety of their states and our provinces, the these situations... as an example of what can happen in a city in a

Blue Line Magazine 55 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 short period of time. that law enforcement and national security agen- Education “He warns that because the world has be- cies do to prevent them (from acting), so I think EMO continues to move forward to ensure come so interdependent for food, drugs and other the vigilance has to always be there. that Ontario’s 444 municipalities are working supplies – even a mild pandemic would shut “Complacency is a recipe for disaster. Look on preparedness but Fantino says it needs to down international trade and travel and leave what is happening all over the world; Canada also focus on educating the public. the world in chaos within days,” Fantino notes. and Ontario are no less vulnerable. Terrorism “If people are not prepared and if they are “What’s worse, he predicted that it would take is all about making a statement and you can not self sustained, at least for a few days in an years for the world’s economy to recover. Should make that statement anywhere – and they do. emergency and a catastrophe – then they too we be worried – I say yeah, we should, but we “There are all kinds of trains that travel this become a burden on the system. We need to can’t isolate ourselves to avoid such situations.” country and carry all kinds of goods, some of think of people as a resource, not as a burden. The threat of terrorism can also never be which are very dangerous if not controlled or “Those are the kinds of things we want to discounted, he adds. not properly stored... we just don’t know what do more of; embracing more of the partners and “The determination of a criminal element would happen and we can’t assume that it won’t developing a larger inventory of critical infra- or anybody that wants to cause harm – terrorists happen. In fact, you have to believe that it will structure from the corporate and private sector. are very sophisticated people and you can’t un- at some point, somewhere, and we have to be They can do so much and they are doing a lot, dermine their determination to do things,” cau- prepared because it is the only reasonable thing so I think what I want to do is embrace as many tions Fantino. “They frustrate the kinds of things to do.” entities, people (and) organizations as we can in a master plan that we can then draw on when we are put into that predicament.” Ontario emergency legislation defines authority Fantino has set a goal of building new ca- pacity in every component of EMO; mitiga- by Ryan Siegmund with General Motors and other companies to reduce elec- tricity during the blackout. tion, preparedness, response and recovery. He SARS and the blackout demonstrated the need for “We want the province to have the authority to say is committed to streamlining the government’s effective legislation to further enhance Ontario’s capa- ‘listen, everybody has to reduce their electrical output response and approach in times of declared bility to respond to emergencies, says Julian Fantino. by 20 per cent so that you won’t have this drain on re- provincial emergencies and to broaden EMO’s New legislation, Bill 138, will more clearly define sources’... those are the things that are quite evident the role of senior people in an emergency situation and and what the other provinces and the states are doing, vision, both nationally and internationally. outline the rules of engagement. “What this does is de- and that is what we included in the Ontario legislation.” Prior to 9-11, EMO was a small, relatively fine roles and responsibilities (and) span of control,” says However, the committee took care to ensure the unknown organization, but that has changed. Fantino. “It empowers the premier and cabinet to do any legislation wasn’t a “bull-dozer type bill,” Colle notes. The Ontario government increased its funding, number of things that may be necessary to deal with a “We didn’t include the right to enter without warrant enabling it to introduce round the clock moni- provincially declared emergency, including (setting) the (for example), because we were told by the police au- criteria for declaring a provincial emergency.” thorities... that in Ontario, there has been a pretty good toring, double its staff and enhance the prov- Mike Colle, parliamentary assistant to the minister tradition of the public being very cooperative with po- ince’s emergency operations centre capabili- of finance, chairs the committee that introduced the bill. lice. In other words you don’t want to scare people and ties. It provided resources for chemical, bio- He says former commissioner Dr. James Young told them all of a sudden give police extra rights and extra author- logical, radiological and nuclear units and the province was not keeping up with North American ity – the bill was an attempt to be very conscious of peo- emergency preparedness standards. ple’s rights and, at the same time, ensure that the peo- Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (HUSAR) Young spoke of the need to have a clear line of ple on the front lines can get the job done without being teams across the province. It also improved authority, a person in charge, specific protocols for get- second guessed.” Ontario’s ability to gather criminal intelligence. ting information and cooperation from municipal govern- The bill is designed to help the province cope with “I think as I look around and become more ments and ministries, right down to EMS agencies across major emergencies, Colle says. and more aware of what is going on, Ontario jurisdictions. Furthermore, a report on SARS and the “This is about, god forbid, looking at the history we blackout noted that there was no designated person in have had with 9-11... we are not talking about a one-day is working very hard and there is a great deal charge of implementing a course of action. Bill 138 spe- blackout. Let’s say we get a blackout for three months in of energy and commitment to be the best in an cifically states that either the province’s chief medical the middle of winter time – that’s what this bill is all about. area where you hope you will never have to officer of health, Dr. Sheila Basrur, or Fantino will as- It would be invoked very rarely, but we were told unani- engage. There is a very conscientious regard sume that role. mously throughout North America that you have to have “That’s what the bill does right off the top, that they this in your back pocket. for being prepared and for being able to re- are in charge and they can start to take action immedi- “In this day and age, considering what can happen spond to best protect the citizens of Ontario in ately without wondering who is in charge,” says Colle. – you have no choice – you are basically being negli- a way that we minimize the loss of life, inju- For example, Peel, Toronto and Halton all have their gent if you don’t have this kind of legislation ready to ries, the loss of property and recover as quick own authority, making it difficult to designate power in protect the public and to ensure the first responders can as we can.” emergency situations, he notes. One person in charge get the job done. enables a quick response and eliminates having to deal “Nobody thinks about these types of bills and then with layers of authority. when something breaks out, everybody says ‘oh, why Julian Fantino is the former police chief of “The last time we found we had no authority to con- don’t you have it’... once the public and the government London, York Region, and Toronto Police trol people, especially the big manufacturers, from us- understand that we need it, it will happen.” Services. For more information contact ing all this electricity – we had to basically do it by re- The bill has been carried over to the Ontario legis- Julian Fantino at 416-327-9734 or quest,” says Colle, adding the government had to plead lature’s fall session. [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 56 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Athabasca University and the Canadian Police College form partnership Athabasca University’s Centre for Innova- The CPC supports the development of curricu- addition of new specialized electives, with con- tive Management and the Canadian Police lum that will focus on strategic issues in polic- tent developed in collaboration with the CPC, College (CPC) recently announced a partner- ing management... while enhancing career op- will give police professionals the best of both ship that will provide Canada’s first MBA de- portunities for police executive and middle man- worlds: a highly rigorous management educa- gree with specialized electives in policing. agement communities across Canada.” tion with a concentrated focus on the leadership These electives will address many of the lead- Dr. Lindsay Redpath, Executive Director of needs of the broad policing community.” ership and operational competencies required the Centre for Innovative Management, shared The CPC and AU will work together to de- in increasingly complex policing environments, her thoughts on the new initiative: “Our part- velop elective curriculum that reflects the latest and will feature new models of highly collabo- nership with the Canadian Police College is a developments in policing management theory rative and integrated policing management. natural extension of the very successful experi- and practice, including the move to more highly Chief Superintendent Mike Saunders, Di- ence that many members of the policing com- integrated policing. Students will be able to en- rector General of the Canadian Police College munity have had in our MBA program. The rol in the first official intake in January, 2006. noted the significance of this historic partner- ship: “We are very pleased to collaborate with Athabasca University on this important new ini- tiative that will equip our policing community with the knowledge and tools that are required in these rapidly changing and challenging times.

Police pre-dawn raid deals blow to Hells Angels NAPANEE, Ont. (CP) — The wings of an eastern Ontario Hells Angels mo- torcycle gang cell have been clipped after a 21- month covert operation, police said. “These individuals were leading the Hells Angels drug distribution network for Kingston and the sur- rounding area,” said Det. Supt. Dan Bell of the On- tario Provincial Police’s Biker Enforcement Unit. More than a dozen Hells Angels or their associ- ates were rounded up on drug and conspiracy charges during pre-dawn raids throughout eastern Ontario and western Quebec. Several also face organized crime charges, which could carry 14-year prison sentences if they come to conviction. Of those arrested, police said three were “rank- ing members” of the Hells Angels - two from a chapter in the Ottawa area known as the Nomads, and an- other from a Quebec arm of the gang - who operated a cell in the Kingston area and funnelled drugs into the region, Bell said. Police have issued warrants for two more people. In addition to arrests, officers seized Hells An- gels paraphernalia, patches, jewelry, several vehicles and a large quantity of cocaine, ecstasy and marijuana. “I think we’ve dealt a significant blow to the Hells Angels, particularly the Nomads chapter,” Bell said. “They now see that they are vulnerable, and law enforcement have come in, identified a cell and taken it off. The impact to the community is signifi- cant. The impact on the organization, I believe, will also be significant.” Led by the provincial police biker squad, the probe began in September 2003 and involved a number of police agencies, including Belleville, Ottawa, Kingston, Quebec provincial police and members of the RCMP. “Organized crime knows no bounds, and this in- vestigation succeeded with partnerships between all eight agencies,” said Det. Supt. Jim Miller of the OPP Drug Enforcement Unit. “We’re hoping this will put a dent (in Hells Angels operations) for a period of time, but certainly it won’t shut them down forever.”

Blue Line Magazine 57 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 VANCOUVER — Van- panded Taser use goes further than the prov- Alberta Solicitor General Harvey Cenaiko says the couver police have de- ince and police have so far. Last August, seven creation of an Integrated Child cided against installing London police officers were cleared in Exploitation (ICE) unit will tie Alberta 23 video surveillance Lamonday’s death by the provincial Special to an existing initiative at the national level. The ICE unit will be 20 cameras in the down- Investigations Unit, Ontario’s police watchdog. members strong and will be made up town area, after years of Lamonday’s common-in-law partner, of officers from the RCMP, Edmonton toying with the idea. Cathy Colborne says although she felt the jury Police Service, Calgary Police Police cooled to the idea after research performed its duties well, she and her lawyer Service, officers from smaller cities. conducted in the United Kingdom showed cam- felt that the physical restraint also contributed They will look into tips, review files and assist police on investigations eras there do little to deter property theft and to Peter’s death. and major warrants. “This announcement sends a violent crime. There are as many as one mil- Colborne is considering a civil action very clear message to Internet predators and lion closed-circuit television surveillance cam- against police. pedophiles that their actions will not be tolerated in eras on 24-hour watch in the U.K. Alberta,” said Cenaiko. The program, expected to launch this summer, will cost $1.8 million per year. Insp. Axel Hovbrender, coordinator of the *** police’s video surveillance proposal, presented WINNIPEG — A Under new legislation, police are to be notified by Ontario doctors when a patient the study’s findings to the and rec- memorandum of un- comes in with gunshot wounds. ommended it shelve the idea. derstanding has been Community Safety Minister Monte “The research came back and it proved that signed by the Mani- Kwinter says the legislation has the type of regime we were talking about ... toba government and received support from police and health-care staff. He says the policy did not have the impact in relation to crime three native organizations that will allow na- on reporting gunshot wounds varied that was anticipated,” Hovbrender was quoted tive communities to take over so-called com- from hospital to hospital. The bill as saying. munity justice services ranging from probation requires all hospitals and other Michael Vonn, policy director of the B.C. to court-ordered anger management courses. health-care facilities to verbally report the names of people who are treated for such wounds to their local Civil Liberties Association, applauded the po- “We have been ready for a long, long time police service as soon as they can. Ontario is the first lice for paying attention to Britain’s to develop a system that will reflect our cul- province in the country to pass such a law. “groundbreaking study.” ture and beliefs, and a system that will work Former foreign minister Bill Graham says he felt frus- The research also confirms a study done for our people,” said Grand Chief Sydney trated that he couldn’t get more in- by the Edmonton police that shows cameras Garrioch of the Manitoba Keewatinowi formation from the RCMP about have little, if any, impact on fights and distur- Okimakanak, which represents northern native , who was arrested by bances in bar districts. communities. U.S. authorities and deported to Syria. Graham told a public inquiry Hovbrender says although cameras might While it is expected that the details of the that he was repeatedly told by top not deter fights, the research shows they can agreement will take a while to work out, na- American officials there was good be valuable against auto theft. The department tive leaders and the government are hoping that reason for their actions - and that has not ruled out the possibility of using cam- programs run by native communities will do a he should ask his own police and security people for details. The eras in parking lots. better job of reducing crimes by aboriginals. RCMP provided only general information, with no op- “Community justice services will be pro- erational details, Graham said, adding he felt he was *** vided by people who are familiar with the com- at a disadvantage because his American counterparts appeared to know more than he did. Arar says he LONDON, Ont. — A coroner’s jury has rec- munity (and) understand the background of was tortured in Syria into false confessions of terror- ommended that all front-line police officers in those they help,” said provincial Attorney Gen- ist activity. The inquiry is examining the role of Cana- Ontario be equipped with and trained in the eral Gord Mackintosh, adding that the services dian officials in the matter. use of Taser stun guns. will still have to follow the Criminal Code and Retired Ontario Provincial Police chief James The jury, convened under regional coro- other laws. Erskine, who spent much of his life ner Thomas Wilson, made 17 recommendations The agreement, billed a first of its kind in fighting street and white-collar crime, and also determined that Peter Lamonday, a Canada, is partly in response to the 1991 Abo- has died at the age of 84.“He was an open, honest and friendly man,” 33-year-old landscaper from London, Ont., riginal Justice Inquiry, which examined the his son Bruce said. “It didn’t matter died of cocaine induced excited delirium on police shooting of Winnipeg aboriginal leader what your rank was...whether you May 14, 2004, when he was tasered by Lon- J.J. Harper. were the cleaner or the federal don police. One of the inquiry’s many recommendations minister, he always had time for you.” Erskine helped solve one of London deputy Police Chief Tony was a call to try to keep aboriginal convicts out Canada’s most memorable art fraud McGowan said the recommendation on ex- of jail and strengthen their community ties. investigations and later led a province-wide campaign to reduce drunk driving. A veteran of the Second World War, he launched his policing career as a probationary constable in 1945 and rose through the ranks to become commissioner in 1981. Cmdr. Steve Moore has been appointed as the new Canadian Forces (CF) Provost Marshal, the military’s chief of police. Moore, the former deputy provost marshal for the National Investigation Service (NIS), assumes responsibility for policing and coordinating security and force protection at CF bases and Defence establishments around the world. He was promoted to the rank of captain on June 1, succeeding Col. Dorothy Cooper, who leaves the post after four years. “I am confident Cmdr. Moore will continue to build upon the organization’s reputation of professionalism and competence among military members and the wider police community,” said Col. Cooper.

Blue Line Magazine 58 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Perfectly obvious answers not always true beltway sniper incidents a few years ago). It from its conclusion, is that, just because you found no significant differences in frequency of think something and have a good rationale to by Dr. Dorothy Cotton use of force between the genders, although sus- back it up doesn’t mean you are right. There are Given that I spend a lot of time writing, it pects involved in encouters with female offic- lots of good reasons to think that women may probably won’t surprise anyone to learn that ers were slightly less likely to need medical care. use more or less force, and your experience words amuse me, but I am also amused by num- I suspect that all of the reasons I listed could also make you lean one way or another – bers; I like to count things. above probably have some small influence on but there is a lot to be said for counting things. Sometimes it’s obvious what needs to be whether or not women use force – but in the Sometimes the stuff that seems perfectly counted – I wonder how many guys in prison end, it appears they either just don’t matter very obvious just isn’t true. have attention deficit disorder, for example, or much or cancel each other out. It appears that whether fewer or more people would end up police officers act like police officers, gender You can reach Dr. Dorothy Cotton, Blue Line’s psychology columnist at [email protected], by fax at (613) 530- in jail if they opened a mental health court – notwithstanding (at least as far as use of force 3141 or mail at: Dorothy Cotton RTC(O) PO Box 22 but other times it’s a little harder. What do you is concerned). Kingston Ontario K7L 4V7. count to find out how ‘good’ a police service One of the lessons from this study, aside is or to show whether the death penalty is an effective deterrent? Sometimes you don’t bother to count things because you figure the answer is so obvious, it’s not worth the trouble. Now here’s a ques- tion for you. You have to agree to answer this before you read any further, okay? Promise? Are female police officers more likely, less likely or of the same likelihood to use force as male officers? I ran across an article about this recently and have to admit that my guess was wrong. I asked a few of my police friends and they all got it wrong too – although some of us were wrong in one direction and the rest in another. I’m not going to tell you my guess, but I will tell you what the options were and some of the reasoning involved. There are a number of reasons to suspect females would be less likely to use force. Some people felt that female police officers tend to be better verbally than men and thus better at using words to de-escalate a situation. Women are also socialized not to be aggressive and thus might be less likely to resort to force, at least until they run out of other options. They are also generally smaller and weaker than men and might be more reluctant to engage in a fight because of the increased likelihood of losing. On the other hand, women might be more apt to respond with force because they deal with male suspects who could be tempted to take advantage of a difference in size. A medium sized ‘bad guy’ might think twice about going after another man his size or bigger – but be more inclined to go after a smaller person. Women would be more likely to use force just to compensate – or overcompensate – to en- sure people don’t see them as wimpy or less of a ‘real’ police officer. Women who become police officers may not be representative of women in general so the stuff I said earlier might not apply. Perhaps women who don’t want to use force don’t be- come police officers. So what’s the answer? A couple of studies have looked at this and they all concluded that (may I have a drum roll please?) – there really is no difference. Whether you look at force as a firearm, baton, OC spray or just wrestling around on the ground, the rates of occurrence are pretty well the same. Interesting eh? The recent study I refer to was done with the Montgomery County, Mary- land Police Department (that was the police serv- ice that coordinated the efforts around the DC

