Collaborative Study on "Improving Industrial Waste and Wastewater Management “ in District,

WEPA Action Programme 2017 Sri Lanka

1 Content

1. Introduction 2. Objectives of the Project 3. Selection of Project Area 4. Sampling Locations & Parameters 5. Present Status of Action Programme 6.1 Selection of industries

6.2 Selectionu3 of dug wells

6. Action Plan and Time frame 7. Outcomes and Applications

3 2 1. Introduction

 Purpose of the programme is to find a solution for a specific water pollution issue and find a better solution and finally apply findings among partner countries.  WEPA has selected ground water pollution by industrial effluent in Sri Lanka as the action programme for 2017 fiscal year.

3 2. Objectives  Evaluate the wastewater pollution control strategies and sludge disposal methods in selected high polluting industries in .

 Investigate water quality in selected areas to identify relationship on ground water contaminations due to Industrial discharges.

 Develop Policies, Guidelines or improve existing guidelines on siting of Industries and waste disposal.

 Develop ground water maps.

4 3. SELECTION OF PROJECT AREA

Land area 1386.6 km2

Percentage of the total land area is 2.11%

5 Project Area

6 Criteria for Selection of the Study Area

 Population Growth and Density  Industrial Density and high Polluting Industries with Industrial Effluent Discharges  Ground water usage  Ground water Contamination Incidents  Wastewater & sludge disposal (containing heavy metals )

7 Population growth in Gampaha District

Year Gampaha Distict Sri Lanka

1981 census 1,390,862 (9.37%) 14,846,750

2001 census 2,063,684 (10.91%) 18,914,866

2012 census 2,294,641 (11.27%) 20,359,439

8 Population Density – Gampaha District

(Source: Department of Census and Statistics – 2001, Sri Lanka,) 9 Industry distribution in Sri Lanka ( CEA data base August 2017)

Total A Total B Total BOI Total

Colombo 2260 1382 244 5907 (18.99%) (13.04%) (22.87%) (12,43%)

Gampaha 1843 1335 317 5489 (15.49%) (12.60%) (29.71%) (11.55%)

Sri Lanka 11,901 10,599 1,067 47538

10 Industry Distribution

250

200

150

100 A - High Polluting Industry B - Meedium Polluting Industry

50

0

11 Groundwater USE in Sri Lanka

. Estimated groundwater potential in Sri Lanka: app. 7800 x 106m3/year rainwateristhemain source of recharge. (Natural Resource of Sri Lanka, 1991) 72% of the rural population 60% of the total population 22% of the urban population dependent on groundwater for domestic water supply (Central Bank of Sri Lanka 2006)

. Towns of , , Mannar, and : >90% depending on groundwater aquifer

12 Ground water usage in & Gampaha Districts ( study of the management of ground water resources in Sri Lanka)

Colombo Gampaha

Population rely on 34.8 75.4 ground water %

Ground water usage 78,000 156,000 – individuals m3/d

Registered deep bore 342 890 hole wells

Ground water for 0 5,859 piped supply m3 / d

14 13 Rain Fall Pattern of the area

 The Climate of Sri Lanka is dominated by topographical features of the country and the Southwest and Northeast monsoons regional scale wind regimes.  The Climate experienced during 12 months period is characterized in to 4 climate seasons.  First Inter Monsoon Period ( March - April)  South West Monsoon Period ( May – September)  Second Inter Monsoon Period ( October – November)  North East Monsoon ( December – February)

14 Recent ground water pollution incidents reported as a result of Industrial discharges

 2016 accidental effluent release from wastewater collection pond due to heavy floods in South Asia Textile mill.

 2015 Ground water contamination due to Palm oil effluent & sludge disposal on land. AEN Palm Oil , Baduraliya.

 2014 Well water contamination in Rathupaswala (Gampaha area) due to industrial effluent discharge on land by Venigross Pvt Ltd ( rubber glove manufacturing industry)

 2011 ground water contaminated with waste oil discharge from Power plants in Chunnakum area in Jaffna peninsula.

16 15 4. Sampling Locations, Frequency & Parameters

 Proposed to have 04 sampling intervals.  In April ( 1st inter monsoon ), July ( middle of monsoon), September ( end of SW monsoon) & Nov / Dec ( end of 2nd inter monsoon )  Due to limited time frame 03 sampling intervals can be conducted.  In September ( end of SW monsoon) , November (end of second inter monsoon period) & late December / January ( North East monsoon ).  Total samples to be analyzed per interval is 134 including reference wells.  Total of 402 samples to be analyzed during the period of the study.  The groundwater table (levels) in selected wells will be monitored by automatic gauges and manual measurements.

16 Sampling Frequency & Parameters Contd..

 Common Parameters such as ;  COD  EC  pH,  Nitrates  Phosphates  Ammonia  Chloride  Specific Parameters such as heavy metals will be analyzed depending on the type of industrial discharge.  Sample analysis will be done by CEA laboratory & by outsourced laboratories .

17 Selected Industry List

Daily Chemicals Source of Discharge Industry Type used water e & Final point Idea Metals Ltd, Wester seaton Manufacturing of Deep well Water 8m3 /D CaOH Hcl H So 3 1 Estate, . Building , , 2 4 Processing 8-10m Final point = Hardware’s NaoH /D Artificial (Hirges) Cyanodull Domestic = 10m3 Pond in the /D Industrial Premises Star Textile, Processing Disperse Dyes Ground well & 100 – 150 m3/D Textiles & Leather Industries,Kadirana, Reactive Dyes Tube well Final point = Ela 2 3 Negombo. Hydrogen Peroxide 100 – 150 m /day Caustic Soda Soda Ash Acetic acid Knit Fin (Pvt) Ltd), Caustic Surface 18 m3/D Textiles & Leather 3 Wanguthota Watta, Giridara, Soda waterKelani Treatment plant H2O2 River available Kapugoda. 3/D CH3CooH 20 m Gardening Discharged into C.W.W.T.P.

