irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

September 15, 1972

Israeli Aggression Against Syria and Lebanon Condemned

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

PEKING Vol. 15, No. 37 September 15, 1972

REVIEW Published in English, French, Spanish, Japanese and German editions

CONTENTS

THE WEEK 3 Chinese Leaders Cable Korean Leaders — Warmest congratulations on the 24th anniversary of the founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea Peking Mourns Death of N.P.C. Standing Committee Vice-Chairman Ho Hsiang-ning Comrade Chou En-lai Meets Comrade Le Due Tho Yoshimi Furui Arrives in Peking Ghanaian Guests Welcomed Premier Chou Meets Prasit Kanchanawat

ARTICLES AND DOCUMENTS 1st Asian Table Tennis Championships — A Big Success — Our Correspondent 6 Communique of First Congress of the Asian Table Tennis Union 8 Communique of the Meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Asian-African- Latin American Table Tennis Friendship Invitational Tournament 9 Celebrating Korean People's Glorious Festival 10 The Aspiration of Hundreds of Millions of African People — Renmin Ribao Commentator 12 Facts on File: The Summit Conference of East and Central African Countries 12 China at the U.N.: Israeli Aggression Against Syria and Lebanon Condemned 13 Latin America: Struggle in Defence of Petroleum Interests 14 Guyana Safeguards National Independence—Hsinhua Correspondents 15 Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Studying Philosophy: Mining Asbestos 16

ROUND THE WORLD 19 Pakistan: Support China's Principled Stand Nepal: Repulsing Provocations U.S.S.R.: Crude Attacks on Egypt and Other Arab Countries Egypt: Press Comments on Egyptian-Soviet Relations Peru: Determined to Eradicate Remains of Colonialism

ON THE HOME FRONT 22 Transforming the Tengri Desert The Shengtien Canal New Tea Gardens Hand-Woven Carpets Solar-Energy Boiler on Tibetan Plateau

Published every Friday bf PEKING REVIEW Peking (37), China Post Office Registration No. 2-922 Printed in the People's Republic of China

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

THE WEEK

Chinese Leaders Cable Korean Leaders

— Warmest congratulations on the 24th anniversary of the founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

Comrade Kim If Sung, reunification of Korea. The progress made by the Korean people in the cause of peaceful reunification of General Secretary oil the Central Committee of the their fatherland accords with the national aspirations of Korean Workers' Party and Premier of' the Cabinet the Korean people and has won the sympathy and sup­ of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea port of the peoples of Asia and the world. The Chinese people warmly congratulate the Korean people on their Comrade Choi Yong Kun, tremendous achievements and will, as always, resolutely President of the Presidium of the Supreme People's support the fraternal Korean people in their just strug­ Assembly of the Democratic People's Republic of gle against U.S. imperialist aggression and for the inde­ Korea pendent and peaceful reunification of the fatherland, till complete victory. Pyongyang The Chinese people highly treasure the great friend­ On the occasion of the 24th anniversary of the ship and militant unity cemented with blood of the founding of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Parties and peoples of China and Korea in their protract­ we extend the warmest congratulations to the Korean ed common revolutionary struggle. This friendship and Workers' Party, the Korean Government and the frater­ this unity are based on Marxism-Leninism and prole­ nal Korean people on behalf of the Communist Party of tarian internationalism. We sincerely wish that the China and the Chinese Government and people. friendship and unity of the peoples of China and Korea The history of the Democratic People's Republic of will continuously grow stronger and develop in future. Korea since its founding 24 years ago has been replete with fighting and victories. Under the wise leadership of Mao Tsetung She Korean Workers' Party headed by Comrade Kim 11 Chairman of the Central Committee Sung, the heroic Korean people have won great victory of the Chinese Communist Party in the Fatherland Liberation War of Korea against U.S. imperialist aggression and scored splendid achievements Tung Pi-wu in socialist revolution and socialist construction. Hold­ ing high the anti-imperialist revolutionary banner, the Acting Chairman of the People's Re­ Democratic: People's Republic of Korea firmly supports public of China the just struggles of the people of all countries and her inrernational prestige is rising higher daily. The Korean Chu Teh people's heroic mettle of defying brute force and daring Chairman of the Standing Committee to struggle and their revolutionary spirit of working of the National People's Congress hard for the prosperity of the country through self- of the People's Republic of China reliance are a great inspiration to the Chinese people and the revolutionary people of all countries. Chou En-lai

The Korean Workers' Party and the Korean Govern­ Premier of the State Council of the ment have always persisted in the correct line for the People's Republic of China independent and peaceful reunification of the father­ land and have made unremitting efforts for the peaceful Peking, September 8. 1972

September 15, 1972 3

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

Peking Mourns Death of N.P.C. Standing Committee Vice-Chairman Ho Hsiang-ning

Acting Chairman of the People's Re­ chin and other family members of public of China; Soong Ching Ling. the deceased. Vice-Chairman of the People's Re­ public of China; Chu Teh, Member of Vice-Chairman Soong Ching the Political Bureau of the C.P.C. Central Committee and Chairman of Ling's Memorial Speech the N.P.C. Standing Committee; Chu Teh, Chairman of the N.P.C. Chou En-lai, Member of the Stand­ Standing Committee, presided over ing Committee of the Political Bureau the ceremony. Vice-Chairman Soong of the C.P.C. Central Committee and Ching Ling made a memorial speech. Premier of the State Council; Kang Vice-Chairman Soong Ching Ling Sheng, Member of the Standing Com­ said: "Madame Ho Hsiang-ning in mittee of the Political Bureau of the her earlier years followed Dr. Sun C.P.C. Central Committee and Vice- Yat-sen in carrying out the Revolu­ Chairman of the N.P.C. Standing tion of 1911 to overthrow the feudal Committee; Liu Po-cheng, Chiang rule of the Ching Dynasty. Later, Ching, Hsu Shih-yu and Chen Hsi- she took an active part in the puni­ lien. Members of the Political Bureau tive expedition against Yuan Shih- of the C.P.C. Central Committee; and kai and in the movement to uphold Nieh Jung-chen, Vice-Chairman of the provisional republican constitu­ the Military Commission of the C.P.C. tion. In 1924, she firmly supported Central Committee; there were also Dr. Sun Yat-sen's revolutionary pro­ Ho Hsiang-ning, Vice-Chairman of wreaths from the Military Commis­ gramme of the New Three People's the Standing Committee of the Na­ sion of the C.P.C. Central Committee, Principles, the reorganization of the tional People's Congress, Chairman of the N.P.C. Standing Committee, the Kuomintang and co-operation with the Revolutionary Committee of the State Council, the National Com­ the Chinese Communist Party. After Kuomintang and Honorary President Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revo­ of the National Women's Federation mittee of the Chinese People's Polit­ lution in 1927, she firmly upheld of the People's Republic of China, ical Consultative Conference, the Dr. Sun Yat-sen's Three Great Poli­ died of illness in Peking on Septem­ Central Committee of the Revolution­ cies of alliance with Russia, co-opera­ ber 1, 1972 at the age of 95. ary Committee of the Kuomintang, the United Front Work Department tion with the Communist Party and A solemn ceremony to pay last of the C.P.C. Central Committee, the assistance to the peasants and work­ ers, resolutely resigned all her posts respects to her was held in the capital National Women's Federation of the in the reactionary Kuomintang on the afternoon of September 5. People's Republic of China, the government, openly exposed the reac­ Flags were flown at half-mast at Foreign Ministry, the Ministry of tionary features of Chiang Kai-shek Tien An Men Square and in front Public Health and other departments, and waged an uncompromising strug­ of Hsinhuamen and the Foreign and from the C.P.C. Peking Municipal gle. During the War of Resistance Ministry. Committee and the Peking Municipal Against Japanese Aggression, she Revolutionary Committee. The ceremony took place in the actively responded to the call issued Great Hall of the People where a by the Chinese Communist Party for portrait of Ho Hsiang-ning hung in Attending the ceremony were Tung a national united front against Japan, the meeting hall. Pi-wu, Soong Ching Ling, Chu Teh, and resolutely opposed Chiang Kai- Chou En-lai, Yeh Chien-ying, Chang shek's reactionary policy of passive Wreaths from our great leader Chun-chiao. Yao Wen-yuan, Li Hsien- resistance against Japan and active Chairman Mao and the Central Com­ nien, Chi Teng-kuei, Li Teh-sheng, opposition to the Chinese Communist mittee of the Communist. Party of Wang Tung-hsing, Hsu Hsiang-chien. Party, and of false democracy and China were placed there. Kuo Mo-jo, Ngapo Ngawang-Jigme, real dictatorship. She took an active Chou Chien-jen, Chen Yun, Li Fu- part in the anti-Japanese democratic Other wreaths were presented by chun, Hsu Teh-heng, Fu Tso-yi, Tsai movement. After the Southern An- Tung Pi-wu, Member of the Political Chang, Teng Ying-chao, Hua Kuo- hwei Incident of January 1941, she Bureau of the Central Committee of feng and Wu Teh. They expressed sternly condemned Chiang Kai-shek the Communist Party of China and their deep sympathy to Liao Cheng- for his criminal plot to launch a civil 4 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] war. and waged an unremitting anti-socialist fallacies of the bourgeois and the State Council, the offices of struggle to 'persist in resistance and Rightists in no uncertain terms. She the N.P.C. Standing Commitee and oppose capitulation,' 'persist in unity warmly praised the great socialist the C.P.P.C.C. National Committee and oppose a split,' and 'persist in motherland through her poems and and the National Women's Federa­ progress and oppose retrogression.' paintings. She paid attention to tion; Members of the Central Stand­ During the period of the Liberation affairs of state, supported the Great ing Committee of the Revolutionary War. she was indignant at Chiang Proletarian Cultural Revolution and Committee of the Kuomintang: Den­ Kai-shek's reactionary policy of na­ worked energetically and consistently uties to the N.P.C., representatives tional betrayal, dictatorship and civil in defence of the territorial integrity of art circles, well-known personages war; she actively called on and of the socialist motherland and for and Vice-Chairman Ho Hsiang-ning's organized the democratic forces in the liberation of Taiwan. relatives and friends, and foreign the Kuomintang to oppose Chiang friends. Kai-shek, organized the Revolution­ "Madame Ho Hsiang-ning was a ary Committee of the Kuomintang. revolutionary comrade-in-arms of More than 500 Party and govern­ responded to the May 1. 1948 call of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the revolutionary ment functionaries and representa­ the Central Committee of the Chinese companion of Mr. Liao Chung-kai, a tives of the masses attended the Communist Party for the convening close friend of the Chinese Commu­ ceremony. nist Party and an outstanding expo­ of the new political consultative con­ After the ceremony, Vice-Chair­ nent of the revolutionaries in the ference, thereby making her contri­ man Ho Hsiang-ning's coffin was butions to China's new-democratic Kuomintang. She warmly loved the transported by special train to Nan­ revolution. motherland, the socialist system, the king to be buried by the side of Mr. Chinese Communist Party and our Liao Chung-kai's coffin in the same "After nationwide liberation. Ma­ great leader Chairman Mao. Madame grave. Vice-Chairman Ho Hsiang- dame Ho Hsiang-ning became mem­ Ho Hsiang-ning remained a revolu­ ning's coffin arrived in Nanking on ber of the Council of the Central Peo­ tionary and a fighter all her life. ple's Government. Vice-Chairman of the afternoon of September 6 and a "We deeply mourn over the death the National Committee of the Chi­ burial ceremony was held at the of Vice-Chairman Ho Hsiang-ning. nese People's Political Consultative grave of Mr. Liao Chung-kai on the Let us turn our sorrow into strength Conference. Chairman of the Com­ eastern outskirts of the city. and, under the leadership of the Chi­ mission of Overseas Chinese Affairs nese Communist Party, closely follow During Vice-Chairman Ho Hsiang- and Chairman of the Union of Chi­ our great leader Chairman Mao's ning's illness, Vice-Chairman Soong nese Artists. She consistently sup­ revolutionary line and unite to win Ching Ling, Premier Chou En-lai and ported the leadership of the Chinese still greater victories!" other leaders went to the hospital to Communist Party and took the so­ see her. cialist road. In the struggle against Also present at the ceremony were: the enemies at home and abroad, she Members of the N.P.C. Standing A wreath was presented by Prasit stood firm and drew a clear distinc­ Committee; Members of the Standing Kanchanawat, Deputy Director of the tion between whom to love and Committee of the National Committee Division for Economics, Finance and whom to hate. Particularly, in the of the C.P.P.C.C.; leading members Industry of the National Executive struggle against the Rightists in 1957. of various departments concerned Council of Thailand, who was in she denounced the anti-Party and under the C.P.C. Central Committee Peking.

