Linguistics 335: Queer Linguistics Fall 2013, T/Th 1:10-2:30, Eliot 121

COURSE REQUIREMENTS Instructor Lal Zimman

Email address [email protected] Reading responses (5 at 5% each) 25% Office Eliot 100A Data analyses (3 at 10% each) 30% Office hours Tues 10:30am-12 noon & Thurs 11:30am-1pm Analysis #1: Lexicon (due 9/27) Phone (503) 777-7228 (7228 from campus) Analysis #2: Sociolinguistic style (due 10/18) Analysis #3: Discourse (due 11/27) COURSE DESCRIPTION Participation and discussion questions 10% This semester’s course in language and is focused on queer Final project 35% linguistics, an interdisciplinary approach to the study of language, Proposal (due 10/4, 5%) gender, and sexuality that centers the linguistic practices of Preliminary abstract (due 11/22, 5%) marginalized and stigmatized speakers. Queer linguistics emerged Presentation (day of final exam, 5%) in the 1990s in tandem with queer theory, acting as a challenge to Final paper (due 12/18, 20%) the normativity and essentialism that had implicitly shaped previous decades of research. We will cover major developments in these interdisciplinary areas of study, drawing on Response papers (25% total): Over the course of the semester, material from linguistics, , sociology, and you will write 5 brief (~3 page) responses to one or more of the feminist/queer theory. Like all queer linguists, we will aim to assigned readings on that week. You will be assigned to either understand how queer theory and research on the linguistic “group A” or “group B”, with each group responsible for reading negotiation of gender and sexuality can be mutually informative. responses on alternating weeks (see schedule). There are 7 weeks Toward this end, assigned readings include texts with a variety of for each group noted on the schedule, meaning that you can skip theoretical and methodological perspectives, while course turning in a reading response twice this semester on weeks of your assignments present opportunities to hone our analytic skills. choosing. Prereq: LING 212, equivalent, or instructor permission; Group: B

Your responses should not summarize the reading but rather do one REQUIRED BOOKS (ALSO ON LIBRARY RESERVE): of the following: pick out an interesting question that came up as Language and Sexuality (2003; Deborah Cameron & Don Kulick; you read (and consider how it might be answered), point out Cambridge University Press; ISBN: 0521009693). connections with other course readings and concepts, identify a The Language and Sexuality Reader (2006; Deborah Cameron & problem you noticed in the argument or analysis, explain how key Don Kulick, eds.; Routledge; ISBN: 0415363071). concepts from the readings play out in other contexts, or in some other way offer your own perspective. You must turn in the OPTIONAL BOOKS (ON LIBRARY RESERVE): response before the beginning of class on the day that reading is Language and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice assigned. (2006; Robert J. Podesva et al., eds.; CSLI; ISBN: 1575863200). Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality (1997; Anna Data analyses (30%): To practice applying course concepts to Livia and Kira Hall; Oxford University Press; ISBN: 0195104714) language data, you will complete 3 data analysis assignments, each

of which highlights a different "level" of language: metaphor/the All other readings are available as e-reserves on Moodle. lexicon, sociolinguistic style, and discourse. More specific guidelines

