WIND ENERGY

is now present in the three largest markets. The compa- ny is naturally profi ting especially strongly from the on- Market overview going boom in its home country. The German company is concentrating on technology, and its transmissionless is an un mistakeable product, which has come to be much in of wind turbines de mand even outside Germany. To the surprise of many experts, Enercon last year proved that this transmission- less technology can also be used for 6 MW of power. The growing world market is bringing lots of diversity This sets the company up well for doing off shore busi- ness too. with it. Small manufacturers are looking for Gamesa is the market leader in Spain and was limit- market niches and are trying to acquire a share of the mar- ed to the home market for quite a time as a partner to . The split from Vestas occurred in 2001 and since ket with their own technical concepts. then the company has been increasing its activities in other countries, especially Germany and the USA. Siemens entered the sector two years later than General Electric. In October 2004 the German electronics giant bought the Danish company Bonus, or the last few years a few large companies have dominated the wind power world which for quite a while had been similarly successful to market. Small fi rms still have a chance to succeed, however, as the world market is Enercon, before then suff ering from a creeping loss of currently growing strongly. This is creating many niches, which small fi rms can market share over several years. Under Siemens leader- move into. The US market, currently the world’s largest, grew so quickly last year that ship, export activities are now being increased. the few suppliers active in North America were hardly able to meet the demand. Now F new manufacturers are pushing from behind and looking for opportunities. The challengers A consolidation of the wind power sector, predicted by many for years now to throw small suppliers out of the race, is still not in sight. This is why there is still so much diversity. In the There are four companies with a good chance of closing market overview (see table on page 113), 17 companies are listed which supply their wind up to the »big fi ve«. Last year the Indian company Suz lon turbines mainly to Europe, but also to North America, India, East Asia and Australia. grew very strongly in its home country and is battling with Siemens Wind Power for 5th place. set up a The »big fi ve« European headquarters in Denmark in December 2004 and is currently increasing its activities in the USA. The Danish company Vestas continues to be the market leader. The company was able to The Japanese company Mitsubishi is pinning its secure further markets through its merger in March 2004 with the Danish competitor NEG hopes on the success of its new 2.4 MW turbine, while Micon, and exports to more countries than any other wind power company. The manufac- both German companies Repower and are mar- turing is being spread out to more and more sites, and Vestas currently has 27 factories in keting the label of technology »Made in Germany«, and 9 countries. are already exporting more than half of their produc- General Electric (GE) entered the wind power sector in May 2002, when it bought into tion. Nordex entered the Chinese market very early on German technology by amalgamating Enron Wind (formerly Tacke Windenergie) into its GE through a joint venture, while Repower installed a pro- Energy division. With large production facilities in Germany, Spain and the USA, GE Energy totype 5 MW turbine at the end of 2004, thus creating a good starting point for doing off shore business.

A singularly Spanish style

The Spanish companies have traditionally produced primarily for the home market. Only Gamesa (see above) has exported an appreciable amount in recent years. The other wind power companies are:

The Meroicinha in Photo: Vestas

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● Ecotècnia, the second-largest Spanish wind turbine Of the twelve largest manufacturers only Enercon (no manufacturer after Gamesa (market share in Spain in gearbox, slow-running generator) deviates from this 2005: approx. 20 %). According to company figures, Eco- principle. Several companies have already tried to follow tècnia turbines with a total capacity of 950 MW had Enercon’s successfully laid down route, but apart from been installed worldwide by the end of 2005. This year, Enercon, only the German company Vensys is currently wind farms totalling at least 180 MW are to be erected able to supply a transmissionless turbine. in Spain, Portugal, and Japan. An interesting de- The companies Multibrid (Germany) and Winwind velopment here is the 3 MW turbine with a 100 m rotor () can also be called niche suppliers. Both devel- diameter. oped the »Multibrid technology« independently from ● Acciona, the infrastructure company from Madrid, one-another: the rotor drives a permanent-magnet became one of the big players in the wind power sector generator with medium rotation speed via a single-step with the takeover of Energía Hidroeléctrica de Navarra transmission. (EHN). All renewable energy activities are carried out Also playing a role are the companies Fuhrländer under the name of Acciona Energía. Acciona wishes to (Germany) and EU Energy (UK, brandname: Dewind). expand its production of wind turbines. The current Fuhrländer only has a small remaining market share brand name Ingetur is to be changed to Acciona some- on the home market, but has managed to expand its time this year. In 2005 Ingetur reached a market share exports in the last few years. EU Energy is currently of 6.5 % in the home market. By the end of 2005, wind modifying the Dewind technology developed in Ger- turbines with 230 MW capacity had been installed in many (D8, 2 MW) in order to supply the US market. Spain. The company is driving forward its international Work is being done on a 60 Hz wind turbine with the expansion with the opening of a plant in China in March »Windrive« transmission developed by Voith. The 13.8 2006. Due to previous EHN activities, Acciona has a kV synchronous generator is to be connected directly to presence in nine countries. the grid without an inverter or transformer – a very am- ● MTorres, an industrial conglomerate from Navarra, bitious project. has been active in the wind power sector since 1997, and has developed its own wind turbines. By the end of The table 2005, however, only ten MTorres wind turbines with a total of 15 MW capacity were on the grid. At the start of The most important information is listed in the table: 2006 MTorres opened its first factory for the series-pro- capacity, rotor diameter, swept area, maximum hub duction of wind turbines, and will produce the new height, specific power and number of turbines installed turbine type TWT 1650 there. The factory is to produce (track record). 150 wind turbines annually. The specific power (power per m² of swept area) de- termines the sites the wind turbine is suitable for. A very The niche suppliers large rotor but a relatively small rated capacity can make even »low wind« sites economic, as with the GE Energy The predominant technology is easy to describe: a 1.5xle (281 W/m2) or the Repower MM 92 (298 W/m2). 3-blade rotor with pitch control and variable speed, a At »high wind« sites the Enercon E-70 (505 W/m2) and multi-step transmission and a fast-running generator. Vestas V90-3.0 MW (472 W/m2) are especially suitable. As can be seen from the track record, the »Best- sellers« are the main factor in the market leaders’ suc- cess. Gamesa has already managed to sell 1,858 G52s and almost as many G58s. GE Energy has long concen- trated on a single product, with success: the 1.5 had been installed 4,143 times by the end of 2005. ✹ Detlef Koenemann In cooperation with Oliver Ristau

Information: Acciona: www.acciona.com Dewind: www.eunrg.com Ecotècnia: www.ecotecnia.com Enercon: www.enercon.de Fuhrländer: www.fuhrlaender.de Gamesa: www.gamesa.es GE Energy: www.gewindenergy.com Mitsubishi: www.mhi.co.jp MTorres: (Mail) [email protected] Multibrid: www.multibrid.com Nordex: www.nordex.de Repower: www.repower.de Siemens: www.siemens.com/powergeneration/windpower Suzlon: www.suzlon.com Vensys: www.vensys.de Vestas: www.vestas.com Winwind: www.winwind.fi