Comrade Chou En-lai Meets Thuy. Head of the Delegation of the Deputy Director of the Asian Affairs Comrade Le Duc Tho Government of the Democratic Re­ Department of the Foreign Ministry. public of Viet Nam to the Paris Con­ After the meeting. Comrade Chang ference on Viet Nam. Chou En-lai, Member of the Chun-chiao gave a banquet in honour Standing Committee of the Political Present at the meeting were Ngu­ of Le Duc Tho and the other Viet­ Bureau of the Central Committee of yen Tien. Charge d'Affaires ad in­ namese comrades. the Communist Party of China and terim of the D.R.V.N. Embassy in Premier of the State Council, and Comrade Le Duc Tho arrived in China, and Nguyen Van Quang. Chang Chun-chiao, Member of the Peking from Hanoi on September .'! Ambassador of the Republic of South Political Bureau of the C.P.C. Central and left for Paris the following day. Viet Nam to China. Committee, on the afternoon of Sep­ tember 8 met and had a very cordial Present were Keng Piao, Member Yoshimi Furui Arrives in Peking and friendly conversation with Le of the C.P.C. Central Committee and Duc Tho, Member of the Political Head of the International Liaison Yoshimi Furui, Sciichi Tagawa Bureau of the Central Committee of Department of the C.P.C. Central and Shunichi Matsumoto, leading the Viet Nam Workers' Party and Committee, Han Nien-lung, Vice- Special Adviser to Minister Xuan Foreign Minister, and Liang Feng, (Continued on p. 18.)

September 15, 1972 5

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

1st Asian Table Tennis Championships — A Big Success

by Our Correspondent

HE First Asian Table Tennis Championships came matches and exchanging experiences after their con­ T to a triumphant close on September 13. The second tests, the competitors showed a general improvement such championships will be held in Japan in 1974 as in their skill. While less experienced teams are catch­ decided by the First Congress of the Asian Table Tennis ing up on strong teams and showed marked progress, Union which met during the championships. the gap between strong teams, too, has narrowed. Many The first championships and congress showed the players took to a fast-attacking style of play. The greal unity of the peoples of Asia. Unity and friend­ championships have helped to popularize and develop ship was the watchword of the players from different table tennis in Asia and contributed to reuse its level. countries and regions throughout the championships and this spirit was also shown by the delegates at the Closing Ceremony congress. All countries, big or small, were on a com­ The night sky over the Capital Gymnasium where pletely equal footing and they respected one another the closing ceremony for the First Asian Table Tennis and held democratic consultations. Championships took place was a galaxy of lights on The standard of play at the championships reached September 13. Twelve days of keen competitions and ex­ a new high. Through practising together before their tensive friendship activities were coming to a close. The 18.000 spectators packing the huge gymnasium had come to watch the finals of the men's and women's Results for Individual Events singles and doubles and to express the Chinese people's friendship to the players from various parts of Asia. Over 800 matches were played in the five days (September 9 to 13) of competition in the seven in­ Present at the closing ceremony were Samdech dividual events. The results were: Norodom Sihanouk, Head of State of Cambodia, and Men's Singles Madame Sihanouk. 1st Nobuhiko Hasegawa (Japan) Chinese Party and state leaders and leading mem­ 2nd Hsi En-ting (China) bers of various departments Chou En-lai, Yeh Chien- 3rd Liang Ko-liang and Wang Wen-jung (China) ying, Chang Chun-chiao, Yao Wen-yuan. Li Hsien-nien, Women's Singles Li Teh-sheng, Kuo Mo-jo. Wang Hung-wen, Hua Kuo- 1st Li Li (China) 2nd Yukie Ohzeki (Japan) feng, Li Fu-chun, Chi Peng-fei, Wu Teh and Wang 3rd Cha Kyung Mi (Democratic People's Republic Meng were also present. of Korea) and Chiu Pao-chin (China) On the rostrum were also leaders of the Asian Table Men's Doubles Tennis Union, leading members of table tennis delega­ 1st Mitsuru Kohno Tetsuo Inoue (Japan) 2nd Nobuhiko Hasegawa Tokio Tasaka (Japan) tions, table tennis associations and sports organizations 3rd Kim Chang Ho Pak Sin Il (D.P.R.K.) and Hsi from various Asian countries and regions: representa­ En-ting Liang Ko-liang (China) tives and observers from various countries to the Meet­ Women's Doubles ing of the Preparatory Committee for the Asian-African- 1st O Yong Suk Kim Chang Ae (D.P.R.K.) Latin American Table Tennis Friendship Invitational 2nd Cha Kyung Mi Pak Yong Ok (D.P.R.K.) 3rd Hu Yu-lan Chiu Pao-chin (China) and Nguyen Tournament, as well as diplomatic envoys and foreign Thi Mai Vu Thu Nga (Democratic Republic of friends in Peking. Viet Nam) Hisao Kido, representative of the President of the Mixed Doubles A.T.T.U.. made the closing speech amid warm applause. 1st Nobuhiko Hasegawa Yasuko Konno (Japan) 2nd Mitsuru Kohno Sachiko Yokota (Japan) He said: "The present championships have been a 3rd Liang Ko-liang Li Li (China) and Tokio great gathering of friendship and unity among the Tasaka Yukie Ohzeki (Japan) peoples and table tennis circles of various countries and Boys' Singles regions in Asia. 1st Pak Jung Chui (D.P.R.K.) "Through exchange of experience, the present cham­ 2nd Jo Yong Ho (D.P.R.K.) 3rd Sorndaij (Thailand) and Wit Chin-hsing pionships have further developed the spirit of 'friend­ (China) ship first, competition second.' promoted the friendship Giiis' Singles and unity among the Asian peoples and table tennis 1st Ro Ok Sun (D.P.R.K.) circles, and contributed to the development and ad­ 2nd Tiao Li-li (China) vancement of table tennis skill in Asia." 3rd Yoshiko Shimauchi (Japan) and Pak Yong Sun (D.P.R.K.) "This great success." Hisao Kido pointed out, "is an important contribution to the healthy development

6 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

deeply moved. Some shook hands with each other, others exchanged souvenirs. Shouts of "Till we meet again!" were heard in different languages as they reluctantly took leave of each other. Till we meet again! Wins or losses are transient while friendship is everlasting. The championships have written a new chapter both in the development of table tennis in Asia and the cause of unity and friendship of the Asian peoples.

"Renmin Ribao's" Greetings

Renmin Ribao on September 14 carried an editorial congratulating the successful conclusion of the Fust Asian Table Tennis Championships Asian friends warmly welcomed at the Summer Palace get-together. and the triumphant closing of the First Congress of the Asian Table of international table tennis circles, and I am convinced Tennis Union. that it will also exercise a tremendous influence on the The editorial said: 'The championships were a international sports circles." grand meeting of friendship and unity in the history of "The magnificent Asian-African-Latin American Asian sports. While presenting a scene of the vigorous Table Tennis Friendship Invitational Tournament will development of table tennis in Asia, it has written a be held in Peking in August next year," he continued. splendid new chapter in the annals of friendship and "More new friends will then come to take part in the unity of the peoples and players of the countries and tournament and enable the flowers of friendship and regions in Asia. Such an auspicious achievement made unity among the Asian, African and Latin American peoples and table tennis circles to blossom more luxuri­ by the Asian Table Tennis Union shortly after its antly. In 1974, when the Second Asian Table Tennis founding points to the fact that this widely representa­ Championships are held in Japan, we shall achieve still tive international sports organization of a new type has greater successes. The Asian table tennis circles have the broadest prospects." an unparalleled bright future." "The tremendous successes of the championships "We will close our ranks and rally around the Asian and the congress are a fruit of the joint efforts of the Table Tennis Union for the promotion of friendship and unity among the peo­ ples and table tennis circles of Asian countries and regions," Hisao Kido declared. After his speech, awards were pre­ sented to the first, second and third place winners in the men's and women's singles and doubles events, and Friend­ ship Cups were given to all the delega­ tions taking part in the championships. As the band struck up the closing- strains, 600 boys and girls carrying bouquets poured into the hall and per­ formed a farewell dance. Some of the children went up to the stands where the players from various countries sat and tossed them their bouquets and showered them with confetti. In these last few minutes, the friends from various countries and regions were Pak Sin Il of the D.P.R.K. (facing) vs. Japan's Nobuhiko Hasesawa in the men's team event. September 15, 1972 7

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

COMMUNIQUE of First Congress of the Asian Table Tennis Union

The First Congress of the Asian Table Tennis Union of friendship and unity everywhere. An excellent situa­ was held in Peking during the First Asian Table tion marked by vigorous development prevails in the Tennis Championships, from September 2 to 13, 1972. Asian table tennis world. Participating in the Congress were the delegates and The Congress has decided to entrust the Japan Table observers of table tennis associations or sports organiza­ Tennis Association with the organization of the Second tions from 31 countries and regions in Asia. They were Asian Table Tennis Championships in Japan in the from: Afghanistan, the Arab Republic of Yemen, spring of 1974, and to authorize the A.T.T.U. President Bhutan. Burma. Cambodia, the People's Republic of and Honorary Secretary-General to keep in close contact China. Cyprus, the Democratic People's Republic of with the host table tennis association to ensure a greater Korea, the Democratic Republic of Viet Nam, Hong­ success for the Second Championships. kong, India, Iran, Iraq. Japan. Jordan, Kuwait, Laos (Lao Patriotic Front), Lebanon, Macao, Malaysia. Nepal, The Congress warmly hails the positive results Pakistan, Palestine, the People's Democratic Republic achieved by the Meeting of the Preparatory Committee of Yemen, the Philippines, the Republic of South Viet for the Asian-African-Latin American Table Tennis Nam. Singapore, Sri Lanka. Syria, Thailand and Turkey. Friendship Invitational Tournament, and expresses its support for the First Asian-African-Latin American The delegates and observers held extensive discus­ Friendship Invitational Tournament to be held in Peking sions and democratic consultations on questions related from August 25 to September 7, 1973. The Congress to the promotion of friendship among the peoples and calls upon the table tennis players of Asian countries table tennis players of Asian countries and regions and and regions to take an active part in the forthcoming development of table tennis in Asia. tournament. The Congress holds that; the founding of the Asian The Asian Table Tennis Union expresses its grati­ Table Tennis Union is a pioneering undertaking which tude to the peoples of various countries and regions in reflects the common desire of the table tennis circles in Asia and other parts of the world, for the support they Asia. The First Congress of the Asian Table Tennis have given to the Asian Table Tennis Union and the Union, attended by friends from so many Asian countries Asian Table Tennis Championships held under its aus­ and regions, is a great event, unprecedented in the pices. Adhering to its aims and principles and working annals of Asian table tennis movement. It has con­ in co-operation with the International Table Tennis tributed to the cause of unity of the Asian peoples. Federation, the Asian Table Tennis Union will continue its efforts for the promotion of friendship among the , .. ,. The Congress notes with gratification that the peoples and table tennis players of Asian countries and First Asian Table Tennis Championships, held under the regions, for the development of friendly ties between auspices of the Asian Table Tennis Union, have achieved the table tennis circles and players of Asia and those remarkable success. In the course of the competitions, of other continents, and for the advancement of table the players from various countries and regions have tennis in Asia and the rest of the world. shown their level best in both sportsmanship and skill. Throughout the Championships there have been scenes Peking, September 13, 1972.

Asian friends," the editorial said. "The table tennis The editorial noted with gratification that the First delegations from various Asian countries and regions Asian-African-Latin American Table Tennis Friendship have all contributed to the fruitful results of this grand Invitational Tournament would be held in Peking next gathering. Acting on the principle of mutual respect year, saying that "this is an inspiring and happy event and democratic consultation, they discussed things over for the peoples and players of the three continents when matters cropped up and thus made it possible for who constitute more than half the world's popula­ both the championships and the congress to proceed tion." The editorial said: "Through friendly contacts very smoothly. Many African and Latin American between the players, the traditional friendship among friends have come to watch the competitions; this was a big encouragement and a powerful support to the the peoples and sportsmen of Asia, Africa and Latin championships as well as a demonstration of the pro- America will be further consolidated and enhanced and found friendship among the peoples and sportsmen of this will help bring about a rapid advancement of table Asia, Africa and Latin America." tennis."

8 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

COMMUNIQUE of The Meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the Asian-African-Latin American Table Tennis Friendship Invitational Tournament

The Meeting of the Preparatory Committee for the The Meeting defines the aims of the Asian-African- Asian-African-Latin American Table Tennis Friendship Latin American Table Tennis Friendship Invitational Invitational Tournament was held in Peking from Tournament as: to enhance the friendship and unity September 10 to 11, 1972. Participating in the Meeting among the people and players of the Asian, African were the delegates from the table tennis associations and Latin American countries and regions and to pro­ of Chile, the People's Republic of China, the Democratic mote the development of table tennis on these con­ People's Republic of Korea, Ecuador. Egypt, Japan. tinents. The Meeting has decided to invite delegations Mauritius, Nepal, Nigeria and Tanzania. Members of to the Tournament from all the fable tennis associa­ the Executive Committee and all Vice-Presidents of the tions or sports organizations of countries and regions Asian Table Tennis Union, the Acting President of the in Asia, Africa and Latin America which endorse these African Table Tennis Federation and representatives aims. The Regulations of Competition for the Tourna­ from the table tennis associations of Argentina. Colom­ ment was adopted at the Meeting. bia. Mexico, Peru and Uruguay also attended the Meet­ The Meeting is confident that the First Asian- ing. In an atmosphere of unity and friendship, and African-Latin American Table Tennis Friendship Invi­ through full democratic consultation, the Meeting tational Tournament will enjoy the warm approval and reached unanimity on all the questions discussed. support of the sports organizations and personages in The Meeting points out that the people of various Asia, Africa and Latin America as well as in other parts countries and regions of Asia, Africa and Latin America of the world who genuinely care for the healthy devel­ have had the same experience in history. Today, our opment of table tennis on these three continents. The common fighting tasks have brought us, the people of successful holding of the Tournament will add to the various countries and regions of Asia, Africa and Latin friendship and unity among the people and players of America, closely together. The friendly exchanges be­ Asian, African and Latin American countries and re­ tween the table tennis circles of Asian, African and gions and spur the table tennis development on these Latin American countries and regions will help to continents and elsewhere in the world. realize the common aspirations of the Asian, African The Meeting calls upon the table tennis associa­ and Latin American peoples to promote friendship and tions or sports organizations of the countries and regions unity. in Asia, Africa and Latin America to take an active part The Meeting has unanimously decided to entrust in the above-mentioned Tournament and make it a the Table Tennis Association of the People's Republic magnificent sports gathering demonstrating the unity of China with the organization of the First Asian- of the people and players of Asia, Africa and Latin African-Latin American Table Tennis Friendship Invita­ America. tional Tournament in Peking from August 25 to September 7, 1973. Peking, September 11, 1972.

"The peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America The editorial said: "Friends from the three have had a common experience of imperialist, colonialist continents who have come to attend this splendid aggression and oppression," the editorial said, "today friendship gathering have brought with them the pro­ they have the common task in their struggle to op­ found friendship of the peoples and sportsmen of the pose aggression and intervention, to defend national various countries for the Chinese people. And this is independence and territorial integrity and to develop a great encouragement and support to the Chinese national economy and culture. We understand one people." The leading article expressed the belief another most easily; we know how each of us feels. The that these friends would certainly bring the sincere Chinese people and sportsmen who hold dear their wishes and friendship of the Chinese people and sports­ friendship with the peoples and sportsmen of the Asian, African and Latin American countries will learn mod­ men to the peoples of other lands. Let us, it concluded, estly from them and continue to do what they can continue to work hard together for the further consolida­ to consolidate and enhance the friendship and unity tion and development of friendship and unity among of the peoples and sportsmen of all lands." the peoples of Asia, Africa and Latin America.

September 15, 1972 9

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

Celebrating Korean People's Glorious Festival

EPTEMBER 9 was the National Day of the Demo­ pletely in conformity with the national aspirations of S cratic People's Republic of Korea. The Chinese peo­ the Korean people. The Korean question must be ple extended their warmest greetings to the fraternal settled by the Korean people themselves en the prin­ Korean people; and joyously celebrated this glorious ciple of national self-determination, without any inter­ festival together with them. vention from foreign forces. The agreement reached at the high level talks between north and south Korea On Korea's Independent and Peaceful serves as a good beginning for the independent and Reunification peaceful reunification of Korea. In the new circum­ stances, the United Nations has the responsibility to Renmin Ribao on September 9 published an take measures to remove the obstacles to the Korean editorial entitled "The Korean People's Glorious people's independent and peaceful reunification of their Festival" to greet the Korean people. It dwelt on the fatherland. It should announce that the U.S. troops in various brilliant achievements the Korean people have south Korea have no right to use the U.N. flag and made in the last 24 years, the efforts made by the should terminate the activities of the 'United Nations Korean Workers' Party and Government for the commission for the unification and rehabilitation of independent and peaceful reunification of the father­ Korea,' thus leading to the withdrawal of foreign land as well as the militant friendship and unity troops from south Korea. It is time now for the between the peoples of Korea and China. Referring to United Nations to discuss the Korean question Korea's independent and peaceful reunification, the seriously and adopt measures to create conditions for editorial said: promoting the independent and peaceful reunification of Korea. The Chinese Government and people firmly "The Korean Workers' Party and Government have support the series of reasonable propositions put forth for a long time made unremitting efforts for the independent and peaceful reunification of the father­ by the Korean Workers' Party and Government on the land. Last May, in particular, Premier Kirn Il Sung settlement of the Korean question. We are deeply con­ advanced the three principles for the reunification of vinced that the Korean people will certainly win final the fatherland on the basis of independence, peace and victory in the just cause of winning the independent great national unity. These principles embody the com­ and peaceful reunification of their fatherland." mon aspirations of the entire Korean people and have won widespread backing and support not only in north Korean People's Determination Korea but also in south Korea. Thanks to the correct stand and active measures of the Workers' Party and Hyun Jun Keuk, Korean Ambassador to China, the Government, the door to north-south contact is and his wife gave a banquet on the evening of Septem­ finally opened. The publication of the Joint Statement ber 9 in celebration of the 24th anniversary of the of North and South Korea not long ago and the recent founding of the D.P.R.K. It was attended by Chinese convening of the first meeting of the full-dress talks leaders Chou En-lai, Yeh Chien-ying, Chang Chun- between the north and south Red Cross Societies in chiao, Yao Wen-yuan, Li Iisien-nien, Chi Teng-kuei, Pyongyang show that the Korean people's demand for Kuo Mo-jo, Keng Piao, Wu Teh, Han Nien-lung and the reunification of the fatherland has become an other comrades. Ambassador Hyun Jun Keuk and irresistible historical trend. Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien spoke at the occasion.

"The contacts between north and south Korea and Ambassador Hyun Jun Keuk said: "During the progress in the settlement of the question of the re­ past 24 years the Democratic People's Republic of unification of the fatherland have aroused the keenest Korea, under the wise leadership of Comrade Kim Il interest and received enthusiastic sympathy from the Sung, our respected and beloved leader, has traversed people of all countries in the world. Algeria and many the road of brilliant struggle and victory, upholding his other U.N. member countries have jointly submitted a great juche idea and its embodiment — the revolu­ draft resolution to the United Nations, demanding that tionary line of independence, self-reliance and self- an item entitled 'Creation of Favourable Conditions to defence." Accelerate the Independent and Peaceful Reunification of Korea' be placed on the agenda of the 27th Session He said, "The entire Party and. all the people are of the United Nations General Assembly. This is com­ now waging a vigorous struggle for the pre-scheduled

10 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] fulfilment of the Six-Year Plan mapped out at the "The U.S. imperialists should immediately stop Fifth Congress of the Workers' Party of Korea, rallied their reckless interference in our country. firmly around Comrade Kim Il Sung, our great revolu­ tionary leader. They strive energetically to reunify the "The above-mentioned problem must be discussed country by themselves." at the 27th Session of the U.N. General Assembly and the U.S. imperialist aggression army occupying south The Korean Ambassador said, "Due to the U.S. Korea must not be allowed to continue to usurp the imperialist occupation of south Korea our country re­ U.N. flag. The activity of 'U.N. commission on unifica­ mains divided and the Korean people have been suf­ tion and rehabilitation of Korea.' a tool of the U.S. fering national division for more than a quarter of a imperialists for their aggression, must be stopped and century. the U.S. imperialist aggression army must quit south Korea unconditionally." "The Government of our Republic put forward more than once most fair and reasonable policies with "The Korean people extend resolute support to and a view to putting an end to the national split as early firm solidarity with the just struggle of the Indochinese as possible and achieving independent and peaceful and other Asian peoples and African and Latin reunification. American peoples to oppose U.S.-led imperialism and colonialism and for freedom, liberation, independence •'Recently our respected and beloved leader Com­ and peace and for the victory of the cause of democracy rade Kim Il Sung laid down three principles on and socialism." national reunification to oppose the outside interference and promote great national unity by independent and Ambassador Hyun Jun Keuk said in conclusion, peaceful means. "Under the banner of Marxism-Leninism and proleta­ rian internationalism and under the revolutionary "On the basis of these principles a north-south banner of anti-imperialist and anti-U.S. struggle, the joint statement was issued on July 4, opening a breach Korean people will, in the future too, as in the past, for a north-south contact and national reunification. continue to fight vigorously for peace, democracy and And on August 30 the first session of the full-dress talks independence and for the victory of the cause of between the Red Cross organizations of the north and socialism and communism, closely united with the south was successfully opened in Pyongyang. peoples of the socialist countries and all the peace- loving peoples throughout the world." "This is a splendid fruit of the epoch-making pro­ posals put forward by our Party and the Government Sino-Korean Friendship of our Republic to save the nation and it signifies a great event in hastening the reunification of our Vice-Premier Li Hsien-nien began his speech with country. congratulations to the Korean Workers' Party, the D.P.R.K. Government and the fraternal Korean people. "But even at this solemn moment when north- The Chinese people, he said, were overjoyed and in­ south contacts and talks are being realized the U.S. spired by the brilliant achievements scored by the imperialists occupying a half of our land are clamouring fraternal Korean people, and wished them new and that they 'have no plan for further reduction of the still greater victories. U.S. troops in south Korea,' and that they 'will pro­ ceed with their plan for modernizing the south Korean The Chinese Vice-Premier said: "China and Korea army.' Recently they again committed provocative acts are friendly neighbours relying on each other like the by handing destroyers and other vessels over to south lips and the teeth and sharing common vital interests. Korea. The Chinese and Korean peoples are comrades-in-arms and brothers sharing weal and woe and fighting "Not only that. The U.S. imperialists and their shoulder to shoulder. In the past, in the struggle followers are now scheming to divide our country for against foreign aggression, our two peoples fought ever, claiming that the U.S. troops occupying south courageously and shed blood together, and won great Korea under the usurped signboard of the U.N. are not victories. Today, in socialist construction and in the foreign forces. struggle against our common enemy, our two peoples "Algeria and many other peace-loving countries are working in close co-operation, supporting and have proposed to put the new item — 'Establishment assisting each other and advancing together. The of Favourable Conditions for Acceleration of the friendship and unity of our two peoples have been Peaceful and Independent Reunification of Korea' — in forged by the Chinese people's great leader Chairman the agenda of the 27th Session of the U.N. General As­ Mao Tsetung and the Korean people's great leader Pre­ sembly in anticipation of positive measures for re­ mier Kim Il Sung personally; they have stood severe moving aggression and outside interference from tests in history and are unbreakable. The Chinese peo­ Korea. But the U.S. imperialists are trying to prevent ple highly cherish this friendship and unity and will this from being placed on the agenda of the session. make every effort to develop them constantly."

September 15, 1972 11

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] The Aspiration of Hundreds of Millions of African People

by "Renmin Ribao" Commentator

HE 8th Conference of Heads of State and Govern­ external aggression and subversion and against big T ment of East and Central African Countries has power hegemony and played an important role in sup­ come to a successful close in Dar-es-Salaam, capital of porting the people's struggle in southern Africa. The Tanzania. The communique and resolutions adopted achievements of the Dar-es-Salaam conference are a at the conference reiterate the firm determination to manifestation of the excellent situation in east, central support the African national-liberation movements, and southern Africa and the whole of Africa. Its resolu­ safeguard national independence and state sovereignty tions have expressed the aspiration of the hundreds of and oppose colonialism, neo-colonialism and racialism, millions of African people. thus contributing to the promotion of the African peo­ The conference fully demonstrated the firm will of ple's cause of unity against imperialism. We are the African peoples to fight in unity. In an atmosphere pleaded with the conference's achievements and extend of neighbourliness, unity and friendship, it discussed it our warm congratulations. the urgent questions in the east and central African At present, the armed struggle of the people of areas and sternly denounced colonialism and imperial­ Mozambique, Angola and Guinea (Bissau) against the ism of all descriptions. It emphasized, "Armed struggle Portuguese colonialists and the struggle of the people is the only way through which colonialism, apartheid of Azania, Zimbabwe and Namibia against the white and racial discrimination in southern Africa and racist regimes are developing in depth. The indepen­ Guinea (Bissau) can be eliminated." This is the correct dent east and central African countries have gained conclusion drawn by the African people from their own successive new victories in their struggle against experience of protracted struggle and the triumphant road of the oppressed nations to gain liberation. Facts on File The anti-colonialist and anti-racist struggles of the people of Azania, Zimbabwe, Namibia, Mozambique, The Summit Conference of East Angola and Guinea (Bissau) have always had the And Central African Countries sympathy and support of the many countries and people in Africa, Asia and Latin America. As the The Conference of Heads of State and Gov­ Portuguese colonial authorities and the South African ernment of East and Central African Countries and Rhodesian racist regimes have for years the meets once a year but, through consultation, may backing of colonialism and neo-colonialism, the African be convened whenever necessary. people's struggle for national liberation is by no means Its purpose is to discuss questions such as a regional question, but an important component part relations of neighbourliness and co-operation of the contemporary revolutionary movements of the among the member countries, African unity and people all over the world. The decision adopted at the decolonization. conference to intensify support and assistance for the The summit conference is to be preceded by African liberation movements is another important a ministerial meeting to make preparations for it. contribution to the just struggle of the African people The recent summit conference was held from and it is a source of encouragement for the cause of September 7 to 9; prior to this, a foreign ministers' unity against imperialism in Asia, Africa and Latin conference was held from September 5 to 7. America. Previous to the recent conference, seven such The African people are the close friends of the conferences had been held respectively in Nairobi, Chinese people. Every victory of theirs means a sup­ capital of Kenya; Kinshasa, capital of Zaire; port to us. We are following closely their struggle Kampala, capital of Uganda; Dar-es-Salaam, against imperialism, colonialism and racial discrimina­ capital of Tanzania; Lusaka, capital of Zambia; tion, regarding it as our own. We are deeply convinced Khartoum, capital of the Sudan; and Mogadishu, that the struggle of various countries in Africa for safe­ capital of Somalia. The first one met in March guarding national independence, defending state 1966 and the seventh in October 1971. sovereignty and developing" national economy will un­ The Summit Conference of East and Central doubtedly be crowned with new successes. So long as African Countries now has 16 member states, they strengthen unity, persevere in protracted armed namely. Burundi, the Central African Republic, struggles and rely on their own strength, the African Chad, the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Equatorial people, who remain under the domination of colonial­ Guinea, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, Somalia, the ism and racialism, will surely win final victory in their Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda. Zambia and Zaire. national-liberation struggles! (September 12)

12 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] China at the U.N.

Israeli Aggression Against Syria and Lebanon Condemned

HE United Nations Security Council held urgent by the Security Council not long ago. but they have T meetings on September 10 at the request of Syria intensified the ceaseless expansion of their aggression and Lebanon to discuss the issue of the latest Israeli against the Arab countries. The Chinese Delegation aggression against the two countries. expresses utmost indignation at, and strongly condemns The meetings were presided over by Chinese Per­ these barbarous and unscrupulous crimes of aggression manent Representative Huang Hua, President of the committed by Israel against Syria and Lebanon in Security Council of the month. Syrian Representative open contempt for the Security Council resolutions." Eaissam Kelani and Lebanese Representative Edouard Reviewing the history of the Middle East since Ghorra attended the meetings on invitation. They World War II, Huang Hua pointed out that it was one listed the latest incidents of Israeli aggression against of incessant aggression and expansion by Israeli Syria and Lebanon and the many civilian casualties Zionism and of the continuous fight of the Palestinian resulted from them. and other Arab peoples against aggression and expan­ They requested the Security Council to condemn sion. "It is utterly futile for Israeli Zionism to make Israel and take measures to prevent the recurrence of itself appear as an innocent victim and to seek this or similar cases. that excuse for its aggressive acts. Israel has tried to In his speech, Somali Representative Abdulrahim use the Olympic incident as a pretext to expand its war Abby Farah denounced the attacks on innocent civilians of aggression against the Arab countries. This cannot by Israel. He tabled a draft resolution, which reads: be tolerated in any way." "The occurrence of the "The Security Council, deeply concerned by the Olympic incident," he continued, "is unfortunate. We deteriorating situation in the Middle East, calls on the have never been in favour of such adventurist acts of parlies concerned to cease immediately all military terrorism." But "we firmly oppose Israel using this operations and exercise the greatest restraint in the incident to subject the Palestinian people to renewed interests of international peace and security." U.S. persecution and slaughter and make fresh war provoca­ Representative George Bush, however, took advantage tions against the Arab countries." he said. of 1 he abduction of Israeli sportsmen at the Munich Huang Hua stressed. "We hold that in order to de­ Olympics on September 5 and tried to link the inci­ fend the purposes and principles of the U.N. Charter, dent in Munich with the latest Israeli aggression against the Security Council must: First, severely condemn Syria and Lebanon, in an attempt to absolve Israel of Israeli Zionism for its aggression against Syria and its armed aggression and white-wash it. Lebanon and demand that Israel immediately stop all its aggressive acts and compensate for all the losses in­ The draft resolution put forward by Somalia and curred from its aggression. Second, ask Israel to other two countries was then put to vote. Thirteen earnestly implement the relevant Security Council res­ members voted in favour, with one abstention. But this olutions and ensure against the recurrence of similar draft resolution with the overwhelming majority voting incidents in the future." in favour was not adopted as a result of the unrea­ sonable veto by the U.S. representative. Huang Hua said, "The Chinese Delegation has just voted in favour of the draft resolution tabled by Soma­ After the voting, Chinese Representative Huang lia and other two countries. However, the Chinese Hua made a speech. He pointed out: "Since Septem­ Delegation deems it necessary to point out that this ber 8, again in defiance of world condemnation, the draft resolution fails to condemn Israeli Zionism for Israeli Zionists have brazenly sent out large numbers its aggressive acts against Syria and Lebanon. We have of aircraft to penetrate deep into Syrian and Lebanese reservations in this respect. However, the Chinese territory and carried out wanton bombing, wounding Delegation cannot but point out that as a result of the and killing many inhabitants, including no small num­ veto by a permanent member even such a minimum ber of women and children. This is another serious draft resolution cannot be carried. The Chinese Delega­ crime perpetrated by the Israeli Zionists against the tion expresses deep regret at this." Arab people. This is utterly intolerable to all the Huang Hua concluded, "The Chinese Government countries that defend the principles of the U.N. Charter and people have always firmly supported the Palestinian and all the people who uphold justice." people and the Arab governments and peoples in their Huang Hua stressed, "What evokes even greater just struggle to restore their right to national existence, indignation is that not only have the Israeli Zionists recover their lost territories and defend their state refused thus far to implement the resolutions adopted sovereignty and territorial integrity."

September 15, 1972 13

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

Latin America Struggle in Defence of Petroleum Interests

Struggle in defence of petroleum interests is developing daily in some Latin American countries as new oil resources have been discovered successively and foreign monopoly capital has stepped up its infiltration in this field.

ATIN America is very rich in oil resources. Vene­ oil industry by relying mainly on its own efforts in L zuela, Mexico, Colombia, Trinidad and Tobago recent years. Last year, 17 new oilfields and 14 oil have long been oil-producing countries. In recent years, extensions were discovered in Mexico. In March this new oil resources have been discovered successively in year, 49 petroleum and petro-chemical projects were a number of Latin American countries, the biggest put into operation. oilfield being located in the upper reaches of the Amazon River in the border areas of Peru, Ecuador Restricting Foreign Capital and Colombia. The discovery of this big oilfield will Oil-producing countries in Latin America have greatly boost the oil output of these three countries, taken various measures to restrict infiltration by for­ and enable Peru and Ecuador to join the ranks of oil- eign capital and strive to safeguard their state sover­ producing and -exporting countries. eignty. Peru and Colombia have abolished the oil con­ cession system which jeopardizes state sovereignty, and U.S. Monopoly Capital's High Profits adopted the contract system under the sovereign control Latin America's oil resources have long been con­ of the country. Under the contract system, foreign trolled by foreign capital, mainly U.S. capital. U.S. companies participating in the exploration and exploita­ private direct investment in the oil industry of Latin tion of oil do not own the land on which they operate, America totalled 3,929 million dollars in 1970, of which and must accept the supervision and control of the 1,730 million dollars were invested in Venezuela, con­ host country and abide by its laws. trolling three-fourths of the country's oil production. In Ecuador, a law was promulgated last June to U.S. monopoly capital's profits from Latin America's restrict the activities of foreign oil companies. All oil in 1960-70 amounted to 5,415 million dollars, which foreign companies which have acquired concessions were about 40 per cent of the total profits it grabbed must sign with the government within one year new in the continent during the same period. contracts in conformity with Ecuador's present law. Foreign oil companies must revert to the country 60 Developing Oil Industry per cent of the land contracted for exploration when Latin American countries have taken various meas­ the term of exploration expires. ures in the last few years to control their oil resources Venezuela has taken successive measures in recent and to develop their oil industry by relying on their years to restrict the profits of foreign oil companies. own efforts. Under a law promulgated in December 1970, Venezuela The Peruvian Government completed the process raised the basic income tax rate for foreign companies of nationalization of the U.S.-owned International from 52 to 60 per cent. It raised oil reference prices Petroleum Company (which used to control 80 to 90 twice in 1971. per cent of Peru's oil production) from October 1968 to May this year, dealing a heavy blow to U.S. Strengthening Co-operation monopoly capital. The government also stipulates that In the struggle to safeguard petroleum interests, oil refining and sales as well as the petro-chemical Latin American countries have strengthened the ties industry are to be operated by the state. and co-operation among themselves as well as with A decree promulgated in Venezuela in July 1971 the oil-producing countries in other regions of the stipulates that all the property of most foreign oil com­ world. To co-ordinate their oil policies, eight oil- panies will revert to the state without compensation producing countries in Latin America formed the As­ when their concessions in Venezuela expire in 1983. sociation for Reciprocal Assistance in 1965. Later, the Venezuelan Government declared the Proposed by Venezuela, the first informal consulta­ nationalization of natural gas resources in concessions tive meeting of the ministers of power and petroleum to foreign petroleum interests. In July 1972, the Vene­ of Latin American countries was held in Caracas from zuelan Chamber of Deputies approved a bill to na­ August 21 to 24 to study the problems of strengthening tionalize all the domestic trade in oil and oil products. co-operation and mutual supply among Latin American Oil resources were nationalized in Mexico as early countries in relation to petroleum and other power as 1938. It has made new achievements in developing resources. It was attended by Venezuela, Argentina,

14 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Chile, Salvador, would be conducted directly among Latin American Ecuador, Guyana, Jamaica, Honduras, Guatemala, countries without profiteering by international com­ Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, the Dominican Re­ panies; on the creation of a Latin American fleet of oil public, Trinidad and Tobago and Uruguay. The meeting tankers; and on the exchange of information and decided that the participating countries will form a com­ technical co-operation with regard to oil. mon front to strengthen the price position of petroleum Besides, as a member of the Organization of Petro­ and other Latin American products on international leum Exporting Countries, Venezuela has joined other markets. It also decided on the establishment: of a Latin Asian and African oil-exporting countries in fighting the American common power market in which oil trade foreign oil monopolies.

Guyana Safeguards National Independence

WE arrived in Georgetown, capital here from Africa and indentured forces left the country in 1970 and the of Guyana, to cover the Con­ labourers from India and China — to commanding posts at all levels were ference of Foreign Ministers of Non- brutal enslavement and exploitation assigned to Guyanese. Aligned Countries. Since we stepped in the plantations. The colonialists on the beautiful land of the country, squeezed a world of wealth out of In the industrial field, the Gu­ we have felt the pulse of life beating these slaves and quasi slaves. yanese Government last year nation­ in unison with that of many other alized a foreign-owned bauxite com­ Where there is oppression, there is Asian, African and Latin American pany which accounted for one-tenth resistance. The slaves staged many countries. We have gained some of the country's gross national uprisings in order to achieve freedom knowledge of the history of the Gu­ products. This year it nationalized the and emancipation. The best known yanese nation, one of protracted biggest foreign-owned timber com­ was an armed revolt which took place heroic struggle to shake off the colo­ pany in Guyana. Bauxite and timber in 1763. led by a black slave named nialist yoke, and witnessed the arc Guyana's important natural re­ Cuffy. Although the uprising was achievements scored by the Guyanese sources, which enjoy a high reputa­ suppressed in cold blood and Cuffy people in their cause of defending na­ tion in the world for their good qual­ was killed, it sowed the seeds of rev­ tional independence and developing ity. But in the past they were com­ olution in the hearts of the Guyanese national economy. As the host of the pletely under the control of foreign people generation after generation Conference of Foreign Ministers of capital which reaped immense profits. and became a source of inspiration in Non-Aligned Countries, the Guyanese For example, the nationalized Deme- their struggles against colonial rule. Government and people have made rara Bauxite Company, which was contributions to its success. We have In the year of 1966, Guyana won its owned by the Aluminium Company also seen for ourselves how joyous national independence at last. On of Canada with the United States as they arc over the significant achieve­ February 23, 1970, the 207th anniver­ a big shareholder, grabbed hundreds ments made by the conference. sary of the Cuffy uprising, it became of millions of dollars in profits during the Co-operative Republic of Guyana the more than half a century of its Guyana had suffered successively and ended the status of "dominion," operation in Guyana. Guyana on its under the rule of Dutch, Spanish, in which the British Queen was the part received less than 3 per cent British and French colonialists since head of state. of the total profits. To obstruct the the end of the 15th century. In 1831, nationalization, the U.S. Government Since independence, the Guyanese Guyana was formally reduced to a has exerted various kinds of pressure Government and people have made British colony and it was given the on the Guyanese Government. How­ efforts to consolidate national inde­ name British Guiana between then ever, the new-born Guyana Bauxite pendence, eradicate the remains of and 1966 when it gained independ­ Company, by relying on its own ef­ the colonial system and develop na­ ence. Not long after the establish­ forts and overcoming all sorts of diffi­ tional economy and achievements ment of the British colonial rule, the culties, has kept its production going have been scored. United States also made its inroad. on smoothly since the nationalization. The centuries-old colonial rule sub­ As a result of the Guyanization of jected the Guyanese people — aborig­ government officials, all officers of In the financial and monetary inal Indians, black people brought British nationality in the armed fields, the setting up of the bank of

September 15, 1972 25 Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] issue by the Guyanese Government a reduction of total food import by country has the profound sympathy immediately alter independence was about one-third. It has also attached and firm support of the people of the followed by the founding of Guyana's great importance to the reform of the world. It is inspiring many oppressed first commercial bank in 1970, the mono-culture system, the develop­ nations, especially those which are National Co-operative Bank, coupled ment of the inland and such self-help weak and small, with fighting will. with imposing restrictions on foreign projects as schools, highways, bridges The change from British Guiana to banks. In the last two years and a and residential centres. Guyana and then to the Co-operative half, the National Co-operative Bank On the basis of the achievements Republic of Guyana is a tremendous has developed rapidly. It has granted already made, the Guyanese Govern­ one. The change in Guyana, though the bulk oil its loans to productive ment has now set the target for self- a small country, is another manifesta­ sectors and co-operatives of various sufficiency in food, clothing and tion that it has become an irresistible types so as to promote the national historical trend that countries want economy. The Government also set housing. independence, nations want liberation up an external trade bureau two The struggle of the Guyanese peo­ and the people want revolution. years ago to control foreign trade. At ple to oppose imperialism and colo­ the beginning of this year, it ordered nialism and to build their own (Hsinhua Correspondents)

Workers, Peasants and Soldiers Studying Philosophy Mining Asbestos

by a workers' study group of the Chinchow Asbestos Mine

WE are workers of the Chinchow tunnellers should keep away from. shaft sinking is one of continuously Asbestos Mine in Liaoning They said that there was nothing we breaking through all sorts of bar­ Province, northeast China. We used could do but pull out and start again riers. At one time shafts were sunk to mine asbestos by means of a small somewhere else. We were somewhat only in places of consolidated rock inclined shaft, and most of us had taken aback, for that would mean big and if any sizable inrush of water never seen a vertical shaft. In the losses for the state and considerable took place, it was considered an un­ past few years we studied Chairman delay in our project. suitable place. Later, with more ex­ perience gained in practice, people Mao's philosophical works to draw But was it really a "no access" worked out the method of pouring inspiration and guidance. After area? We recalled a passage in liquid cement underground to seal up overcoming numerous difficulties, we Chairman Mao's On Practice which the interstices and stop the inrush of managed by our own efforts to sink said: "The truth of many theories is water. Thus, shafts were sunk in a large, modern vertical shaft in an incomplete and that this incomplete­ area which, because of the numerous areas once considered "out of ness is remedied through the test of bounds." As man's knowledge mud-filled cavities of varying sizes practice. Many theories are errone­ there, we once considered "no access." steadily deepens in the course of ous and it is through the test of prac­ practice, his knowledge of the un­ These cavities resulted from wa­ tice that their errors are corrected." ter percolating through the lime­ known will not remain on the same We turned to this passage and studied level for ever. stones over the centuries and were it again. We discussed our problem later filled with clay washed down and analysed it from the dialectical- Chairman Mao's philosophical by rain. materialist viewpoint as Chairman works opened our eyes to the possi­ Mao had taught. We all agreed that bilities and gave us added strength. Really a "No Access" Area? the reason why some people consid­ We firmly believed that there were ered a place with mud-filled cavities only unrecognized but no unrecogni­ Our engineering crew began sink­ impossible was that either they had zable things, and we confidently bent ing a big vertical shaft in 1966 to no experience in sinking a shaft in our efforts to finding ways to solve get more and better asbestos for so­ such areas or they had only lessons the problem we had on hand. cialist construction. At 84 metres of failure to draw upon. We refused underground we struck a huge clay- to accept their conclusion. In fact, Finding Out the Law filled hollow, and clay flowed out there was no such thing as an ab­ The first thing we did was to make copiously to obstruct our work. Some solutely "impossible" area. The careful investigations and study so said that this was the sort of place history of the labouring people in as to grasp the laws governing geo-