will be available for each assignment, but all of these will involve a CLASS POLICIES write-up of approximately 5 pages that accomplishes the following: 1. Formatting: All work should be double-spaced, typed, and 1) identifies patterns in the data, 2) interprets these patterns based formatted in 12 point Times New Roman font (or similar). All on what you know about the relevant context, and 3) discusses the materials can be submitted through email. implications of these patterns in relation to concepts we have covered in class (e.g. power, indexicality, intersectionality, etc.). 2. Data: All data analyses must be accompanied by complete transcripts and electronic versions of the data in audio and/or Participation and discussion questions (10%): Of course, visual format. participation is a crucial part of this conference course. This portion of your grade reflects your regular contributions to class discussions 3. Late work: Late assignments will be penalized one full letter and weekly postings to the discussion questions on the course grade per calendar day. Extensions will be offered under Moodle site. Every week of class, you will be responsible for posting appropriate conditions, but must be requested prior to the due one question that relates to topics addressed in the readings; you date in question. don’t, however, have to answer it. The question may be something you explore in a reading response, or something else entirely. Your 4. Attendance: Attendance is crucial, beyond being a necessary posting must go up before class begins. pre-condition for class participation. If you miss more than two class periods, speak with me to discuss a plan for covering Research paper (3 5% total): The biggest part of your grade for missed material and avoiding future absences. this course is a semester-long research project. More details about potential topics and other guidelines are available on the 5. Accommodations: If you qualify for accommodations because assignment handout distributed in class and on the course website. of a disability, speak to me as soon as possible and submit the There are four steps to completing the final project: necessary documentation in a timely manner so that your needs can be addressed. You must go through Disability Support 1. Proposal (5%): The first step, due Friday, October 4, is a Services to receive accommodations; I cannot grant them until I 1-2 page proposal that identifies the question you will ask in have heard from someone in that office. Email disability- your final paper, how you will collect the data necessary to [email protected] or call 503-517-7921. answer that question, roughly what you will analyze, and a list of sources you plan to consult. 6. Names: Class rosters are provided with your name as it 2. Abstract (5%): You will also write a 250-300 word abstract appears in the college’s records, but I will happily honor your that summarizes your paper, a draft of which is due Friday, preferred name and pronouns. November 22. We will discuss details in class.* 3. Presentation (5%): The time reserved for our final exam will be used for student presentations. You will each give an 8-10 minute talk that describes your project and its findings, followed by 3-5 minutes of questions and answers. 4. Final paper (20%): The final paper (~12 pages), is due by 5pm on Wednesday, December 17. See handout for more on guidelines and expectations.

* I encourage you to consider submitting your abstract to the bi-annual conference organized by the International Gender and Language Association, which will meet in Vancouver, BC on June 5-7, 2014. The deadline to submit for the conference is November 30th. Let me know if you may be interested in doing this and I will provide fast and thorough feedback so you can revise it before the deadline. Queer Linguistics Class Schedule (Fall 2013)

Reader = Cameron & Kulick’s reader; L&S = Cameron & Kulick’s slim book; CMTP = Campbell-Kibler et al.’s book; QP = Queerly Phrased * = heavy reading day (45+ pages)

WEEK 1: INTRODUCING LANGUAGE & GENDER • Hines, “Rebaking the pie: The WOMAN AS DESSERT T 9/3 Introductions metaphor” • Reader: McConnell-Ginet, “Why defining is seldom ‘just semantics’: and marriage” (pp. 227-240) Th 9/5 Theorizing gender, sex, & sexuality • Wong, “The reappropriation of tongzhi: A synchronic Required reading: perspective” Eckert & McConnell-Ginet, “An introduction to gender” • L&S: Chapter 1 (pp. 1-14) • Optional reading:

• CMTP: McConnell-Ginet, “Queering semantics: Definitional

struggles” (pp. 137-160) WEEK 2: FEMINIST LINGUISTICS (A) nd T 9/10 The 2 wave of language and gender Th 9/19 Gay lexica Required reading: Required reading: • Lakoff, “Language and woman’s place” • Reader: Legman, “The language of homosexuality: An • Brown, “How and why are women more polite” American glossary” (pp. 19-32, but feel free to skim) • Reader: Sonenschein, “The homosexual’s language” (pp. Optional reading: 41-48) • Bodine, “Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar” • Reader: Stanley, “When we say ‘out of the closets!’” (pp. • Tannen, “Talk in the intimate relationship: His and hers” 49-55) • Reader: Crew, “Let’s talk about the Queens’ English” (pp. rd Th 9/12 The 3 wave of language and gender 56-62) Required reading: • Bucholtz, “Why be normal? Language and identity Optional reading: practices in a community of nerd girls” • Reader: Cory, “Take my word for it” (pp. 33-40) • Hall, “Exceptional speakers: Contested and problematized gender identities” WEEK 4: SITUATING GAY LANGUAGE (A) Optional reading: T 9/24 Gay language? Gal, “Language, gender, and power: An anthropological • Required reading: review” • Reader: Hayes, “Gayspeak” (pp. 68-77)

• Reader: Darsey, “‘Gayspeak’: A response” (pp. 78-85)

