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8-1-1981 Volume 5, Number 8 (August 1981) The olS ar Ocean Energy Liaison

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NSUWorks Citation The oS lar Ocean Energy Liaison, "Volume 5, Number 8 (August 1981)" (1981). The OTEC Liaison. 48. https://nsuworks.nova.edu/nsudigital_otec-liaison/48

This Newsletter is brought to you for free and open access by the NSU Digital Collections at NSUWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in The OTEC Liaison by an authorized administrator of NSUWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INCORPORATING Solar The OTEC Liaison OCEAN ENERGY VOLUME 5 NUMBER 8 Liaison August 1981

be competitive in Third World locations OPTIMISM FOR DAM-ATOLL with adequate wave-energy resources. Thomas P. Higgins says early research of the American Institute of Aeronautics In June 1981 Sherburne told the Eighth and development results "provide opti­ and Astronautics. Annual Ocean Energy Conference in Wash­ mism for cost competitiveness" for Dam­ The authors estimated the capital in­ ington DC that the cost of electricity from Atoll, the system to convert ocean-wave stalled cost of an early-production Dam­ Dam-Atoll could be as low as 7.5 cents per energy into electricity. Higgins is manager Atoll unit at $8 million to $12 million. kilowatt-hour, "the same as oil-steam to­ of Ocean Energy Systems at the Lockheed Higgins said that as the cost of fossil fuel day". While Dam-Atoll production costs Missiles and Space Company, Sunnyvale, soars "it appears quite probable that a would rise only sl ightly, he said, fossil California. He and Clinton P. Sherburne, group of Dam-Atoll units can provide com­ fuels are expected to continue increasing manager of the Dam-Atoll program, co­ petitive energy in the latter part of this de­ significantly in price. authored a paper which Higgins presented cade ". Earl ier, Higgins told scientists meet­ Dam-Atoll would consist of a concrete at the Sixth Marine Systems Conference ing in Madras, India that Dam-Atoll could dome 300 feet (100 meters) in diameter, its top just breaking the ocean surface. At its center, curved vanes would guide in­ WHAT IS DAM-ATOLL? coming waves after they refract (band) Dam-Atoll is a revolutionary device for tates a turbine/generator set, and water is around the atoll shape of the dome. The conversion of wave energy into useful en­ discharged through the base of the struc­ vanes would direct the water into a central ergy. The dome-shaped structure can be ture. An 80-meter-diameter Dam-Atoll core 60 feet (20 meters) in diameter so as permanently mounted on the seafloor or could produce one to one-and-a-half meg­ to create a vortex inside the core, caus­ anchored on site, depending on seafloor awatts, enough to meet the needs of nearly ing hundreds of tons of seawater to swirl conditions. The name Dam-Atoll, a trade­ 500 homes. downward to turn a turbine. The turbine mar,k of the Lockheed Missiles and Space By extracting energy from the waves, would drive a generator producing 1 to 2 Company, is derived from the fact that the wave energy is reduced, leaving calm water megawatts of electricity, enough to serve plant has the characteristics of both a dam in the wake of the structure. This fact about 500 homes. and an atoll. The Dam-Atoll can be used makes Dam-Atoll a useful mechanism for A newly-designed dome, shallower and as electricity producer, oil-spill skimmer, shoreline protection and for the creation flatter than previous designs, would act as a or breakwater. of artitrcial harbors offshore. "surf ramp" to achieve maximum wave­ Electricity is produced in the Dam-Atoll Oil sl icks on the water surface from capture efficiency, giving Dam-Atoll an by a simple hydraulic turbine rotating un­ accidental spills or natural seepage could overall efficiency up to 45%. Previous de­ der a gravity-induced pressure head. Waves be removed by using Dam-Atoll. As the signs envisioned a floating, moored Dam­ arriving with a frequency of seven to ten oil-contaminated surface water enters the Atoll which would follow tidal changes. seconds are refracted by the shape of the plant, the oil could be separated and re­ Lockheed's research now indicates that structure. Thus as they reach the center of covered. the unit's performance could be improved the dome they enter the water-guide vanes The adjacent photo and others in this even further by providing the capability in progressive order. The guide vanes are issue show the design of th is innovative to adjust ("tune") for wave height, maxi­ curved so that the water entering them wave - energy - conversion device. Further mizing power output. This ability to adjust is caused to spiral downward in the cen­ development of this concept is under way the depth could also be used to "duck" tral core. The spiraling, falling water ro- at Lockheed. beneath the surface during severe storms. Dam-Atoll would operate best off the WORK SYSTEM DRIVE SHAFT western side of land masses such as the Pacific Coast of North America, the Ara­ bian Sea off Pakistan and India, or the North Atlantic coast of Scotland. It could DIRECTION~ supply electrical loads tailored to local needs by selecting the proper number of units required. Lockheed studies indicate that fabrica­ tion of the large dome and subsequent as­ sembly of the system should be done rela­ tively close to the installation site, enhanc­ ing the use of skills and labor. "These fac­ tors offer great potential for isolated or less-developed areas which need electrical power," Higgins said. The Dam-Atoll program is in the early research and development stages. Lockheed is doing analyses and studies to provide the basis for design and testing of models, and is under contract to the US Department of Energy/Solar Energy Research Institute to (continued on Page 2) Solar OCEAN ENERGY Liaison

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VOLUME 5 NUMBER 8 August 1981

EDITOR/PUBLISHER DAM-ATOLL MOORED CONCEPT Richard Arlen Meyer

TYPESETTER LOCKHEED REORGANIZES that the Corrosion Protectio ~ Systems AND COPY EDITOR OCEAN SCIENCE LABORATORY personnel, previously part of Lockheed Shelly Treshansky Environmental Sciences, have been trans- A prominent American ocean scientist, ferred to Lockheed Offshore Systems and ART DIRECTOR Dr. Andreas B. Rechnitzer, has been named Services at the Company's Ocean Systems Pamela Greenfield manager of a reorganized Lockheed Ocean Organization in Sunnyvale. However Wen­ Science Laboratory (LOSL), headquartered zel said ocean mining, a tow tank for SUBSCRIPTION MANAGER in Carlsbad, California. The new organiza- hydrodynamic testing, and the Lockheed Mildred Ward tion combines Lockheed Environmental submersible Deep Quest will continue to Sciences, also located in Carlsbad, and the operate at Lockheed-San Diego's Harbor RESEARCH ocean-science group previously at Lock- Island facil ities. Patricia Belisonzi heed Ocean Laboratory in San Diego. A current example of Lockheed En- "Combining Lockheed's ocean-science vironmental Sciences work is a $1.3 million OCEAN ENERGY activities will result in one group with the bioassay of Pyramid Lake, Nevada to de­ is published monthly by Popular Products fully-developed capability to handle al-- termine the effect of dissolved solids on Incorporated at 1303 South Michigan most any job," said James Wenzel, Lock- the marine environment. This investigation Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60605, USA. heed Missiles and Space Company vice- is being performed under a 27-month' con­ Copyright 1981 by Popular Products president for Ocean Systems. "We are tract from the US Bureau of Indian Affairs. I ncorporated, Chicago, Illinois. All rights very fortunate to have a scientist of Dr. Previously, Environmental Sciences per­ reserved. Contents of this newsletter may Rechnitzer's standing join us as we enhance formed marine environmental studies at not be reproduced in whole or in part our ocean-science capabilities." the San Onofre and Diablo Canyon (Cali- without permission. OCEAN ENERGY Rechnitzer will be in charge of a team fornia) nuclear power plants. will not assume any responsibility for of more than 50 ocean scientists, engineers, Corrosion Protection Services provides any manuscripts or photographic material and technicians who conduct marine sur- a patented cathodic protection system to either left or submitted on speculation. veys, study local marine biology for coastal guard underwater marine structures such as Subscription prices are as listed below: power plants, perform bioassays, and con- pipelines, petroleum-production platforms, United States and possessions: one year duct research on ocean mining. and transportation tubes against galvanic $150, two years $250. Foreign: Add $20 Currently, Rechnitzer is assistant for the corrosion. per year for air mail. Single copies: US International and Interagency Affairs Office $12.50 per copy. Foreign $13.75 per copy. of the Chief of Naval Operations in Wash- USSN: 0162-8755 ington DC. He is the author of numerous (continued from Page 1) articles and technical papers, and was co­ conduct two 12-month phases of engineer­ author of the first book of rules and meth­ ing development. The initial phase, consist­ ods for scuba diving in the US, published ing of engineering studies, will be followed in 1950. Rechnitzer becamethefirst Amer­ by construction and testing of a 1/50- ican civilian pilot of the US Navy's Trieste scale model six feet in diameter, if DOE bathyscaphe in 1959, and has participated budgeting for 1982 perm its. in numerous underwater explorations and Dam-Atoll was conceived, developed, studies. During his long career, he was also and patented by Leslie S. Wirt, a scientist scientist-in-charge of the Trieste in 1960 at Lockheed's Rye Canyon Laboratories . when it dived to 35,800 feet in the Mari­ near Saugus, California. Proof-of-concept anas Trench - believed to be the world's data were gathered in 1979 from a 1/100- deepest dive. scale model, and results of these data led to In announcing the appointment and the the DOE contract. reorganization of LOSL, Wenzel also said Page 2 Solar OCEAN ENERGY Liaison Chicago 60605 August 1981 SUBSCRIBER POLL SHOWS MOST WE WOULD PREFER IN FUTURE ISSUES OF OCEAN ENERGY: PREFER CURRENT FORMAT MORE LESS EMPHASIS EMPHASIS AS IS question- In mid-June OE mailed a 31 3 43 INTERNATIONAL NEWS naire to all subscribers, the first since this '" publication's inception in 1977, stressing 36 6 34 CONGRESSIONAL ACTIVITIES that OE wants to provide its subscribers with what you want. The results showed 34 5 36 TECHNICAL REPORTS that a majority of readers were happy with OE as is. However several areas of 22 18 37 CONTRACT AWARDS & PROCUREMENT OPPORTUNITIES interest will receive greater emphasis: international news, Congressional activi- 19 11 42 INTERVIEWS (GOVERNMENT AND/OR INDUSTRY) ties, and technical reports. Those areas which will receive slightly less emphasis 13 25 35 REGULATIONS & LICENSING PROCEDURES are regulations and licensing procedures, 26 7 40 PHOTOS, DIGARAMS, GRAPHS, ETC. legal issues, and patents. However the latter areas will become more important 22 7 47 MORE FREQUENT CALENDARS OF MEETINGS, ETC. in the near future as OTEC leaves the research-and-development phase and be- 27 6 42 DATA SOURCES gins to move into commercialization. Nearly SO subscribers took the time 19 21 34 LEGAL ISSUES AND PATENTS to respond. A breakdown of their prefer-, ences appears in the adjoining table. --33% --15% --51%

PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE 100kW plant 2,500kW commercial plant Equipment test (assumption) Ramn Proceedings of the International Sola r Type Axial Flow Compact Type Axial Flow Compact Type - Energy Congress, 1979, New Delhi, India Rated ca.,.::ity l00kW 2,SOOkW edited by F. De Winter, includes Ocea n

Working Medium Fron R·22 Fron R·22 Thermal Gradient Systems. ! Proceedings of the Joint Conference 0 f Vaporized Fron R·22 :e 1 1 ~ 10.2kg/cm abs 10.3kg/cm abs .... Pressure the American Section, International Sola r c .. 0 Vaporized Fron R-22 I y 23.S0C 2O.0°C Energy Society and Solar Energy Societ Ii: Temperature of Canada, Incorporated, Winnipeg, Can Vaporized Fron R·22 83tonlh 1,810ton/h Flow acja, edited by K. W. Boer. Volume 5 cov

Revolution 1.500rpm 3,OOOrpm ers solar thermal and ocean thermal energy. Both of the above are available from Type Air Cooled Horizontal Air Cooled Horizontal Rotating Field Type Rotating Field type Pergamon Press, Fairview Park, Elmsford, New York .10523, Output l00kW 2,50OkW ~;s ,. Voltage 440V 6,600V ~ . CI Hertz 50Hz 50Hz

Revolution 1,500rpm 3,OOOrpm US GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT INVITATIONS Type Horizontal Tube Type Horizontal Tube Type AND CONTRACT AWARDS ~ No. of Sat 1 6 w~ Warm Water listed below are procurement invitations Warm Water Flow 1,975ton/h I @S,02Oton/h 25°C and contract awards related to OTEC in TVpe Vertical Tube Type Vertical Tube Type particular and in general I ocean resources culled from the Commerce Business Daily. ..,i No. of Set 1 6 c 0 This is not to be construed, however, as a u ColdWater Cotd Water Flow 1,926ton/h @4,87Oton/h 4.3°C complete list.

