Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

January, 2019 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Env Environment and Social Impact

Assessment

Package 4:

APTRANSCO Investments in Nellore,

Krishna and Chittoor District

1 2 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Table of Contents

List of Figures ...... 5

List of Tables ...... 5

Acronyms and Abbreviations ...... 6

Executive Summary ...... 8

Chapter 1: Introduction ...... 17

Background and Context ...... 17

Objective and Scope of the Assessment ...... 20

Approach and Methodology...... 21

Chapter 2: Policy Framework ...... 24

Policies Related to Social Impacts ...... 24

Policies Related to Environmental Impacts ...... 29

Chapter 3: Profile of Project Areas ...... 33

Socio-Economic Profile ...... 33

Environmental Profile ...... 40

Chapter 4: Stakeholder Consultations ...... 53

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternate Routes ...... 57

Route Selection (Assessment & Management Process) ...... 57

Study of Alternatives ...... 57

Chapter 6: Social and Environmental Impacts ...... 65

Positive Impacts ...... 65

Adverse Impacts ...... 65

Conclusion ...... 78

Chapter 7: Environment and Social Management Plan ...... 79

Social Management Plan ...... 79

3 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Environmental Management Plan ...... 83

Chapter 8: Institutional Arrangements ...... 89

Project Implementation Arrangements ...... 89

Implementation Schedule for Construction Phase and ESMP ...... 92

Grievance Redressal Mechanism ...... 93

Chapter 9: Cost and Budget ...... 94

Chapter 10: Conclusion and Recommendations ...... 96

Annexure 1: Gender Action Plan (GAP) ...... 98

Annexure 2: Labour Management Plan (LMP) ...... 99

Annexure 3: Documents for ownership of Land for Sub-station ...... 116

4 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

List of Figures

Figure 1: Approach to conducting ESIA for Package 4 ...... 22 Figure 2: Location of proposed substation in Nellore ...... 34 Figure 3: Location of proposed substation in Krishna ...... 36 Figure 4: Location of proposed substation in Chittoor ...... 38 Figure 5: Stakeholder Consultation ...... 56 Figure 6: Route map of proposed Kadivedu line ...... 59 Figure 7: Route Map of Bantumilli line ...... 61 Figure 8: Proposed Substation sites ...... 66

List of Tables Table 1: Details of substations to be constructed under Package 4 ...... 18 Table 2: Details of transmission lines to be laid under Package 4 ...... 18 Table 3: Social policy framework ...... 24 Table 4: Environmental Policy Framework ...... 29 Table 5: List of villages in vicinity of proposed transmission lines ...... 34 Table 6: List of villages in vicinity of proposed transmission lines ...... 36 Table 7: List of villages in vicinity of proposed transmission lines ...... 38 Table 8: Overview of Geographic Profile ...... 40 Table 9: Details of Land use in Krishna District ...... 42 Table 10: Details of Forest Cover in Krishna district in Sq. Km...... 44 Table 11: List of Cultural Sites in Krishna district ...... 45 Table 12: Land use in Nellore ...... 49 Table 13: List of cultural sites in Nellore district...... 52 Table 14: Details of Stakeholder Consultation...... 53 Table 15: Comparison of Route Alignments ...... 59 Table 16: Comparison of Route Alignments ...... 61 Table 172: Comparison of Route Alignments ...... 63 Table 18: Land secured for Package 4 Substations ...... 66 Table 19: Compensation for Temporary Damage to Crops, Trees and Others ...... 70 Table 20: Details of RoW and crossings for proposed routes ...... 73 Table 21: Social Management Plan ...... 79 Table 22: Environment Management Plan...... 83 Table 23: Project Implementation Arrangements ...... 89 Table 24: Budget for Management and Mitigation of Social Impacts ...... 94 Table 25: Budget for Management and Mitigation of Environmental Impacts ...... 95 Table 26 Gender Action Plan ...... 98 Table 27 Labour Management Plan Summary Table (“Phase I” – Pre-Construction Phase and “Phase II”- Construction Phase) ...... 101 Table 28 Provisions Under Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act 1970 7 Rules 1971 ...... 110 Table 29 Provisions under the The Building and Other Construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 and Rules 1998 ...... 114

5 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ADE Assistant Divisional Engineer AE Assistant Engineer AP Andhra Pradesh APEPDCL Andhra Pradesh Eastern Power Distribution Company Limited APERC Andhra Pradesh Electricity Regulatory Commission APLMA Andhra Pradesh Land Management Authority APPPCB Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board APSDCL Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited APTRANSCO Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited BSNL Bhartiya Sanchar Nigam Ltd CE Chief Engineer CGRF Consumer Grievance Redressal Forum CMVR Central Motor Vehicle Rules CPCB Central Pollution Control Board CPTD Compensation Plan for Temporary Damages CRZ Coastal Regulation Zone DE Divisional Engineer EE Executive Engineer EEE Electrical and electronic equipment EMF Environment Management Framework ESIA Environment and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environment and Social Management Framework ESMP Environment and Social Management Plan ESS Environment and Social Standards GAP Gender Action Plan GHG Green House Gas GoAP Government of Andhra Pradesh GoI Government of India ILO International Labour Organization LMP Labour Management Plan MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forests MoP Ministry of Power MoU Memorandum of Understanding MRO Mandal Revenue Officer MVA The Motor Vehicles Act NOC No Objection Certificate OHS Occupational Health and Safety PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls PTCC Power & Telecommunication Coordination Committee R&R Rehabilitation and Resettlement Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation RFCTLARRA and Resettlement Act

6 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

ROW Right of Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SC Scheduled Caste SE Superintendent Engineer SEIAA State Environment Impact Assessment Authority SF6 Sulfur Hexafluoride SIA Social Impact Assessment SPCB State Pollution Control Board ST Scheduled Tribe TPP Tribal People Plan TPPF Tribal Peoples Planning Framework ULBs Urban Local Bodies

7 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Executive Summary The Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of India (GoI) to implement “Power for All” initiative with the aim of ensuring 24x7 power supply in the State of Andhra Pradesh (AP). To help achieve this aim, the GoAP has approached the World Bank (through GoI) for financial and technical support. APTRANSCO has identified sixteen interventions (packaged into various schemes) for World Bank support. Each scheme consists of erection of a new transmission substation and stringing of 132 kV and 220 kV DC lines to connect the substation with the existing system with a combined cost of approximately INR 516.09 crore.

Package 4 of APTRANSCO’s interventions, which is the focus of this document, consists of three schemes that are to be implemented in the Nellore, Chittoor and Krishna Districts of AP. The total cost of works in Package 4 is approximately INR 101.35 crore. The three proposed substations will be connected to existing system by laying new transmission lines and / or stringing second lines on existing transmission towers. In selecting routes for both new transmission lines and second lines, APTRANSCO has endeavored to minimize inconvenience by avoiding dense horticultural orchards, fish ponds, irrigation ponds, residential areas, social / culturally important sites etc. wherever possible. As part of the process of securing World Bank support, the environmental and social impacts of the proposed interventions need to be identified so that measures can be taken to enhance the positive impacts while avoiding, managing or mitigating the negative ones. Methodology An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) was prepared which identifies all possible impacts of the proposed investments and suggests measures for their management /mitigation based on national laws and World Bank operational policies. ESMF is a common framework for all interventions being financed by the World Bank, specific and detailed Environment and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) are to be carried out for each individual intervention. The objective of ESIA is to capture the specific impacts (from the list of potential impacts in the ESMF) that are relevant to a particular intervention. Based on the ESIA, an intervention-specific Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will be developed which clearly mentions which of the management / mitigation measures mentioned in the ESMF will be triggered in the case of that specific intervention. This document presents the findings of this ESIA along with the ESMP developed on its basis for Package 4. The approach and methodology to conduct ESIA and develop ESMP is provided below:

1 2 3 4 Review of Identifying Field assessment - data Data route parameters collection & consultations Analysis & alignment & for field Report substation assessment Inspection Inspection Writing locations of each of sample substation line points

Policy, Legal and Regulatory Framework The management and mitigation of the social impacts identified in ESIA will be carried out in accordance with relevant national laws, rules and policies as well international standards and guidelines. The World Bank Operational Policy 4.01 classifies projects into one of three assessment categories A, B and C, depending on the type, location, sensitivity and scale of the project and the nature and the magnitude of its potential environmental and social impact:

8 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

(i) Category "A" projects potentially cause significant and irremediable impacts (ii) Category "B" projects typically result in lesser impacts, which are often remediable or can be mitigated (iii) Category "C" projects have little or no adverse impact The proposed investments include the construction of transmission substations which involves securing of land for construction. For all the three substations, APTRANSCO has identified government land. As neither the proposed substations nor laying of transmission lines seem to create any other significant negative social or environmental impact, the investment is being classified as “Category B”. The World Bank Operational Polices that need to be considered are OP- 4.01 covering Environmental Assessment; OP- 4.04 on Natural Habitats; OP-4.11 on Physical Cultural Resources (PCR); and OP-4.12 dealing with Involuntary Resettlement. Additionally, World Bank Source Book on Involuntary Resettlement states that for RoW in power transmission projects, local laws and regulations would determine the constraint on use of land. Social Policies: The social polices applicable to the proposed projects are provided below:

• The Electricity Act, 2003 (With Amendments in 2003 & 2007) and The Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 - The act provides transmission utilities with the authority to place towers, poles and lines on any land as required. It further lays down the parameters for the same, stating that land for lines and towers will not be acquired and appropriate compensation will be paid by power utilities. It is applicable for erection of towers and laying of lines under all the sub- projects in package 4.

• Ministry of Power, Guidelines for Payment of Compensation Towards Damages in Regard to Right of Way for Transmission Lines, 2015 - These guidelines have been formulated for determining the compensation towards “damages” in addition to the compensation towards normal crop and tree damages. Government of Andhra Pradesh and APTRANSCO has adopted these guidelines and will be used to determine the compensation payable in case of 132 KV lines being erected for all sub-projects. Environmental Policies: Mandatory environmental requirements for transmission and distribution at state level include: Sanction of GoAP under section 67 & 68 of the Electricity Act, 2003; Forest clearance under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980; Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2011 (As amended), Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, during the currency of operations, Regulations on Batteries (Management and handling) Rules, 2001 regarding disposal of used batteries, Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Trans-boundary Movement) Rules, 2008 regarding disposal of used transformer oil, Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 putting restrictions on use of ozone depleting substances come into force and required voluntary enforcement and provisions under Biological Diversity Act, 2002, E- waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011 regarding maintaining records & handling of electronic wastes, and the Scheduled Tribes & Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006.

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 is the main legislation through which the environmental impacts of transmission projects are managed since the current regulation does not require an Environmental Impact Assessment for transmission lines. The legislation requires compensatory afforestation for any forest land diverted for non-forest use in twice the area diverted with afforestation undertaken by the respective state Forest Department. A national fund CAMPA has been created for this purpose. In case projects pass through or are located in designated protected areas, clearances from the Wildlife Board are also required.

Details of Package 4 - Substation Location and Route Alignment Three substations are to be erected along with associated transmission lines; one in Nellore,

9 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

one in Krishna and one in Chittoor. These substations will be located in Kadivedu, Bantumilli and Mangalam. The details of land identified for these locations is as follows: • A land parcel of 5 acres has been identified for substation to be constructed at Kadivedu. Identified land parcel is vacant land and free of encroachment. The land is adjoining to R & B Road which leads to Gudur to Kota. Currently, the land is under the possession of Revenue Department. As of May 2018, the possession of land has been transferred to APTRANSCO. • A land parcel of 1.75 acres has been identified for substation to be constructed at Bantumilli. Identified land parcel is within the compound of an existing APSPDCL 33 / 11 kV substation. The land was originally in the name of the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board (APSEB) and is currently in possession of APSPDCL. It is available for use by APTRANSCO. • A land parcel of 4 acres has been identified for substation to be constructed at Mangalam. Identified land parcel is government land which was under the possession of Revenue Department. As of Aug 2017, the possession of land has been transferred to APTRANSCO. The land is vacant and free of encroachment. It is surrounded by private land on one side, a road on one side and land of revenue department on two sides. The entire surrounding area is also vacant.

It may be noted that the predominant occupation in the villages in these three districts is agriculture with the majority of the working population being engaged as agricultural labour. For these substation the associated transmission lines have been proposed to pass through or near to the villages. However, no line would pass through a settlement but only the agricultural fields.

Stakeholder Consultation Consultations were held with people living in villages near the proposed substation sites and those living in villages along the proposed routes for the lines. The purpose of the consultations were to account the views and opinion of the community about proposed projects and to take note of any concerns. A total of 133 people were covered during the consultations. All the villages visited, during the field visits, are hundred percent electrified and majority of the population is engaged in agriculture related activities. However, some the respondents expressed that they face voltage problems and power breakdowns. The views and concerns of respondents, as recorded during the consultations are provided below: • Need for the interventions- Low voltage and Voltage fluctuation is the major issue faced by respondents along the Bantumili and Mangalam line. The field visit team observed the daily log sheet of the distribution substation currently supplying power to Bantumilli block, most of the time the voltage at 11 KV substation is ranged between 9 KV- 10 KV. The respondents welcomed the proposed projects and it would stabilize the power supply. • Placement of transmission towers / lines and related compensation: The views of people residing in villages along the Bantumilli and Mangalam line were different from the views of respondents from the Kakivedu line. Along the Bantamilli farmers are happy with the proposed intervention as it would accelerate industrial growth. Famers of Krishnapuram and Potumanugunta villages, along the Mangalam line are comfortable with laying down electrical transmission lines as they feel that it will lead to less power cuts and reduce voltage fluctuations. However, some of the respondents (mostly the land owners) along the Kadivedu line had concerns regarding placement of transmission lines on their lines, as it greatly reduces the market value of the land. Furthermore, some respondents raised concerns regarding the compensation being paid under the irrigation projects currently underway or the past Power Grid projects, where a pre-determined amount has been paid.

The respondents across the locations were comfortable with lines passing through their land after the APTRANSCO team explained the new compensation process, wherein, the 10 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

compensation amount is decided by District Collector on a project by project basis in consultation with the community. Additionally, respondents were also informed about the RoW compensation now being paid in addition to the compensation for the tree/crop damage and tower footing. • Impact on Women: In all the villages’ majority of the respondents mentioned that more than 60% of women in those villages engaged in agriculture activities. In few villages like Bantumilli and Jaipuram, some of the women are employed in manufacturing industry and fisheries exporting firm. The views of women respondents regarding the project are provided below:

o Women from villages of Bantumilli line mentioned that the proposed substation can lead to establishment of industries close to the villages and can create more jobs for them as currently agriculture jobs are seasonal and there is potential for more industries with in the region and major reason for few industries is irregular supply of power. o Few women mentioned that better availability of reliable electricity can encourage them to start household based enterprises and move away from labor activities. o Some of the women also mentioned that power outages happen mostly during evenings between 6pm – 10pm which causes darkness on roads and its vary unsafe to go to markets and fields during those periods impacting their smooth flow of daily activities. They all believe that the new proposed sub-station can change the current scenario by reducing power outages. o The women which we consulted during our filed visit mentioned that, land titles are majorly on the name of men either husband or Father-in-law. Analysis of Alternatives For the route selection thorough assessment and management is carried out. Beginning at the planning stage where impact assessment is undertaken to identify all possible social and environment impacts to the project design phase where Bee Alignment and walk-over surveys are carried as part of route alignment activity. For the project, multiple options for each route were explored to minimize the right of way issues and for the construction of the three substations government land was secured. The analysis of alternative for the three lines is provided below: • The approximate length of the optimal route for 132kV DC radial line from 400/220/132kV SS Manubolu to the proposed 132/33 kV Kadivedu substation is 16.4 KM and is being chosen over the other two alternatives as they cross fish ponds and human settlements. • The approximate length of the optimal route for 132kV DC line from 132kV SS Chigurukota to the proposed 132/33kV SS Bantumilli is 19.02 KM, as it is the shorter alternative and does not cross any human settlement. • The approximate length of the optimal route for 220/132kV SS Rachagunneri to the proposed 132/33kV SS Mangalam is 19.32 KM, as it is the shorter alternative and does not cross any reserved forest.

Potential Social Impact and Mitigation Methods The project activities including securing of land for construction of substations and acquiring ROW for erecting transmission lines would result in social and environment impact on the communities in and around the project sites. However, as no private land is being secured for substations, the extent of social impacts is minimal. Further, the environment impacts of the transmission projects are also minimal. The impacts from Package 4 and corresponding mitigation methods are provided below: • There is no loss of land / property as government land has been identified for all the three sub-stations to be constructed as part of package 4.

11 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Temporary damage to crops, horticulture trees, fish ponds or other property due to placement of tower footing and erection of transmission lines: Full compensation shall be paid for damage to crops / trees in the corridor. In cases of crop/tree damage the compensation amount is decided by a committee consisting of farmers or farmer’s agency, agriculture officer and horticulture officer. For non-fruit trees compensation shall be determined by the forest department. However, the utility shall endeavour to avoid forest land. It is recommended that a committee should be formed including agriculture/ horticulture officer, revenue officer and a representative from a non-government technical agency such as academic institute or NGO working in agriculture/ livelihoods domain to determine the value of loss.

• Restrictions on land use and reduction in value of land for area in the RoW corridor and area under the tower footing: The area impacted by placement of tower footing is provided below: Kakivedu Bantumilli Mangalam Unit Nellore Krishna Chittoor Avg. area land holding size (census 2011) Ha 1.05 0.92 0.94 Conversion rate (1 ha = 2.41 Acre) Avg. area land holding size [A] Acre 2.5305 2.2172 2.2654 Area under the line [B] Acre 110.7 128.38 130.41 Estimated No. of plots affected [B/A] Count 44 58 58 Estimated No. of villages on line (lines do not cross over urban area/towns) Count 6 7 13 No. towers Count 58 80 85 Area of under towers (Considering 50% P(NT) sq. m 2253.37 3108.1 3302.35 type tower with base dimension 4.2 m; 50% S(NT) type tower with base dimension 7.75 m) Area under tower footing (1 sq m to 0.000247 Acres 0.55 0.76 0.81 acre) [Area impacted]

The compensation would be paid as per Ministry of Power guidelines. The Government of Andhra Pradesh has adopted these guidelines. The rules are as follows: i. Compensation towards temporary crop and tree damage as well as structures will be paid as stipulated in the Electricity Act 2003 and Telegraph Act 1885 are paid for both tower footing and corridor. The value of compensation for fruit bearing trees is determined by the horticulture department and this is revised from time to time. The value of compensation for crop damage is determined by the agriculture officer and is determined on a case by case basis. Over and above the normal crop and tree damage, the land owner is compensated for the land taken up by the tower base. The value of compensation is determined by the District Collector and is set on the basis of voltage. The compensation is determined separately for each zone. ii. Government of Andhra Pradesh vide G.O. Rt. No. 83 Dated: 20.06.2017 issued Guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regard to Right of Way for transmission Lines. The order mandates a compensation of 10% of the land value to be given towards diminution of land value in the width of the RoW corridor due to laying of transmission lines. (Width of corridor is 27 meters for the 132 KV lines that are part of this package). iii. APTRANSCO Vide TOO (Addl. Secy - Per) Ms.No.511 Dated 07.08.2017 made applicable to the Right of Way for the transmission of lines in APTRANSCO from the date of issue of G.O. Rt. No. 83.

• Impact on workers / employees health and safety, especially those working at height

12 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

that presents a risk of falling down, there is a threat of electric shock and electrocution from contact with live wires during the construction, operation and maintenance activities and there is also some risk of chemical exposure: APTRANSCO has framed guidelines / checklists for workers’ safety. The guidelines include work permits and safety precautions during construction and operation. The project construction activities are executed as per the approved plan and regularly monitored by dedicated safety personnel of APTRANSCO. Further, appropriate technologies to minimize hazards, security fences around equipment and sub-stations, appropriate warning signs on electricity hazards danger signboards, danger /red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the staff and workers. The details are provided in Annexure 2.

• Impact on women especially during the construction phase when there will be an increased movement of strangers in the area and also due to the blockage of access roads: Constructors will ensure that Construction site are properly lit and minimize blockage of access roads

The environmental issues associated with transmission projects are manageable since (a) They are mostly localised to Right of Way (ROW); (b) the ‘footprint’ associated with towers is small and (c) there is flexibility in siting facilities within relatively large host area. The transmission line project may have some adverse effects on natural resources however, they can be minimized by careful route selection and siting of substations. The potential environment impacts and the respective management measures are provided below: There are certain negative environment Impact of the project. The intensity of these impacts is very low. These include- • Clearing of trees with in Right of Way (ROW) - Care must be taken to avoid thick vegetation; towers to be located where vegetation is thin. This will greatly minimize tree loss and compensation to be paid to tree owners. Clearance for trees to be cut will be taken from concerned authorities and if required compensatory afforestation (CA) has to be done in association with the concerned authorities. Trimming of trees should be done in consultation with the horticulture department. • Aesthetic appeal - The route is to be planned to avoid any dense habitation or forested area. The clearing of trees must be kept to minimum and clearing of trees must be kept to minimum and wherever possible, trimming of trees must be adopted vis-à-vis felling of trees. • Soil and water contamination due to unscientific disposal of used transformer oil, lead battery and electrical and electronic equipment - Follow laid down procedures for safe disposal of used transformer oil, lead battery and electrical and electronic equipment • Global warming due to Mishandling and leakage of SF6 gas - Proper maintenance of equipment to minimize leakage

The environmental impacts related to construction and operations of substations and corresponding mitigation methods are provided below: • Used Transformer Oil - As a part of routine maintenance, transformer oil is changed every 10- 15 years. The removal of the oil is generally carried out at the central depot. The volume generated is very limited and at long intervals. Further, it is disposed of centrally through authorized recycler. Hence, overall no significant adverse impact is anticipated. • e-Waste - The scrapped electrical and electronic waste generated from routine maintenance activities include damaged components, electrical fittings & fixtures etc. These are collected centrally and disposed of through MSTC Limited, a Govt. of India Enterprise. No significant adverse environmental impacts are anticipated from handling and storage of the e-waste at the site. • Drainage Congestion - Appropriate drainage and sewage network to be provided at the

13 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

substations to avoid flooding, land and water pollution. Regular inspection, cleaning and maintenance of the drainage systems in and around the site needs to be ensured, especially if construction works are carried out during the wet season.

Thus, the limited temporal and spatial scale of the project and careful selection of the transmission line alignment and substation sites has resulted in there being no major negative impact and the few minor ones are being mitigated by employing careful measure and ensuring that effective compensation is payed to the adversaries.

In addition to environment and social impact management methods specified above, it is recommended that a Labour Management Plan (LMP) is drawn to upheld the workers’ rights and lay down guidelines to ensure workers’ health and safety. Suggested elements of LMP are provided below: • Develop policies and procedures to uphold the national law governing working hours, contracting terms, wages, leave, equality, vulnerability and diversity, retrenchment, collective bargaining, hiring and recruitment, minimum age, child labour and bonded labour. • Induction training of workers highlights all their rights and obligations, mechanisms in place to ensure they are upheld • Create and maintain labour registers, daily worker check-in checkout registers, leave and rest day/holiday lists and issue payslips • Develop procedures to ensure contracts contain working conditions and terms & conditions for workers • Develop affable environment for union representatives to discuss issues with the management • Develop feedback and grievance redressal systems and train the workforce • Develop mechanism to monitor and evaluate suppliers and contractors through tender control measures by binding them to ensure workforce rights, welfare, safety & health and protection. • Communication and worker engagement protocols for safety and health guidelines and checklists • Training of personnel for monitoring and ensuring compliance to safety and health standards • The entire employee/worker records (demographic details, type of worker, rights, terms & conditions) shall be maintained from hiring to retrenchment. • Accident incident reporting system • Develop standards of accommodation aligned to regulatory requirement

Implementation Schedule of ESMP: ESMP activities will be undertaken in consistency with the overall civil works schedule. The overall implementation schedule of the civil works and ESMP is provided below: • The implementation will start with securing the land for sub-stations and approval on projects • After issue of LOI to the Contracting agency, check survey will be done by both contracting agency and APTRANSCO jointly. • Civil work will start in Quarter 2 with construction of Origin Bays and Substations. Construction of Substation will take one year. • As government land, free from encroachment, has been secured for all the three substations, no compensation is to be paid in lieu of securing the land for substations • The erection of towers and laying of lines will start with check survey. The check survey will start in Quarter 2. • During/after check survey, Land owners are identified in coordination with VRO 14 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

and Mandal Surveyor duly listing the details of Survey No., Land ownership, Name of village and Mandal. • Prior intimation will be given to the farmers regarding tower foundation locations, route and corridor of the Transmission line etc. • Prior information will be given to farmers to harvest crops and/or not to have trees beyond permissible limits. • Meeting will be conducted with Thasildar and Farmers for informing the project details, its importance and advantages. Details of compensation payable in respect of land, corridor, crop and trees. Any other queries raised by the farmer will also be examined and resolved to their satisfaction. • Compensation acceptance forms will be signed by the farmers and concerned VRO in identification of the farmer. Necessary documents such as Land Passbook, Aadhaar Card etc., will be attached to acceptance form. Meeting report along with Acceptance forms will be sent to RDO. All the reports will be consolidated, verified and will be sent to the District Collector for approval. Thasildar, will furnish the Land valuation details in the report along with acceptance forms. • Crop and trees damage compensation will be decided by the concerned Agriculture Officer and will be furnished in the crop compensation form, acceptance will be taken from the farmers. • After approval from District Collector & Agriculture Officer, the compensations will be paid by APTRANSCO to the farmers directly by way of cheque. • It should be ensured that the compensation is paid prior to commencement of civil work. Grievance Redressal Mechanism

The grievance redressal mechanism (GRM) provides the procedure to address/resolve the concerns and grievances of people affected by the projects. The GRM is as follows: • SE (OMC) and respective EE (Construction) of the district are responsible to resolve any complaint or grievance raised by the public • In case grievances are not resolved to the satisfaction of parties involved, at the district level, complaints/grievances should be escalated to CE (Zone) • CE (Construction) and SE (Project Monitoring) head the Grievance Redressal Mechanism, monitor the functioning of GRM and are the final authorities for escalation of any unresolved grievances within APTRANSCO • In case the grievances are not resolved at the utility level. The people can approach the judicial authority and file a court case against the utilities.

Financial provisions required to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts as underlined in this document. The tentative cost estimates for environmental and social management are provided below: • Budget for Management and Mitigation of Social Impacts Total estimated compensation, for tree and crop damage, area under the tower footing and RoW corridor, across the three lines is INR 5.31 crore

• Budget for Management and Mitigation of Environmental Impacts Total estimated cost per sample is INR 16,000. The cost of individual tests and tests to be undertaken during Construction phase are provided below: — Ambient air quality monitoring as per the NAAQ standards (Particulate Matter – PM10) – INR 10,000 — Ambient noise levels testing INR 5,000

15 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

— Water Quality testing as per the IS 10500 standards (pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, oil & grease) – INR 5,000

Tests to be undertaken during Operation Phase — Water quality testing as per the IS 10500 standards (pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, oil & grease) – INR 5000

This ESMP document will be disclosed on the website of APTRANSCO to receive comments and inputs from public. Executive Summary of the ESMP will be translated into Telugu for wider reach.

16 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 1: Introduction

Background and Context The Government of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with the Government of India (GoI) to implement launch the ‘Power for All” initiative with the aim of ensuring 24x7 power supply in the State of Andhra Pradesh (AP). Broadly, interventions under this initiative will focus on ensuring the adequacy of power transmission and distribution systems, and on improvement of operational efficiency and customer satisfaction.