• Reader: Leap, “Can there be gay discourse without gay WEEK 3: QUEERING THE LEXICON (B) language?” (pp. 86-93) T 9/17 Defining reality * Required reading: Optional reading:

• Zeve, “The queen's English: Metaphor in gay speech” • CMTP: McElhinny, “Language, sexuality and political economy (pp. 111-134) Th 9/26 Defining community * Required reading: Other work: • QP: Barrett, “The ‘homo-genius’ speech community” (pp. • Come to class prepared to argue in support of your 183-201) chapter’s point of view • Johnson, “Mother knows best: Black gay vernacular and transgressive domestic space” F 10/4 Project proposal due

Optional reading: • Hall, “Intertextual sexuality: Parodies of class, identity, WEEK 5: DEVIANCE, SUBVERSION, & AGENCY (A) and desire in liminal Delhi” T 10/8 Drag / identity * • Eckert & McConnell-Ginet, “Putting communities of practice Required reading: in their place” • Butler, “Gender is burning” • Reader: Barrett, “Supermodels of the world, unite!: F 9/27 Data analysis #1 due Political economy and the language of performance among African American drag queens” (pp. 151-163) • QP: Livia, “Disloyal to masculinity: Linguistic gender and WEEK 4: THE QUEER TURN (B) liminal identity in French” (pp. 349-368) T 10/1 Performativity * Required reading: Optional reading: • Austin, Lectures I & II • hooks, “Is Paris burning?” • Butler, “Conclusion: From parody to politics” • QP: Livia & Hall “‘It’s a girl!’: Bringing performativity back Th 10/10 Agency and subversion to linguistics” (pp. 3-18) Required reading: • Butler, “Burning acts and injurious speech” • Gagné, “Urban princesses: Performance and ‘women’s language’ in Japan’s Gothic/Lolita subculture” Th 10/3 Queer linguistics • Kang, “The desire to be desired: Magic, spells, agency, and Required reading: the politics of desire among the Petalangan people in Your assigned chapter from Language and Sexuality: Contesting Indonesia” Meaning in Theory and Practice (on reserve in the library) plus one other chapter from this list: Optional reading: • CMTP: Barrett, “Is queer theory important for • Gaudio, “Acting like women, acted upon: Gender and sociolinguistic theory?” (pp. 25-42) agency in Hausa sexual narratives” (manuscript) • CMTP: Leap, “Not entirely in support of a queer linguistics” (pp. 45-63) • CMTP: Kulick, “Queer linguistics?” (pp. 64-68) AND Livia, WEEK 6: QUEERING STYLE (B) “The future of queer linguistics” (pp. 87-97) T 10/15 Style and indexicality • CMTP: Queen, “A matter of interpretation: The ‘future’ of Required reading: ‘queer linguistics’” (pp. 69-86) • Ochs, “Indexing gender” (over ) • CMTP: Eckert, “Demystifying sexuality and desire” (pp. 99- 110)

• Reader: Nakamura, “Creating indexicality: Schoolgirl WEEK 9: SEXUAL NORMATIVITY (B) speech in Meiji Japan” (pp. 270-284) T 10/29 Heteronormativity • Reader: Podesva, et al., “Sharing resources and indexing Required reading: meanings in the production of gay styles” (pp. 141-150) • Reader: Kiesling, “Playing the straight man: Displaying and maintaining male heterosexuality in discourse” (pp. 118- Th 10/17 Queer styles 131) Required reading: • Reader: Eckert, “Vowels and nail polish: The emergence of • QP: Gaudio, “Not talking straight in Hausa” (pp. 416-429) linguistic style in the preadolescent heterosexual • Podesva, “Phonation type as a stylistic variable: The use of marketplace” (pp. 189-195) falsetto in constructing a persona” • Reader: Kitzinger, “‘Speaking as a heterosexual: (How) does sexuality matter for talk-in-interaction?” (pp. 169- Optional reading: 188) • Zimman, “Hegemonic masculinity and the variability of gay-sounding speech” Optional reading: • Campbell-Kibler, “Intersecting variables and perceived • Duggan, “The new homonormativity: The sexual politics of sexual orientation in men” neoliberalism”

