2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Limeng Zhang1, Yanbi Yu2, Zhonglong Lin2, Zhihua Huang1
Yuxi Branch of Yunnan Tobacco Company of CNTC, 653100, China Oct. 11, 2016
1 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Tobacco production in Yunnan As one of the most important tobacco growing regions in the world, Yunnan has received worldwide reputation not only for its super-scale tobacco production but also excellent internal qualities of tobacco. 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
20% of the world 40% of China 40% of China
Yunnan Yunnan Yunnan
Tobacco leaf yield of the world Tobacco leaf yield of China Tobacco leaf export of China
2 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Tobacco production in Yunnan
/×104 ha /×104 Ton /×104 households 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
3 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The distribution of tobacco production in Yunnan
——Tobacco planting region in Yuxi 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
云南烟叶质量安全控制情况介绍
4 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The distribution of tobacco production in Yunnan
——Tobacco planting region in Qujing 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
5 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The distribution of tobacco production inYunnan
——Tobacco planting region in Baoshan 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
6 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The distribution of tobacco production in Yunnan
——Tobacco planting region in Wenshan 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
云南烟叶质量安全控制情况介绍
7 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The distribution of tobacco production in Yunnan
——Tobacco planting region in Honghe 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
8 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The characteristics of Yunnan tobacco cultivation Wide distribution of tobacco planting
Stereoscopic climate and environment 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Smallholder farmers dominate the tobacco production landscape
Different backgrounds for growers
Many factors and constraints interact to tobacco leaf yields and quality
How to properly transmit the technology and applied science to the growers and field technicians in the tobacco production chain to produce tobacco leaf with the desired quality and yield able to meet the expectations of the tobacco industry and the growers? 9 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA A case of Yunnan experience in dissemination of biocontrol technology to farmers and field technicians 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Biological control for Myzus persicae with natural enemy --- Aphidius gifuensis
10 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The aphid is one of the main pests in agricultural production system including tobacco
Directly Indirectly 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
The aphid can not only reduce the quality of tobacco, but also vector viruses such as cucumber mosaic virus and many different potyviruses. 11 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Russia Canada 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf Germany Italy North Korea U.S.A Spain South Korea Japan India China The United Arab Burma Taiwan,China Emirates Thailand Vietnam Philippines Cambodia
The natural parasitic enemy——Aphidius gifuensis is widely distributed all over the world. 12 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA The principle of Myzus persicae biological control technology with its natural enemy 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Female A.G. Male A.G. Mating Searching for hosts Parasitizing
Hatching into A. gifuensis Eclosion Pupa Larvae parasitized mummy
The whole process lasts for 10 to 15 days. Aphids (Myzus persicae) died when the A. gifuensis hatched in the aphid body into a parasitized mummy. 13 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf How to properly transmit this biocontrol technology to the growers and field technicians, and to equip smallholders with this technology and enable them to achieve greater performance?
14 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 1 Scientific research 1 Break through the winter breeding conservation problem of Aphid and Aphidius gifuensis.
The proper host plant with highly resistance of TMV was selected such as Yunyan 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf 203, radish, Chinese cabbage.
15 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 1 Scientific research
1 Broke through the winter breeding conservation problem of Aphid and
Aphidius gifuensis. 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Alternative winter breeding conservation methods were built.
Floating Seedling conservation Mature plant conservation Cool conservation system：good system：the characteristics of the system：a long storage period, for long distance transportation, storage period is short, fast strong individual. cuting off the effect of Pachyneuron reproduction. aphidis (bouche), lower cost. 16 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 1 Scientific research
2 Solve the problem of degradation and Hyperparasitoids. 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf Using cycle selection method to do detoxification, purification and rejuvenation for aphid and Aphidius gifuensis. Adopting the method of artificial strip, light trapping to eliminate hyperparasitism. Improves the quality of Aphidius gifuensis individuals and groups.
Cycle selection Light trapping Artificial strip 17 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 1 Scientific research 3 Invent the technology of aphids inoculation and transfer: the main technical points were clear. 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf Transfer time： Tobacco plants grow 6 - 8 effective leaves Innoculation method：picking, tearing, erasing, rod method. Innoculation quantity： 20-30 head/plant. Breeding conditions： Temperature: 17 ℃ to 27 ℃, humidity: 50%-80%. Breeding time：15 d-20 d.
Picking transfer Tearing transfer Erasing transfer Rod transfer method method method method 18 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 1 Scientific research
4 Establish the method of Aphidius gifuensis large-scale breeding .
70-80d 25-30d 15-20d 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Seedling Transplanting Aphids rearing Parasitize 8-10d
7-10d
Releasing Collecting Aphidius gifuensis Hatching
Process of Aphidius gifuensis large-scale breeding by mature plant 19 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 1 Scientific research 5 Integrate the Aphidius gifuensis high-density breeding technology.
