Initial Environmental Examination

January 2019

PHI: Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project

Subproject: Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong- Manubal Farm to Market Road

Prepared by Municipality of Tinglayan, Kalinga Province for the Asian Development Bank

i 1 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (As of 18 December 2018) The date of the currency equivalents must be within 2 months from the date on the cover. Currency unit – peso (PhP) PhP 1.00 = $ 0.018888 $1.00 = PhP 52.9597

ABBREVIATIONS

ADB Asian Development Bank BDC Barangay Development Council BUB Bottom-Up Budgeting CHARM2 Second Cordillera Highland Agricultural Resource Management Project CNC Certificate of Non-Coverage CSC Construction Supervision Consultant CSO Civil Society Organization DA Department of Agriculture DED Detailed Engineering Design DENR Department of Environment And Natural Resources DILG Department of Interior and Local Government DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development ECA Environmentally Critical Area ECC Environmental Compliance Certificate ECP Environmentally Critical Project EHSM Environmental Health and Safety Manager EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIS Environmental Impact Statement EMB Environmental Management Bureau ESS Environmental Safeguards Specialist FMR Farm to Market Road GAD Gender and Development IEE Initial Environmental Examination INREMP Integrated Natural Resources and Environment Management Project IP Indigenous People IROW Infrastructure Right of Way LGU Local Government Unit MDC Municipal Development Council MPN Most Probable Number NAAQ National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines NCB National Competitive Bidding NECA Non-Environmental Critical Area NECP Non-Environmental Critical Project NIA National Irrigation Administration NOL No Objection Letter NPCO National Project Coordinating Office NRIMP National Road Improvement And Management Program NRM Natural Resources Management OCM Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous PCCP Portland Cement Concrete Pavement PDR Project Description Report

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PMIC Project Management Implementation Consultant PPMO Provincial Project Management Offices PMO Project Management Office PMU Project Management Unit POs Peoples’ Organizations PSA Philippine Statistics Authority PWD Persons with Disability RC Reinforced Concrete RCPC Reinforced Concrete Pipe Culvert RPCO Regional Project Coordinating Offices REA Rapid Environmental Assessment ROW Right of Way SB Sangguniang Bayan SBD Standard Bidding Document SEMS Social and Environmental Management Systems SPMU Subproject Management Unit SPS Safeguard Policy Statement SSS Social Safeguards Specialist TA Technical Assistance TDS Total Dissolved Solids TOR Terms Of Reference TSP Total Suspended Particulates WMA Watershed Management Area WMC Watershed Management Council WMPCO Watershed Management And Project Coordination Offices

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WEIGHTS AND MEASURES

˚C – degree centigrade ha – hectare km – kilometer m – meter m asl – meter above sea level mm – millimeter mg/L – milligram per liter mg/Nm3 – milligram per normal cubic meter ppt – parts per thousand μg/Nm3 – microgram per normal cubic meter µS/cm – microSiemens/cm % – percent

NOTE In this report, "$" refers to US dollars unless otherwise stated.

This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature.

In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 1 II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ...... 2 A. Environmental Clearance Requirements ...... 2 1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines ...... 2 2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements ...... 5 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ...... 6 A. Overview ...... 6 B. Project Location ...... 6 C. Project Rationale ...... 7 D. Project Development Plan ...... 8 1. Project Components ...... 8 2. Description of the Project Phases ...... 9 E. Manpower Requirements ...... 10 F. Project Cost ...... 11 G. Project Duration and Schedule ...... 11 IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT ...... 12 A. Elevation and Slope ...... 12 B. Climate ...... 12 C. Soils ...... 14 D. Land Use ...... 15 E. Hydrology ...... 16 F. Water Quality ...... 17 G. Water Sources ...... 18 H. Mining ...... 18 I. Flora and Fauna Diversity ...... 18 1. Flora Characteristics ...... 19 2. Fauna Characteristics ...... 19 J. Socio-Economic Conditions ...... 19 1. Demographic Characteristics ...... 19 2. Basic Social Services ...... 20 3. Economic Situation ...... 21 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 23 A. Pre-Construction ...... 26 1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation ...... 26 2. Identification and prioritization of road section where concrete paving will be done ...... 26 3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work ...... 26 4. Recruitment of workers ...... 26 B. Construction ...... 26 1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system ...... 26 2. Clearing and removal of obstructions ...... 27 3. Soil erosion ...... 27 4. Ground surface leveling and concrete paving of existing roads ...... 27 5. Civil works ...... 28 6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure ...... 28 7. Dust and noise from borrow pits ...... 28 8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure ...... 28 9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system ...... 28 10. Water quality ...... 29 11. Construction drainage system ...... 29 12. Workers health, safety and hygiene ...... 29 13. Traffic safety and management ...... 29

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14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna) ...... 30 15. Damage to properties ...... 30 16. Concrete washout ...... 30 17. Use of Hazardous Substances ...... 30 18. Public safety ...... 30 C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase ...... 31 1. Operation of upgraded access road ...... 31 VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION ...... 31 A. Stakeholder Consultations ...... 31 B. Information Disclosure ...... 33 VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM ...... 33 A. Grievance among IPs ...... 35 VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 35 A. Implementation Arrangements ...... 35 B. Environmental Mitigation ...... 36 C. Environmental Monitoring ...... 47 IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ...... 50 A. Conclusion ...... 50 B. Recommendation ...... 51

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories ...... 2 Table 2: INREMP subprojects threshold for coverage screening and categorization (EMB- MC 005-2014) ...... 4 Table 3: Preliminary cost estimate on major scope of works ...... 11 Table 4: Indicative subproject implementation schedule ...... 12 Table 5: Result of the water analysis at the Surung Watershed Management Unit ...... 18 Table 6: Household expenditures (in 1 month) ...... 23 Table 7: Assessment of potential environmental impacts ...... 24 Table 8: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Barangay Mallango, Sumadel 1&2 and Belong-Man-ubal, Tinglayan, Kalinga ...... 32 Table 9: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation ...... 35 Table 10: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan ...... 36 Table 11: Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 49

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of the Barangays in the Municipality of Tinglayan ...... 6 Figure 2: Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. Figure 3: Elevation Map of the Municipality of Tinglayan ...... 13 Figure 4: Soil Type Map in the Municipality of Tinglayan ...... 14 Figure 5: Soil Classification Map in the Municipality of Tinglayan ...... 15 Figure 6: Land use map ...... 16 Figure 7: Drainage Pattern and Network of the municipality ...... 17 Figure 8: Photographs of Common Fauna Species Found within SUWMU...... 20

LIST OF APPENDICES

Appendix 1: A Copy of the Payment for ECC Application ...... 53 Appendix 2: Photographs of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject ...... 54 Appendix 3: Post Activity Report – Validation of Proposed Subproject ...... 55 Appendix 4: Public Consultation Documentation ...... 56 Appendix 5: Barangay Resolutions Endorsing the Subproject ...... 105 Appendix 6: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit ...... 109 Appendix 7: SB Resolution Affirming the Interest of the LGU to the Project...... 112 Appendix 8: Grievance Intake Form ...... 114

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I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. This Initial Environmental Examination has been prepared for the Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm to Market Road in Tinglayan, Kalinga Province. This sub-project is the rehabilitation of an existing access road with an estimated length of 6.8 kilometers and a width of four (4) meters. The main proponent of the project is the Local Government Unit of Tinglayan, Kalinga Province assisted by the Department of Agriculture – Integrated Natural Resources and Environmental Management Project. The LGU will implement the subproject led by the Municipal Engineer’s Office. 2. The objective of the proposed Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong- Man-ubal Farm to Market Road is to uplift the economic condition of the community through the provision of all- year-round safe access. It aims to increase productivity and profit, decrease farm expenses on hauling works, hasten delivery of agricultural products to market outlets, enable timely transport of farm inputs to production areas, reduce vehicle operating cost and maintenance cost after project implementation and maximize agricultural potential of the production area after road rehabilitation. 3. The Sub-project was categorized as Environment Category B and this IEE was prepared consistent with the environmental assessment requirements of ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement of 2009. The IEE was carried out through screening and analysis of various environmental parameters, field investigations, stakeholder consultations, and review of other road project reports in the Philippines. The IEE covers the general environmental profile of Mallango, Sumadel I & II and Belong and includes an assessment of the potential environmental impacts during different sub-project phases and formulation of corresponding mitigation measures. The IEE was prepared by the LGU of Tinglayan with the cooperation of RPMO, PMU, WMCO and POs. 4. The total cost of the subproject is Thirty-Four Million Pesos (PhP 34,000,000.00). Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 88% of the total Subproject Cost will be covered by the Project (DA-INREMP) equivalent to PhP 29,920,000.00 and the remaining 12% or PhP 4,080,000.00 will be endured by LGU Tinglayan as cash equity counterpart. 5. Major land use along the road rehabilitation project is agriculture. None of the sub- project roads are located near or within ecologically sensitive areas. 6. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns considering that all the proposed civil works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. 7. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the sub-project. A public consultation at Barangay Mallango confirmed that the rehabilitation of the Mallango-Sumadel-Belong- Man-ubal road is essential for economic development. 8. A grievance redress mechanism shall be established by the LGU of Tinglayan to ensure that complaints of affected persons and other stakeholders regarding the project’s environmental performance are promptly addressed.

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9. The IEE includes an environmental management plan which details the mitigation measures, environmental monitoring activities, institutional responsibilities, and environmental management capacity building. The LGU through its Municipal Planning and Development Coordinator and the Municipal Engineer will ensure that relevant EMP provisions are included in the bid and contract documents for detailed design, project supervision and civil works. During construction, they will closely monitor the contractor’s environmental performance and over-all EMP implementation. Environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by LGU to ADB and such reports will be posted on ADB’s website for public disclosure. 10. The major positive impact of the project will be economic and better accessibility. The subproject will directly benefit the constituents of the four (4) barangays under the road influence area namely: Barangay Mallango, Sumadel I, Sumadel II and Belong respectively. Dust generation from the damaged roads will be reduced by the improvement of pavement. Health risk to the roadside communities and damage to the biological environment will be reduced due to pavement improvement and soil erosion control measures. 11. This Sub-project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through implementation of the EMP.

II. POLICY, LEGAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK

A. Environmental Clearance Requirements

1. Government Environmental Laws, Regulations and Guidelines

12. According to the EMB Memorandum Circular 005 - 2014, the environmental category of a project is decided based on the type of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Project’, ECP type), location of the project (whether it falls into ‘Environmental Critical Areas’, ECA category), and size of the project. A summary list of ECPs and ECA categories are presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Summary List of ECP Types and ECA Categories A. List of ECPs As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. Heavy Industries – Non-ferrous Metal Industries, Iron and Steel Mills, Petroleum and Petro- chemical Industries including Oil and Gas, Smelting Plants 2. Resource Extractive Industries – Major Mining and Quarrying Projects, Forestry Projects (logging, major wood processing projects, introduction of fauna (exotic animals) in public and private forests, forest occupancy, extraction of mangrove products, grazing), Fishery Projects (dikes for/ and fishpond development projects) 3. Infrastructure Projects – Major Dams, Major Power Plants (fossil-fueled, nuclear fueled, hydroelectric or geothermal), Major Reclamation Projects, Major Roads and Bridges As declared by Proclamation No. 803 (1996) 4. All golf course projects B. List of ECA Categories - As declared by Proclamation No. 2146 (1981) 1. All areas declared by law as national parks, watershed reserves, wildlife preserves, sanctuaries 2. Areas set aside as aesthetic potential tourist spots 3. Areas which constitute the habitat of any endangered or threatened species of Philippine wildlife (flora and fauna) 4. Areas of unique historic, archaeological, or scientific interests 5. Areas which are traditionally occupied by cultural communities or tribes 6. Areas frequently visited and/or hard-hit by natural calamities (geologic hazards, floods, typhoons, volcanic activity, etc.)

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7. Areas with critical slopes 8. Areas classified as prime agricultural lands 9. Recharged areas of aquifers 10. Water bodies characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: tapped for domestic purposes; within the controlled and/or protected areas declared by appropriate authorities; which support wildlife and fishery activities 11. Mangrove areas characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: with primary pristine and dense young growth; adjoining mouth of major river systems; near or adjacent to traditional productive fry or fishing grounds; areas which act as natural buffers against shore erosion, strong winds and storm floods; areas on which people are dependent for their livelihood. 12. Coral reefs characterized by one or any combination of the following conditions: With 50% and above live coralline cover; Spawning and nursery grounds for fish; Act as natural breakwater of coastlines

13. Based on their type, size and location the projects have been classified into 3 major groups:

 Group I (ECPs): ECPs in either ECAs or NECAs – Environmentally Critical Projects in either Environmentally Critical Areas or Non-Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require the proponent to submit ‘Environmental Impact Statement’ report to secure ‘Environmental Compliance Certificate’ from DENR’s Environment Management Bureau (EMB). Table 2 gives the size of the road and bridge projects that fall in to Group 1.

 Group II (NECPs): NECPS in ECAs – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Environmentally Critical Areas. These projects require proponent to submit either ‘Initial Environmental Examination’ Report or ‘Project Description Report ‘ based on the size of the project (Table 2) to secure either ECC or ‘Certificate of Non Coverage’.

 Group III (Non Covered Projects): NECPs in NECS – Non Environmentally Critical Projects in Non Environmentally Critical Areas. PDR required to be submitted for Enhancement Mitigation Projects for confirmation of benign nature of proposed activity, and CNC is required to be secured. All other projects shall be at the option of the proponent to prepare a PDR as a basis for CNC, should the proponent opt to secure one. 14. This subproject is an improvement of existing barangay road which falls under the group of Non-ECP. Given that the subproject is the rehabilitation of access road with no more than 50% increase in capacity and >2 km but <20km in length with no critical slope, an IEE checklist is required to secure an environmental compliance certificate (ECC). The LGU of Tinglayan as a proponent initiated the application to the Environmental Management Bureau (EMB) in the Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR) on 29 May 2018. The application status is still pending at EMB-CAR. A copy of the payment for ECC application is attached in Appendix 1.

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Table 2: INREMP subprojects threshold for coverage screening and categorization (EMB-MC 005-2014) Not covered Covered (Required to secure ECC) (may secure CNC) Projects within the Project size CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D INREMP Menu of parameters / Project Subprojects Remarks EIS EIS IEE Checklist Description (Part I only) HEAVY AND OTHER PROCESSING/ MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES Food preservation (e.g. drying, freezing) and Regardless of None None None similar methods aside capacity from canning Agricultural processing including rice, corn, > 5,000 MT Annual vegetables, fruits and none ≥ 50,000 MT but < 50,000 <5,000 MT production other agricultural MT rate products > ton/hr or mill with polishing Hourly (regardless of Rice/Corn mill None None production production ≤ 1 ton/hr rate rate if with polishing) Other types of food (and other food by- Annual > 200 MT but products, additives, None < 200 MT production ≥ 50,000 MT < 50,000 MT etc.) processing rate industries RESOURCES EXTRATIVE INDUSTRIES Other Forestry Annual 3 Projects; Forestry ≥ 5,000 m 3 but volume of 3 but <10,000 ≥ 100 m <100 m3 project co-managed ≥ 10,000 m <5,000 m3 trees to be m3 with DENR cut 3 Equivalent Wood processing ≥ 4,000 m 3 but m3 but <10,000 ≥ 100 m <100 m3 products per projects ≥ 10,000 <4,000 m3 m3 year Livestock Animal Industries > 100 but Stocking (Livestock/Piggery None ≥ 5,000 <100 heads heads 5,000 heads population Projects – e.g. pigs/goats) INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS Irrigation projects ≥1,000 >300 but (distribution system None hectares <1,000 ≤300 hectares Service area only) (service area) hectares With water source (e.g. infiltration gallery, etc.) and water Level III Level II / Level I Water Supply Projects None treatment (Distribution Water refilling (without dam) facilities system only) station including desalination, reverse osmosis (RO) >50% >50% increase in increase in capacity (or in capacity (or terms of in terms of length/width) >50% increase in length/width) AND capacity (or in Roads, widening, AND >2km but terms of rehabilitation and/or None ≥20km, <20km, improvement (length with length/width) BUT ≤ (length with 2km increase in no critical no critical length slope) OR slope) OR ≥10km (length (length with ≥10km with critical critical slope) slope)

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Not covered Covered (Required to secure ECC) (may secure CNC) Projects within the Project size CATEGORY A: ECP CATEGORY B: Non-ECP CATEGORY D INREMP Menu of parameters / Project Subprojects Remarks EIS EIS IEE Checklist Description (Part I only) Total/gross floor area Storage facilities with >1 hectare including no hazardous or toxic None ≥ 5 hectare but ≤ 1 hectare parking, materials. <5 hectare open space and other areas

2. ADB Environmental Assessment Requirements

15. According to ADB guidelines, the process of determining a project’s environment category is to prepare a Rapid Environmental Assessment screening checklist, taking into account the type, size, and location of the proposed project. Based on ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement 2009 (SPS 2009), a project is classified as one of the four (4) environmental categories (A, B, C or FI) as follows:

 Category A: Projects with potential for significant adverse environmental impacts that are irreversible, diverse or unprecedented. These impacts may affect an area larger than the sites or facilities subject to physical works. An environmental impact assessment is required.

 Category B: Projects judged to have some adverse environmental impacts, but of lesser degree and/or significance than those for category A projects. Impacts are site-specific, few if any of them are irreversible, and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed more readily than for Category A projects. An initial environmental examination (IEE) is required.

 Category C: Projects likely to have minimal or no adverse environmental impacts. No environmental assessment is required although environmental implications are still reviewed.

 Category FI: Projects are classified as category FI if they involve investment of funds to or through a financial intermediary. Where the FI’s investment have minimal or no adverse environmental risks. The FI project will be treated as Category C. All other FI’s must establish and maintain an environmental and social management system and must comply with the environmental safeguards requirements specified in SPS 2009 if the FI’s subprojects have the potential for significant adverse environmental impacts. 16. According to Philippines environmental guidelines, the Project or Subproject can be considered as either under Group II or III while ADB has categorized the Project as environment Category B. Hence, this IEE has been prepared to meet the requirements of both the ADB and the government. Upon ADB’s receipt of the final IEE from the proponent, this will be publicly disclosed through posting on ADB’s website.

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III. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT

A. Overview

17. The general objective of the proposed Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong- Man-ubal Farm to Market Road is to uplift the economic condition of the community through the provision of all-year-round safe access. Specifically, it aims to increase productivity and profit, decrease farm expenses on hauling works, hasten delivery of agricultural products to market outlets, enable timely transport of farm inputs to production areas, reduce vehicle operating cost and maintenance cost after project implementation and maximize agricultural potential of the production area after road rehabilitation. 18. To ensure accessibility of communities of basic social services delivery, repair and maintenance of roads, spillways and drainage systems are among the infrastructure concerns identified by the community for funding assistance.

B. Project Location

19. The project is located at Barangay Mallango, Sumadel I and II and Belong-Man-ubal, Tinglayan, Kalinga Province. The said barangays constitute the Isumacher Tribe of the municipality of Tinglayan. It has a total land area of 3,381 hectares classified into forest land, agricultural land, and residential land. In the south lies the barangay of Tongrayan Tribe, barangay of Bangad Tribe in the east, Dananao in the west and bounded by the Municipality of Pasil and Municipality of Lubuagan in the north (See Figure 1).

20. It is traversed by the Tabuk-Bontoc National Road accessible to any type of vehicles. It is approximately 62 kilometres away from the provincial capital; 64 kilometres from Bontoc, Mt. Province and six (6) kilometres from Poblacion, Tinglayan where the Municipal Hall is located.

PROPOSED ROAD

Figure 1: Location of the Barangays in the Municipality of Tinglayan

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C. Project Rationale

21. Poverty is a never ending issue caused about by the many problems which are seldom addressed. Helpless with undesirable situations, the community could only look for ways to somehow raise itself from destitution. According to the Philippine Statistics Authority, Tinglayan has 26% poverty incidence.

22. The National Agenda 2030 particularly dwells on Sustainable Development where no one shall be left behind. It is also geared towards ending poverty where economic, social, and environmental development will be improved and sustained.

23. At present, the road condition of Mallango towards Sumadel and Belong Man-ubal can be described as fair, good, poor in various sites. From Barangay Mallango proper to Barangay Belong, most parts of the road are tire-path but some portions still need to be improved since these are narrow, steep and slippery during rainy season requiring widening block and storm drain leading to a safe and reliable vehicle travel during rainy season.

24. Despite the absence of a reliable road, the four barangays (Mallango, Sumadel I, Sumadel II and Belong-Manubal) under the RIA maintain the top producers of rice and vegetable in the municipality bringing about 1280.75 tons of rice per year, 936 tons of various vegetables and root crops per year and 132 tons of coffee per year.

25. The influence area of the proposed road improvement covers 256 hectares of production area for rice, 156 hectares for vegetables production, 109 hectares for legumes/beans, 16 hectares for root crops, 65 hectares for coffee production and potential area for vegetables and livestock raising which can be a real source of wealth to the farmers if maximized. Because of poor accessibility, agricultural activity is limited. Manual hauling is done during harvest. Produce are brought by foot to the nearest paved road where these are loaded in trucks. In rice farming, rice grains that were not hauled during the rainy season and are left overnight could lead to possible germination if not attended the following day. Needless to say, said access road play important roles in the quality of the harvest and the livelihood of the community.

26. This subproject proposal then focuses in improving the economic condition of affected farmers at the same time targets to maximize the use of the rest of the production area in addition to the benefits it will provide to students, senior citizens, women and children, and to the community as a whole.

27. Aiming to maximize the agricultural potential of the area, the community clamors for the rehabilitation of this farm to market road. This is the only economic potential which is foreseen to end their poverty and advance for a better or best quality of life, hence this proposal.

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D. Project Development Plan

1. Project Components

28. The proposed subproject, Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm-to-Market-Road will have a total length of 6.8 km with a design width of 4 m and 0.83 m to 1 m shoulder and 0.67 m curb and gutter. The route will start at Sitio Char-ig highway junction station 0+000. It will traverse towards Sumadel to Belong at station 5+150. 29. There will be a road widening and re-grading in areas affected by the previous typhoon in 2018. The re-grading will take the original width of the existing road. The existing width of the road ranged from 4 to 6 meters and the proposed Portland Concrete Cement Pavement (PCCP) of 4 meters with side structures such as curb and gutter of .55 m in selected areas. 30. The construction works and specification of materials shall comply with engineering and construction standards set-forth by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Materials as quantified and estimated (cost) are assumed available in the locality. Prevailing market price is used to achieve the approved agency estimate which subsequently will be used as basis for the anticipated evaluation of bids, since the construction of the subproject will be through National Competitive Bidding (NCB). Specified hereunder are the items of works to wit:

Roadway Excavation This item shall consist of roadway excavation and the disposal of materials in accordance with the specification and in conformity with the line, grades and dimensions shown on the plans or established by the engineer. Roadway excavation will include excavation and grading for roadways, parking areas, intersections, approaches, slope rounding, benching, waterways and ditches; removal of unsuitable material form the roadbed and beneath embankment areas; and excavating selected material found in the roadway as ordered by the Engineer for specific use in the improvement. Roadway excavation will be classified as “unclassified excavation”, “rock excavation”, “common excavation”, or “muck excavation”. All suitable material removed from the excavation shall be used in the formation of the embankment, subgrade, shoulders, slopes, bedding and backfill for structures and for other purposes shown on the plans or as directed. Only approved materials shall be used in the construction of embankments and backfills. Material encountered in the excavation and determined by the Engineer as suitable for topping, road finishing, slope protection, or other purposes shall be conserved and utilized as directed by the Engineer. All materials excavated from side ditches and gutters, channel changes, irrigation ditches, inlet and outlet ditches, doe ditches, furrow ditches, and such other ditches as may be designed on the plans or staked by the Engineer.

Sub-grade Preparation Sub-grade preparation shall be fully accomplished as to compaction, line and grade. Sub-grade preparation shall be extended to full width of the roadway.

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Aggregate Base Coarse Spreading of aggregate base coarse shall be made with conformity with the thickness and width as indicated on plan. Oversize materials, if present, shall be removed at the pit or stockpiled. To obtain uniformity, additional filler shall be blended by mixing on the roadway. Immediately following the final spreading and smoothening, each layer shall be compacted to full width.

Portland Cement Concrete Pavement

Concrete mixture shall be class ‘A’, 1:2:3 with a compressive strength of 3500 psi.l @ 28 days curing period. Provide 6mm x 75 mm hot asphalt filler on every expansion and construction joint. Expansion joints shall be spaced at every 4.50 m span. Concrete cutting for the construction joints and expansion joints shall be done twenty-four (24) hours after concrete pouring. Forms shall be formed in contact with the foundation and shall not deviate from the true line by more than one cm at any point. Forms shall remain in place undisturbed for not less than 24 hours after concrete pouring. Application of ‘permit to pour’ form the implementing agency shall be complied before pouring. Payment for pavement with deficient thickness and strength shall be based on DPWH standard and specifications.

Pipe Culvert, 910 mm diameter (36”) All reinforced concrete pipe culverts shall be 910 mm diameter and of good quality and free from any defects and imperfections.

Grouted Riprap Stone boulders and aggregates must be hard, durable, free form dirt and other foreign materials that are injurious to concrete. Stone weight must be ranging from 15-25 kilograms with at least 50% of the stones weighing more than 20 kilograms.

Provide 4” diameter PVC weepholes at 1.00 m O.C. Mortar mixture shall be one part of cement to three parts sand.

Embankment Embankment/ fill shall be placed and thoroughly compacted at every 0.30 height.

2. Description of the Project Phases

Pre-Construction Phase/Pre-Development Phase

31. The pre-construction phase involves the social preparation (to include organizational strengthening, planning, identification and prioritization of community needs) of the community for the entry of the project to the site, conduct of pre-engineering activities covering detailed survey works to determine alignment of roads and canal systems, preparation of the detailed

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engineering plans and programs of work, ROW negotiation, recruitment of work force and initial sourcing and procurement of construction materials. These activities will be conducted by the proponent technical staff, partner line agencies, NGO service providers, community beneficiaries especially the Peoples’ organizations and contractors. Construction/Development Phase

32. The construction phase involves the mobilization of construction equipment, construction workers and materials to the specific project site after which the longer period of actual construction work will commence. The construction phase will end with the demobilization of construction equipment, workers and other construction paraphernalia from the construction site. Majority of these activities will be undertaken by the contractor and community residents under the close supervision of the Subproject Management Unit. Operation Phase and Maintenance Phase

33. This phase involves the actual maintenance of the rehabilitated access road during its expected economic life. Monitoring tools and parameters will be set forth in the MOA that the LGU and DA will sign to ensure sustainability of the constructed facility. The specific monitoring items and parameters, location and frequency, monitoring responsibilities and sources of budget are presented in the EIAMMP. Abandonment Phase

34. This phase is included in the project demobilization. The proponent does not intend to abandon any facilities and unserviceable equipment used during construction. The project location will not be abandoned in disorderly condition but instead restored for functional use. Following the completion of the construction, the proponent will dismantle temporary shelters and the construction yard including unserviceable vehicles and equipment. 35. Wastes arising from the abandonment are expected to be minimal. These wastes could include small volumes of left over sand and gravel, re-bars and other steel materials (i.e., nails and welding roads) and lumber.

E. Manpower Requirements

36. Construction activities will require hiring of skilled and unskilled manpower. It is assumed that some skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled manpower will be available in the area. Skilled manpower not available in the locality may be sourced from other nearby localities. Technical manpower will be a complementation of specialists to be provided by locally known engineering firms. 37. During the construction phase, a workforce consisting of contractual and regular laborers will be employed to carry out the construction of the proposed project. 38. The Contractor shall employ qualified and sufficient staff to carry out inspections, testing and monitoring for the project.

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F. Project Cost

39. The subproject cost as estimated has the total amount of PhP 34,000,000.00 which includes the costs for the indirect cost and taxes aside from the direct cost (composed of material labor + equipment). Said Direct Cost has an amount of PhP 27,002,946.97. The OCM (Overhead, Contingencies and Miscellaneous) and Contractor’s Profit will be 12% and 8% of the direct cost, respectively. Taxes will be in the fixed ratio of 5% as required by the national government. Details of the preliminary cost estimate of the subproject are shown in Table 3. 40. Following the agreed financing mix of the subproject, 88% of the total Subproject Cost as presented will be covered by the Project (INREMP) equivalent to PhP 29,920,000.00 and the remaining 12% will be borne by LGU Tinglayan as cash equity counterpart. The amount of equity counterpart based from the presented subproject cost above is PhP 4,080,000.00.

Table 3: Preliminary cost estimate on major scope of works Description Unit Qty Unit Cost Amount SPL 1 Mobilization & Demobilization lot 1.00 27,510.00 27,510.00 SPL 3 Construction Safety and Health Program lot 1.00 61,174.95 61,174.95 SPL 4 Project Billboard and Signages lot 1.00 18,138.22 18,138.22 102(1) Roadway excavation (surplus common) cu m 4,970 108.90 541,247.03 103(1)a Structure Excavation (common soil) cu m 818.86 147.30 120,620.75 104(1)a Embankment (from borrow) cu m . 718.75 394.63 283,637.34 105(1) Subgrade Preparation (common material) sq m 11,379.70 17.37 197,643.60 200 Aggregate Sub-base Course cu m 2,266.91 2,485.65 5,634,723.57 311(1)a.2 PCC Pavement (plain) 200mm thk., class A cu m 11,379.70 1,456.23 16,571,481.62 405 Structural Concrete Class A cu m 1.62 27,137.00 43,961.94 500(1)a Pipe Culverts, RCPC in m 24 4,400.87 105,620.86 505 (5) Grouted Riprap (class A) cu m 1,460.38 5,077.83 7,415,534.88 600(3) Concrete Curb & Gutter, Type A in m 2,344.00 1,270.90 2,978,995.58 Subproject Cost 34,000,290.33 Say…. 34,000,000.00

G. Project Duration and Schedule

41. After the conduct of technical assistance to partner LGUs in, the LGU-PMU started the preparation and completion of the SPD. The completed SPD will be submitted to DA-INREMP and CESM for review and concurrence. When found substantial, it will be endorsed to the ADB for the request of NOL. During these stages, the DED is simultaneously being prepared by the LGU Engineering Unit and is expected to be final and complete on or before the time of the ADB NOL. The DED shall then be translated into a Bidding Document once the SPD is approved. 42. Procurement period may start on the 1st quarter of 2019 and shall take 10 to 12 weeks to comply with the ADB Procurement Guidelines, thus the Subproject is expected to be awarded within the month of April 2019. Construction will take 210 calendar days. After the completion of construction works, the LGU will prepare the completion documents before the year ends and the turn-over ceremonies shall also take place at the same time. Other details are shown in Table 4. 43.

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Table 4: Indicative subproject implementation schedule 2018 2019 2020 Subproject Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Milestones Ocular Inspection, Validation, Geo-tagging SPD Preparation DED Preparation SPD Review and Approval Procurement Stage Construction Stage Completion and Turn- over O&M Activity

IV. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT

A. Elevation and Slope

44. The slope of the entire four (4) beneficiary barangay ranges from gentle to very steep sloping grounds. Its terrain near the habitation is generally rolling while mountainous and rugged in its outlying areas. Mountainous and steep areas are mostly covered with mixed forest and coniferous forest. The barangay has an elevation of 834.45 masl at its lowest part while 1,192 m asl at its highest point (Figure 2).

45. However, the elevation of the proposed road rehabilitation alignment ranges from 836 m asl to 1,188 m asl with an average slope of 14.1%. Further details are shown in Figure 3.

B. Climate

46. Again, the proposed road access rehabilitation is within the Surung Watershed Managament Unit. The Surung Watershed Management Unit has two types of climate based on the modified Coronas’ Classification; Type I and III. The western part is affected by the Type I covering Sadanga, Mt. Province, while the eastern part is affected by the Type III classification.

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Figure 2: Elevation Map of the Municipality of Tinglayan

Figure 3: Elevation and Slope of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject

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47. Type I Climate has two pronounced seasons; dry from November to April and wet for the rest of the year. The dry season usually begins from January and ends in June. Rainy season is experienced during the months of July to December. Typhoon usually occurs from August, to October and rarely in other months. There is very limited area within the watershed that has Climatic Type I. On one hand, Type III Climate has no distinct seasons; relatively dry from November to April and wet for the rest of the year.

48. The prevailing winds blow from North to South following the channel of the Chico River. Skies are usually clear during the dry season. Flood during typhoons causes damage to rice paddies along the river banks, soil erosion, and silting of fields along the tributaries.

C. Soils

49. The municipality has two soil classifications: a) Tropudults w/ Tropudalfs Tropepts and Oxisols, b) Mountain Soils w/Entisols, Inceptisols, Ultisols and Alfisols. There are three (3) general types of soil in the area, namely: Annam clay loam, Annam Sandy Clay Loam and Mountain Soil. In particular, the proposed road access rehabilitation subproject is mostly Annam Sandy clay loam. This soil series is having underlain with poor drainage and by massive clay loam. Other details of soil series type in Tinglayan, Kalinga Province are shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Soil Type Map in the Municipality of Tinglayan

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Figure 5: Soil Classification Map in the Municipality of Tinglayan

D. Land Use

50. The municipality is smack at the center of the Central Cordillera Mountain Range, one of the watershed cradles. It claims an area of 18,453 hectares or about 62% of the total land area of the municipality. Forestlands are further subdivided into production forests. The delineation of production and protection forest is based on national policies and standards.

51. The protection forest of the municipality is approximately 8,453 hectares. All second growth forest slopes greater than 50% and elevation than 1,000 m asl found in the municipality. To mention some major area, this is found in Mountain Dalimogon crossing the Kawitan Mountain ridge, the whole Mountain Mosimos and Mountain Binolawan on the Southern and Western part of the municipality. On the eastern part is the whole Sleeping Beauty Mountain, which is the Patu-an mountain ridge.

52. The existing land use devoted for agriculture places 42% or 13,867 ha of the total land area of the municipality. Only 804 hectares are devoted to irrigated rice through Communal Irrigation System raised on a rice terraces/paddies. Out of the total agricultural area, about 400 hectares is covered by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).

53. The municipality has a total aggregate range of grazing and agro-forest of 12,554 ha. General existing land use of the municipality can be seen in Figure 6.

54. It must be noted that the whole stretch of the road for rehabilitation (6.8 km) does not have crops, trees, and houses, it being an existing access (Appendix 2). The proposed road mostly passes through an agricultural land, and residential areas of the Barangay Mallango. There will be no agricultural or forest crops to be affected since fields or forest plantation are

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within the range of at least 5 meters on both side of the road. Common species of found along the right of way are cogon, lantana, hagonoy, rono, gmelina, and pine tree.

Figure 6: Land use map

E. Hydrology

55. The proposed road is within the Surong Watershed. As mentioned in the report of DENR INREMP characterization research, the Surong watershed management unit is one of the tributary of the Upper Chico River. It is the 3rd largest area among the eight watershed within the Upper Chico river basin which occupying 15% of the URB total area. The watershed has two major tributaries namely Pasil and Bunog Rivers consisting of 296 creeks and streams. Bunog River originated from the forest within the municipality of Tinglayan. It has a water discharge about 9 cubic meter per second. The river supplies the water needs of its low land farms and the nearby watershed. 56. In particular, there are four (4) unnamed creeks that passed through or located in the vicinity of the proposed road access. These creeks serve as a source of water for irrigation purposes of rice fields or uma (upland field) and other agricultural production activities.

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Figure 7: Drainage Pattern and Network of the municipality

F. Water Quality

57. The table below shows the results of water sampling conducted by the DENR (MGB- CAR) last August 2016. The upper rivers remain no water classification in pursuant to DAO No. 34, Series of 1990 and DENR Memorandum Circular No. 09, Series of 2001. In accordance with the Manual of Procedure for Water Classification, the rivers within Surung Watershed Management Unit (SUWMU) are assumed to be Class A waters since most of the upstream stations are under this classification. “Class A” waters are for public water supply, which is usually sources of water supply that will require complete treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection) in order to meet the National Standards for Drinking Water.

58. Physical examinations of the waters of SUWMU were based on the Philippine National Standard for Drinking and were collected from the six (6) established water sampling points. All the major tributaries and inlets and outlets of SUWMU, along Chico River, are not contaminated with the effect of physical pollutants as shown from the normal results of pH range, total suspended solids, total dissolved solids and total solids. However, the river is not recommended for bathing especially for individuals with wounds unless water is treated with chlorine.

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Table 5: Result of the water analysis at the Surung Watershed Management Unit Station Parameters ma Location Total suspended Total dissolved solids, pH Total solids, ppm rk solids, ppm ppm Chico River 1 (Brgy. Poblacion 8.38 13 203 216 Tinglayan) Pasil River 2 (Sitio Mosimus Dupag 6.26 30 359 389 Tabuk) Chico River 3 (Sitio Mosimus Dupag 7.98 22 228 250 Tabuk) Chico River 4 (Brgy. Ambato 8.03 15 231 246 Tinglayan) Bunog River 5 (Brgy. Poblacion 7.31 25 341 366 Tinglayan) Chico River 6 7.21 29 425 454 (Brgy. Dupag Tabuk) DENR Standards (Class A) 6.5 – 8.5 50 ppm - - Source : MGB-CAR, August 2016 report

G. Water Sources

59. Sources of water are tapped from forest natural spring for domestic and agricultural use. Almost all the barangays are covered with level II and level III water system.

H. Mining

60. There is no large or small scale mining activity within the municipality of Tinglayan.

I. Flora and Fauna Diversity

61. The proposed subproject falls within the Surong Watershed. The watershed used to have a diverse population of flora and fauna as based from the biodiversity assessment conducted by the DENR. Based on the 2010 NAMRIA land cover map about 37 percent or 22,869 ha are Closed Forest, 18.71 percent or 11,664 ha are open forest, 20 percent or 12,220 ha are shrubland, 12.4 percent or 7,745 ha are grassland, and the others with 1.18 percent or 814 hectares are built-up and inland water. Out of the 37 percent Closed Forest, broadleaf forest covers 27 percent, while coniferous and mixed forest only covers 9 percent. Broadleaf forest also dominated the Open Forest category covering 12.59 percent while coniferous and mixed forest only covers 6 percent.

62. The watershed is unique because of its ecotourism generating opportunities, mineral resources, water resources, and major and minor forest products. However, increased access to the interior of the protected area due to new roads and trails, population influx, fragmentation and deterioration of fauna and flora habitat, deterioration of watershed functions and water pollution threatens the watershed. Strong cultural rites on environmental conservation, governance, cooperation, and collaboration of ethnic communities will overcome these threats.

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63. In particular, the proposed access rehabilitation subproject is about 15 km away from the Balbalasang-Balbalan National Park. The LGU of Tinglayan, DA-INREMP and DENR technical staff together have evaluated that there are no trees at the easement and right of way and no endangered and critically endangered species of fauna within the proposed road rehabilitation project during the field validation conducted on 20 June 2018 (Appendices 2&3).

1. Flora Characteristics

64. In SUWMU, vegetational analysis was conducted by DENR-PENRO Kalinga in 2016 on different land covers to validate the land cover map, and analysis on biodiversity was done using quadrat method; 20 m x 20 m plots were established and subdivided into four sub- quadrats, measuring 5 m x 5 m, and line transect method. The vegetation based on Shannon’s diversity index is 2.8067, which means that there is moderate biodiversity in the area. Closed Forests are dominated by oak species; shrubland/brushlands are dominated by lantana species; and grasslands are dominated by cogon species.

2. Fauna Characteristics

65. Faunal species were assessed by DENR-PENRO Kalinga in 2016 using site observation and focused group discussions. Results seem that the watershed is dominated by avian species, where in some are endemic to the area (Figure 8). Species of mammal, reptiles, and insect are also observed as dictated by seasonal changes and suitable natural conditions for food and habitation.

J. Socio-Economic Conditions

1. Demographic Characteristics

66. Based on data gathered, the four barangays have a 2,393 total population as of 2017. The average increase population in percent maintained 1% from 1970 to 2000. There was a big decrease for censal year 2007 and again increase for year 2010 according to enumeration conducted by NSO.

67. Tinglayan is almost hundred percent populated by indigenous people (IP) or indigenous cultural communities (ICCs) that in their Tinglayan home are referred to as Itongrayan. The tribe is comprised of seven sub-tribes, namely Chananaw, Fanad, Fasaw, Huthot, Sumacher, Tongrayan, and Turcao. Other minor ethnic groups belong to Ilokano, Tagalog, Kankana-ey due to intermarriage.

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Figure 8: Photographs of Common Fauna Species Found within SUWMU

2. Basic Social Services

Health Services

68. The four (4) barangays at present have its own Barangay Health Centre. There are three regular (3) midwife assign by rural health unit stationed at Sumadel I, Sumadel II and Mallango respectively, while for Belong there is one (1) hired midwife by the municipal government. There are 16 barangay health workers (BHWs), four per barangay. The health programs implemented in the barangay include the maternal care, child care, environmental sanitations, comprehensive nutrition, TB control, leprosy control, and health education.

69. In cases of illnesses that are beyond the capability of this barangay facility, the services of Tinglayan Municipal Health Office (MHO) are sought. The said facility is located eight (8) kilometers away from the barangay.

Water

70. Gravitational System is the type of Domestic Water Service operating in the four (4) aforementioned barangay. Each barangay has two “tuberos” or plumbers maintaining their own water system. Galvanize Iron Pipes were utilized to tap water from the spring box and convey it to end users. At present, households of Barangay Mallango have their individual water supply. For the other three barangays about 65% of Households are enjoying individual water system, the rest avail their water in the nearest tap stand provided by the barangay.

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71. Aside from the four (4) sources of water spring of the main barangays, Sitio Manubal of Barangay Belong and Sitio Char-ig of Barangay Mallango have their own sources of water for Domestic Use.

Education

72. At present, all barangays have a primary and elementary school, while only one public high school located at Barangay Sumadel. As of 2011, the Department of Education reported that the existing classrooms reflect a ration of 1:29.

3. Economic Situation

Agricultural Area

73. Average household farm size for vegetable production is 1000 square meters. Some households own 500 square meter slope garden (what we called er-at) but some household cultivated an average of 300 square meters abandon rice paddies as vegetable garden.

74. For rice fields, there are average of 6 rice paddies with an average total area of 3000 square meters owned as declared position by every household in the four barangays covered by this subproject.

75. The four barangays are producers of traditional red rice, vegetables, beans, root crops and coffee. Other minor crops are not included hence it is minimal in production. Farmers will market their product within neighboring barangays or in the town or in Tabuk City. Farmers now practice change cropping since climate change exist. There are crops suited in dry season from the month of January to May and there were crops suited in wet season from the month of July to December. Indigenous crops such as corn, sweet potato, legumes, pechay, chayote and watercress are produced in small quantity and meant for home consumption but excess will market it to neighbours or town.

76. These agricultural produce are being hauled manually by farmers from farm to road end.

Agroforestry and Plantation Areas

77. Agroforestry refers to activities applying the combination of agriculture and forestry as productivity measure in the effective utilization of a parcel of land. In the imong system of the tribes, a woodland is apportioned to those who are early settlers in the place. This portion is planted with native species. After a few years, when these trees are gathered for fuel consumption, some owners gradually replace these with fruit-bearing trees like mango, banana, avocado and coffee. These areas are found near the villages and the fruits are all for home consumption. However, in the 1990s, the barangays assisted by CECAP and DENR planted fast-growing trees. Thriving gmelina tree farms are now found in Barangays Poblacion, Old Tinglayan, Ambato, and Luplupa.

78. Barangay Belong was the only CHARMP coverage area and there are 11 hectares that was targeted and funded by the CHARM Program for assorted fruit trees plantation. The CHARMP funded the procurement of assorted fruit tree seedlings for the past 2015. The MLGU under the Office for Agricultural Services is assisting the farmers in fruit tree production for the success of the program.

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Fisheries

79. The river/creeks are the community’s communal fish resources but rice fish and fish pond was privately owned by individual farmers. Previously these are teeming with fishes, crustaceans (crab), eels, Japanese eels, crab, and frogs. Anybody can catch to the communal is for their home consumption and some make it as a livelihood catching and selling.

80. In private fishponds and in some rice paddies, people grow tilapia and mud fish. Fish raisers are only those with stable water source that can irrigate both rice paddies and fishponds. With the declining discharge of water source coupled by unpassable access, only few are interested in this activity. Fish production could be improved through construction of water impounding dams along creeks if this road will be rehabilitated for easier delivery of construction materials.

81. On the other hand, Chico River and Bonog Creek are excellent and wide for fresh water farming. However, today because of pollution and siltation it is facing an impasse.

Commerce and Industry

82. Among the livelihood activities of some of the barangay constituents is livestock production such as carabao, cattle, chicken, duck, goat and native pigs. Based on the livestock survey of the Office of Municipal Agricultural Services (OMAS) in 2017, there are 131 carabaos, 5 cattles, 1006 chickens, 36 ducks, and 1,071 native pigs livestock present in the road influence barangays. Part of these recorded livestock are dispersals from the local government unit and Department of Agriculture (DA) animal dispersal program. Only the Municipal Town of Tinglayan has commercial stores and sari-sari stores, at present, there are 18 sari-sari stores in the road influence area.

Tourism

83. The peak elevation of this proposed subproject, located at Sa-awan in Barangay Belong Man-ubal, serves as viewpoints of the beautiful mountains of the municipality, rice terraces of Sosong, Chara-an, Chalitan, Cachangan, Arab and Tabnac as well as the road networks going to upper barangays of Butbut tribe, Tulgao Tribe and Dananao Tribe. Many locals and foreigners knew of Whang-od, the traditonal tattoo artist of Barangay Buscalan which is 14 kilometres from Tinglayan Municipal Hall to the road end at Buscalan.

84. Aside from the aforementioned tourist attractions, another activity is mountain trekking from Sa-awan in Barangay Belong to Mt. Binulawan, the highest mountain in Tinglayan, giving a view of the municipalities of Pasil and Tanudan in Kalinga, and municipality of Sadanga in Mountain Province.

Livelihood and Expenditures

85. Livelihood in the barangays are dominated by agriculture/farming, followed by livestock raising, and small business such as sari-sari store.

86. The expenditure shown in Table 6 is based on average family of six (6) with an average of 2 Elementary per household with allowance of P100.00/month, an average of 2 High School per household/year with allowance of P500.00/month in 10 months. Tuition fees, allowance and lodging of 1 college student is total of P 8,500.00/month with a total expenditure of Php 16,480.00/month. Education expense consumes much of the family income which if inferred on the financial capabilities of the low-income households is too costly. Despite this, a number

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from the low-income households manage to enroll in college incurring substantial amount of credit while others opt to find daily wage jobs.

Table 6: Household expenditures (in 1 month) Items Amount 1.Food Rice (cavan) 2x1,500 = 3,000.00 Sugar(kg) 2x50 = 100 Lard (kg) 2x75 = 150 Salt (kg) 1/2x20 = 10 Meat (kg) 2x210 = 420 Fish (kg) 2x150 = 300 2. Soap (dish washing paste/ soap, laundry and bath) 500 3. LPG 2x650 = 1,300 4. Education Tuition Fee and other fees & contribution Elementary 2x100 = 200 High school/year 2x500x 10 = 10,000 College/semester 5,000 Allowance/month 2,000 Lodging/month 1,500 TOTAL Php 16,480.00 Source: Barangay Development Plan (BDP)

Transport System

87. At present, the proposed subproject traverses the barangays of Mallango, Barangay Sumadel 1 & 2 and Barangay Belong Man-ubal. This proposed rehabilitation of Mallango- Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm to Market Road is existing and passable by any vehicle except 10 wheelers and buses. Transportation facilities plying this road are public utility jeepney coming from and going to Tabuk City and Bontoc Mt. province. Passenger vans are also being utilized with a round trip route to Tabuk City to Barangay Belong via Barangay Mallango. After this subproject is completed, then proposed opening of Belong to Dananao farm to Market Road to connect the circumferential road of the Municipality from Mallango to Bugnay will follow. Mallango to Belong access road is opened to serve the people of the four barangays of the eastern part of the municipality. It is also an access to their farm lands which is now the subject for rehabilitation including critical portion of the proposed Mallango- Sumadel-Belong Man-ubal FMR. At present, transportation fare rates from Barangay Belong Via Mallango and Sumadel are as follows:

Belong – Tabuk City – P140.00 Sumadel – Tabuk City – P120.00 Mallango – Tabuk City – P100.00 Mallango – Bontoc, Mt. Province – P120.00 Belong – Tinglayan Municipal Hall – P 50.00 Mallango – Tinglayan Municipal Hall – P30.00

V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES

88. The IEE, based on the screening of baseline environment and review of proposed civil works, has not identified any major environmental concerns due to proposed Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm to Market Road given that all the proposed civil

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works are only asset preservation of existing roadway and are located within existing right of way. There will only be localized short-term impacts during construction activities due to implementation of civil works that will be addressed in the detailed design and through implementation of the mitigation and monitoring measures specified in the environmental management plan. These construction related impacts can be mitigated by (i) the contractors’ work practices, especially those related to the systematized demolition procedure consistent with approved standard safety requirements; (ii) cooperation by the local authorities with the contractor in terms of use of public space and utilities; (iii) project management’s strict enforcement of the correct construction practices and standards; (iv) the incorporation of the mitigation measures identified in the IEE into the bid documents and specifications; and (v) close monitoring of the contractor’s implementation of the required mitigation measures.

89. Meanwhile, environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures in each activity during project pre-construction, construction and operation phases are presented in Table 10. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan under Chapter VIII.

90. The potential environmental impacts resulting from implementation of civil works are expected to be minor and likely short-term since the improvement works will involve a minimal widening and alignment adjustments. Potential environmental impacts that could be expected from the Subproject are described in Table 7.

Table 7: Assessment of potential environmental impacts

Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Excavation/ Aggregate Base Course Sub-grade Embankment Manhole/ Catch Pipe Culvert Grouted Riprap Curb and Gutter Structure Preparation basin/ Inlet Excavation

Land surface disturbance – moderate minor minor minor minor minor minor minor surface scrapping, top soil erosion, and vegetative clearing Affects temporal water minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor regime: decrease water quantity and quality and flow regularity or seasonality due to altered drainage patterns, water way configuration, sedimentation, turbidity, as well as river flow diversion Altered or impaired minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor hydrology of the immediate area: increase peak and flood flows and irregular streamflow Decrease in downstream minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor natural resources’ economic and social values/uses Decrease site’s attraction in minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor terms of losing some geological or geomorphological values, particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance Vegetation loss affecting rare species habitats, particularly of known local, national or minor none none none none none none none international nature conservation importance

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Potential Environmental Impacts or Values the Subproject construction would likely create:

Excavation/ Aggregate Base Course Sub-grade Embankment Manhole/ Catch Pipe Culvert Grouted Riprap Curb and Gutter Structure Preparation basin/ Inlet Excavation Adverse impact on local and transient fauna species (those species whose range may include the project site), minor none none none none none none none particularly those of known local, national or international nature conservation importance. Bio-invasion of new strain of pests, weeds or rare none none none none none none none none diseases Frequent incurrence and increased intensity of none none none none none none none none grassfire Contamination of the immediate and/or broader environment cause by the minor minor minor minor none none none none storage or use of chemicals needed for the construction works Air particulate emissions which may cause atmospheric / environmental pollution impacting on human moderate moderate moderate moderate moderate minor minor minor health and livelihood at local or larger scale during construction phase Excessive solid waste accumulation during minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor infrastructure construction Increase in noise and/or minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor vibration during construction Unnatural lighting effects that may impact upon flora and none none none none none none none none fauna, or deplete the sense of naturalness of the area Natural landscape fragmentation and none none none none none none none none discontinuity Adverse impact on land use and the amenity values of adjacent or downstream areas (including the integrity minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor of agricultural land, or other industry that the local community may depend on) Adverse impact on existing or potential recreational value and quality of known minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor traditional experience associated to site natural setting Adverse impact or alter on- sites’ visual value and its minor minor minor minor minor minor minor minor surrounding area -from different vantage points Rating: None = no adverse impact; Minor = slight negative impact and momentary; Moderate = slight negative impact for a year but not damaging enough to cause ecological, health and economic disturbance.

91. During operation, the project is expected to benefit the environment and socio- economic conditions of the subproject areas through increased delivery of agricultural products, increased tourism, improved access and economic development, reduced dust due to asset preservation, improved road safety due to installation of safety signs, and others.

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92. Environmental impacts and proposed mitigation measures during subproject pre- construction, construction and operation phases are described under Chapter VIII. Detailed environmental mitigation measures have been prepared for all the identified impacts and presented in the environmental management plan.

A. Pre-Construction

1. Confirmation of no required resettlement, relocations, and compensation

93. This will be undertaken prior to the commencement of any civil works. The proponent shall conduct consultation meetings with directly affected barangays and concerned POs’, and information awareness campaign regarding subproject location.

2. Identification and prioritization of road section where concrete paving will be done

94. Identification and prioritization of road sections will give information and participation of the community, particularly women and marginalized sectors. A subproject site validation will be facilitated to ensure that the INREMP validation process on subproject implementation is being complied with and hold consultative meetings with balanced representation of men and women and affected persons on the subproject components and management plan.

3. Preparation of detailed engineering designs and programs of work

95. The detailed engineering designs and programs of work for the subproject will be prepared by the LGU for the completion of the proposed upgraded access road. The detailed designs shall include the identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites, locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers, and specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities.

96. The LGU with assistance from TA-PMIC will ensure that relevant provisions of the EMP in terms of implementation of environmental mitigation measures, monitoring activities, supervision and reporting are included for civil works and construction supervision.

4. Recruitment of workers

97. The potential impact of the subproject will be hiring of skilled local workers and other unskilled jobs. A robust “local first” hiring policy will be designed and be implemented in coordination with local officials and community leaders especially at the barangay and municipal levels. The Contractor will be required to follow the “local first” hiring policy.

B. Construction

1. Construction materials acquisition, transport access, and storage system

98. The contractors will source construction materials under their own arrangements. Uncontrolled sourcing of such materials could lead to environmental impacts such as the loss of topsoil or the disfigurements of the landscape from borrow pits. Earthen embankments and material stockpiles will be susceptible to erosion, particularly during the rains and re- suspension of dust during the dry seasons.

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99. Local roads will be damaged during transportation of borrow materials and by the construction equipment. These roads include those which are leading to the project site. In order to reduce impact on all borrow sites, contractors will water the local roads close to the settlements used by the borrow trucks. As much as possible, contractors will not make use of productive agricultural land. In case this is unavoidable, the contractor will obtain consent from the land owner and will restore the site to its original condition after completion of civil works.

2. Clearing and removal of obstructions

100. There are no trees to be removed from the area for the repair and rehabilitation of the FMR.

101. There are no encroachments of any residential houses or dwellings, businesses, or institutional structures found along the right of way of the proposed rehabilitation of access road. There are no house/ dwelling structures found on these areas other than fences made of light indigenous materials, mostly of bamboo sticks.

102. The contractor will not use or permit the use of wood as a fuel for the execution of any part of the works, including but not limited to the extent practicable shall ensure that fuels other than wood are used for cooking.

3. Soil erosion

103. Soil erosion and unstable side slopes susceptible to landslides are noticed along subproject road. The impact of soil erosion and unstable side slope are increased run off and sedimentation causing a greater flood hazard to the downstream, loss of topsoil affects the growth of vegetation that causes ecological imbalances, and development of unsightly cuts and fills that have been riddled by uncontrolled erosion and gullying. Construction activities should be taken up only during dry season.

104. During operation, silt load in the river is expected to be minor due to slope protection structures installed. The contractor will also be required to make additional measures to minimize erosion and landslides during construction phase such as 1) minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation, 2) prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and 3) If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours.

4. Ground surface leveling and concrete paving of existing roads

105. During ground surface leveling and concrete paving of existing road, the potential impacts would be minor and short-termed to the terrestrial resources as well as to the quality of surface water in the river. The contractor will be required to do the following: 1) the construction site should be located away from forested or plantation areas, 2) all construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas, 3) no waste of any kind is to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations, 4) erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain-induced erosion, 5) earthworks should be conducted during dry periods, 6) no waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters, 7) no washing or repair of machinery near surface waters, 8) pit latrines to be located away from surface waters, 9) no unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses, 10) no aggregate mining from rivers or lakes, and 11) minimize the use of heavy equipment at steep slopes.

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5. Civil works

106. There will be a road widening and re-grading in areas affected by the previous typhoon in 2018. The re-grading will take the original width of the existing road. Main impacts on land during construction are from air pollution, land and water contamination, and traffic and access problems. The contractor will apply stated mitigating measures during concrete pavement and stone masonry activities such as 1) piling of aggregates at sites should be used/or removed promptly, or covered and placed in non-traffic areas, and 2) all spills should be cleaned immediately and handled as per hazardous waste management plan, and according to government regulations.

6. Implementation of noise and dust control measure

107. During construction, air quality is likely to be degraded by exhaust emissions from the operation of construction equipment, and dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles.

108. In order to mitigate these, the following will be implemented: 1) regularly apply wetting agents to exposed soil and construction roads, 2) cover or keep moist all stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates, 3) minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed, 4) backfill immediately after work is completed, 5) restrict working time between 7:00 am and 5:00 pm, 6) maintain equipment in proper working condition, 7) replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery, 8) vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use, and 9) construct temporary noise barriers around excessively noisy activity areas if possible.

7. Dust and noise from borrow pits

109. Noise and dust may be generated from borrow pits. The contractor will ensure the following mitigating measures: 1) provision of noise control measures to comply with national standards, watering of the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck, 2) secure appropriate environmental permits, 3) the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and 4) protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits.

8. Implementation of spoil management and control measure

110. The contractor will ensure that there will be no contamination of land and surface waters from excavated spoils, and construction wastes. The uncontaminated spoils will be disposed of in municipal or provincial designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface water. On the other hand, suspicious contaminated soil will be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.

9. Solid and liquid construction waste management system

111. Solid and liquid construction wastes management system will be facilitated to avoid contamination of land and surface water from the construction wastes. The management of general solid and liquid wastes of construction will follow government regulations to include covering, collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force. A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal will be established and followed to ensure construction sites are as clean as possible. All solid wastes will be separated and recyclables be donated to the barangay. There will be

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no site-specific landfills established by the contractors. All solid waste will be collected and removed from the work camps and disposed in local waste disposal sites.

10. Water quality

112. The subproject has potential impacts on water quality due to washing of equipment (i.e. vehicles and concrete mixers), and leakage and spills from discharge from worker camps to the water resources. To mitigate, there should be a 1) set up proper and adequate sanitary facilities, 2) ensure strict observance of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers, 3) provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and 4) trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks.

11. Construction drainage system

113. The contractor shall construct drainage systems to facilitate drainage and rain water natural channels. The contractor will also provide adequate short-term drainage away from construction sites to prevent ponding and flooding.

12. Workers health, safety and hygiene

114. Construction sites are likely to have public health impacts. Contractors will ensure that no untreated wastewater is discharged in the river and that no site-specific landfills will be established at the construction camps. There will be a potential for diseases to be transmitted, exacerbated by inadequate health and safety practices. The contractor will therefore be required to recruit or designate a health and safety officer to address such concerns in the work sites and liaise/work with the nearby communities.

115. Mitigation measures include: 1) proper fencing, protective barriers, and buffer zones should be provided around all construction sites, 2) sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed, 3) worker and public safety guidelines should be followed, 4) provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites, 5) the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women, 6) standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in, 7) worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers, 8) appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers, 9) adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site, 10) drinking water must be provided at all construction sites, 11) sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and 12) all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed.

13. Traffic safety and management

116. Throughout the construction period, the contractor should ensure that affected people are provided adequate and safe access to properties (structures, land, etc.). The contractor is responsible for ensuring that all construction vehicles observe speed limits on the construction sites and to provide adequate signage, barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works.

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14. Ecological environment (Flora and Fauna)

117. A short-term impact on ecology along the rehabilitated road is likely to occur in work sites during the construction period due to minor vegetation clearance. Vegetative cover stripped from the locations described above will be kept for slope protection.

118. Meanwhile, the potential impacts from construction worker camps are poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions. The contractors’ will be responsible for providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna. In short, all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals.

15. Damage to properties

119. Another potential impact during construction is damage to properties (structures and farmland) and access roads due to civil works, transport of materials and other project-related activities. To address this impact, the contractor will immediately repair and/or compensate for any damage that it causes to properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction.

16. Concrete washout

120. The discharge of cement-laden water and slurry during concrete mixing may contaminate water resources and damage productive land in the surrounding areas. To mitigate possible effects of cement-laden water and slurry, the Contractor shall 1) collect and retain all the concrete washout water and solids in leak proof containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or 12 built above grade.

17. Use of Hazardous Substances

121. Storage and use of fuel, lubricant and other toxic and hazardous chemicals will have potential impacts on soil surface and groundwater contamination. To address this impact, vehicle maintenance and refueling will be confined to areas in construction sites designed (with concrete flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations. Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas.

18. Public safety

122. Some of the mitigation measures that should be implemented are as follows: To mitigate this impact, the following should be addressed by the Contractor: 1) installation of

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sturdy fencing around excavation areas and construction sites, 2) provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians, 3) deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access, 4) imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and 5) orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport.

C. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

1. Operation of upgraded access road

123. The operation of the Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm to Market Road will have potentials impacts both positive and negative to the area. The negative impacts will directly involve the increased risk of accident or injury, air pollution and noise, and unplanned urbanization. However, the positive impacts will mainly focus on increased delivery of agricultural products, provide access to natural resources management project sites, and open for tourism businesses. To mitigate these impacts, the LGU of Tinglayan and other concerned agencies shall initiate and implement the following: 1) set speed limit when passing through populated area, 2) provide appropriate warning signs and lighting, 3) regular removal of debris, logs and other materials along drainage canals to avoid clogging, 4) regular vegetation control along run-off area to ensure free flow, 5) ensure that existing environmental management policies are effectively implemented and proper coordination involves different agencies, 6) adherence to land use and zoning regulations, and 7) promote tourism in the area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue.

VI. INFORMATION DISCLOSURE, CONSULTATION, AND PARTICIPATION

A. Stakeholder Consultations

124. The IEE process included stakeholder participation and consultation to help LGUs achieve public acceptance of the Sub-project. A barangay consultation to include neighbouring beneficiary barangays conducted wherein they manifested support for the Rehabilitation of the Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm to Market Road.

125. During this consultation, the proponent has made presentation of the Sub-project describing the objective of the consultations, project description, proposed civil works, and anticipated environmental impacts and their mitigation measures. The consultations went very well and effective and the discussions were documented. The results of the consultation were positive, with local people considering that the road will bring significant economic benefits to the barangays and increase trade flows. Concerns on the subproject mainly revolved on its construction phase which can be mitigated. No long term negative environmental impact assessed by the participants. Majority of the respondents cited ease of transport as one of the direct benefits of the road; majority of them as well are not anticipating any negative impact of the subproject. It would provide easy access in responding to forest fire instead (Table 8 and Appendix 4).

126. As a result of the consultation meeting conducted, the barangay council expressed their acceptance and support to the project by executing a resolution endorsing the Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm to Market Road (Appendices 5 & 6).

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127. The LGU of Tinglayan expressly showed their interest in all the subprojects of INREMP starting from the pre-implementation phase up to implementation stage. This is manifested in their cooperation and participation during orientation, consultation, planning and training activities. A barangay resolution was issued endorsing DA-INREMP rural infrastructure improvement/rehabilitation road access in Barangay -Mallango, Sumadel 1&2, and Belong Man-ubal (Appendix 5). Support from the LGU further heightened with the passing of SB resolution endorsing the Rural Infrastructure (RI) Management (NRM) component of the project (Appendix 7).

Table 8: Summary of Stakeholder Views of the Road Rehabilitation in Barangay Mallango, Sumadel 1&2 and Belong-Man-ubal, Tinglayan, Kalinga Date: September 26, 2018 and September 27, 2018 Venue: Sumadel National High School, Tinglayan, Kalinga Mallango Barangay Hall, Tinglayan, Kalinga Number of Participants: Male – 142 and Female – 114 (Total-256) Male – 55 and Female – 25 (Total-80) Participating agencies/institutions: MLGU, BLGU, DA, DENR Questions Responses - Reduce the risks of accident and support road safety - More convenient to persons with disability, senior citizens - Minimize time travel - Easy access to social services such health services, security, education and Benefits from the road others rehabilitation expressed by on- - Helps reduce fuel consumption site and off-site stakeholders - Improve accessibility through connecting the communities and market products - Accessible even with landslide might occur

Beneficiaries Response Project Management Team Response Municipal engineer explained that since finalization of design is on-going culverts will be included to convey water Design of road rehabilitation flow and establishment of riprap will be on critical areas only. intended for culverts, riprap and pavement, and what might Removing the existing pavement and pathways can cause be the effect of cementing additional cost instead of going into more important works between and sides of existing pathway Engineer Benedict Dalignoc explained the criteria and amount of money allotted per kilometer, wherein, they only prioritized critical areas that needs immediate appropriate work based on the budget It was explained that one of the role and function of the Barangay Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation Team Inappropriate disposal of (BPMET) is monitoring and ensuring adoption of excavated soil environmental mitigation plan, wherein, the contractor must already identified areas for embankment Dispute that might arise during As insisted by Ms. Sandra Liagao of CENRO Tabuk, the the implementation that might community (participants) must decide now if they are delay the project includes the willing to waive their right of any claims and/or refusal of the owners to waive compensations to the affected lots of the road rehabilitation their affected properties subproject. The participants agreed that the improvement of the road is a compensation itself. To allow subcontract with the Subcontract was encouraged since it might delay the purpose of ensuring implementation appropriate implementation of Aside from the anticipated issues and its corresponding mitigations/ responses mentioned on the previous table, Suggested impact mitigation the TA-PMIC also identified potential issues and measures mitigation measures that the subproject might face. These issues and measures are all captured on the Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan Table 10.

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B. Information Disclosure

128. After study completion, the IEE documenting the mitigation measures and consultation process will be submitted to ADB for posting on their website, DA, the Municipality of Tinglayan, Kalinga and the affected Barangay offices, the Provincial Environmental and Natural Resource Officer, and DENR regional office, which will make them available to the public. More informal and vigorous level of disclosure and consultation will be done during implementation through:

• The preparation and dissemination of a brochure in local languages, explaining the affected peoples’ entitlements and the procedures for obtaining compensation for temporary disturbances, trees, crops, and land for construction camps and recording grievances; and • Setting up a formal grievance redress committee with a representation from the affected people. Field consultant in association with the Contractor will be responsible for managing the effective grievance redress program.

VII. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM

129. The Local Government Unit of Tinglayan has properly conducted the consultations with the different stakeholders of the sub-project site. However, it still has to make room for possible issues, concerns, or grievances and disputes arising from the communities in relation to the project implementation. Thus, it sets up a Grievance Redress Mechanism to provide a venue for resolving grievances and disputes even at the lowest level. This will be done to resolve disputes as early and as quickly as possible before it escalates to an unmanageable level.

130. Since, the community consultations were conducted smoothly and no adverse or violent reactions have been noted, there are only minor grievances that are anticipated which may arise due to the project implementation, which are listed below:

a. Road accessibility related grievances – This may include complaints from communities using the roads under repair or construction due to temporary obstruction, which may cause delay in travel time and other inconveniences of the travelling public.

b. Construction related grievances – Community members may demand to be hired as part of the labor force in the project construction/implementation. This may also include complaints of community members regarding noise, drainage, and etc.

c. Indigenous Peoples related grievances – may come from IPs residing within the influence areas concerned with potential effects to ecological and social resources of their area/abode.

131. If case grievances and disputes do arise, there are existing groups in the area which can be tapped to form part of the GRM. In fact, different active groups exist in the area such as the Barangay Development Council (BDC) with its Lupon which is mainly in-charge of settling disputes related to barangay administration.

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132. The BDC then and the Punong Barangay will be the first people/group to be approached by the aggrieved party for any complaint. Both groups may then resolve the issues at their level. In case, either group cannot resolve the matters at their level, they shall make proper documentation of the case and submit the same to the Municipal Development Council (MDC). The MDC is composed of the different barangay chairman of the city, and they are mainly the policy-making body especially with regard to barangay affairs. Thus, the MDC will be the body to resolve the grievances endorsed to them by the BDC. In case, the MDC is not able to resolve the disputes, it will then be endorsed to the Sangguniang Pambayan, which shall the body to finally resolve the disputes.

133. The grievance redress committee (GRC) will be chaired by the PPCO head. Members will include the following: (i) designated GRM officer of PPCO, (ii) contractor’s highest official at the site such as the Construction Manager or the Construction Superintendent; and (iii) barangay chairperson. For the quick filing of complaints, the GRC will use the attached grievance intake form (Appendix 8). The PPCO's GRM officer will be responsible for registration of grievances and communication with the aggrieved party.

134. The steps to be followed in filing complaints and the procedures for redress are the following:

(i) complainant will provide the background and file the complaint verbally or in writing to the PPCO, and the PPCO's GRM officer will assist the complainant in filling-up the grievance intake form;

(ii) within 2 working days, the GRM Officer, contractor’s representative, and complainant will discuss if the complaint can be resolved without calling for a GRC meeting; (iii) within 3 days of lodging the complaint, the PPCO's GRM officer will provide the complainant a written feedback on the process, steps and timeframe for resolving the complaint. (iv) if the complaint cannot be resolved, a GRC meeting with the complainant will be called within 5 working days; (v) the GRC will have 15 working days to resolve the complaint; (vi) the complainant will receive feedback from the PPCO's GRM officer within 5 working days after the various steps of the GRM are completed; and (vii) if unsatisfied with the decision, the existence of the GRC will not impede the complainant's access to the Government's judicial, administrative remedies or through concerned government agencies (e.g., DA-INREMP, Community Environment and Natural Resources Office and Provincial Environment and Natural Resources Office of DENR, Regional offices of the Environmental Management Bureau, etc.)

135. The GRC will receive, follow-up and prepare monthly reports regarding all complaints, disputes or questions received about the Project and corresponding actions taken to resolve the issues. These reports will be included in the semi-annual environmental monitoring reports to be submitted to ADB.

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A. Grievance among IPs

136. Giving primacy to the traditional conflict resolution system, grievances will be handled following the procedure outlined below. In resolving disputes among the indigenous peoples, the determination or decision is usually reached through dialogue and consensus. There may be several conflict resolution sessions according to the specific tribe’s customary laws before the dispute may be resolve. Thus, there is no clear definite timeline on when the conflict or dispute should be settled at the level of the clan and the Council of Elders.

a. Dispute/grievance will be resolved first among the members of the clan; b. If the said grievance/dispute is not resolved at the clan level, this will be brought to the level of the Council of Elders (COE); and c. If still unresolved at the COE level, the said dispute/grievance will be submitted to the NCIP Regional Hearing Officer (RHO), for resolution, where the decision will be final and executory. The dispute/ grievance will be heard and adjudicated in accordance with the Rules on Pleadings, Practice and Procedures before the NCIP.

VIII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

A. Implementation Arrangements

137. Institutions responsible for executing and monitoring the implementation of the EMP are presented in Table 9.

Table 9: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation Agency Responsibilities LGU of Tinglayan, Kalinga  Executing agency with overall responsibility for project construction and operation  Ensure that sufficient funds are available to properly implement the EMP  Ensure that Project implementation complies with Government environmental policies and regulations  Ensure that the Project, regardless of financing source, complies with the provisions of the EMP and ADB Safeguard Policy Statement 2009  Obtain necessary environmental approval(s) from the Environmental Management Bureau and/or other concerned government agencies prior to commencement of civil works  Ensure that tender and contract documents for design, supervision and civil works include the relevant EMP requirements  Establish an environmental grievance redress mechanism, as described in the IEE, to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns  Submit semi-annual monitoring reports on EMP implementation to ADB.

PPMO and WMPCO  Closely monitor contractor’s environmental performance and over-all implementation of the EMP  Prepare semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation for submission to ADB  Based on the results of EMP monitoring, identify environmental corrective actions and prepare a corrective action plan, as necessary, for submission to ADB  Responsible for coordinating with EMB, Local Government Units (LGU), and other concerned agencies related to environmental aspects for maintaining project`s compliance with environmental permits.

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Table 9: Responsibilities for EMP Implementation Agency Responsibilities TA – PMIC and DA-INREMP  Engage environment specialists who will undertake supervision and monitoring of EMP implementation and contractor’s environmental performance  As part of day-to-day project supervision, closely supervise and monitor the contractor’s implementation of mitigation measures specified in the EMP  Assist PMU and WMPCO in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports on status of EMP implementation. Such report will include results of ambient environmental monitoring to be conducted by the contractors.

Contractors  Recruit qualified environmental and safety officer to ensure compliance with environmental statutory requirements, contractual obligations and EMP provisions  Provide sufficient funding and human resources for proper and timely implementation of required mitigation and monitoring measures in the EMP  Implement additional environmental mitigation measures, as necessary, to avoid, minimize and/or compensate for adverse impacts due to construction works and related activities performed by the contractor. EMB – DENR  Review and approve environmental assessment reports required by the Government  Undertake monitoring of the project’s environmental performance based on their mandate

ADB  Conduct periodic site visits to assess status of EMP implementation and over-all environmental performance of the Project  Review environmental monitoring reports submitted by the executing agency to ensure that adverse impacts and risks are properly addressed  Publicly disclose through posting on ADB’s website environmental monitoring reports, corrective action plans, new or updated IEE (if any) prepared by the executing agency during project implementation

B. Environmental Mitigation

138. Table 10 presents environmental mitigation measures to address anticipated adverse impacts of the Subproject. The EMP also shows responsibilities for implementation of mitigation measures and corresponding supervision and monitoring.

Table 10: Environmental Impact Mitigation Plan Project Potential Mitigation Measures Institutional Responsibilities Cost Component/ Environmental Implementation Monitor Estimates Activity Impacts Pre-Construction Phase 1. Confirmation  Conduct community of no required  No negative consultations and  PMU PPMO resettlement, environmental meetings with barangay relocations, impacts officials, concerned POs, and affected persons, compensation indigenous peoples, ensuring that there is equal representation of women.  Conduct information awareness campaign regarding subproject location. 2. Identificatio  Subproject Subproject site validation n and siting posing with following conditions:  PMU PPMO

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prioritizatio adverse n of road impact on . Ensure that the and canal the validation process as alignment, environment per DENR NCIP-MOA conduct and on INREMP topographic immediate implementation is survey and surroundings being complied with Right of . Hold consultative Way (ROW)  Lack of meetings with negotiation information balanced and/or low representation of men participation and women, of the indigenous peoples community, and affected persons particularly on the subproject women, components and indigenous management plan peoples and . During the subproject marginalized conceptualization and sectors initial design stage and even prior to finalization of design,  ROW conflict the proponent LGU between and shall invite among land representatives from all owners sectors of the community, including the indigenous peoples and equal representation of women, for the conduct of orientation. The aim is to generate reactions and comments for integration into final subproject design . Involve barangay officials, indigenous peoples and affected households in ROW negotiation . Secure the waiver of rights to any claim/ compensation if there are any claimants. 3. Preparation of Work with proponent LGU PMU PPMO detailed  Minimize RI Engineer for the engineering negative completion of the proposed designs and environmental upgraded access road programs of impacts detailed designs and to work for the ensure the following subproject measures are included:

 Identification of spill management prevention and emergency response plans for all construction sites;  No disturbance or damage to cultural objects and landmarks;  No or minimal encroachment into agriculture or forested lands.

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 Locate aggregate borrow pits and rock supply areas away from human settlements with fencing and access barriers;  No or minimal disruption to village water supplies along access roads, utilities, and electricity with contingency plans for unavoidable disruptions;  For local residents: include specific plan to notify and provide them schedule to minimize disruption to normal commercial and residential activities 4. Recruitment  Gender . Hire local workers as Contractor  PMU Part of the of workers discrimination much as possible, and Contractor’ and tendency give equal privilege for s contract to recruit women and indigenous outsiders peoples to get involved in selected tasks appropriate for them. . During recruitment of construction workers, the Contractor shall ensure that qualified community members, to include the indigenous peoples and equal representation of women are given priority in recruitment of workforce; this will be stipulated in the contract documents.. Construction Phase Implement Pollution, injury,  Procure construction Contractor  PMU Part of the construction interrupted usual materials from sources  PPMO Contractor’ materials road use, with valid  INREMP s contract acquisition, disrupted access, environmental -DA transport access, noise clearances, i.e. for and storage sand, gravel and timber system from those with valid DENR-MGB/EMB permits.  All borrow pits and quarries should be approved by Municipal Engineering Division.  Select pits and quarries in areas with low gradient and as close as possible to construction the sites.  Required aggregate volumes must be carefully calculated prior to extraction to prevent wastage.  Pits and quarries should not be located near surface waters, forested areas, critical habitat for wildlife, or cultural

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objects and landmarks.  If aggregate quarrying from fluvial environments is required small streams and rivers should be used, and dry alluvial plains preferred.  All topsoil and overburden removed should be stockpiled for later restoration.  All borrow pits and quarries should have a fence perimeter with signage to keep public away.  After use pits and quarries should be dewatered and permanent fences installed with signage to keep public out, and restored as much as possible using original overburden and topsoil.  Unstable slope conditions in/adjacent to the quarry or pit caused by the extractions should be rectified with tree planting.  Define & schedule how materials are extracted from borrow pits and rock quarries, transported, and handled & stored at sites.  Define and schedule how fabricated materials such as steel, wood structures, and scaffolding will be transported and handled.  All aggregate loads on trucks should be covered. Clearing and Damage or loss of  Contact PENRO/CENRO Contractor  PMU Part of the removal of vegetation and for advice on how to  PPMO Contractor’ obstructions landscape minimize damage to  DA- s contract vegetation INREMP  Restrict vegetation removal to within RoWs.  Within RoWs, minimize land cover removals, and install protective physical barriers around trees.  All RoWs to be re- vegetated and landscaped after construction completed.  Consult PENRO/CENRO to determine the most successful restoration strategy and techniques.  Secure tree cutting permit from DENR and

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PCA.  Secure waiver of right to any claim and/ or compensation from claimants.

Implement soil Land erosion  Berms, and plastic sheet Contractor  PMU Part of the erosion control fencing should be placed  PPMO Contractor’ measures around all excavations  DA- s contract and earthwork areas. INREMP  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  Maintain a stockpile of topsoil for immediate site restoration following backfilling.  Protect exposed or cut slopes with planted vegetation and have a slope stabilization protocol ready.  Re-vegetate all soil exposure areas immediately after work is completed.  minimize damage and cutting of surrounding vegetation during slope formation,  prevent erosion and protect the cut slope with temporary drainage as soon as practicable after cutting, and  If new erosion occurs accidentally, back fill immediately to restore original contours. Civil works: Degradation of  All construction sites Contractor  PMU Part of the ground surface terrestrial and should be located away  PPMO Contractor’ levelling and aquatic resources from forested or  DA- s contract concrete paving and decreased plantation areas as much INREMP of existing road water quality as possible.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled away from forested and plantation areas.  No waste of any kind is

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to be discarded on land or in forests/plantations.  Protective berms, plastic sheet fencing, or silt curtains should be placed between all earthworks and nearby surface waters.  Erosion channels must be built around aggregate stockpile areas to contain rain- induced erosion.  Earthworks should be conducted during dry periods.  All construction fluids such as oils, and fuels should be stored and handled with extra care away from surface waters.  No waste of any kind is to be thrown in surface waters.  No washing or repair of machinery near surface waters.  Pit latrines to be located away from surface waters.  No unnecessary earthworks in or adjacent to water courses.  No aggregate mining from rivers or lakes. Implement noise Dust and noise  Regularly apply wetting Contractor  PMU Part of the and dust control agents to exposed soil  PPMO Contractor’ and construction roads.  DA- s contract  Cover or keep moist all INREMP stockpiles of construction aggregates, and all truckloads of aggregates.  Minimize the time for excavations and exposed soil are left open or exposed. Backfill immediately after work is completed.  As much as possible, restrict working time between 07:00 and 17:00, in particular, activities such as pile driving, etc.  Maintain equipment in proper working condition  Replace unnecessarily noisy vehicles and machinery.  Vehicles and machinery to be turned off when not in use.  Construct temporary noise barriers.

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Dust and noise Air and noise  provision of noise Contractor  PMU Part of the from borrow pits control measures to  PPMO Contractor’ comply with national  DA- s contract standards, watering of INREMP the earth roads close to the settlements, use covered truck,  secure appropriate environmental permits,  the borrow and material dumping sites must be access controlled to keep away unauthorized entry of people, grazing cattle and any other stray animals, and  protective gear like ear plugs will be provided to operating personnel if they are exposed to noise levels beyond threshold limits. Implement spoil Contamination of  Uncontaminated spoil to Contractor  PMU Part of the management and land and surface be disposed of in  PPMO Contractor’ control measure waters from government –designated  DA- s contract excavated spoil, sites, which must never INREMP and construction be in or adjacent surface waste waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible spoil should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.  Uncontaminated spoil to be disposed of in government –designated sites, which must never be in or adjacent surface waters. Designated sites must be clearly marked and identified.  Spoil must not be disposed of on sloped land, near cultural property or values, ecologically important areas, or on/near any other socially or ecologically sensitive feature.  Where possible spoil

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should be used at other construction sites, or disposed in spent quarries or borrow pits.  A record of type, estimated volume, and source of disposed spoil must be recorded.  Contaminated spoil disposal must follow government regulations including handling, transport, treatment (if necessary), and disposal.  Suspected contaminated soil must be tested, and disposed of in designated sites identified as per government regulations.  Before treatment or disposal contaminated spoil must be covered with plastic and isolated from all human activity.

Implement solid Contamination of  Management of general Contractor  PMU Part of the and liquid land and surface solid and liquid waste of  PPMO Contractor’ construction waters from construction will follow  DA- s contract waste construction waste government regulations INREMP management to include covering, system collecting, handling, transporting, recycling, and disposing waste created from construction activities and the work force.  Disposal areas for solid and liquid waste must be determined by the government.  Disposal of waste should be catalogued for type, estimated weigh, and source.  Construction sites should have large garbage bins.  A schedule of solid and liquid waste pickup and disposal must be established and followed that ensures construction sites are as clean as possible.  Solid waste should be separated and recyclables be sold to buyers in the community.

Hazardous Waste  Collection, storage, transport, and disposal of hazardous waste such as used oils, gasoline, paint, and other toxics must

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follow government regulations.  Wastes should be separated (e.g., hydrocarbons, batteries, paints, organic solvents)  Wastes must be stored above ground in closed, well labeled, ventilated plastic bins in good condition, away from construction activity areas, all surface water, water supplies, and cultural and ecological sensitive receptors.  All spills must be cleaned up completely with all contaminated soil removed and handled with by contaminated spoil sub-plan. Water quality Water and soil  set up proper and Contractor  PMU Part of the adequate sanitary  PPMO Contractor’ facilities,  DA- s contract  ensure strict observance INREMP of proper waste handling and disposal and proper sanitation including by the contractors and its workers,  provide wastewater treatment facility (e.g., septic tank), and  trucks and other vehicle maintenance should be strictly controlled to prevent the discharge of waste into the river system. Wastewater from the construction works containing high concentration of suspended solids should be treated through sedimentation tanks. Implement Loss of drainage  Provide adequate short- Contractor  PMU Part of the construction and rain water term drainage away from  PPMO Contractor’ drainage system natural channels construction sites to  DA- s contract prevent ponding and INREMP flooding.  Prevent borrow pits and quarries to be filled with water. Pump periodically to infiltration areas or nearby water courses.  Install temporary storm drains or ditches for construction sites  Ensure connections among surface waters (ponds, streams) are maintained or enhanced to sustain existing storm water storage capacity.  Protect surface waters

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from silt and eroded soil. Workers health, Land and people  proper fencing, protective Contractor  PMU Part of the safety and barriers, and buffer  PPMO Contractor’ hygiene zones should be  DA- s contract provided around all INREMP construction sites,  sufficient signage and information disclosure, and supervisors and night guards should be placed,  worker and public safety guidelines should be followed,  provide adequate sanitation and waste disposal at construction sites,  the contractor will not hire children and pregnant women,  standing water suitable for disease vector breeding should be filled in,  worker education and awareness seminars for construction hazards should be given at the beginning of the construction phase. A construction site safety program should be developed and distributed to workers,  appropriate safety clothing, footwear, gloves, hard hats, eye protection and other PPE should be mandatory for all construction workers,  adequate medical services must be on site or nearby all construction site,  drinking water must be provided at all construction sites,  sufficient lighting be used during necessary night work, and  all construction sites should be examined daily to ensure unsafe conditions are removed. Traffic safety and Land and people All construction vehicles Contractor  PMU Part of the management observe speed limits on the  PPMO Contractor’ construction sites and to  DA- s contract provide adequate signage, INREMP barriers, and flag persons for traffic control. Sign postings such as ‘men working’, ‘Keep left/right’, ‘construction ahead’, and ‘speed limit’, should be used for traffic management and

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road safety. As much as possible, road works will be confined to one half of the road width at each section to provide access to pedestrian and vehicles during construction works. Ecological Land  poaching of edible Contractor  PMU Part of the environment animals and birds of the  PPMO Contractor’ (Flora and Fauna) locality in spite of  DA- s contract prohibitions. INREMP  providing adequate knowledge to the workers regarding the protection of fauna.  all workers will be prohibited from hunting wild animals. Damaged to Land The contractor will Contractor  PMU Part of the properties immediately repair and/or  PPMO Contractor’ compensate for any  DA- s contract damage that it causes to INREMP properties (houses, farmlands, aquaculture ponds, irrigation canals, and others), community facilities such as water supply, power supply, communication facilities and the like. Access roads used for transport of construction materials and other construction-related activities will be maintained by the Contractor in at least in their pre-project condition for the duration of construction. Concrete washout Soil and water The Contractor shall 1) Contractor  PMU Part of the contamination collect and retain all the  PPMO Contractor’ concrete washout water and  DA- s contract solids in leak proof INREMP containers, so that this does not reach the soil surface and then migrate to surface waters or into the ground water, 2) recycle the collected concrete washout water and solids, and/or 3) use of a washout pit made with a plastic lining that can be dug into the ground or built above grade. Use of Hazardous People, land and Vehicle maintenance and Contractor  PMU Part of the Substances water refueling will be confined to  PPMO Contractor’ areas in construction sites  DA- s contract designed (with concrete INREMP flooring, drainage leading to oil and water separator, etc.) to contain spilled lubricants and fuels. Spill waste will be disposed to sites approved by the concerned government agency and following national regulations.

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Adequate precaution will be taken to prevent oil/lubricant/ hazardous substances contamination of channel beds. Spillage if any will be immediately cleared with utmost caution to leave no traces. All areas intended for storage of hazardous materials will be quarantined and provided with adequate facilities to combat emergency situations such as fire, spills, etc. in compliance with all the applicable statutory stipulation. The personnel in-charge of these sites will be properly trained and these areas will be access controlled and entry will be allowed only under authorization. Hazardous wastes will be collected, stored, transported and disposed consistent with national regulations to ensure that these will not cause pollution of surrounding areas. Public safety People  installation of sturdy  DA- fencing around INREMP excavation areas and construction sites,  provision of proper signage and lighting at night at the periphery of the construction site to warn and direct traffic and pedestrians,  deployment of security personnel in hazardous areas to restrict public access,  imposition of speed limits for construction vehicles along residential areas and where there are other sensitive receptors, and  orientation of drivers on safe driving practices to minimize accidents and to prevent spill of hazardous substances and other construction materials during transport. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

C. Environmental Monitoring

139. Table below presents the environmental monitoring activities to be undertaken during various project phases. Monitoring of the contractor’s environmental performance in terms of

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Operation of Increased risk of • Set speed limit when LGU of WMPCO Part of the upgraded access accident or injury, passing through Tinglayan PPMO proponent road air pollution and populated area DENR obligation noise. • Provide appropriate  DA- warning signs and INREMP Obstruction of run- lighting off along drainage • Regular removal of canals causing debris, logs and other run-off overflow materials along drainage leading to erosion canals to avoid clogging of the road. • Regular vegetation control along run-off area Exploitation of to ensure free flow natural resources • Ensure that existing in the area. environmental management policies are Unplanned effectively implemented urbanization and proper coordination involves different Increased delivery agencies. of agricultural • Adherence to land use products and zoning regulations • Promote tourism in the Tourism area through advertisement from the local and nationwide venue. Conduct of O & M Lack of . Sustain involvement of LGU of WMPCO Part of the organizational participation of Ips, women and Tinglayan PPMO proponent and coordination indigenous marginalized sectors DENR obligation meetings peoples, women thru conduct of regular  DA- or other meetings on O and M INREMP marginalized concerns with O and M sectors in sub- committees and project operation organizations. and maintenance . Conduct O and M Lack of orientation to knowledge on community in native prohibitions and dialect obligations of community members on the proper use of completed facilities implementation of mitigation measures during construction phases shall be undertaken by the community at the barangay level, and ESS. The ESS shall be assisted by TA-PMIC in preparing semi-annual environmental monitoring reports. Such report will be submitted by the proponent to ADB and will be publicly disclosed on ADB’s website. The monitoring reports shall describe in detail the status of EMP implementation and compliance issues as well as corrective actions, if any.

140. The ESS during project implementation will be required to organize a community level environmental monitoring. Prior to commencement of site works, the ESS and SSS shall undertake consultations with affected residents, barangay and/or officials to encourage them to participate in the community level environmental monitoring program. The locals shall be allowed to freely participate during the environmental monitoring to be conducted by the LGU together with SSS and ESS. The SSE, ESS and WMPCO shall provide orientation on how to undertake monitoring using the Environmental Monitoring Framework shown below:

COMMUNITY LEVEL CONSTRUCTION MONITORING FORM Subproject Name:

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Location: Reporting Period: Impact/ Mitigation Compliance Comment on Reasons for Partial or Measures Attained (Yes, Non-Compliance No, or Partial)

Recommendation/s:

Signature: Date:

Table 11: Environmental Monitoring Plan Activities Location Means of Frequency of Responsible Monitoring Monitoring Monitoring Unit Cost Pre- Construction Completion of Final location Review of the SPD Prior to issuance of PMU, INREMP the Subproject of the NOL WMPCO, with Project Cost Documents subproject SSS and ESS, ADB Completion of Final location Review of detailed Prior to approval of PMU, INREMP detailed of the design detailed design WMPCO, with Project Cost engineering subproject documentation SSS and ESS, design in ADB accordance with EMP requirements Completion of Final location Confirm IEE report Prior to issuance of PMU, INREMP social and of the and disclosed to NOL WMPCO, with Project Cost environmental subproject the public SSS and ESS, safeguards ADB Establishment of Final location Confirm GRM is Prior to start of site PMU, INREMP grievance of the established and works WMPCO, with Project Cost redress subproject disclosed to the SSS and ESS, mechanism public ADB Construction Implementation As indicated in Site visit, ocular Monthly and as part PMU, INREMP of construction IEE EMP for inspections, of regular project WMPCO, with Project Cost phase specific interviews with supervision SSS and ESS, environmental mitigation local residents, ADB mitigation measures coordination with Random checks and measures (e.g., concerned to validate specified in IEE subproject barangay/s complaints EMP road, borrow sites, construction/ workers’ camps, air and noise, water contamination and others)

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141. The DA-INREMP shall submit the following environmental reporting documentation to ADB:

 Environmental Monitoring Reports: Semi-annual environmental monitoring reports will be submitted by DA-INREMP to ADB. The report, which will be prepared by ESS with assistance for TA-PMIC, will provide the following information:

 Background/Context of the monitoring report (adequate information on the project, including physical implementation progress of project activities, scope of monitoring report, reporting period, and the monitoring requirements including frequency of submission as agreed upon);  Compliance with applicable government laws, regulations and requirements;  Changes in project scope and adjusted safeguard measures, if applicable;  Monitoring parameters/indicators and methods based on the monitoring plan/program in the EMP;  Monitoring results compared against the objectives of safeguards or desired outcomes documented (e.g. environmental impacts avoided or minimized, etc.);  If noncompliance or any major gaps identified, include a corrective action plan;  Records on disclosure of monitoring information to affected communities;  Summary of environmental mitigations and compensation measures implemented;  Identification of key issues, or complaints from affected people, or recommendations for improvement;  Monitoring adjustment measures recommended based on monitoring experience/trends and stakeholders response;  Information about actual institutional arrangement for implementing the monitoring program/plan provided or adjusted, as may be required;  Proposed items of focus for the next report and due date.

 Project Completion Report: One (1) year after completion of the construction, the NPCO through its ESS shall submit a Project Completion Report which will include the overall environmental performance of the Subproject.

IX. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

A. Conclusion

142. The present IEE reviewed the general environmental profile of the subproject, covering about 6.8 kilometer road and screened them to assess potential impacts. The IEE reveals that no major negative environmental impacts are likely to occur due to the construction activities and normal operations after the proposed rehabilitation. Implementation of appropriate mitigation measures during construction and operation phases will minimize the negative impacts of the project to acceptable levels. To ensure that these mitigation measures are

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implemented and negative impacts avoided, the measures will be included in the civil works bid and contract specifications of the project.

143. Rural infrastructures like roads and water supply projects, arguably are vital structures needed to spur economic development in Tinglayan, Kalinga, with full potentials and opportunities owing to its varied development zones and natural resources.

144. The Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Man-ubal Farm to Market Road project for one shall be a crucial infrastructure for uplifting the quality of life of the people by providing an all-year-round easy and affordable access, improving the prompt delivery of basic services and increasing economic opportunities, thus supporting the developing economy of the barangay and eventually the entire municipality.

145. Hence, the project will have overall beneficial impact and will have minor negative impacts that will be carefully monitored and adequately mitigated through the implementation of the EMP.

B. Recommendation

146. The end goal of the proposed Rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong- Man-ubal Farm to Market Road is to uplift the economic condition of the community through the provision of all-year-round safe access. It aims to increase productivity and profit, decrease farm expenses on hauling works, hasten delivery of agricultural products to market outlets, enable timely transport of farm inputs to production areas, reduce vehicle operating cost and maintenance cost after project implementation and maximize agricultural potential of the production area after road rehabilitation.

147. The proposed rehabilitation of Mallango-Sumadel-Belong-Dananao Road will boost the economic activities of the influence area. With the subproject, socio-economic services will be easier not only for the public sector but also to private and semi-private providers. Considering the many benefits this subproject provides, implementing the subproject is recommended.

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Appendix 1: A Copy of the Payment for ECC Application

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Appendix 2: Photographs of the Proposed Road Rehabilitation Subproject

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Appendix 3: Post Activity Report – Validation of Proposed Subproject

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Appendix 4: Public Consultation Documentation

(April 18, 2018)

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September 26, 2018

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Attendance Sheet (April 18, 2018)

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Attendance Sheet (September 26, 2018) Brangay Belong- Manubal

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Barangay Sumadel 1

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Barangay Sumadel II

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September 27, 2018 Barangay Mallango

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Photo-Documentation

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Barangay Mallango April 18, 2018

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Barangay Belong-Manubal, Barangay Sumadel 1, and Sumadel 2 September 26, 2018

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Barangay Mallango September 27, 2018

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Appendix 5: Barangay Resolutions Endorsing the Subproject

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Appendix 6: Executive Order Organizing the Subproject Management Unit

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Appendix 7: SB Resolution Affirming the Interest of the LGU to the Project

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Appendix 8: Grievance Intake Form

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