Th 10/31 Homophobia WEEK 7: EMBODIMENT (A) Required reading: T 10/15 Sexing and gendering the body * • Baker, “‘Unnatural acts’: Discourses of homosexuality Required reading: within the House of Lords debates on gay male law reform” Zimman & Hall, “Language, embodiment, and the ‘third • • Woolley, “Speech that silences, silences that speak: ‘That’s sex’” so gay,’ ‘that’s so ghetto,’ and safe space in high school” • Gordon & Labotka, “Gendered gestures: An experimental approach to the linguistic embodiment of masculinities” Optional: • Adams-Thies, “Fluid bodies or bodily fluids? Bodily • QP: Armstrong, “Homophobic slang as coercive discourse reconfigurations in cybersex” among college students” (pp. 326-334)

Optional reading: • Motschenbacher, “Speaking the gendered body: The performative construction of commercial femininities and WEEK 10: GENDER NORMATIVITY (A) masculinities via body-part vocabulary” T 10/29 Cisnormativity * Required reading: Th 10/17 Student-led discussion • Speer, “Gatekeeping gender: Some features of the use of hypothetical questions in psychiatric assessment of transsexual patients” F 10/18 Data analysis #2 due • Bershtling, “Speech creates a kind of commitment: Queering Hebrew” (manuscript)

WEEK 8: BREAK Optional reading: Fall Break • Edelman, “Neither ‘in’ nor ‘out’: Taking the ‘T’ out of the closet” (manuscript)

lacandesire.html Th 10/31 Trans* linguistics http://www.lacanonline.com/index/2010/05/what-does- Required reading: lacan-say-about-desire/ • Kulick, “Transgender and language” • Zimman, “Transgender and sociolinguistics” (manuscript) Th 11/14 Desire in context • Valentine, “The categories themselves” Required reading: • Reader: Ahearn, “Writing desire in Nepali love letters” (pp. Optional reading: 258-269) • Hall, “‘Go suck your husband’s sugarcane!’: Hijras and the • Piller & Takahashi, “A passion for English: Desire and the use of sexual insult” language market” • Bagemihl, “Surrogate phonology and transsexual faggotry: A linguistic analogy for uncoupling sexual orientation from gender identity” WEEK 12: SAYING “NO” (B) T 11/19 Consent & refusals Required reading: WEEK 10: IDENTITY (B) • Reader: Ehrlich, “The discursive reconstruction of sexual T 11/5 Identity critiques consent” (pp. 196-214) Required reading: • Reader: Cameron, “Degrees of consent: The Antioch • Reader: Abe, “Lesbian bar talk in Shinjuku, Tokyo” College sexual offense policy” (pp. 215-221) • L&S: Chapter 4 (pp. 74-105) • Reader: Kulick, “No” (pp. 285-293)

Th 11/7 Identity retorts ** Optional reading: Required reading: • Kitzinger & Frith, “Just say no? The use of conversation • Bucholtz & Hall, “Theorizing identity in language and analysis in developing a feminist perspective on sexual sexuality research” refusal” • Barrett, “Models of gay male identity and the marketing of • Clark, “The linguistics of blame: Representations of women ‘gay language’ in foreign-language phrasebooks for gay in The /Sun/'s reporting of crimes of sexual violence” men” Th 11/21 Student-led discussion

WEEK 11: DESIRE (A) F 11/22 Project abstract due T 11/12 Desire * Required reading: • L&S: Chapter 5 (pp. 106-132) & Chapter 6 (pp. 133-155) WEEK 13: LANGUAGE & POLITICAL ECONOMY (A) • Reader: Valentine, “‘I went to bed with my own kind once’: T 11/26 Modernity, nationalism, & neoliberalism The erasure of desire in the name of identity” (pp. 245- Required reading: 257) • Inoue, “Language and gender in an age of neoliberalism” • Gaudio, “White men do it too: Racialized (homo) Optional reading: sexualities in postcolonial Hausaland” (over ) • More on Lacan’s theorization of desire: http://www.cla.purdue.edu/english/theory/psychoanalysis/