Blue Line Magazine 59 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 A first venture into a controversial issue Kingston police racial profiling study yields surprising results by Ryan Siegmund

A Kingston Police Service (KPS) internal study on racial profiling garnered reactions from across the country and has led several other departments to consider conducting simi- lar studies. The ‘Bias-Free Policing’ study collected information about police contact with citizens in the city by having officers fill out contact cards each time they interacted with people in a non-casual manner. There had been a lot of controversy in the community a few years ago about police racial profiling, explains Carol Allison-Burra, chair of the KPS police board. In the most notable case, charges were laid under the police serv- ices act after officers pointed their firearms at the same individual on two separate occasions. Visible minorities complained of racial bias in town hall meetings held by police. Rather than dismissing their complaints, KPS decided to address the issue and hired University of Toronto criminology professor Scott Wortley to conduct a study. and ethnicity of every person whose back- city’s population, according to 2001 census While the service was already collecting ground was checked or whom police interro- data, but made up 2.2 per cent of all police data on skin colour, it wasn’t specifically iden- gated, warned, searched or charged. The pre- stops. Whites are 92.7 per cent of the popula- tifying what officers perceived to be a person’s liminary results, revealed in May, were a great tion and accounted for 92.6 per cent of all stops. ethnicity. Data collected from October 2003 surprise to the service. Asians, Hispanics, South and West Asians were through September 2004 examined the age, sex Blacks account for only 0.6 per cent of the less likely to be stopped than whites, whereas

Blue Line Magazine 60 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 61 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Aboriginal people were almost 1.4 times more through society – yes – I mean police are just a Accuracy in monitoring police stops likely than whites to be stopped. slice of society. As far as we are concerned, The community has, for the most part, con- What had visible minority groups most the number of stops that we’re involved in were gratulated the service for at least trying some- up in arms was that, according to the study, all for legitimate reasons.” thing and not ignoring the issue, says Napier, blacks were more than 3.5 times more likely In his report to the police services board, who notes that police services across the coun- than whites to be stopped by police. Blacks KPS Chief Bill Closs disclosed that there was try have very mixed feelings about the project. aged 15-24 were the most likely to be “little action regarding the monitoring of po- “They say ‘if the keeping of stats doesn’t stopped. The data suggests that racial differ- lice interactions with citizens with a view to really prove anything, then why would you do ences aren’t the reason for stops and that ra- exploring shortfalls in standard practices, or it?’ At the same time, it is showing a commit- cial minorities are no more likely to be identifying trends that might be counter-pro- ment to your community and we have always searched than whites. ductive to police-community relations.” been of the opinion that it’s an individual com- Wortley’s findings reveal significant officer Closs goes on to write that the “initiative munity thing. The Kingston Police Service is resistance initially to filling out the contact cards; most certainly had its flaws” and that the serv- not advocating that every police service do it... there were just 246 completed in October but ice invites constructive criticism by police and it was just something that we thought was the that increased to 1266 in September. While these academics to “improve a first venture into a right thing to do, given the time and circum- findings were part of the preliminary report, the controversial issue.” stance that we were in.” final version is not expected to reveal much The Kingston Police Association (KPA) Officers were informed about the intent of more, says KPS Deputy Chief Robert Napier, felt the city and its police service were ‘un- the study and why it was being done before it who adds “the big surprise is already out there.” fairly maligned in the national media,’ and have was completed. KPS has revamped its contact He wouldn’t disclose whether he thought it was been the target of more racial slurs. The KPA cards by removing the term ‘colour complex- a good idea to release the preliminary report, decided to bring in University of Ottawa crimi- ion’ and breaking it down into more catego- but says it’s unfortunate the media has narrowed nology professor Ronald Melcher for a second ries, such as Latino, South Asian, etc. in on the disparity between blacks and whites look at the data collected. Melcher says the “All we did was refine and add a few things like action taken... we were already doing the being stopped. report is flawed and doesn’t conclusively prove contact cards, the difference is that we normally “Basically what we were really interested that people were discriminated against based would put a contact card on somebody for in- in here was how the police use their power on on the colour of their skin. telligence purposes. You have to appreciate that the street with ‘everybody,’” says Napier. “We He identifies three main problems with this is all based on the officer’s perceptions – don’t have an issue with the fact that racial pro- Wortley’s conclusions: we don’t ask you where you are from, that’s filing or bias policing exists – because it prob- • The internal distribution of observations does intrusive. I can put (someone) down as a white ably does – our concern is that we have never not suggest differences in police intervention male but maybe (he’s) aboriginal.” said that our officers ever engaged in that and according to racially defined groups Everyone who is stopped is entitled to an this study doesn’t necessarily prove it one way • The number of people identified as black is explanation, says Napier. or another. too small to support any conclusions “If I stop someone at four o’clock in the “Can there be some unintentional or inten- • The use of census data for benchmarking is morning and they ask why they are being tional sub-conscience things that happen all misleading checked, I could say ‘we just had an armed robbery two blocks away and we are checking everybody.’ In all likelihood, that is all you need to tell people and if it isn’t the person, I move on... I don’t take that extra 30 seconds to ex- plain something because time is of the essence. There are a lot of things we try to do to catch the bad person that doesn’t necessarily provide a positive interaction with an otherwise inno- cent member of the community – so it’s a lot of those reminder things.” “Could there be inaccuracies in terms of honesty in where I stop a person who is obvi- ously an Asian and I put them down as white – yes that is possible. Do we have someone look- ing over the officer’s shoulder all the time – no, but what we did do was spot check to see who (they were checking) and how they were checking them.” Although there is a clear process of being able to track which officers are doing the pull- ing over, the purpose of the report wasn’t to find blame or to use the study for discipline, Napier says. While it may be useful from a manage- ment perspective, it may not be the type of thing that you would come out publicly with, he adds. “Let’s say one officer stops a car for going a little fast and interacts with four Asians – suddenly he becomes the person who has stopped the most Asians. You have to be care- ful with that kind of stuff and what you do with it as a management tool.” Napier says that keeping stats can typi- cally drive the racists underground. KPS will be looking into the ‘who was doing the pulling over’ however, because they would be foolish not to, he says.

Blue Line Magazine 62 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Conclusions “I think there needs to be a movement to- police agencies do in Ontario. I think it is fair Allison-Burra, who has sat on the police wards greater bias-free policing because the to say that any police officer in Ontario is sen- board for four years and chaired it for the last other part of it is police have a lot of discretion sitive to this issue about ethnicity and telling two, says it’s “tricky” determining whether or about who they stop and they have a lot of them about it some more isn’t the way to go. not there is an issue in Kingston that needs to power... human rights and law enforcement has What we have is a data set, with the contact be addressed. to be balanced out and I think it’s an effort to cards that no other police agency in Ontario Given the census numbers, she thinks the begin that examination of what is happening has, and we are going to use it to create discus- data collected indicates there are disparities in in policing.” sion amongst our officers as well. the number of people police perceive to be abo- Napier says one of the biggest positives to “It still comes back to the fact that this whole riginal or black. There are also questions around come out of the data collection project is that thing was about using police powers on the street whether it’s possible to accurately count the people are talking about it. Bringing an issue with everybody – and that is still going to be number of minorities in the area because of that has been “percolating in the background our focus in terms of our professionalism and fluctuations in the student population attend- of a community out into the public forum is a our interactions with the community.” ing Queens University, St. Lawrence College good thing,” notes Napier. More than 20 US states have passed leg- and the Royal Military College. “At this stage, we are not planning any kind islation prohibiting racial profiling and requir- “The disparities in the black members are of super-sensitivity training or diversity train- ing jurisdictions to collect data on law enforce- in terms of the overall contacts and if you look ing because that’s already a (fixture) of what ment stops and searches. at how many were made over the year, it’s not a huge number, however, in terms of the per- centage of the population, it is. Certainly the black community perceives they are targeted more than other people in our community,” Allison-Burra notes. The board has never accused or thought that officers were engaging in racist policing, she says, but was concerned that they could not definitely say they were not. She says there needs to be further examination to account for these disparities.