0- TVpe Vertical Slant Type Vertical Slant Type • E Jul 1 : Radioelement Studies in the iliA.·~ No. of Set 1 2 e.! Ocean: Contract D E-AC-02-S1- E V-10694 ;:;:.. Pump Up Flow 32m 3 /min. @25Om 3 /min. ,A001, for $33,750, awarded to Woods 0- Vertical Slant Type Hole Oceanograph ic Institution, Woods E Type Vertical Slant Type i:"Iole, Massachusetts 02543. US Depart- ·ae:~ No. of Set 1 2 ~: ment of Energy, 9S00 South Cass Avenue, o· u;: Pump Up Flow 31m J /min. @240ml/min. Argonne, Illinois 60439, 0- Horizontal Multi-Spiral Jul 2: Parametric Performance Studies E TVpe Horizontal Multi-Spiral Type Type ~ A. of Fluidized Bed Heat Exchanger: Nego- c No. of Sat 1 3 2 tiations are being conducted on a sole- LL Pump Up Flow 1.1m 3 /min. @13m l /min. source basis with the United Technologies Load Handling 5kW bulb x 20 Sent to power system Research Center of East Hartford, Con-

Intake Pipe PE.p700 xl ·PE.p2,500 x 2 necticut for the above-named project. US Department of Energy, Pittsburgh Energy The table above is a comparison of OTEC equipment specifications for a 100-kilowatt Technology Center, PO Box 10940, Pitts- test plant and a 2500-kilowatt commercial plant, reproduced from a brochure burgh, Pennsylvania 15236. published by the Tokyo Electric Power Services Company (TEPSCO). (continued on Page 4)