• Edelman & Zimman, “Boycunts and bonus holes: Trans men’s bodies, neoliberalism, and the sexual productivity of genitals” WEEK 15: EROTICS T 12/10 The materially and virtually erotic Optional reading: Required reading: • Weiss, “Gay shame and BDSM pride: Neoliberalism, • Jones, “The role of text in televideo cybersex” privacy, and sexual politics” • Leap, “The sex machine, the full body tattoo, and the • Levon, “Dimensions of style: Context, politics and hermaphrodite: Gay sexual cinema, audience reception motivation in gay Israeli speech” and fractal recursivity” (manuscript)

W 11/27 Data analysis #3 due Optional reading: • Barrett, “Viral loads: Barebackers and the language of Th 11/28 No class (Thanksgiving break) (un)safe sexual scripts” (manuscript)

Th 12/12 No class (reading period) WEEK 14: MARKETPLACES & GLOBAL SCALES (B) T 12/3 Marketplaces * Required reading: FINALS WEEK • Hall, “Lip services on the fantasy lines” W 12/17 Final paper due • Reader: Coupland, “Dating advertisements: Discourses of the commodified self” (pp. 101-117) ______Final presentations

Optional reading: • Cameron, “Styling the worker: Gender and the commodification of language in the globalized service economy”

Th 12/5 Globalization & transnationalism * Required reading: • Boellstorff, “‘Authentic, of course!’: Gay language in Indonesia and cultures of belonging” • Besnier, “Crossing , mixing languages: The linguistic construction of transgenderism in Tonga” • Hall, “Boys’ talk: Hindi, moustaches, and masculinity in New Delhi”

Optional reading: • Wong, “Coming-out stories and the ‘gay imaginary’” • Jackson, “Gay adaptation, tom-dee resistance, and kathoey indifference: Thailand’s gender/sex minorities and the episodic allure of queer English” Queer Linguistics Class Bibliography (Spring 2013)

Required reading: 11. Besnier, Niko (2003). Crossing genders, mixing languages: 1. Adams-Thies, Brian (2012). Fluid bodies or bodily fluids: Bodily The linguistic construction of transgenderism in Tonga. In reconfigurations in cybersex. Journal of Language and Janet Holmes & Miriam Meyerhoff (eds.), The Handbook of Sexuality 1(2):179-205. Language and Gender. Malden, MA & Oxford, UK: Blackwell. 2. Armstrong, James (1997). Homophobic slang as coercive 279-301. discourse among college students. In Anna Livia & Kira Hall 12. Bodine, Anne (1975). Androcentrism in prescriptive grammar: (eds.), Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Singular ‘they,’ sex-indefinite ‘he,’ and ‘he or she.’ Language in New York: Oxford University Press. 326-334. Society 4:129-146. 3. Austin, J.L. (1962). How to Do Things with Words. Cambridge, 13. Boellstorff, Tom (2004). “Authentic, of course!”: Gay language MA: Harvard University Press. in Indonesia and cultures of belonging. In William L. Leap & 4. Bagemihl, Bruce (1997). Surrogate phonology and transsexual (eds.), Speaking in Queer Tongues: faggotry: A linguistic analogy for uncoupling sexual orientation Globalization and Gay Language. Urbana and Chicago, IL: from gender identity. In Anna Livia & Kira Hall (eds.), Queerly University of Illinois Press. 181-201. Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. Oxford, UK & New 14. Brown, Penelope (1998[1980]). How and why are women York: Oxford University Press. 380-401. more polite. In Jennifer Coates (ed.), Language and Gender: A 5. Baker, Paul (2004). “Unnatural acts”: Discourses of Reader. Malden, MA: Blackwell. 81-90. homosexuality within the House of Lords debates on gay male 15. Bucholtz, Mary (1999). “Why be normal?”: Language and law reform. Journal of Sociolinguistics 8(1):88-106. identity practices in a community of nerd girls. Language in 6. Barrett, Rusty (1997). The “homo-genius” speech community. Society 28(2):203-223. In Anna Livia & Kira Hall (eds.), Queerly Phrased: Language, 16. Bucholtz, Mary & Kira Hall (2004). Theorizing identity in Gender, and Sexuality. Oxford, UK & New York: Oxford language and sexuality research. Language in Society University Press. 183-201. 33(4):469-515. 7. Barrett, Rusty (2002). Is queer theory important for 17. Butler, Judith (1999[1990]). Conclusion: Feminism and the sociolinguistic theory? In Kathryn Campbell-Kibler, Robert J. subversion of identity. In Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Podesva, Sarah J. Roberts & Andrew Wong (eds.), Language Subversion of Identity. New York: Routledge. 181-190. and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice. 18. Butler, Judith (2004). Gender is burning: Questions of Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 25-43. appropriation and subversion. Bodies that Matter: On the 8. Barrett, Rusty (2003). Models of gay male identity and the Discursive Limits of “Sex.” New York & London: Routledge. marketing of “gay language” in foreign-language phrasebooks 121-140. for gay men. Estudios de Sociolingüística 4(2):533-562. 19. Butler, Judith (1997). Burning acts, injurious speech. In 9. Barrett, Rusty (to appear). “Viral loads: Barebackers and the Excitable Speech: A Politics of the Performative. New York & language of (un)safe sexual scripts” (manuscript) London: Routledge. 43-70. 10. Bershtling, Orit (forthcoming). Speech creates a kind of 20. Cameron, Deborah (2000). Styling the worker: Gender and the commitment: Queering Hebrew. To appear in Lal Zimman, commodification of language in the globalized service Jenny Davis, and Joshua Raclaw (eds.), Queer Excursions: economy. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4(3):323-347. Retheorizing Binaries in Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press.