Alberta correctional workers get vests EDMONTON — For the first time in Canada, all front- line correctional workers in Alberta will soon be equipped with stab resistant protective vests. Correctional workers have long advocated for such vests, and the new policy will “afford frontline staff a greater level of personal safety and security while on the job,” Alberta Solicitor General Harvey Cenaiko says. “Homemade spiked weapons, often referred to as ‘shivs’, are one of the greatest dangers facing frontline correctional workers,” Cenaiko was quoted as saying. “Alberta is the first jurisdiction in Canada to take this significant step to ensure the health and safety of all frontline correctional staff.” The Department of Solicitor General and Public Security plans to have the province’s 1,100 correc- tional officers and correctional service workers wear- ing the vests by the fall of this year. The Alberta Union of Provincial Employees (AUPE) is pleased with the decision. “We are very glad that the government has listened to its employees and is putting into effect a policy that Correctional workers have long advocated,” AUPE President Dan MacLennan, was quoted as saying. In 2001, Alberta began making a limited number of protective vests available to frontline staff at remand centres. In 2002, the MLA Corrections review commit- tee recommended a limited number of protective vests be made available to staff at provincially run correc- tional facilities. The new stab resistant vests are lightweight and offer greater comfort and mobility in meeting the needs of Alberta’s frontline correctional staff. The cost of get- ting the vests to 1,100 workers will be approximately $650,000. In 2004, 185 homemade weapons were found in Alberta correctional facilities.

Blue Line Magazine 63 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 EDMONTON — A fatal motor vehicle colli- on multi-agency resources, including Fintrac, KITCHENER — A 34 year-old Kitchener sion on the main highway to combat the problem, but more is needed. man has been let off on child porn charges south of Edmonton has “Organized crime will always expend the because of an unlawful search. killed Constable Jose resources to ensure access to the most sophis- Justice Pat Flynn ruled that three Waterloo Agostinho, a nine-year ticated information technology to avoid detec- regional police officers didn’t warn Philip member of the RCMP and tion and so it is important for Fintrac to have Publuske about the possible consequences or injured another officer. the resources to keep pace with this element,” explain his legal rights to him when they got The collision involved concludes the report. his consent to search his home last July. While two police motor vehicles Establishing the Financial Transactions and Flynn said the officers “meant well,” he deter- from the Wetaskiwin De- Reports Analysis Centre, which follows large mined they seized evidence without a warrant. tachment, and a fifteen-ton money transactions through banks, brokerage Police had been watching Publuske, sus- delivery truck. Agostinho firms, real estate agents and casinos, cost about pecting he was viewing illegal images on his was responding to another traffic accident when $92 million. The CBSA, Canada Revenue computer because he had previous convictions his vehicle was struck from behind. Agency, RCMP and Justice and Finance de- for sexual assault and exploitation and posses- A witness to the scene says the truck forced partments also received money. sion of child pornography. Publuske was then the cruiser across the median of the QE2 and Fintrac hasn’t had new funding to update on probation, labelled a high-risk sex offender. across the southbound lanes into the ditch. technology since 2002, the audit found. Defence lawyer Craig Parry argued police The second officer, Constable Robin John Thompson, president of Toronto- were on a fishing expedition and violated Haney, was treated and released from hospi- based security think tank Mackenzie Institute, Publuske’s constitutional rights by not telling tal. Cst. Haney has nearly 25 years of service says Fintrac is hamstrung by privacy laws and him he could get a lawyer or refuse the search. and he is currently posted to Wetaskiwin Traf- poor funding. He hints it may take a direct ter- fic Services. The driver of the truck was taken rorist strike to force the government’s hand. TORONTO — The Toronto police services to hospital and later released. “In the whole security industry... they’re board is looking at establishing a tougher pen- Agostinho, 45 years of age, had been waiting for us to get hit because until we get hit, alty for ‘witness’ officers who don’t co-oper- posted to Wetaskiwin Detachment for the past they don’t believe Ottawa is actually going to ate with internal affairs investigators. 2 years where he performed General Duty po- have a realistic attitude about our security re- Toronto police constable Jaroslaw Cieslik licing. Cst. Agostinho is survived by his wife quirements,” Thompson was quoted as saying. has initiated this response by the board because and two teenage children. $10 million is needed for more sophisti- he refused to speak to investigators probing cated computer programs and technology, allegations of police corruption. OTTAWA — More money is needed to fight Thompson says Ottawa also needs to relax Police board chair Pam McConnell says organized criminals and terrorist groups in- stringent privacy laws that keep Fintrac from she’s asked chief Bill Blair to look into the case, volved in money-laundering, according to a giving police personal information gleaned saying the board views it “very seriously.” federal finance department internal audit. from suspects’ financial records. Cieslik, a former drug squad officer, will The report says the Canadian government come before a police tribunal this fall to an- has spent $174 million over the last five years *** swer a charge of insubordination for not co- operating with investigators. The investigation stems from allegations of corruption involving members of the Cen- tral Field Command drug squad. It was the sec- ond such investigation into the squad, which for years had been the centre of allegations that drug dealers were being ripped off by officers. If Cieslik remains silent, his fellow drug squad officers on trial will rely heavily on the testimony of alleged drug dealer Christopher Quigley, who alleges officers beat him and stole $32,000. Cieslik was deemed a ‘witness’ of- ficer after a RCMP led investigation resulted in 40 charges. Under the police services act any officer who, “without lawful excuse, disobeys, omits or ne- glects to carry out any lawful order,” is guilty of insubordination that can lead to dismissal. In June 2003, RCMP officers looking into allegations of corruption, informed Cieslik he was a witness officer and would be asked to tell what he knew about Quigley’s arrest in 1998. Cieslik, accompanied by his lawyer, re- fused to answer any questions when he met with investigators in September, 2003. Cieslik was charged with insubordination. In June 2005, his lawyer gave notice he will file an abuse of process motion that will likely be heard in October. Police say it will set a dangerous precedent if he wins and fuel speculation that there’s a two-tiered justice sys- tem: one for the public and one for police. A preliminary hearing is set for January in the case against Cieslik’s co-worker, S/Sgt. John Schertzer, and Constables Richard Benoit, Steve Correia, Joseph Miched, Ray Pollard and Ned Maodus.

Blue Line Magazine 64 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 What to do after using force by Joel Johnston Confident of your ability to handle your- self after a critical force incident? Consider the following scenario: You are a lone officer dispatched to deal with a young, violent male suspect who has threatened others. You talk to him and advise him he’s under arrest. He violently attacks you and manages to snatch your gun from its hol- ster. The fight for your life, and for the lives of everyone around you, is on. You immediately engage the assailant, even though he is bigger and stronger than you and somehow manage to regain control of your gun. The suspect continues to attack, so you fire – twice. The suspect falls and ends up dead. You can’t believe what happened – the whole thing was over in less than ten seconds. You were never trained for this scenario; in fact, your trainers told you your equipment would pre- vent such an incident from ever occurring. You call for an ambulance. Soon you are ushered into an interview room and ordered to provide a statement. Still in a state of shock and disbelief and suffering from post critical incident and survival stress effects, you try to reconstruct what happened as uninvolved, unaffected investigators ask you rarely a viable option due to reaction time, questions. They alternately apply a combina- ing the variety of force response options they proximity to the threat, duty to act, etc. If po- tion of psychological tactics and pressure, logic are equipped with – it’s almost as though there lice do respond with physical force, they don’t and common sense to an uncommon occur- is an expectation that, from time to time, offic- try to escape but remain on scene to provide or rence, as they’ve been trained to do. You can’t ers may have to use them. Disengagement is explain what happened so your mind begins to fill in the blanks. You are charged with manslaughter because of what you said, yet you know that what you did was the only way to survive. You are subse- quently tried and convicted, lose your job and are sent to jail. You still know in your heart that you did the right thing; the alternative would have been to die and have everyone in that en- vironment compromised in the same fashion. Things like this have happened to good police officers in tense, uncertain, rapidly evolving, chaotic, life-threatening situations where they won the short battle for survival but lost the five to ten-year legal war. Other police officers lost the battle for survival and were heralded as heroes, with full police hon- our-guard funerals and civic ceremonies. The truth is, neither is more heroic than the other. Heroes win and survive and heroes lose and die. We need to revisit how we handle surviv- ing heroes. It’s important to distinguish between po- lice-involved and citizen-involved shootings, stabbings or assaults. Police officers are sworn to uphold the law and are regularly asked to deal with difficult situations – they have a duty to act. They must instantly assess the behav- iour of the person(s) they are dealing with; if they are cooperative, or resistive but pose no physical threat to anyone else, that means talk- ing to them and trying to convince them to vol- untarily comply. If a person’s behaviour is threatening how- ever, police have no option but to respond us-

