Available Online at http://www.recentscientific.com International Journal of CODEN: IJRSFP (USA) Recent Scientific

International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(B), pp. 36371-36374, December, 2019 ISSN: 0976-3031 DOI: 10.24327/IJRSR Research Article

SURVEY OF RURAL COMMUNITIES OF DISTRICT AGAINST VARIOUS HUMAN DISEASES CURED BY REMEDIAL PLANTS

Singh N.K1 and Tripathi R.B2

1Department of Botany, M.L.K.P.G. College Balrampur (U.P.), 2Department of Zoology, M.L.K.P.G. College Balrampur (U.P.), India

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1012.4909

ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT

Article History: An ethnobotanical survey was undertaken to collect information from traditional healers on the use of remedial plants in rural communities of district Bahraich Uttar Pradesh. The indigenous Received 6th September, 2019 th knowledge of traditional healers about plants used for medicinal purposes was collected through Received in revised form 15 personal interviews during field trips. October, 2019 The investigation revealed that the 14 blocks rural area were found to use35 medicinal plants and 25 Accepted 12th November, 2019 th families to treat various diseases. The documented medicinal plants were mostly used to cure Published online 28 December, 2019 asthma, bronchitis, piles, thyroid, jaundice, diabetes, diarrhoea, fever, digestive problems, skin diseases, cancer, small pox etc.. Key Words: The study revealed that many people in the studied parts of Payagpur, Nanpara, Mihinpurwa,

Remedial plants, traditional knowledge and Mahasi, Bahraich and Kaisarganj tehsils still continued to depend on medicinal plants at least for the rural communities of Bahraich. treatment of primary health care. The traditional healers were dwinding in number and there was a grave danger of traditional knowledge disappearing soon since the younger generation was not interested to carry on this tradition .

Copyright © Singh N.K and Tripathi R.B, 2019, this is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative

Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the

original work is properly cited.

INTRODUCTION without a look at the role of plants. Ethnobotany is the study of how people of a particular culture and region make of use of The Man has dependent on nature, particularly on the plants for indigenous plants. Ethnobotanists explore how plants are used its substances and survival since his existence on earth. In for such things as food, shelter, medicine, clothing, hunting and ancient times, he knew how to relieve his suffering by using the religious ceremonies. Ethnobotany has its roots in botany, the plants growing around him. The civilizations records show that study of plants. Botany in turn originated in part from an a number of drugs used today were already in use during interest in finding plants to help fight illness. In fact, medicines ancient times. It's credit goes to Indian Rishies and Physicians and botany have always had close ties. Ethnobotanists are who were acquainted with a large number of medicinal plants usually botanists or biologists with additional graduate training compared to other countries in the world. In recent years, in such areas as archeology, chemistry, ecology, anthropology, efforts to record ethnomedicinal uses of plants from amongst linguistics, history, pharmacology, sociology, religion and the native of various countries have received close attention of mythology. First of all researchers collect detailed knowledge scientists (Jain,1981, Jain 1991, Pandey et. al. 1981, Singh et. about the local indigenous people and prepare a regional study al. 1984, Singh 1986, Brahman and Saxena 1989, Singh and on the epidemiology, traditional medicine, culture and ecology Khan 1989, Malkhuri et. al. 1998, Yadav and Patel 2001 of the people and their environment. The interviewing process Kathikeyani 2003 and Yadav et.al. 2003). There are numerous is conducted very carefully. A translator for the local language medicinal plants in the vegetation of district Bahraich (U.P.) is usually necessary to conduct this phase. Ethnobotany as a which are used in curing various ailments. The people of this field is on the rise. Ethnobotany issues are the focus of much district have deep belief in their native folklore medicine for public attention. The future looks promising for these dedicated remedies and they rely on their own herbal cure in contrast to scientists in a fascinating and vital field of research. Traditional the modern medicine. Since the beginning of civilization, knowledge of the medicinal plants that are use by native people have used plants as medicine. Perhaps as early as peoples, Hakims, Vaidhyas in rural area of district Bahraich Neanderthal man, plants were believed to have healing powers. (U.P.), India. A discussion of human on this planet would not be complete

*Corresponding author: Singh N.K Department of Botany, M.L.K.P.G. College Balrampur (U.P.), India Singh N.K and Tripathi R.B., Survey of Rural Communities of Uttar Pradesh Against Various Human Diseases Cured by Remedial Plants

The present work deals with the traditional use of remedial Balrampur (U.P.), India and the specimens have been identified plants as medicines for treatment of various human diseases in using relevant floras and standard literatures (Kanjilal et. al. rural communities of Bahraich district (U.P.), India. 1982, Hooker 1989, Rao 1994 and Gaur 1999). The respondent were selected randomly and prior informed consent was MATERIALS AND METHODS obtained from each respondent to get traditional knowledge of the plants. A detail of plants are mentioned in Table -1. The study was conducted in rural communities of district Bahraich. District Bahraich is located between 8. 24 and 27.4 latitude and 81.65 and 81.3 east longitude. Bahraich district is sharing border with Nepal district Bardiya to north-west and Banke to the north- east. The rest of Bahraich is surrounded by other districts in Uttar Pradesh: Lakhimpur and Sitapur on the west, Hardoi to the south - west, Gonda to the south-east and Shravasti to the east. Bahraich district occupies an area of approximately 4696. 8 square Kilometers. This district belongs to hindi belt of (U.P.), India. It is located 125 Km. (78 miles) north-east of state capital . Bahraich district population is 34,87731. Bahraich district is one of the district of the Uttar Pradesh state of India and It is a part of Devipatan Division. Bahraich district is divided in to 14 blocks, 6 Tehsils and 1387 Villages (Map-1 , 2 & 3).

Map 2 Location of study area in Uttar Pradesh, India

Map 1 Location of study area in India

The work was undertaken through field study carried out throughout the seasons of June 2017 to September 2019 in various rural communities of Bahraich district. First hand information about the folk medicinal uses of plants was collected from the traditional healers, Vaidhyas, Hakims, Tribes and old rural peoples. The age of the respondents ranges between 40 to 75 years and the number of male respondents was higher 70% as compared to the female respondents 30%. Most of the informants were reluctant to reveal any information but a few consented for collection from the forest and for the Map 3 Location of study area in Bahraich district rural area interviews. The plants sample were collected and processed following the routine method of plants collection and herbarium technique (Jain and Rao, 1977). Plants have been identified in Plant Pathology Lab M.L.K.P.G.College 36372 | P a g e International Journal of Recent Scientific Research Vol. 10, Issue, 12(B), pp. 36371-36374, December, 2019

Table 1 List of remedial plants pecies reported from rural RESULTS AND DISCUSSION communities of district Bahraich (U.P.), India The increase demand of medicinal plants have resulted in the Local S.N. Botanical Name Family Folk Medicinal uses Name dwelling of the natural resources mainly for the the Bark of babul is boiled in water and made in to 1 Acacia nilotica Babul deforestation and other anthropogenic influence. The local uses Fabaceae decoction . It is taken twice a day in the dose of 5-6

ml for a week to cure bronchitis . of plants as a cure are common particularly in those areas, Adhatoda vasica A decoction of the bark is given in dose of 20 ml 2 Adusa Acanthaceae twice a day for 2-3 days to cure cough and cold . which have little or modern acess to modern health services. 3 Allium cepa Pyaz Liliaceae Onion bulb to cure piles diseases The indigenous traditional knowledge of medicinal plants of An infusion of leaves of Aloe is given twice a day 4 Aloe barbadensis Gheekumari Aloeaceae in the treatment of thyroid disease and Piles . various ethnic communities, where it has been transmitted Aqueous extract of its bark latex is used in Alstonia scholaris tuberculosis and milky viscous & white sap of the orally for centuries is fast disappearing due to the advent of 5 Chitvan Apocynaceae plant mixed with water is taken in cough & modern technology and transformation of traditional culture. gonorrhoea . Amaranthus Kantachauli Root paste is used as an external application to cure Therefore, the collection of information about natural flora, 6 spinosus Amaranthaceae scabies . classification, management and use of plants by the people Annonaceae Dry leave powder is used in the treatment of 7 Annona squamosa Sharifa holds importance among the ethnobotanists. The present study jaundice and diabetes diseases . Leaf powder to cure jaundice and diabetes diseases 8 Azadirachta indica Neem Maliaceae has resulted in the documentation of 35 medicinal plant species . Bacopa monnieri Boiled plant is placed on the chest in acute belonging to the 25 families, which have been presented in the 9 Brahmi Scrophulariaceae bronchitis & other coughs of childrens . table: 1. Botanical names of medicinal plants, enumerated Calotropis gigantia Madaar Its flowers in powder form & used in asthma 10 Apocynaceae ,colds&coughs. alphabetically, local name, families and folk medicinal uses. The leaves boiled in castor oil are applied in Cardio spermum 11 Kanphuti Sapindaceae rheumatic pains , swellings and tumours by the

native people. Altogether 35 types of medicinal plants have been reported to Cassia occidentalis Leaf is used to cure diarrhoea , dysentery , 12 Kasondi Fabaceae be cured by using these medicinal plant species among the constipation and cancer . Cissampelos pareira Root powder about 10 gm along with curd is taken human populace of this district. Most common diseases 13 Akanadi Menispermaceae twice a day for two days to cure diarrhoea . Cleome gynandra The juice of the leaves is beneficial in otalgia & observed among thehuman populace are asthma, bronchitis, 14 Aajgandha Cleomaceae convulsions . piles, thyroid, jaundice, diabetes, fever, digestive problems, Clitoria ternatea juice of root in the dose of 5 gm is given in chronic 15 Gokarni Fabaceae bronchitis . dysentery, constipation, ring worms, skin diseases, Coccinia grandis 16 Kundru Cucurbitaceae The juice of its leaves & roots is given in diabetes . cancer,dandruff, small pox and migraine attack. The penology A decoction of its bark is useful in dyspepsia & 17 Cordia dichotoma Lasora Boraginaceae of the medicinal plants specially flowering and fruiting time are fever. Its seeds are boiled and tied over stomach in of great importance as it will either assist a layman to identify Cuscuta reflexa 18 Amarbel Cuscutaceae belching & in pain of stomach due to digestive

problem & gastric troubles . the medicinal plants in field in their specific month or forest Cymbopogon A paste of the leaves made with butter milk is 19 Lemongrass Poaceae wildlife manager in their efforts for the conservation of the citratus applied on ring worm . The paste of the fresh roots of doob ghas & kans in plant wealth in the area. Similar works have also been obtained Cynodon dactylon Poaceae the dose of 5 gm is given with cow milk & sugar 20 Doob ghas early in the morning for one month , to cure by researchers Chopra et. al. (1956), Jain (1991), Bhat (2002), leucorrhoea . Mukherjee and Wahil (2006), Shalu Chaudhary (2011) and Rhizome made in to paste with water and applied 21 Cyperus rotundus Motha Cyperaceae externally to cure skin diseases . Singh and Tripathi (2019). Dalbergia sissoo Fabaceae In acute dysentery 5- 6 green leaves of it are mixed 22 Shisham with mint and given two times a day for three days . Datura metal The juice of the fruits is used in dressing for the CONCLUSION 23 Dhatura Solanaceae scalp to check dandruff . A powder of its fruits in shade is prepared ,which is The study indicates that traditional health care system is an age 24 Ficus benghalensis Bargad Moraceae taken with honey in the morning & evening for a week in spermatorrhoea . old practice in this area. This system of ethnic communities is The small blister like galls common on the leaves Ficus racemosa 25 Gular Moraceae are soaked in milk and mixed with honey are given conservation oriented and has a great potential. This system

to prevent small pox . needs to be thoroughly studied and documented. Traditional Thick paste of curd and boiled rice is applied over Ficus religiosa 26 Peepal Moraceae the dorsal surface of leaf of pipal & is tied over the knowledge is transmitted from one generation to another. Study

affected part daily till abscess is cured . Lawsonia inermis suggests an effective coordination for strengthening medicinal 27 Mehndi Lythraceae The leaf decoction is given in jundice . plants sector in district Bahraich. This could only be achieved Mangifera indica A powder of the tender leaves is given in diarrhoea 28 Aam Anacardiaceae . by pooling conservation, biodiversity and health care system The leaf of juice of it arni ( clerodendrum inerne ) is mixed in equal quantities with 1gm kapoor. This together by involving the government, NGO's and research 29 Ocimum canum Kala Tulsi Lamiaceae is applied on the nostrils and inhaled during organizations. Collaborative research and integrated efforts are migraine attack. 30 Ocimum sanctum Krishna Tulsi Lamiaceae A decoction of the root is given in malarial fever . required to preserve the knowledge of indigenous people of Its leaf is tied over the injured part and its 2-3 Ricinus communis leaves are applied with castor oil and tied over the traditional health care. 31 Arandi Euphorbiaceae head before shivering starts . This is claimed to cure malaria . Saraca asoca A decoction of its bark in milk is given during the References

