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SUBJECT OUTLINE

Subject Name: Subject Code: Herbal and Manufacturing WHMF121

SECTION 1 – GENERAL INFORMATION Award/s: Total Course Credit Points: Level:

Bachelor of Health Science (Naturopathy) 128 Core 1st Year Diploma of Health Science 32 Elective 1st Year Duration: 1 Semester Subject is: Core or Elective as noted Subject Credit Points: 4

Student Workload: No. timetabled hours per week: No. personal study hours per week: Total hours per week: 6 4 10 Delivery Mode*:

☐ On campus ☐ Online / Digital ☒ Blended ☐ Intensive Weekly Session^ Format/s - 2 sessions per week:

☒ eLearning modules: Tutorials: can include asynchronous tutor moderated discussion forum and activities, learning journal activities or other web-based resources 2 x 1 hour tutorials activities / workshops per week

☒ Livestream lectures: ☒ 2 hours ☐ 3 hours 2 x 2 hour lectures per week

*All modes are supported by the online learning management system which will include subject documents such as handouts, readings and assessment guides. ^A ‘session’ is made up of 3 hours of timetabled / online study time per week unless otherwise specified. Each subject has a set number of sessions as outlined above. Note: As they are aware, international students on a Student Visa (500) must attend livestream classes on their local campus, using the Virtual Classrooms provided.

Study Pattern: ☒ Full Time ☒ Part Time

Pre-requisites: BIOB111

Co-requisites: Nil

SECTION 2 – ACADEMIC DETAILS Subject Rationale This foundational subject introduces students to the study of plant medicine via an exploration of botany and herbal manufacturing. Through an understanding of basic plant morphology, botanical terminology, , and nomenclature, students learn to recognise micro and macroscopic physical characteristics of

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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plants, identify plant specimens and describe relationships between plants and their environments. Students learn the theory and practice of herbal manufacturing and gain experience in the preparation of plants used in the practice of herbal medicine. Additionally, students are introduced to the legislative and regulatory frameworks that govern the manufacture and sale of botanical medicines in Australia. This subject serves as a foundation for the study of herbal pharmacy and , and therapeutics.

Learning Outcomes 1. Identify plant specimens based on plant morphology and botanical taxonomy. 2. Describe the environmental and regional influences on and plant constituents. 3. Produce various herbal medicine preparations for topical and internal administration. 4. Classify and explain various herbal medicine preparations for appropriate administration.

5. Discuss current Australian legislation as it relates to the growing, manufacture, dispensing and dosage of for therapeutic administration.

Assessment Tasks Learning Session Content Type Outcomes Due Weighting Delivered Assessed

Botany Project 1-2 1-12 Week 7 20% Part A: Plant Morphology (500 words) Part B: Plant Classification 1-2 1-22 Week 12 30% (700 words)

Manufacturing Project Part A: Manufacturing 3-5 1- 14 Week 8 20% Preparation (600 words) Part B: Manufacturing Product 3-5 1-26 Week 13 30% (700 words)

All written assessments and online quizzes are due at 11:55 p.m. Sunday and submitted through the LMS

Prescribed Readings:

1. Adams, J., & Tan, E. (2011). Herbal manufacturing: How to make medicines from plants (2nd ed.). Eleanor Tan & Jenny Adams.

2. Tan, E. (2013). Botany of the flowering plants (4th ed.). Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE.

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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Recommended Readings: 1. Blair, K. (2014). Wild wisdom of weeds: 13 essential plants for human survival. Chelsea Green Publishing.

2. Capon, B. (2010). Botany for gardeners (3rd ed.). Timber Press. [ebook available] 3. Fisher, C. (2018). Materia medica of Western herbs. Aeon Books. [ebook available] 4. Green, J. (2000). The herbal medicine-maker’s handbook. Crossing Press. [ebook available] 5. Grubb, A., & Raser-Rowland, A. (2012). The Weed foragers handbook: A guide to edible and medicinal weeds in Australia. Hyland House Publishing. 6. Mauseth, J. D. (2014). Botany: An introduction to plant biology (6th ed.). Jones & Bartlett Learning. 7. Stubbin, C. (1999). Do it yourself pure plant skin care. The International Centre of Holistic . 8. Wink, M., & Van Wyk, B. (2008). Mind-altering and poisonous plants of the world. Timber Press.

Subject Content Week Lectures Tutorials / Practicals / Workshops

1. Session 1 Activities are developed to allow the students to Introduction (Subject Outline / Subject Aims / explore relevant concepts, expand on ideas and Assessment / Teaching Resources) have peer and lecturer interaction. Activities also allow for formative assessment and feedback Introduction to Botany: , Phylogeny and Pre lecture Plant classifications, 5 kingdoms and 10 plant Botany, plant classifications, 5 kingdoms & divisions 10 plant divisions: why this is relevant to your study Nomenclature Post lecture Botany, taxonomy & phylogeny Plant classifications, 5 kingdoms & 10 plant divisions Nomenclature

Session 2 Pre lecture Introduction to Manufacturing Library resources search activity for herbal Legislative Considerations – TGA botany & manufacturing Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Introduction to GA resources Levels of Evidence Post Lecture Assessment Methods Specific TGA resources including levels of evidence for Listed, Assessed & Registered products

2. Session 3 Pre lecture Plant Morphology - Cells & Seeds Environmental considerations and Plant cell structure introduction to plant cells Introduction to Monocotyledons Post lecture Introduction to Dicotyledons Environmental considerations - seasons

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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Seeds used in herbal medicine Differentiation between monocots & dicots Practical Seeds used in herbal medicine Seeds: structure & function Germination of seeds

Session 4 Pre lecture Herbal manufacturing – Legislation TGA advertising and the herbal medicine Advertising industry in Australia Poisons schedule Difference between practitioner only and over-the-counter products Qualitative and quantitative assessment Post lecture Practical Differentiating between analytical technique Aust L, Aust L(A) and Aust R Label comparisons

3. Session 5 Pre lecture Plant Morphology - Roots Roots: botanical structure and function Gravitropism and geotropism Post lecture Roots used in herbal medicine Consolidating root differentiation, common Practical herbal examples Roots: structure, functions and modifications Propagation: root division

Session 6 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Pills, Tablets and Capsules Pills, tablets and capsules: historical and Advantages and disadvantages contemporary context Therapeutic manufacturing calculations: Dried Introduction to formulation Equivalent (DHE) and Drug Extract Ratio Post lecture (DER) Formulation and recording manufacturing Herbs suitable for tablets and capsules process Practical Practicing with DHE/DER Making pills and capsules Herbs suitable for tablets and capsules

4. Session 7 Pre lecture Plant Morphology - Stems Botanical structure and function of stems Phototropism and apical dominance Post lecture Stems used in herbal medicine Consolidation of stem differentiation and Practical common herbal examples Stems: structure, function and modification Propagation: stem cuttings

Session 8 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Succi, Infusions and Succi, infusions and decoctions: historical Decoctions and contemporary context Solvents: water Further methods for calculations herbal Advantages and disadvantages content for therapeutic effects

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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Herbs suitable for succi, infusions and Post lecture decoctions Formulation and recording manufacturing Practical process Preparing medicinal succus, infusion and Herbs suitable for succi, infusions and decoction decoctions

5. Session 9 Pre lecture Plant Morphology - Leaves Leaves: botanical structure and function Photosynthesis Library activity: microscopic examination of Leaves used in herbal medicine leaf cells Practical Post lecture Leaves: structure, function and modifications Consolidating leaves differentiation and common herbal examples Microscopic examination of leaf cells

Session 10 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Tinctures and Fluid Extracts Alcohol extracts: tinctures and fluid Solvents: ethanol and alcohols extracts: historical and contemporary context Advantages and disadvantages Different manufacturing methods used in Considerations when using fresh and dried commercial and private settings plants: constituents and solvent ratios Introduction to constituent and solvent Standardisation ratios Practical Post lecture Preparing a fresh and dried plant tincture (used Formulation and recording manufacturing in manufacturing products later in the course) process Constituents and solvent ratios

6. Session 11 Pre lecture Plant Morphology - Flowers Flowers: botanical structure and function Inflorescences Post lecture Pollination and reproduction Consolidating flowers differentiation and Flowers used in herbal medicine common herbal examples Practical Flowers: structure, function and modifications

Session 12 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Infused Oils Infused oils: historical and contemporary Solvents: oil context Advantages and disadvantages Different manufacturing methods and introduction to aromatherapy Shelf life and preservatives Introduction to constituent and solvent Aromatherapy in herbal manufacturing ratios Practical Post lecture Preparing warm and cold infused oils (used in Formulation and recording manufacturing manufacturing products later in the course) process

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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Inhalers

7. Session 13 Pre lecture Plant Morphology – Fruits Fruits: botanical structure and function Fruit formation and different types Post lecture Methods of fruit dispersal Consolidating fruit differentiation and Fruits used in herbal medicine common herbal examples Practical Fruits: structure and function

Session 14 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Glycetracts and Oxymels Glycetracts and oxymels: historical and Solvents: glycerine and vinegar contemporary context Advantages and disadvantages Different manufacturing methods Therapeutics of honey Post lecture Practical Formulation and recording manufacturing process Preparing a therapeutic glycetract and oxymel Positive and negative influences of commercialisation of herbal medicine

NON-TEACHING WEEK (note that make-up classes may be scheduled in this week) Semester 1 – This aligns with the week after Easter so it may fall between Weeks 6 to 8 Semester 2 & Online students – The non-teaching week falls between Weeks 7 and 8

8. Session 15 Pre lecture Plant Identification Virtual visit Botanical keys and spotting characteristics Post lecture Wildcrafting: cautions and considerations Plat Databases and example searching Poisonous plants and weeds: constituents and Poisons and weeds consequences Practical Plant identification process

Session 16 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Syrups, Pastilles and Lozenges Syrups, pastilles and lozenges: historical Considerations for ingestible herbal and contemporary context therapeutics Different manufacturing methods Preservative: sugar Post lecture Advantages and disadvantages Formulation and recording manufacturing Practical process Preparing a therapeutic syrup, pastille and Traditional herbal usage and current lozenge evidence-based practice

9. Session 17 Pre lecture Plant Families - Monocotyledons Plant databases: Monocotyledons Post lecture

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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Examine the various spotting characteristics of Monocotyledon plant family identification Monocotyledon plant families Practical Botanical key identification of members of the Xanthorrhoeaceae, Melanthiaceae, Zingibereaceae, Poaceae, Pinaceae and Equiseteaceae, Smilax spp. Ephedraceae, Armaryllidaceae families

Session 18 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Emulsions - Creams and Emulsions - cream and lotions: historical Lotions and contemporary context Topical herbal therapeutics: strengths and Different manufacturing methods limitations Post lecture Emulsifiers, preservatives and storage of topical Formulation and recording manufacturing applications process Advantages and disadvantages Creams and lotions: commercial product Sourcing materials label comparison Practical Identifying ingredients and herbal Preparing therapeutic emulsions: herbal cream substitutes and lotion

10. Session 19 Pre lecture Plant Families – Dicotyledons Part 1 Plant databases: Dicotyledons Examine spotting characteristics of dicotyledon Post lecture families Dicotyledon plant family identification Practical Identification via botanical keys of Ranunculaceae, Myrtaceae, Papaveraceae, Brassicaceae, Solanaceae, Plantaginaceae & Loganiaceae families

Session 20 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Ointments, Balms and Ointments, balms and liniments: historical Liniments and contemporary context Topical herbal therapeutics vs skin care: Different manufacturing methods legislative differences Post lecture Advantages and disadvantages Formulation and recording manufacturing Practical process Preparing a therapeutic ointment, balm and Ointments, balms and liniments: liniment commercial product label comparison Identifying ingredients and herbal substitutes

11. Session 21 Pre lecture Plant Families - Dicotyledons Part 2 Plant databases: Dicotyledons continued

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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Examine spotting characteristics of dicotyledon Post lecture families Dicotyledon plant family identification Identification via the botanical keys of spotting continued characteristics of members of the Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Portulacaceae, Apocynaceae and Urticaceae families

Session 22 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Pessaries and Suppositories Pessary and suppository: historical and PR and PV herbal therapeutics contemporary context Advantages and disadvantages Different manufacturing methods Practical Post lecture Preparing a therapeutic herbal pessary and Formulation and recording manufacturing suppository process

12. Session 23 Pre lecture Plant Families – Dicotyledons Part 3 Plant databases: Dicotyledons continued Examine spotting characteristics of dicotyledon Post lecture families Dicotyledon plant family identification Practical continued Identification via botanical keys of spotting characteristics of members of the Asteraceae, Apiaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Campanulaceae, Carophyllaceae families

Session 24 Pre lecture Manufacturing: Infants and Children’s Remedies for infants & children: Different Remedies manufacturing methods Considerations when manufacturing and Post lecture prescribing herbal medicines (internal/topical) Formulation and recording manufacturing for infants and children process Herbal washes, poultices and compresses: Advantages and disadvantages Practical Preparing medicinal herbal products suitable for use by infants and children: poultices/ compresses, jellies Group activity: formulation of a child remedy for the relief from chicken pox discomfort

13. Session 25 Pre lecture Plant Families – Dicotyledons Part 4 Plant databases: Dicotyledons continued Examine spotting characteristics of dicotyledon Post lecture families Dicotyledon plant family identification Practical continued

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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Identification via botanical keys of spotting characteristics of members of the Lamiaceae, Malyaceae, Amaranthaceae, Euphorboraceae, and Cannabinaceae families

Session 26 Pre lecture Global Herbal Medicine Manufacturing Global differences in manufacturing and Global herbal medicine perspective supply Sustainability Post lecture Practical Collation of formulation manufacturing record Complete manufacturing of therapeutic herbal products

14. Non-Teaching Week/Practical Examination Week 1 Note that make-up classes may be scheduled in this week

15. Non-Teaching Week/Practical Examination Week 2 Note that make-up classes may be scheduled in this week

16. Final Examination Week 1 There is no final exam for this subject

17. Final Examination Week 2 There is no final exam for this subject

Australian College of Natural Medicine Pty Ltd trading as Endeavour College of Natural Health, FIAFitnation (National CRICOS #00231G, RTO #31489) WHMF121 Herbal Botany and Manufacturing Last modified: 17-Feb-2021

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