and Publishing: The New Frontier in Science?

Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC HESI Global Annual Meeting Alexandria, VA June 12, 2013

Our Mission:

Expand the distribution of the results of research and scholarship in a way that leverages digital networked technology, reduces financial pressures on libraries, and creates a more open system of scholarly communication.

What’s Happening In Scientific Communication and What Does it Mean for You? 1. New technology. The Internet. New Venues to Share Work. 2. Digital Deluge. A New Era in Medicine: Explosion in Scientific Discovery

20072008 20062005secondfirstfourththird quarter quarter Secondquarter quarter quarter 2008

Manolio, Brooks, Collins, J Clin Invest 2008; 118:1590-625. .

We need to enable the power of networks. 3. Rising Costs, Shrinking Budgets Price Barriers

www.righttoresearch.org

Source: http://web.archive.org/web/20050828210650/libraries.mit.edu/about/scholarly/expensive-titles.html

Library budgets journal prices

MIT Libraries Materials Purchases vs. CPI % Increase 1986-2006

400% Journal expenditure 350%

300%

250%

200%

150% Inflation Percentage Percentage Change 100%

50%

0% 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

-50%

Year

Consumer Price Index % + Serial Expenditures % + # Serials Purchased % + # Books Purchased % + Book Expenditures % + Scientific, technical, medical, legal and business journals is an $9 billion per year market

What Does this Mean for You? We’ve all run into this: • NEED GRAPHIC

17 www.arl.org/sparc • NEED GRAPHIC OF PAY-PER-VIEW Screen

18 www.arl.org/sparc • NEED GRAPHIC OF PAY-PER-VIEW Screen

19 www.arl.org/sparc Common Problem – So What Do You Do? Sometimes Inter-Library Loan… But more commonly: I ask the author for a copy…. I get it from a colleague at an institution with a subscription.

We’re Used to Workarounds... Need to Optimize the System for Scholars and the Academy.

“An old tradition and a new technology have converged to make possible an unprecedented public good.“

- The Budapest Open Access Initiative – February 14, 2002 www.boai.org

28 “The public good they make possible is the world-wide electronic distribution of the peer-reviewed journal literature and completely free and unrestricted access to it by all scientists, scholars, teachers, students, and other curious minds.”

- The Budapest Open Access Initiative – February 14, 2002

29 - www.boai.org

“By open access, we mean the free availability of articles on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search or link to the full text of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software or use them for any other lawful purpose…”

- The Budapest Open Access Initiative – February 14, 2002

30 Open Access = Access + Reuse So How do We Do get to Open Access? 1. Open Access Journals A true Open Access Journal is one that allows immediate, free access to all articles, with unrestricted reuse rights. The editorial, peer review, copy editing and quality control processes are the same as traditional subscription access journals. Only the access model and reuse rights are different. More than 9,000 OA Journals

www.doaj.org

Impact

Range = 36%-200% (Data: Stevan Harnad and co-workers)

Open Access Publishing model has proven sustainability…. Outsell estimates that Open Access journals generated $172 million in revenue in 2012 – up 34% from 2011.

- The Economist, 2/28/2013 Reuse Rights: Copyright and Licensing Despite transition to Internet, still largely using print-based “all rights reserved” copyright construct. But we want the flexibility to operate within the current copyright environment to allow digital articles to be fully used and reused…to do things like: Text Mining Downloading Bulk Downloading Data Mining Semantic Searching Computational Analysis Machine Reading

Growing Use of Open Licenses licenses provide authors a way strike a better balance - to determine what rights they want to keep, and what rights they want to give away. The Creative Commons Attribution license (CCBY) is used for Open Access. It allows full re-distribution and re-use of a licensed work PROVIDED the creator is appropriately credited.

What Does all this Mean for Researchers and Scholars? Broader reach and wider audience for their work;

Access to more, license to do more with work of others.