16 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] logical changes in this area. We place, appropriate steps were taken the concrete. But we found that the found that whenever a clay-filled during the interval that followed. At drills were not making any headway hollow appeared on the wall of the the same time we took care not to and the holes frequently collapsed. shaft, water flowed out continuously, dig down too far at one go since that This posed a problem for us. The but the flow of clay and pieces of would create conditions for further drills were not biting because they rock was off and on. So we tried to collapses in the wall of the hollow. had run into a layer of highly frag­ use the intervals to fill up the hollow As soon as we had excavated a sec­ mented unconsolidated rock. Even with rocks and cement. However, tion, we put cement on the wall be­ as the drills went down, the holes each time before we could finish the fore we went further down. This they made collapsed in no time. job. the flow of rocks and clay stall­ reduced the possibility of a cave-in to the minimum. "Qualitatively different contradic­ ed again. tions can only be resolved by qualita- We realized that things inside the tively different methods." This is New Difficulties hollow were not so simple, and that what Chairman Mao has taught us. We saw that since the nature of the cursory, superficial observations The shaft went down deeper and contradiction had changed, our would not do. Chairman Mao has deeper and we were all very happy. method of work must change ac­ taught us: "The real task of knowing Then at 130 metres down something- cordingly. Many veteran workers of­ is, through perception, to arrive at serious suddenly cropped up. The fered suggestions and advice and we thought, to arrive step by step at the shaft wall was full of clay-filled hol­ finally found the solution. Very comprehension of the internal con­ lows of all sizes and water gushed in briefly it was like this: When the tradictions of objective things, of at the rate of over 70 tons per hour. drills were not able to advance, we their laws and of the internal rela­ This severely held up operations and menaced the safety of the workers. would pull out the drill rods and pour tions between one process and anoth­ in liquid cement which would solidi­ er, that is, to arrive at logical know­ When anything like this happened fy with the fragmented rocks. Then ledge." And we remembered the old in the past, cooling equipment was we started drilling again. Chinese saying, "How can you catch used to bring the underground tem­ tiger cubs without entering the tiger's perature down to below the freezing lair?" We decided we must enter the point so as to solidify the water with Turning Failure Into Success "lair," that is, get inside the hollow the rocks and clay on the wall of After we had completed the shaft. itself and find things out. This we the shaft. This, however, called for another weighty problem confronted did many times and through minute large equipment and a big outlay, us. We had to install some 350 tons observations we collected some very and considerable time was needed. of heavy equipment deep down inside important first-hand information. We workers decided to find a new the shaft. Most of us were miners method so as to achieve greater, and had no experience in this work. Together with the geological data quicker, belter and more economical But we were resolved to do it our­ and experience we had gained ear- results in building socialism. selves. Well begun is half done, as lifer, we studied and analysed the new the saying goes. The completion of information and finally got hold of Chairman Mao has taught us: "If the shaft filled us with confidence 'a' general law governing changes in in any process there are a number of in all subsequent work. these mud-filled hollows. It is contradictions, one of them must be something like this: As the shaft the principal contradiction playing A rather arduous task was the went down deep, an imbalance of the leading and decisive role, while installation of drainage pipes. To underground pressure resulted. As the rest occupy a secondary and sub­ perch on steel beams the width of a the pressure inside the shaft was ordinate position." We were aware man's foot inside that 230-metre-deep lower than that in the hollow, so that although clay and rocks had shaft, positioning and connecting parts of the wall of the hollow col­ given us all our earlier troubles, it lengths of piping each 8 metres long lapsed. When this took place, clay and was the flow of water that caused and weighing over 400 kgs.. was too rocks were pushed out of the hollow, them to move into the shaft. Thus dangerous. We tried working from bringing about a temporary balance the principal contradiction at that cable-suspended planks, but this of pressures. Hence the intervals. moment was water. To cope with proved too slow. We then tried the Later the pressure from other hol­ the situation, we drilled holes at the "working in mid-air" method. Each lows pushed through and led to fur­ work-site and packed concrete down man wore a safety belt around his ther collapses in the wall. Just before the holes under pressure, thereby waist and a hoop around each thigh. each cave-in there was usually an filling the fissures and cavities and The belt and hoops were fastened to inrush of water accompanied by the sealing off the passage of under­ a cable that hung from a steel beam fall of a small quantity of rocks and ground water. After a hundred or so up above. Working in mid-air speed­ clay. attempts we succeeded. ed up the installation of the pipes. We consciously used a method of As the vertical shaft was sunk fur­ Revolutionary fervour, however, work that fitted in with this rule. ther and further down, deeper holes cannot be separated from a scientific For example, when a cave-in took had to be drilled for pouring down approach. When we had to put in

September 15, 1972 11

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

the steel girders in the shaft, we turn failure into success." We care­ That was how we built our big, were given a maximum tolerance of fully analysed the cause of our failure modern vertical shaft. only 5 millimetres in any direction. and found a simple effective remedy, Last year, our enterprise fulfilled At first, we went at it with a will namely, tying two steel wires with the state production plan 22 days and soon 40 metres were installed. two heavy weights at the end to the ahead of schedule, a record for our But when we examined our work, topmost cross-beam and lowering mine. When we saw the white as­ we found that the variation was 10 them down the shaft to form two bestos being mined and sent to the millimetres. We were not put out by perpendicular lines which served as four corners of our country, we felt this for we remembered Chairman guidelines for fitting the other gird­ a glow of satisfaction. Practice has Mao's leaching: "After he fails, he ers. We examined each girder after again eloquently proved that once we chaws his lessons, corrects his ideas putting it into place, and by this workers grasp Marxist philosophical to make them correspond to the laws method we speeded up work and re­ thought, we can overcome all dif­ of the external world and can thus duced deviation to 3 millimetres. ficulties.

(Continued from p. 3.) economy and building up the coun­ Premier Chou Meets try, and their valuable contributions Prosit Kanchanawat members and Sadaji Kanemitsu, in pursuing a policy of positive neu­ secretary, of the Japan-China Memo­ trality and non-alignment in interna­ Premier Chou En-lai and Vice- randum Trade Office of Japan, tional affairs. Foreign Minister Han Nien-lung on arrived in Peking on September 9 September 5 met and held talks with He said: "The people of both China for a visit to China on invitation. Prasit Kanchanawat. Adviser to the and Ghana had the same experience Thai Table Tennis Delegation and On September 12. Premier Chou of being subjected to the aggression Deputy Director of the Division for En-lai, President of the China-Japan and oppression by imperialism in the Economics, Finance and Industry of Friendship Association Liao Cheng- past. They supported and sympa­ the National Executive Council of ehih and Liu Hsi-wen, a leading thized with each other in the struggle Thailand. Prior to this, Vice-Foreign member of the China-Japan Memo­ against imperialism and colonialism. Minister Han Nien-lung, Vice-Foreign randum Trade Office of China, met As a result of the joint efforts of Trade Minister Li Chiang and Liao and gave a banquet in honour of China and Ghana, our two countries Cheng-chih met him respectively. Yoshimi Furui and the other Japa­ resumed diplomatic relations last Adviser Prasit Kanchanawat left nese friends. Hosts and guests had a February, thus starting a new chapt­ Peking on September 6 for a visit to friendly conversation. er in the relations between them." southern China before going home. "We believe," Pai Hsiang-kuo added, Ghanaian Guests Welcomed "that the friendly relations and co­ NEWS BRIEFS operation between the two countries Minister of Foreign Trade Pai will develop daily on the basis of • Premier Chou sent a message Hsiang-kuo gave a banquet on the the Five Principles of Peaceful on September 5 to Prince Makhosini evening of September 9 in honour of Coexistence." the visiting Ghanaian Government Dlamini, Prime Minister of the King­ Trade and Goodwill Mission with In his speech, Minister Agbo said: dom of Swaziland, greeting the 4th anniversary of the independence of Kodjo Barney Agbo, Member of the "We are equally anxious to maintain the kingdom. National Redemption Council and friendly co-operation in equality for Commissioner for Industries of Gha­ our mutual benefit." He declared • Premier Chou sent a message on na, as its leader and Joseph Emma­ that the objective of the mission in September 7 to Dominic Minfoff, nuel Appiah, Roving Ambassador, as coming to China "is to promote Prime Minister of Malta, expressing its deputy leader. The mission arriv­ mutual understanding between our congratulations on the National Day ed in Peking on September 8. two peoples and to bring about closer of Malta. relations between our two countries." • Rene Maheu, Director-General Present on the occasion were Vice- of the United Nations Educational, Foreign Minister Ho Ying, Vice- "We are all developing countries Scientific and Cultural Organization, Minister of Economic Relations With belonging to the third world. There­ together with Manuel Jimenez, Foreign Countries Chen Mu-hua and fore it behoves us to close our ranks Director of the UNESCO Bureau of others. and help ourselves, in order not to Relations With Member States and fall prey to those who do not seek Speaking at the banquet, Pai International Organizations and Pro­ our welfare," Minister Agbo said. Hsiang-kuo praised the Ghanaian grammes, and Claude Lussier, Government and people for their On September 9, Minister Pai Director of the UNESCO Office of new achievements in defending Hsiang-kuo and Vice-Minister Chen International Norms of Juridical national independence and state sov­ Mu-hua had cordial and friendly Affairs, visited China from August ereignty, developing the national talks with the mission. 29 to September 5.