Solar OCEAN ENERGY Liaison Chicago 60605 August 1981 Page 3 (continued from Page 3) negie-Mellon University, Carnegie-Mellon of Energy, Savannah River Operations Of­ Ju I 8: Solar Production of Industrial Institute. Office of Technology Assess­ fice, PO Box A, Aiken, South Carolina Steam Operations and Performance Evalu­ ment, United States Congress, Washington 29801. ation: Contract DE-AC-03-78-CS-32199, DCJQ510. Jul 30: Ocean Environmental Studies for $203,130, awarded to Foster Wheeler Jul 15: Investigation into Zirconium, Consisting of Analysis (1) of Data from Development Corporation, 12 Peach Tree Titanium, and Their Alloys with Molybde­ Aerial Surveys, (2) of Sounds of Marine Hill Road, Livingston, New Jersey 07039. num Pressurized to 100 Kilobars at Room Mammals, (3) of Antifouling Coatings and US Department of Energy, San Francisco Temperature to Study the Omega Phase Related Materials, and (4) Evaluation of a Operations Office, 1333 Broadway, Oak­ Transition: Metastable Omega Phase crys­ New Biochemical Indicator Syst~· : Nego­ land, California 94612. tal structure will be studied by transition tiations are being conducted w· i Com­ Jul 8: South Atlantic Outer Continental electron microscopy. Communications will puter Sciences Corporation, 4 5, Han­ Shelf Physical Oceanography Year 4 Pro­ be conducted only with Man Labs I ncor­ cock Street, San Diego, California 92110, gram: Contract AA-851-CT1-25, for an porated, since it is a continuation of work for RFP N66001-81-D-0529. Command­ estimated cost plus fixed fee of $525,829, previously performed by a principal in­ er, Naval Ocean Systems Center, San Diego, has been awarded to Science Appl ications vestigator. Sol icitation DAAA22-81-R- California 92152, Attention W. P. Walton, f Incorporated, 1200 Prospect Street, La 0124. Purchasing and Contracting Division, Code 4222, (714) 225-2334. Jolla, California 92038. US Department Watervliet Arsenal, Watervliet, New York Jul 31: Development of an Erosion­ of the Interior, Bureau of Land Manage­ 12189, (518) 266-5147. Resistant, Anti-Fouling Metallized Pro­ ment, 18th and C Streets Northwest, Wash­ Jul 17: Operation of an Inquiry and peller Coating Applied With Thermal Spray ington DC 20240. Referral Service Through the National So­ Techniques: I n accordance with the speci­ Jul 13: Analyze Issues and Problems lar I nformation Center: Contract D E-AC- fications, RFP N00024-81-R-5365 will Associated with the I ntegration of New 0281-CS 71106.AOOO, $620,000, awarded be issued to Flame Spray Incorporated, Energy Technologies: Responses will be to the Franklin Institute of the State 4674 Alvarado Canyon Road, San Diego, inviting proposals to prepare critical-issue of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania California 92120. Commander, Naval Sea survey papers addressing important issues 19103. US Department of Energy, Chicago System Command, Washington DC 20362. and problems associated with integrating Operations and Regional Office, 9800 Jul 31: Engineering Design and Devel­ new energy technologies into the nation's South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois opment of Subsystems for t e Oc Sur­ electrical systems. These issues cover the 60439. veillance I nformation System: Contract range of electric-utility-system planning, Jul 17: Continued Ocean Studies on N00039-79··C-0444-POOOl4, June 18th, system operations, and institutional con­ the Formation and Circulation of the 1981, $114,887, awarded to CTEC Incor­ cerns associated with the introduction of World's Ocean-Water Masses: Contract porated, Falls Church, Virginia 22043. Na­ energy technologies whose spatial and tem­ N-00Ol4e 80:"C-0440, June 16th (no RFP), val Electronic Systems Command, Wash- poral characteristics are fundamentally dif­ for $406,620, awarded to the Regents of ington DC 20360. - ferent from those of today's technologies the University of California, Code A-Ol0, Jul 31: Continuation of the Rap ·Op­ and which will alter the planning of electric University of California, San Diego, tical Ocean Surveillance Testbed: Contract generation, transmission, and distribution La Jolla, California 92093. Office of N00039-81-C-0297, June 24th, 1981, systems of the future. The information de­ Naval Research, 800 North Quincy Street, $673,651, awarded to Ampex Corporation, veloped in these papers will be used in the Arlington, Virginia 22217. Redwood City, California 94063. Naval planning of a major research and develop­ Jul 20: Research Entitled "Flux of Electronic Systems Command, Washing.ton ..~ ment program focused on the successful Energy and Essential Elements Through DC 20360. ': accomplishment of technology integration. the Pelagic Portion of the Continental Aug 6: Determine the Eftects of Sur­ It is anticipated that awards will be in the Shelf Ecosystem": Modification to exist­ face Residual Stresses on the Growth of range of one to two person months and ing contract DE-AS-09-76-EV-00639, for Microcracks in Titanium Weldments: Ne­ require four months for technical perfor­ $97,455, awarded June 25th, 1981 to the gotiations are to be conducted with South­ mance. As many as 20 fixed-price con­ University of Georgia Research Foundation west Research Institute, 8500 Culebra tracts are anticipated. Union Carbide Cor­ Incorporated. US Department of Energy, Road, PO Box 28510, San Antonio, Texas .,. poration, Nuclear Division, Attention A. F. Savannah River Operations Office, PO Box 78284. Office of Naval Research, SOO Johnson, PO Box M, Oak Ridge, Tennessee A, Aiken, South Carolina 29801. North Quincy Street, Arlington, Virginia 37830, (615) 576 -1406. . Jul 20: Marine Architect and Engineer­ 22217. Ju114: Development of an Air- Deployed ing: Contract N00600-81-D-9162, May Aug 6: Evaluation of the US Policy Al­ Oceanographic Mooring (ADOM) Compat­ 5th, 1981, $2,104,205, awarded to Igor ternatives Concerning the Law of the Sea ible Hydrophone/Cable Assembly for Gath­ Bazovsky and Associates Incorporated, Convention: Negotiations are being c~ n­ ering Acoustic Data: Negotiations are being 7255 Owensmouth, Suite 4, Canoga Park, ducted with Dickstein, Shapiro, and Marin, conducted with EG&G Washington Ana­ California 91303. Naval Regional Contract­ Washington DC. Department of State, C~n­ lytical Services Center Incorporated, 2150 ing Office, Washington Navy Yard, Build­ tracts Branch, PO Box 9244, Rosslyn Sta­ Fields Road, Rockville, Maryland 20850. ing 200, Washington DC 20374. tion, Arlington, Virginia 22209, Attention Office of Naval Research, 800 North Quin­ Jul 29: Data Collection, Exercise Anal­ Mr. James K. Kimmel, (703) 235-1773. cy Street, Arlington, Virginia 22217. ysis and Reconstruction, and Report Prep­ i Ju I 14: Evaluating Approaches to Col­ aration for Two Sea Venture Exercises: lecting Geophysical Data on the Ocean Negotiations are being conducted with Bottom: Negotiations are being conducted TRW, 7600 Colshire Drive, McLean, Vir­ with Planning Systems Incorporated, 7900 ginia 22102. Office of Naval Research, 800 ---- Westpark Drive, Mc Lean, Virginia 22102. North Quincy Street, Arlington, Virginia Office of Naval Research, 800 North Quin­ 22217. cy Street, Arlington, Virginia 22217. Jul 29: Nearshore Transport Processes Jul 14: Explore Issues Involved with Affecting the Dilution and Fate of Energy­ Increasing the Efficiency of Industrial En­ Related Contaminants: Contract DE··AS- ergy Use, and Predict Effects of Possible 0980-EV-10331, modification to existing Legislative Actions on Industrial Energy contract in the amount of $78,339, award­ Use and Industrial Productivity: Contract ed to Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, 133-4140.0, for $50,164, awarded to Car- Savannah, Georgia 31406. US Department

Page 4 Solar OCEAN ENERGY Liaison Chicago 60605 August 1981 •