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A CIOMS International Ethical Guidelines for Adherence, 24, 25, 35, 46, 51, 57, 100, 111, Biomedical Research Involving Human 131, 136, 150, 159, 177, 189, 190, 203 Subjects, 64, 65 Affective commitment, 179, 202 1847 Code of Ethics, 82 Akkadians, 115, 116 Commitment of core team leaders, 188 Allocation, 14, 25, 26, 28, 47, 48, 51, 134, 136, Compassionate solidarity, 149, 152, 183, 185, 150, 199 188, 189, 191, 203 Amputation, 15, 17, 24, 36, 41, 46 Compliance, 33, 34, 45, 82, 111, 113, 152, Anastomosis, 9, 13–15, 25, 35 163, 169, 177–179, 189, 203 Aristotle, 75, 185 Composite Tissue Allotransplantation (CTA), Attitudes toward VCA and SOT, 31, 32 16, 47 Autonomy, 50, 57, 58, 62, 64, 75–77, 79–83, Consent 91–94, 97–99, 106–109, 113, 127, 131, autonomous authorization, 5, 94, 168 134, 139, 140, 157, 159, 160 covenant consent, 1, 6, 7, 9, 67, 70, 72, 149, 152, 153, 174–176, 178, 179, B 181–185, 187–189, 192, 193, 201–203 Basic Christian Ethics, 129, 135, 136 fair transaction, 5, 94, 97, 158, 168 Beauchamp, Tom, 80, 93, 157 informed consent, 5, 56, 58, 59, 73, 74, 78, Beecher, Henry, 73, 90 82–85, 87, 88, 90–92, 96–99, 101–106, Belmont Report, 64, 65, 73, 89, 91, 156, 157 113, 115, 152–158, 160, 168, 175, 183, Beneficence, 50, 52–55, 65, 71, 77, 79, 81, 199 150, 199 permission giving, 5, 168, 169, 199 Berith, 116, 117, 119, 140, 170, 172 shared decision making, 99–101, 168 Bilateral transplant, 49 standard antecedent, 161, 162, 174–176, Bone marrow transplantation, 39, 40 178, 182, 183, 201 Burdens and Risks, 1, 5, 9, 36, 41–43, 53, 148, waiver of responsibility, 5 162, 165, 178, 181, 197, 199, 203 Consent form, 111, 159, 183, 189, 191, 192, Butler, Peter, 21 203 Contractualism, 146, 147 C Cosmas, St., 11 Calcineurin inhibitor, 37, 38 Covenant and Care Provider—Patient Carrel, Alexis, 11, 12, 14 Relationships, 140 Changing faces, 42 Covenant and contract, 127, 201 Chauvet Workgroup, 45 Covenant in Christian ethics, 116 Chi’ao, Pien, 11 Covenant in health care ethics, 131, 173, 174 Childress, James, 80, 89, 93, 157 Covenant in Jewish ethics, 116, 127 Chimerism, 39, 40 Cyclosporine, 15, 16, 18 Cicero, 61

© Springer International Publishing AG 2017 253 J.L. Benedict, A Revised Consent Model for the Transplantation of Face and Upper Limbs: Covenant Consent, International Library of Ethics, Law, and the New Medicine 73, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-56400-5 254 Index

D Islam, 120 Damian, St., 11 Israel, 115, 117–119, 121, 122, 125, 141, 143 Declaration of Geneva, 55 Declaration of Helsinki, 65, 66, 73, 89, 156 J Degree of defect, 42, 197 Jaboulay, Mathieu, 11 Detached concern, 186, 187 Justice, 50, 51, 53, 61, 65, 71, 95, 99, 108, 118, Diabetes, 17, 25, 32, 38, 48, 54, 162, 197 136, 150, 199 Dignity, 48, 50, 59–64, 70, 71, 82, 90, 98, 105, 108, 137, 139, 149, 150, 152, 164, 171, K 174, 179–181, 191, 199, 200 Kant, Immanuel, 57, 73, 76, 79 Disparities in power, 97, 142, 148 Kidney dialysis, 14 Donor consent, 25, 57 Kidney transplantation, 26 Dubernard, Jean-Michael, 18, 21, 149 Kocher, Theodor, 11 Durability and flexibility, 124 Kukla, Rebecca, 73, 103, 106, 156, 158, 159 Duvauchelle, Bernard, 21 L E Liberty, 58, 80, 81, 93, 94, 101, 106, 109, 129, Earle Peacock, Jr., 16 130, 160 Ethics and law, 104, 105 Life-limiting, 197 Limb replantation, 5, 9, 10, 13, 14, 59, 71, 161, F 164 Face transplant, 1, 15, 20–22, 29, 31, 36, Liver transplantation, 14, 27, 33, 35, 40, 177 44–46, 49, 50, 58, 71 Longevity, 27, 53, 54 partial, 36 Loyalty, 92, 115, 117, 118, 121, 125, 129, 136, total, 37 137, 141–146, 172, 175 Facial defects, 10, 20, 30, 41, 68–70, 197, 198 Lung transplantation, 14, 33 Fictive kinship, 115, 122, 123, 144, 146, 171 Lydston, Frank, 12 Financial costs, 48, 49 Lymphoproliferative disorder, 24 Friern, Bolam v. Hospital Management Committee, 87 M Malignancy, 25, 38, 54, 56, 162, 196 G Malt, Ronald A., 15 Graft loss, 36, 37, 46, 47, 53, 56, 71, 199 Matching, 25, 30, 35, 51 Graft versus host disease, 39 May, William F., 115, 116, 131, 134, 137, 140, 141, 146, 173, 181, 185, 197, 201 H Medawar, Peter, 13 Halstead, William Stewart, 14 Merrill, John, 14 Heart transplantation, 11, 14, 27, 29, 33 Michael Barilan, Y., 70, 73, 98, 102, 103, 105, Hippocratic Oath, 55, 78 108, 158, 159 Hittites, 115, 116 Microsurgery, 9, 12, 15 Mill, John Stuart, 58, 73, 80 I Morale Medicale, 82 Identity transfer, 44, 54 Motor function, 23, 31, 33, 44 Immunogenicity of skin, 16, 29, 35 Murray, Joseph, 14 Immunological concerns, 34 Mycophenolate mofetil, 15, 16, 37 Immunomodulation, 15 Immunosuppression, 9, 15, 17, 22, 24, 32, N 35–40, 48, 51, 53, 54, 57, 69, 71, 150, National Organ Transplant Act, 26 161–163, 176, 191, 196 Nazi atrocities, 73 Induced tolerance, 15 Negative liberty, 81, 94, 160 Infection risk, 25, 162, 165 Non-maleficence, 50, 52–55, 57, 71, 77, 150, International Hand Registry, 19 199 International Registry on Hand and Composite Nordenfelt, Lennart, 63 Tissue Transplantation (IRHCTT), 19, 149 Nozick, Robert, 95 Index 255