Blue Line Magazine 65 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 call for medical aid, leave their name and com- psychologically or emotionally capable of pro- tortions in law enforcement deadly force en- plete follow-up reports. viding the most accurate and complete details. counters. She found that 52 per cent of offic- It’s inappropriate to compare police-in- According to research and recommenda- ers experienced partial memory loss of the volved deadly force encounters with civilian tions from medical experts, an involved officer event, 46 per cent weren’t able to remember crimes of violence. They are simply not the should provide only a cursory preliminary re- some of their own actions and 21 per cent had same. Generally, police involved incidents lack port after a deadly force encounter – that is, ‘I memory distortions in what they saw, heard, criminal intent, do not manifest themselves in was on duty, attended a call and “X” was the or experienced during the event. the same manner as criminal events, the after- outcome’ – period. In fact, all of this informa- “Contaminating their performance and math is handled differently and there are no ef- tion would be obtainable from other sources memory are the intrusive, distracting thoughts forts to escape accountability. Officers should (duty rosters, dispatch information, hospital that 26 per cent of the officers had in the midst not be treated like criminal suspects during the records, etc.). of a deadly force encounter,” wrote Artwohl. investigation process. Certainly a thorough in- Officer-involved shooting/use of force in- “Even in the midst of doing what they needed vestigation must occur – but the goal must be vestigators do their job as they have been to do to survive, officers found they were dis- to obtain the most complete, accurate informa- trained and most don’t know how survival tracted. In itself, this is not unusual and is the tion about the encounter as possible. stress, which frequently occurs after a critical equivalent of ‘seeing your life flash before your Research has shown that a statement pro- incident, can affect memory accuracy. The no- eyes.’ I have found three types of memory prob- vided by an involved officer immediately af- tion of compelled or coerced statements should lems to occur in lethal force encounters. ter a deadly force encounter will be fraught not even be a consideration at this juncture of “The final memory problem exemplifies with inaccuracies that will forevermore com- an investigation. The concept of obtaining a another interesting aspect of lethal force en- promise the integrity of any investigation and ‘pure statement’ – one that hasn’t been con- counters. The only way law enforcement of- the legal survival of the officer. It is a scien- taminated by conversation with others – sim- ficers can face this kind of threat is if they be- tific fact that the officer will not be able to ply is not accurate under such circumstances lieve they can control or manage the threat at provide the most complete and accurate state- and cannot be obtained from an involved of- some level. They need to have the power to ment possible until some 72 hours later, af- ficer post-critical incident. control the unknown. For an officer who can- ter two full sleep periods. An immediate statement will be affected not remember what happened, that control is Citizens are afforded the right to retain and by probable psychological trauma, critical in- not possible. For some of those officers, un- instruct counsel without delay, and these are cident amnesia, memory distortion and an of- consciously, it is better to create a fictional fact often people who have purposefully commit- ficer’s desire to say what they think makes about what might have happened than to live ted a violent crime, attempted to escape de- sense – in essence, to fill in the blanks where with the unknown.” tection and either had time to conjure up a story necessary. The statement may be immediate but Artwohl’s research has been validated by about ‘what happened’ or simply and directly will be anything but pure. numerous other related anecdotal and formal deny any involvement. Dr. Alexis Artwohl, a renowned clinical research studies, including work by police psy- Police have the right – the duty really – and police psychologist and author of Surviv- chologists Dr. Roger Solomon and Dr. Kevin not to speak or write in detail about an inci- ing deadly force encounters, conducted re- Gilmartin. A 1998 LASD research study by Dr. dent at a time when they are not physically, search in 2002 on perceptual and memory dis- Honig and Dr. Roland found that 90 per cent

Blue Line Magazine 66 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 67 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 of involved officers experience percep- • A supplemental report should not be tual distortion, for example. provided until after the first sleep pe- Artwohl offers specialized re- riod (a person’s ability to remem- search-based training for OIS inves- ber will increase by 50 to 90 per cent tigators, including: during this time) • The psychology of combat and the • A final report should not be provided dynamics of violent encounters until after the second sleep period (a • The psychological impact of use of person will not be able to completely force incidents on the community, remember until then) the agency and individual officers • An involved officer should be iso- and how to minimize negative re- lated as much as possible during sponses to these events this period to prevent memory con- • Research on factors that impact tamination witness recall and statements after We owe it to our community, the critical incidents subject and officer and their families • A review of detailed recommenda- to obtain the most complete, accurate tions for supervisors, managers and in- account of what happened during a vestigators on how to handle participants deadly force encounter. This cannot be and witnesses on-scene and afterward. rushed. Officers need to protect themselves, • Enhancing the ability to develop individual- officer-involved use of force incidents. Protect- while some agencies need to learn processes ized investigative procedures to handle wit- ing the community is at the core of the police that will enhance their deadly force investiga- nesses and take statements mandate and that calls for a proper and thor- tions. This will best protect the community, • How to protect yourself/staff from the psy- ough examination of what occurred in any provide the truth to grieving families and en- chological damage of investigating trau- given deadly force encounter. A fair and ob- sure that involved officers have the opportu- matic events jective process for the involved officer will al- nity to provide as complete and accurate de- She has reviewed research from the areas low him or her to provide the most accurate tails as possible after being involved in a deadly of psychology, sociology, law enforcement, statement possible. force encounter. investigations and her own experience talking The research and known effects of criti- with critical incident victims and hundreds of cal incident amnesia and memory distortion For more information, visit www.ppct.com (PPCT Manage- officers involved in shootings. She has also has led to the following recommendations for ment Systems), www.killology.com (Killology Research Group), www.dtidefensivetactics.com (DTITM Defensive spoken with investigators, attorneys, union of- officers who have been involved in a deadly Tactics) and www.alexisartwohl.com (Survival Triangle ficials and command staff. force encounter: Training). Joel Johnston is a 20 year veteran police of- This type of information is critical for OIS • Any initial report should be verbal only and ficer, with 15 years full time experience in use of force and investigators if they truly want to accurately, labelled as preliminary; it should relate only emergency response. He is a frequent contributor to Blue Line and can be reached at [email protected] fairly and thoroughly investigate high-level cursory facts of public record

Blue Line Magazine 68 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Police dog attacks officer A foot pursuit by an Alberta RCMP officer there was constant radio contact between the After going under the knife to reattach his took an ugly turn for the worst when a Medicine members, and there were other people around. torn calf, doctors told Barrette that he may have Hat police dog attacked him, tearing out part of It wasn’t an isolated area. All the members were to undergo skin grafting procedures. his calf muscle before it could be restrained. monitoring the radio.” The two suspects in the foot pursuit were It began with a high speed pursuit that Police dogs are not trained to recognize the eventually arrested — one after yet another car started in Medicine Hat and ended temporar- difference between a police officer and other chase. One suspect stole a vehicle at knife point ily on a highway when the stolen vehicle from people, says Cpl. Wayne Oakes, spokesman for before eventually hitting an RCMP spike belt Ontario, went off the road and caught fire — the RCMP in Alberta. and losing control of the vehicle. prompting two individuals to flee on foot. “An incident like this doesn’t happen of- Cst. Joel Barrette of the Redcliff RCMP ten, but if you’re in the wrong place at the detachment was chasing the suspected car wrong time, one could have an interaction with thieves when Cst. Darcy Brandt of the Medi- a police dog,” Oakes said. “This does not re- cine Hat city police then arrived on the scene flect badly on the Medicine Hat Police Serv- with his dog. When the dog was released from ice, the Medicine Hat Police Service handler the dog handler’s vehicle, Barrette said the dog or the Medicine Hat Police Service dog.” immediately ran toward him. Barrette said he retreated to his car only to find the passenger door locked. Barrette said Brandt then told him not to move, but the dog attacked and started biting his left calf. “I was yelling my head off,” said Barrette. “I didn’t think of using my Taser.” Barrette said the dog was not responding to the handler’s commands to let go, prompting Brandt to at- tempt to choke the dog and pry its mouth open. When the dog was finally brought under control, Barrette said Brandt turned to him and said, “You should have stayed in your car.” Barrette, who said he was left on the ground bleeding after the dog attack, called himself an ambulance while lying beside his patrol car. Two people from a passing car stopped to help bandage the officer’s leg be- fore the ambulance arrived. “It shouldn’t have happened that way,” Barrette said. “If the dog had been leashed, there wouldn’t have been a problem. “He (the dog handler) did not help me.” Medicine Hat Police Chief Norm Boucher said he was told by Brandt that when he came on the scene, Barrette was in his patrol car and was told to remain there because the dog was going to be let loose. Boucher didn’t see any- thing wrong with Brandt leaving Barrette after he was bitten. “He (Brandt) has a unique job to do. No one has the tool he has (a dog), and I know he knew officers were coming from behind. Also,