New ways to see who is using their work, and how they are using it

The Open Digital Environment Lets Us Collect Information on More than Just Citations. Article Level Metrics

ALMs let you Dig into the Aspect of Impact you Want to Explore… As a Researcher… Example: I wonder who is reading my work..

..Or As a Funder…. Is this Research Having an Effect On… Outcomes Key indicators of progress

Discoveries 1. significant advances in the generation of new knowledge 2. contribute to discoveries with tangible impacts on health

Applications 3. contribute to the development of enabling technologies, products and devices 4. uptake of research into policy and practice

Engagement 5. enhanced level of informed debate in biomedicine 6. significant engagement of key audiences & increased reach

Research leaders 7. develop a cadre of research leaders 8. evidence of significant career progression among those we support

Research 9. key contributions to the creation, development and maintenance environment of major research resources 10. contributions to the growth of centres of excellence

Influence 11. significant impact on science funding & policy developments 12. significant impact on global research priorities and processes

Wellcome Trust Outcome Measures – Kevin Dolby, OASPA Conference 2012. Identity matters in impact. New ways to see who is using their work, and how they are using it

To be successful, Article Level Metrics (ALMs) need to be proliferated…. ….and they are.

Because No Article is an Island: Open Access Repositories

Open Access Repositories

FEDERATION

73 www.arl.org/sparc

…exist alongside traditional publishing

ECS South- Sem- Wiki- Surge ampton BBC LIBRIS Web- company Playcount Radio Central RDF Data ohloh Resex Doap- Buda- Music- Semantic ReSIST space pest Eurécom brainz Audio- Flickr Web.org Project BME MySpace Scrobbler QDOS exporter SW Wiki Conference Wrapper IRIT Corpus Toulouse

RAE National BBC BBC Crunch 2001 Science FOAF SIOC ACM BBC Music Later + John Base Revyu Foundation Jamendo Peel profiles Sites TOTP Open- Guides DBLP RKB Project flickr Geo- Pub Euro- Guten- wrappr Explorer Guide names stat Virtuoso Pisa CORDIS berg Sponger eprints BBC Programmes Open Calais RKB World Linked riese ECS Fact- New- Magna- MDB South- IEEE book tune ampton castle RDF Book Mashup Linked DBpedia GeoData lingvoj Freebase US CiteSeer LAAS- CNRS Census W3C DBLP IBM Data WordNet Hannover UniRef GEO DBLP Gov- UMBEL Species Berlin Track Reactome LinkedCT UniParc Open Taxonomy Yago Drug Cyc PROSITE Daily Bank Med Pub GeneID Chem Homolo KEGG UniProt Gene Pfam ProDom Disea- CAS Gene some ChEBI Ontology Symbol OMIM Inter Pro UniSTS PDB HGNC MGI PubMed As of July 2009

Infrastructure: Open Access Policies From University/Campus Based Open Access Policies…

78 www.arl.org/sparc To National/Funder Based Open Access Policies… Governments would boost innovation and get a better return on their investment in publicly funded research by making research findings more widely available…. And by doing so, they would maximize social returns on public investments.”

-- International Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Report on scientific publishing, 2005

Open Access Policies Much Progress. But Challenges Remain. For Open Access to Succeed, We Must get the Rights Right.

Biggest Barrier to Open Access: Fear of Not Being Adequately Rewarded. Article Level Metrics Have Strong Potential to Stimulate Culture Change. 10 Years into the Open Access Movement, Enormous Progress Has been Made…. …And the Challenges that Remain Are Clear. - Finish the job of establishing robust infrastructure. - Diversify business models. - Accelerate adoption of open licenses. - Encourage application of broader research evaluation metrics. SPARC’s strategy of strong global partnerships and collective action remains vital to our continued success.

SPARC North America SPARC Japan SPARC Europe Thank You.

Heather Joseph Executive Director, SPARC [email protected] www.arl.org/sparc