Sithro Garments Finishing, Gampaha Industrial washing & Sodium sulphate, 400m3/d from public 400m3/d treated and special finishing sodium carbonate, supply discharge in to a 4 Road, Ekala calcium hypochlorite, stream sodium hydroxide, dyes

19 18 5 DSI Bikes, Rathupaswala Painting & Caustic soda, well water Wastewater 5 assembling of Sulphuric acid, extract 5 m3/d m3/d, wastewater bikes Hydrochloric acid, treat and used for oxalic acid, gardening. For WWTP – sodium carbonate, zinc phosphate

Manufacture Paints, printing Extractwellwater, 6 Unidil Corrugated Cartons Pvt Ltd, 5m3/d, , treat and corrugated cartons glue 3m3/d, use for gardening Dompe, Dekatana Aluminum 1.5–2m3/d,used Hydroxide for for washing WWTP

Oxford Dyeing (Pvt) Ltd, Caustic Soda Public Supply 53m3/D 7 Textiles & Leather Rd, Kadawatha. H2O2 Ground water Final point = Gypsum Salt 59 – 60m3/D Marshy land Soda Ash

CH3CooH Dyes

Na2CO3 Aluminum sulphuric acid, Neighbors use well 8 SwisstekAluminum 40m3/d effluent Extrusion sodium hydroxide, water but high Fe transport to nitric acid, content. Madampitiya Use public water pumping station supply use 40m3/d earlier discharged in to downstream paddy lands

20 19 Daily Discharge Chemicals Source of & Final Industry Type used water point

9 Biyagama Export Processing Zone Industries Dyes, Textile Public Supply (NWS- 13000- manufacture auxillaries, Washing DB) 14000m3/day (BEP3) gloves, Lace, Chemicals glove Processing & Washing Walgama, Malwana. Garments, manufacturing 18000m3/day Final point - Ela threads, Button, Chemicals. Domestic 7000m3/day Granites, Shoe Soles, Rubber bands, lyeing of fabrics/ items, Printing of Currency, Tyres etc

10 South Asia Textile Industries Lanka Dyeing, Dyes, Textile Processing 4200m3/D Holcim (Pvt) Ltd, Printing, auxillaries, Washing Kelani River No.20, Pugoda. Knitting, Chemicals Finishing

21 20 Rhino Colourup, Painted Asbestos Thinner, Primer Public supply 1m3/d Wastewater 11 sheets (water base) paint discharge from Road, Ekala. machine washing 1m3/d

Bettans Lanka Molawatta, Leather tanning & Chrome, sodium Surface water – 40 – 50 m3/d 12 finishing formate, sodium stream,40–50m3/d discharge in to a fish Minuwangoda Rd. Kotugoda bicarbonate, sulphuric pond & finally to acid, liquid ammonia, stream etc.

Tan Rite International, . Leather finishing Chrome Powder, Piped water Process 5 5 m3/d untreated 13 Boron and other m3 WW to Kelani River chemicals domestic 3 m3/d

Mount packs pvt. Ltd. Corrugated cartoon Paints, printing glue Extract well water, 1 2m3/d, , treat and 14 32, Narampala Rd, Katulanda Aluminum Hydroxide m3/d, storeapit for WWTP 1.5–2m3/d,usedfor washing

22 21 15 Crystal Enterprises (Pvt) Garment Desizing Agents, Public supply and 40m3/d into a Ltd), Wattala. Washing Enzymes, Softeners, ground water 40 stream m3 Bleaching Powder

Lanka Washing Unit, Textiles & Detergents, Euziuies Groundwater 101 m3/d to 16 . Leather (Ecozime-v-88) Bleach, processing 100 m3 Lagoon. Anti bac domestic 100 m3

23 22 Disposal of sludge in the river bank – Tanrite International Pvt Ltd, Wattala

23 Wastewater Discharge from Mount pack industry

24 Location of wells close to Knit Fin Pvt Ltd, Kapugoda

25 Location of wells close to South Asia Textiles

26 5. Present Status of Action Programme • 16 wastewater generating industries were selected.

◦ Selected industrial activities are chemical, leather, basic metal & textile. u2

◦ Water sampling sources and points were selected considering location of respective industry, land use, near by water sources, drainage pattern of the area and ground water flow.

◦ Locations were mapped and sample analysis are in progress.

28 27 6. Outline of work

DATE TASKS August - Preparation & Signing of contract September 2017 - Collection of necessary data - Start industrial inspection & site selections for the implementation of the program

October 2017 - Conduct field work, sampling & laboratory analysis, etc. - Information dissemination & awareness work shop for near by residents.

November 2017 - Submission of Mid-term report to IGES

November 2017 – - Continue implementing the program February 2018 - Preparation for the Final Report - Preparation of draft Guideline based on the findings. - Organizing and making presentation at the Final Dissemination Workshop

By 28th February - Submission of the Final Report and Guideline to IGES 2018 - Submission of the Work Completion Report and relevant documents . 28 7. Expected Outcomes

 Strengthen the capacity of CEA staff in industrial inspection and water quality monitoring aspects.  Development of a comprehensive baseline data set on industrial pollution control measures and surrounding water environment in selected areas of Gampaha.  Incorporate the information in decision making under following aspects: ◦ Restrict industrial siting for selected industry types based on the study. ◦ Identify industry types suitable for the area including pollution control techniques.  Based on the sludge disposal in the area initiation of sludge disposal guideline.

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