To help achieve these aims, the GoAP has approached the World Bank (through GoI) for financial and technical support. Specifically, theWorld Bank’s support has been sought in the following areas: (a) establishment new transmission and distribution sub-stations; (b) upgrading of existing sub-stations; (c) laying of transmission and distribution lines (overhead and underground); and (d) deploying of smart grid technologies.

As these interventions focus on improvements in both the transmission and distribution systems, they will be implemented through all three AP State power utilities, viz. Transmission Corporation of Andhra Pradesh Limited (APTRANSCO); Andhra Pradesh Southern Power Distribution Company Limited (APSPDCL); and Andhra Pradesh Eastern Power Distribution Company Limited (APEPDCL). Each utility has proposed a list of interventions (packaged into various schemes) for the World Bank’s support. APTRANSCO has identified twelve such schemes with a combined cost of approximately INR 516.09 crore. Each scheme consists of erection of a new transmission substation and stringing of 132 kV or 220 kV DC radial lines (conductors) to connect the substation with the existing system. Package 4, which is the focus of this document, consists of three schemes that are to be implemented in the Nellore, Krishna and Chittoor of AP. The total cost of works in Package 4 is approximately INR 101.35 crore and the details of works to be undertaken are given below:

1. Erection of substations: Three new transmission substations are proposed as part of Package 4. These substations will augment power supply to existing 33 / 11 kV distribution substations in order to meet increased demand for power, prevent overloading of the system, and ensure uninterrupted power supply to end users. One substation at Kadivedu in Nellore District, Bantumilli in Krishna District and Mangalam in Chittoor District. APTRANSCO has endeavored to identify Government land parcels for the construction of these substations so as to avoid securing of private lands. Table 1 gives an overview of these land parcels including their area, current land use, and ownership status. Details of the lands proposed are in the impact section of this document.

2. Stringing of 132 kV connecting radial lines (conductors): The three proposed substations will be connected to existing system by laying new transmission lines and / or stringing second lines on existing transmission towers. In selecting routes for both new transmission lines and second lines, APTRANSCO has endeavored to minimize inconvenience by avoiding dense horticultural orchards, fish ponds, irrigation ponds, residential areas, social / culturally important sites etc. wherever possible. Table 2 provides an overview of the lines to be laid, including the proposed route, length of the line, and the RoW requirements that may arise. Details on the lines as well as an analysis of alternatives is provided in Chapter 5 this document.

17 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Table 1: Details of substations to be constructed under Package 4

Location of Proposed Substation Land S.No Required Current Land Use & Ownership Status Village Block District (Acres)

The identified land parcel is vacant land and free of encroachment. The land is adjoining to R & B

Road which leads to Gudur to Kota. As of May 2018, the possession of land has been transferred 1. Kadivedu Chillakur Nellore 5 acres to APTRANSCO.

The identified land parcel is within the compound of an existing APSPDCL 33 / 11 kV 1.75 substation. The land was originally in the name of the erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State 2. Bantumilli Bantumilli Krishna acres Electricity Board (APSEB) and is currently in possession of APSPDCL. It is available for use by APTRANSCO. The identified land parcel is government land which was under the possession of Revenue Department. As of Aug 2017, the possession of land has been transferred to APTRANSCO. The land is vacant and free of encroachment. It is surrounded by private land on one side, a road 3. Mangalam Tirupati Chittoor 4 acres on one side and land of revenue department on two sides. The entire surrounding area is also vacant.

Table 2: Details of transmission lines to be laid under Package 4

New / Distance of Line Villages on Proposed Proposed Route Second Line from RoW Considerations Length Route Stringing Village (Km) I. Lines Connecting to Proposed Kadivedu Substation Erection of 132kV DC 16.4 New Piduru 0.2 km • The proposed line will be passing through the agricultural fields. radial line from Manubolu 1 km • The proposed line crosses Venkannapalem irrigation canal. 400/220/132kV SS • The proposed route runs parallel to NH-16 (Chennai – Kolkata Venkannapalem 1.5 km Manubolu to the Highway) Nancharampeta 0.5 km proposed 132/33 kV • The proposed route crosses existing 132 KV lines (Lilo Manubolu, Kadivedu substation Muthyalapadu 0.5 km Gudur-Chendodu) at one point

Kadivedu 1.5 km

18 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

II. Lines Connecting to Proposed Bantumilli Substation 132kV DC line from 19.02 New Kondapalli 1.5 km • The proposed line will be passing through agricultural fields. 132kV SS • For the 23 km second stringing line there are no RoW Chigurukota to the Kattubadipalem 0.5 km considerations proposed 132/33kV SS • Pinapaka 0.25 km In the proposed route there are aqua culture ponds for 2kms Bantumilli • There is Pedda Tummidi Drain crossing on the proposed route Chevuturu 0.8 km • The proposed route crosses through Campbell Canal • The proposed transmission line will be crossing following roads: Venkatapuram 0.7 km Chigurukota to Gollapalem road, Gollapalem to Narasayapalem road, Narasayapalem to Rajanagaram road, Rajanagaram to Gurrajupalem 0.3 km Devapudi, Devapudi to Utukuru road, Penama gudem to Pedda tummidi drain road, Pedda tummidi drain to Chinna tummidi road, Mylavaram 1 km Chinna tummidi to Jayapuram road, Jayapuram to Lakshmi Narayana puram road, Lakshmi Narayana to Janaki puram, Janaki ram puram to Bantumili. III. Lines Connecting to Proposed Mangalam Substation 132kV DC line from 19.32 New Chindepalli 1 km • The proposed line will be passing largely through the paddy fields 220/132 kV SS and waste land Merlapaka 0.5 km Rachagunneri to the • The proposed line is at a distance of about 1 km from IIT Tirupati proposed 132/33kV SS Kotha Kandriga 0.2 km and more than 250 m distance from Lanco Cement Factory in Mangalam Mangalam Balakrishnapuram 0.2 km • The proposed line crosses existing 132 KV Renigunta- Amara Raja Yerpedu 0.5 km line • The proposed line crosses existing 220 KV Renigunta –C.K. Palli Sitharampeta 0.5 km DC line and 220 KV Renigunta – Racahgunneri DC line Venkatapuram 0.5 km • The proposed line crosses existing 400 KV Nellore – Chennai DC line Anjimedu 0.2 km • The proposed line crosses the 1. No. BG OHE Railway line Krishnapuram 0.2 km • The proposed line crosses the Yerpedu – Venkatagiri and Renigunta –Kadapa state highways S.U. Puram 0.5 km • The proposed line passes over a water tank before entering the R. Mallavaram 0.5 km Mangalam SS Gollapalli 0.5 km Venkamanaidupalli 0.5 km

19 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

The activities undertaken for erection of substation and stringing of lines might result in following impacts:

1. Loss of land: Land is required to construct a substation. The land for substation can be secured using one of the following ways: a. Transfer of Government land to utility b. Voluntary donation c. Purchase of land on willing buyer and willing seller basis on negotiated price d. Involuntary acquisition of land The land requirement for setting-up a 132/33 KV is 5 acres.1 2. Change in land-use pattern: In all the four cases, there might be changes in the land use pattern in case the site identified for the project is currently being used for some other purposes. For instance, sometimes government land is also leased out for some other activity. That land has to be reclaimed for construction of sub-stations and towers. 3. Reduction in value of farm land: There is a decrease in value of land around the substations. 4. Restricted use of land and right of way (RoW): The MoEF guidelines mandate utilities to maintain right of way corridors for transmission lines. Voltage Width of RoW* (in meters) 132 KV 27 *Width of Right of Way is as per MoEF guidelines dated May 2014 In the width of the RoW trees are cut or pruned to the extent required for preventing electrical hazards by maintaining the following: Voltage Minimum clearance between conductor and trees (in meters) 132 KV 4.0

Objective and Scope of the Assessment As part of the process of securing World Bank support, the environmental and social impacts of the proposed interventions need to be identified so that measures can be taken to enhance the positive impacts while avoiding, managing or mitigating the negative ones.

An Environment and Social Management Framework (ESMF) was prepared which identifies all possible impacts of the proposed investments and suggests measures for their management / mitigation based on national laws and World Bank operational policies. The objectives of the ESMF are to: • Identify potential social and environmental impacts of the proposed project activities • Ensure compliance with applicable national and local guidelines • Ensure compliance with World Bank safeguard policies • Minimize the potential adverse impacts and maximize the potential positive impacts of the proposed investments • Lay down the procedure for preparing investment specific Environment and Social Management Plans (ESMP)

1 Reference manuals on construction and operational practices of EHV substations & lines and commercial and load dispatch operations. Available at: http://www.aptransco.gov.in/transco/images/APTRANSCO-Technical-reference- book-2011-vol-ii.pdf 20 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

While the ESMF is a common framework for all interventions being financed by the World Bank, specific and detailed Environment and Social Impact Assessments (ESIA) are to be carried out for each individual intervention. The objective is to capture the specific impacts (from the list of potential impacts in the ESMF) that are relevant to a particular intervention. Based on the ESIA, an intervention-specific Environment and Social Management Plan (ESMP) will be developed which clearly mentions which of the management / mitigation measures mentioned in the ESMF will be triggered in the case of that specific intervention.

In line with these requirements, APTRANSCO has hired consultants to carry out an ESIA for Package 4 of their interventions. This document presents the findings of this ESIA along with the ESMP developed on its basis. The approach and methodology followed for carrying out the ESIA and developing the ESMP is described below.

Approach and Methodology

Approach The approach used for conducting the ESIA of Package 4 has been developed keeping in mind the difference in the nature of work involved in the two main interventions proposed by APTRANSCO; viz., erection of substations and laying of transmission lines. This distinction is made due to the differing nature and degree of impacts (environmental and social) that result from constructing a substation as opposed to laying of transmission towers and lines.

As substation construction takes place on a defined land parcel, impacts resulting from the work are localized to that particular land parcel and its immediate surroundings. Such impacts are ‘chunky’ in nature, i.e. concentrated but limited to a specific locality. For example, while the land on which the substation is erected can no longer be put to any other use, the surrounding land parcels are not necessarily affected.

Conversely, transmission lines are laid over a distance of many kilometres and hence the impacts arising from this work are diffused over a larger area. The extent of impact on any one specific area, however, is limited when compared to construction of substations. For instance, the extent of land required for erecting a transmission tower is much less than that required for constructing a substation. Further, while there are some restrictions on use of land around the towers and under the conductors (e.g. planting of trees or construction of high rise buildings), the land can still be used for purposes such as crop cultivation.

The activity of stringing of transmission lines can similarly be divided into two sub-components: (a) Stringing conductors on new transmission towers, and (b) Stringing of second circuits on existing transmission towers.

In order to connect the proposed substations in Package 4 to the existing transmission system, APTRANSCO will need to lay some new transmission lines. This involves erection of transmission towers and stringing of conductors from these towers. As a certain amount of clearance needs to be maintained from the conductors (27m horizontal and 4m vertical clearance for a 132 kV line) a Right of Way (RoW) corridor needs to be secured, both for the area under the tower footing as well as for the area under, over, and along the conductors. Securing this RoW corridor will impose some restriction on the use of land in the corridor. For instance horticultural trees cannot be planted along or under the line.

The data collection and field visit plans for the ESIA were prepared keeping these differences in mind. Throughout this document impacts (and their management / measures) arising from construction of substations has been discussed separately from those arising from laying of

21 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

transmission lines.

In order to assess the environmental and social impacts, both secondary and primary data collection was undertaken. Figure 2 depicts the basic approach used and the detailed methodology is elaborated in the next section. Figure 1: Approach to conducting ESIA for Package 4

Methodology The detailed methodology used for the ESIA was as follows: 1. Desk Review: The assessment team reviewed all relevant documents related to Package 4 including the detailed project report, site survey and assessment sheets, topographic and / or Google Earth maps showing substation locations and proposed routes, the analysis of alternate routes (where available), and land documents for the proposed substation sites. Further, discussions were held with the Divisional Engineers, Assistant Divisional Engineers and Assistant Engineers responsible for implementing Package 4 to understand in more detail the rationale behind selection of substation land parcels and route alignments. At this time a generic socio-economic and environmental baseline was established for the Districts in which the interventions were to be carried. 2. Identifying Parameters for Field Assessment: Based on the list of impacts and the policy framework identified in the ESMF document, the assessment team formulated a checklist of key parameters to be assessed during the field visits. This checklist included environmental parameters like: – Whether the substation and / or transmission lines would pass through environmentally sensitive areas like forests, wildlife sanctuaries, streams, canals, wetlands etc.; thereby affecting bio-diversity of the area – Whether the proposed works would affect drainage patterns or lead to soil, water and air contamination; – Whether proposed work would lead to greater noise pollution

The checklist also included social parameters such as: – Whether the substation creation would lead to loss of private lands and lead to resettlement of peoples – The extent of restriction in land use caused the proposed works and the impact this would have on the social and economic life of people in the surrounding areas – Whether the proposed works would in any way have a negative effect on vulnerable groups such as scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, women, marginal farmers etc. – Whether the proposed works would in any way adversely affect access to social infrastructure such as roads, medical facilities, educational facilities etc. – Whether the proposed works would pass through or near historically, culturally or religiously sensitive areas

3. Field visits: Filed visits were conducted at all three substation locations. The 22 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

assessment team carried out visual inspections of the sites to ensure that sufficient area is available for the substation construction and that the land parcels were free of squatters and encroachments of any kind. An assessment was also made of whether the proposed work would affect drainage patterns at the site. The lands immediately around the proposed substation sites were also inspected to determine whether they would be affected in anyway by the construction and / or the feeder lines that would connect to the substations. In each of the three locations, consultations were held with people living / working around the substation as well as those living in the village to solicit their views / concerns regarding the proposed construction. Inspections were also carried out and at key points along the proposed transmission lines. These key points were selected based on accessibility and proximity to areas of key interest like forested areas, canals, villages / habitations, roads, schools / colleges, hospitals, horticultural gardens etc. (if any). In cases where second stringing is to be carried out on existing towers, the assessment team walked / drove along the existing lines at all accessible points to identify any obstacles. In the case of new lines, the team walked / drove across the route identified by the surveyors. In both cases, the team covered a minimum of 20% of the proposed length of all the proposed lines, including the start and termination points of the lines, and the key crossing points where the existing or proposed lines pass over roads, highways, canals, ponds, or near buildings. Additionally, consultations were held with people living in villages close to the proposed route to solicit their views / concerns regarding the laying of transmission towers and lines in the vicinity. 4. Data analysis and report writing: The data collected during the field visits was analysed and interpreted in the context of the impacts, policy framework and management / mitigation measures documented in the ESMF. Based on the analysis, a detailed ESMP was created which is to be used by APTRANSCO during the execution of the works. The remaining report is structured as follows. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the policy context which influences the management / mitigation measures suggested in this report. The policies examined include national laws, regulations and guidelines as well as the World Bank operational policies.

Chapter 3 describes the overall socio-economic and environmental profile of the Districts in which the proposed works will be executed. Emphasis is on the villages close to the proposed substations or transmission lines.

Chapter 4 summarises the stakeholder consultations that were held at the substation sites and along the transmission lines. Chapter 5 presents the analysis of alternate alignments of transmission towers and lines, as well as the rationale for selecting the proposed alignments.

Chapter 6 discusses the likely impacts that may occur as a result of the proposed works and recommends management / mitigation measures. The chapter is divided into two sections: the first dealing with the impacts arising from substation construction; and the second dealing with the impacts arising from laying of transmission lines. Chapter 7 is the detailed ESMP that was developed based on the discussion presented in Chapter 4. Chapter 8 details out the implementation arrangements for project implementation and grievance redressal Chapter 9 provides a budget estimate of the costs involved in implementing the ESMP provisions.

23 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 2: Policy Framework Policies Related to Social Impacts The management and mitigation of the social impacts identified in ESIA will be carried out in accordance with relevant national laws, rules and policies as well international standards and guidelines. The table below provides an overview of those legal and regulatory provisions that are potentially applicable to this project. Based on this framework, the impact management and mitigation framework has been developed in the subsequent section. Table 3: Social policy framework

Act / Rules/ Applicability to Applicable provisions Policies Package 4 Constitutional Provisions 1 73rd Amendment Enables participation of Panchayat level institutions in Participation of Gram of Constitution, decision-making and supporting preparation and Sabha for 1992 implementation of development schemes. determining compensation for package 4

Laws of the Land 1 Ministry of These guidelines determine the compensation payable for Determining Power, erection of towers and laying of transmission lines. Details are: compensation for Guidelines for For Towers: Compensation is given at 100% of land value as Tower Footing and Payment of determined by District Magistrate or any other authority, for the RoW for corridor for all Compensation tower base area (between four legs). 3 projects covered Towards For Right of Way (RoW) Corridor: Compensation subject to under package 4 Damages in a maximum of 10% of land value, will be given towards Regard to Right diminution of land value in the width of the RoW corridor due to of Way for laying of transmission lines. For the purpose of this project, it Transmission will be applicable to 132 kV transmission lines laid by Lines, 2015 APTRANSCO. The width of the RoW corridor for these lines is 27 meters. The rules followed by Andhra Pradesh are as follows: i. Compensation towards temporary crop and tree damage as well as structures will be paid as stipulated in the Electricity Act 2003 and Telegraph Act 1885 are paid for both tower footing and corridor. The value of compensation for fruit bearing trees is determined by the horticulture department and this is revised from time to time. The value of compensation for crop damage is determined by the agriculture officer and is determined on a case by case basis. Over and above the normal crop and tree damage, the land owner is compensated for the land taken up by the tower base. The value of compensation is determined by the District Collector and is set on the basis of voltage. The compensation is determined separately for each zone. ii. Government of Andhra Pradesh vide G.O. Rt. No. 83 Dated: 20.06.2017 issued Guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regard to Right of Way for transmission Lines. iii. APTRANSCO Vide TOO (Addl. Secy - Per) Ms.No.511 Dated 07.08.2017 made the guidelines applicable to the Right of Way from the date of issue of G.O. Rt. No. 83.

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Act / Rules/ Applicability to Applicable provisions Policies Package 4 2. Andhra The Government Land, for construction of substations, will be Securing land for the Pradesh allocated in accordance of this policy. 3 sub-stations to be Government constructed under Land Allotment package 4 Policy G.O. Ms. No. 571 – 14.09.2012 3. The Electricity The act provides transmission utilities with the authority to place Authorizes Act, 2003 (With towers, poles and lines on any land as required. It further lays APTRANSCO to Amendments in down the parameters for the same, stating that land for lines place towers and lay 2003 & 2007) and towers will not be acquired and appropriate compensation lines over private land will be paid by power utilities. after paying due compensation

4 The Indian Under Section 164 of the Electricity Act, 2003, for the placing Authorizes Telegraph Act, of electric lines or electrical plant for the transmission of APTRANSCO to 1885 electricity, the ‘Appropriate Government can confer upon a place towers and lay licensee any of the powers which the telegraph authority lines over private land possesses under the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 with respect to after paying due the placing of telegraph lines and posts for the purposes of a compensation telegraph established or maintained, by the Government or to be so established or maintained.

5 The Right to The Act can be used by citizens to secure access to information Citizens (including the Information Act, under the control of public authorities (APTRANSCO) and can people affected by 2005 be useful for Grievance Redressal. Package 4) can request for information from APTRANSCO. 6 Indian Treasure The Act provides for procedures to be followed in case of If any treasure or Trove Act, 1878 finding of any treasure, archaeological artefacts etc. during archaeological as amended in excavation. Possibilities of such discoveries are quite remote artefacts are found 1949 due to limited and shallow excavations. However, in case of during the digs made such findings the concerned Utility will follow the laid down as part of civil work. procedure in the Section-4 of Act. 7 Central Electricity The provisions of these regulations are in addition to and not in Provides minimum Authority (Safety derogation of the provisions of any other law in force for the Employee Safety requirements for time being and provides safety provisions relating to Owner standards to be construction, (utilities) and specifies that owner shall make safety provisions followed for any work operation and an integral part of work processes to ensure safety of undertaken as part of maintenance of employees including employees of contractor, sub-contractor package 4 Electrical Plants as well as visitors. The regulations further provide provisions and Electric lines) for setting up of safety management system, safety manual, Regulations, 2011 safety officer and safety committee, reporting of accidents, emergency management plan, mock drills and medical facilities. The regulations also specify safety provisions relating to contractor.

25 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Act / Rules/ Applicability to Applicable provisions Policies Package 4 8 Central Regulations specify general safety precautions pertaining to Provides minimum Electricity construction, installation, protection, operation and Safety standards to be Authority maintenance of electric supply lines and apparatus including followed for any (Measures service lines and apparatus on consumer’s premises, installation on relating to switchgear on consumer’s premises, identification of earthed consumer premises as safety and and earthed neutral conductors and position of switches and part of package 4 electric supply) switch gears thereon, earthed terminal on consumer’s Regulations, premises, accessibility of bare conductors and placement of 2010 danger notices

Applicable Labour Laws - The detailed implementation arrangements, systems and process to safeguard the rights of workers / employees health and safety is part of the Annexure 2.

9 Workmen The Act extends to the whole of India and provides for For ensuring Compensation compensation in case of injury by accident arising out of and employee’s rights and Act 1923 during the course of employment. benefits for all projects in package 4 10 Payment of Gratuity is payable to an employee under the Act on For ensuring Gratuity Act 1972 satisfaction of certain conditions on separation if an employee employee’s rights and has completed 5 years of service or more or on death the rate benefits for all of 15 days wages for every completed year of service. The projects in package 4 Act is applicable to all establishments employing 10 or more l 11 Employees P.F. The Act for monthly contributions by the employer plus For ensuring and workers @10% or 8.33%. The benefits payable under the Act employee’s rights Miscellaneous are: and benefits for all Provision Act • Pension or family pension on retirement or death, as the projects in package 4 1952 case may be • Deposit linked insurance on the death in harness of the worker. • Payment of P. F. accumulation on retirement /death etc. 12 Maternity The Act provides for leave and some other benefits to women For ensuring rights Benefits Act 1951 employees in case of confinement or miscarriage etc. and benefits for women employees 13 Contract labour The Act provides for certain welfare measures to be provided by For ensuring (Regulation & the contractor to contract labour and in case the Contractor employee’s rights and Abolition) Act fails to provide, the same are required to be provided, by the benefits for all 1970 principal Employer by Law. The Principal Employer is required projects in package 4 to take Certificate of Registration and the Contractor is required to take license from the designated officer. The Act is applicable to the establishments or Contractor of Principal Employer if they employ 20 or more contract labour. 14 Minimum Wages The Employer is supposed to pay not less than the Minimum For ensuring Act 1948 Wages fixed by appropriate Government as per provision of employee’s rights and the Act if the employment is a scheduled employment. benefits for all Construction of Buildings, Roads, Runways are scheduled projects in package 4 employment’s 15 Payment of It lays down as to by what date the wages are to be paid, For ensuring Wages Act 1936 when it will be paid and what deductions can be made from employee’s rights and benefits for all projects the wages of the workers. in package 4

26 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Act / Rules/ Applicability to Applicable provisions Policies Package 4 16 Equal The Act provides for payment of equal wages for work of equal Ensure rights of Remuneration nature to Male and Female workers and for not making women employees Act 1979 discrimination against Female employees in the matters of working on package 4 transfers, training and promotions etc. 17 Payment of The Act is applicable to all establishments employing 20 or For ensuring Bonus Act 1965 more employees. The Act provides for payments of annual employee’s rights and bonus subject to a minimum of 8.33% of wages and maximum of benefits for all 20% of wages to employees drawing Rs.3500/- per month or projects in package 4 less. The bonus to be paid to employees getting Rs.2500/- per month or above up to Rs.3500/- per month shall be worked out by taking wages as Rs.2500/- per month only. The Act does not apply to certain establishments. The newly set-up establishments are exempted for five years in certain circumstances. Some of the State Governments have 18 Industrial The Act lays down the machi nery and procedure for resolution For ensuring Disputes Act 1947 of Industrial disputes and what are the requirements of laying employee’s rights and off or retrenching the employees or closing down the benefits for all establishments. projects in package 4 19 Industrial It is applicable to all establishments employing 100 or more For ensuring Employment workmen (employment size reduced by some of the States and employee’s rights and (Standing Orders) Central government to 50). The Act provides for laying down benefits for all Act 1946 rules governing the conditions of employment by the projects in package 4 Employment on matters provided in the Act and get the same certified by the designated Authority.

20 Trade Union Act The Act lays down the procedure for registration of trade unions For ensuring 1926 of workmen and employers. The Trade Unions registered employee’s rights and under the Act have been given certain immunities from civil and benefits for all criminal liabilities projects in package 4 21 Child Labour The Act prohibits employment of children below 14 years of For ensuring that no (prohibition & age in certain occupations and process and provides for children are Regulation) Act regulation of employment of children in all other occupations employed in the 1986 and processes. Employment of Child Labour is prohibited in construction works for Building and Construction Industry. projects in package 4 22 Inter-State The Act is applicable to an establishment which employ 5 or For ensuring Migrant more inter-state migrant workmen through an intermediary (who employee’s rights and Workmen’s has recruited workmen in one state for employment in the benefits for all (Regulation of establishment situated in another state). The Inter State projects in package 4 Employment & migrant workmen, in an establishment to which this Act Conditions of becomes applicable, are required to be provided certain Service) Act 1979 facilities such as housing, medical aid, traveling expenses from home up to the establishment and back, etc.

27 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Act / Rules/ Applicability to Applicable provisions Policies Package 4 23 The Building All the establishments who carry on any building or other For ensuring And Other construction work and employs 10 or more workers are employee’s rights and Construction covered under this Act. All such establishments are required benefits for all Workers to pay cess at the rate not exceeding 2% of the cost of projects in package 4 (Regulation of construction as may be modified by the Government. The Employment and Employer of the establishment is required to provide safety Conditions of measures at the building or construction work and other Service) Act welfare measures, such as Canteens, First- Aid facilities, 1996 and the Ambulance, Housing accommodations for workers near the Cess Act of 1996 work place etc. The Employer to whom the Act applies has to obtain a registration certificate from the Registering Officer appointed by the Government.

World Bank Operational Policies

24 Involuntary This policy covers direct economic and social impacts that Applicable to package Resettlement both result from Bank-assisted investment projects, and are 4 as laying of high (OP 4.12) caused by the involuntary taking of land. To avoid or minimize voltage (132 KV) lines involuntary resettlement and, where this is not feasible, assist and erection of towers displaced persons in improving or at least restoring their will limit the economic livelihoods and standards of living in real terms relative to pre- activities that can be displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the undertaken in RoW. beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. It also lays principles followed for selection of site for substations and route alignment of the lines

25 Physical Cultural This policy assists countries to avoid or mitigate adverse Lays principles to be Resources (OP impacts on physical cultural resources from the Bank financed followed for selection 4.11) development projects. The policy defines physical cultural of site for substation resources as movable or immovable objects, sites, structures, and route alignment of groups of structures, and natural features and landscapes that the lines to be have archaeological, paleontological, historical, architectural, constructed as part of religious, aesthetic, or other cultural significance. Physical package 4 cultural resources may be located in urban or rural settings, and may be above or below ground, or under water. Their cultural interest may be at the local, provincial or national level, or within the international community. Ait Mt & Ah l i l Sit d Ri At The policy, legal and administrative acts, laws, regulations and guidelines provide a framework

for managing the impacts identified in the previous section. The next section describes the applicability of the policy, legal and administrative framework to manage the negative impacts of the proposed projects. The next section also identifies the arrangements within the utilities and amongst other institutions and stakeholder groups like panchayats, forest department, revenue department etc. to manage the impacts.

28 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Policies Related to Environmental Impacts

Table 4: Environmental Policy Framework

Constitutional Provisions

The State shall endeavour to protect and improve the environment and A Article 48 A to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India to protect and improve the B Article 51 A (g) natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.

The policy seeks to stimulate partnerships of different stakeholders, i.e. public agencies, local communities, academic and scientific institutions,

the investment community, and international development partners, in

harnessing their respective resources and strengths for environmental C Environmental management. The dominant theme of this policy is that while Policy, 2006 conservation of environmental resources is necessary to secure livelihoods and well-being of all, the most secure basis for conservation is to ensure that people dependent on particular resources obtain better livelihoods from the fact of conservation, than from degradation of the resource."

Provisions/Law Applicability of Land/Rules Electricity Act, 2003 Transmission line projects are constructed under the ambit of Electricity Act, (EA, 2003) 2003 following the provisions of Section 67 & 68 of Act. Under the provisions of Section 68(1):-Prior approval of the Govt. of Andhra Pradesh (GoAP) is a mandatory requirement to undertake any new transmission project 66kV upward and for distribution project of 33kV system in the State which authorizes APTRANSCO, APSPDCL, APEPDCL (herein and after referred to as utilities) to plan and coordinate activities to commission a new transmission/distribution project. The Electricity Act under Section 164 has a provision to grant licensee the power of Telegraph Authority as provided in the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 GoAP on request of utilities may by order in writing/through notification authorize them for using powers of telegraph authority after fulfilling the requirement as laid down in the rules thereof.

Forest (Conservation This Act provides for the conservation of forests and regulates the diversion Act, 1980 of forest land to non-forestry purpose. When any transmission/distribution line traverses forest land, prior clearance is mandatorily required from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), GoI under the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980.

29 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Provisions/Law Applicability of Land/Rules Environment It is an umbrella Act for the protection and improvement of environment. This (Protection) Act, 1986 Act as such is not applicable to transmission/ distribution projects of utilities. Project categories are specified under the schedule of the EIA notification. EPA is an umbrella Act under which several pollution prevention and control Acts and Rules such as Water (Prevention and Control of Water Pollution) Act, 1974 (as amended in 1988); The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, amended in 1987; The Noise Pollution (Regulation & Control) Rules, 2000 (as amended in 2002); Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008; Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification, 2011 (as amended) are prescribed under the Act. At all stages of the project, the compliance against the applicable conditions of these key Acts and Rules must be adhered to by the utilities.

The Water The purpose of this Act is to provide for the prevention and control of water (Prevention and pollution and maintaining or restoring of wholesomeness of water. The Act Control of Water asked for establishment of pollution control boards at central and state level Pollution) Act, 1974 and assigned functions and powers to these boards for the prevention and (as amended in control of water pollution and for matters connected therewith. 1988) For the current project, labour will mainly be resorted from the local sources and no significant camp site is envisaged hence, no significant sewage generation is anticipated.

The Air (Prevention The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 is an Act of the and Control of Parliament of India to control and prevent air pollution. It was amended in Pollution) Act, 1981, 1987. The project implementing utility will need to ensure that any amended in 1987 construction contractor setting up a labour camp takes consent to establish/NOC prior to its set-up in case an air pollution source above certain rated capacity is proposed to be installed at the camp site. For the current project, labour will mainly be resorted from the local sources and no significant camp site is envisaged. Some of the activities of the project that will generate fugitive emissions like dust will include movement of vehicles, excavation of pits for tower erection, operation of diesel generator sets at campsites or other construction activities among others. Appropriate measure must be taken to contain these emissions.

The Noise Pollution Noise Control Rules, 2000 (as amended) were notified to prescribe the (Regulation & ambient noise quality standards which have to be complied with in Control) Rules, 2000 different areas/zones viz., residential, commercial etc. These rules also restrict (as amended in the use of loud speakers and public addressal systems within certain time 2002) period. State Pollution Control Boards (SPCB) are provided with responsibility to monitor the implementation of the Rules. There will be generation of noise during the erection of transmission line during the construction activities during the project phases. Based on the land use classification, areas where the project phase is being executed may be falling under various categories such as Residential, Commercial etc. The day and night time noise limits as per the prescribed standards must be

30 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Provisions/Law Applicability of Land/Rules complied with by the executing agencies. Noise pollution generated from the project activities must stay within the prescribed limits (viz., standards specified by CPCB for different categories). Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPPCB) and district administration will be the enforcement agency for the current project location.

The Motor Vehicles The Motor Vehicles Act (MVA), 1988 regulates all aspects of road transport Act, 1988 (as vehicles. The Act provides in detail the legislative provisions regarding amended) and licensing of drivers/conductors, registration of motor vehicles, control of motor Central Motor vehicles through permits, special provisions relating to state transport Vehicle Rules, 1989 undertakings, traffic regulation, insurance, liability, offences and penalties, (as amended) etc. For exercising the legislative provisions of the Act, the Government of India made the Central Motor Vehicles Rules (CMVR), 1989. Ministry of Road Transport and Highways /State Transport is the nodal authority for the implementation and monitoring the provisions of the Act and the Rules. Vehicles will be required for movement of material and manpower at the project sites. As per Rule 115(1) of CMVR, 1989: “Every motor vehicle shall be maintained in such condition and shall be so driven so as to comply with the standards prescribed in these rules….” The pollution standards for in use vehicles have been prescribed under Rule 115(2) of Central Motor Vehicles Rules, 1989 (CMVR, 1989). All vehicles used for the project activities must have a valid Pollution under control (PUC) certificate. This certificate is mandatory for every vehicle. The owner needs to carry a valid pollution under control certificate and maintain vehicle in such a condition that it complies with the prescribed emission norms.

Ozone Depleting As per the notification, certain control and regulation has been imposed on Substances manufacturing, import, export, and use of these compounds. SF6 is used as (Regulation and an alternative to any ODS substance for providing insulation in transformers. Control) Rules, 2000

Batteries As per notification, being a bulk consumer, utilities (APTRANSCO/DISCOMS) (Management and shall ensure that the used batteries are disposed to registered recyclers only. Handling) Rules, A half-yearly return is to be filed as per Form-8 of these Rules and 2001 must be submitted to the Andhra Pradesh Pollution Control Board (APPCB).

Hazardous Wastes As per notification, used oil is categorized as hazardous waste and requires (Management, proper handling, storage and disposed only to authorized disposal facility Handling and (registered recyclers/ re-processors). Being a bulk user, utilities shall comply Transboundary with provision of said rules and obtain authorization for disposing off their Movement) Rules, used transformer oil to authorised recycler. 2008 As a bulk user of transformer oil which is categorized as Hazardous Waste, utilities shall comply with the provisions of the said rules if the practice of storing of used oil is maintained. In case it is decided to outsource the process of recycle of used oil to registered recycler as per the provisions of notification then utilities (APTRANSCO / APSPDCL / APEPDCL) shall submit the desired return in prescribed form to APPCB at the time of disposal of used oil.

31 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Provisions/Law Applicability of Land/Rules E-waste As per notification, bulk consumers like APTRANSCO/DISCOMS (viz., (Management and APSPDCL, APEPDCL) is to dispose e-waste generated by them in Handling) Rules, environmentally sound manner by channelizing to authorized collection 2011 centers/ registered dismantler/ recyclers/return to producers. APTRANSCO/DISCOMS, being a bulk consumer of electrical and electronics equipment’s shall obtain authorization under the Rules and maintain record as per Form-2 of these Rules for scrutiny by APPCB.

Coastal Regulation Notification imposes restrictions on setting up and expansion of industries, Zone (CRZ) operations or processes and the like in the CRZ: (i) the land area from high Notification, 2011 tide line (HTL) to 500 meters on the landward side along the sea front. (ii) (As amended) CRZ shall apply to the land area between HTL to 100 meters or width of the creek whichever is less on the landward side along the tidal influenced water bodies that are connected to the sea. Some of the key sub-project activities are proposed to be undertaken by the utilities (APTRANSCO/DISCOMS) in coastal areas. Hence, the notification will apply to the project and all provisions specified under the notification must be complied with throughout the stages of the project.

Biological Diversity This Act is not directly applicable to transmission projects because it deals Act, 2002 with the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its components and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources, knowledge and for matters connected therewith. Utilities (APTRANSCO/DISCOMS) must abide by the provision of the Act in case any component of transmission line passes through any of these wildlife protected area (national park/sanctuary), all necessary precautions will be required for sheltering scheduled wildlife under the Act.

Wildlife Protection The Act inter-alia deals with prohibition of hunting of wild animals except in Act, 1972 certain cases; protection of specified plants; declaration and protection of sanctuaries; restrictions on entry in sanctuary; prohibition on destruction in sanctuary except under a permit; declaration of national parks; power of central government to declare as sanctuaries. The state of Andhra Pradesh has several protected areas including 13 wildlife sanctuaries, 3 national parks and one tiger reserve including Nagarjuna Sagar–Srisailam Tiger Reserve (NSTR) which is the biggest tiger reserve of India. In case any component of transmission line passes through any of these wildlife protected area (national park/sanctuary), all necessary precautions will be required for sheltering scheduled wildlife under the Act. Rights of Way (RoW) In case of agricultural or private land the provisions of Section- 67 and or and Compensation Section-68 (5 & 6) of the Electricity Act, 2003 and Section-10 of the Indian Telegraph Act, 1885 are followed for assessment and payment of compensation towards such damages. The Electricity Act, These Rules specify general safety requirements for construction, 2003 and Indian installation, protection, operation and maintenance of electricity supply lines Electricity Rules, and apparatus. 1956 and 2005

32 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 3: Profile of Project Areas

Socio-Economic Profile

Nellore

The district covers an area of 13,076 sq. km and administrative headquarters is at Nellore City. This district is located in the south region in the state bordering Bay of Bengal on the east, Prakasam district in the north, Chittoor district and Chengalpattu district of Tamil Nadu in the south and Veligonda Hills in the west, which separate Nellore from Y.S.R. district. The district has a coastal line of 169 kms covering 12 mandals. There are 1177 Villages in Census 2011, of which 84 are un-inhabited and 1093 are habited, 46 mandals, 3 Revenue Divisions, 10 Towns (4 Statutory [1 municipal corporation and 3 municipalities] & 6 new census towns) and 4 Urban Agglomeration.

The district has broadly two natural divisions from North to South. The eastern half of the district adjoins coastal belt, which is fairly fertile and the western half of the district has low elevation towards west with large track of low shrub jungles diversified with rocky will stony plains. It lies between 13-30’ and 15-6’ of the Northern latitude and 70-5’ and 80-15’ of the Eastern longitude.

The total geographical area of the district is 13.08 lakh hectares. Of this 20.09% is forest area. The rest is distributed among barren and uncultivable land (10.56%) and land used for non- agricultural purposes (18.68%). The net area sown forms 25.96% while cultivable waste and fallow (current and old) lands Constitute 17.75%. Average area of holding size is 1.05 hectare2.

According to the Census 2011, population density of the district is 227 people per sq. km. The sex ratio of Nellore is 985. Child population in the age 0-6 is 224,081 in rural areas of which males were 115,556 and females were 108,525 and in urban areas is 80,228 of which males and females were 41,351 and 38,877. Average literacy rate in Nellore as per census 2011 is 68.90%. The literacy rate for females is 61.99% and for males is 75.74%.

In terms of religion, 89.07% of the population of Nellore is Hindu, 9.73% are Muslims, 0.88% are Christians, 0.01% are Sikhs and 0.09% are Jains are 0.09%. In rural area the scheduled castes comprise 22.49% of the District population (as opposed to 16.41% for the State as a whole) and scheduled tribes comprise 9.65% of the population (as opposed to 7% for the State as a whole).

The working population of the district is 44.36% (main and marginal workers) of the total population while non-workers constitute 55.64%. Disaggregated by gender, 57.60% of the male population are workers while 42.40% are non-workers; by comparison, only 30.92% of females are workers whereas 69.08% are non-workers.3

The District is endowed with variety of major and minor Minerals. They are Mica, Silica etc. Major crops produced in the district are Rice, Bajra, Groundnut, Cotton, Cotton and Tobacco.

2 Report on Agriculture Census, 2010-2011 of Andhra Pradesh. Available at: http://desap.cgg.gov.in/jsp/pdf/CLH-2010-11.pdf 3 http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2819_PART_B_DCHB_SRI%20POTTI%20SRIIAMULU%20NELLORE.pdf 33 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Villages covered under the Kakivedu line: The proposed substation in Nellore district will be located in the Kakivedu village of Chillakur block and 5 acres of government land has been identified for construction of the substation.

Figure 2: Location of proposed substation in Nellore

Proposed Substation Location

Locational profile of Transmission Lines It is proposed that the associated transmission lines for these substations pass near or through the villages mentioned in Table 5 below. While the lines will not pass through settlements, they would go over agricultural fields.

Table 5: List of villages in vicinity of proposed transmission lines

Line New / Second Villages on Distance of Line Proposed Route Length Stringing Proposed Route from Village

I. Lines Connecting to Proposed Kadivedu Erection of 132kV DC Piduru 0.2 km radial line from Manubolu 1 km 400/220/132kV SS Venkannapalem 1.5 km 25 km New Manubolu to the Nancharampeta 0.5 km proposed 132/33 kV Muthyalapadu 0.5km Kadivedu substation Kadivedu 1.5 km

Population break-up of the villages

Village Name Total Caste Break-up Sex Ratio Literacy Rate Population SC ST Others (F/M) M F Kadivedu 3708 39% 18% 43% 1003 62% 53% Piduru 2849 30% 27% 44% 977 64% 51% Manubolu 9838 26% 16% 58% 1068 65% 57% Venkannapalem 1313 59% 5% 36% 1026 60% 53% Muthyalapadu 3565 31% 18% 51% 1037 58% 47% Source: http://117.254.87.35/SPLP/Dashboard.aspx

34 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Krishna district Covering an area of 8,727 sq. Km., Krishna district is an administrative district located on the eastern side of the state on the Coromandal Coast of Bay of Bengal with 88 Kms of coastline. The District is bounded on the East by Bay of Bengal and West Godavari District, and the South also by Bay of Bengal and Guntur District, on the West by Guntur and Nalgonda Districts and North by Khammam District. Prior to Revenue Mandal system in 1985, there used to be 18 taluks, under 4 Revenue Divisions in the district. These 18 taluks became 5 Divisions and 50 Revenue Mandals. The 50 Revenue Mandals in the district fall in the four Revenue Divisions: Bandar Division (12 Mandals); Gudivada Division (9 Mandals); Vijayawada Division (15 Mandals) and Nuzvid Division (14 Mandals).

According to the 2011 Census, there are 968 villages in 2011 Census of which (34 Uninhabited and 934 habited), 50 Mandals (Vijayawada- Urban and 49 Rural), 4 Revenue Divisions, 17 towns (6 Statutory, 1 Municipal Corporations, 5 Municipalities); 11 Census Towns and one Urban Agglomeration. With a population of approximately 45,17,398 Krishna accounts for over 5.34 percent of the State’s population making it the fourth most populous district in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The District is predominantly urban with 40.81% of the population living in urban areas and only 59.19% residing in rural areas. The population density of the district is 518 persons per sq. km.

The sex ratio of Krishna is 992 (996 in urban areas and 938 in rural areas), which is much higher than the national average of 940 at the state and urban level levels. However the child sex ratio (0-6 years) is 935 females for every 1000 males; this has come down from 963 in 2001. The average adult literacy rate of the district is 73.74%; with female literacy at 69.18% and male literacy at 78.30%.

In terms of religion, 89.07% of the population of Krishna is Hindu, while Muslims constitute 6.80% and Christians a further 3.22%. Scheduled Castes comprise 19.28% of the District population (as opposed to 16.41% for the State as a whole) and Scheduled Tribes comprise 2.93% of the population (as opposed to 7% for the State as a whole).

The working population of the district is 45.36% (main and marginal workers) of the total population while non-workers constitute 54.64%. Disaggregated by gender, 58.54% of the male population are workers while 41.46% are non-workers; by comparison, only 32.07% of females are workers whereas 67.93% are non-workers. The majority (7.33%) of the working population is engaged in agriculture. Of the total workers, 9.39% males are cultivators while 39.09% males are agricultural labourers; further of the women who work, only 3.54% are cultivators, while 67.65% are agricultural labourers.4

In terms of land use, 0.76 lakhs hectares of total land is under forest cover, Barren & Uncultivable Land 0.37% and Net Area Sown 5.11%. The average area holding size in Krishna is 0.92 ha.5 The principal crops in this district are bifurcated into cereals, pulses, oilseeds and other crops. There are many large scale industries like sugar, cement and many small scale include musical instruments making, gold- plated ornaments and Kondapalli Toys.6

Villages covered under the Bantumilli line: The proposed substation will be located in the Bantumilli village of Bantumilli block in the Krishna

4 Source: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf 5 Report on Agriculture Census, 2010-2011 of Andhra Pradesh. Available at: http://desap.cgg.gov.in/jsp/pdf/CLH-2010-11.pdf 6 Source: http://www.ap.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/AP-Socio_Eco.-2015-16_Final.pdf 35 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

district and 1.75 acres of government land has been identified for construction of the substation. Figure 3: Location of proposed substation in Krishna

Proposed Substation Location

Locational profile of Transmission Lines It is proposed that the associated transmission lines for these substations pass near or through the villages mentioned in Table 6 below. While the lines will not pass through settlements, they would go over agricultural fields.

Table 6: List of villages in vicinity of proposed transmission lines

Line New / Second Villages on Distance of Line Proposed Route Length Stringing Proposed Route from Village II. Lines Connecting to Proposed Bantumili Kondapalli 1.5 km Erection of 132kV DC Kattubadipalem 0.5 km line from 132kV SS Pinapaka 0.25 km Chigurukota to the 18km New Chevuturu 0.8 km proposed 132/33kV Venkatapuram 0.7 km SS Bantumilli Gurrajupalem 0.3 km

Mylavaram 1 km

Detailed profile of these villages is provided below: Village Name Total Caste Break-up Sex Ratio Literacy Rate Population SC ST Others (F/M) M F Kondapalle 33373 21% 5% 74% 990 83% 72% Kattubadipalem 8067 24% 8% 68% 982 73% 63% Pinapaka 1732 58% 2% 41% 998 73% 55% Chevuturu 3256 19% 3% 78% 956 70% 51% Venkatapuram 1538 22% 1% 77% 990 68% 53% Gurrajupalem 915 0% 5% 95% 968 72% 62% Mylavaram 21763 14% 4% 82% 1016 82% 71% Source: http://117.254.87.35/SPLP/Dashboard.aspx There are no tribal areas in the proposed route of the line. 36 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chittoor District Covering an area of 15,152 sq. Km., Chittoor District is located in Rayalaseema in the extreme southern part of the state. The district is surrounded by Anantapur and Kadapa districts on the north, by Nellore and Chennai-Anna districts of Tamil Nadu on the east, by North Arcot Ambedkar and Dharmapuri district of Tamil Nadu on the south and by Kolar District of Karnataka on the west. The district has 66 mandals organized into three revenue divisions, viz. Chittoor Division (20 mandals), Tirupati Division (15 mandals) and Madanapalle Division (31 mandals). According to the 2011 Census, there are 1,493 villages in the District of which 38 are un-inhabited and 1,455 are habited. Additionally, there are 22 towns and four Urban Agglomerations.

With a population of approximately 4,174,064, Chittoor accounts for over 4.94 percent of the State’s population making it the sixth most populous districts in the state of Andhra Pradesh. The district is predominantly rural with 70.50% of the population living in rural areas and only 29.50% residing in urban areas. The population density of the district is 275 persons per sq. km.

The sex ratio of Chittoor is 997 (999 in urban areas and 996 in rural areas), which is much higher than the national average of 940. However the child sex ratio (0-6 years) is 931 females for every 1000 males; this has come down from 955 in 2001. The adult literacy rate of the district is 71.53%; with female literacy at 63.28% and male literacy at 79.83%.

In terms of religion, 89.54% of the population of Chittoor is Hindu, while Muslims constitute 9.53% and Christians a further 0.58%. Scheduled Castes comprise 18.82% of the District population (as opposed to 16.41% for the State as a whole) and Scheduled Tribes comprise 3.81% of the population (as opposed to 7% for the State as a whole).

The working population of the district is 46.32% (main and marginal workers) of the total population while non-workers constitute 53.68%. Disaggregated by gender, 57.52% of the male population are workers while 42.48% are non-workers; by comparison, only 35.09% of females are workers whereas 64.91% are non-workers. The majority of the working population is engaged in agriculture. Of the total workers, 22.48% are cultivators while 38.69% are agricultural labourers; further of the women who work, only 21.87% are cultivators, while 51.20% are agricultural labourers.

In terms of land use, 4.52 lakhs hectares of total land is under forest cover, Barren & Uncultivable Land 1.53% and Net Area Sown 3.72%. The average area of holding size in Chittoor is 0.94 ha7. The farm holding pattern of Chittoor district is as follows: 66% of the landholdings are marginal (upto 1 ha), 22% of the landholdings are small (1 ha to 2 ha), 11.8% of the landholdings are medium (2 ha to 10 ha) and 0.2% of the landholdings are large (more than 10 ha)8.

Chittoor is a major market centre for mangoes, grains, sugarcane, and peanuts. Major industries around the city are Amaron Batteries, nation's leading automobile batteries, and Nutrine Confectioneries, a major chocolate/candies producer, and this city is one of the major granite and mango pulp producing centres of India.

Villages covered under the Mangalam line: The proposed substation in Chittoor district will be located in the Mangalam village of Tirupati block and 4 acres of government land has been identified for construction of the substation.

7 Report on Agriculture Census, 2010-2011 of Andhra Pradesh. Available at: http://desap.cgg.gov.in/jsp/pdf/CLH-2010-11.pdf 8 http://chittoor.ap.gov.in/departmentView.apo?mode=getDepartment&departmentFlag=AGR&subDepartmentFlag=AGR 37 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Figure 4: Location of proposed substation in Chittoor

Proposed Substation Location

Locational profile of Transmission Lines It is proposed that the associated transmission lines for these substations pass near or through the villages mentioned in Table 7 below. While the lines will not pass through settlements, they would go over agricultural fields.

Table 7: List of villages in vicinity of proposed transmission lines

Line New / Villages on Distance of Proposed Route Lengt Second Proposed Line from

III. Lines Connecting to Proposed Mangalam Erection of 132kV DC Chindepalli 1 km radial line from Merlapaka 0.5 km 220/132kV Rachagunneri 19.32 New Kotha Kandriga 0.2 km SS to the proposed 132/33 kV Mangalam Balakrishnapuram 0.2 km substation Yerpedu 0.5 km Sitharampeta 0.5 km Venkatapuram 0.5 km Anjimedu 0.2 km Krishnapuram 0.2 km S.U. Puram 0.5 km R. Mallavaram 0.5 km

Gollapalli 0.5 km Venkamanaidupalli 0.5 km

These areas are all rural areas and as given in the overall District profile, the predominant occupation in these villages is agriculture with the majority of the working population being

38 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

engaged as agricultural labour. Detailed profile of these villages is provided below: Village Name Total Caste Break-up Sex Ratio Literacy Rate Population SC ST Others (F/M) M F Chindepalle 816 48% 22% 30% 1015 48% 36% Merlapaka 2253 36% 2% 62% 1094 66% 46% Yerpedu 3185 14% 5% 82% 1182 78% 69% Venkatapuram 3699 23% 8% 70% 1050 68% 51% Anjimedu 2073 21% 17% 62% 958 63% 50% Krishnapuram 1994 29% 5% 66% 1051 64% 49% S.U. Puram (Srinivasaudasip 761 46% 14% 40% 1035 64% 54% uram) R. Mallavaram 4092 21% 5% 73% 1019 71% 53% Gollapalle 944 20% 3% 78% 967 76% 62% Sitharampeta 778 18% 1% 81% 1091 72% 53%

Source: http://117.254.87.35/SPLP/Dashboard.aspx There are no tribal areas in the proposed route of the line.

39 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Environmental Profile Overview

Table 8: Overview of Geographic Profile

District Krishna Chittoor Nellore Latitude: 15° 43'-17° Latitude: 16°37'N Latitude:14.4426° N, Coordinates 10'N Longitude: 78° 33'E Longitude:79.9865° E Longitude:80°00'81°33' Altitude: 183m AMSL Altitude:18m AMSL E Altitude: 19m AMSL The district is bounded The district is It is bounded on the by Khammam district in surrounded by north by Prakasam the North, West Kadapa District in the District on the East by Godavari district in the north; Bay of Bengal in Bay of Bengal on the Regions North-east, the Bay of the east; State of Tamil South by Chittoor Bengal in the South Nadu on the south and District and and South-east and State of Karnataka in Chengalpattu District of Krishna River in the the west Tamilanadu and on the West, followed by West by Veligonda Hills Guntur and Nalgonda which separate it from districts Kadapa District. Total area: 5.08 lakh Ha Total area: 15.15 lakh ha Forest Area : 2.62 lakh Forest area: 0.76 lakh Forest area: 4.52 lakhs ha Ha Ha Non agriculture land: Net Area Sown : 3.76 Non agriculture land: lakh Ha Land Use 1.46 lakh ha 1.52 lakh Ha Cultivable waste : 0.96 (Ha) Permanent pastures: Permanent pastures: 0.33 lakh ha lakh Ha 0.11 lakh ha Uncultivable Barren Uncultivable Barren land: 0.42 lakh ha land: 0.37 lakh Ha Black cotton soils; Red loamy soils, Black Major Soil sandy clay loamy; red Red Loamy, Red cotton soils, Sandy Type loamy soils and small Sandy soils, Lateritic soils and belt of erroneous sandy Alluvial soils soils Relative Humidity (Annual 80% 51 -70 (%) 60-80% Mean)

Mean Wind 9.1 (km/hr) Speed 11-22 (km/hr) 5-11 (km/hr) Krishna, Wyra, Bahuda, Pincha, Pennar & Swarnamukhi Major Tammileru, Kattaleru Swarnamukhi, Palar, Drainages and Upputeru Ponnaiand Araniyar Pincha, Bahuda Climate Maximum Maximum Temperature: Temperature: 35.70° C Maximum Temperature: 36° C to 46° C during to 37.50° C during 43.7°C during summers. summers summers Minimum Temperature: Minimum Temperature: Minimum Temperature: 22.3° C during winters 23°C to 25° during 39.5°C to 29.5° during winters winters

40 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Krishna District

Rainfall Normal Rainfall(mm) Normal Onset Normal Cessation

SW Monsoon(Jun- 685 1st Week of June 3rd Week of October Sep) NE Monsoon (Oct- 249 1st week of October Last Week of December Dec)

Winter (Jan-Feb) 6.3

Summer (Mar-May) 64 Annual 934

Chittoor District

Rainfall Normal Rainfall(mm) Normal Onset Normal Cessation

SW Monsoon(Jun- 1st week of 3rd week of 438 Sep) June October NE Monsoon (Oct- 1st week of Last week of 396 Dec) October December Winter (Jan-Feb) 12

Summer (Mar-May) 88 Annual 934

Nellore District

Rainfall Normal Rainfall(mm) Normal Onset Normal Cessation

311.7 SW Monsoon(Jun- 1st week of June Last week of September Sep)

636.7 NE Monsoon (Oct- 1st week of October Last Week of December Dec)

Winter (Jan-Feb) 27.3

Summer (Mar-May) 68.5 Annual 889

41 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Krishna district

General The Krishna District is in the eastern coast of the state of Andhra Pradesh, It is bounded by Bay of Bengal on the East and South, West Godavari on the North-East, Guntur and Nalgonda districts on the West, and Khammam district on the North. The district is divided into upland and delta area. The main hill range of the district known as Kondapalli runs between Nandigama and Vijayawada with a length of about 24 km. The other smaller hill ranges are Jammalavoidurgam, Mogalrajapuram and Indrakiladri hills. Kolleru, a large freshwater lake spans into the Krishna district. The details of land utilization in Krishna District are given below:

Table 9: Details of Land use in Krishna District

Sl.N Category Area (ha) 1 Forest 76186 2 Barren and cultivable Land 36757 3 Land put to Non-Agricultural Use 149803 4 Cultivable Waste 25809 5 Permanent Pastures 10668 6 Land Under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and Groves not 8914 Included in the Net Area Sown 7 Current Fallows 30440 8 Other Fallow Lands 25358 9 Net Area Sown 510655 10 Total Geographical Area 879700

Climate The climatic conditions of the district consist of extremely hot summers and moderately hot winters and may be classified as tropical, the temperature varies from 170 C in December to 450 C in the summer. The period starting from April to June is the hottest. The annual rainfall in the region is about 1028 mm and is contributed to by the Southwest monsoon.

Drainage The Krishna is the major river which drains the district, it is perennial in nature and flows along the western boundary of the district. South of Avanigadda the river bifurcates into four branches before it debouches into the Bay of Bengal. The other important rivers flowing in the district are Muniyeru, Tammileru and Budameru. The general drainage pattern is dendritic to sub-dendritic. The drainage density is high in consolidated formations, low in semi- consolidated formations, whereas in alluvial areas the density is meager. Kolleru Lake is located between Krishna and Godavari delta and spans into two districts - Krishna and West Godavari. It is the largest freshwater lake in Asia. The lake serves as a natural flood-balancing reservoir for these two rivers. The lake is fed directly by water from the seasonal Budameru and Tammileru rivers, and is connected to the Krishna and Godavari systems by over 68 inflowing drains and channels. The lake is an important habitat for an estimated 20 million resident and migratory birds. It is known the world over for the famous Kolleru Bird Sanctuary.

Geology

The district is underlain by variety of geological formations comprising from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. Hydro-geologically these formations are classified as consolidated (Hard), semi-consolidated (Soft) and unconsolidated (Soft) formations. The consolidated formations include crystallines (khondalites, charnockites and granitic gneisses) and metasediments 42 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

(Limestones, shales, phyllites and quartzites) of Archaean and Pre- cambrian periods respectively. The semi consolidated formations are represented by Tertiary formations

(Rajahmundry & Gollapalli sandstones) and unconsolidated formations comprise deltaic alluvial deposits of Quaternary period. Prominent lineaments are trending in NE-SW, NW-SE and NNE- SSW direction and consolidated formations occur in the northern part of the district. Among consolidated formations occurrence of meta-sediments is restricted to NW part of the district i.e., in parts of Jaggayyapeta, Penuganchiprolu, Nandigama and Chandralapadu mandals. Semi- consolidated formations occur in the northeastern part of the district and its extension is limited to small area i.e., in parts of Musunuru, Nuzividu, Bapulapadu and Gannavaram Mandals. Unconsolidated formations occur in the southern part of the district i.e., in the delta area.

Soils The predominant soils in the district are black cotton soils/deltaic soils, red loamy soils and sandy soils. Red clayey soils with sandy loam to clayey loam in texture and occur in the northern part of the district. The deltaic alluvium is grey brown to black in colour with fine to medium texture and poorly permeable. They are fertile soils. The coastal sandy soils occur all along the coast, highly porous and lack of binding material.

Hydrogeology

• Water Bearing Formations: Hard Rock: Gneiss, Charnockite, Khondalite & Meta sediments • Soft Rock: Sandstones & Alluvium • Pre-monsoon Depth to Water Level: 1.52 to 11.20 m bgl (May 2012) • Post-monsoon Depth to Water Level: 0.21 to 9.06 m bgl (May 2012)

The northern parts of the district are underlain by consolidated formations, north-eastern parts of the district have semi-consolidated formations and the southern parts are underlain by unconsolidated formations. Ground water occurs in all most all these geological formations and its potential varies across the formations.

In consolidated formations ground water occurs under unconfined to semi-confined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug wells, dug cum bore wells and bore wells tapping weathered and fractured zones. The yields are in the range of 20 to 70 m3/day. The occurrence of fractures in the crystalline formations is limited down to 30 to 40 m bgl and occasionally extends down to 70 - 100 m bgl. The bore wells constructed in the crystalline formations generally tap the weathered and fractured zones. The yields of the bore wells generally range between 80 to 400 m3/day. In the meta sediments the yields are very limited and are in the range of 10 to 80 m3/day. Higher yields occur in limestone formations. Ground water in semi-consolidated formations occurs under unconfined to confined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug cum tube wells and tube wells. These formations are potential aquifers. The yields of the dug cum tube wells are in the range of 30 to 45 m3/day. Granularity of the sandstone bed is the deciding factor of the yield potential as the higher yields are recorded in the Rajahmundry sandstones tapping coarse sandstone beds. The yields of the tube wells in Gollapalli sandstones and Rajahmundry sandstones are in the range of 60 to 200 m3/day and 600 1500 m3/day, respectively.

The deltaic area is underlain by alluvium of recent age consisting of varying proportions of clay, silt, sand and gravel. The thickness of alluvium ranges from few meters to about 600 m followed by tertiary formations. In deltaic area ground water occurrence is

43 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

controlled by landforms. In deltaic area also a lot of heterogeneity in hydrogeological conditions exist both spatially and vertically. Fresh water is generally limited to shallow to moderate depths only, whereas in the southern part of the delta it occurs as pockets and lenses. Deep aquifers are generally saline. Palaeo channels are favourable locations for fresh water aquifers. Ground water occurs under phreatic to confined conditions and is developed through shallow dug wells, filter point wells and shallow tube wells. The depth of dug wells ranges from about 2 to 7 m, while the depth of filter point wells varies from 5 to 13 m and the depth of tube wells varies from 40 to 80 m. The yields generally range in this aquifer between 250 to 400 m3/day. The transmissivity value of the aquifer in the semi & unconsolidated formations varies from 2.5 to 5560 m2/day.

Forest Resources and Protected Areas of the District: Krishna Forest Division comprises of the entire Krishna district that lies in the North eastern part of Andhra Pradesh between latitudes 150 42’ 19’’ and 170 9’ 10’’ N and longitudes 800 00’07’’ and 810 33’ 13’’E. Geographical area of the Division is 8,727 km2. The Division has 2 physiographic zones- the plains and the hills. The major rivers falling in the division are Krishna, Keesara, Tammileru and Budameru. The district has the lowest notified forest area of 664.28 Km2 in the State and the lowest ratio of notified forest to geographical area, with 7.38 %. Reserved and Protected Forests constitute an area of 417.44 Km2 (65%) and 227.07 Km2 (35%) of the forest area respectively. As per Champion and Seth’s classification, the forests of this Division can be classified as Dry Deciduous Scrub Forests, Tropical Thorn Forest, Tropical Evergreen scrub Forest and Tropical Tidal Swamp Mangrove Forests.

The forest cover in the Division based on the interpretation of IRS R2 LISS III 2012 data (Nov2013) is 372.64 Km2 which is 4.26% of the geographical area. In terms of the forest canopy density classes, the division has 2.99 Km2 of Moderately Dense Forests and 369.65 Km2of Open Forests. The area of the Scrub is 172.76 Km2, Non-Forest 47.27 Km2 and Water Bodies 51.85 Km2

Two Protected Areas, viz., Kolleru and Krishna Wild Life Sanctuaries fall in the Division. An area of 308.55 Km2 of forest area of this Division forms a part of Kolleru WLS and 194.81 Km of Krishna WLS. Table 10: Details of Forest Cover in Krishna district in Sq. Km.

Geographic Area (Sq. Km) 8,727 Open Forest 0 Total 2.99 % of G.A. 369.95 Change 172.76 Geographic Area (Sq. Km) 47.27 Open Forest 51.85 Total 644.52 % of G.A. 7.38 Change 0 Source: AP Forest Department

44 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Table 11: List of Cultural Sites in Krishna district

Name Location Description

The Durga temple is located on the top of a hill called Krishna Indrakeeladri at the entrance of the city. The "Dasara" Kanaka Durga Temple District festival is celebrated in a very big way here with large number of pilgrims taking part in the festivities

The first Gandhi memorial with 7 stupas in the country was constructed on this hill at a height of 500 feet. The 52 Krishna Gandhi Hill feet stupa was unveiled on 6th October 1968 by Dr. Zakir District Hussain, the then President of India. Library, Planetarium, toy train, etc are the other attractions here

The caves are located in the heart of Vijayawada City Krishna at "Kasthuribaipet and Mogalrajpuram". The caves are said Mogalrajapuram Caves District to be excavated in 5th Century AD. The idols of Lord Nataraja, Vinayaka and Arthanareeswara can be seen here

This 7th Century Fort on the hill with an impressive three storied rock tower has witnessed the glory of many dynasties. It served a business center in olden days. The Krishna fort was used as a military training base by the British rulers. Kondapalli Fort District It is now a good picnic spot. Kondapalli village is situated 16 kms from Vijayawada. The village is famous for toys made with a special wood that's found on the hills here. These toys are famous the world over as 'Kondapalli Toys'

The temple of Andhra Maha Vishnu is very famous here. It is said that the literary classic “Amuktamalyada” written by king Sri Krishna Devaraya was a result of the Krishna Srikakulam inspiration of this temple. It is situated on banks of the District river Krishna. There are two famous temples - “Andhra Maha Vishnu Temple” and “Sri Kakuleswara Swamy Temple”

45 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chittoor District The district forms a part of the Mysore plateau. The western and southwestern parts comprising Kuppam, Palamaneru, Punganur, Thamballapalle and Madanapalle areas have an altitude between 600 m and 900 mabove mean sea level (AMSL). The altitude of central region comprising Bangarupalem, Chittoor, Piler, Vayalpad, Chandragiri areas have 300 m to 600 m AMSL. The eastern/southern parts covering parts of Puttur, Karvetinagar, Satyavedu, Tottambedu and Srikalahasty areas have an altitude of less than 300 m AMSL. This indicates that the elevation in the district is highly variable and having steep slopes. The important hill ranges in the district are the Seshachallam hill ranges of Tirumala and Horsely hills at Madanapalle.

The details of land utilization in Chittoor District are given below; Table 11: Details of land use in Chittoor District Sl.No. Category Area (ha) 1 Forest 4,52,018 2 Barren and Uncultivable Land 1,63,650 3 Land put to Non-Agricultural Use 1,48,529 4 Cultivable Waste 41,691 5 Permanent Pastures and Other Grazing Lands 33,769 6 Land Under Miscellaneous Tree Crops and 35,496 Groves not Included in the Net Area Sown 7 Current Fallows 1,34,536 8 Other Fallow Lands 1,14,920 9 Net Area Sown 3,90,487 10 Total Geographical Area 1515100

Rivers: The Rivers flowing through the district are non-perennial in nature and they remain dry for a major part of the year. Of these rivers, river Ponnai which is tributary of river Palar arises in erstwhile Chittoor taluk and flows towards south and joins the Palar in Tamilnadu. The Swarnamukhi, another important river, which arises in the Eastern Ghats in erstwhile Chandragiri taluk has its course through the mandals of erstwhile Chandragiri and Srikalahasti taluks and ultimately flows in to Nellore district. Other important rivers of the district are the Kusastali, the Bheema, Bahuda, the Pincha, the Kalyani, the Araniyar and the Pedderu which flow in different mandals of the district. Besides the above rivers, there are a number of small hill streams flowing in the district.

Drainage and Soils: As per the village records, 57% of the area is covered by red loamy soils, 34% by red sandy soils. The remaining 9% is covered by black clay (3%), black loamy (2%), black sandy (1%) and red clayey (3%).

Geology: The district is underlain by formations of Archaean, Proterozoic, Jurassic Cretaceous Tertiary and Quaternary ages. The oldest rocks in the area belong to Migmatite Complex, represented by migmatised quartzo-felspathic gneiss and are exposed in the northeastern part of the district. Older metamorphics comprise amphibolites, hornblende- talcmica-schist, fuchsite quartzite, calc-sillicate rock, marble and banded ferruginous quartzite. These older metamorphics occur as enclaves within Peninsular Gneissic Complex (PGC). The

46 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

PGC comprises a complex assemblage of gneissic variants and granitic rocks, which occupy almost major part of the district. PGC in the area is represented by biottte-homblende gneiss, biotite granite and migmatite. The Dharwar Supergroup of rocks represented by quartz-mica schist, amphibolite schist, quartzo-flespathic mica schist (Champion gneiss, metabasalt, matadacite and banded ferruginous quartzite, belonging to various schist belts and occur as long linear N-S trending belts and overlie PGC non-conformably. Acid intrusives of Proterozoic Age comprises granite and quartz veins. The granite plutons are exposed as patches and linear bodies in southwestern and northwestern parts of the district respectively. The basic dykes include dolerites. Three sets of dolerite dykes trends E-W, N-S, and NW-SE, traverse

The southern tip of the well-known Cuddapah Basin falls in the northeastern part of the district. Shale and quartzite of Bairenkonda Formation, shales/phyllite and limestone of Cumbum Formation are exposed in the district. The rocks of Gondwana Super group occur nonconformably over the PGC in southeastern part of the district, represented by Satyavedu Formation (Under Gondwana) and comprise motled, ferruginous quartzite and conglomerate with plant fossils. Laterite cappings occur over Gondwana formations. Large tracts of Alluvium occur along the major streams, which belong to Recent Age.

Rainfall: The average annual rainfall of the district is 976 mm, which ranges from 1 mm rainfall in March to 166.4 mm in October. October is the wettest months of the year. The mean seasonal rainfall distribution is 466.5 mm in southwest monsoon (June-September), 392.2 mm in northeast monsoon (Oct-Dec), 15.1 mm rainfall in winter (Jan-Feb) and 94.3 mm in summer (March – May). The percentage distribution of rainfall, season-wise, is 46.9% in southwest monsoon, 40.8 % in northeast monsoon, 1.7 percentage in winter and 10.6 % in summer.

The annual and seasonal rainfall distribution with its departure from mean along with yearwise percentage distribution is furnished in Table-2. The annual rainfall ranges from 657.2 mm in 2003 to 1544 mm in 2005. The annual rainfall departure ranges from -26 % in 2002 to 74 % in 2005. The southwest monsoon rainfall contributes about 47 % of annual rainfall. It ranges from 259 mm in 1999 to 573.2 mm in 2005. The year 2002 experienced drought conditions in the district, as the annual rainfall recorded is 26 % less than the long period average (LPA) respectively. It indicates that, the rainfall departure, as on 2011 is positive i.e. 59%, showing rainfall excess.

Hydrogeology: More than 90% of the district is underlain by crystalline formations and the remaining area by semi-consolidated formations. The degree and depth of weathering varies from place to place in crystalline formations and hence the potentiality of shallow aquifers also varies. Ground water occurs under unconfined conditions in weathered portion and semiconfined to confined condition occurs in fractures, joints at deeper depths. Ground water in weathered formations is developed by dug wells. For irrigation purposes, the dug wells are circular or rectangular in shape with 30 to 60 sq.m. The domestic wells are mostly circular in shape and smaller in size. The depth of the wells is upto 10m. The average discharge of energized wells ranges from 18 to 30 cu.m/day. However, during monsoon period, the discharge varies from 80 to 200 cu.m/day and during summer 10 to 50 cu.m/day.

Forest Resources and Protected Areas of the District: The district forest cover is classified into two divisions, which are Chittoor West and Chittoor East Divisions. Chittoor West Forest Division lies in the Southern Part of Andhra Pradesh state between latitudes 120 37’ 22” and 130 59’ 37.76”N and longitudes 780 40’ 12” and 790 08’ 35.52” E. Geographical area of the Division is 7944 Km2 which is 52.32% of the geographical area of the District. Terrain can be roughly divided into Hills and plateaus and Outer slopes and Outliners. The Eastern Ghats traverse this division from South-West to North–East. Palmaner, Punganur, Madanapalli

47 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Plateaus are constituents of the Mysore Plateau. The elevation of the Division varies from 305 m on plains to 1377 m on the hills. One of the prominent hills in the Division is Horsley Hill 1314 m above MSL. The notified forest area of the Division is 2068 Km2, which is 26% of the geographical area. Reserved, Protected and Un-classed Forests constitute 1510.5 Km2 (73%), 550.85 Km2 (26.64%) and 6.72 Km2 (0.32%) of the forest area respectively. The forest of the division fall under Dry Tropical South Indian Mixed Deciduous Forests, Southern Thorn Forest Groups and Tropical Dry Evergreen Forests. There is one protected wildlife sanctury in the division, viz., Koundinya Wildlife Sanctuary with an extent of 815.50 Km2

Chittoor East Forest Division lies in the south of Andhra Pradesh and eastern Part of Chittoor District between latitudes 130 1’ 7.32” and 130 55’28.56” N and longitudes 780 46’ 50.88”and 800 03’ 10.44”E. The Geographical Area of the Division is 6,769.18 Km2 which is 44.58 % of the area of the District. The Eastern Ghats are predominant in the western region and they gradually bend towards the sacred Sheshachalam hills of Tirupati, passing through Chandragiri, erstwhile taluk and entering into Nellore district. There is a plateau of average height of 800 M above MSL. The rivers flowing in the Division are non-perennial in nature. Important rivers in the Division are Bheema- a tributary of river Swarnamukhi, Pincha , Tumbur kona, Kalangi, Arani and Ponnai. The notified forest area of the Division is 2452.08 Km2 which is 36.22% of the geographical area. Reserved and Protected Forests constitute 1976.68 Km2 (80.61%) and 475.4 Km2 (19.39%) of the forest area respectively. The forests of the division fall under Tropical Dry Mixed Deciduous Forests, Tropical Cutch Thorn Forest groups and Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest types. There is no protected forest or wildlife area in the division.

Table 12: Details of Forest Area in Chittoor in Sq. Km.

Geographic Very Mode. Open Area Dense Dense Total % of G.A. Change Scrub Forest (Sq. Km) Forest Forest 15,151 7 929 1,463 2,399 15.83 -3 1,566

Source: AP Forest Department

Table 13: List of Cultural Sites in Chittoor Name Location Description

Tirupati Chittoor Tirupati is a city in Chittoor district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is a municipal corporation and the headquarters of Tirupati (urban) mandal, and of the Tirupati revenue division. As of 2011 census, it had a population of 374,260, making it the ninth most populous city in Andhra Pradesh. It is the seventh most urban agglomerated city in the state. Tirupati is considered one of the holiest Hindu pilgrimage sites because of Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, besides other historical temples, and is referred to as the "Spiritual Capital of Andhra Pradesh".

48 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Koundinya Chittoor KWS is a wildlife sanctuary and an elephant reserve. The Wildlife sanctuary is a home for different species of plants, trees, birds Sanctuary and wild animals. Floristic combination of the sanctuary (KWS) include Albizia amara, Accacias, Lagerstroemia, Ficus, Bamboo and a species which is a regeneration of santalum album etc.

KWS is primarily an elephant reserve and a home to about 78 Indian Elephants. Apart from Indian Elephant, few of the wild animals found in the sanctuary include Sloth Bear, Panther, Cheetal, Chowsingha, Sambar, Porcupine, Wild Boar, Jungle Cat, Jackal, Jungle Fowl, Starred Tortoise, Slender Loris etc. Ornithologists recorded occurrence of different species of birds in the sanctuary. The Yellow-throated Bulbul, a vulnerable species in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, can be spotted in the sanctuary.

Nellore District

General:

Nellore district is one of the 9 coastal districts and it is situated in the south eastern part of Andhra Pradesh. It is an important district in terms of Agriculture output. The district has a coastline of 169 km. It is endowed by good rainfall and surface water.

Table 12: Land use in Nellore

Sl.No. Category Area (ha) 1 Total Area 1307600 2 Forest cover 262787 3 Non Agriculture Land 256037 4 uncultivable Barren land 138159 5 Cultivable waste 100857 6 Pmt. Pastures 71858 7 Misc tree crops 18635 8 Other fallow 44386 9 Current fallow 40586 10 Net area sown 374295

Climate

The climate of the district is moderate and characterized by sub-tropical climate. The period from December to middle of February is generally the season of fine weather. The summer season is from March to May. This is followed by monsoon period from June to September, the post monsoon from October to December and the winter season from January to February.

Rivers and Drainage

The Pennar is the major river which drain in the middle of the district. The other important rivers flowing in the district are Swarnamukhi, Munneru and Upputeru. All the rivers are non-perennial, flowing in the eastern direction and joins the Bay of Bengal. The general drainage pattern is

49 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

dendritic to subdendritic. The drainage density varies from less than 1 to 3 km/km2. Pulicat lake is located in the south eastern part of the district. Pulicat Lake is the second largest lagoon of India and boasts of a rich biodiversity. Therefore, the lagoon has been preserved as a Wildlife Sanctuary. It straddles the border of Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh states. The lake is separated from the Bay of Bengal, by an inland spit called the Sriharikota Island. The lake has a length of 60 km and a breadth of 0.2 to 17.5 km. It has a high water spread of 460 sq. km and low water spread area of 250 sq. km with an average depth of one metre. The lake is drained by three larger inflows (Swarnamukhi, Arani and Kalangi) and many minor inflows. It is connected with an estuary mouth with a width of 200 meters. Owing to its proximity to the sea, it has turned into a salt-water lagoon.

Geomorphology and Soils

Geomorphologically the district can be broadly divided into 3 distinct units, viz., western hills, central pediplains and eastern deltaic & coastal plains. The higher relief is represented by hill ranges of Eastern Ghats, in the western border of the district. These hills are locally known as Veligonda hills, run in a northwesterly direction with a highest elevation of 1,105 m amsl at Penchalakonda. The pediplain area i.e., in the central part of the district extends in a north – south direction. The general altitude of this physiographic unit varies from 36 to 170 m amsl with isolated hillocks. The master slope of the area is from west to east towards the Bay of Bengal. The deltaic and coastal plain extends from north to south along the eastern margin of the district all along the coast. Pennar and Swarnamukhi rivers are the major contributors to the formation of the deltaic plains. The sandy coastal plain extends upto a distance of 5 to 6 km from sea coast. The southernmost fringe of the coastal plain is occupied by Pulicat lake. The predominant soils in the district are red loam, black cotton, lateritic sandy and alluvial soils. Red loam soils cover an area of more than 70% of the district except in the deltaic area. The black cotton soils constitute about 10% of the district and it is found in the southern part in isolated patches of Pennar river. Red lateritic soil occurs all along the eastern side of the district. The alluvial soil occurs along the Pennar and Swarnamukhi rivers, and also in the due north of the Pennar along the eastern margin of the district.

Rainfall

The annual normal rainfall of the district is 1084 mm. The peculiarity of this district is that contribution of SW monsoon is far less than the contribution of NE monsoon rainfall. About 70% of the annual rainfall is contributed by the NE monsoon. In general the amount of rainfall is increases from west to east about 900 to 1300 mm in the district. The mean daily maximum temperature in the district is about 38°C in May and the mean daily minimum temperature is about 20°C in December/ January. Temperature in the district begins to rise from the middle of February till May. With the onset of southwest monsoon in June, the temperature decreases to about 20°C and is more or less uniform during the monsoon period. The relative humidity ranges from 60 to 80% in the mornings, whereas in the evenings, it varies from about 45 to more than 70%. The annual rainfall during 2012 is 889 mm.

Hydrogeology

The district is underlain by variety of geological formations comprising from the oldest Archaeans to Recent Alluvium. Hydro-geologically these formations are classified as consolidated (Hard), semi-consolidated (Soft) and unconsolidated (Soft) formations. The consolidated formations include mainly migmatised high grade metamorphics (essentially garnetiferous amphibolites & pelitic schist), low grade metamorphics (essentially amphibolites & politic schists) of Nellore 50 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

schist belt, granitic gneiss and Cuddapahs (Quartzites & Shales) of Pre-cambrian period. The schist and gneisses are intruded by granites, pegmatites and basic dykes. One of the high grade mica in the world is being mined around Gudur occurs in the pegmatites. Among these consolidated formations, schists (amphibolites and pelitic schists) and gneisses occupied the major area of the district, where as the quartzites and shales of Cuddapah group are restricted to the western margin of the district. The semi consolidated formations occur as discrete patches and are represented by Gondwana sandstones, Cuddalore sandstones and laterites of Triassic, Tertiary and Quaternary periods respectively. Gondwana sandstones occur as a small patch in the northern part of the district. Cuddalore sandstones and Laterites occur as isolated patches in the eastern margin of the district. The unconsolidated formations comprise of river alluvium, coastal alluvium and wind-blown sand deposits of Quaternary period. The river alluvium occurs all along the banks of major rivers and the deltaic areas formed by Pennar and Swarnamukhi rivers. The Pennar and Swarnamukhi deltas cover an area of 1470 Km2 and 415 Km2 respectively. The thickness of alluvium increases from west to east, it ranges from few meters to 150 m and 60 m in Pennar and Swarnamukhi delta areas respectively and is followed by sand stones. The coastal alluvium covers an area of 900 Km2 lie along the coast. The wind-blown sand deposits occur as narrow dunes in the coastal areas and the thickness varies from 5 to 7 m. These deposits extensively occur over Sriharikota Island. Prominent lineaments in the district are trending in NE-SW and NW-SE directions.

Ground water occurs in all most all geological formations and its potential depends upon the nature of geological formations, geographical set up, incidence of rainfall, recharge and other hydrogeological characters of the aquifer. Among the consolidated formations gneisses are relatively good aquifers. Schistose formations also form potential aquifers when the wells tapping contact zones with intrusives. Quartzites and shales of cuddapah group are of little significance from the ground water point of view as they are restricted to the hilly terrain in the western margin of the district. In the consolidated formations ground water occurs under unconfined to semiconfined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug wells, dug cum bore wells and bore wells tapping weathered and fractured zones. The yield of the dug wells are in the range of 15 to 35 m3/day and reduce considerably during peak summer periods. The occurrence of fractures in these formations is limited to 40 to 60 m bgl and occasionally extends down to 70 to 80 m bgl. The bore wells in these formations generally tap the weathered and fractured zones. The yields of the bore wells generally range between 80 and 350 m3/day. The higher yields are limited to the available thickness of fractured zones.

Among the semi-consolidated formations, laterites only form potential aquifers when their thickness is more than 8 m and without any overburden, whereas sandstones do not form potential aquifers, as these are very thin. In laterites ground water occurs under unconfined conditions. Ground water is developed in these formations by dug wells. The yield of these wells varies from < 1 to 2 m3/hr. Among the un-consolidated formations river alluvium i.e. in deltaic area form potential aquifers. In deltaic area ground water occurrence is controlled by landforms and also in this area a lot of heterogeneity in hydrogeological conditions exist both spatially and vertically. In the lower Pennar delta area fresh water is generally limited to a depth of 40 m, whereas in Swarnamukhi delta it is limited to 15 m. Most of the coastal alluvium aquifers are saline. Palaeochannels are favourable locations for fresh water aquifers. Wind-blown sand/ sand dunes are fresh water aquifers. Ground water occurs under phreatic to confined conditions and is developed through shallow dug wells, filter point wells and tube wells. The depth of dug wells ranges from 5 to 12 m, while the depth of filter point wells generally varies from 6 to 11 m. The yields generally range in this aquifer between 500 to 1000m3/day. Occasionally high yields also occur in the palaeochannels. The transmissivity value of the aquifers in the consolidated

51 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

formations, semi-consolidated formations and unconsolidated formations generally vary from 15 to 75 m2/day, 20 to 60 m2/day and 200 to 500 m2/day respectively, whereas specific capacity ranges from 10 to 290 lpm/mdd, 140 to 270 lpm/mdd and 35 to 1000 m3/day/mdd respectively.

Forest Resources and Protected Areas of the District:

The total forest area in the district is 2.62 lakh hectares. The forest area is concentrated in Venkatagiri, Udayagiri, and Podalakur mandals and is covered by bamboo, Cashew, Casurina, Eucalyptus and shrubs. Sri Penusila Narasimha Wildlife Sanctuary is located in Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh. It covers an area of 1030.85 km2 is managed by the Andhra Pradesh Forest Department. Pulicat Lake Bird Sanctuary is a famous 481 km2 Protected area in Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh state. Pulicat Lake is the second largest brackish-water ecosystem in India.

Table 13: List of cultural sites in Nellore district

Name Location

Udayagiri Fort Udyagiri

Venkatagiri Fort Venkatagiri

Nellapattu Bird Sanctuary Nellapattu Jonnawada Nellore Pulicat Lake Pulicat Ancient Fort Kotamitta

52 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 4: Stakeholder Consultations The assessment team held consultations with people living in villages near the proposed substation sites as well as those living in villages along the proposed routes for transmission lines to determine their views and concerns, if any, regarding the proposed works. The table below give details of the consultations held. It is recommended that stakeholder consultations are held during the implementation phase and adequate prior notice, is provided to the villages close to the lines, intimating the dates of the consultation and project details. Table 14: Details of Stakeholder Consultation

Name of sub-station Name of village No. of attendees Date Kadivedu 10 Kadivedu Mutyalapadu 12 May 17th, 2018 Piduru 10 Chigurunkota 9 Mallaparajagudem 16 Bantumilli May 14th,2018 Jaipuram 19 Bantamulli 16 Potumanugunta 11 Mangalam Krishna Puram 20 April 19th, 2018 Gollapalli 10

A brief profile of the respondents is provided below:

About 70% of the respondents were female. Along the Mangalam line, the major livelihood activity include agriculture and daily wage labour activity in the nearby industries (Amaron, Lanco Cement). The major crops that are grown in the area are Paddy and sugarcane which are water intensive and all of the farmers with whom consultations has been made are small land holders having land varying from 0.5 acres to 2 acres. Along the Bantumili line, there is some industrialization and agri-allied activities along with agriculture. The respondents included small and marginal farmers, people running small fisheries and owners of small scale industry. The respondents, along the Kakivedu line, included land owners, small and marginal farmers and women daily-wage earners undertaking causal labour.

A summary of the consultations held is provided below:

Need for the interventions: While all the villages visited were hundred percent electrified, some the respondents expressed that they face voltage problems and power breakdowns. Power break and load shedding is frequent in summers but it’s usually for not more than 1-2 hours. In very rare instances only when there is feeder breakdown during monsoon or a tree falls on the line, the power break is more than a few hours.

The views of people residing in villages along the Bantumilli and Mangalam line were different from the views of respondents from the Kadivedu line. Along the Bantamilli farmers are happy with the proposed intervention as it would accelerate industrial growth. Famers of Krishnapuram and Potumanugunta villages, along the Mangalam line are comfortable with laying down electrical transmission lines as they feel that it will lead to less power cuts and reduce voltage fluctuations. However, some of the respondents (mostly the land owners) along the Kadivedu line had concerns regarding transmission lines on their land.

Low voltage and Voltage fluctuation is the major issue faced by respondents along the Bantumili and Mangalam line. The field visit team observed the daily log sheet of the distribution substation currently supplying power to Bantumilli block, most of the time the voltage at 11 KV substation is ranged between 9 KV- 10 KV. Some other observations from the field visits are provided below:

53 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

- Loss of income / livelihood: Due to unreliable power supply, often agricultural pump sets do not work or get damaged. As a result farmers are not able to sufficiently irrigate their fields and may suffer crop losses. Additionally on days that there is no water available, agricultural labour may not be hired either. This would lead to loss in wages for labour as well. Those who run shops, small business or home enterprises (such as tailoring units) also face a loss in income due to poor electricity supply.

Furthermore, as there is extensive aqua culture in the Bantumilli area, the respondents suggested that better electricity would lead to growth of the fishery industry and therefore, creating jobs. Aquaculture fields requires electricity to run the motors in the aqua fields, currently, the motors are being damaged due to voltage fluctuations reducing the overall profitability of aquaculture fields.

- Increased expenditure: The voltage fluctuations and poor voltage profile also leads to damage of electrical appliances such as electrical motors, kitchen appliances, refrigerators, televisions etc. Repairing or replacing these appliances imposes a further financial cost on the end users. Along the Bantumilli and Kadivedu lines, farmer’s claim heavy voltage fluctuation in the area, and are facing frequent power outages of approximately 4-5 hrs in a day. Farmers also claim that per year they spend around INR 25, 000 on motor rewinding as the winding gets damaged due to high voltage fluctuations.

- Affect children’s education: During summers when there is load shedding children sweat a lot and they cannot concentrate on studies. Low voltage causes delay in school work in the evenings.

As a result of these challenges, the residents of these villages were very keen that the interventions be implemented as soon as possible.

• Placement of transmission towers / lines and related compensation: In this regard, opinions of the farmers whose land will be affected varied from the farmers who will receive electricity but their land won’t be affected. In Chittoor District (Mangalam line), farmers were happy with the proposed intervention as it would stabilize electricity in their area which would further lead to greater development of the area. Farmers from Mallaparajapuram and Jaipuram are also happy as they believe that Bantumilli substation will reduce voltage fluctuations and can also encourage new enterprises which can provide more livelihoods within their villages.

In villages close to the Bantumilli substation, respondents were happy with the proposed intervention and they did not have any issues with tower footing and distribution lines. Few farmers whose land will be used for establishing towers were consulted and farmers expressed their willingness to provide their land for construction of towers for a larger positive impact in the village and surrounding villages, if compensation will be paid on time and by following established procedure.

A contradictory view was given by farmers of Krishnapuram and Gollapalli (Mangalam line) mentioned that, land has been surveyed and will be acquired for new canal irrigation project (Mallimadugu). Some of the farmers in Gollapalli whose land need to be acquired because of that project mentioned that compensation that is being offered for their land is much lower than the actual market place. They claim that actual market value of 1 acre of land is approximately 30 lacs but government compensation is only 15-20 lacs.

The big land owners in Nellore (Kadivedu line), where the land prices are relatively higher than the other two lines owing to growing real estate industry. They expressed the view that they don’t

54 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

want the transmission lines to cross over their lands, as transmission towers were placed under POWER GRID on their land. The land value has completely diminished after the towers have been placed on their land. The amount of INR 132,000 was paid as compensation for tower footing, which the farmers did not find adequate.

Few small and marginal farmers stated that as they have few acres of land and is only source of income. They asked for provisions of sustainable source of livelihood in terms of a job or monthly payment of certain amount based on the size and type of land acquired.

The general tendency observed in the villages is that respondents support and welcome developmental projects if they are paid proper compensation, providing sustainable livelihood options and if they can be benefited from the project either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, the respondents across the locations were comfortable with lines passing through their land after the APTRANSCO team explained the new compensation process, wherein, the compensation amount is decided by District Collector on a project by project basis in consultation with the community. Additionally, respondents were also informed about the RoW compensation now being paid in addition to the compensation for the tree/crop damage and tower footing.

• Views on Land Acquisition and Resettlement & Rehabilitation: There has never been any sort of land acquisition in the villages. None of the respondents were amongst those whose land was acquired and hence they were not aware about the compensation paid or any other details related to the land acquisition. However, it should be noted that no land is being acquired for the interventions in Package 4 and hence there will be no impact.

• Impact on Women: In all the villages’ majority of the respondents mentioned that more than 60% of women in those villages engaged in agriculture activities. In few villages like Bantumilli and Jaipuram, some of the women are employed in manufacturing industry and fisheries exporting firm. The views of women respondents regarding the project are provided below: o Women from villages of Bantumilli line mentioned that the proposed substation can lead to establishment of industries close to the villages and can create more jobs for them as currently agriculture jobs are seasonal and there is potential for more industries with in the region and major reason for few industries is irregular supply of power. o Some of the Women also mentioned that power outages happen mostly during evenings between 6pm – 10pm which causes darkness on roads and its unsafe to go to markets and fields during those periods impacting their smooth flow of daily activities. They all believe that the new proposed sub-station can change the current scenario by reducing power outages. o Women are managing domestic and agriculture chores together. Electricity problems like low voltage and power interruptions hampers the entire day in a woman’s life as her work gets delayed. Women are highly reliant on electricity for household chores. All the villages have SHGs. All the women respondents had bank accounts and part of SHGs under ‘DWACRA Scheme’. Few women mentioned that better availability of electricity can encourage them to start household based enterprises and move away from labor activities. o The women which we consulted during our filed visit mentioned that, land titles are majorly on the name of men either husband or Father-in-law. Gender Action Plan has been created to minimize/mitigate gender-specific impact of the proposed projects. 55 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Kadivedu Line

Bantummilli Line

Mangalam Line

Figure 5: Stakeholder Consultation

56 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 5: Analysis of Alternate Routes

Route Selection (Assessment & Management Process) At the planning stage of the proposed projects, an impact assessment is undertaken to identify potential social and environment impacts associated with site selection such as loss of onsite biophysical array and encroachment either directly or indirectly on adjacent environments. It also includes the likely impacts on people due to loss of properties or livelihood by the development of the site.

During the project design phase, a Bee line, marking the shortest distance between the two ends of proposed transmission line, is identified. Then APTRANSCO uses the latest topo sheets of the Survey of India, Forest Atlas (Govt. of India's Publication), as well as Google maps etc. to undertake preliminary route selection around the Bee line. During route alignment all possible efforts are made to avoid the forest land completely or to keep it to the bare minimum. Where unavoidable due to the geography of the terrain or heavy cost involved in avoiding it, alternative routes are considered. A walk-over survey is undertaken by the field staff (AE and ADE) to verify the routes (three alternatives) on-ground before taking a final decision on route alignment. Alternatives are also considered for sites of the substations.

For the current project, APTRANSCO has explored multiple options for each route with a view of minimizing disturbance / inconvenience to the local population, with regards to the erection of transmission towers and stringing of transmission lines. Furthermore, in order to minimize right of way issues, APTRANSCO has endeavored to keep the line away from villages, village ponds, canals, drains, railway tracks and major roads. The towers and lines will however, pass through paddy fields as this cannot be avoided. In a few cases, lines may also pass through coconut tree plantations; however this has been avoided as far as possible.

For construction of the three substations in package 4, government land is being secured and hence little inconvenience / disturbance to the local population is envisioned.

The details of route/site selection are captured in the following sub-sections.

Study of Alternatives

Criteria adopted for Route Selection For selection of optimum route, the following points are taken into consideration:

a. The transmission alignment does not pass through any ecologically sensitive areas like wildlife or bird sanctuary, national parks, protected /reserve forest, wildlife / bird migratory corridors etc. b. Where unavoidable, minimum protected /reserve forest area is affected by the alignment. Moreover, while selecting the route care should be taken towards restoring the vegetation / forest cover; c. The selected alignment does not create threat to survival and livelihoods of any community with special reference to Tribal communities d. The alignment has easy accessible roads, minimum number of power line crossings for easier O&M and reducing likelihood of electrical shock hazards to the maintenance workers;

57 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

e. The alignment avoids congested human habitations in villages and towns to the extent possible; f. The route is to be planned to avoid any dense habitation or forested area. The clearing of trees must be kept to minimum and clearing of trees must be kept to minimum and wherever possible, trimming of trees must be adopted vis-à-vis felling of trees. g. The alignment avoids any historical and culturally important place; h. The alignment does not affect any public utility services like playground, schools and other establishments;

In cases, where it is unavoidable to enter the forest areas and scheduled areas, prior permission is required from the concerned officer of the Forest Department, Integrated Tribal Development Authority (ITDA) and Department of Revenue before undertaking the consultations with the community/panchayat (in case of Scheduled Areas) and initiating the civil works. Mostly, in such cases, route selection for individual line is undertaken in consultation with the representative of concerned department.

Even though, under the law, APTRANSCO has right of eminent domain, alternative alignments are considered in line with the above mentioned factors during site selection, with minor alterations often added to avoid environmentally sensitive areas and settlements at execution stage. As a practice, usually it is ensured that the maximum length of the alignment passes over paddy field and along the highways to minimize the environment and social impacts.

58 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Evaluation of Alternative Route Alignment for erection of 132kV DC radial line from 400/220/132kV SS Manubolu to the proposed 132/33 kV Kadivedu substation

Figure 6: Route map of proposed Kadivedu line

Bee Line Route 1 Route 2 Route 3

The comparative details of these three alignments are as follows:

Table 15: Comparison of Route Alignments

Sl.No Description Alignment-1 Alignment-2 Alignment-3 Approximate route 1 16.4 km 16.48 km 15.45 km length (km) 2 Terrain Rocky and sandy Rocky and sandy Rocky and sandy

Largely Largely Largely agricultural fields. agricultural fields. agricultural fields. 3 Existing land use Major crop is Major crop is Major crop is paddy paddy paddy

4 Seismic zone Zone III (IS 2002) Zone III (IS 2002) Zone III (IS 2002) River/Stream/Cana Venkannapalem 5 Aquaculture Ponds Nil l crossings canal Human settlement Few housing plots 6 Nil Nil areas on the route

59 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Existing 132 KV DC Monubolu – Existing 132 KV Existing 132 KV Crossing of Sulurpeta Line 7 DC Monubolu – DC Gudur transmission lines • Existing 132 KV Sulurpeta Line Chendodu Line DC Gudur Chendodu Line

Estimated The three alternatives pass over farm land in approximately six 8. number of villages : Kadivedu, Piduru, Manubolu, Venkannapalem, villages Nancharampeta, Muthyalapadu

From the above comparative analysis, alignment-1 is being considered the optimum route as alternative route alignment 2 and 3 would be crossing fish ponds and housing plots and villages. Estimate for tree and land compensation • Compensation for Tree/Crop Damage, area under the tower footing and RoW corridor is approx. INR 2.7 crores

Component of compensation Details Estimated Amount (in INR)*

Tree/Crop Damage Palm trees/ coconut trees/ paddy 1,00,00,000 • No. of towers = 58 Area under the tower footing • Dimensions of tower base = 1,16,00,000 4.2 m for P (NT) type tower, 7.1 m for R (NT) type tower, 7.7 m for S (NT) type tower • Area impacted = 0.55 acre (considering 50% P (NT) type tower and 50% S (NT) type tower) • Compensation is calculated @ INR 2,00,000 per tower • Line length =16.4 km (16400 RoW corridor compensation m) 55,35,000 • Breadth of line= 27 m • Area affected = (16400x27)/4000=110.70 acres • Estimated no. of plots impacted = 44 [considering the avg. area land holding size is 2.5 acre] • Land cost per acre = INR 5,00,000 • Compensation=10% of land cost

Total 2,71,35,000

*Actual compensation amount will be decide by district collector in consultation with the impacted communities at the time of implementation.

60 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Evaluation of Alternative Route Alignment for Erection of 132kV DC line from 132kV SS Chigurukota to the proposed 132/33kV SS Bantumilli

Figure 7: Route Map of Bantumilli line Bee Line Route 1 Route 2

The comparative details of these three alignments are as follows:

Table 16: Comparison of Route Alignments

Sl. No Description Alignment-1 Alignment-2 Approximate route 1 19.02 km 23.09 km length (km) 2 Terrain Flat Flat The proposed line largely The proposed line largely 3 Existing land use passes through farm land passes through farm land 4 Seismic zone Zone III Zone III River/Stream/Canal • Peddalanka Drain crossing • Peddalanka Drain crossing 5 Crossings • Campbell Canal • Campbell Canal • Human settlement Passed through villages, 6 Nil areas China Kamanapudi, Peda Kamanapudi • Proposed route is crossing • Proposed route is crossing Crossing of 220 KV DC line at three 7 220 KV DC line at three points transmission lines points

Estimated The two alternatives pass over farm land in approximately seven 8 number of villages : Kondapalle, Kattubadipalem, Pinapaka, Chevuturu, villages Venkatapuram, Gurrajupalem, Mylavaram

From above comparative analysis Alignment 1 is considered the optimum route, as it is shorter and doesn’t cross any human settlements. 61 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Estimate for tree and land compensation • Compensation for Tree/Crop Damage, area under the tower footing and RoW corridor is approx. INR 1.32 crore

Component of compensation Details Estimated Amount (in INR)*

Tree/Crop Damage Paddy and coconut trees 25,00,000 • No. of towers= 80 Area under the tower footing • Dimensions of tower base = 75,00,000 4.2 m for P (NT) type tower, 7.1 m for R (NT) type tower, 7.7 m for S (NT) type tower • Area impacted = 0.76 acre (considering 50% P (NT) type tower and 50% S (NT) type tower) • Compensation is calculated @ INR 93,750 per tower • Line length =19.02 km (19020 RoW corridor Compensation m) 32,09,625 • Breadth of line= 27 m • Area affected = (19020x27)/4000= 128.38 acres • Estimated no. of plots impacted = 58 [considering the avg. area land holding size is 2.21 acre] • Land cost per acre = INR 2,50,000 • Compensation=10% of land cost

Total 1,32,09,625

*Actual compensation amount will be decide by district collector in consultation with the impacted communities at the time of implementation.

62 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Evaluation of Alternative Route Alignment for Erection of 132kV DC line from 220/132 kV Rachagunneri SS to the proposed 132/33kV MangalamSS

Bee Line Route 1 Route 2 Route 3

The comparative details of these three alignments are as follows: Table 172: Comparison of Route Alignments

Sl.No Description Alignment-1 Alignment-2 Alignment-3 Approximate route 1 19.29 km 19.32 km 21.48 km length (km) 2 Terrain Plain and undulating Plain and undulating Plain and undulating terrain terrain terrain Largely agricultural Largely agricultural Largely agricultural 3 Existing land use fields and fields and fields and Fallow/barren land. Fallow/barren land. Fallow/barren land. Yerpedu – Venkatagiri Yerpedu – Venkatagiri Yerpedu – Venkatagiri National and State 4 and Renigunta –Kadapa and Renigunta – and Renigunta – Highway crossings state highways Kadapa state highways Kadapa state highways

5 Railway crossings BG- OHE Railway BG- OHE Railway BG- OHE Railway line line line 6 Seismic zone Zone III (IS 2002) Zone III (IS 2002) Zone III (IS 2002) River/Stream/Canal 7 One water tank One water tank One water tank crossings Reserved forest Erupedu protected 8 Nil Nil stretches forest • Existing 132 KV • Existing 132 KV • Existing 132 KV Renigunta- Amara Renigunta- Amara Renigunta- Amara Raja line once and Raja line Raja line Renigunta – • Existing 220 KV • Existing 220 KV Srikalahasti line Renigunta –C.K. Renigunta –C.K. twice • Existing 220 KV Crossing of Palli DC line and Palli DC line and 9 Renigunta –C.K. transmission lines Renigunta – Renigunta – Rachagunneri DC Rachagunneri DC Palli DC line and line line Renigunta – Rachagunneri DC • Existing 400 KV • Existing 400 KV line Nellore – Chennai Nellore – Chennai DC line DC line • Existing 400 KV Nellore – Chennai DC line

63 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

The three alternatives pass over farm land in approximately thirteen villages : Chindepalle, Merlapaka, Yerpedu, Venkatapuram, Anjimedu, Estimated number of 8. Krishnapuram, S.U. Puram (Srinivasaudasipuram), R. Mallavaram, villages Gollapalle, Venkamanaidupalli (Venkaiah Naidu Palli), Kotha Kandriga, Balakrishnapuram, Sitharampeta

From above comparative analysis Alignment 2 is considered the optimum route, as it is shorter and doesn’t cross any reserved forest. Alignment 1 crosses the reserved forest and Alignment 3 is longer.

Estimate for tree and land compensation Compensation for Tree/Crop Damage, area under the tower footing and RoW corridor is approx. INR 1.27 crore

Component of compensation Details Estimated Amount (in INR)* • Mango trees/paddy/vegetable Tree/Crop Damage crops will be damaged along 48,30,000 the line. Line length = 19.32 km • Compensation estimated @ INR 2,50,000 per km • No. of towers= 85 Area under the tower footing • Dimensions of tower base = 46,75,000 4.2 m for P (NT) type tower, 7.1 m for R (NT) type tower, 7.7 m for S (NT) type tower • Area impacted = 0.81 acre (considering 50% P (NT) type tower and 50% S (NT) type tower) • Compensation is calculated @ INR 55,000 per tower • Line length =19.32 km (19320 RoW corridor Compensation m) 32,60,250 • Breadth of line= 27 m • Area affected = (19320x27)/4000= 130.41 acres • Estimated no. of plots impacted = 58 [considering the avg. area land holding size is 2.26 acre] • Land cost per acre = INR 2,50,000 • Compensation=10% of land cost

Total 1,27,65,250

*Actual compensation amount will be decide by district collector in consultation with the impacted communities at the time of implementation.

64 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 6: Social and Environmental Impacts This section identifies the intended and unintended impacts of the proposed interventions on the communities in and around the project sites. This includes impacts that may arise from during the project life-cycle from project design, construction, operations and maintenance to decommissioning stages. These impacts have been identified based on secondary research as well as primary data collection. The primary data collection included site visits, visual inspections and consultations with key stakeholders including communities living in the vicinity of proposed project sites, APTRANSCO field staff, and forest department officials. Details of these consultations can be found in Chapter 8. While determining the impacts, the assessment team also focused on any impacts there may be on vulnerable populations including small farmers, women, Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and minorities. Positive Impacts The project will potentially have many positive impacts for AP’s power sector overall including reduction in losses and interruptions, improved reliability of power supply, reduction in breakdowns and equipment damage, and energy conservation. The interventions will likely also improve the quality of life of the ultimate beneficiaries of the works, i.e. those living in the areas where the new substations are to be constructed. In these areas, people would receive better voltage profiles and face fewer interruptions / power outages. This in turn would have beneficial impacts on people’s day to day life. Adverse Impacts As stated in the introduction, the adverse impacts have been segregated by the nature of works proposed in Package 4, i.e. substation construction vs. laying of transmission towers and lines; these are elaborated below:

Impacts arising from substation construction

A. Social Impacts

There will be no loss of private land or livelihoods for construction of the 3 substations. Vacant government land has been identified for the Kadivedu (5 acres) and Mangalam substation (4 acres). The land is lying vacant, is not under cultivation and is free of any encroachments or squatters. 1.75 acres of land in the existing 33/11 KV substation has been secured for the Bantumilli Substation.

• There is no loss of land / property and livelihoods. • There is no damage to crops, horticultural trees, other trees and / or property as there are no agricultural crops or horticultural trees being cultivated on these lands

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Details of the land secured for the three substations under package 4 are given in Table 15 below and pictures showing the proposed substations lands are given in Figure 6. Table 18: Land secured for Package 4 Substations

Kadivedu Bantumilli Mangalam

Land required 5 acres 1.75 acres 4 acres Currently, the land is under the possession The land was originally in the name of the The identified land parcel is government land which of Revenue Department. As of May 2018, erstwhile Andhra Pradesh State Electricity was under the possession of Revenue Department. As the possession of land has been transferred Ownership Status Board (APSEB) and is currently in of Aug 2017, the possession of land has been to APTRANSCO. possession of APSPDCL. It is available for transferred to APTRANSCO. use by APTRANSCO. The identified land parcel is vacant land The identified land parcel is within the and free of encroachment. The land is compound of an existing APSPDCL 33 Land is within the compound of a private distillery and Current Land Use adjoining to R & B Road which leads to / 11 kV substation and is not currently is not in use. Gudur to Kota in use

Obstructions or Land is free from any obstructions, Land is free from any obstructions, Land is free from any obstructions, encroachments or Encroachments encroachments or squatters. encroachments or squatters. squatters The land is surrounded by private land on one side, an Description of The land is surrounded by vacant land on The proposed SS is in the premises of an approach road on one side and land of revenue surrounding lands all four sides. existing APSPDCL 33 / 11 kV substation. department on two sides. The entire surrounding area is also vacant. Site access by village road. Care to be Site access by NH 16 (Chennai- Kolkata Site access through an approach road. Care to be Access points taken not to obstruct the road during Highway). Care to be taken not to obstruct taken not to obstruct the road during construction. construction. the road during construction.

Figure 8: Proposed Substation sites Site for Proposed Mangalam Substation Site for Proposed Bantumilli Substation Site for Proposed Kadivedu Substation

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• The proposed substations will be constructed in the government land. Proposed site at Bantumilli surrounded by government land only. There is no private land surrounding the identified area and hence there is no chance of reduction in land value. The substation at Kadivedu will be constructed in vacant premises of existing 33 / 11 kV substations. The substation at Mangalam is surrounded by private land on one side, a road on one side and land of revenue department on two sides. The entire surrounding area is also vacant. There is no habitation or farm land close to the Mangalam Substation, therefore, construction of substation will not have any negative impact on the land value of the adjacent plots.

• It is possible that the implementation of the project may interfere with the local traffic and the movement of material and people may lead to the blocking of access points. At the time of transporting construction material to the site there maybe movement of heavy vehicles on the road. However, there is sufficient place within the site to unload the materials and the road should not be blocked due to the works.

• Substation area is not accessible to the general public and the transformers are completely sealed units and maintenance and oil changes are done at APTRANSCO’s maintenance sheds, the chance of exposure to insulating oils and gasses and electric shock to general public is highly unlikely.

• Impact on workers / employees health and safety: Workers and employees may face health and safety concerns as highlighted below:

Live power lines: Construction workers and maintenance staff may be exposed to the threat of electric shock and electrocution from contact with live wires during the construction, operation and maintenance activities.

Working at height: Construction workers and field staff are at risk of falling from heights while working at elevation during the construction, operation and maintenance activities.

Exposure to chemicals: Workers are at risk of exposure to chemicals during handling of pesticides used for right-of-way maintenance and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in transformer oil and other electrical components. All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger to the workers from accidents such as fall of heavy objects / machinery, falling to excavated pits, chemical sprays, fire / explosion, unsafe power supply equipment and lines etc. The health and safety issues and its management are integral part and responsibility of the project / contract specific safety plan.

B. Environmental Impacts

• Cutting of trees and damage to vegetation: The land acquired for the proposed substation is about 4-10 acres. The vegetation at the proposed substations at Mangalam, Bantumilli and Kadivedu are sparse. There are no trees but only few shrubs and bushes which need to be cleared. Overall, the impact assessed is low. 2-3 trees might be required to be cut down to avoid obstruction with the line. • Impact on aesthetic value: The proposed substations and associated infrastructure are located along the roads. The substation and electric lines are common part of the existing local aesthetics in the area. Hence construction of the substation and electric lines are not expected to have any adverse impacts on the aesthetics of the surrounding area. • Escape of polluting materials: The equipment’s to be installed at substations are static in nature and do not generate any fumes or waste materials. Accidental leakage in the transformers and capacitors may lead to soil contamination due to the oil leak. To avoid this, the equipment will be designed with oil spill containment systems and purpose-built oil,

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

lubricant and fuel storage system, complete with spill cleanup equipment. Considering the above, the overall impact due to escaping polluting materials is considered as low. • Noise and vibration of equipment: The equipment’s to be installed at substations may likely to cause noise/vibration. However, the equipment’s required at substations are mostly static and are so designed that the noise level always remains within permissible limits i.e. 85 dBA as per Indian and International standard- 7194 and shall remain at about 60 to 70 dB at 2 m distance from the equipment during normally operating conditions. The sound level 1 m outside the premises will thus not exceed the permissible limits prescribed by the Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules 2000. The specifications for diesel generators at new substations shall comply the norms/standard prescribed by MoEF with respect to provision of acoustic enclosures and overall sound levels. Further, to contain the noise levels within the permissible ambient noise limits mitigation measures such as sound and vibration dampers, acoustic enclosures, and rectification of equipment are included in the design. In addition, tree plantation will be around the substation boundary is recommended to further reduce the sound levels • Explosion / fire hazards The project activities during construction and operational phase will not require handling of any highly inflammable substances at the site. However, incidents of transformer explosion or fire are possible. However the sites are located away from human habitation, in remote location. Hence, risk due to explosion and fire is very low. • Impact on air quality Fugitive dust will be generated during excavation for foundation and movement of vehicles. However, the overall scale of the civil construction activity is very small and will not require more than 2 months. There no habitation within 1km from project site. Hence, overall impact on ambient air quality is expected to be low. • Silt run-off from construction activities During construction limited quantity of excavated material will be generated from substation foundations which may flow with surface run-off during rains. The project area has a flat terrain and there are no water bodies around. Hence, silt run-off from the construction activities are considered as insignificant. • Erosion hazards due to inadequate provision for resurfacing of exposed areas Construction of 132 / 33 kV substation foundation, excavation of soil to the tune of ~7500 m3 is required depending on the site condition. Most of the excavated material (about 80-90%) will be used for re-filling after construction work is over and remaining materials will be disposed as per the regulation. Moreover, the topsoil disturbed during the development of sites will be stored properly and used to restore the top surface of the platform. Left over infertile and rocky material will be dumped at carefully selected dumping areas and used as fill for foundations and leveling. • Oil spillage during operation and maintenance Oil spillage from transformers and other equipment’s in the substations may lead to contamination of land or nearby water bodies. Substation transformers will be located within secure and impervious bunded areas with a storage capacity of at least 100% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated reserve tanks. Oil traps will be provided to reclaim the oil from the storm water drained from the bunded area. Use of Polychlorinated Bi Phenyls (PCBs) in capacitors and insulators as insulating material is banned all over the world. Keeping this in mind APTRANSCO has discontinued procurement of electrical equipment containing more than 2 mg/Kg and specifications (as per IEC 61619 or ASTM D4059) is being stated in tender documents. Moreover, the subject scheme does not involve replacement of any PCB containing equipment, hence no disposal of such equipment is anticipated.

• Management of solid waste generated during operation and maintenance

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Management of solid waste generated during the O&M of facilities provided is one of the most important aspects. The solid wastes generated are mostly in the form of replaced equipment’s i.e. transformers, capacitors, conductors, meters, batteries, transformer oil and other electrical equipment’s. These materials will be collected and disposed of through registered recycling/reprocessing units or handed over to the manufacturers/dealers as per the provisions of the Hazardous and Other Waste (Management and Trans boundary Movement) Rules 2016 and the Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001

Impacts arising from erection of transmission towers and lines While identifying the transmission line alignment, a preliminary route selection was done by APTRANSCO using the latest topo sheets of the Survey of India, Forest Atlas (Govt. of India's Publication), as well as Google maps etc. During route alignment all possible efforts are made to avoid the forest land completely or to keep it to the bare minimum. Where unavoidable due to the geography of the terrain or heavy cost involved in avoiding it, alternative routes are considered. For selection of optimum route, the following points are taken into consideration:

• Selection of optimum route avoiding congested human habitations in villages and towns to the extent possible;

• Selection of optimum route avoiding scheduled areas and / or villages with large ST / SC populations;

• Selection of optimum route avoiding thick horticultural gardens, fish ponds, irrigation ponds / canals etc. wherever possible. Where this it is not possible to avoid these features, route with causing least impact to be chosen,

• The proposed transmission line does not affect any public utility services like playground, schools, colleges, hospitals and other establishments;

• No historical / culturally important place is affected by the route of transmission line;

• The transmission alignment does not pass through any ecologically sensitive areas like wildlife or bird sanctuaries, national parks, protected /reserve forests, wildlife / bird migratory corridors etc.

• Where unavoidable, minimum protected / reserve forest area is affected by the alignment. Moreover, while selecting the route care has been taken towards restoring the vegetation / forest cover;

• Selection of route having easy accessible roads, minimum number of power line crossings for easier O&M and reducing likelihood of electrical shock hazards to the maintenance workers;

• Keeping minimum number of severance crossing as part of selection of the alignment.

These considerations will help minimize the adverse impacts of erecting the lines and reduce the compensation that needs to be paid to secure the Right of Way (RoW). However, despite this, there are places where the proposed lines passes through mango gardens and eucalyptus plantations. Further, it is not possible to avoid placement of towers in fields used for cultivation of sugarcane, cotton, ground nut, pulses and flowers. As a result, there will be some social and environmental impact as a result of the works related to laying of transmission lines. These impacts are explored in detail below.

A detailed analysis of alternate alignments considered and the rationale for selecting the

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

proposed alignments is provided in Chapter 5.

A. Social Impacts

• Damage to crops, horticultural trees, fish ponds or other property

In order to string transmission lines on the towers, the lines are pulled either manually or with the use of vehicles (like tractors). During this process, the land under the lines needs to be cleared so that the work can be carried out. Further, the area for tower footings also needs to be cleared. Where the towers are placed in agricultural fields this could result in damage to crops and horticultural trees. Keeping this in mind, APTRANSCO shall endeavor to cause as little damage, detriment and inconvenience as possible. Where it is not possible to avoid damage, compensation shall be paid for any damage to crops and / or other property due to the works.

The proposed routes connecting the three new substations to the existing network will pass through agricultural fields and fallow land for the majority of their length. In order to avoid habitations, social infrastructure and thick orchards; and to minimize the crossings of roads, railway tracks and irrigation canals, the proposed routes would need to go through the agricultural fields. In order to keep crop damage to a minimum, works will be carried out during the non- agricultural season wherever possible. Compensation as decided by Agriculture department will be paid for any crop damage.

With regards to damage to other property (like buildings), no damage is anticipated as the routes do not pass through any habitations.

Despite all the precautions taken, some amount of crop and tree damage would take place. The compensation for damage is calculated as follows:

Table 19: Compensation for Temporary Damage to Crops, Trees and Others

Elements of Entitlement / Provision Compensation

1. Temporary • Full compensation shall be paid for damage to crops / trees in the corridor. damage to • In cases of crop/tree damage the compensation amount is decided by a crops and trees committee consisting of farmers or farmer’s agency, agriculture officer and during horticulture officer construction of • For non-fruit trees compensation shall be determined by the forest towers and department. However, the utility shall endeavour to avoid forest land laying of lines • However, it is recommended that a committee should be formed including agriculture/ horticulture officer, revenue officer and a representative from a non-government technical agency such as academic institute or NGO working in agriculture/ livelihoods domain to determine the value of loss.

2. Other damages • Actual costs as assessed by the concerned authority

• Restrictions on land use and reduction in value of land Once towers and lines are erected, the use of land under the tower footing, under the lines and in the RoW corridor becomes restricted. For example trees cannot be planted under the lines or in the RoW corridor, nor can crops be grown in the area taken up by tower footings. Furthermore, the land cannot be used for real estate development. Due to limitations on the land use and due to the presence of towers and lines in the vicinity, it is possible that the market value of the land and surrounding areas may fall.

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Government of AP and APTRANSCO has adopted the MoP guidelines for payment of RoW compensation for corridor. [Government of Andhra Pradesh vide G.O. Rt. No. 83 Dated: 20.06.2017 issued Guidelines for payment of compensation towards damages in regard to Right of Way for transmission Lines; APTRANSCO Vide TOO (Addl. Secy - Per) Ms.No.511 Dated 07.08.2017 made applicable to the Right of Way for the transmission of lines in APTRANSCO from the date of issue of G.O. Rt. No. 83]

One-time compensation is provided for the area under the tower footing and area in the width of the RoW corridor (27 m for 132KV lines) at a rate determined by the District Collector.

The area impacted by erection of towers is Unit Kakivedu Bantumilli Mangalam No. towers count 58 80 85 Area of under towers [Considering 50% P(NT) type tower with base dimension 4.2 m; 50% S(NT) type tower with base dimension 7.75 m] sq. m 2253.373 3108.1 3302.3563 Area under tower footing (1 sq m to 0.000247 acre) acres 0.556583 0.7677007 0.815682

The area impacted by RoW, for the three lines is 110.7 acres for Kakivedu (line length of 16.4 km), 128.4 acres for Bantumilli line (line length of 19.02 km) and 130.4 acres for Mangalam line (line length of 19.32 km).

There are approximately 6 villages enroute (within a distance of 0.5 km) Kakivedu line, 7 villages enroute (within a distance of 0.5 km) Bantumilli line and 13 villages enroute (within a distance of 0.5 km) Mangalam line.

• Interference with access to social infrastructure

Social infrastructure includes roads, railways, waterways, irrigation facilities (canals, ponds), other utilities such as telecom, water, gas etc. and institutions such as schools, colleges and hospitals. In selecting the proposed routes, APTRANSCO has endeavored to minimize the number of road, rail, and waterway etc. crossings and also to maintain distance from schools, colleges and hospitals. While it is not possible to completely eliminate such crossings, the works will not interfere with or prevent people from accessing social infrastructure. Details of the crossings is given below.

Roads: All the proposed lines cross minor roads at some point however, there crossings are no National or State Highway crossings on both the proposed route. However, the proposed Bantumilli line is crossing village main road namely Chigurukota to Gollapalem road, Gollapalem to Narasayapalem road, Narasayapalem to Rajanagaram road, Rajanagaram to Devapudi road, Devapudi to Utukuru road, Penama gudem to Pedda tummidi drain road, Pedda tummidi drain to Chinna tummidi road, Chinna tummidi to Jayapuram road, Jayapuram to Lakshmi Narayana puram road, Lakshmi Narayana to Janaki puram road, Janaki ram puram to Bantumili road.

The proposed Mangalam line is crossing two state highways (Yerpedu – Venkatagiri and Renigunta –Kadapa).

During the construction phase, the contractor will inform APTRANSCO in advance when the road crossing is scheduled. APTRANSCO in turn will coordinate with the local police

Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

to ensure that the traffic is managed and work continues with minimal disturbance to the community. In the case of National Highway crossings, APTRANSCO will obtain prior clearance from the National Highways Authority of India for the proposed works. Further, APTRANSCO will construct special structures (Ballis) that will enable them to pull the lines over the National Highways without obstructing vehicular movement. As the crossing work is for a very short duration, no significant interference is expected as a result of the proposed investments.

Railway crossings: There are no railway crossings on the proposed route of Kadivedu and Bantumilli. The Mangalam line crosses the BG OHE Railway line. During construction, the contractor will inform APTRANSCO in advance when the railway crossings are to be scheduled. APTRANSCO will then take permission from the concerned railway authorities before work commences at these points.

Other utilities: The proposed lines do not cross (or come close to) any telecom, water or gas lines. The proposed lines will cross existing power lines and in these cases all necessary precautions will be taken to ensure that the work does not disturb the power supply to end users. – The proposed Bantumilli line crosses Campbell Canal at one point – The proposed Bantumilli line crosses Peddalanka Drain at one point – The Kadivedu proposed line crosses Venkannapalem irrigation canal. – The proposed Kadivedu line crosses existing 132 KV lines (Lilo Manubolu, Gudur- Chendodu) at one point – One of the alternate routes of Mangalam Substation crosses the reserved line, hence most likely APTRANSCO would select the other route which will not cross river at any point Institutions: None of the lines pass close to any schools, colleges or hospitals. The details of these crossings are provided in Table 18.

• Impact on community health and safety:

Communities close to transmission lines could potentially face health and safety concerns as highlighted below:

Electric shocks and electrocution: The electric voltage higher than 11kV pose serious threat of electrocution to humans, transmission lines carry very high voltages to the tune of 132kV and can be fatal. Furthermore, electric charge can travel through induction and hence poses threat to high rise structures, even when they are not in direct contact with live wire. However, as the substation area is off-limits to the general public, there is very little chance that a member of the public would suffer an electric shock. Risk of accidents during construction, operation and maintenance: There is a danger of accidents from open excavation pits, falling of heavy objects from height, movement of heavy machinery etc. In order to prevent this the work sites will be secured and only construction staff will be allowed in the vicinity. Signboards and hazard signs will be provided during construction to warn people of possible danger. Excavation pits will be adequately marked to prevent accidents and will not be left open overnight. During operations and maintenance phase hazard signs will be provided at all necessary points.

72 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Table 20: Details of RoW and crossings for proposed routes

Line Crossing Reserved Forests / Proposed Road, Rail, Irrigation, & Other Tree and Shrub Cultural / Lengt of Wildlife Route Crossings clearance Historical Sites h Habitations Sanctuaries I. Lines Connecting to Proposed Kadivedu 132kV line starting 16.4km • The proposed line crosses • The proposed line will Nil Nil Nil from the existing Venkannapalem irrigation canal. be passing through the 220/132kV • The proposed route crosses agricultural fields. Kondapalli sub existing 132 KV lines (Lilo station and going to Manubolu, Gudur-Chendodu) at the proposed 132 / one point 33 kV substation at Mylavaram

II. Lines Connecting to Proposed Bantumilli Erection of 132kV 19.02 km • In the proposed route there are • The proposed line will Nil Nil Nil DC line from 132kV aqua culture ponds for 2kms be passing through SS Chigurukota to • Peddalanka Drain crossing on the agricultural fields. the proposed proposed route at one point 132/33kV SS • Campbell Canal at one point Bantumilli • The proposed transmission line will

be crossing following roads:

Chigurukota to Gollapalem road, Gollapalem to Narasayapalem road, Narasayapalem to Rajanagaram road, Rajanagaram to Devapudi, Devapudi to Utukuru

road, Penama gudem to Pedda tummidi drain road, Pedda tummidi drain to Chinna tummidi road, Chinna tummidi to Jayapuram road, Jayapuram to Lakshmi Narayana puram road, Lakshmi Narayana to Janaki puram, Janaki ram puram to Bantumili.

73 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

III. Lines Connecting to Proposed Mangalam Erection of 132kV 19.32 KM • The proposed line crosses • The proposed line Nil • One of the alternatives Nil DC radial line from existing 132 KV Renigunta- will be passing willl be passing 220/132kV Amara Raja line largely through the through the Erpedu Rachagunneri SS to • The proposed line crosses paddy fields and protected forest. the proposed 132/33 existing 220 KV Renigunta – waste land kV Mangalam C.K. Palli DC line and 220 KV substation Renigunta – Racahgunneri DC line • The proposed line crosses existing 400 KV Nellore – Chennai DC line • The proposed line crosses the BG OHE Railway line • The proposed line crosses the Yerpedu – Venkatagiri and Renigunta –Kadapa state highways • The proposed line passes over a water tank before entering the Mangalam SS

74 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Impact on workers / employees health and safety: Workers and employees may face health and safety concerns as highlighted below:

Working at height: Construction workers and field staff are at risk of falling from heights while working at elevation during the construction, operation and maintenance activities.

All reasonable precautions will be taken to prevent danger to the workers from accidents such as fall of heavy objects / machinery, falling to excavated pits, chemical sprays, fire / explosion, unsafe power supply equipment and lines etc. The health and safety issues and its management are integral part and responsibility of the project / contract specific safety plan.

APTRANSCO has framed guidelines / checklists for workers’ safety. The guidelines include work permits and safety precautions during construction and operation. The project construction activities are executed as per the approved plan and regularly monitored by dedicated safety personnel of APTRANSCO. Further, appropriate technologies to minimize hazards, security fences around equipment and sub-stations, appropriate warning signs on electricity hazards danger signboards, danger /red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the staff and workers.

Strict compliance to the safety requirements and regulations is included in the contract with heavy penalty as a deterrent for failure to comply. During construction, the Contractor shall comply with requirements for the safety of the workmen as per the existing national / state / local regulations. The contractor shall supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff and comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe movement of the workers and staff. Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger of electrocuting from electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger / red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order. First aid facilities will be provided at the construction sites with trained first aiders. Workers are also covered under the statutory Workmen Compensation Act and ESI Act, as applicable.

During operation and maintenance, staff will be provided with suitable personal protective equipment for electrical safety such as suitably rated electrical safety gloves, safety shoes, safety helmets, safety harness etc. and trained on use of the same. In addition training on safe working practices and first aid is provided to all workmen. At every workplace, first aid kit and trained first aider shall be made available including an adequate supply of first aid material in accordance with the regulations. While operation and maintenance is normally carried out by qualified and competent substation personnel for both the lines and substations, untrained and inexperienced staffs by contractor may lead to accidents and incidents. The competence requirement of personnel are defined in the maintenance contract agreement. The supervisors and managers entrusted with O&M responsibilities will be intensively trained on safety. O&M manuals and standard operating practices (SOP) will be prepared and regular training will be given to all relevant staff and maintenance

75 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

crews to operate the system in accordance with the manuals and SOPs. Periodic safety maintenance and inspections will be carried by APTRANSCO to assess effective maintenance of the safety systems.

• Impact on vulnerable populations

Women: The proposed investments could increase the security risk for women specifically during the construction phase when there will be an increased movement of strangers in the area and also due to the blockage of access roads. The Gender Action Plan annexed with this document provides a detailed mapping of potential impacts on women and girls.

Scheduled Castes and Minorities: The impacts of the proposed investments on minorities and SCs are of a similar nature to those identified for the rest of population in this document. However, the extent of the impacts may vary owing to the vulnerable socio- economic position of these communities.

Farmers: The transmission towers and lines will pass through agricultural lands and this cannot be avoided. APTRANSCO will take precautions to minimize the damage caused by the proposed works and pay compensation for what damage is caused. APTRANSCO will also pay compensation for restriction in use of land under the tower footing. However no compensation will be paid for the area under the transmission lines.

• Impact on cultural heritage Damage to cultural / heritage sites and buried artefacts could potentially be caused during the construction, operations and maintenance phases while digging foundations for transmission towers. The line routes have been chosen to ensure there are no historically or culturally significant sites in the vicinity and therefore there is no probability of this occurring.

B. Environmental Impacts

• Escape of polluting materials The transmission lines are static in structure. There is no significant amount of waste/polluting materials generated during the construction and operation phase, apart from cranes used for lifting of the structures, which will lead in dust and fugitive emissions. Moreover, the construction period is limited. Hence, the overall impact due to escape of polluting materials is low. • Explosion / fire hazards Along the proposed route of transmission lines, there are no any oil/gas pipelines. In case of, extreme weather condition (e.g. lighting) there may be outbreak of fire as these are high tension lines. Hence, the overall risks assessed due to explosion/fire hazard is low.

• Impact on air quality The transmission lines are static in nature and will not emit any air-borne pollutants during operation. The construction activity is short-term. Few dust and fugitives will be emitted during excavation and erecting the structures which will not cause any adverse impact on the air quality. Hence, the impact on air quality is considered as low.

• Silt run-off from construction activities During construction limited quantity of excavated material will be generated from the tower foundations which may flow with surface run-off during rains. However, adequate

76 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

measures shall be taken to store the excavated material properly for refilling after construction. Generally the project terrain is flat. — Bantumili Line: There are many aquaculture ponds adjacent to the proposed route. The transmissions towers will be erected in the land area between ponds. The proposed route also crosses Campbell canal. Necessary precautions must be taken to avoid silt-runoff leading to contamination of aquaculture ponds and canal. — Kadivedu Line: The proposed crosses Venkannapalem canal, the canal water is used for irrigation. The canal is dry but gets filled during rainy seasons. Necessary precautions must be taken to avoid silt-runoff leading to contamination of canal water. — Mangalam line: The proposed line crosses a water tank before entering the proposed substation. Necessary precautions must be taken to avoid silt-runoff leading to contamination of the water tank

Considering, this the impact due to silt-runoff from construction activities is low.

• Erosion hazards due to inadequate provision for resurfacing of exposed area

Construction of 132 kV towers involves only small scale excavation of area i.e. 3m L x 3m W x 3m H for tower footing that may result in generation of approx. 108 m3 of excavated material from each tower. Most of these excavated materials (about 80-90%) will be used for re-filling after construction work is over and remaining materials will be disposed as per the regulation. Moreover, the topsoil disturbed during the development of sites will be stored properly and used to restore the top surface of the platform. Left over infertile and rocky material will be dumped at carefully selected dumping areas and used as fill for foundations and leveling.

• Impact on water environment The proposed routes does not have any major water bodies. In case of, Bantumilli route there are aquaculture ponds and canals. The lines will be laid adjacent to the aqua-culture ponds and will be crossing Campbell canal. In case of, kadivedu route the line will be crossing venkannapalem canal. The area has commercial set-up i.e aquaculture ponds and irrigation canals.

The transmission lines are static in nature and do emit any pollutants in operation phase that may pollute the water bodies. Moreover, during the construction phase only limited quantity of waste will be generated. Proper waste management will help to avoid contamination of water bodies. Considering this, the impact on water environment is considered as low.

• Impact on Flora and Fauna Flora: The proposed routes will be laid in the paddy fields, mango and eucalyptus plantations. During the erection of transmission towers, the plants and trees present in the tower footing area i.e. 25-30sq.m will be cleared. Once, the erection phase is completed plants can be planted. Considering this, the impact on flora is low.

Fauna: None of the proposed routes in Package 4 passes through wildlife sanctuaries/forest/ecologically protected areas. There are no large mammals (like elephants, bison, deer or tigers) in the project areas and hence there is unlikely to be any impact on such wildlife. The proposed routes lie along the farmlands, there are local birds. As a result, there is a possibility (though remote) of birds hitting power lines and being electrocuted.

The construction activities are short-term and require a very small land area per

77 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

transmission tower. Hence, the project activities are not expected to cause any significant impact on flora and fauna of the region during construction and operation phase.

• Management of Solid Waste Generated During erection of transmission towers, there will be very small quantities of solid waste will generated such as uprooted trees/plants, wire cuttings etc. Ensuring proper disposal of solid waste, the overall impact assessed is low.

Conclusion

As it is clear from the above discussion that the project activities are very limited on temporal and spatial scale and that by careful selection of the transmission line alignment and substation sites following the principle of avoidance, ecologically and culturally sensitive areas such as wildlife sanctuaries and reserved forests have been avoided completely.

Since, the subject project area experiences frequent power breakdowns, the project will directly benefit the locals in meeting their energy needs and in improving energy efficiency. The availability of power will also strengthen the basic infrastructure in the area, which is essential for development of the area.

The above factors while on the one hand underline the need for implementation of the subject scheme, on other hand also establish that no significant environmental impacts are foreseen with the implementation of the proposed project activities at Kadivedu , Bantumilli and Mangalam

78 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 7: Environment and Social Management Plan

Social Management Plan Table 21: Social Management Plan

Activity / Potential Proposed Management / Mitigation Parameter to be Measurement & Monitoring Implementation Issues Impacts Measures monitored frequency Responsibility Schedule

Impacts during “pre-construction phase” and corresponding mitigation measures for Package 4.

Securing . Loss of land, . Government land, free from . Land documents . At time of . ESMS Cell . On filing of land land for assets and encroachment, has been identified land securing requisition by utility substations income; for the three substations to be . Consultation with local . Once . ESMS Cell . Before starting constructed as part of Package 4 authorities and land construction of the owners (APSPDCL and substations Revenue Department own the land being used to construct the three substations)

Location of . Social . Transmission lines in package 4 largely . Consultation with local . Once . CE Zone or SE . At time of detailed overhead inequities crosses over farm land. authorities, land owners OMC for survey for route . line and Careful route selection to avoid and women on location APTRANSCO alignment existing settlements and sensitive towers of overhead line towers locations and line alignment . Ensure women receive compensation for RoW, and damage to crops, trees etc. in cases where land rights are with women

79 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

. Loss of . Use existing tower or footings . Payment of damages / . Quarterly till . Concerned EE . Prior to the start of agricultural wherever possible. compensation. process is Civil in the field construction production/ . Payment for crop and tree damages Compensation is paid completed (covering change in during construction and for: Land coming in jurisdiction of cropping compensation for tower footing corridor of width of Right APTRANSCO pattern . Compensation for RoW Corridor of Way, Land under the project) (also a tower footing, Damage member of to trees and crops, and ESMS cell) Damage to constructed structure Refer to Compensation Plan for Temporary Damage in Annexure 2 . Interference . Proposed line alignments in Package . Power & . Once . PTCC . At time of detailed with 4 do not cross any railway lines or Telecommunication survey for route communicatio telephone lines. The proposed lines Coordination Committee alignment n channel cross over other 132KV and 220 KV (PTCC) Approval lines. . Approval from PTCC

Typical “general impacts” during “construction phase” and corresponding mitigation measures for Package 4

Constructio . Impact on . Contractor to create Labor . Presence of documented . Daily for . Concerned EE . During n of worker health Management Plan (LMP) health & safety protocols safety Civil in the field construction substation and safety – . Contractor should follow defined . Safety manger present at equipment (covering . Refer the and laying possibility of protocols for health & safety site during construction . Weekly for jurisdiction of Annexure 4: of lines electrification, . Electric Safety Officer to be . Use of safety equipment other APTRANSCO Labour falling from appointed by workers measures project) (also a Manageme height, and . Safety manger to be deployed during . Presence of signboards member of nt Plan exposure to construction at appropriate locations ESMS cell) magnetic . Construction camps should have . Adequate sanitation / fields adequate sanitation / safety facilities safety standards at . Safety equipment should be provided camps to workers

80 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Impact on . Display danger signs at appropriate . Signboards / instructions . Weekly for . Concerned EE . During community health locations are displayed at signboards Civil in the field Construction and safety due to . Display boards with precautions to be appropriate places . Monthly for (covering exposure to adopted by consumers, owners, . Use of insulated wires in compensatio jurisdiction of electric currents, occupiers, electrical contractors, congested areas n APTRANSCO . hazardous electric workmen and suppliers Compensation is paid project) (also a . Display of instructions for member of materials, resuscitation of persons suffering ESMS cell) electromagnetic from electric shock. fields etc. . Use of insulated wires in highly congested residential areas . Compensation is paid to non- departmental persons in the case of fatal accidents due to electrocution. Safety and . Construction sites are properly lit . Site is adequately lit at . Weekly . Concerned EE . During security concerns . Minimize blockage of access roads night Civil in the field construction of women and . Access roads are usable (covering other population jurisdiction of around the APTRANSCO construction site project) (also a member of ESMS cell) Violation of labour . Contractor should follow labour . Labour laws are being . Monthly . Concerned EE . During standards standards as per applicable laws followed Civil in the field Construction such as minimum wages, equal pay . Welfare facilities are (covering . Refer the for equal work, no child labour etc. available jurisdiction of Annexure 4: . Provision of welfare measures such APTRANSCO Labour as canteens, first aid facilities, project) (also a Managemen housing accommodation for workers member of t Plan near the work place etc. ESMS cell)

Typical “general impacts” during “operation and maintenance phase” and corresponding mitigation measures for transmission and distribution projects.

81 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Operation Impact on worker . Safety equipment should be provided . Use of safety equipment . Weekly . Concerned EE . During running of and health and safety to workers by workers Civil in the field the substation maintenanc – possibility of . Sign boarding of hazardous areas / . Presence of signboards (covering . Refer the e of electrocution, materials should be done at appropriate locations jurisdiction of Annexure 4: substations falling from height, . Careful design . Adequate sanitation / APTRANSCO Labour . and and exposure to Safety awareness safety standards project) (also a Management Plan . member of maintenanc magnetic fields Emergency planning . Sanitation and medical facilities ESMS cell) e of lines Impact on . Display danger signs at appropriate . Signboards / instructions . Weekly for . Concerned EE . During running of community health locations are displayed at signboards Civil in the field the substation and safety due to . Display boards with precautions to be appropriate places . Monthly for (covering exposure to adopted by consumers, owners, . Compensation is paid compensatio jurisdiction of electric current occupiers, electrical contractors, n APTRANSCO electric workmen and suppliers project) (also a . Display of instructions for member of resuscitation of persons suffering ESMS cell) from electric shock. . Compensation is paid to non- departmental persons in the case of fatal accidents due to electrocution.