21. Campbell-Kibler, Kathryn (2011). Intersecting variables and Gender, and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press. perceived sexual orientation in men. American Speech 416-429. 86(1):52-68. 32. Gaudio, Rudolf P. (2001). White men do it too: Racialized 22. Clark, Kate (1998). The linguistics of blame: Representations (homo) sexualities in postcolonial Hausaland. Journal of of women in The /Sun/’s reporting of crimes of sexual 11(1):36-51. violence. In Deborah Cameron (ed.), The Feminist Critique of 33. Gaudio, Rudolf P. (forthcoming). Acting like women, acted Language: A Reader. New York: Routledge. 183-197. upon: Gender and agency in Hausa sexual narratives. To 23. Duggan, Lisa (2002). “The new homonormativity: The sexual appear in Lal Zimman, Jenny Davis, and Joshua Raclaw (eds.), politics of neoliberalism.” In Russ Castronovo & Dana D. Queer Excursions: Retheorizing Binaries in Language, Gender, Nelson (eds.), Materializing Democracy: Toward a Revitalized and Sexuality. New York: Oxford University Press. Cultural Politics. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 175-194. 34. Gordon, Bryan & Lori Labotka (2009). Gendered gestures: An 24. Eckert, Penelope (2002). Demystifying sexuality and desire. In experimental approach to the linguistic embodiment of Kathryn Campbell-Kibler, Robert J. Podesva, Sarah J. Roberts masculinities. Texas Linguistic Forum 53:62-71. & Andrew Wong (eds.), Language and Sexuality: Contesting 35. Hall, Kira (1995). Lip service on the fantasy lines. In Kira Hall Meaning in Theory and Practice. Stanford, CA: CSLI & (eds.), Gender Articulated: Language and the Publications. 99-110. Socially Constructed Self. New York: Routledge. 183-216. 25. Edelman, Elijah Adiv (forthcoming). Neither “in” nor “out”: 36. Hall, Kira (1997). “Go suck your husband’s sugarcane!”: Hijras Taking the “T” out of the closet. To appear in Lal Zimman, and the use of sexual insult. In Anna Livia & Kira Hall (eds.), Jenny Davis, and Joshua Raclaw (eds.), Queer Excursions: Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New York: Retheorizing Binaries in Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New Oxford University Press. 430-460. York: Oxford University Press. 37. Hall, Kira (2003). Exceptional speakers: Contested and 26. Edelman, Elijah Adiv & Lal Zimman (forthcoming). Boycunts problematized gender identities. In Janet Holmes & Miriam and bonus holes: Trans men’s bodies, neoliberalism, and the Meyerhoff (eds.), The Handbook of Language and Gender. sexual productivity of genitals. To appear in Journal of Malden, MA & Oxford, UK: Blackwell. 353-380. Homosexuality, special issue, Carla A. Pfeffer (ed.), Trans 38. Hall, Kira (2005). Intertextual sexuality: Parodies of class, Sexualities. identity, and desire in liminal Delhi. Journal of Linguistic 27. Eckert, Penelope & Sally McConnell-Ginet (2007). Putting Anthropology 15(1):125-144. communities of practice in their place. Gender and Language 39. Hall, Kira (2009). Boys’ talk: Hindi, moustaches, and 1(1):27-37. masculinity in New Delhi. In Pia Pichler and Eva Eppler (eds.), 28. Eckert, Penelope & Sally McConnell-Ginet (2013). An Gender and Spoken Interaction. Houndmills, Basingstoke: introduction to gender. In Language and Gender, 2nd ed. New Palgrave Macmillan. 139-162. York: Cambridge University Press. 1-36. 40. Hines, Caitlin (1999). Rebaking the pie: The WOMAN AS 29. Gagné, Isaac (2008). Urban princesses: Performance and DESSERT metaphor. In Mary Bucholtz (ed.), Reinventing ‘women’s language’ in Japan’s Gothic/Lolita subculture. Journal Identities: The Gendered Self in Discourse. Oxford, UK & New of Linguistic Anthropology 18(1):130-150. York: Oxford University Press. 145-162. 30. Gal, Susan (1995). Lanugage, gender, and power: An 41. hooks, bell (1992). Is Paris burning? Black Looks: Race and anthropological review. In Kira Hall & Mary Bucholtz (eds.), Representation. Boston, MA: South End Press. 145-156. Gender Articulated: Language and the Socially Constructed 42. Inoue, Miyako (2007). Language and gender in an age of Self. New York: Routledge. 169-182. neoliberalism. Gender & Language 1(1):79-91. 31. Gaudio, Rudolf P. (1997). Not talking straight in Hausa. In 43. Jackson, Peter A. (2003). Gay adaption, tom-dee resistance, Anna Livia & Kira Hall (eds.), Queerly Phrased: Language, and kathoey indifference: Thailand’s gender/sex minorities and the episodic allure of queer English. In William L. Leap & Tom