Nuremburg Code, 64, 73, 88, 156 Reciprocity, 117, 125, 133, 142–144 Nylen, Carl Olof, 12 Reconstructive transplantation, 15 Rehabilitation, 31, 33, 46, 71, 163–165, 174, O 176, 202, 203 Organ Procurement and Transplantation Reichsrundschreiben, 84, 88 Network (OPTN), 26, 27 Reinnervation, 33 Other VCA Rejection abdominal wall, 24 acute, 22, 29, 30, 35, 37, 162 esophagus, 24 chronic, 24, 29, 30, 35–37, 46, 162 larynx, 24 hyperacute, 35 lower extremity, 24 Renal compromise, 32 penis, 24 Renegotiation, 125, 171, 172, 202 tongue, 24 Rentdorff, Jacob Dahl, 58 uterus, 23 Respect for autonomy, 50, 58, 61, 71, 73, 80, vascularized knees, 24 89, 93, 96–98, 106, 108, 109, 150, 160, 199 Richard Niebuhr, H., 115, 128, 135 P Ritual, 102, 119, 121, 123, 125, 138, 145, 159, Patient as Person, 136 160, 170, 183, 192, 203 Patient Bill of Rights, 90 Rituximab, 37 Patient cooperation, 77, 169, 177, 178 Royal College of Surgeons, 21 Patient decision aids, 155 Rush, Benjamin, 81 Patient motivation, 40 Patient selection, 45, 51, 53, 56, 71, 150, 202 S Pearce and Another v. United Bristol Salgo v. Leland Stanford Jr. University Board Healthcare NHS Trust, 87 of Trustees, 73, 86 Pediatric VCA, 57 Samhita, Sushutra, 10 Percival, Thomas, 82 Schloendorff v. Society of New York Perritt, Richard A., 12 Hospitals, 73, 85 Physiotherapy, 5, 6, 15, 33, 51, 53, 57, 71, 152, Sensitivity, 23, 33 161, 163, 164, 168, 169, 180, 181, 190, 191 Sentinel function of skin, 29 Plato, 75 Shame and honor, 115, 123–125, 176, 181 Prednisolone, 37 Sidaway v. Governors of Bethlem Royal Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 59, 65, 80, 93, Hospital, 87 103, 157 Solid Organ Transplantation (SOT), 5, 9, 10, Privacy and confidentiality, 55, 56, 64 14–16, 18, 25–33, 35–37, 39, 40, 52, 57, Procurement, 14, 16, 26, 28, 30, 47, 48, 51, 69, 71, 161–164 150, 199 Spence, Canterbury v., 73, 87 Prosthetics, 31, 48, 52, 165 Standards of information disclosure Psychological consequences of graft loss, 46 professional practice standard, 87, 93, 94, Psycho-social issues, 40 157 reasonable person standard, 93, 94, 157 Q subjective standard, 93 Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), 49, 51 Stanley, L.L., 12 Quality of life, 14, 27, 32, 41, 49, 53, 54, 68, 163, 195 T Tacrolimus, 15, 18, 37–39 R Physician’s Covenant, The, 138, 139 Ramsey, Paul, 115, 116, 129, 131, 135, 137, Therapeutic alliance, 6, 100, 102, 152, 160, 141, 169, 200 199 Rat hind limb transplantation, 18 Therapeutic privilege, 77 Recipient satisfaction, 198 Training, 31, 99, 155, 186, 187, 189, 202, 203 256 Index

Transplantation of bone, 10 V Transplantation of teeth, 10, 11 Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation Transplantation of testicles, 12 (VCA), 1–3, 5–7, 9, 10, 13, 15–19, 21, Trephination, 11 24–59, 63, 64, 68–71, 92, 115, 149–152, Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 73, 91 161–170, 174–177, 179–183, 187–192, 195–199, 201–203 U Vasculopathy, 35, 36, 39 UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics Vassal-suzerain treaty, 119 and Human Rights, 65, 73, 90 Visible difference, 42 United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS), Vocabulary, 64, 104, 189, 191, 203 26 Voronoff, Serge, 12 Upper extremity transplant, 9, 15, 17–19, 28, Voronoy, Yury, 13 33, 35, 36, 41, 43, 44, 46, 49, 54, 55, 71, Vulnerability, 6, 50, 59, 60, 62, 64–71, 108, 150, 162 132, 133, 139, 148–150, 152, 165–168, 174, 179, 181, 182, 191