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Type Capacity kW Rotor m Area m² Hub height m SP W/m2 Installed units Acciona IT 70/1500 1,500 70.0 3,849 80 390 11 *a Acciona IT 77/1500 1,500 77.0 4,657 80 322 132 *a Dewind D6/62 1,000 62.0 3,019 65 331 155 *b Dewind D6/64 1,250 64.0 3,217 92 389 84 Dewind D8/80 2,000 80.0 5,027 100 398 41 Ecotècnia 62 1,300 62.0 3,019 80 431 1 Ecotècnia 74 1,670 74.0 4,301 80 388 246 Ecotècnia 80/1.6 1,670 80.0 5,027 70 332 31 Ecotècnia 80/2.0 2,000 80.0 5,027 70 398 0 Ecotècnia 100 3,000 100.0 7,854 90 382 0 Enercon E-48 800 48.0 1,810 76 442 216 Enercon E-70 2,000 71.0 3,959 113 505 640 *c Enercon E-82 2,000 82.0 5,281 108 379 0 Technical data of wind tur- Enercon E-112 4,500 114.0 10,207 124 441 8 bines (more than 600 kW): Ca- Fuhrländer FL 600 600 50.0 1,963 75 306 27 pacity, rotor diameter, swept Fuhrländer FL 1000 1,000 54.0 2,290 85 437 105 area, maximum hub height, Fuhrländer FL 1500 1,500 70.0 3,848 115 390 5 specifi c power (SP, i.e. the Fuhrländer FL MD 70 1,500 70.0 3,846 115 390 41 power per m2 of swept area), Fuhrländer FL MD 77 1,500 77.0 4,657 115 322 69 Fuhrländer FL 2500 2,500 90.0 6,362 160 393 0 and the number of turbines Gamesa G52 850 52.0 2,124 74 400 1,858 installed (track record) Gamesa G58 850 58.0 2,642 71 322 1,721 Gamesa G80 2,000 80.0 5,027 100 398 183 Gamesa G87 2,000 87.0 5,945 100 336 231 Gamesa G90 2,000 90.0 6,362 100 314 4 GE Energy 1.5s/se 1,500 70.5 3,904 100 384 2,137 GE Energy 1.5 sl/sle 1,500 77.0 4,657 100 322 2,005 GE Energy 1.5xle 1,500 82.5 5,346 100 281 1 GE Energy 2.5xl 2,500 100.0 7,854 100 318 8 *d GE Energy 3.0s 3,000 90.0 6,362 70 472 0 Update: 1 Jan 2006 GE Energy 3.0sl 3,000 94.0 6,940 85 432 0 Source: manufacturers’ publications GE Energy 3.6sl 3,600 111.0 9,677 100 372 8 *e Remarks: Mitsubishi MWT 57/1.0 1,000 57.0 2,550 69 392 200 *a Acciona: current brand name Ingetur Mitsubishi MWT 62/1.0 1,000 61.4 2,960 69 338 509 is to be changed to Acciona soon Mitsubishi MWT 92/2.4 2,400 92.0 6,647 100 361 1 *b Dewind D6/62: number of installed MTorres TWT 1650/70 1,650 70.0 3,849 60 429 0 wind turbines including 19 x 1,250 kW *c Enercon E-70: also available with 2,300 MTorres TWT 1650/78 1,650 78.0 4,778 70 345 0 kW capacity Multibrid M5000 5,000 116.0 10,568 102 473 1 *d GE Energy 2.5xl: number of installed Nordex S 70 1,500 70.0 3,848 115 390 wind turbines including 7 x 2,300 kW 371 Nordex S 77 1,500 77.0 4,657 112 322 } *e GE Energy 3.6sl: all wind turbines in- Nordex N 80 2,500 80.0 5,026 105 497 111 stalled so far have 104 m rotor diame- ter Nordex N 90/2300 2,300 90.0 6,362 105 362 84 *f Suzlon S.64/950: Additionally the S.64 Nordex N 90/2500 2,500 90.0 6,362 105 393 1 has been installed 1,006 times with Repower MD 70 1,500 70.0 3,850 115 390 151 1,250 kW of rated power Repower MD 77 1,500 77.0 4,657 112 322 383 *g Suzlon S.88/2000: so far installed = 3 x 1,800 kW and 167 x 2,100 kW Repower MM 70 2,000 70.0 3,850 80 519 40 *h Vensys 62: also available with a 64 m Repower MM 82 2,000 82.0 5,281 100 379 177 rotor Repower MM 92 2,000 92.5 6,720 100 298 2 *j: Vestas: number of installed wind turbi- Repower 5M 5,000 126.0 12,469 120 401 1 nes as of 30th June 2005 Siemens 1.3 MW 1,300 62.0 3,019 90 431 1,156 *k: Winwind WWD-1 also available with a 56 and 60 m rotor Siemens 2.3 MW CS 2,300 82,4 5,333 100 431 450 *l: Winwind WWD-3 also available with a Siemens 2.3 MW VS 2,300 82.4 5,333 100 431 24 100 m rotor Siemens 2.3 MW Mk II 2,300 93.0 6,793 100 339 4 Siemens 3.6 MW 3,600 107.0 8,992 100 400 2 Suzlon S.64/950 950 64.0 3,218 65 295 24 *f Suzlon S.88/2000 2,000 88.0 6,082 100 329 170 *g Vensys 62 1,200 62.0 3,019 69 397 3 *h Vensys 70 1,500 70.0 3,848 85 390 0 Vensys 77 1,500 77.0 4,657 100 322 0 Vestas V52-850 850 52.0 2,124 86 400 1,405 *j Vestas V80-2.0 MW 2,000 80.0 5,027 100 398 1,255 *j Vestas V90-2.0 MW 2,000 90.0 6,362 105 314 111 *j Vetsas V90-3.0 MW 3,000 90.0 6,362 105 472 28 *j Vestas V100-2.75 MW 2,750 100.0 7,850 100 350 1 } Winwind WWD-1/64 1,000 64.0 3,215 70 311 21 *k Winwind WWD-3/90 3,000 90.0 6,359 100 472 2 *l

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