18 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] Reform Jog Mehar at the National ROUND THE WORLD Panchayat on August 27. In an exchange of gun-fire be­ tween the Haripur police and the plunderers, a Nepalese constable was PAKISTAN of the United Nations were thrown killed. Some of the looters were Support China's Principled Stand overboard in a brazen manoeuvre injured by police gun-fire: they to enable India to dismember were carried away by their fellow Pakistan newspapers and periodi­ Pakistan." criminals who fled towards Birpur on cals have recently published editorials Having achieved their aim of Indian territory. or articles supporting the principled breaking up Pakistan, it continued, stand China adopted at the U.N. In Kathmandu. the Nepalese cap­ the Soviet Union and India are now Security Council sessions over the ital, a mammoth demonstration and making every effort to legalize the question of the entry of "Bangla a mass redly were held on Septemer war of aggression against Pakistan Desh" into the United Nations. They 2. Tens of thousands' of demonstra- and ask the Security Council to ad­ have also refuted the Soviet and tors from various strata expressed mit "Bangla Desh" as a U.N. member Indian authorities' unwarranted at­ their support for the determination while the resolutions adopted by the tacks against China. of the Royal Government of Nepal Council and the United Nations have to safeguard state sovereignty and Tameer said in an editorial that not yet been implemented. develop national economy. the just stand of China showed once The article said: "Chinese Per­ again that she is opposed to imperial­ Prime Minister Kirti Nidhi Bista manent Representative at the United ism, outside interference and plunder of the Royal Government was Nations Mr. Huang Hua was explicit and recognizes the right of the peo­ among the masses in the demonstra­ in his stand. He was using veto not ple of the whole world to live in tion. Speaking at the rally, he to erode the principles of the United honour and freedom and to develop praised the Nepalese armed police Nations, but to reassert them. His through mutual co-operation. for their bravery in fighting against arguments are unassailable." the large number of armed intruders It added: "It is so curious that The paper Jang in a commentary from Indian territory. the Soviet Union and India pose as refuted the absurd Indian prop­ great champions of world peace and His Majesty's Government. Bista aganda charging Pakistan with international justice. Freedom, pros­ declared, has urged the Indian Gov­ "colluding" with China in sabotaging perity and brotherhood are their ernment to promptly investigate the Simla accord. It said that like favourite themes and they don a such organized intrusions from Indian the People's Republic of China. mantle of protectors of developing territory, carried out for the purpose Pakistan too has every right to countries but in reality their actions of looting or creating uncalled-for adopt any stand in conformity with are those of robbers in respect of the troubles, and track down the culprits. her basic principles. It has no freedom of Afro-Asian nations; their "The Nepalese should be constantly relevance to the Simla agreement so-called sacred robes bear blots of on their own guard to safeguard the which stresses the principle of bilat­ blood of their victims." interest of Nepal," the Prime Minister eralism to resolve mutual problems stressed. Today, every Nepalese The weekly Combat said in an without interference of a third party. citizen was fully prepared to meet article in a recent issue that "the Pakistan's insistence on implemen­ such challenges, he added. Chinese stood by principles" when tation of U.N. resolutions as a pre­ Meanwhile, the Nepalese press, they exercised the right of veto to requisite for "Bangla Desh" mem­ commenting on the August 24 in­ oppose the Soviet and Indian attempt bership and the Chinese veto cannot cident, called on the people to to bring the "Bangla Desh" into the in any way be categorized as inter­ heighten their vigilance and be pre­ United Nations. This also demon­ ference by a third power. It pointed pared to meet any challenges from strated that "the Chinese make an cut that India's insistence on making outside. essential distinction between seces­ "Bangla Desh" a party to the ques­ sion engineered by foreign powers tion of P.O.W.s repatriation is def­ The weekly Mirror, noting that and genuine national liberation." it initely contrary to the principle of armed personnel had intruded from added. bilateralism. Indian territory and run back again, The article pointed out: "The three said that it was a politically mo­ tivated incident and added that vetoes used by the Soviet Union, one NEPAL afier another, last December had one "tilings cannot occur without the specific purpose: to stall action by Repulsing Provocations active connivance of the Indian authorities." the Security Council long enough to On the night of August 24. about permit the Soviet-equipped Indian 100 men in arms from Indian terri­ Glimpse in its editorial commented forces to enter Dacca, occupy it and tory entered Haripur Village in that "links have been established sponsor a government of Bangla Nepal's Saptari District to loot and between those residing in India and Desh. Every shred of international plunder. This was disclosed by Min­ those actively engaged in activities law and morality and every principle ister of Home. Panchayat and Land against the system inside the king-

September 15, 1972 19

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] dom." In another editorial that sion and expansion pursued by the to combat the aggressors because it followed, it said: "Things look para­ Soviet revisionists in the Middle allegedly seeks to perpetuate a doxical between what India says East as "Arab reactionaries." "reac­ 'neither war nor peace' situation in and how she actually behaves. India tionary Arab cliques." "reactionary the Middle East in order to preserve is blowing hot and cold at the same Rightist forces," "extremists." "ultra- its 'military presence' in the area." time." nationalistic elements," "enemies of In an article on Soviet-Egyptian Soviet-Egyptian co-operation." etc. The weekly Charcha in a recent relations on August 19. Pravda once The clique threatened the Arab issue carried an editorial on the again attacked the so-called "Arab countries by alleging that they "can incident and said that this "has reactionaries." alleging that "they only rely on the Soviet Union" and made it necessary lor us. as well as tried their utmost to smear Arab- that opposition to Soviet revision­ for our government, to reassess the Soviet friendship and obstruct the ism's control means "anti-Sovietism." intentions and policies of Indian further development of the fruitful This has once again revealed the co-operation between the Arab loaders towards Nepal." clique's ugly features as social- countries and the Soviet Union." The editorial recalled: "Dark imperialists. clouds had begun hovering over the Krasnaya Zvezda (Red Star) in an politics of Nepal following the seces­ Pravda in an article on July 23 article on August 24 asserted that sion of East Pakistan from Pakistan. wrote that "in a number of Arab "of late, the extremist forces in the The Nepalese had since been calling countries, including Egypt. Right- Arab world have obviously stepped on His Majesty's Government to be wing reactionary forces which are up their activity." The paper even on its guard against any possible against social reforms are struggling blamed them for calling for "violent crisis." to become more active. These forces actions." to settle the issues confront­ are trying to sabotage progressive ing the Arab countries. The paper The editorial pointed out that the reforms and simultaneously under­ said: "This is the root cause why Haripur incident constituted a chal­ mine Soviet-Arab friendship." certain circles in the Arab countries lenge to the present political situa­ rejected a political settlement of the tion in Nepal. New Times in an editorial in its No. 31 issue in July this year in­ Arab-Israeli conflict." It. stressed: "The attack on our sinuated that "imperialist and Zionist In face of the strong desire of the police station by the infiltrators from propaganda is striking primarily Arab countries to uphold national India cannot be taken lightly. Of against Soviet-Arab friendship and independence and state sovereignly, course, the Government of India has co-operation and resorting to anti- the Soviet press trumpeted loudly reiterated its assurances that it will communism and anti-Sovietism"; and the Soviet revisionists' doctrine of not permit the use of Indian terri­ that "imperialist propaganda is going hegemony. Pravda in its August 19 tory for hostile activities against all out to put over the slanderous idea article openly accused some Arab Nepal. However, such assurances that the Soviet Union is not in the countries of putting forward the call have yet to be fulfilled by India. The least interested in an early settle­ for waging the liberation struggle Nepalese have had enough of such ment of the Middle East conflict, by "relying on the Arab force." assurances from India. Therefore, alleging that if is "an attempt of the the Nepalese should once again dem­ that it allegedly benefits by the 'no reactionary elements and certain na­ onstrate their unity and their war. no peace' situation." Not daring tionalistic elements to undermine the readiness to make any sacrifice to to touch upon the truth of the matter popularity of the idea of Arab-Soviet drive out anti-Nepal elements." and the reason for the unbiased Arab public opinion to condemn friendship itself." Soviet revisionism, this editorial Before this, this paper time and U.S.S.R. stated abusively that "no little ser­ again bragged about the "aid" given Crude Arracks on Egypt and vice is rendered imperialism in this to Egypt, by the Soviet Union in the Other Arab Countries frontal attack on Soviet-Arab friend­ past. It alleged that "as historical ship by the reactionary, Rightist and experience shows. Egypt could not The Soviet press has recently ultra-nationalistic elements in the have received real assistance, unfet­ published a series of articles crudely- Arab world itself." In an article in tered by conditions, and in such attacking Egypt and other Arab its No. 34 issue this year. New Times quantities, from any other source." countries. hurled all kinds of abuses, saying New Times in an article in its After the Egyptian Government that "particular emphasis is placed No. 27 issue even declared that not announced its decision to terminate on discrediting Soviet military aid to only for the Arab countries but the mission of the Soviet military the Arab countries. Not only impe­ also for all Asian. African and Latin advisers in Egypt, the Soviet revision­ rialist propaganda, but also the American countries, "colonialism's ist leading clique set its propaganda Right-wing forces in the Arab coun­ demise in the newly free countries machine in motion to describe those tries acting in unison with it spare has placed on the agenda problems leaders and people of Arab countries no effort to smear this aid. They of so complex an order that it is hard who uphold slate sovereignty and circulate fabrications to the effect and often impossible to resolve them who are discontented with and that the U.S.S.R. does not supply except in the context of co-operation opposed to the policy of aggres- the Arab countries enough weapons with the Soviet Union."

20 Peking Review No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

Sovietskaya Russia in a recent pel it to impose this ban on us, we do on the national interests of the coun­ article openly threatened the Arab not want our own interests to clash tries." countries by saying that the '•friend­ with those of the friend. But we ship" between the "Arab countries maintain that relations and positions PERU and the Soviet Union" is not like an should be clearly defined," it stressed. Determined to Eradicate '•ornament which can be changed The article said that those who Remains of Colonialism when it is tired of." claimed that Egypt did not want to The successive attacks on Egypt fight "are reiterating instructions On July 25, the eve of the 151st and other Arab countries by the from the Soviet Government to its anniversary of the independence of Soviet press have aroused strong diplomatic representatives in all capi­ Peru, a big portrait of the Peruvian reaction in the Arab countries. tals of the world." national hero Tupac Amaru was put It pointed out: "We are surprised at up in the main hall of the Govern­ mental Palace of the country to re­ EGYPT the Soviet embargo imposed on sup­ plying us with offensive weapons place that of the Spanish con­ Press Comments on which can cope with the Phantom queror Francisco Pizarro. The hall Egyptian-Soviet Relations aircraft given to Israel by the United was formally named after Tupac Amaru by the Peruvian Government Published on September 3, an ar­ States. These Phantoms are given to Israel for nothing while we buy these at a ceremony attended by President ticle by Moussa Sabry, Chief Editor Juan Velasco and other cabinet mem­ of Al Akhbar, said that voices in weapons with thousands of millions which we save at the expense of the bers. The Peruvian national anthem (Soviet) diplomatic circles are heard was played as President Velasco un­ today reiterating "the falsity of Egyp­ welfare of the people and the growth of development projects." veiled the portrait of Tupac Amaru. tian claims," and saying that "the Mention of Francisco Pizarro The article stressed, "Our cause is Soviet Union had offered Egypt all reminds the Peruvian people of the the liberation of our land" and "there the arms it had demanded and that dark age of the colonial rule. It was is no single citizen in Egypt, whatever Egypt had engineered this difference this Spanish colonialist who led a his thought may be, who is not keen with the Soviet Union in order to group of covetous adventurers to land on the liberation of his land." cover up its reluctance to fight." in Peru in 1531. By deceptive means, "These voices and those asking In conclusion, the article said: "We they captured and killed Atahualpa, them to reiterate such sayings, are are getting prepared for the battle, the then Emperor of the Incan Em­ well aware of the minutes of official according to well calculated consid­ pire and imposed a ruthless colonial meetings, and they know that Egypt erations, and we will go ahead with rule on the Peruvian people. The is determined to pursue the fate- our plans regardless of all ma­ local Indians launched an unremitting determining battle," said the article. noeuvres." struggle against the colonialists. In It continued: "These same voices Commenting on the Egyptian- 1780, Tupac Amaru led a large-scale are reiterating another lie: that Egypt Soviet relations, Abdel Koddous, uprising involving 60,000 Indians, has asked the Soviet Union to fight Editor-in-Chief of the Egyptian which dealt a telling blow to the our battle of liberation with its men weekly Akhbar el-Yom, said in an Spanish colonial rule. The colonial and arms; and that our premeditated article on September 2: "An impor­ authorities again resorted to decep­ difference with Moscow stems from tant phenomenon is that Soviet news­ tive means and captured Tupac our desire to fight with Egyptian papers and writers are always talking Amaru and had this heroic insurgent words and Soviet men. This is about what Egypt has gained from its leader dismembered by four horses ridiculous!" friendship with the Soviet Union — on Cuzco Square. This aroused the which is something we admit and take Indians to intense indignation. A "We have never asked and will pride in — but these newspapers and larger popular rebellion broke out never ask anyone to fight our battle, writers never talk about what the which lasted two years. The insurgent and we have never attempted to bring Soviet Union has benefited from its Indians besieged the city La Paz for about a military confrontation be­ friendship with Egypt. I hope that 109 days. tween the Soviet Union and the they will discuss this one day and The independence of Peru has been United States," the article declared. publish the long list of the political, won at the cost of blood and sacrifice It added: "The whole problem has military and economic gains which of its people, the makers of Peruvian become clear, especially after the the Soviet Union secured as a result history. Tupac Amaru is a symbol of American-Soviet agreement in of its friendship with Egypt." the Peruvian people's fight for inde­ Moscow, namely that there is a par­ Pointing out the Soviet revisionists' pendence and emancipation. With tial ban on tactical weapons which logic of hegemony, the weekly said in his portrait in the main hall of the are decisive to our overall battle. This another article: "This logic stems Governmental Palace the history is ban was unexpected, especially from from the reactionary political thought now represented as it actually oc­ a friend." which imagines small countries as curred. This is a convincing testimony "If the Soviet Union, as a big mere satellites to big powers. They to the Peruvian people's determina­ power, has its own economic and forget that relations between the big tion to eradicate all the remains of political strategic interests that com­ and small countries should be based colonialism.