Blue Line Magazine 69 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Training youth to save lives by Elvin Klassen Improving commu- nity safety, which can be as simple as calling 911 to sum- mon help, is often left to someone else – but in many cases, there is no one else, Surrey RCMP Cst. Marc Searle re- minded local youth Pamela Cameron killed helping to clean up in Surrey in 1994 a memorial garden. “The answer I got,” says Searle, “(was that) youth would help if they knew what to do, and all too of- ten they assumed that it was up to adults.” The young people were cleaning up the South Surrey ‘Forever Garden,’ dedicated to fallen youth such as Pamela Cameron, who was brutally beaten and killed in 1994. The garden had been vandalized and few knew of its significance so Searle recruited local youth to help repair it and ensure it would never be neglected again. The circumstances of Cameron’s death were retold during the renovation, igniting a desire to do more to prevent such tragedies and Forever Garden in memory of Pamela Cameron Cpl. M. Searle and Sgt. Bob Usui save lives. Cameron, 16, was sexually assaulted and murdered by Mitchell Owen in broad day- Cameron steal a cell phone from a local busi- Police soon identified Owen, a recent pa- light. The crime took place in a wooded area ness, break into a home of an elderly couple, rolee, as a suspect and, in one of the first Ca- just off South Surrey’s main arterial street. throw Cameron to the ground and pull her off nadian cases, used DNA evidence to confirm Earlier in the day, several witnesses saw the sidewalk into the lot, but did not call police. their suspicions.

Blue Line Magazine 70 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 A proud father of three and 12-year Surrey RCMP, municipal and CP/CN Police, Canadian the partnership of students, the community and resident, Searle began volunteering when he Forces, Canadian Fisheries, BC Ambulance and law enforcement agencies,” says Vancouver was 12. Presented with the BC Community Canada Border Service Agency. high school principal Chris Atkinson. “No one Achievement Award for community service last Three key messages are presented: takes a first aid course to help themselves. It is year, he has served with Surrey RCMP for five • Get involved in positive community activities all about helping others.” years and was recently promoted to media re- • Report incidents in the community to the Searle is excited about the future of youth lations officer. appropriate agency and the possibilities of the program. He hopes to Rather than lecture to youth on safety or • Learn lifesaving skills today that could make make the program national this year. “By build- hold candlelight vigils, he decided, with the all the difference in someone’s life tomorrow ing on the success of a local community initia- support of the Cameron family, to encourage “The greatest gift you can give youth is tive,” says Searle, “we have the potential to cre- youth to become involved in community safety. your time and attention,” says Searle. ate a generation of lifesavers across Canada.” The first step was to train 1,000 young people The course provides participants with the in first aid, at no charge, giving them the po- knowledge and skills necessary to: Visit www.Lifesaver1000.com for more information on the tential to save lives. St. John Ambulance’s • Recognize when first aid is needed Lifesaver program, or contact Marc Searle at Lifesaver course was chosen, as it could be • Give first aid at an emergency scene [email protected] or 604 599-7776. taught in less than four hours and was targeted • Recognize when more qualified help or medi- Elvin Klassen is Blue Line Magazine’s West coast corre- at youth in grade 8 or 9. cal assistance is required spondent and can be reached at [email protected] CIBC Wood Gundy’s Children’s Miracle “Lifesaver 1000 is a great opportunity for Fund agreed to sponsor the program, which trained as many as 400 students a day to mini- mize the impact on a school. Those taking part receive a certificate of participation at a gradu- ation ceremony, which also gives program in- structors and assisting emergency personnel a chance to thank staff and students. Searle is quick to credit community part- ners. “Without the support of the schools, this program would never have been launched,” he notes, and “the participation of the jurisdic- tional police has (also) been essential.” Lifesaver 1000 was begun in the spring of 2004 and achieved its goal of 1,000 graduates after only 14 training days. The next goal was to expand the initiative across the Lower Main- land and graduate 5,000 students, which was achieved in June. Jenna Lanot presented the 5,000th graduate with his certificate at the Van- couver school where her son, Mao Jomar Lanot, 17, was beaten to death in 2003. Surrey, Langley, Ridge Meadows and White Rock RCMP and the Vancouver and Port Moody police departments have sponsored training sessions in their communities. The events give students a chance to interact with officers from many agencies, including the Vancouver Police post policy manual on web

VANCOUVER (CP) — The Vancouver Police Department has posted its regulations and procedures manual on the web site, a move civil libertarians are applauding as an “important step toward greater transparency and ac- countability.” The 605-page policy manual, which outlines a wide range of procedures for officers from how to address de- tainees to how much of police activity can be revealed to the public, has certain sections blocked out under B.C.’s Freedom of Information and Protection of Pri- vacy Act. The B.C. Civil Liberties Association said the post- ing eliminates the need for making time consuming requests under the act. “We have been encouraging the VPD to post the policy manual to their web site for some time and in the end we are very pleased they did the right thing,” association president Jason Gratl said in a news re- lease. The group is encouraging other police depart- ments to do the same. The manual can be found at http:// vancouver.ca/ police/RPM/index.htm

Blue Line Magazine 71 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 TORONTO — A study conducted by Queen’s videotapes in which young children testified eral government and will cost $8 million. It has University found that judges managed to tell in mock courtroom settings. The respondents recruited 21 people to date but are mandated to truth from falsehood only 56 per cent of the included 39 judges, 42 law students, 39 child have 158 hard-core heroin-users by November. time in a test involving videotape accounts protection workers and 27 other justice sys- The problem stems from a combination of from children. tem professionals. stringent entry requirements and misinforma- The authors of the study say the results “In effect, the participants are relying on tion about the program circulating in the Down- put them “only slightly above chance lev- the demeanour of the witnesses when assess- town Eastside, says Boothroyd. els” when it comes to detecting the honesty ing honesty, and this study confirms that this “People thought we were fully enrolled in of child witnesses. is a highly unreliable guide to honesty,” the the first week. One doctor thought we were Police and social workers who also took authors concluded. giving away free cocaine and other people the same test fared no better, however, they did Judges lack knowledge of a witness’s or- thought we were taking methadone users, edge out law students, who were able to dis- dinary behaviour and speech patterns, the au- which we aren’t,” he said. tinguish truth from falsehood 44 per cent of thors say, adding the conventional belief that The stringent entry requirements include; the time. averting one’s gaze or fidgeting indicates ly- being 25 years of age or older, a hard-core “This certainly suggests that all profession- ing is false. The authors say the only reliable user of five years, used everyday for the past als - including judges - need to have more edu- signs of lying is a reduction in eye-blinking or year, not be on probation or facing criminal cation about child development and about how fleeting facial expressions, noting these nu- charges, live within a kilometre of the children communicate,” Queen’s University ances are hard for any judge to discern in court. project’s Downtown Eastside location and law Prof. Nicolas Bala, and one of the research- must consent to making all their medical his- ers, was quoted as saying. *** tory available to researchers. In a separate study, 38 judges were asked VANCOUVER — A Vancouver drug-treatment The program, which gives participants ei- to assess their own perceptions of the credibil- program that offers addicts a year’s worth of ther heroin or methadone several times a day, ity of child witnesses. It was revealed that they free heroin is struggling to recruit participants. seven days a week, for a year is considered a perceive children as being more honest than “We had a slower start to the study than “harm reduction” method of dealing with ad- adults - a reverse of conventional belief within we had expected,” Jim Boothroyd of the diction. Its goal is to determine if giving addicts the justice system. North American Opiate Medication Initiative free heroin helps them give up their addiction. “Our whole justice system is built around (NAOMI), was quoted as saying. “We Boothroyd said recruiters are no longer the notion that children are least honest, thought that our telephone lines would be solely relying on phones to find participants whereas judges say they are actually more hon- rung off (the hook).” and are doing outreach work instead. est,” says Bala. The NAOMI project, which includes sites There are an estimated 4,000 hard-core In the first study, subjects were shown in Montreal and Toronto, is funded by the fed- addicts in the Downtown Eastside.