82 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Environmental Management Plan

Table 22: Environment Management Plan

Project stage - anticipated Institutional Responsibility Parameter to be Environmental issues and Proposed mitigation measure monitored impacts Implementation Supervision Pre-construction Phase (Planning and Design) Planning Phase Impacts Impacts due to Project Route for the transmission lines and sites for sub-stations for Location of substations Field Staff (AE CE Location package 4 avoid environmentally sensitive areas like wildlife and line alignment and ADE) (Construction) sanctuaries, national parks, reserved forest area, historical and cultural sites.

Loss of property and impact The lines to be laid as part of package 4 pass over farm land and Route alignment of Field Staff (AE EE and ESMS on habitation avoid populated areas such as cities and villages. transmission lines and ADE) cell

Cutting of trees and damage Alignment of sub-stations and route of lines to be finalised to Alignment of lines. Field Staff (AE EE and ESMS to vegetation avoid or minimize the cutting and removal of trees and layout of sub- and ADE) cell stations Pruning of branches of trees wherever possible Afforestation plan Trees allowed growing up to a height within the ROW by maintaining adequate clearance between the top of tree and the conductor as per the regulations.

Impact on Aesthetic Value Ensure the design of the system should not have any impact Design of sub-stations Field Staff (AE EE and ESMS on visual aesthetics. and alignment of lines and ADE) cell

83 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Interference with other utilities Proposed routes do not cross any state highway or national Clearances obtained Field Staff (AE EE and ESMS and traffic highway and ADE) cell Implementation of Plan and implement the mitigating measures for the induced voltage Consultation with the public and implementation of traffic management traffic management plan plan Design Impacts

Escape of polluting materials Transformers designed with oil spill containment systems, Specifications of EE CE and purpose-built oil, lubricant and fuel storage system, equipment (construction) complete with spill cleanup equipment. The transformers and ESMS cell specifications will be selected as per internationally adopted standards Transformers / capacitors should be free from polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs) Transformers / other equipments should not contain any chemical causing GHG emission.

Noise and vibration of Sub-stations sited and designed to ensure noise will not be a Design document Bid EE CE equipment nuisance. Equipment will comply with Indian and document (construction) International standard Generators complying with MoEF and ESMS cell standard shall be purchased

Explosion/fire hazards Site selection for transmission lines and substations are Design documents of EE CE ensured away from oil/gas pipelines and other sites with sub-stations and (construction) potential for creating explosions or fires. alignment of lines and ESMS cell Construction Phase

84 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Impact on air quality Spraying of water in construction sites and on exposed earth Construction site Contractor EE and ESMS surfaces and stock piles of sand and other construction cell materials, Ambient air quality Covering of transportation vehicles with tarpaulins Training of monitoring for equipment operators and drivers in fuel efficiency and anti- suspended particulate idling can effectively reduce the air emissions. matter and respirable suspended solid Equipments and vehicles used at construction site shall comply with the norms and standards prescribed by the Environment (Protection) Act 1986. Monitoring of ambient air at major construction sites

Silt run off from construction Develop and implement Construction Site Management Plan Implementation of Contractor EE and ESMS activities to cover site preparation to minimize clearance to adjoining Construction Site cell vegetation and natural resources; protection of unstable soil Management Plan surface from high velocity runoff with interception drains and stabilization; proper siting and protection of construction materials; construction wastes disposal practice etc

Erosion Hazards due to Excavated materials need to be used for re-filling after Implementation of Contractor EE and ESMS Inadequate Provision for construction work is over and remaining materials will be Construction Site cell Resurfacing of Exposed Area disposed as per the regulation. Management Plan Nuisance to Neighbouring The vehicles, plants machineries used for construction to Monitoring of sound Contractor EE and ESMS Community from Construction comply with the statutory norms. levels at construction cell Activities including Noise, sit, Health and Safety, Health and Safety, Blockage Noisy construction works such as piling, concrete mixing, Blockage of Access of Access Roads mechanical compaction, etc., will be carried out only during Roads daytime (between 0600 hours to 2200 hours. All vehicles and equipment used in construction shall be fitted with exhaust silences. During routine servicing operations, the effectiveness of exhaust silencers shall be checked and if found to be defective shall be replaced. Monitoring of sound levels at construction sites Develop and implement Construction Site Management Plan covering the above

85 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Impact from work in flood Precautions to avoid blocking of drainage path by Stocking of materials Contractor EE and ESMS prone areas construction activities Avoid storing materials, chemicals and and construction cell other items of work in areas where those can be washed activities away by the floods. Adopt water-saving construction practices and conduct Impact on water environment training of construction workers to minimize the discharge Construction site Contractor EE and ESMS of wastewater. Ensure that pollution of natural cell watercourses, ponds, tanks and reservoirs is avoided. Prevent the Waste water produced in construction from entering directly into streams, water bodies or the irrigation systems. Oil and fuel spills from construction equipment will be minimized by good O&M practices. Vehicles /machinery and equipment serving and maintenance work shall be carried out only in designated locations /service stations. The cans and containers of oil and lubricants to be provided with spill trays to contain the spills.

Public and Workers Safety Comply with requirements for the safety of the workmen as Implementation of Contractor EE and ESMS during Construction Phase per the existing national /state /local regulations. health and safety cell measures Contractor to prepare and implement a health and safety plan. Supply all necessary safety appliances such as safety goggles, helmets, masks, boots, etc., to the workers and staff. Contractor to arrange for health and safety training sessions Comply with all regulations regarding safe scaffolding, ladders, working platforms, gangway, stairwells, excavations, trenches and safe movement of the workers and staff. Adequate precautions will be taken to prevent danger of electrocuting from electrical equipment and power supply lines including distribution boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as danger signboards, danger /red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the public and workers. All electric power driven machines to be used in the construction shall be free from defect, be properly maintained and kept in good working order

86 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Disturbed Farming Activity Construction activities on cropping land will be timed within Timing of start of Contractor EE and ESMS one month of harvest wherever possible. construction cell Compensation for crop damage, if any

Impact on Flora and Fauna Marking of vegetation to be removed prior to clearance Clearing of trees and Contractor EE and ESMS vegetation cell Strict control on clearing activities to ensure minimal

clearance. Disposal of cleared Trees allowed growing up to a height within the ROW by vegetation as maintaining adequate clearance between the top of tree and approved by the the conductor as per the regulations. statutory authorities

If cutting of trees is unavoidable, then obtain appropriate Compensatory regulatory approvals Compensatory afforestation at the rate afforestation of twice the trees cut/removed Felled trees and other cleared or pruned vegetation to be disposed of as authorized by the statutory bodies. Avoid Blockage of Wildlife Passage by careful site and alignment selection and addition of deflectors need to propose to minimize the avian collision risks with power Lines.

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Phase

Oil Spillage during Operation Sub-station transformers to be located within secure and Sub-station bunding Concerned EE Civil in the field and Maintenance impervious bunded areas with a storage capacity of at least (covering jurisdiction of 100% of the capacity of oil in transformers and associated APTRANSCO project) (also a member of ESMS cell) reserve tanks. Oil traps will be provided to reclaim the oil from the storm water drained from the bunded area.

87 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Replaced equipments i.e. transformers, capacitors, Management of Solid Waste Disposal of wastes Concerned EE Civil in the field Generated conductors, meters, batteries, transformer oil and other (covering jurisdiction of electrical equipments to be collected and disposed of to APTRANSCO project) (also a through registered recycling/reprocessing units or handed member of ESMS cell) over to the manufacturers/dealers as per the provisions of the Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 1989 and the Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001.

Obtain statutory clearances for disposal of wastes

Staff/workers health and Adequate precautions to prevent danger of electrocuting from Health and safety Concerned EE Civil in the field safety during operations electrical equipment and power supply lines including practices (covering jurisdiction of distribution boards, transformers, etc. Measures such as APTRANSCO project) (also a member of ESMS cell) danger signboards, danger/red lights, fencing and lights will be provided to protect the staff and workers All workers employed in hazardous activities shall be provided with necessary protective gear At every workplace, first aid kit shall be readily available including an adequate supply of sterilized dressing materials, medicines and appliances in accordance with the regulations All workers and staff will be given training/awareness programs on safety measures to be followed during the operation and maintenance of the system.

Adequate training in O&M to all relevant staff of sub-stations Operations and maintenance Posting of Staff Concerned EE Civil in the field and transmission line maintenance crews. O&M manuals and staff skills less than (covering jurisdiction of standard operating practices (SOP) will be prepared Regular acceptable APTRANSCO project) (also a training will be given to all relevant staff and maintenance No of training member of ESMS cell) crews to operate the system in accordance with the manuals conducted and SOPs.

Exposure to electromagnetic Transmission line design to comply with the limits of Ground clearance Concerned EE Civil in the field interference electromagnetic interference from overhead power lines (covering jurisdiction of APTRANSCO project) (also a member of ESMS cell)

88 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 8: Institutional Arrangements

Project Implementation Arrangements Table 24 provides an overview of the steps in the lifecycle of a typical transmission project along with the implementation arrangements in place to deliver the project. It should be noted that not all steps may be followed in the case of Package 4 depending on the nature of the particular investments.

Table 23: Project Implementation Arrangements

Milestone Process Responsibility Preparation Approval Pre-Construction Phase Formulation • Feasibility Report prepared in line with CE Power Technical of Scheme State Level Long Term Systems Study Systems Committee of APTRANSCO

• Field Feasibility Report prepared to Field Staff (EE, CE Power Systems identify load demand in their area of AE, ADE) operation

• Resource plan prepared by Field Staff Field Staff (EE, CE Construction listing the resources required to AE, ADE) undertake the project

• Preparation of Scheme including details CE Construction Full Board – All of land and other resources required Directors and Chairman

Identify Sites • Detailed Survey carried out to Field Staff (EE, Environment and for determine route of the transmission AE, ADE) Social Management Substations line. As part of the survey social and Cell and line Route environment assessment undertaken to determine whether there are any CE/Zone and SE residential areas, schools / hospitals, OMC historical sites, scheduled areas, forest areas, water bodies railway crossings, identification of vulnerable population including SCs, STs, marginal farmers and women • Three alternatives are determined and the least problematic line is chosen

Securing Sites • Approach the Revenue Department for CE, SE and DE Revenue for the Project Land for substations Department

• Identify Private Land in case Thasildar CE, SE and DE Full Board of certifies no government land is APTRANSCO available

• In case of involuntary acquisition of Refer to Annexure 1 for details private land is unavoidable, the

89 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

provisions of the RFCTLARRA, 2013 will be triggered:

Identify Sites • Detailed Survey carried out to Field Staff (EE, Environment and for determine route of the transmission AE, ADE) Social Management Substations line. As part of the survey social and Cell and line Route environment assessment undertaken to determine whether there are any CE/Zone and SE residential areas, schools / hospitals, OMC historical sites, scheduled areas, forest areas, water bodies railway crossinggs etc. • Three alternatives are determined and the least problematic line is chosen

Contracting • Prepare cost estimates for the EE APTRANSCP HQ Schemes - CE Civil for civil works - CE Telecom for telecommunicati on - ESMS cell (for environment and social safeguards)

• Consolidate estimates CE Construction Finance Advisor and Chief Controller (FACCA)

• Prepare tender documents with the EE CE Construction technical and financial specifications

Construction Phase

Transfer of • Contractor conducts a check survey to Contractor EE Land finalize the sites

• Revenue officer informed about land EE SE requirements

• Route details are disclosed through EE SE publication in the AP Gazette, an English Daily and a Telugu Daily

• The public can raise grievances in case AE / ADE DE of issues with land securing ESMS Cell

Securing RoW • Approach farmers for RoW AE & Contractor SE OMC and EE Construction

• Give RoW compensation for tower Revenue Department footing and corridor as per District Collector’s directions

Compensation • Compensation for government land is Thasildar District Collector for Land determined

90 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Compensation for private land is Negotiating CE Construction determined Committee (Govt. Representative, State Board Officer, Local DE, Evaluator from Private Party)

• Compensation for crop damage Agriculture Officer determined under Revenue Department

Grievance • Public consultations are undertaken in AE & Contractor SE OMC and EE Redressal case of resistance Construction

• Negotiations regarding compensation AE & Contractor SE OMC and EE Construction

• In case affected persons have CGRF CMD grievances even after the public ESMS Cell consultations, they can raise their concerns through CGRF Approvals • Help from police department is sought AE/ADE SE OMC and EE from other in case of anticipated disruptions to Construction Departments traffic • Topographical map of the project area EE SE OMC and EE is prepared. The map also identifies the Construction railway, telecom and defence crossings.

• Determine the fault levels for 132 KV APTRANSCO PTCC Head Quarter

• Determine fault levels for 220KV lines PTCC PTCC • Approvals from appropriate PTCC Appropriate departments (BSNL, Railway and Department (BSNL, Defence) Railway and Defence) • Chief conservator of forest is informed if CE Construction Principal Chief any forest area is required Conservator of Forest

• Secure 2 times the forest land as a District Collector Full board of compensation APTRANSCO

With regards to managing and mitigating potential social impacts, APTRANSCO has established a corporate cell to implement the Environment and Social Management Plans (ESMPs). The Environment and Social Management System (ESMS) cell has following members: i. SE/PM/400 KV/ APTRANSCO/VS/Hyderabad ii. SE/PM/Construction/APTRANSCO/VS/Hyderabad iii. EE/Civil/APTRANSCO/VS/Hyderabad iv. Concerned EE/Civil in field (covering the jurisdiction of the Transmission Project) v. Concerned EE/Construction in Vidyutsoudha looking after the Transmission Project

91 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Implementation Schedule for Construction Phase and ESMP The approximate duration of civil works for each of the line and substation is provided below. ESMP activities will be undertaken in consistency with the overall civil works schedule.

Quarter 1 Quarter 2 Quarter 3 Quarter 4 Year 2, Quarter 1 Securing of land and approval of project Construction of Origin Bays Construction of Substation Securing of RoW Laying of lines Charging of lines Compensation for land Compensation for RoW Compensation for tree/crop damage

• The implementation will start with securing the land for sub-stations and approval on projects • After issue of LOI to the Contracting agency, check survey will be done by both contracting agency and APTRANSCO jointly. • Civil work will start in Quarter 2 with construction of Origin Bays and Substations. Construction of Substation will take one year. • As government land, free from encroachment, has been secured for all the three substations, no compensation is to be paid in lieu of securing the land for substations • The erection of towers and laying of lines will start with check survey. The check survey will start in Quarter 2. • During/after check survey, Land owners are identified in coordination with VRO and Mandal Surveyor duly listing the details of Survey No., Land ownership, Name of village and Mandal. • Prior intimation will be given to the farmers regarding tower foundation locations, route and corridor of the Transmission line etc. • Prior information will be given to farmers to harvest crops and/or not to have trees beyond permissible limits. • Meeting will be conducted with Thasildar and Farmers for informing the project details, its importance and advantages. Details of compensation payable in respect of land, corridor, crop and trees. Any other queries raised by the farmer will also be examined and resolved to their satisfaction. • Compensation acceptance forms will be signed by the farmers and concerned VRO in identification of the farmer. Necessary documents such as Land Passbook, Aadhaar Card etc., will be attached to acceptance form. Meeting report along with Acceptance forms will be sent to RDO. All the reports will be consolidated, verified and will be sent to the District Collector for approval. Thasildar, will furnish the Land valuation details in the report along with acceptance forms. • Crop and trees damage compensation will be decided by the concerned Agriculture Officer and will be furnished in the crop compensation form, acceptance will be taken from the farmers. • After approval from District Collector & Agriculture Officer, the compensations will be paid by APTRANSCO to the farmers directly by way of cheque. • It should be ensured that the compensation is paid prior to commencement of civil work.

92 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Grievance Redressal Mechanism

The grievance redressal mechanism (GRM) provides the procedure to address/resolve the concerns and grievances of people affected by the projects. The GRM is as follows:

— SE (OMC) and respective EE (Construction) of the district are responsible to resolve any complaint or grievance raised by the public

— In case grievances are not resolved to the satisfaction of parties involved, at the district level, complaints/grievances should be escalated to CE (Zone)

— CE (Construction) and SE (Project Monitoring) head the Grievance Redressal Mechanism, monitor the functioning of GRM and are the final authorities for escalation of any unresolved grievances within APTRANSCO

— In case the grievances are not resolved at the utility level. The people can approach the judicial authority and file a court case against the utilities.

93 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 9: Cost and Budget

Budget for Management and Mitigation of Social Impacts Table 25. Provides the budget for implementing the various management and mitigation measures to be undertaken to deal with the adverse social impacts identified in this document. As Government land is being secured for the construction of substations, no amount has been set aside for securing land. Further, there is no provision for monitoring or grievance redressal as these will be done through existing structures at no extra cost. The implementation of the management and mitigation measures may also require some training and capacity building of APTRANSCO staff; however, a common training programme has been envisioned for the entire project and no separate training is budgeted for under Package 4. Hence training and capacity building costs are not included in this budget. Therefore, the only item being budgeted for is compensation for RoW and crop / tree damage.

Table 24: Budget for Management and Mitigation of Social Impacts

Item Cost (in INR) Assumptions

Management of Social 1. 5.31 Crore Compensation for tower footing, crop and tree Impact damage and RoW corridor.

Monitoring will be undertaken by employees 2. Monitoring 0 and hence no additional cost

A common training programme will be Training and Capacity conducted for all APTRANSCO investments 3. 0 Building supported WB funds. No separate training is to be given for Package 4

GRM (including spend Existing mechanism in place; not additional 4. 0 on publicity) cost for delivering Package 4

Total: 5.31 Crore

94 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Budget for Management and Mitigation of Environmental Impacts The costs incurred for implementation of the various requirements of the EMP are budgeted and adequate financial provisions are required to meet the management measures to be undertaken to mitigate the impacts as underlined in this EMP document. The tentative cost estimates for environmental and social management are provided below:

Table 25: Budget for Management and Mitigation of Environmental Impacts

Item Cost (in INR) per sample (on estimation) Construction phase 1. Ambient air quality monitoring as per the NAAQ 10,000 standards (Particulate Matter – PM10) 2. Ambient noise levels testing 5,000

3. Water Quality testing as per the 5,000 IS 10500 standards ((pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, oil & grease)) Operation phase 4. Water quality testing as per the IS 10500 standards. 5,000 ((pH, TSS, BOD5, COD, oil & grease)) Total: 16,000* *Note: Our conservative estimate will be maximum 10 samples per scheme i.e. a longitudinal Transmission line laying project including receiving station.

95 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Chapter 10: Conclusion and Recommendations

As it is clear from the above discussion that careful selection of the area for substation and line alignment, following the principle of avoidance, the human settlements, ecologically and culturally sensitive areas like wildlife sanctuaries and reserved forests have been avoided.

The above factors while on the one hand underline the need for implementation of the subject scheme, on other hand also establish that no significant social and environmental impacts are foreseen with the implementation of the proposed project activities at Kadivedu, Bantumilli and Mangalam.

Recommendation on Social Impact • It is recommended that stakeholder consultations are held during the implementation phase and adequate prior notice, is provided to the villages close to the lines, intimating the dates of the consultation and project details. • There might be some reduction in value of land because of restriction in use of land under the transmission lines, as is quoted by few farmers. Therefore, due compensations, as per the MoP guidelines, for the land coming in corridor width of Right of Way is recommended. • APTRANSCO should ensure that payments for compensation are made as per the CPTD. It should also be ensured that compensation payments are made before commencing the civil works. • APTRASNCO should ensure that the contractor keeps the construction site well-lit at night to prevent any security risks. • Adequate care must be taken to ensure that during the construction, operations and maintenance phases while digging for poles erection there should be no accidental damage to any culturally significant sites/ artefacts present or unearthed during construction. • APTRASNCO should ensure that contractor develops and implements specific labor management plan (LMP) to address construction stage impacts. • APTRANSCO should ensure that there is sufficient space within the sites for storing of construction materials and unloading of vehicles, hence obstruction of traffic on the approach roads is prevented. • The laying of transmission lines should be scheduled during the lean agriculture season and prior information should be provided to the farmers to harvest any standing crop before the erection of towers and lines.

Recommendations on Environmental Impact • Shrubs and trees present in the proposed substation site will be cleared. • Noise from DGs set can be controlled by providing acoustic enclosure; equipment’s and machineries will be properly maintained and serviced so as to prevent unnecessary noise. The equipment’s used should be compliant with norms and standards prescribed by the Environment (Protection) Act 1986 and the Motor Vehicles Act. Ensuring that appropriate silencer’s are installed on the equipment’s used for construction. • During construction activities dust will be generated. Adequate amount of water should be sprinkled around the construction area to avoid escape of dust.

96 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• The excavated soil should be used for refilling low-lying areas. In case, the construction activity takes place during rainy seasons the excavated material should be dumped properly to avoid run-off flowing into the ponds and canals leading to water pollution. • Soil erosion and storm water runoff can also occur during construction when the existing vegetation is removed during foundation excavation, temporarily exposing bare ground. Installation of appropriate erosion control measures, such as temporary silt fencing should be provided. • During construction and O&M activities, solid waste will be generated including tree trimmings, wires, cables etc. which should be segregated properly and then disposed-off. • Conduct staff awareness programme to avoid littering of the site. • Supply chain audits must be conducted to avoid wastage of material. • Necessary Personal Protective Equipment’s should be used to avoid construction and O&M hazards.

97 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Annexure 1: Gender Action Plan (GAP) The project will implement the GAP that will facilitate the involvement of women in project activities and maximize project benefits and mitigate any possible negative social and environment impacts on women. The framework to address gender concerns is provided below:

Table 26 Gender Action Plan

Impact Identified Mitigation method

• Women from villages of Bantumilli line mentioned that the Investments in package 4 are part of proposed substation can lead to establishment of industries the “24*7 Power for All” initiative of close to the villages and can create more jobs for them as Government of India and hence currently agriculture jobs are seasonal and there is potential would ensure improved power supply for more industries with in the region and major reason for few industries is irregular supply of power.

• Some of the Women also mentioned that power outages Investments in package 4 are part of happen mostly during evenings between 6pm – 10pm which the “24*7 Power for All” initiative of causes darkness on roads and its unsafe to go to markets Government of India and hence and fields during those periods impacting their smooth flow would ensure power supply during of daily activities the said period

• As per the information gathered in the stakeholder Ensure that women receive consultations, in majority of the households, the land rights compensation for land, RoW and lie with the males (father-in-law or husbands). Therefore, damage to crops and trees in cases ensure that women are informed/consulted before securing where property rights are with women land for project activities including cases where property rights are not with women

• Electricity problems like low voltage and power Investments in package 4 are part of interruptions hampers the entire day in a woman’s life as the “24*7 Power for All” initiative of her work gets delayed. Women are highly reliant on Government of India and one of the electricity for household chores. aim of the project is to improve quality of power supply

• There is a concern regarding the safety of women as • Construction site are properly during the construction phase when there will be an lit and minimize blockage of increased movement of strangers in the area and also due access roads to the blockage of access roads • Use of insulated wires in highly congested residential area to prevent electric shocks

98 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Annexure 2: Labour Management Plan (LMP) APTRANSCO understands the need to have clarity on statutory and moral responsibilities for ensuring and managing safe design, construction of its Transmission Lines & Sub-stations, and provision of safety and health of its personnel and those of its contractors as well as the general public and to uphold the statutory requirements of rights of the workers.

Labor management plan helps in project planning and identification of resources required to prevent, minimize, mitigate the labour issues associated with the project. The scope of LMP will cover the activities of construction of the sub-stations and transmission lines. Furthermore, this is applicable across the entire workforce at all skills levels, and deals with all aspects relating to recruitment, labour and accommodation conditions, management of worker relationships and occupational health and safety and also includes the measures for workers engaged by third parties, and also the management of workforce-related risks within the supply chain and to any community workers who may be engaged.

It is recommended that a LMP is drawn to upheld the workers’ rights and lay down guidelines to ensure workers’ health and safety. Suggested elements of LMP are provided below:

Workforce rights, welfare and protection

APTRANSCO shall ensure that its contractors shall develop policies and procedures to ensure the rights, welfare, and protection of the worker engaged at various stages in the project. The risks of • Discrimination based on gender, place of birth, caste, creed, religion, nationality, belonging to vulnerable groups need to be mitigated. • Dilution of human rights, protection & welfare of workers and union representatives

The measures to mitigate and prevent the risks are as follows: • Develop policies and procedures to uphold the national law governing working hours, contracting terms, wages, leave, equality, vulnerability and diversity, retrenchment, collective bargaining, hiring and recruitment, minimum age, child labour and bonded labour. • Induction training of workers highlights all their rights and obligations, mechanisms in place to ensure they are upheld • Create and maintain labour registers, daily worker check-in checkout registers, leave and rest day/holiday lists and issue payslips • Develop procedures to ensure contracts contain working conditions and terms & conditions for workers • Develop affable environment for union representatives to discuss issues with the management • Develop feedback and grievance redressal systems and train the workforce • Develop mechanism to monitor and evaluate suppliers and contractors through tender control measures by binding them to ensure workforce rights, welfare, safety & health and protection. • Communication and worker engagement protocols for safety and health guidelines and checklists • Training of personnel for monitoring and ensuring compliance to safety and health standards • The entire employee/worker records (demographic details, type of worker, rights, terms & conditions) shall be maintained from hiring to retrenchment. • Accident incident reporting system

99 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Develop standards of accommodation aligned to regulatory requirement

100 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

The provisions and institutional arrangements to uphold labour rights and ensure implementation of appropriate labour protection mechanisms are provided in the labour management plan below: Table 27 Labour Management Plan Summary Table (“Phase I” – Pre-Construction Phase and “Phase II”- Construction Phase)

Objective Mitigation Responsibility Phase Monitoring

I II

Binding Contracts Contractually binding bidders for the construction of sub-stations and transmission lines

• Build in checks and balances in the procurement procedures for the construction of sub-stations and transmission lines that ensure that the statutory enabled rights of workers (as highlighted in the previous Develop binding section and any new regulation that becomes applicable) are upheld. contracts to Mandatory compliance to be shown by the bidders / contractors to be ensure OHS eligible for the projects. implementati on, protecting • Ensure the safety requirements at their work sites and also to meet the workforce, various statutory requirements and payment of compensation to legal CE (Construction) and Develop binding contracts feedback SE (Project Monitoring) heirs of the victims arising out of accidents. to all applicable  system and at state level, SE contractors/ third parties grievance • Ensure conscious implementation of the safety requirements during (OMC) at district level and primary suppliers. mechanism construction of the Transmission Projects being executed by the and EE (construction) and bidders, by mandating the submission of “Safety Compliance Pact”. workforce conditions • Ensure laws against child labour and bonded labour are upheld in and primary suppliers workforce “supply workers” and contractors relationship management • Ensure contracts build in the measures highlighted in OHS implementation, protecting workforce, feedback system and grievance mechanism and workforce conditions and relationship management

• Ensure Contractors create a site office adhering to all the safety and health systems in place for APTRANSCO site officers to operate.

101 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Number of trainings Monitor the • Ratio of number of CE (Construction) and implementati • Train appropriate personnel for monitoring the implementation of binding terms personnel trained to SE (Project Monitoring)  on of the of contract number of contractors at state level, SE contract • Periodic inspection, review and compliance by trained personnel • Inspection reports (OMC) at district level terms • Compliance reports and EE (construction) • Annual review Working Conditions and Management of Worker Relationships i) SE (OMC) and respective EE (Construction) of the district shall ensure that the contractor adheres to these objectives by undertaking the • HR Policy and mitigating activities protocols and implementing the • Develop and implement Human Resources policies and protocols that meet • Periodic review of aspects of monitoring. the legal requirements and applicable conventions policies and These measures Create • human Policies and procedures should to the least include working hours, contracting procedures to be taken up by the terms, wages, leave, equality, vulnerability and diversity, retrenchment, aligned with the most   resource contractor shall ensure collective bargaining, hiring and recruitment, minimum age, etc. (as required current legal and policies and that the contracted protocol legally) regulatory • Monitor and evaluate implementation of policies and procedures including requirement workers risks are contractor performance based on Policy & Procedure Monitoring Action Plan. • Policy & Procedure prevented or Monitoring Action minimized or mitigated Plan and regulatory norms are adhered to. ii) Contractors HR shall ensure creation respective policies and procedures, checklists and guidelines.

Awareness of • Ensure proper documentation of terms and conditions of employment • i) SE (OMC) and  Hiring documents / Terms & • Define process and protocols to make workers aware of the working contracts of workers respective EE

102 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

conditions of conditions, terms and conditions of employment with terms and (Construction) of the employment • Ensure both written and oral communication of the working conditions, terms conditions and district shall ensure and conditions of employment are mandated working conditions that the contractor • Monitoring to ensure the terms & conditions, working conditions are met and • Grievance loggers adheres to these ensure rectification measures are initiated where found to be lacking • Feedback systems objectives by are in place for undertaking the workers to report incidents mitigating activities • Periodic review and implementing the aspects of monitoring. Ensuring • Conduct awareness workshop on grounds of discrimination and measures / Non- protocols in place to stop discrimination These measures discrimination • Ensure no discrimination in hiring or firing or rewards or perks or penal • Awareness Workshop taken up by the in worforce actions are taken due on the grounds of worker’s religion, race, caste, sex, • Grievance loggers contractor shall ensure relations  place of birth or any of them; except where legislation mandates such • Feedback systems that the contracted selection or exclusion. are in place workers risks are • Periodic review for ensuring the aforementioned and reporting of incidents of • Periodic review prevented or deviation and documentation of rectification action minimized or mitigated • Periodic review of labour registers and regulatory norms Ensure a are adhered to. favorable workplace ii) Contractors HR that promotes shall ensure creation healthy respective policies and worker / • Creation of a worker procedures, checklists management forum for open and guidelines. • Promote an open dialogue with trade union representatives. relationships communication iii) Contractors based on • Take measures to support trade union representatives’ understanding of their • Number of meetings incharge for training, workers role and to develop their capacities in the field of labour rights and held (worker forum) representatio negotiation. monitoring and • Number of issues  n, • Formalise the procedures around communication and exchange of feedback & grievance raised consultation information with union representatives to ensure that information needed for redressal shall ensure and meaningful discussion or negotiation is received in a timely fashion. • Quarterly the implementation communications participation, • Develop a framework to determine areas for consultation with trade union between contractors and representatives. strengthening management staff the capacities and trade unions of union representativ es to act on behalf of those who

103 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

they represent. Create a • • Conduct awareness workshop to vulnerable groups highlighting their rights Awareness favourable workshops • Ensure no discrimination towards vulnerable groups in hiring or firing or environment • Labour registers for Protection rewards or perks or penal actions and ensure proper representation of • Feedback/grievance of vulnerable vulnerable groups as required legally  redressal groups • Periodic review for ensuring the aforementioned and reporting of incidents of • among deviation and documentation of rectification action Contract terms workforce • Periodic review of labour registers between • APTRANSCO and Make it contractually binding to third parties third parties • Policy and protocols • Periodic review of policies and procedures to be aligned with the most • Develop and implement a policy on working hours, overtime, wages and current legal and worker benefits in adherence with national legislation regulatory • Ensure deployment of appropriate hiring / placement of workers to avoid requjirement undue pressure on hours worked • Develop worker Ensure • Ensure workers understand their contract terms for their wages and benefits check-in and check- implementati and ensure the contracts are also available in the local language out procedures on of fair • Develop mechanisms to monitor the legally aligned implementation of • Register for overtime wages appropriate wages, benefits, hours and overtime. pays (minimum • • Feedback/grievance wages at Develop key reporting indicators on hours (number of hours work, volume of   overtime by category of personnel). redressal system least) and • benefits and • Ensure timely payment of wages and benefits and provide payslips to all Number of limits on workers. grievances raised working • Ensure that all workers understand that they may lodge grievances or contact • Payslips hours and trade union representatives in relation to excessive working hours, non- • Wages and benefits overtime adherence to wages or benefits. framework for • Develop a mechanism for periodic review of wages in consultation with different worker workers’ representatives and based on a series of objective criteria. categories. • Periodic review for ensuring the aforementioned and reporting of incidents of • Annual Review deviation and documentation of rectification action • Percentage of contracts that include wages and benefits in relevant languages. • Percentage of workers to receive

104 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

payslips and payment within defined timeframe • Record of the review of daily workers rates (against wages framework) • Develop policies on accommodation and facilities in alignment with national laws • Ensure that policies are communicated effectively to all relevant workers upon recruitment and they are made aware of their rights and obligations. • Design and operate accommodation and facilites in accordance with national i) SE (OMC) and laws and international labour organization convention good practice on respective EE workers’ accommodation (Construction) of the • Adopt detailed clear, non-discriminatory, internal accommodation rules district shall ensure that including disciplinary procedures. • the contractor adheres • Policies, rules and Ensure that grievance and conflict resolution mechanism are available to all obligations to these objectives by workers living in accommodation. • undertaking the • Grievances logged Conduct periodic inspections of workforce accommodation to ensure and percentage mitigating activities and Develop and adherence to protocols. resolve implementing the implement • Training of relevant workers on the implementation and monitoring of aspects of monitoring. • Semi annual clear, non- These measures taken accommodation standards. compliance reports discriminator up by the contractor   • For workers ensure that all accommodation has adequate ventilation, air y • Percentage of shall ensure that the conditioning, light systems and water. workers trained accommodati • Establish and maintain adequate occupation density for different types of contracted workers • Inspection reports on policies accommodation. risks are prevented or and practices • Non-compliance minimized or mitigated • Ensure access to adequate and convenient supply of potable water. identified and and regulatory norms • Accommodation regularly cleaned and kept clear of refuse. percentage are adhered to. • Provision of social collective spaces and adequate recreational areas for addressed post ii) Contractors HR shall workers living on site inspection ensure creation • Establish provision as per requirements under Contract Labour (Regulation & respective policies and Abolition) Act 1970 (applicable if if they employ 20 or more labour contract procedures, checklists labour) and as per requirements under the The Building and Other and guidelines. Construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) iii) Contractors incharge Act 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 & Rules, 1998 (establishments who carry for training, monitoring on any building or other construction work and employ 10 or more workers) and feedback & such as canteen, crèche, latrines and urinals for men and women, restrooms, grievance redressal washing facilities, first aid facilities as applicable, detailed in Table 35 and shall ensure the Table 36. implementation

105 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• The Table 35 and Table 36 list down facilities and details with highlights on also specific facilities and provisions for women. • Provision of adequate sanitary and laundry facilities. Feedback System and Grievance Procedures i) SE (OMC) and respective EE (Construction) of the district shall ensure that the contractor adheres to these objectives by undertaking the mitigating activities and • Creation of feedback implementing the • Ensure that the feedback mechanism is communicated to workers at the time system and grievance aspects of monitoring. Create an of recruitment and periodically thereafter. procedures These measures taken appropriate • Ensure that relevant personnel are trained and designated to receive and • Number of issues and up by the contractor feedback respond to feedback. grievances logged and shall ensure that the system that • number addressed contracted workers   also Establish and operate a Grievance Procedure designed to receive and risks are prevented or encompasse respond to all concerns of internal and external stakeholders (community). • Average time for minimized or mitigated s a grievance • Grievances will be addressed with no cost to the party that raised the concern resolving issues and and regulatory norms management and without retribution. grievances are adhered to. system • The Grievance Procedures will not impede access to other judicial or • Percentage of relevant administrative remedies available to affected parties. personnel trained ii) Contractors HR shall ensure creation of respective policies and procedures, checklists and guidelines. iii) Contractors for training, monitoring and feedback & grievance redressal shall ensure the implementation Protecting the Workforce Ensure an • Develop and implement a policy on banning child labour and bonded labour in • Policy and protocols i) SE (OMC) and environment adherence with national legislation • Periodic review of respective EE that promotes • Ensure training of personnel to monitor this implementation policies and (Construction) of the   prevention of • Maintain labour registers with appropriate details of labourers, and their terms procedures to be district shall ensure that child labour, & conditions aligned with the most the contractor adheres bonded • Periodic review for ensuring the aforementioned and reporting of incidents of current legal and to these objectives by labour deviation and documentation of rectification action regulatory requirement undertaking the

106 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Review contract terms or hiring documents or penal actions or restrictive • Labour Register with mitigating activities and actions; such as “work in satisfaction of a debt of an amount that would be appropriate details of implementing the difficult or impossible to pay off), excessive limitations on freedom of labourer aspects of monitoring. movement, excessive notice periods, retaining the worker’s identity and other • Feedback/grievance These measures taken government-issued documents (such as passports) or personal belongings, redressal system up by the contractor shall ensure that the imposition of recruitment or employment fees payable by the worker at the • Number of grievances contracted workers commencement of employment, loss or delay of wages that impede the raised addressed workers’ right to end employment within their legal rights, substantial or risks are prevented or • Average time for inappropriate fines, physical punishment, use of security or other personnel to minimized or mitigated resolving issues and force or extract work from project workers, or other restrictions that compel a and regulatory norms grievances project worker to work on a nonvoluntary basis” are adhered to. • Percentage of relevant ii) Contractors HR shall personnel trained ensure creation of Ensure a respective policies and favorable procedures, checklists workplace and guidelines. that promotes iii) Contractors for protection of training, monitoring and workers with • Train the representatives on the protection policy feedback & grievance strengthening • Percentage union • Promote an open dialogue with trade union representatives. redressal shall ensure   the capacities representatives the implementation of union • Take measures to support trade union representatives’ understanding of their trained representativ role and to develop their capacities in the field of protection of workforce es to act on behalf of protection policies to be upheld Occupational Health & Safety • Policy and protocols i) SE (OMC) and • Health and safety respective EE • Design, develop and implement systems and standard operating procedures Create an guidelines and (Construction) of the for Occupational Health and Safety Management checklists district shall ensure that Occupational •   Health and Develop health and safety guidelines and checklists for construction • Periodic review of the contractor adheres Safety (OHS) • Implement a detailed procedure for reporting, investigation and analysis of policies and to these objectives by system incidents / accidents. Prevent recurrence of the incidents / accidents by procedures to be undertaking the identification of the root cause and initiating remedial action. aligned with the most mitigating activities and current legal and implementing the regulatory requirement aspects of monitoring.

107 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Accident/incidence These measures taken reporting and up by the contractor investigation protocols shall ensure that the • Conduct site inspections to monitor compliance, identify the hazardous contracted workers risks are prevented or conditions / activities and ensure the rectification of the same. • Occupational Health minimized or mitigated • OHS as a mandatory component of induction training to all workers with details and Safety training and regulatory norms varying based on the worker category plan and manual are adhered to. • Ensure monthly reinforcement of OHS through meetings and communication • Annual Review of ii) Contractors HR shall • Periodic awareness cum training programmes covering all areas of training plan and Monitoring ensure creation Construction / Safety / First Aid / Fire Fighting / use of Personal Protective manual communicati respective policies and Equipment, etc., to all relevant personnel. on and • Percentage workforce procedures, checklists  Capacity • Train the monitoring officers on the policies, protocols, and checklists trained on OHS, and guidelines. building • Tool Box meetings / briefings are conducted at the construction sites to re- sanitation & hygiene iii) Contractors incharge measures emphasize the precautionary measures and the need for safe working and sexual health for Health & Safety, and conditions training incharge for training, • Provide workers basic hygiene and sanitation training, including training on • Number of tool box monitoring and food hygiene standards. meetings held and feedback & grievance • Provide specific sexual health training including HIV/AIDS awareness and awareness trainings redressal shall ensure prevention program, which will include voluntary testing, the provision of held the implementation condoms in suitable locations etc.. • The Transmission Lines & Sub-stations are constructed, operated and maintained in accordance with the requirements of Indian Electricity Act, 2003, and the Regulations there under, as well as Indian & International standards. • Ensure requisite guidelines regarding limiting exposure to Electric & Magnetic • Periodic review of Regulatory Fields (EMF), as specified by International Commission on Non-Ionizing safety measures compliance Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) are followed. based on changes in related to • Compliance to the minimum electric clearance of the Electricity Rules & guidelines Worker Regulations are maintained with respect to the ground, roads, railway lines  Safety & and other habitats, in the Transmission Lines, to ensure safety of human • Inspection reports of Health – beings & livestock moving, living or working in the vicinity. sites, non- compliances logged regulatory • Anti-climbing devices & danger signage boards are installed at all towers. and beyond and percentage h • Ensure all EHV Transmission Lines and Towers have appropriate earthing / training grounding, and fast acting Protection Relays to be installed in the terminal substations to protect the men and equipment / installations. • Periodic review for ensuring the aforementioned and reporting of incidents of deviation and documentation of rectification action Ensure i) SE (OMC) and • Percentage of workers worker health • Implement annual health and fitness monitoring programme where workers respective EE  who have undergone screening (including long-term contractors) have routine annual check-ups. (Construction) of the and screening district shall ensure that

108 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

monitoring • Establish policy and procedure for addressing HIV/AIDS issues in the • Percentage of relevant the contractor adheres programme workplace. workers that complete to these objectives by and • Provide support and counselling for workers and their families living with HIV / annual check-ups undertaking the implement AIDS. • Annual policy review mitigating activities and HIV / AIDS implementing the • Implement a voluntary testing programme. • Percentage of workers policy aspects of monitoring. • that receive Prevention and protection of workers living with HIV against harassment. These measures taken counselling • up by the contractor Percentage of workers shall ensure that the voluntarily tested contracted workers • Percentage of HIV risks are prevented or positive workers that minimized or mitigated receive treatment and regulatory norms are adhered to. ii) Contractors incharge for Health & Safety, and incharge for training, monitoring and feedback & grievance redressal shall ensure the implementation

109 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Table 28 Provisions Under Contract Labour (Regulation & Abolition) Act 1970 7 Rules 1971

Accommodation/ Details Onsite Facilities • Wherein work regarding the employment of contract labor is likely to continue for six months and wherein contract labor numbering one Canteen hundred or more are ordinarily employed, an adequate canteen shall be provided by the contractor for the use of such contract labor within sixty days of the date of coming into force of the rules in the case of the existing establishments and within 60 days of the commencement of the employment of contract labor in the case of new establishments. • The canteen shall consist of at least a dining hall, kitchen, store-room, pantry and washing places separately for workers and for utensils. • The canteen shall be sufficiently light at all times when any person has access to it. • The floor shall be made of smooth and impervious material and inside walls shall be lime-washed or colour washed at least once in each year. Provided that the inside walls of the kitchen shall be lime-washed every four months. • The precincts of the canteen shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition. • Waste water shall be carried away in suitable covered drains and shall not be allowed to accumulate so as to cause a nuisance. • Suitable arrangements shall be made for the collection and disposal of garbage.

Dining-hall • The dining-hall shall accommodate at a time at least 30 per cent of the contract labour working at a time. • The floor area of the dining-hall, excluding the area occupied by the service counter and any furniture except tables and chairs shall be not less than one square metre per diner to be accommodated as above. • A portion of the dining-hall and service counter shall be partitioned off and reserved for women workers, in proportion to their number. • Washing places for women shall be separate and screened to secure privacy. • Sufficient tables, stools, chairs or benches shall be available for the number of diners to be accommodated.

Furniture and utensils • There shall be provided and maintained sufficient utensils, crockery, cutlery, furniture and any other equipment necessary for the efficient running of the canteen. • The furniture, utensils and other equipment shall be maintained in clean and hygienic condition. • Suitable clean clothes for the employees serving in the canteen shall also be provided and maintained. • A service counter, if provided, shall have smooth and impervious material as the top surface. • Suitable facilities including an adequate supply of hot water shall be provided for cleaning of utensils and equipment. • Food and other items to be served in the canteen shall be in conformity with the normal habits of the contract labour (majority). Charges on Food - The charges for food, beverages and any other items served in the canteen shall be based on 'no profit, no loss' and shall

110 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

be conspicuously displayed in the canteen. In arriving at the prices of food and other articles served in the canteen the following items shall not be taken into consideration as expenditure, namely- the rent for the land and building ;the depreciation and maintenance charges for the building and equipment provided for in the canteen ;the cost of purchase, repairs and replacement of equipments including furniture, crockery, cutlery and utensils ; the water charges and other charges incurred for lighting and ventilation ; the interest on the amounts spent on the provision and maintenance of furniture and equipment provided for in the canteen.

Books of Account: The books of accounts and registers and other documents used in connection with the running of the canteen shall be produced on demand to an inspecting team.

Restroom In every place where in contract labor is required to halt at night in connection with the working of the establishment to which the Act applies and in which employment of contract labor is likely to continue for three months or more the contractor shall provide and maintain rest-rooms or other suitable alternative accommodation within fifteen days of the coming into force of the rules in the case of existing establishments, and within fifteen days of the commencement of the employment of contract labor in new establishments. • Separate rooms shall be provided for women employees. • Effective and suitable provision shall be made in every room for securing and maintaining adequate ventilation by the circulation of fresh air and there shall also be provided and maintained sufficient and suitable natural or artificial lighting. • The rest-room or rooms or other suitable alternative accommodation shall be of such dimensions so as to provide at least a floor area or 1.1 sq. meter for each person making use of the rest-room. • The rest-room or rooms or other suitable alternative accommodation shall be so constructed as to afford adequate protection against heat, wind, rain and shall have smooth, hard and impervious floor surface. • The rest-room or other suitable alternative accommodation shall be at a convenient distance from the establishment and shall have adequate supply of wholesome drinking water. Latrines • Latrines shall be provided in every establishment coming within the scope of the Act on the following scale, namely-where women workers and urinals are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 female workers; where men are employed, there shall be at least one latrine for every 25 male workers. Provided that where the number of male workers or female workers exceeds 100, it shall be sufficient if there is one latrine for every 25 male or female workers, as the case may be, up to the first 100, and one for every 50 thereafter. • Every latrine shall be under cover and so partitioned off as to secure privacy, and shall have a proper door and fastenings. • Where workers of both sexes are employed there shall be displayed outside each block of latrine and urinal a notice in the language understood by the majority of the workers "For Men Only" or "For Women only”, as the case may be; The notice shall also bear the figure of a man or of a woman, as the case may be. • There shall be at least one urinal for male workers up to 50 and one for female workers up to 50 employed at a time • Provided that where the number of male or female workmen, as the case may be, exceeds 500 it shall be sufficient if there is one urinal for every 50 males or females up to the first 500 and one for every 100 or part thereof thereafter. • The latrines and urinals shall be conveniently situated and accessible to workers at all times at the establishment. • The latrines and urinals shall be adequately lighted and shall be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition at all times. • Latrines and urinals other than those connected with a flush sewage system shall comply with the requirement of the public health authorities.

111 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Water shall be provided by the means of tap or otherwise so as to be conveniently accessible in or near the latrine and urinals. Washing • Suitable facilities for washing shall be provided and maintained for the use of contract labour employed therein. Facilities • Separate and adequate screening facilities shall be provided for the use of male and female workers. • Such facilities shall be conveniently accessible and shall be kept clean and hygienic condition. • In every establishment coming within the scope of the Act there shall be provided first-aid facilities and maintained so as to be readily First-aid accessible during all working hours. First-Aid Boxes at the rate of not less than one box for 150 contract labour or part thereof ordinarily facilities employed. • The First-Aid Box shall be distinctively marked with a red cross on a white ground and shall contain the following equipment, namely: • For establishments in which the number of contract labor employed does not exceed fifty- o 6 small sterilized dressings; o 3 medium-size sterilized dressings; o 3 large-size sterilized dressings; o 3 large sterilized burn dressings; o 1 (30 ml) bottle containing a two per cent alcoholic solution of iodine; o 1 (30 ml) bottle containing salvolatile having the dose and mode of administration indicated on the label; o 1 snake-bite lancet; o 1 (30 gms) bottle of potassium permanganate crystals; o 1 pair of scissors; o 1 copy of the First-Aid leaflet issued by the Director-General, Factory Advice Service and Labor Institutes, Government of India; o a bottle containing 100 tablets of aspirin; o ointment for burns; o a bottle of suitable surgical anti-septic solution. • For establishments in which the number of contract labour exceeds fifty- o 12 small sterilized dressings. o 6 medium size sterilized dressings. o 6 large size sterilized dressings. o 6 large size sterilized burn dressings. o 6 (15 gms.) packets sterilized cotton wool. o 1 (60 ml.) bottle containing a two per cent alcoholic solution of iodine. o 1 (60 ml.) bottle containing salvolatile having the dose and mode of administration indicated on the label. o 1 roll of adhesive plaster. o A snake-bite lancet. o 1 (30 gms.) bottle of potassium permanganate crystals. o 1 pair of scissors. o 1 copy of the First Aid leaflet issued by the Director-General, Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes, Government of India. o A bottle containing 100 tablets of aspirin;

112 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

o Ointment for burns. o A bottle of a suitable surgical antiseptic solution. • Adequate arrangement shall be made for immediate recoupment of the equipment when necessary. • Nothing except the prescribed contents shall be kept in the First-Aid Box. • The First-Aid Box shall be kept in charge of a responsible person who shall always be readily available during the working hours of the establishment. • A person incharge of the First-Aid Box shall be a person trained in First-Aid treatment, in establishments where the number of contract labour employed is 150 or more. • Locations: A Creche should be located within 50 meters of every establishment where 20 or more women are ordinarily employed as contract Construct labor. While the Creche should be conveniently accessible to the mothers of the children accommodated therein, it should not be situated in ion and close proximity to establishment where obnoxious fumes, dust or odors are given off or in which excessively noisy processes are carried on. Maintena • Building nce of The Creche building should be constructed of heat-resisting materials and should be rain-proof. Creches o o While in towns it may be built of brick wall with cement or lime plaster, in rural areas it may be built of mud walls with mud plaster. In either case, the flooring and the walls up to a height of 3ft should have cement surface. o The height of the rooms should be not less than 10ft from the floor to the lowest part of the roof. o The rooms should be provided with necessary doors and windows for securing and maintaining adequate light and ventilation by free flow of air. o The building should be periodically inspected in order to see that it is safe and is being maintained under sanitary conditions. o The Creche will be kept open at all times both by day and night, when women employees are working. • Accommodation o Accommodation in the Creche should be on a scale of at least 20 sq. ft of floor area per child. o There should be a shady open air playground suitably fenced for older children. • Amenities o Cool and wholesome drinking water should be available for the children and the staff of the Creche. Children below 2 years of age should be fed with at least 1/2 pint of pure milk per child per day. Children above 2 years of age should be given wholesome refreshments. o Convenient and suitable arrangements should be made for the working mothers to feed their children below 2 years of age during the intervals. o There shall be a kitchen attached to the Creche with utensils and other facilities for boiling milk and preparing refreshments, etc. o The children as well as the staff of the Creche should be provided with suitable uniforms to wear at the Creche. o There should be a suitable bathroom adjoining the Creche for washing / bathing children and for changing their clothes. Wash-basins or similar vessels should also be provided at the rate of one for every four children. There should be arrangements for supply of water at the rate of 5 gallons per child per day. Adequate supply of clean towels and soap should be available at the Creche. o Adjoining the bathroom there shall be a latrine for the exclusive use of the Children in the Creche. The number of seats in the latrine shall be at the rate of one for every 15 children. Separate latrines should be maintained for the use of mothers and Creche staff at a distance of not less than 50 ft from the Creche.

113 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

• Equipment, the Creche should have the following equipment at the rate of one for each child- o Cradles or cots. o Beds or mattresses. o Cotton sheets. o Rubber sheets (for children below 3 years). o Blankets. o Pillow with covers. • Staff: Every Creche should be in the charge of a woman with midwifery qualification or training as Creche attendant. Where the number of children exceeds ten, the Creche attendant should be assisted by female ayahs at the rate of one ayah- o for every 5 children up to one year; o for every 10 children up to three years; and o for every 15 children of over 3 years of age) o The ayahs should not be less than 30 years of age and should have knowledge and training in the handling of children. • Working hours o The working hours of the Creches should correspond to the working hours of the mothers. It may have to work in two shifts if the women are employed in two or more shifts, spread over a period exceeding 8 hours a day. Where the Creche works in shifts, different staff should be employed to work in the two shifts. • Medical attention o The Creche should have first-aid equipment kept in proper condition. o Every child should be medically examined before admission. There should be medical check-up of the children once a month and their weight recorded once a month. o A record of the periodical medical check-up and weighment should be entered in the record of medical examination of each child kept at the Creche. • Maintenance of records: the Creche should maintain the records of medical examination of children and attendance register of children.

Table 29 Provisions under the The Building and Other Construction workers (Regulation of Employment and Conditions of Service) Act 1996 and the Cess Act of 1996 and Rules 1998

Accommodation/ Details Onsite Facilities Drinking • The employer shall provide in every place where building or other construction work is in progress, effective arrangements to provide and water maintain at sufficient supply of wholesome drinking water. • All Such points shall have appropriate and legible signage marked Drinking Water in a language understood by majority of the employees and at no such point shall there be a washing place / urinal / latrine within six metres.

114 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Latrines • In every place where building or other construction work is carried on, the employer shall provide sufficient latrines and urinals and they and urinals shall be so conveniently situated as may be accessible to the building workers at all times while they are in such place where building and construction activities are being undertaken. Provided that it shall not be necessary to provide separate urinals where less than fifty persons are employed or where the latrines are connected to a water-borne sewage system. Accommo • The employer shall provide, free of charges and within the work site or as near to it as may be possible temporary living accommodation dation to all building workers employed by him for such period as the building or other construction work is in progress. • The temporary accommodation provided above shall have separate cooking place, bathing, washing and lavatory facilities. • As soon as may be, after the building or other construction work is over, the employer shall, at his own cost, cause removal or demolition of the temporary structures erected by him for the purpose of providing living accommodation cooking place or other facilities to the building workers as required above, and restore the ground in good level and clean condition. • In case an employer is given land by a Municipal Board or, by other local authority for the purposes of providing temporary, accommodation for the building workers under this section, he shall as soon as may be, after the construction work is over, return the possession of such land in the same condition in which he received the same. • Or else the employer may provide rented accommodation close to the site of the work. The employer may also provide transportation based on the distance between the accommodation and the site of the work. Creches • In every place where in more them fifty female building workers are ordinarily employed, there shall be provided and maintained, a suitable room or rooms for the use of children under the, age of six years of such female workers. • Such rooms shall • provide adequate accommodation; • be adequately light and ventilated; • be maintained in a clean and sanitary condition; • be under the charge of women trained in the care of children and infants. First-aid • Every employer shall provide in all the places where building or other construction work is carried out a first-aid facility. Canteens • To provide and maintain in every place wherein not less than two hundred and fifty building workers are ordinarily employed, a canteen for the use of the workers

115 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

Annexure 3: Documents for ownership of Land for Sub-station 1. The land identified for construction of Substation (Bantumili line) in Krishna District is within the compound of existing Sub-station of APSPDCL and no transfer of land ownership will take place

2. Transfer of ownership of land for construction of Substation (Kakivedu line) in Nellore District

116 Environment and Social Impact Assessment – Package 4

3. Transfer of ownership of land to APTRANSCO for construction of Substation (Mangalam line) in Chittoor district

117