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Assembling Development Organizing Swedish Development Aid Through Projectification

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Assembling Development Organizing Swedish Development Aid Through Projectification David Scott (Dis)assembling Development Organizing Swedish Development Aid through Projectification (Dis)assembling Development Organizing Swedish Development Aid through Projectification David Scott Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Political Science DOCTORAL THESIS | Karlstad University Studies | 2021:2 (Dis)assembling Development Organizing Swedish Development Aid through Projectification David Scott DOCTORAL THESIS | Karlstad University Studies | 2021:2 (Dis)assembling Development - Organizing Swedish Development Aid through Projectification David Scott DOCTORAL THESIS Karlstad University Studies | 2021:2 urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-81698 ISSN 1403-8099 ISBN 978-91-7867-182-3 (print) ISBN 978-91-7867-183-0 (pdf) © The author Distribution: Karlstad University Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Department of Political, Historical, Religious and Cultural Studies SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden +46 54 700 10 00 Print: Universitetstryckeriet, Karlstad 2021 WWW.KAU.SE “There is no social order. Rather, there are endless attempts at ordering”. (Law 1994:101) “Today, we do not deem ourselves subjugated subjects, but rather projects: always refashioning and reinventing ourselves”. (Han 2017:1) “I despise the kind of book which tells you how to live, how to make yourself happy. Philosophers have no good news for you at this level. I believe the first duty of philosophy is making you understand what deep shit you are in!” (Slavoj Žižek) Table of contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... 6 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................ 9 THE PROJECT AND ITS EMBEDDEDNESS IN CONTEMPORARY GOVERNING ARRANGEMENTS ......11 HOW TO DEAL WITH A PATCHWORK - APPROACHING THE PROJECT AS AN ASSEMBLAGE ..........13 STUDYING THE PROJECT ASSEMBLAGE IN SWEDISH DEVELOPMENT AID .................................15 AIM AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS ..........................................................................................20 THESIS OUTLINE .................................................................................................................21 2 ASSEMBLING INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN PROJECTIFIED TIMES – A CONTEXTUALIZATION .......................................................................................................23 INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AS A MANAGERIAL PRACTICE ................................................23 PUBLIC SECTOR TRANSFORMATION IN TIMES OF MARKETIZATION AND MANAGERIALIZATION .....32 New Public Management .............................................................................................32 Consultants – Mobile carriers of market and management thinking ..............................38 Projectification – An overview ......................................................................................41 Projectification as a managerial practice in international development .........................46 ASSEMBLAGE STUDIES .......................................................................................................50 Assemblage and its philosophical underpinnings .........................................................51 Assemblage thinking mobilized – Theoretical and empirical divergences .....................57 Assemblage as an analytical tactic and space of inquiry ............................................. 58 Mobilizing assemblage to explore processes of composition ...................................... 60 Concluding remarks .................................................................................................... 66 ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK – MOBILIZING CONCEPTS FOR EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS .......................68 Exploring the construction of the project through processes of translation ...................69 Setting the analysis in motion – An analytical strategy .............................................. 72 3 STUDYING THE PROJECT IN PRACTICE - RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND MATERIAL ...........................................................................................................................76 INITIAL CONSIDERATIONS ON ASSEMBLAGE AND METHODOLOGY ............................................76 DEFINING A STUDY OBJECT – FOLLOWING THE PROJECT .......................................................78 THE POLITICS OF METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................81 THE CASE RATIONALE – THE PROJECT AS A PARADIGMATIC CASE ..........................................82 CONSTRUCTING THE ASSEMBLAGE ......................................................................................83 Access to the field ........................................................................................................91 Initial considerations on data generation ......................................................................94 Interviews .................................................................................................................... 95 Focus group interview ................................................................................................. 98 Observations ................................................................................................................ 99 Documents ................................................................................................................ 100 DATA ANALYSIS - DEPLOYING A RHIZOMATIC APPROACH ..................................................... 103 RESEARCH ETHICS ........................................................................................................... 108 A NOTE ON TRANSLATION ................................................................................................. 113 4 ASSEMBLING THE PROJECT IN SWEDISH DEVELOPMENT AID .............................. 114 ASSEMBLING APPLICATIONS – THE JOURNEY TOWARDS AN APPLICATION ............................. 114 Gaining access to funding .......................................................................................... 115 Assessing the suitability of funding ............................................................................. 117 Writing the application – translating technical guidelines and establishing the “tone” . 119 Translating guidelines and instructions – Engaging with the template .................... 119 Consolidating cooperation – Teamwork .................................................................... 125 Appearing attractive to the funder ............................................................................. 127 Mobilizing expertise for the use of mindsets and models ............................................ 133 Concluding summary – An application process without a center ................................ 135 ASSEMBLING APPRAISALS – THE JOURNEY TOWARDS (DIS)APPROVAL ................................. 137 Mobilizing criteria ....................................................................................................... 137 Mobilizing supporting artifacts – Using the handbook ................................................. 146 Mobilizing expertise.................................................................................................... 148 Concluding summary – An appraisal process without a center ................................... 154 ASSEMBLING IMPLEMENTATION AND REPORTING ................................................................ 155 Building the evidence base ........................................................................................ 155 Managing the project logic – Exploiting advantages and handling contradictions and pressures ................................................................................................................... 158 Managing administrative requirements – Producing the report ............................... 159 Stuck in the unpredictability and rigidity of the project logic .................................. 166 Maximizing success – Mobilizing support systems for project implementation ........... 173 Using platforms for knowledge exchange and experimentation .................................. 174 Self-organized platforms – Learning in a network setting ........................................ 174 Funder-organized platforms – Learning under experimental conditions ................. 178 Maximizing success through informal means ............................................................. 180 Concluding summary – An implementation and reporting process without a center ... 182 ASSEMBLING AUDITING ..................................................................................................... 183 Funder-organized audit .............................................................................................. 183 Externally-organized audit .......................................................................................... 186 Organizing evaluation in a context of outsourcing ................................................... 186 Conducting the evaluation – an interplay between conflict and alignment ............. 189 Concluding summary – An auditing process without a center ..................................... 195 CONCLUDING DISCUSSION – THE PROJECT AS A RESULT OF TRANSLATION ........................... 196 5 (DE)STABILIZING THE PROJECT ................................................................................. 198 PROCESSES OF STABILIZATION – TAMING COMPLEXITY, AMBIGUITY AND UNCERTAINTY ........
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