Blue Line Magazine 72 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 73 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 More investigative help from DNA by Tom Rataj performed through the use of mail and Internet DNAWitness 2.0 detects a suspect’s genetic ordered test kits that cost around $200 US and heritage, providing the percentage of genetic The collection, analysis and codification guarantee an accuracy rate of 99.999 per cent. make-up from four major groups – Indo-Euro- of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has become DNA testing has attracted a pean, East Asian, Sub-Saharan a routine procedure. DNA is a genetic material great deal of media attention over African and Aboriginal. It does present in virtually every cell in plants and ani- the past few years, particularly this by studying 176 single nucle- mals. It governs the inheritance of features such when it has been used to exoner- otide polymorphisms (SNP’s), as hair and eye colour, physical stature and ate individuals convicted and jailed which are the markers that meas- appearance and most other traits common in for crimes they apparently didn’t ure the differences between differ- humans and animals. commit. While it has proven to be ent genetic groups. These are also Its physical structure in a cell is usually a useful tool for connecting known called ancestry information mark- referred to as a strand consisting of four basic and suspected individuals to crime ers (AIM). Samples from an indi- chemical ‘building’ blocks or bases, commonly scenes, it has, until now, never been vidual are compared against a ref- referred to by the first letter of their chemical used to give investigators a solid erence database to determine the names: A, T, G and C. The structure of strands clue as to who to look for. genetic ancestry. is the same in every person or animal, although Since a crime scene sample the order of the base pairs is different. The dif- containing DNA is only useful if it Cases ference is so vast that it’s virtually impossible can be matched to a suspect or person of inter- To prove the reliability of the product to for two persons or animals to have identical est, its value is somewhat diminished when law enforcement agencies, manufacturer base pairs. It is this difference that makes DNA there’s no one to match it with. When the list DNAPrint Genomics conducted a series of such a powerful tool in a variety of fields. of persons of interest or suspects is lengthy, a blind tests for two US police departments. A DNA analysis and comparison is the most great deal of time and many resources may be west coast department submitted 16 samples significant advance in law enforcement since required securing discard samples to make any from employees and an east coast department the discovery and use of fingerprints over 100 connections. submitted 20 samples. In both tests, the prod- years ago. DNA has also become a powerful uct correctly predicted the genetic heritage of medical research tool and an irrefutable test of Heritage all the individuals who gave samples. maternity and paternity. A relatively new product addresses this In a real-world case, the product was used The price of testing has plummeted and the investigative shortfall by offering a test that will in the investigation of a Louisiana serial killer speed with which tests can be done has dropped provide investigators with reliable information and determined that the suspect was 85 per cent to several days from several weeks or months. regarding the genetic heritage of a person based Sub-Saharan African and 15% Native Ameri- Maternity and paternity tests can already be on their DNA sample alone. can. The FBI and Baton Rouge Police Depart- ment had been hunting for a Caucasian sus- pect, based largely on a FBI psychological pro- file. Based on the results, Derrick Todd Lee was added to the list of suspects and eventu- ally arrested and charged with the murders. This product holds great potential for help- ing shorten investigations by pointing investi- gators in the right direction. The RCMP, Scot- land Yard and US medical examiners, district attorneys and police agencies have already be- gun using it. The test also offers other investigative ben- efits – in cases where individuals claim to be wrongfully convicted, it could help categorize samples from individuals to establish whether further DNA testing needs to be done. For ex- ample, if the crime scene DNA sample were categorized as having come from an East Asian person and the incarcerated person is Indo- European, then the samples could be tested sooner to clear the Indo-European person.

The future Work has already begun on version 3.0, which will add eye colour to the information that the test can predict. Retinome, if current research and development is successful, will be the first test that can accurately determine eye colour and shade from a DNA sample. As with the existing product, it uses complex math- ematical formulas and works with SNP’s to calculate the results. Also in the works for version 3.0 are tests for other inherited traits.

Tom Rataj is Blue Line Magazine’s technology editor and he can be reached at [email protected]

Blue Line Magazine 74 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 U.S. study concludes stun technology is relatively safe Arlington, VA — A Potomac Institute for • Overall, currently available information sup- device relative to its efficacy and considers Policy Studies report concludes that stun tech- ports the view that, when used appropriately, no product to be completely free of risk. nology is relatively safe and clearly effective. stun technology is relatively safe. However, • Odds for stunning to contribute to (this does The institute cautions though that increased the institute strongly recommends that addi- not imply “cause”) death are, at worst, one medical testing should continue and federal tional research be conducted at the organ- in a thousand. The ratio of lives saved to lives guidelines for manufacturers and end users ism, organ, tissue and cell levels. The spe- lost exceeds 70:1. By comparison, the simi- should be instituted. cific effects of varying electrical wave forms lar ratio for air bags in automobiles is ap- A conference at Potomac in February on organic matter in the immediate time proximately 50:1. analyzed current issues related to stun devices frame of stun application and in the down- • Stun employment was not implicated singu- and brought together medical, industry, policy, stream time course needs to be better under- larly as the cause of death in any of the 72 military and law enforcement experts. The in- stood, as do possible psychiatric and other mortality cases appearing in the Amnesty In- dependent study is based on information gath- non-lethal effects. ternational 2004 report on stun device use, ered from the conference and additional sources. • The institute adopted the FDA philosophy, although its application could not be ruled Among the report findings: which considers the risks associated with a out as a possible contributing factor. These cases showed that other contributing factors, including pre-existing morbidity (such as B.C. releases report on Taser technology heart disease), excessive drug ingestion and by Scott Sutherland The human rights group says the guns can be deadly multiple force applications (baton, wrestling, when someone is in a weakened state because of heart stunning) could have also led to the deaths. A report in British Columbia says the full force of problems or drug use. • Available animal modeling conducted by a Tasers should only be considered for use by police on Recommendations contained in the final B.C. report government laboratory offers indirect evi- suspects who are aggressively attacking or trying to as- say Tasers should not be used against suspects who are dence of the relative safety of currently avail- giving only passive resistance, and should be used in sault an officer. able stun devices. The final report done for B.C.’s police complaints what is called the “push-stun” mode for suspects show- commissioner on Taser technology and released on Tues- ing active resistance without attacking. • There are no industry standards, regulatory day also recommended the appointment of a provincial But if a suspect is attacking or trying to assault an agencies, or federal restrictions or guidelines coordinator on the use of force to evaluate new and ex- officer, then the officer should consider probe deployment. for stun devices. The institute recommends isting technologies available to police. B.C. Solicitor General Rich Coleman was generally establishing government-endorsed standards But even after the 10-month investigation, com- satisfied with the report. “I think it was time after having the Taser in the field that will contribute significantly to better un- missioner Dirk Ryneveld said there is still no proof that derstanding of this technology domain. Tasers kill. that it was well worth having the review,” he said. “Now “There is still no direct connection yet been shown we have the report, we’ll let police services do their analy- • Although some law enforcement organiza- between the application of a conducted energy device sis with the (police) chiefs and make some recommen- tions offer exemplary use of force rules, there and death,” he said. “It has been discovered (however) dations on reporting (Taser use) and upgrade training.” is no agreed upon point for placement of stun that there are some problems with repeated use.” The report rejected a blanket prohibition on the use of Tasers. devices on a use of force continuum. The study follows an interim report and recommen- • There is no universally accepted terminol- dations made last September. “The reasonableness of any use of force will always The review and the writing of the report was done be determined by the situational factors,” the report says. ogy or definition for non-lethal weapons by a number of Victoria police officers and overseen by “Our responsibility as a police community is to give offic- within the stun device industry or among us- Chief Paul Battershill. ers the information to make the best possible decision.” ers of the technology. The institute suggests The investigation into Taser technology was ordered A key member of the team that wrote the B.C. re- adopting the US Department of Defense defi- port said no restraint technique is completely without risk, by the police complaints commissioner after four deaths nition for non-lethal technology, which fo- in B.C. after the device was used. but Insp. Bill Naughton said when used appropriately, the It followed revelations that the family of a man who Taser can be an effective option. cuses on the intent of the technology and not died in the custody of the Vancouver police were not in- “The Star Trek phaser set on stun is not yet a tech- the outcome of using the device. formed the weapon had been used against him. nological possibility,” he said. Finding that tool is what he • Direct evidence of safety can be drawn from A separate investigation into the June 2004 death called the “Holy Grail” in police use of force. “But in the law enforcement agency reports, which pro- of Robert Bagnell is expected to be wrapped up before interim, we’re trying to do the best that we can with the available tools and I think the report tries to strike a bal- vide statistics on situational use and employ- the end of the month. ment results. The Bagnell family lawyer said the report is flawed ance between the risks and the benefits for the officer and “parrots” the manufacturer’s claims about the weapon. and the subject.” • Indirect evidence of efficacy of stun devices “Canadian police forces should be obliged to stop can be determined from the increased acqui- using Tasers until truly independent and objective stud- sition of stun devices by law enforcement ies have been done on their safety implications,” agencies. Some other organizations have ac- Cameron Ward said in a statement. tively voiced support for stun device use as a At least six people have died in Canada after being shocked by Tasers. non-lethal force option. Amnesty International has said the weapon should The full report can be downloaded at be banned until more tests are done to determine its safety. www.potomacinstitute.org (click on report link).

Blue Line Magazine 75 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Digital video recorder Briefcase repeater Next generation C8A2

Colt Canada introduces the next generation Electronic Services Agency now offers a com- Daniels Electronics introduces rapdily C8A2 featuring free floating barrel for en- plete digital video package that is portable for deployable briefcase repeaters providing in- hanced accuracy, solid quad-rail system with vehicle fieldwork with capabilities for multi- stant communications anywhere, anytime. continuous top rail. Greater control is provided ple cameras and is also compatible and Able to be set up in minutes to proivde solu- by the ambidextrous charging handle, fire con- downloadable from field to Wireless Local tions to any analog, digital or encrypted se- trols and magazine release, folding front and Area Networks. cure communications. rear iron sights and removable bayonet lug.

Wireless meshing Lightweight, powerful Hand sanitizer network megaphone

TOA Canada releases the new ER Series, a line of lightweight and powerful megaphones. Com- Motorola introduces Mesh Enabled Architec- prised of fourteen new models, both hand-held Orange aPeel intorduces their premium sani- ture solution, a flexible and scalable wireless and shoulder-type and with sound coverage of tizing handgel which contains a unique skin network that can maximize performance and up to 1/2 mile, these megaphones feature ex- conditioning system that features five botani- bandwidth efficiency for wireless applica- tended battery life and are available in a variety cal extracts including Aloe Vera, rosemary, tions. This self-forming, self-healing and self- of colours. All units come with a five year war- chamomile, nettles and sage. It won’t dry your balancing routing allows wireless devices to ranty and include an anti-bacterial treatment hands and leaves no greasy residue. It has a become the network. which eliminates germs within 24 hours. subtle scent with no medicinal smell.

Blue Line Magazine 76 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 77 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 A tale of old Fords and fishing dories by John McKay come here to live like a Canadian and that in- volves living through the cold of winter and I observed the London train bombings with the heat of summer. It means helping your the same profound sense of sadness I had when neighbour and making some sacrifices of com- watching the twin towers fall or hearing about fort and accepting a little hardship for the com- the train bombings in Madrid. I feel compas- mon good. It means accepting the laws of this sion for the victims of these events, but my real land, not trying to change it with some manipu- and profound sense of sadness is reserved for lative rhetoric to get your own way. If any of myself and my countrymen. this is too much to take, then don’t accept mem- I have a deep foreboding that one day the bership in this society. cancer that spawned these events will be vis- Canada is no stranger to terrorism. We re- ited upon us. What then, what then? We have fish me out if I’m drowning; and speaking of member bombs exploding in mail boxes in left ourselves open, cowed by special interest fishing, the coast guard is hamstrung by gov- Quebec. We know about kidnapped politicians groups; circled by the multicultural bandwag- ernment regulation. It doesn’t matter if it’s fish- and murdered foreign diplomats. Sooner or ons. We’ve seen our rights eroded; Canadians, ing inside our limits or finding a boatload of later, it’ll happen here once again. Then what? once all equal under the law, now splintered so terrorists, they have to call for help or go back The United States is a military power, Great that some are more equal than others. to port to pick up a cop because they don’t have Britain is a military power, Canada was once a People get the government they deserve; the power to do anything. This same ‘run-away- military power - but what little we have is al- we don’t elect leaders anymore - we elect man- scared’ philosophy is shared by the warden ready committed and there ain’t no more. What agers, adept at reading the polls and spewing service and Canadian Border Services Agency. are we going to do? Go after them with old out the drivel they think will get them re- It’s a farce that would be laughable if the stakes Fords and fishing dories because this will be elected. The public has lost faith in the justice weren’t so high. One day this comedy will be- about all we will have left very soon. The sad system, watching organized criminals flourish come a tragedy. fact is that this will have happened on our while these self-serving spin artists pay lip serv- Terrorists are targeting mass transit but our watch; we stood by, each and every one of us. ice to justice and the law. transit cops, with the exception of BC’s Greater We were the silent witnesses to our demise. We’ve seen violence perpetrated in large Vancouver Transportation Authority Police Our flame has gone out. Our will to protect cities by illegal immigrants; deported many Service, are unarmed. What’s the rest to do, our citizenry has been reduced to speeches and times they, like the proverbial bad penny, keep yell ‘stop or I’ll yell stop again?’ People need political posturing; and that, dear reader, is why turning up, again and again, leaving a trail of to be educated to the fact that guns don’t kill I have a deep, profound sense of sadness. crime in their wake. We don’t have an armed people any more than cars kill people - crimi- presence at our border crossings, nor even a nals kill people. John McKay is the managing editor of STRIDE Magazine, a subsidiary publication of Blue Line Magazine Inc. John border patrol. We don’t even have an armed No one has the courage any more to stand may be reached by eMail to [email protected]. and ready coast guard. The best they can do is up and say Canada is about uniculturalism. You

911 Supply 26 Infrared Technologies Canada 66 Seals Action Gear 52 Alasdair Cook & Associates 56 Integral Designs 34 Second Chance Body Armor 19 Artcal Graphics 5 International Police Association 76 Securesearch 34 Athabasca University 67 John E Reid 62 Seneca College 65 Atlantic Police & Security 14 LETS 20 Sierra Systems 45 Best Glove 60 Leupold 2 Sigarms 57 Blue Line Reading Library 79 Martin & Levesque 37 Stantec Architects 53 Blue Max Lighting 72 MD Charlton 4 Teijin Twaron 80 BMW 53 Medicine Hat Police 66 Telus Mobility 25 Canada Law Book 18 Medtronic of Canada 59 Toronto Police Gift Shop 75 Carruthers Shaw Architects 54 Mega Tech 55 Toronto Police Sex Crimes Unit 21 CPKN 31 Motorola 29 Triform 30 CVDS 42 Northwestern University 33 Triosyn Corp 61 Dalhousie University 22 On Duty Equipment 71 Underwater Kinetics 21 davTech Analytical 50 Opus 51 University of Cambridge 68 Drive Wise 39 Pacific Safety Products 73 Vancouver Police 51 DuPont Inc 17 Panasonic 27 Viastat Online 36 Federal Signal 63 Pelican Products 77 Visa Canada 49 First Choice Armor 23 Pride in Service 18, 58 Wolverine Supplies 44 Police 70 priMed: QuikClot 38 Worldwide Law Enforcement 74 GM Fleet 40, 41 Rebanks Architects 56 Xanalys 6, 7 Gordon Contract 46 R. Nicholls Distributors 35 xwave 48 Heckler & Koch Defense 68 Road Safety Network 36 Zodiac Hurricane Technologies 64 Henry’s 75 Royal Cayman Islands 47 Zoll Canada 43

Blue Line Magazine 78 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 79 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005 Blue Line Magazine 80 AUGUST / SEPTEMBER 2005