TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF (ORDER: ) IN EGYPT

A Thesis Presented to the faculty of Science Ain Shams University In Partial Fulfillment for the award of the M.Sc. Degree (Entomology)

By

Heba Barakat Emara Barakat B. Sc.

Supervisors

Prof. Dr. Hayam El Hamouly Abd El Rahman, Professor of Entomology, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University.

Prof. Dr. Rawda Mohamed Badawy, Professor of Entomology, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University . Dr. Dalia Mohamed Mahmoud, lecturer of Entomology, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University.

Entomology Department Faculty of Science Ain Shams University 2016

Dedication To sprite of the two scientists who created leading school in in Ain Shams University on different insect orders and we are now follow their steps, trying to complete what they had done. To Professor Dr. Nagat Shaummer and Professor Dr. Salwa Kamal We dedicate this work.

Biography

Name: Heba Barakat Emara Barakat Degree Awarded: B.Sc. (Entomology), 2008 Department: Entomology Faculty: Science University: Ain Shams Date of Graduation: June 2008 Occupation: Demonstrator / Entomology Department Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University. Date of Appointment: 6/7/2011 Date of Registration for M.Sc. Award: 2012

Courses studied by the candidate in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the (M.Sc.) degree:

1) Population genetics and evolution. 2) Natural communities of . 3) Molecular Biology. 4) Insects Biochemistry. 5) Pollution of the environment. 6) Morphology, phylogeny and classification. 7) Population dynamics. 8) Molecular Systematic. 9) Insects behavior.

SUPERVISORS

Prof. Dr. Hayam El Hamouly Abd El Rahman: Professor of Entomology, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University.

Prof. Dr. Rawda Mohamed Badawy Professor of Entomology, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University.

Dr. Dalia Mohamed mahmoud: Lecturer of Entomology, Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University.

Acknowledgment Thanks first and last to Allah for the utmost help and support during this work. I would like to gratefully acknowledge my supervisor Prof. Dr. Hayam El Hamouly Abd El Rahman, Professor of Entomology, Ain Shams University who assigned the work, generally offered her time, expertise, wisdom and continuous encouragement in guiding me and mentoring this work step by step through the whole research process, without her advices, this thesis would not have come into being. I am greatly indebted to Prof. Dr. Rawda Mohamed Badawy, Professor of Entomology, Ain Shams University for her supervision, suggestion the point of the work, collection of specimens, kind encouragement and continuous advice. I wish to thank Dr. Dalia Mohamed Mahmoud, Lecturer of Entomology, Ain Shams University; for her kind encouragement and profound supervision. Thanks are due to the staff members of Ain Shams University Collection (ASUC) and colleagues for the help they offered me throughout this study. Thanks are also to Prof. Dr. Adel Kamal, the head of Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University. My thanks also passed to the staff members and colleagues of the department for encouraging me throughout this study. My deepest grateful to Dr. George Beccaloni, curator of British Museum of the Natural History collections of Blattodea, for providing me with literature and valuable comments during this work. I wish to thank also Mr. Mohamed Gamal El- Den, Assistant lecturer of Entomology, Ain Shams University, for his help using MEGA program. My grateful acknowledgment is due to the staff members of Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University; the staff members of Faculty of Agriculture, Al Azhar University; and Ministry of Agriculture, Identification sections for their kind help. Deepest thanks for my lovely friends who kindly encourage me and supporting me during critical times. I would like to extend my sincerest and warmest thanks and appreciation to my parents for their emotional support no matter what path I choose. Saving the most important for last, especial thanks to my brother Ali Barakat for helping me adjusting thesis photos, I wish to give my heartfelt thanks to my husband, whose unconditional love, patience, and continual support of my academic endeavors over the past several years enabled me to complete this thesis. Abstract

Abstract

During this study, 23 species belonging to16 genera and 4 families were recorded. Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister, Pycnoscelus indicus (Fabricius) and Heterogamisca boliveri (Adelung) were recorded for the first time in Egypt. Collecting, identifying, revising and examining the specimens in main Egyptian collections were carried out. For each taxon keys, synonyms, diagnosis, material examined, distribution, diagnostic characters in addition to colored photos were given. Dissection of the male genitalia for available specimens was also carried out. Gene sequence of 28s nuclear gene were given to chorisia reducta (Walker) species for the first time. The PCR product was found to be about 512 bp long, after sequencing this result aligned with the gene bank data then constructing the phylogenetic tree by using Mega 0.6 program.

Key words: Taxonomic revision, Cockroach, Blattodea, 28s, Egypt.

Contents

Contents

Subjects Page No.

I. Introduction...... 1 II. Literature Review II.1. Taxonomic studies...... 6 II.2. Molecular studies …..………………...... ………...... 23 III. Material and Methods III.1 Taxonomic studies ...... 27 III.2. Molecular studies ………..….……...... ……..29 IV. Results IV.1- Taxonomic studies ...... 35

-Order Blattodea ……………………….…………………..…...35

- Key to families…………………..………….………...37

- 1- Family …………...….……..…….…38

- Key to subfamilies …………...... 39

- Subfamily Oxyhaloinae…...……...... ……….…39

- Genus Nauphoeta Burmeister…………….….....39

- Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) …………….……..40 Contents

- Subfamily Perisphaeriinae…………...……….……42

- Genus Hyposphaeria Lucas ....………..…..…….…42

- Hyposphaeria scabra (Thunberg) ….……...... 44

- Subfamily: Pycnoscelinae ..….…...……....……..... 46

- Genus: Pycnoscelus Scudder...... 46

- Key to species of Pycnoscelus Scudder……...... ….47

- Pycnoscelus indicus (Fabricius)……….…...... 47

- Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus)…...……..….49

- 2- Family Blattidae Stephens …….…..……….…..60

- Subfamily Blattinae Stephenes.………...... ….…...61

- Key to genera of subfamily Blattinae …..…….…..61

- Genus Blatta Linnaeus………………….……...…62

- Blatta orientalis Linnaeus ...….……...…….…….63

- Genus Periplaneta Burmeister……….....……...….65

- Key to species of Periplaneta Burmeister...... 66 - Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus).……...….….…66

- Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister …….…...……....68

- Periplaneta savignyi Krauss….…..……....…….…70 Contents

- Genus: ShelfordellaAdelung …….………..…..…71

- Shelfordella lateralis (Walker) …..…..….……….72

- 3- Family Ectobiidae Brunner ……....…………..84

- Key to subfamilies of family Ectobiidae…..……...85

- Subfamily Blattellinae Karny ………...……...…..85

- Key to genera of subfamily Blattellinae …..…… 86

- Genus Blattella Caudell ……………….……….86

- Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) ………...……...87

- Genus Chorisia Princis...…,...... 90 - Chorisia reducta (Walker) ………..…..……….91

- Subfamily Ectobiinae Brunner …...... 93

- Genus Phyllodromica Fieber ……..…….…..…93

- Phyllodromica nilotica (Ebner) …………….…95

- Subfamily Pseudophyllodromiinae………...…..96

- Key to genera of subfamily Pseudophyllodromiinae

…….………………….…………………………96

- Genus Supella Shelford …...…………...... …...97 Contents

- Supella longipalpa (Fabricius) ……..…..…..………97

- Genus Matabelina Princis …………..….………...100

- Matabelina treitliana (Werner) ….…………...….100

- 4- Family: Corydiidae Saussure …………..……...117

- Key to subfamilies of family Corydiidae...... 118

- Subfamily Corydiinae Saussure …...... ……………118

- Key to genera of subfamily Corydiinae…..……...…118

- Genus Hemelytroblatta Chopard ……….……….…119

- Key to species of genus Hemelytroblatta Chopard ...120

- Hemelytroblatta africana(Linnaeus) .…..….....…...121

- Hemelytroblatta cerverae(Bolívar)………...... …...122

- Hemelytroblatta dumonti (Chopard)…..………..….125

- Hemelytroblatta marismortui (Janson)……...... …....127

- Genus Heterogamisca Bei-Bienko………....……….128

-Key to species of genus Heterogamisca Bei-Bienko…..129

-Heterogamisca bolivari (Adelung) …….………..…130

-Heterogamisca krugeri (Salfi)…………...... … 131 Contents

- Genus; Heterogamodes Chopard………….….……133

-Heterogamodes ursina (Burmeister) ……...……….134

- Genus: Polyphaga Brullé ……………...…….…….136

- Polyphaga aegyptiaca (Linnaeus)……….....………137

-Subfamily Tiviinae………….……………….……..141

- Genus Tivia Walker………..………………………141

- Tivia fulva (Burmeister)………………….…………142

IV.2- Molecular studies …………………..……..………. 168 V. Discussion

V.1. Taxonomic studies...... 183

V.2. Molecular studies ………………………...…….……194

VI. Summary ………………………………….………...…...195

VII. References ………………………..………………….….200

VIII. Arabic Summary………………………....…………….219

Contents

List of Plates and Figures Plates: (Figs. 1 to 172): Plate (1) Key to families …………...... ……………... 51 Plate (2) Key to subfamilies of family Blaberidae ………...…..52 Plate (3) Genus Nauphoeta Burmeister ………....….………….53 Plate (4) Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier)…………...... 54 Plate (5) Nauphoeta cinerea (Olivier) ….…..………...... 55 Plate (6) Hyposphaeria scabra (Thunberg) ………...…...……..56 Plate (7) Genus: Pycnoscelus Scudder ……………………...…57 Plate (8) Pycnoscelus indicus (Fabricius)…….…….…...……...58 Plate (9) Pycnoscelus surinamensis (Linnaeus)………………..59 Plate (10) Key to genera of subfamily Blattinae ………………74 Plate (11) Genus: Blatta Linnaeus …………………….....…… 75 Plate (12) Blatta orientalis Linnaeus ……...... ……76 Plate (13) Key to species of Periplaneta Burmeister …...... …77 Plate (14) Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus) ……………..…..78 Plate (15) Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus)… ……..……..…79 Plate (16) Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister...…..………..….…80 Plate (17) Periplaneta brunnea Burmeister .…...……………...81 Plate (18) Shelfordella lateralis (Walker) ……………….….…82 Plate (19) Shelfordella lateralis (Walker)...... ……83 Plate (20) Key to subfamilies of family Ectobiidae …...……..103 Plate (21) Key to genera of subfamily Blattellinae ……….… 104 Plate (22) Blattella germanica (Linnaeus) …….………...…...105