32 Ashok Fabaceae course of the days in menorrhagia from the fourth day of the menstrual cycle . 1. Bhat, D.C. (2002): Studies on the some ethnobotanical First til oil is applied over the bruises and this is followed by spray of dry powder of ginger plants from Saurashtra. In: Ethnobotany, edited by P.C. 33 Sesamum indicum Til Pedaliaceae (Zingiber officinale) & ash of young leaves of Trivedi (Aavishkar Publisher and distributors, Jaipur): madar .Usually bandage is applied till bruises are cured . 119 - 127. The seeds are eaten by local folks to control 34 Syzygium cumini Jamun Myrtaceae diabetes . 2. Brahman, M. and Saxena, H.O. (1989): Ethnobotany of Gently warmed root , paste is applied on the back Gandhamaradan Hills - some noteworthy, medicinal Tephrosia purpurea Fabaceae of ear . The root extract one teaspoonful once a day 35 Sharpunkha along with seed paste is given for 15 days in uses. Int. Conf. Rec. Adv. Med. From and Spermatorrhoea . spice,crop,New Delhi (Abst.). 3. Chopra, R.N., Nayar,S.L. and Chopra, J.C. (1956): Glossary of Indian medicinal plants (Publication and information directorate, NewDelhi).

36373 | P a g e Singh N.K and Tripathi R.B., Survey of Rural Communities of Bahraich District Uttar Pradesh Against Various Human Diseases Cured by Remedial Plants

4. Gaur,R. D. (1999): Flora of the district Garhwal,N.W. 15. Singh, V.K. (1986): Selected Indian folk claims for the Himalaya (with ethnobotanical notes). Transmedia, cure of bronchial asthma. J. Res. Ed. Ind. Med. 384: 37 - Srinagar, Garhwal. 43. 5. Hooker,J.D. (1989): The flora of British India. Vol. 1-7 16. Singh, V. K. and Abrar M. Khan (1989): Use of folk London L. Reeve. and Co.. medicines in the context of primary health care 6. Jain,S.K. and Rao,R.R. (1977): A hand book of field and programme in North India: Liver disorders. Int.Conf. herbarium methods New Delhi. Todays and tomorrow Rec. Adv.Med. Aroma and spice crops New Delhi printers and Publishers. (Abst. -68). 7. Jain,S. K. (1981): Glimpses of Indian Ethnobotany (Ed.) 17. Singh,A. and Singh P.K. (2009): An ethnobotanical Oxford and I B H Publishing Co. New Delhi. study of medicinal plants in Chandauli of Uttar Pradesh, 8. Jain, S.K. (1991): Dictionary of Indian folk medicine India. J. Ethnopharmacol., 121 (2): 324 - 329. and ethnobotany. Deep publication, New Delhi. 18. Singh,N.K. and Tripathi,R.B. (2019): Ethnobotanical 9. Kanjilal, U. N., Kanjilal, P. C. and Das, A. (1982): Flora survey of medicinalplants used for treatment of Urinary of Assam Vol. 1, V. Taj. Offset Press,Delhi, India. tract and Kidney stone in rural area of district Balrampur 10. Kathikeyani, T. P. (2003): Ethnobotanical studies among (U. P.),India. Int. J. Recent Sci. Res. 10 (9): 34684- yanandis of Sathyavedu Mandal, Chittor district, Andhra 34686. Pradesh, Plant Archive, 3 (1): 21-27. 19. Yadav,S.S. and Patel, H. S. (2001): Traditional 11. Mukherjee, P.K. and Wahil, A. (2006): Integrated medicines and health care system of Tribals of Satpuda approaches towards drugs development from Ayurved region, Maharastra state. Plant Archives. 1: 111-118. and other systems of medicine. J. Ethnopharmacol., 103: 20. Yadav, J. P. and Suresh Kumar (2003): Folk medicinal 25 - 35. uses of some indigenous plants among the people of 12. Rao, R. R. (1994): Biodiversity in India, Bishen Singh, Mahendergarh district Haryana, India.Plant Archives , 3: Mahendra Pal Singh Dehradun,PP. 1 - 315. 37 - 42. 13. Shalu Chaudhary (2011): Medicinal plants of district Bijnor (U. P.),India with special reference to their folk medicinal uses. J. Experimental Science 2 (4): 19 - 23. 14. Singh,V.K.,Mohd. A. and Abrar,M. Khan (1984): Folk medicinal claims of Chakrata forests, Uttar Pradesh, India, J.P.I. Nature 1 (2): 16 - 21.

How to cite this article:

Singh N.K and Tripathi R.B. 2019, Survey of Rural Communities of Bahraich District Uttar Pradesh Against Various Human Diseases Cured by Remedial Plants. Int J Recent Sci Res. 10(12), pp. 36371-36374. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24327/ijrsr.2019.1012.4909

*******

36374 | P a g e