September 15, 1972 21

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

They then built a pumping station ON THE HOME FRONT and installed a five-kilometre-long pipeline to lead water from the Yellow River to the terraced fields. Transforming the Tengri metres — to prevent the sand from Peasants in scores of villages along shifting. Desert the southeastern tips of the Tengri But this was not a permanent Desert are now transforming the land ONE of China's largest, the Tengri measure, as the wheat stalks rotted once affected by shifting sands into Desert in the northwest was a several years later and lost their farmland. Many peasants who fled great menace to people living on its effect. So the forestry farm workers before the encroaching sands have southeastern fringes. Its sand dunes experimented with planting trees, returned to their native villages and used to move in that direction when­ bushes and grass. In summer when built new houses. What with the ever there was a windstorm. In the the temperature on the surface of the planting of trees and the growing of 200 years before liberation, the desert desert was 60-70 degrees C, they crops and fruit trees, the barren had made an inroad of 29 kilometres, made a survey of the ground and desert is rapidly changing its look. gobbling up many villages and large atmospheric temperature, the amount tracts of farmland. of moisture in the sand layers, evap­ The Shengtien Canal Today, terraced fields have replac­ oration, and the growth of plants. ed the shifting sand dunes along its In severe winter when sandstorms MAN will conquer nature," as the southeastern ends. Irrigated by water raged, they observed the direction old Chinese saying is. Yet from the nearby Yellow River, wheat, and velocity of the wind and studied another proof of this is provided by maize, peanuts, tomatoes, potatoes the shifting of the sand dunes. After members of the Mansatzukou Brigade and other crops thrive on the re­ more than two years of investigations in Piliutai Commune, Liaoning Prov­ claimed land. "Before liberation," and experiments, they gained an ini­ ince, who are hewing a 50-km. canal the people say, "men retreated tial knowledge of the laws govern­ through a rugged mountain side. before the advancing sands, but now ing the movement of the sand and With help from Mongolian mem­ men advance and the sands retreat." the growth of plants on the desert. They gathered and sowed the seeds bers of a neighbouring brigade, the To control the desert, the state set of three kinds of bushes up the Chungwei Sand-Control with well-developed root Forestry Farm in 1950 with a staff of systems, and experiments 80. The farm's cadres, technicians with them showed a sur­ and workers have always relied on vival rate of 80 per cent. active participation in their work by Combining the method of the masses. planting wheat stalks on rectangular enclosures Every spring and autumn, workers of the forestry farm and people's with the growing of plants, commune members have planted trees they successfully held the to control the shifting sands. Over sand in check in an area tne past decade and more, they have 24 kilometres long and one built a windbreak 20 kilometres long kilometre wide. and one kilometre wide to protect Since the start of the 60,000 ma of farmland. Great Proletarian Cultural In 1958, they started to anchor the Revolution, with the help shifting sand dunes which were 20 of the engineers and scien­ to 30 metres high in many places. tists in water conservancy, The arid climate and strong wind they flattened a sand hill ridded to their difficulties. But after over 1,200 metres above repeated experiments, the workers sea level, moved away found a simple and effective method, 300,000 cubic metres of which was to plant wheat stalks to shifting sand, filled the protect rectangular enclosures cover­ hollows and turned the ed with grass —each 1-2 square land into terraced fields. The Shengtien Canal.

22 Peking Review, No. 37

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected] peasants of Mansatzukou started agement over the past few years. This which the workers named "The work in winter 1970 with plenty of has raised China's tea output by a Great Wall" was exhibited at the grit but few mechanical aids. Over­ big margin. Total output in 1971 was Chinese Export Commodities Fair in coming great odds, they have now cut 46.6 per cent more than in 1965. Last Kwangchow in spring 1972. It is a the greater part of the canal, includ­ spring saw another good tea harvest. magnificent 3 ;< 7 m. tapestry piece. ing the chiselling of a 127-m. tunnel By the end of June, the amount sold To make sure that the famous ancient: through the rocks. When completed, to the state increased 14 per cent structure depicted was true to life, the canal will bring the waters of a compared to the same period of last the workers visited the Great Wall nearby river to the terraced fields of year, and quality is generally much and gathered all kinds of relevant Mansatzukou and free the area once better. information before designing the and for all from the caprices of pattern. In the course of production nature. the old workers contributed their Hand- Woven Carpets unique skill and taught others The canal-builders have proudly patiently, while the young workers named it "Shengtien Canal," mean­ THE No. 2 Carpet Factory in the learnt modestly and worked hard. ing "victory over nature." northern seaboard city of Tien­ tsin is a well-known manufacturer of Throughout China's countryside, exquisite tapestries and carpets. In Solar-Energy Boiler on hundreds of millions of peasants are 1959, the tenth anniversary of the displaying the revolutionary spirit of Tibetan Plateau founding of the People's Republic of working hard and relying on their China, the factory produced a num­ COMMANDERS and fighters of the own efforts to transform nature. The ber of these to adorn the newly com­ P.L.A. logistic units stationed in movement to emulate Tachai — an pleted ten big buildings of the Tibet have successfully trial-produced advanced agricultural unit in the na­ capital. A typical work is the huge a solar-energy boiler, which is simple tion — is in full swing. The trans­ carpet of superb workmanship in the in structure and easy to operate. The formation of the Tengri Desert and banquet hall of the Great Hall of the boiler has a system of parabolic mir­ the building of this canal are only People, which is a specimen of the rors which rotates in an ecliptic plane. two of the numerous examples. skill and ingenuity of the workers in The mirrors reflect the solar rays on this factory. to the steel pipes filled with cold water, which gradually boils. New Tea Gardens Carpet-making has flourished in Tientsin since liberation. The No. 2 Lhasa, capital of Tibet, is known as CHINA'S tea acreage has increased Carpet Factory was formerly a small, a "city of the sun." The long duration by 50 per cent since the beginning poorly equipped workshop, but it has of strong solar radiation on the Tibet­ of the Great Proletarian Cultural now become a big factory with over an Plateau including Lhasa makes it possible to use solar energy to the Revolution. 2,000 workers. All production pro­ best advantage. Relevant data avail­ Some of the new tea gardens are cesses used to be done by hand, hence able call for many apparatuses and in traditional tea-producing provinces great labour intensity and low pro­ equipment to design a solar-energy including Hunan, Chekiang, Yunnan, ductivity. Today, however, except in boiler. After overcoming numerous Hupeh, Kwangtung, Kweichow, Sze- the hand-weaving department, all material or technical difficulties, the chuan, Fukien and Anhwei and the other processes are mechanized or P.L.A. commanders and fighters have Kwangsi Chuang Autonomous Re­ semi-mechanized. By using the mor­ succeeded in designing and making gion. Since experiments with mov­ dant dyeing technology to ensure the necessary equipment. ing tea-plants from the south to north fastness of colour, the factory now of the Yangtze have proved success­ produces woven carpets which are Solar-energy boilers are now being ful, some areas north of the Huai much more beautiful and durable. used in some departments in the River and in Shantung and Honan Lhasa area. They can boil 400 litres In recent years, to meet the needs Provinces, which never grew tea be­ of water a day. At noon, under a both at home and abroad, the work­ fore, now also have tea gardens. Tea scorching sun, 45 kilogrammes of cold trees have also been planted in the ers have constantly made improve­ water boils in 47 minutes. This saves southeastern parts of the Tibetan ments and innovations as regards the much- coal and firewood. The P.L.A. Plateau. designs and colours. There were just units are continuing their research in over ten patterns in the early years order to design and make new types Tea-picking has begun in many after liberation, now there are well of boilers which can be used on a new gardens thanks to careful man­ over a hundred. A recent product wider scale.

September 15, 1972 23

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel! irtr.org/cra IRTR Cultural Revolution Archive [email protected]

Music from the modern revolutionary ballet "THE WHITE-HAIRED GIRL" is now available

The modern revolutionary ballet "THE WHITE- HAIRED GIRL" is about a poor peasant named Yang Pai-lao and his daughter Hsi Erh, the "White-Haired Girl," and their fight against landlord despotism. The story epitomizes the Chinese people's armed struggle under the leadership of Chairman Mao and the Communist Party of China to overthrow the reac­ tionary rule of the landlords to win liberation.

Music played by the Orchestra of "The White-Haired Girl" Ballet Troupe of the Shanghai School of Dancing Conductor Chen Hsieh-yang Singing Chorus Female Solo Chu Feng-po Male Solo Chien Yung-ho

Manufactured by! CHINA RECORD CO., Peking, China Distributed by: GUOZI SHUDIAN (China Publications Centre), Peking, China

Order from your local bookseller or write direct to the Mail Order Dept. GUOZI SHUDIAN, P.O. Box 399. Peking, China

Scanned and prepared by It's Right to Rebel!