7^ WATER POLICY IN SVRIA AND

ITS STRATEGIC FORESIGHT

by Nidhal Taqi Atidine and Abdu Al-Azzi Al-Masai

Aman April 2-4, 1989 I. Water Sources in Syria

Reference here is made first to surface area of the country, population size, and basic information on precipitation in the country.

The Water Sources

There are four water sources: rivers, seasonal streams, wells, and groundwater.

A. Rivers

1. Rivers shared with other countries

a. Al-Fourat River: Its total length is 2759 km, of which 595 km is in Syria. b. Dijla River: It constitutes the frontiers with Iraq and Turkey and extends for 44 km. c. Al-Ass River: It flows from Lebanon. It is the second most important river in Syria.

(A) Next page: Map showing average total precipitation yearly

(B) Next page: Map of rainfall areas in Syria

(C) Next page: Average of rainfall according to rainfall areas in Syria

(D) Next page: Map of linear division of Fourat River from its source to its drain

d. 'Afrin River: Flows from Turkey and has a length of 149 km, of which 85 km is in Syria.

e. Varmuk River

f. Al-Balikh River

g. Jaghjagh River h. The Southern Grand River

2. The internal rivers include the following:

a. Al-Khabur River b. Al-San River c. Bordy River C ftaraoU) d. Al-'Aouaj River e. The Northern Grand River

(E) Next page: Table on the central watercourse of the princi internal and common rivers in Syria

B. Seasonal Streams C. Wells CSprings).

D. Groundwater: There are five hydrological units:

1. First group is characterized by widespread and weak interconnectedness among its elements. It exists in the Damascus plains, the Syrian peninsula, and Harnus area. (^@juL&*J*-v\ra,ru omA M^ae^r't)

2. The volcanic layers

3. The Baliouginie calcic rock layers

4. The calcic rock layers

The average groundwater source in the aforementioned four layers is approximately 1903 million cubic meters.

According to the paper, the water sources in Syria are divided as follows (excluding the Fourat and Dijla Rivers):

1. The annual average of the water sources for rivers and streams is around 6700 million cubic meters. 2. The annual average of water sources for #ieILs is 1000 million cubic meters.

3. The annual average of water sources for groundwater is 1903 million cubic meters. '"' \\i\i\ov\, m . t TOTAL = 9603jcud1c03Jcubic meter

II. Present and Future Water Projects in Syria

Since the sixties, different projects have been established, others have been included with the continued 5-year plans. The article goes on to list the accomplished projects and the ones under way now. In order to provide drinking water, other projects have been executed: 111- WaW He sources SiT^^°}<^ «W S$r,A* CP-i^- A. Realizing the need and the necessity for water, the total exploitation of the water sources is a must, and the development of modem techniques of irrigation is essential as well as the need for academic institutions to train engineers and technical experts. Since its creation in 19132, the Ministry of Irrigation has achieved many gains such as the creation of a specialized division dealing with the water sources, an information bank on water, an institute to train technicians, and the preparation of a legal draft on water.

(F) Next page: map on Syrian water basins ( p. I?)

The paper concludes with a call for a comprehensive national strategy. The following must be considered:

1. The water sources must be carefully determined. 2. A study dealing with the watefishared among the Arab countries must be accomplished. *>**»'*« 3. Modern irrigation techniques must be implemented. 4. The slogan of the "Green Revolution" must guide the joint efforts of the Arab world. Us-f necetvk ^y'/sf f^an Amb doodah'™ iop^d tocder s+r*f^_ ^ ail cvaM*. fLesoorce* aJ-present-OiMel ^Xpl^mhir* 0$ de^pgrovnt/wtev aw* uh'/ri^i/riyw- Page 19: Bibliography on material dealing with water in Syria. A.:,.- W-

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