Improving the Performance of Query Processing and Pre-Fetching From

www.ijrasb.com ISSN (ONLINE): 2349-8889

Volume-3, Issue-5, September 2016 International Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Page Number: 7-10

Some Unrecorded Wild Mushroom of Different Forest Regions

D. N. Chaudhari1, Sachini Zalkar2 1, 2 Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, School Of Biotechnology, East Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT However, the food value and acceptance of these edible Several edible fleshy fungi grow wild in Eastern fungi by the scientific and civilized world have not been Uttar Pradesh forest during the rainy season on dead and recognized. These edible fungi are more important for a decaying plant or animal remains. Local tribes collect a tropical / subtropical country like India, which has a number of mushrooms and eat during rainy season. The climate, most congenial for the natural growth of such traditional identification knowledge among the tribes are fungi. (Purkayastha and Chandra 1985). followed from generation to generation. The bio-diversity in The scope is limitless and this is high time to the mushrooms is least documented in India. The germ plasm survey, collect, conserve, record and identifies the collection of such mushrooms is very poor. These fleshy fungi are obviously nontoxic as these have been intimate human biodiversity in general and fungal diversity in particular as consumption since antiquity. However there are only few no one knows when and how some these valuable forms species of fleshy fungi which have been accepted as safe food might be lost for forever. A systematic study of the edible by the civilized world, while many fleshy fungi have not yet fleshy fungi will explore the possibility for the scientific recognized. Field survey was conducted for collection of cultivation of the fungi in the tribal area for their various edible fleshy fungi from different localities of the nutritional security. This may be also helpful in the Eastern Uttar Pradesh forest. The collected edible fleshy upliftment of the forest dwellers and tribes depending on fungi were studied for their macroscopic detail partening the forest produces. habit, habitat, morphology and other phenotypic parameter noted in fresh form.

Keywords— Edible fleshy fungi, collection, identification, II. MATERIALS AND METHODS morphology . Field survey was conducted for collection of various fleshy fungi from different localities of the Gorakhpur, Vindhyachal, Chunar, and Varanasi. The I. INTRODUCTION collected fleshy fungi were studied for their macroscopic detail partening the habit, habitate, morphology and other Wild, edible mushrooms are the special forest phenotypic parameter noted in fresh form. Standard products. The use of wild mushrooms for food in all methods of collection, preservation, macroscopic and probability began with the prehistoric man. During the microscopic observations were recorded. Colour terms and long period human as a hunter gathered the fungi of the notations are from Maerz and Paul 1930. parts of each forest that has served as important sources of nourishment. collection was preserved as wet form in FAA solution in Mushrooms have been found in fossilized wood that are glass jars and dried specimens in the mushroom spawn estimated to be 300 million years old and almost certainly, laboratory Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras prehistoric man has used mushroom collected in the wild Hindu University. Crystal of 1,4-dichlorobenzene were as food There are many edible i.e. volvarias, polypore and used to protect dried specimens against insect infestation. tubers fungi that used ethno botanical food by the tribal of Some collected edible fleshy fungi were also cultured and forest regions of India and Nepal. These fungi are maintained for further studied. obviously non toxic as these have been in intimate human consumption by native and tribal, since antiquity (Pandey and Srivastava, 1994). These are invariably high protein III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION rich and have been considered as potential source of Collection Examined No. 1 (Agaricus bisporus) Fleshy proteins, amino acids, vitamins and minerals. Besides, they fungus was grown on dead bark of mango tree on the are valued for food and medicinal properties by people. ground vegetation. Cap thick, conic at first then button 7 Copyright © 2017. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.