Boellstorff (eds.), Speaking in Queer Tongues: Globalization 55. Livia, Anna (2002). The future of queer linguistics. In Kathryn and Gay Language. Urbana & Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Campbell-Kibler, Robert J. Podesva, Sarah J. Roberts & Andrew Press. 202-230. Wong (eds.), Language and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in 44. Johnson, E. Patrick (2003). Mother knows best: Black gay Theory and Practice. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 87-97. vernacular and transgressive domestic space. In William L. 56. Livia, Anna & Kira Hall (1997). “It’s a girl!” Bringing Leap & Tom Boellstorff (eds.), Speaking in Queer Tongues: performativity back to linguistics. In Anna Livia & Kira Hall Globalization and Gay Language. Urbana & Chicago, IL: (eds.), Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. University of Illinois Press. 251-278. Oxford, UK & New York: Oxford University Press. 3-18. 45. Jones, Rodney H. (2008). The role of text in televideo 57. McConnell-Ginet, Sally (2002). “Queering” semantics: cybersex. Text & Talk 28(4):453-473. Definitional struggles. In Kathryn Campbell-Kibler, Robert J. 46. Kang, Yoonhee (2003). The desire to be desired: Magic spells, Podesva, Sarah J. Roberts & Andrew Wong (eds.), Language agency, and the politics of desire among the Petalangan people and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice. in Indonesia. Language & Communication 23(2):153-167. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 137-160. 47. Kitzinger, Celia & Hannah Frith (1999). Just say no? The use of 58. McElhinny, Bonnie (2002). Language, sexuality, and political conversation analysis in developing a feminist perspective on economy. In Kathryn Campbell-Kibler, Robert J. Podesva, sexual refusal. Discourse & Society 10(3):293-316. Sarah J. Roberts & Andrew Wong (eds.), Language and 48. Kulick, Don (2002). Queer linguistics? In Kathryn Campbell- Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice. Kibler, Robert J. Podesva, Sarah J. Roberts & Andrew Wong Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 111-134. (eds.), Language and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory 59. Motschenbacher, Heiko (2009). Speaking the gendered body: and Practice. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 65-68. The performative construction of commercial femininities and 49. Kulick, Don (1999). Transgender and language. GLQ: A Journal masculinities via body-part vocabulary. Language in Society of Lesbian and Gay Studies 5(4):605-622. 38(1):1-22. 50. Lakoff, Robin (1973). Language and woman's place. Language 60. Ochs, Elinor (1992). Indexing gender. In A. Duranti and C. in Society 2(1):45-80. Goodwin (eds.) Rethinking context: Language as an interactive 51. Leap, Bill (2002). Not entirely in support of a queer linguistics. phenomenon. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 335- In Kathryn Campbell-Kibler, Robert J. Podesva, Sarah J. 358. Roberts & Andrew Wong (eds.), Language and Sexuality: 61. Piller, Ingrid & Kimie Takahashi (2006). A passion for English: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice. Stanford, CA: CSLI Desire and the language market. In Aneta Pavlenko (ed.), Publications. 45-63. Bilingual Minds: Emotional Experience, Expression and 52. Leap, William (forthcoming). The sex machine, the full body Representation. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 59-83. tattoo, and the hermaphrodite: Gay sexual cinema, audience 62. Podesva, Robert (2007). Phonation type as a stylistic variable: reception and fractal recursivity. To appear in Lal Zimman, The use of falsetto in constructing a persona. Journal of Jenny Davis, and Joshua Raclaw (eds.), Queer Excursions: Sociolinguistics 11: 478-504. Retheorizing Binaries in Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New 63. Queen, Robin (2002). A matter of interpretation: The “future” York: Oxford University Press. of “queer linguistics.” In Kathryn Campbell-Kibler, Robert J. 53. Levon, Erez (2009). Dimensions of style: Context, politics and Podesva, Sarah J. Roberts & Andrew Wong (eds.), Language motivation in gay Israeli speech. Journal of Sociolinguistics and Sexuality: Contesting Meaning in Theory and Practice. 13(1):29-58. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications. 69-86. 54. Livia, Anna (1997). Disloyal to masculinity: Linguistic gender 64. Speer, Susan A. & Ceri Parsons (2006). Gatekeeping gender: and liminal identity in French. In Anna Livia & Kira Hall (eds.), some features of the use of hypothetical questions in the Queerly Phrased: Language, Gender, and Sexuality. New York: psychiatric assessment of transsexual patients. Discourse & Oxford University Press. 349-368. Society 17(6):785-812.

65. Tannen, Deborah (1998). Talk in the intimate relationship: His and hers. In Jennifer Coates (ed.), Language and Gender: A Reader. Malden, MA & Oxford, UK: Blackwell. 435-445. 66. Valentine, David (2004). The categories themselves. GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies 10(2):215-220. 67. Weiss, Margot D. (2008). Gay shame and BDSM pride: Neoliberalism, privacy, and sexual politics. Radical History Review 100(1):87-101. 68. Wong, Andrew D. (2005). The reappropriation of tongzhi. Language in Society 34(5):763-793. 69. Woolley, Susan W. (2013). Speech that silences, silences that speak: “That’s so gay,” “that’s so ghetto,” and safe space in high school. Journal of Language and Sexuality 2(2):292-319. 70. Wong, Andrew (2009). Coming-out stories and the “gay imaginary.” Sociolinguistic Studies 3(1):1-36. 71. Zeve, Barry (1993). The queen’s English: Metaphor in gay speech. English Today 35, 9(3):3-9. 72. Zimman, Lal (2013). Hegemonic masculinity and the variability of gay-sounding speech: The perceived sexuality of transgender men. Journal of Language and Sexuality 2(1):1- 39. 73. Zimman, Lal & Kira Hall (2009). Language, embodiment, and the “third sex.” In Dominic Watt and Carmen Llamas (eds.), Language and Identities. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 166-178. 74. Zimman, Lal (2013). “Transgender and sociolinguistics” (manuscript).