Rearing by 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf rod transfer method mature larva
Aphids Parasitized Aphidius Releasing parasitism Rearing by mummy gifuensis erasing transfer method
Process of Aphidius gifuensis large-scale high density breeding by seedling plant 20 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 1 Scientific research
6 Develop efficient and convenient releasing methods. 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf Collecting Storage Transportation Releasing
Products of parasitized Living A.fifuensis A.gifuensis auto-collector cards Cages aphid mummy transportation
Auto collecting & equipment Living A.gifuensis Seedling with parasitized Fixed and mobile releasing holder aphid mummy 21 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 2 Develop technical standardization 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Extension based on the techical standardization 22 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 3 Training and Extension 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Weifeng Zhang et al., 2016 Nature. Closing yield gaps in China by empowering smallholder farmers. 23 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Step 3 Training and Extension
Technology transmission system
Tobacco Production and Purchasing Scientific Research and Technical Extension System Management System 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf Department of Science and Technology Provincial Tobacco Company
Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences Municipal Tobacco Companies
Tobacco Production Technology Centers County branches Technical Extension Stations Tobacco Stations Technical Extension Sites 24 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Training system
Provincial 1 Technical
Companies Manager 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Step-by-step Training Technical 我们Companies of States and Cities 2 Backbone
3 Field County Branches Technicians
4 Counselors Tobacco Station Leading farmers
25 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 1 The 1st level training for technical managers 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Provincial level training: 100 technical managers were trained
26 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2 The 2nd level training for technical backbones 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Municipal level training: 1,000 technical backbones were trained
27 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 3 The 3rd level training for technicians 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
County level training: 2,000 technicians were trained
28 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 4 The 4th level training for counselor and leading farmers 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Tobacco station level training: 460,000 growers were trained 29 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Extension organization 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Yuxi Extension Station Dali Extension Station
Honghe Extension Station Wenshan Extension Station 30 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Releasing parasitized seedling
Releasing living adults of Aphidius gifuensis 31 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Parasitized aphid with seedling——releasing to field directly
32 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Parasitic natural enemy——Aphidius gifuensis Mass Rearing Station 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
33 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Using the seedling float system to propagate the Aphidius gifuensis 34 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Stereo seedling system for Aphidius gifuensis mass rearing 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
35
35Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Stereo seedling system for Aphidius gifuensis mass rearing 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
36
36Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 6000-10000 Aphidius gifuensis per plants. 28 plants per small green house. 16.8 thousands Aphidius gifuensis per green house.
Releasing for 6 hectares. 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
37 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
38 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Extension in Yunnan and China
Extension area of Yunnan Extension area of Whole nation Extension ratio of Yunnan Extension ratio of Whole nation
2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
100% 90 ）
92.20% ） 90% 80
85.60% ha
80% 82.20% 4
% （ 70 10
70% 71.67% 60 × （ 60% 62.50% 54.10% 50 50% 40 40% 41.62% 30 30% 30.95% 31.45% Extension ratio 24.22% 23.61%
20% 20 Extension area 10% 12.07% 10 0% 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 39 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA
Effects云南省各州市烟蚜茧蜂对烟蚜的防治效果(%) of aphids prevention with biological control
90
88 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
86
84
82
80
78
76
The average control effect (%) controlTheaverageeffect 昆明市玉溪市曲靖市红河州楚雄州大理州昭通市保山市文山州普洱市丽江市临沧市
40 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA
2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf Aphids population density per plant plant Aphids population / Ln(n+1) density per Transplanting time 41 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA
Pesticide 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Releasing A. gifuensis
Control
control treatment / plant / treatment control
Field aphid populations with populations aphid Field
releasing A.gifuensis treatment /plant A.gifuensistreatment releasing Field aphid populations with pesticide andpesticide with populations aphid Field
Date The dynamic of field aphid populations 42 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Contrasting the cost of extension between pesticides and biocontrol
Treatments Costs Items 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Costs of pesticides 90 ¥×3 times = 270 ¥ Pesticide 1,620 ¥ Costs of labor 450 ¥×3 times = 1,350 ¥
Costs of facilities 24.9 ¥
Biocontrol 87.9 ¥ Costs of mass rearing 33.0 ¥
Costs of releasing 30.0 ¥
43 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Extending this biocontrol technology to other crop production: the effect of aphids control on average is nearly 60%. 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
Maize Wheat Rape Peas Sweat pea
44 Radish Cabbage Broccoli Pepper Peach
Broad bean 44 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf
The tobacco industry and tobacco company are happy!
The farmers and growers are also happy! 45 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Research Science and Technology Training Extension 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf Input Output
46 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA Acknowledgements Tobacco production technology center, Yuxi tobacco company JI Sigui 2016_APW02_ZhangLimeng.pdf GU Xinghui ZhOU Wenbing Department of Science and Technology, Yunnan tobacco company YU Yanbi LIN Zhonglong CNTC ZHANG Hong WANG Deping Li Ming CORESTA Scientific Commission, JT International Germany GmbH
Marco Prat 47 Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA