European Foundations Magazine Spring16

MINE SOLUTION GROUTING WORK TO DELIVER SMOOTH PATH FOR SCOTTISH TUNNEL p17

NEW TREMIE CONCRETE GUIDE p04 LATEST EUROPEAN PROJECT NEWS p08 EFFC HEALTH AND SAFETY p12 WORKING GROUP ZÜBLIN FLOATS IN GOTHENBURG CHAIRMAN LUC VAN HECKE p

SPRING EUROPEAN MAGAZINE OF THE EFFC FOUNDATIONS EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016

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MUTUAL TRAINING RECOGNITION: A LOGIC EVOLUTION

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Over many years national federations goal for “mutual recognition of minimal M u n i c h , A p r i l 11 – 17 within the deep foundations industry training requirements”. and, more specifi cally those within the For the EFFC Health and Safety working European Federation of Foundation group it is, and will remain, an important Contractors (EFFC), have made huge topic: it will stay on our agenda until we efforts to develop theoretical and practical reach a solution. training with one fi nal goal: improving All EFFC member countries should safety. come to an agreement on the content Well-trained rig drivers are the best of the minimum test requirements that prevention to major incidents and form the basis for acceptance in order to dangerous situations. It is an undeniable promote both free trade and safe working . motivation and matter of professional I am calling on all federations to work pride for them. together to fi nd a resolution as soon as Today, most EFFC’s member companies possible. encounter problems on cross border job Everyone will agree on the fact that sites. the best skilled and trained operator They cannot count on their well-trained working with good and well maintained and skilled rig drivers because they do not equipment is the best insurance to do possess the correct certifi cates or cards to a safe job. Crossing borders makes no get permission to operate their own rigs difference for this statement. in another country. At present there are ongoing LUC VAN HECKE negotiations between different countries CHAIRMAN and their national federations to try and EFFC HEALTH overcome this obstacle. AND SAFETY This is a fi rst step towards our common WORKING GROUP Liebherr deep foundation machinery EDITOR ADVERTISING High availability and long service-life due to robust equipment technology EUROPEAN Claire Smith Roland Maybank Low emission and high efficiency thanks to intelligent drive systems +44 (0)20 3033 2818 +44 (0)20 3033 2911 Operating comfort through innovative control concept FOUNDATIONS [email protected] [email protected] Matching working tools ensure excellent productivity PUBLISHED BY PROUDCTION The European Federation of Foundation Contractors aims Emap, Telephone House, Andy Bolton to promote the common interests Optimized construction processes thanks to comprehensive consultation of members of the federation, Paul Street, London +44 (0)20 3033 2823 EC2A 4NQ to improve standards of [email protected] workmanship and to maintain high standards of technical Liebherr-Werk Nenzing GmbH competence, safety and innovation. Dr. Hans Liebherr Straße 1 EFFC 6710 Nenzing, Austria Forum Court, Offi ce 205, Phone: +43 50809 41 473 Devonshire House, Business Centre, E-mail: [email protected] Elmfi eld Road, Bromley BR1 1LT www.facebook.com/LiebherrConstruction foundationworld.org.uk www.liebherr.com

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MUTUAL TRAINING RECOGNITION: A LOGIC EVOLUTION

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04 05 NEWS NEWS

EF New European tremied SPRING 2016 concrete guide published

EUROPE: The European working group chairman The guide concentrates now did not really know 06 Federation of Foundation Karsten Beckhaus, up-to-date design the specific needs for THE BIG Contractors (EFFC) has who also head of the considerations including concrete used in deep, PICTURE published new guidance materials group at Bauer concrete rheology, mix submerged placement Slope protection for oil refinery. to improve the quality of Spezialtiefbau. design, reinforcement applications. tremied concrete in the “The guide meets detailing, concrete cover “With the guidance foundation industry. a real need in the and best practice rules for now published, we now 08 The guide is the result industry for a document placement. need to implement new PROJECTS of several year’s work by representing the common “Until now the only acceptance criteria as Major works an EFFC working group understanding of today’s acceptance criteria we need very substantial throughout that was convened after requirements on fresh available were based results from the ongoing Europe. it emerged that issues concrete for high-quality on the definition of a research project which had been encountered on deep foundations. suitable ‘consistency’ includes European, and 12 a number of European “This first edition but we have learned that American investigations foundation projects. of the guide proposes slump is not enough to on rheology of fresh TUNNELLING “The project provides appropriate performance understand and prove the concrete, and its testing.” Immersed tunnel guidance for all criteria for the concrete sufficient workability of The guide will be challenge for stakeholders – owners, together with test modern five-component available free of charge Swedish city of clients, designers and methods and initial concretes,” explained from the EFFC and Deep Gothenburg. contractors – on the recommendations on Beckhaus. Foundations Institute characteristic performance acceptance values. A “We have to establish websites. 17 of fresh concrete and its second edition of the the understanding of It is currently only Ceneri Base Tunnel breakthrough achieved GROUTING method of placement guide will be published on concrete rheology in the available in English but New tunnel will using tremie methods completion of the research whole industry and move national association SWITZERLAND: Alp Transit Gotthard has years of tunnelling on the 15.4km long and 10mm vertical deviation. reduce flooding in bored piles and and development work, as away from slump only members of the EFFC announced that final breakthrough was tunnel through ground with an overburden Work on lining the tunnel and installing in Scotland but diaphragm walls, allowing this will allow definitive assessment. That includes are expected to translate achieved on the western bore of the Ceneri of up to 900m. According to Alp Transit rail infrastructure will now get underway sets complex construction of high acceptance criteria to be all stakeholders, including the guide into national Base Tunnel in Switzerland earlier this year. Gotthard, the final blast was achieved with and commissioning is scheduled to take geotechnical tasks. quality elements,” said presented.” the suppliers who until versions. The breakthrough marks the end of nine great accuracy with just 20mm horizontal place at the end of 2020.

IN THREE 1. HINDU TEMPLE SECURED 2. METRO TUNNELLING DEALS 3. AIRPORT LINK

INDIA: Maccaferri is funicular railway to ease access. SINGAPORE: Singapore’s Soletanche Singapore and Wai AUSTRALIA: A joint venture undertaking rock bolting and However, assessment of the Land Transport Authority Fong Construction, Shanghai of Salini Impregilo and NRW netting to stabilise a cliff face to planned site showed a high has announced that it has Tunnel Engineering Co, and a jv looks set to secure the design ensure up to 3,000 pilgrims can risk of rockfalls and Maccaferri awarded three contracts of Ssangyong Engineering and and construct contract for the 1 benefit from improved access to worked with the authority to for the construction of new Construction Co and Hyundai Forrestfield Airport Link project in 2 the Saptashrungi temple every stabilise a 200m section to stations and tunnels on the Engineering and Construction Perth, Australia, after being named 3 day. enable the new access to be Thomson-East Coast Line. Co, respectively. as the preferred bidder. The Hindu temple in the installed. They cover the construction of The contracts cover The new 8km long, twin bored Sahyadri Mountains is located Rock fall barriers and further Tanjong Rhu, Katong Park and construction of a 13km east coast tunnelled rail route will provide a at the top of the mountain and netting above the temple is now Marine Terrace stations and section of the Thomson-East 20-minute connection to the city the Public Works Department of being installed at the site to associated tunnels, which have Coast Line and extend the route and link to the existing Midland Maharashtra wanted to install a provide additional protection. been awarded to a jv of Bachy to 43km. line near Bayswater Station. EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016 Spring 2016 | EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS

04 05 NEWS NEWS

EF New European tremied SPRING 2016 concrete guide published

IN THREE 1. HINDU TEMPLE SECURED 2. METRO TUNNELLING DEALS 3. AIRPORT LINK

06 07 THE BIG PICTURE

SEISMIC SLOPE CHALLENGE Keller is on the verge of completing an 18 month-long project to install anchored slope protection for a new oil refinery currently under construction in Aliaga, Turkey. The new Star Refinery, which is within an existing petrochemical plant, will handle up to 214,000 barrels of crude oil per day and store up to 1.64M.t of diesel in 63 tanks that are being built within the development. While the location of the refinery has economic significance, it presented Keller with a number of geotechnical challenges as it is near a fault zone, close to two volcanoes and soil conditions are very heterogeneous. Slopes above the plant needed to be stabilised and Keller has installed single bore multiple anchors with 14 strands that are up to 50m long, split into three bonded lengths, and capable of taking forces of up to 3,000kN. Micropiles have also been installed to stabilise concrete precast elements in areas where there was a low bearing capacity in the location of the anchor heads. EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016 Spring 2016 | EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS

06 07 THE BIG PICTURE

08 09 EUROPEAN PROJECTS

PROJECT MAP Stockholm, Sweden: Bridge protection

Amsterdam, Netherlands: Controversial construction Vroom Foundation Technology CLIENT BC PONTSTEIGER has just completed construction CONSULTANT VAN ROSSUM of 1,200 piles for an unusual new FOUNDATIONS CONTRACTOR Risk of damage from river traffic CLIENT TRAFIKVERKET residential development on the VROOM FOUNDATION to Stockholm’s Gröndal Bridge MAIN CONTRACTOR ZÜBLIN TECHNOLOGY SCANDINAVIA bank of the Ij in the Netherland’s € has been signicantly reduced FOUNDATIONS VALUE 1.5M DESIGNER KFS city of Amsterdam. following completion of work ANLÄGGNINGSKONSTRUKTÖRER The six storey Pontsteiger by Züblin to install new beam CONTRACT VALUE €10M building is located at the end of a pier and will have an opening in the fenders around the structure. centre of the structure but, while the design may be controversial, the Züblin installed a total of 168 developer chose a proven technique for the foundations. tension anchored steel tubular piles to a depth of 24m to absorb the According to Vroom, the most common in situ foundation in the forces from any collision by boats and prevent the bridge piers from Netherlands is vibro piles and these were selected for the majority being struck. of the work, which started in late 2015. In total 850 vibro piles have The completed fenders are 170m long and the piles are connected been constructed to depths of up to 24m but a further 350 CFA piles by a concrete capping beam that is 4m high and 1.5m wide. have been installed to 39m where higher bearing capacities of up to 3,500kN were needed. Palermo, Italy: Budapest, Hungary: Huelva, Spain: Dyke drainage Rail development Creating culture

Menard’s Spanish subsidiary CLIENT ACCIONA The Nodo di Palermo – the CLIENT RETE FERROVIARIA Diaphragm walls for a new MAIN CONTRACTOR MATSA ITALIANA CLIENT ÚJPESTI VAGYONKEZELÖ has undertaken consolidation Palermo Junction – project market hall and cultural MAIN CONTRACTOR HBM of very soft clay that is now GROUND ENGINEERING MENARD will see the rail line between GEOTECHNICAL CONTRACTOR centre are currently on the ESPANA TREVI SOLETANCHE BACHY OVERALL PROJECT COST €19M enabling the Juan Gonzalo Dyke GEOTECHNICAL VALUE €508,000 the Sicilian city and the airport COMPLETION DATE LATE 2016 verge of being completed in in Huelva, Spain to be enlarged doubled in order to improve Budapest by HBM Soletanche FINISH DATE JULY 2017 to support development of the rail journeys and reduce road Bachy. The work (pictured Impala Terminal. congestion. left) forms part of a seven Menard installed over 130,000 linear metres of vertical drains, The project includes construction of 19.5km of railway month long ground engineering phase on the project, which got with each drain measuring up to 28m in depth, and constructed embankments, 500m of bridge and viaducts, six tunnels with a total underway in November last year and the development is expected embankments up to 12m high to surcharge the soft ground. The aim length of 3.2km and 18 cut and cover tunnels with a total length of to be finished in summer 2017. of the work was to consolidate the ground to depths of up to 30m 5km. The new public space is designed to be fully accessible by below the new terminal development. Geotechnical work for the scheme is being undertaken by Trevi disabled people and will have several basement levels for parking The presence of dense sand layers at up to 25m below ground and, when completed at the end of this year, the company expects to and a market hall. level called for predrilling work to ensure the consolidation work have installed more than 200,000 secant piles for the new link. Construction of the new facility called for careful planning to achieved the design requirements. Menard undertook over 97,000 Trevi is also undertaking tunnel consolidation work using jet work around or move utilities, as well as ensure the work did linear metres of pre-drilling to ensure the work was delivered to the grouted columns, diaphragm walls for a new station and installation not disrupt local residents or the operation of the nearby existing specification. of over 7,000 linear metres of micropiles. market. EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016 Spring 2016 | EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS

08 09 EUROPEAN PROJECTS

PROJECT MAP Stockholm, Sweden: Bridge protection

10 11 THE BIG PICTURE

EUROPEAN PARKING RECORD Bauer is currently constructing what is thought to be Europe’s deepest underground parking facility in the Dutch city of Leiden. The circular car park, designed by Royal Haskoning DHV, will extend to six levels below ground and offer parking for up to 525 cars. Work on the €1.5M ground engineering contract started in early 2015 and is expected to be completed early next year. Before starting work, Bauer undertook six pile load tests to prove the design and is now working from pontoons to install Gewi micropiles to depths of up to 55m – believed to be a record-breaking depth in the Netherlands – into very dense sand. EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016 Spring 2016 | EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS

10 11 THE BIG PICTURE

1 1 TUNNELLING TUNNELLING

IN SUMMARY Construction of a new immersed tube and cut and cover tunnel is IMMERSIVE being undertaken in Gothenburg, Sweden to reduce trafﬁ c congestion and support future planned growth CHALLENGE to the west of the city. By Claire Smith

Constructing embedded retaining walls in phase in December of that year. WHERE soft clays with high groundwater levels for a Züblin has responsibility for 85% of the new cut and cover tunnel is always a major contract and is undertaking all permanent geotechnical challenge. However, if the works, including the deep basements and Norway Sweden structure also has to be used as a temporary earthworks for the dry docks and cut and SWEDEN Gothenburg dry dock, not once but three times, then the cover tunnels and the immersed tunnel challenge becomes signifi cantly more elements. The remainder of the contract Denmark technically demanding. will be undertaken by Boskalis and this This is exactly the challenge that Züblin includes dredging of the river for placement and Boskalis are currently undertaking in of the immersed tunnel elements, installing the Swedish city of Gothenburg for the bedding layers, backfi ll and rock fi lling IN FIGURES construction of the Marieholmstunneln. around the elements and dredging for new The ground conditions and temporary marinas. 39m works are not the only diffi culties on this Depth of driven piles to overcome heave new road scheme though. It is also being DESIGN CHALLENGE carried out in close proximity to two other “Choosing the right parameters for the major civil engineering projects – the design of the tunnel was challenging 37m Partihalsbridge for a new motorway link to because of the soft clays in which we are The width of the excavation pits the Marieholmstunneln, which is being working,” says Züblin geotechnical design built by Peab and NCC, and the new manager Christiane Hof. WHO? Marieholmsbridge rail bridge, which is “The depth to bedrock at the site is 91m Swedish Transport Administration being built by Skanska. and the clays we are working with have an Trafi kverket appointed Züblin and Boskalis The new 500m long tunnel is designed to undrained shear strength of around 10kPa. to deliver the design and construct carry 90,000 vehicles per day and will However, the clay is very homogeneous and contract, which is valued at SEK1.5bn reduce traffi c fl ow through the existing has a very low permeability. (€166M), in June 2014 and work is Tingstadtunnel and improve access to the “Ground movement was one of our main expected to be completed in autumn 2020. port and other industrial areas. concerns as the tunnel is located close to The Marieholmstunneln is designed to carry 90,000 vehicle a day The 300m long central section of the both the Partihalsbridge and CHALLENGES Marieholmstunneln, which will take the Marieholmsbridge.” Soft clays and use of one of the excavation new route below the River Göta, is being Much of the design considerations were pits as a dry dock has made this project constructed using immersed tube dealt with ahead of the contract award as geotechnically challenging and Züblin has techniques and the 100m long east and Züblin technical manager Johannes THE MARIEHOLMS road and rail infrastructure are vital. Bohus Line and add cycle and said that it is pushing the boundaries of west access ramps are being constructed Glückert says that the tender stage for the CONNECTION The Marieholms Connection project will pedestrian routes across the river. technology. using cut and cover techniques. The cut and project took a year to complete. improve connection with the city’s port Construction started in 2014 and is cover structure for the eastern ramp has a Immersed tube tunnels have been The Marieholms Tunnel is part of a and major industrial areas, as well as scheduled to be completed in 2017. MORE INFORMATION dual purpose as it will fi rst serve as the dry delivered in Gothenburg before but wider project being delivered by relieve congestion on local roads. The Partihalls Intersection will allow www.trafi kverket.se/en/ dock for construction of the three precast Glückert says that this one is bigger and Trafi kvert and also includes the The new 1,500m long rail swing road traffi c from the E45 and E20 to marieholmconnection concrete immersed tube tunnel elements. deeper than the previous project undertaken Partihalls Intersection and the South bridge will add rail capacity to the city connect with the new tunnel and divert in the 1980s. Marieholms Bridge. as the current Marieholms rail bridge traffi c away from routes that are CONTRACT DETAILS The excavations for the cut and cover According to Trafi kvert, there are only carried one line over the River currently congested at peak times. Züblin and Boskalis were awarded the sections are up to 18m deep and 37m wide more than 1M residents in the greater Göta. The completion of the intersection is design and construct contract, which is with minimal struts at ground level and the Gothenburg area and more than 70% of The new rail bridge will add freight linked to the construction schedule for valued at SEK1.5bn (€166M), by Swedish base slabs formed by underwater concrete Sweden’s industrial capacity is located capacity into the port, as well as the new tunnel and is scheduled to open Transport Administration Trafi kverket in – another unusual aspect for the Swedish within a 500km radius of the city, so improve passenger services on the at the same time in 2020. June 2014 and moved to the construction civil engineering market.  EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016 Spring 2016 | EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS

1 1 TUNNELLING TUNNELLING

14 15 TUNNELLING TUNNELLING

> MARRIEHOLMS TUNNEL completed, the dock will be flooded to allow the elements to be floated out into the river 200 tubular piles E6 have been driven Göta älv to be stored until all the units are to a depth of 39m completed. on the eastern “We are only permitted to work in the side of the dry E45 river during winter time, so although the dock Gamlestaden first units will be completed this year they Tingstad will not be put in their final position just

Säveån yet,” says Glückert. Lundbyleden Before the elements can be positioned, Boskalis will have to complete its dredging MARIEHOLMS Ånäsmotet work to excavate an 8m deep trench and TUNNEL install a 0.5m to 1m thick sand bed to Marieholm Munkebäcksmotet cushion the concrete elements against the E20 Bagaregården clay. Fill that will “lock” the elements into position will then be placed against the Olskroken 500m sides of the elements and the whole installation will be overlain with rockfill to provide long-term protection from river been placed around the edge,” says Tunnel construction traffic. Glückert. work is expected to While work is progressing on casting in In theory, even the permanent slab is only be completed in late the dry dock, construction of the cut and temporary – albeit for three years – as the 2018 or early 2019 cover tunnel will be undertaken on the cut and cover tunnel structure will be western side. To the untrained eye the cut separate and built once the excavation has and cover segments will look much the served its purpose as a dry dock. same as the immersed tube sections but will Despite the detailed design and modelling have expansion joints rather than seals that has gone into the project, there are still between them. concerns over ground movement and Hof According to Glückert, the tunnel says that there is a huge monitoring construction work is expected to be programme underway that is being completed in late 2018 or early 2019 at delivered by Sol Experts to check for which point the focus of Züblin’s work will deformation of the wall, heave and changes move onto the mechanical and electrical fit in pore water pressure. “All movements out and testing phase which is scheduled to have been as anticipated, so far,” she says. take two years. Much of the focus has been on Once the tunnel construction is  “Use of underwater concrete is the depth of excavation and have been no tie down piles are needed,” explains Hof. completing the excavation on the eastern completed, Züblin will also construct a new unusual in Sweden but it is common in the driven to a depth of 39m. In total 200 of Nonetheless, the permanent slab will side as casting of the first of five 102m long marina within the excavation pits which will Netherlands so we have brought in Ballast these piles have been driven on the eastern include a 600mm drainage layer and pump immersed tunnel elements is scheduled to create 800m of new quay wall. According to Needham to deliver this aspect of the work,” side for the dry dock and slightly fewer for positions as a precaution. start in April. Nonetheless, excavation on Hof, the aim is partly to improve the area says Glückert. the western cut and cover as the excavation The underwater concrete is needed as the western side is only running two but also to ensure that ground loading The double use of the eastern cut and will not be as wide. part of the precautions against heave. Part months behind the eastern side. around the cut and cover tunnels is cover tunnel construction pit as a dry dock, “The 39m depth of the piles has been of the excavation was undertaken under dry “We currently have three months to minimised. as well as the need to ease the construction driven by the risk of bottom heave from the conditions and then water was pumped in complete the concrete work on the eastern “Ground conditions are challenging so phase on both sides, meant that supporting unloading during the excavation,” says Hof. to provide downforce while the remainder side but there is a lot of work needed to the pipe walls formed for the construction struts needed to be kept to a minimum. The excavation on the eastern side has was excavated. The concrete was then cast create the dry dock,” says Glückert. “Work work will be left in place at the end of the However, with such a large span this was been completed and construction of the slab underwater with 5,000m3 pumped into the on the western side has gone well so far. project,” she says. not a job that could be completed using is underway. Work started with installation eastern side over a three-day period and was The ground there is softer still which has repeated dewatering and flooding of the “Removing them could present a high diaphragm wall or combi wall techniques. of a temporary unreinforced slab covered followed by installation of a 1.5m thick layer made installation of the pipe wall easy but dock as casting work progresses. “It is very risk of damage to the tunnel structures and Instead Züblin has developed an embedded with ballast to overcome heave which will of ballast before the water was pumped back will be a challenge in terms of deformation hard to model,” she says. the new quay area will help unload the soil retaining wall that it calls a pipe wall – then be sequentially replaced by the out of the excavation in January. during excavation, however, we only have to The ground conditions were not the only to prevent creep.” driven steel tubular piles that are connected permanent slab. “The underwater concrete we used is dewater that side once.” feature that guided use of the eastern side However, the challenge of whether to by tie rod. “Because the clay has such a low unusual in itself as it is a high strength mix According to Hof, the dry dock still as the location for the dry dock – the space remove the temporary works or not is still The tubular piles have a diameter of permeability, there is no free groundwater – a 30/35 – and there were concerns over presents some further concern over ground available on that side was also a factor. some way off as the new tunnel is not set to either 1,075mm or 1,420mm depending on so there is no risk of seepage and as a result crack development so reinforcement has movement from the cyclic loading from the As each post tensioned element is open until autumn 2020. EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016 Spring 2016 | EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS

14 15 TUNNELLING TUNNELLING

GROUTING BRE Connect Online

Solve your information needs using a source you can trust The €128M Shieldhall IN SUMMARY Tunnel is designed to WHAT IS BRE CONNECT ONLINE? Sottish Water is building the provide ﬂ ood relief in Glasgow BRE Connect Online gives you technical advice, practical guidance and solutions from BRE – the UK’s leading €128M Shieldhall Tunnel to improve centre of built environment expertise, research and training. An annual subscription service from IHS BRE Press, water quality and reduce ﬂ ooding in BRE Connect Online will keep you up-to-date through online access to over 1700 new and published BRE titles Glasgow but has called for complex including: geotechnical work to reduce the risks 700 books, reports and guides – research, innovation, 250 Digests – authoritative state-of-the-art reviews on the tunnelling phase. best practice and case studies, such as: 600 Information Papers – BRE research and how to • Roofs and roofing apply it in practice • Foundations, basements and external works 150 Good Building and Repair Guides – illustrated WHERE • Geotechnics for building professionals practical guides to good building and repair work • Structural assessment of LPS dwelling blocks for AND MUCH MORE ... accidental loading

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All this for an annual subscription of only £349 + VAT Call now on +44 (0) 1344 328038 to find out more IN FIGURES or arrange a free trial at www.ihs.com/BRE119 2,000 BRE119_NCE_Connect Online_May13.indd 1 02/05/2013 12:18:17 Grout hole locations in Queens Park

GRLWEAP Software 42km ADVANCED Get your piling project off to a good start. Linear length of drilling at Queens Park

WHO? STABILISATION Predicts driving stresses, hammer The tunnelling will be undertaken by performance, the contracting joint venture Vinci Construction By Claire Smith relation between pile Grands Projets and Costain but the bearing capacity and grouting work has been sublet to specialist net set per blow and contractor Soil Engineering Geosciences the total driving time. Many grouting projects are reactive to Geosciences (SEG). and piling work to Bachy Soletanche (see ground movement problems and residents The Shieldhall Tunnel is 5.2km tunnel to Includes models for box). of Glasgow are very familiar with these link the Shieldhall Treatment works with parallel or composite works as a result of widespread shallow coal another part of the network in Queens Park, piles, four static CHALLENGES analysis options mines across the Scottish city. However, the which is currently the main focus of the and more than 800 Shallow coal mining along the route latest fl eet of drilling rigs and grout mixers grouting. preprogrammed driving means that voids and unstable ground lie are working to mitigate against the problem When completed in 2017, the tunnel will hammers on the planned path of the tunnel boring ahead of a major investment in a wastewater provide fl ood relief for southern Glasgow machine and has called for extensive Also in Offshore Wave management tunnel to protect the city from and reduce storm water overfl ow into the Version to model free grouting work ahead of tunnelling. fl ooding. River Clyde. riding hammers, non- Accuracy is essential as the grouted mine “The scheme is part of a wider uniform and battered workings will soon be in the direct path of a programme of work in Glasgow that is piles and analyze MORE INFORMATION fatigue. www.scottishwater.co.uk/investment-and- Herrenknecht slurry tunnel boring machine focused on large scale water quality communities/your-community/glasgow- (TBM) that will be constructing Scottish improvements and removing properties investment Water’s £100M (€128M) Shieldhall Tunnel. from fl ooding register by 2021,” says Main contracting joint venture Vinci Scottish Water senior project manager

[email protected] Construction Grands Projets and Costain Dominic Flanagan. +1 216-831-6131 www.pile.com/grlweap are currently preparing for the arrival of the “It is the largest investment undertaken TBM but the grouting work has been sublet by Scottish Water and is aimed at to specialist contractor Soil Engineering making the network in Glasgow ﬁ t for  Spring 2016 | EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS

GROUTING BRE Connect Online

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Glasgow

GRLWEAP Software 42km ADVANCED Get your piling project off to a good start. Linear length of drilling at Queens Park

C M Y CM MY CY CMY K

EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016

18 GROUTING

PREPARING FOR LAUNCH chamber, which is just off Jura Street. Pollock Country Park to Queens Park. The walls for the 240m long cut and Despite value engineering, the bored In terms of tunnelling techniques, cover tunnel have been formed by tunnel work is not straightforward. The Shieldhall has it all with piled shafts, 750mm diameter CFA piles with the route has been selected to minimise the top down constructed shafts, sprayed length changing from 15m close to the number of residential areas it passes, concrete linings, pipe jacking, grouting, service chamber to 12m as the cut and this takes the tunnel through a number cut and cover and bored solutions. cover tunnel progresses towards the of disused mine workings and complex At the other end of the new tunnel TBM launch chamber. faulting. from the current Queens Park grouting The TBM launch chamber has been “Four areas were identified from the works, Bachy Soletanche has already formed from 900mm diameter CFA piles outset – Jura Street, Bellahousten Park, completed a large amount of piling, installed to 13.8m depth with glass fibre Titwood Road near Crossmyloof Station along with more grouting by SEG, to reinforced cages used in the piles at the and Upper Queens Park,” says Walker. prepare for the launch of the TBM. launch end of the chamber to create the SEG has already completed grouting at At the Jura Street site the ground soft eye for the TBM. Jura Street and Bellahousten Park. conditions of clays and glacial tills “The main challenge was the logistics The tunnel will also encounter faulted overlying mudstones and sandstone due to the residential nature of the ground where it passes under the M77, combined with the shallow depth of the site,” says Bachy Soletanche site the Paisley Canal and a railway line. tunnel at Shieldhall have dictated the engineer Jake Young. “The site was “This area presents a settlement risk as use of cut and cover techniques. literally the width of the street, so the we will only have one tunnel diameter This led to Bachy undertaking 131, sequencing of the work is critical.” of cover in this area,” says Walker. “We 900mm diameter cased secant piled Once the TBM is launched later this may undertake more compensating (CSP) wall for the 15m diameter and year, the tunnel will be bored south grouting in this area but this is still 15.5m deep shaft one and a service eastwards under Bellahouston Park and under discussion.”

 purpose for the next 100 years.” > TUNNEL ROUTE grouting work to shore up the bandstand The project is based on 10 years of for Glasgow City Council around a decade hydraulic modelling and is part of ago. Nonetheless, that work was not on the Shieldhall waste water M8 integrated investment planning that treatment works scale of the current project that will call for Scottish Water has undertaken with 2,000 grout holes to be drilled that are set Glasgow City Council, the Scottish M8 Jura Street to cover a linear length of 42km. Environmental Protection Agency and “The route of tunnel has been planned to Scotland Canals. This approach is now follow Glasgow’s greenspaces and roads to Bellahouston M74 being rolled out to other Scottish cities. Park Titwood Road minimise the impact of any potential “It was identified during the early stages subsidence on residential or commercial Pollock of the project that there would be a Country Park Queens Park properties,” explains Llewellyn. requirement for grouting on the project,” M77 “With the TBM alignment set to bore says SEG business unit manager Tristan directly through the grouted horizons, there Llewellyn. “SEG has previously undertaken is no margin for error with our work and grouting work to stabilise collapsed coal city due to the size of the sites and varying minimising the risk of collapse, and ironstone mines around Glasgow over locations. During the course of the scheme, groundwater and ground gas is vital.” the last 30 years, so we had a good idea of SEG has worked in a residential street at SEG moved onto site in Queens Park in what to expect. Jura Street (see box), in park environments January this year and expects to complete “The mining was mostly done in the 18th at Bellahousten Park (see box) and Queens the work in May 2016. and 19th century but is largely unmapped. Park, and on railway land and within live The grouting covers a 20m wide strip of The mines are very discreet in nature, traffic at the Titwood Road site. the park with a spacing of 3.5m between which makes it hard to predict where will treatment holes. or won’t be affected, but where the mines QUEENS PARK “The tunnel will pass under the park at do exist most were driven using the pillar At Queens Park SEG has taken over an 15m to 20m below ground level and we are and stall approach.” 800m long east-west swathe of Glasgow’s treating the ground up to 12m below the According to Llewellyn, the grouting largest park, putting the work fully within base of the tunnel,” says Llewellyn. work for the Shieldhall Tunnel is probably the public spotlight. There are five coals seams within the the most complex of all the grouting SEG had specific experience of working depth being treated by SEG but there is projects the company has undertaken in the in Queens Park after undertaking previous only evidence of workings within two 

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Colori compositi EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016

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Work at the Titwood Road site began in January

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Fugro delivers integrated geophysical and geotechnical investigations with comprehensive short and long term monitoring solutions. 5 FREE Providing full scale static load tests both  – the Virgin and the Flint. There is undertake fissure grouting for the shafts,” lights control traffic flows through what is Project Leads bi-directional and traditional, low and high strain some faulting and folding within the seams adds Llewellyn thought to be one of Glasgow’s busiest integrity tests, and a complete range of structural in the park so careful observation of the junctions, giving road users plenty of time Receive 5 free construction project and geotechnical monitoring systems. We play a drilling arisings is vital. SEG is treating the TITWOOD ROAD to view the work. leads relevant to your business key role in optimising the design, efficiency, safety seams from the top down and, so far with Like Queens Park, SEG started work on Work is focused on completing the - visit www.gleniganleads.com/leads and quality of foundation testing around the world. 25% of the drilling completed, voids have grouting at Titwood Road in January. While grouting on one half of the road before the been found by most of the grout holes. the Queens Park work is being carried out traffic management is switched over to The grouting is sequenced to create a cut during daylight only, the set up and railway allow SEG to access the other half. Glenigan are the leading supplier of off wall to the north and south of the tunnel elements of the work here will call for The tunnel does not follow the road construction project leads in the UK. We add alignment and once this is completed the overnight working. alignment so extensive use of inclined over 5,000 projects every month, containing holes between are used to undertake bulk It is hard to miss that the grouting is in boreholes is being applied. However, this is details on the stage, value, online plans and Fugro Loadtest infill. full swing – two cement silos tower above a not straightforward as short masted rigs Tel: +44 1932 784807 contact details of key decision makers involved. [email protected] Costain and Vinci will also construct two supermarket car park that SEG has have had to be specially brought in to www.loadtest.com shafts within the park and SEG will deliver acquired for its site offices – and half the prevent obstructing the traffic and part of more technical grouting to enable these to street – over a 200m section – is hidden by the road is on embankment so the drill be excavated safely. “We will create a grout hoardings with just the drilling rig masts orientations need careful planning to curtain, create a base plug using grout and peeking over the top. Temporary traffic prevent work daylighting.  EUROPEAN FOUNDATIONS | Spring 2016

20 GROUTING

Work at the Titwood Road site began in January

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Grouting at Queens Park 11 May 2016 covers a 20m wide strip with a spacing of 3.5m between treatment holes Grosvenor House Hotel London

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 The coal seams are more folded and CHALLENGES AHEAD programme for the grouting. Who are delivering for their clients? faulted here than at Queens Park, so with SEG had only completed six weeks on site Another issue that will be a concern until just half of the site width available for when EF visited the work but so far the drilling of the last hole is completed is Where is the best place to forge a civil engineering career? treatment and the variability of the ground everything has gone well. the need to ensure no steel is left in the conditions, it has been challenging for the “Our experience of grouting in Glasgow ground. “The no steel drop is critical site team to build up an accurate ground has certainly helped get us to this point but because the TBM will pass through the model. there are still some elements of the work grouted areas and any steel left in the THE NCE100 AWARDS WILL REVEAL ALL The next phase of work at Titwood Road that we need to manage carefully to ensure ground could seriously damage it,” says will call for grouting below a railway line smooth running of the whole contract,” Llewellyn. “Just in case it does happen, we close to Crossmyloof Station, which will says Llewellyn. have developed some special equipment have to be undertaken during overnight “A major concern that still needs to be that would allow us to overdrill the hole and Find out more at: 100awards.newcivilengineer.com/2016 weekend track possessions. overcome is a decision on how to complete remove the steel before grouting is carried The other challenge for the Titwood Road drilling for grouting work on the Titwood out.” SPONSORSHIP OPPORTUNITIES ENTRY & TABLE INFORMATION grouting team is the location of a mine Street site which is close to a care home While it is clear that SEG has carefully shaft in a road junction just off Titwood where residents are particularly sensitive to planned the work and taken precautions Emma Rowland 020 7391 4546 Chris Williams 020 3033 2611 Road. noise.” against various pitfalls, the proof of the [email protected] [email protected] “Geophysics has been undertaken in the SEG has undertaken trials of a Soilmec grouting will only come when the TBM road to locate the mine shaft and guide the SM8G rotary drilling rig at the Queens Park safely passes through the site. With the grouting design,” says Llewellyn. site to try and work with Costain, Vinci and TBM not set to reach Queens Park until Sponsored by Supported by While the scale of work at Titwood Scottish Water to try and find a solution spring next year, it will be some time before Road is smaller, it is certainly still that will minimise the impact of the work Llewellyn’s team can completely relax and #NCE100 @ncedigital challenging. on residents without affecting the class the work as a success.

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22 GROUTING

Grouting at Queens Park 11 May 2016 covers a 20m wide strip with a spacing of 3.5m between treatment holes Grosvenor House Hotel London

 REWARDING THE BEST CIVIL ENGINEERING FIRMS What are the most outstanding civil engineering practices?

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