www.ijrasb.com ISSN (ONLINE): 2349-8889 shaped, at first still pressed against the stem, stalk hollow gram in bunches tough, brittle breaking with a sharp gills attached by their entire width to the stalk cap. 1-2 cm, wide hemispherical to Collection Examined No. 4 (Ganoderma sp.) convex, usually with a broad umbo, white when young dull Basidiocarps emerged on stumps, logs and living brown when old, outer skin sticky, tough easily stripped of hardwood, cap slightly convex to flat creamy white the entire cap in one piece, margin striate. Flash white, margin, yellowish ring made in middle and orange in about 1-2 mm thick at the stalk, disappearing near the center and sticky, stem present with totally jointed cap. margin Gills 15-20 per cm at the margin, 3-4mm wide. cap. 2-4 cm, wide hemispherical to convex, stalk 2-3cm Stalk 5-6cm long, 1-2cm thick, the base occasionally large short dark orange 1-2cm. thick average weight of single slightly. Annulus white, thick single and some time fruit body was 20 gram. disappearing. In dense clumps of 10-50 or more on rotten logs and dead tress of deciduous species. Collection Examined No. 5 (Ganoderma sp.) Fruit body was emerged on stumps, logs and Collection Examined No. 2 (Armillaria ponderosa) living hardwood, cap slightly convex to flat reddish It was found in groups on the ground in margin, orange and dark reddish in center with roughness, deciduous or mixed tree leaved. Cap 3-4cm. wide at first stem present with one side jointed cap. stalk 2-3cm short spherical or 3-4cm in diameter oval shaped later the reddish 1-2cm. thick cap. 4-8 cm, wide hemispherical to margin up raised to that the cap is broad convex to convex and average weight of single fruit body was 70 umbonate, surface shin milky white often with glassy gram. The present investigations are agrees well with the shining, flesh 2-3cm thick. White firm, Gills 12-16 per cm description given some researchers like Atri and Kaur at the margin 1-2mm wide, stalk 4-6cm long milky white (2005) who has collected from different localities of north 1-1.5cm. Thick cylindrical or tapering downward eastern Punjab three mushrooms belonging to family maximum weight of single fruit body was 15 gram. Pluteaceae (Pluteus umbrosus, Volvariella cubensis and V. surrecta . They have illustrated and described for first time Collection Examined No. 3 (Hypomyces lactiflies) from India. Pradeep and Vrinda (2005) have also collected This Pleurotus like fleshy fungus was grown on and studies using taxonomic descriptors of four species of dead part of plant decorticated wood and cellulosic Pluteus from western Ghat of Kerela, India. Upadhyay and materials. They are resupenate, lichenoid, dry and spongy kaur (2003) have recorded and described five species of later refused reflexed composed of a basal layer of hyphae, Agaricus viz; Agrocybe putaminum, Entoloma coneri, from which arise pillors layers. Basidiocarp was white at Phaeocollybia latispora, Melanoleuca tristis and Collybia younger stage which changed in to brownish with the age butyracea for the first time from India. furred fleshy texture. Stalk 6-10cm long, 4-10mm thick average weight of single fruit body was 20 gram and 250

Collection No. 1

Collection No. 2

Ram Et Al.: Morphological Characterization Of Edible Fleshy Fungi From Different Forest Regions

Collection No. 3 Collection No. 5

Collection No. 4

www.ijrasb.com ISSN (ONLINE): 2349-8889

Morphological characterization of edible fleshy fungi from different forest regions

Particular Collection No- 1 Collection No- 2 Collection No- 3 Collection No- Collection No- 4 5 Locality Chunar Mirzapur Sonebhadra B.H.U Campus Chandauli Adalpura Mirzapur State U.P. U.P. U.P. U.P. U.P. Habitat On bark wood of On humus On wood On wood On wood mango tree Type of soil - Clay loom Clay loom Loom Loom Forest type Mixed Leaved Mixed Leaved Leaved Size of the 5-6x6-8 cm 5-7 x 4-6cm. 8-11x7-15cm. 2-4x3-4 cm 2-4x4-10 cm fructification Carpophore Thick button umbrella shape oyster shape Thick, Hard Thick, Hard Shape shaped oval Heart Umbo Present/convex Present/convex well Present/oyster Absent Absent well shaped Shaped Shaped Scale White White Brown Absent Absent The Gills Present Present Present Absent Absent Colour (Young) Furry white White Brown Absent Absent Colour (Mature) Milky white White Creamy Absent Absent Gills edges Smooth Smooth Smooth Absent Absent Stipes Present Present Present Present Present Length 5-6 cm 4-6cm. 6-10cm. 2-3cm 2-3cm Width 1-2 cm 1-1.5cm. 5-10mm. 1-2cm. 1-2cm. Color White White Dirty to brown Dark orange Reddish Shape Clubbed Clubbed Slender, tapering Thick and Thick and to down ward Broad Broad Type of vail Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Annuls Single Single Absent Absent Absent (Position) Volva Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent Similarities with Agaricus bisporus. Armillaria Hypomyces Ganoderma sp. Ganoderma sp. Ponderosa Lactiflies

REFERENCES Mushroom Research, 12 (1): 9-14.

[1]Atri N. S. and Kaur H.; 2005. Some unrecorded wild mushroom of Punjab, India. Mushroom Research,14 (2); 56-59. [2]Maerz A and Paul M R.; 1930. A dictionary of colour. MC Graw Hill Book Company Inc. London: 207. [3]Pandey V.N. and Srivastava A.K.;1994. Fleshy fungi of ethno botanical food use in North Eastern Tarai region of Uttar Pradesh. Proc. National Symposium on Mushroom, NRCM-Solan:3. [4]Pradeep C. K. and Vrinda K. B.; 2005. New addition to the genus Pluteus fron India. Mushroom Research, 14(2) : 46-49. [5]Purkayastha R.P. and Candra A.; 1985 Manual of Indian Edible Mushroom. Today and Tomorrow Printer and Publisher, New Delhi: 266. [6]Upadhyay R. C. and Kaur A.; 2003 New addition to the indian fleshy fungi from North Western Himalaya. 10 Copyright © 2017. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved.