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Study on Motivations and Cultivation of Cultural Industry Cluster in Jilin Province, China www.sciedu.ca/jbar Journal of Business Administration Research Vol. 2, No. 2; 2013 Study on Motivations and Cultivation of Cultural Industry Cluster in Jilin Province, China Hongman Zhang1 & Manman Jia1 1 Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China Correspondence: Hongman Zhang, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, China. E-mail: [email protected] Received: September 18, 2013 Accepted: October 9, 2013 Online Published: October 16, 2013 doi:10.5430/jbar.v2n2p66 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jbar.v2n2p66 Foundation Item: “Study on Development Strategy for Cultural Industry Cluster in Chang-Ji-Tu”, Social Sciences Planning Project (Key Science and Technology Research Project) of Jilin Education Department “the 12th Five-Year Plan”; Project NO: 2013JYT67 Abstract Cultural industry is honored as one of the industries in the 21st Century that has the greatest development prospect. With its innovativeness, competitiveness and value added, it has become the leading edge and high end among the emerging industries in the current world, and it has also become one of the characteristic industries that have the greatest development potential in transferring the economic growth mode, promoting swift and coordinated development of regional economy in the old industrial bases. Cultural industry is playing a more and more important role in development of regional economy. Cluster is an important feature of cultural industry and cluster development is an inexorable trend in development of cultural industry. Cultural industry in Jilin Province in recent years has been rapidly developed. Nevertheless, there still exist quite a lot of problems and drawbacks. Thus, Jilin Province should find out its own characteristic factors according to its local cultural characteristics and start out from improving cultural industry policy, constructing a cultural industry cluster pattern that has comparative advantages and local features, cultivating leading key cultural enterprises and balancing cultural industrial development of all cities so as to diminish gap between different areas and improving talent security system, do a good job in taking the path of cultural industry cluster development and form cluster scale effect. Keywords: Cultural industry, Regional economy, Cluster development Cultural industry is honored as one of the industries in the 21st Century that has the greatest development prospect. With its innovativeness, competitiveness and value added, it has become the leading edge and high end among the emerging industries in the current world, and it has also become one of the characteristic industries that have the greatest development potential in transferring the economic growth mode, promoting swift and coordinated development of regional economy in the old industrial bases. The development scale and degree of cultural industry has become an important symbol in balancing the competitive level of a country and a region. The Provincial Governor of Jilin Province made detailed deployment on the cultural work of the whole province at the 12th National People's Congress, including implementation of the 100 key projects with an investment of more than a hundred million Yuan, building 50 large scale cultural industry bases, forming as soon as possible a batch of distinctive cultural industry clusters and promoting the cultural industry to become a pillar industry. It was aimed to realize the condition that the value added of cultural industry would account for over 6% of the total GDP of the whole province by the year 2015 and would become a new pillar industry in Jilin Province. Cluster development of cultural industry has become an enormous engine in promoting cultural industrial revitalization in Jilin Province. It Published by Sciedu Press 66 ISSN 1927-9507 E-ISSN 1927-9515 www.sciedu.ca/jbar Journal of Business Administration Research Vol. 2, No. 2; 2013 will further strengthen the vigor and aftereffect of economic development in Jilin and is also a necessary choice for realization of the economic take-off in Jilin Province. 1. Cultural Industry Cluster and Cluster Effect Both domestic and foreign theoretical cycles have not yet given a consistent final conclusion to the concept of cultural industry. In 2004, the National Bureau of Statistics defined “culture and related industries” as the activities that provided cultural entertainment products and services for the social public and the collection of activities correlated with these activities. Cultural industry cluster means that within a certain specific geographical area, enterprises and institutions in a large number of correlated cultural industries are relatively concentrated, so as to form powerful regional scale competitive advantage and cluster effect, a cluster process of the capital element in terms of space. Cluster is an important characteristic of cultural industry and cluster development is an inexorable trend of development of cultural industry. Industry cluster is also a good mode for cultivation and development of emerging industries, which has brought about quite a lot of favorable conditions for development of industry. 1) Integration of internal resources. Industry cluster is able to greatly reduce the supply cost of raw materials, increase labor productivity, and give full play to effective application of convenient matching supply and talents so as to form effective division of labor and collaboration between upstream and downstream enterprises and form both competitive and mutually matching effective mechanism. 2) Improvement of external competitiveness. Cultural industry and correlated enterprises mutually support to form joint forces, increase external competitiveness, constitute the core competitiveness of the region, form industrial scale advantage, and share the interests of professional division of labor and the “overflow effect” so as to enter the leading edge of the industry. 3) Realization of innovation incentive. Cultural industry cluster is able to effectively promote combination of all kinds of elements within an area and is more to the benefit of cultivating an environment of innovation of cultural industry and progress of industrial technology and realizing sustainable innovation activities. Within the cluster area, new products, new technology and new technique will get faster and more effective dissemination. In the process of cooperation between enterprises and departments, it is more likely to discover loophole and vacancy in the process of production, management, service and sale, make up for the loophole and vacancy in time and find out more market opportunities. 4) Positive effect on development of modern metropolis. Cities imbued with cultural ambience invisibly enhance their taste and popularity and also strengthen the external attraction and internal cohesive force of the cities. Cluster of cultural industry is also in favor of a rational distribution of the urban space and inheritance of urban culture. Cultural industry opens a new path for development of modern metropolis with its intensive technology, saving of resources and environmental friendliness. All in all, cultural industry cluster helps to constitute a complete cultural industry chain within the cluster area, provides conditions for integration of resources, shortens the gap between Jilin Provinces and developed countries and economically developed provinces, and further cultivates the most competitive industrial cluster, obtains the maximum economic benefit and facilitates revitalization of regional economy. 2. Motivations for Cultural Industry Cluster in Jilin Province Correct knowledge in the motivations for regional cultural industry cluster and positive measures to strengthen these motivations will help to facilitate rational advancement of cultural industry cluster and further stimulate regional economy to be better developed in playing its advantage as a distinctive culture. The traditional economic geography theory holds the view that industry cluster is primarily caused by such economic geography factors as natural endowments and geographical location and originates from the differences between economic geographical factors in different regions of external factors, such as, resource endowment and convenient port trade in costal areas. The new economic geography theory brings in increasing returns to scale and positive feedback effect and emphasizes the important role of the forward and backward linkage between enterprises, the transportation cost and demand factor in determining site selection of the enterprises. According to this theory, the number of local cultural enterprises, human capital, cultural consumption demand and transaction cost are the primary factors in influencing cultural industry cluster. Published by Sciedu Press 67 ISSN 1927-9507 E-ISSN 1927-9515 www.sciedu.ca/jbar Journal of Business Administration Research Vol. 2, No. 2; 2013 The US Professor Michael Porter proposes the “diamond model” in his book “The Competitive Advantages of Nations” and believes that there are four major and most direct factors in influencing the competitiveness, namely, production factor, demand condition, related industries and supportive industries, business strategy, organizational structure and competitive condition, and the two additional factors of the government and opportunity. Formation of cultural industry cluster requires accumulation of a variety of conditions. Based on the economic geography theory and the diamond model theory, this paper
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