January 3, 1995 Vol. XLVII No. 1 "Still U.S. Department of Health The Second and Human Services Best Thing About Payday" National Institutes of Health A Boon for Morale IHNEl's Recori Wurtz To Give Reengineering Team Embarks on Efficiency Quest Mider Lecture, Jan. 18 By Carla Garnett n the seconds it takes you to read this ave you ever been at work and whimsically thought: "Boy, is this process long and I sentence,,you are probably not even tedious!. If I could just cut out step X, Y or Z, I probably could do a lot more." aware of the movement your eyes make across Called "business process reengineering" when done on a grander, more formalized H the page. Yet the rapid or "saccadic" eye scale, these and similar musings are being said aloud and examined seriously forNIH's movements you make every time you look at administrative processes. This is in response to Vice President Gore's National Performance something are just as critical to vision as the Review, intended to "reinvent" a leaner, more efficient government. Even though the effort is eye's ability to remain still and focus or to just a few months old, administrative reengineering has already shown valuable potential receive light. dividends in an often overlooked resource-workforce morale. Although many "It's giving me a new outlook on my own work," said Deon Johnson, an accounting techni­ areas throughout cian who has worked inNIH's Office of Financial Management for 4 years and is one of about the brain are a dozenNIH'ers chosen to serve on the agency's first reengineering team. "I can now see responsible for things from a procurement point of view. Also, it's very interesting meeting people outside my eye movement, organization and dealing with upper management. Unless I have a problem, it's not often that one region, called I get the opportunity to share my thoughts and views." the superior Another team member, Laura McNay, a purchasing agent forNIAID's Laboratory of colliculus, is Immunoregulation since 1991, is encouraged by the promise of reengineering. particularly "Anything we can do to save the government money is certainly important," she said, important. explaining chat for her the most interesting aspect is reengineering's wide-open philosophy. Contained in this "Right now, we're looking at things 'as is.' Bue the next phase will lee us look at things the way structure is a map we want them to be. We're going to attack this from all sides and everyone gets a look from of the visual Dr. Robert H. Wurtz several different points of view." (See REENGINEERING, Page 4) world that the brain uses when it moves the eye. The Coppin State Choir Returns critical importance of these maps for rapid King Commemoration Features Post Journalist eye movements will be the topic of the upcoming G. Burroughs Mider Lecture given c has always been the policy of theNIH Martin Luther King, Jr. planning committee not by Dr. Robert H. Wurtz, chief ofNEI's I to schedule a consecutive appearance of any participant in the MLK commemoration. Laboratory of Sensorimotor Research, This policy will be broken on Jan. 13 for the first time. The Coppin Stace Choir is returning entitled "Brain Maps forEye Movements." by popular demand of NIH employees to perform a medley in its own unique way. The lecture will be held on Wednesday, Jan. All of the program participants-keynote speaker Juan Williams, journalist and author of 18, at 3 p.m. in the Clinical Center's Masur Eyes On The Prize; the Coppin State College Choir; theNIH Pre-School Day Care Song and (See MIDER LECTURE, Page 2) Dance Troupe; the Montgomery County Office of Volunteer Services; and the House of Imagene in Washington, D.C.-will echo the theme "Everyone Can Serve; Help Somebody." NLM Unveils 'Visible Man' Also, on Jan. 3, receptacles were placed in the basement of Bldg. 1 and lobbies of Bldgs. 10, By Roger Gilkeson (See KING PROGRAM, Page 7) he scenario is a fantastic one: before Mantle Passes, Mission Remains This execution, a convicted murderer wills his body to science and is "resurrected" BIG's NIH Chapter Changes Guard, Stays Course 16 months lacer as a three-dimensional, By Carla Garnett computer-generated "cadaver" destined to be en 1994 closed last week, so too did the second 2-year term of Vincent A. a teaching and research tool for the world. Thomas, Jr. as president of NI H's chapter of Blacks in Government. Chief of That story received widespread media NIAID's Management Services attention following presentation of the Visible Branch and an early member of the 13-year-old Man recently in Chicago. The VM was BIG chapter, Thomas left legacies of outspoken released onto the Internee during a meeting of activism, unwavering advocacy and strategic the Radiological Society of North America. coalition building. Clearly, 13 years (and That event marked completion of the first counting) in the organization-including at least phase of NLM's Visible Human Project. 5 in top leadership roles-have taught him a Phase two, the Visible Woman, will be thing or two about power, authority and the completed next year. struggle to advance minorities, particularly NLM director Dr. Donald A.B. Lindberg Blacks, in federal service. One of the hardest said, "The Visible Man represents an lessons-one he will pass on to his successor at incredibly detailed atlas of human anatomy, BIG's helm-is that change is often slow and created from thousands of images of a human painful. On the receiving end of that lesson is body collected with state-of-the-art radio­ new BIG President Zita Givens, an 11-year NIH graphic and photographic techniques. This is employee who rose to her new post from a 2-year the first time such detailed digital informa­ stint as chair of BIG's research committee. A tion about an entire human body has been program analyst withNIA's Office of Planning, compiled." Analysis and International Activities, Givens BIG President Vince Thomas will pass The Visible Man is so complex that chose (See BIG LEADERSHIP, Page 8) mantle to Zita Givens on Jan. 17. (See VISIBLE MAN, Page 6) The Record page 2 January 3, 1995

MIDER LECTURE TO FOCUS ON VISUAL-SACCADIC SYSTEM (Continued from Page 1) Auditorium. For more than 25 years, Wurtz has studied November 1990 to November 1991. He vision and oculomotor control in rhesus leads the Integrative Neuroscience Group, monkeys-animals whose visual system is which meets regularly on the NIH campus. "remarkably similar to ours," he says. He and A native of St. Louis, he received his A.B. in his colleagues have developed a technique of chemistry from Oberlin College in 1958 and isolating the brain cells that allow investiga­ a Ph.D. in psychology from the University of tion of saccadic eye movement. Twenty years Michigan in 1962. He has served in his ago, Wurtz was the first scientist to record current position at NEI since 1978, when he the activity of single cells in the primary was invited by institute director Dr. Carl visual cortex in monkeys who were awake and Kupfer to organize the Laboratory of actively responding to stimuli in the environ­ Sensorimotor Research. Before coming to ment. Wurtz' techniques, developed at NIH, NEI, he served as a physiologist at the are now widely used in laboratories through­ Laboratory of Neurobiology, NIMH. 0 out the world to study the functioning visual system. Canalis To Address Bone Group "Eye movement is a microcosm of how the On Tuesday, Jan. 10, Dr. Ernesto Canalis, Dr. Michael B. Sporn, chief of the Laboratory brain works," he explains. "In addition to director of research at St. Francis Hospital of Chemoprevention, NCI, recently received the helping us see, eye movement is also one of and Medical Center in Connecticut, will American Cancer Society's Medal of Honor. He the first things a physician tests when giving a discuss "Skeletal Growth Factors: Basic Bone received the award for "groundbreaking studies neurological exam. This system is an Biology and Therapeutic Implications" at a related to the growth of cells and chemo­ indicator for several aspects of nervous system meeting of the federal working group on prevention,"a term he invented in 1976. His function." bone diseases. The meeting will be held in early studies involving breast, bladder, and In addition to studying eye movement, Bldg. 31, Conf. Rm. 8, from 9:30 to 11:30 other epithelial cancers "increased the under­ Wurtz has also used the primate model to a.m. For more information, call Sharon standing of how biologically active substances investigate the series of events that lead to Louis, 6-0801. 0 such as retinoids and closely related compounds motion perception, particularly visual motion inhibit growth of cancer cells." His most recent processing in the middle temporal and medial Camera Club Holds Meeting accomplishments include pioneering studies of superior temporal areas of the brain's cortex. The NIH R&W Camera Club will meet on transforming growth factor-beta and its role in The visual-saccadic system, he explains "is Tuesday, Jan. 10 at 7:30 p.m. in Bldg. 31, cell regulation. A graduate of Harvard College, understood at higher levels in the primate Rm. 6C07. The guest speaker will be David Sporn received his medical degree from the than, for example, the auditory system or the Brown from PhotoPro, who will talk about University ofRochester Medical Center. He has somatosensory system-not because we're portrait lighting techniques. The subject for been at NIH since 1960 and has been a PHS brilliant scientists, but because it's a system the competition of the evening is "reflec­ commissioned officer since 1962. that's relatively simple." tions." The club is open and all who are Wurtz is a member of the National interested may join, but only members can Academy of Sciences and served as president submit for the competition. For more of the Society forNeuroscience from information, contact Yuan Liu, 6-8318. 0 The NIH Record Published biweekly at Bethesda, Md., by the Editorial Operations Branch, Division of Public Information, for the information of employees of the National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services. The content is reprincable without permission. Pictures may be available on request. Use of funds for printing this periodical has been approved by the director of the Office of Management and Budget through September 30, 1995.

NIH Record Office Correspondents: Bldg. 31, Room 2B-03 CC, Sara Byars Phone 6-2125 DCRT, Mary Hodges Fax2-1485 DRG, Judith Grover FIC, Irene Edwards Editor NCI, Patricia A. Newman Richard McManus NCHGR, Leslie Fink NCRR, Lori Mulligan Assistant Editor Anne Barber NE!, Linda Huss NHLBI, Louise Williams Associate Editor NIA, Vicky Cahan Carla Garnett NIAM, Ann M. Bradley NIAID, James Hadley NlAMS, Janet Howard Dr. Peter Kador (second from l), chief ofNEI's Laboratory of Ocular Therapeutics, was honored NICHD, Carol Florance recently at the German Embassy with the Bundesverdienstkreuz (Cross of Merit ofthe German NIDA, Mona Brown Federal Government). The medal was presented in the name of German President Roman Herzog NIDCD, Gail Blatt by Thomas Matussek, minister of the Federal Republic of Germany forAmerica. The award was NIDDK, Eileen Corrigan NIDR, Mary Daum presented to Kador for his longstanding achievements for cultural unity between the two nations, NIEHS, Thomas Hawkins and for his organization of a 2-day National German American Choral Festival in which more The NIH Record reserves the right to make NIGMS, Wanda Warddell than 2,000 singers representing over 50 choirs from the U.S., Canada and Germany participated. corrections, changes, or NIMH, Marilyn Weeks Kador is president of the Washington Saengerbund, a German choral organization founded in deletions in submitted NINOS, Shannon Garnett copy in conformity with 1851. Shown at the ceremony are (from l) NE! Deputy Director Edward McManus, NE! director the policies of the paper NINR, Marianne Duffy Dr. Carl Kupfer, and Matussek. and HHS. NLM, Roger L. Gilkeson The Record page 3 January 3, 1995

Normal Intestinal Bacteria Play Role in Some Arthritis NIDDK Scientists Honored The Sicilian Society of Nephrology recently By Elia Ben-Ari awarded the Malpighi Gold Medal to on the causes of some tissue type. n a novel study NIDDK researchers Drs. Gary and Liliane I Arthritis researchers believe that many forms of arthritis, researchers have now Striker for their contributions to renal rheumatic diseases result from a combination shown in animals that both a bacterial pathology and for the use of molecular of genetic factors that determine suscepcibil- trigger and genetic susceptibility are biology techniques to study glomerular 1ty and bacterial or other environmental necessary for the disease to occur. This diseases. The Strikers accepted the award at triggers. Researchers already know chat some discovery is the fruit of a research effort that the society's recent annual meeting in forms of spondyloarthropathies, termed began with a study to determine if a human Messina, Italy. reactive arthritis, are triggered by certain gene called HLA-B27 was the major cause of The husband types of infections, particularly in individuals a group of rheumatic disorders called and wife team are with HLA-B27. "We knew from studies in spondyloarthropathies. recognized humans chat there are disease-causing bacteria Earlier studies showed that rats carrying internationally for such as Salmonella chat can trigger arthritis. �he human HLA-B27 gene develop joint their renal and What we didn't know was whether normal rnflammation (arthritis) and other symptoms vascular research. gut [intestinal] bacteria could do chis," characteristic of the human spondylo­ The principal Taurog said. "The ability ro raise the HLA­ arthropathies. In an article in the December focus of current B27 rats in a germfree environment allowed issue of the Journal of Experimental Medicine, studies is the us to test chis hypothesis." Normally the researchers now report that when these B27 pathogenesis of large intestine in both humans and rats is full transgenic rats are raised in a germfree glomerulosclerosis, of benign bacteria, but rats raised and kept in environment, they no longer develop the main cause of a germfree environment do not have any Dr. Liliane Striker arthritis. end-stage renal bacteria in their gastrointestinal tract. "HLA-B27 is the tightest genetic link to disease in the Uniced States. The Strikers complex, acquired human disease yet were the first ro isolate and characterize Arthritis-Free Rats Reared known," said Dr. Michael D. Lockshin, human and mouse glomerular epithelial, acting director of NIAMS, which helped Now, Taurog, Hammer and colleagues endothelial, and mesangial cells in vitro. support chis research. "These latest experi­ They were also first to apply competitive ments show that, although the gene plays a from UTSW and the University of Wiscon­ sin, Madison, report chat when HLA-B27 polymerase chain reaction techniques to the central role, intestinal bacteria are needed to analysis of cause the arthritis." transgenic rats are raised in a completely germfree environment, the rats no longer experimental HLA-B27 has long been known to be a animal models of marker for the spondyloarthroparhies. develop the arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, whereas skin and genital inflamma­ glomerular disease People who inherit the HLA-B27 gene have and to apply their a markedly increased risk of developing one tion still occur. These results provide strong evidence chat normal intestinal bacteria play observations and of these disorders, which can affect multiple techniques to the organ systems. an important role in the development of B27- associated intestinal and joint inflammation, evaluation of Four years ago, Drs. Joel Taurog, Robert human glomerular Hammer and colleagues at the University of but not in development of che psoriasis-like skin and nail lesions or genital inflammation. disease. Texas Southwestern (UTSW) Medical Liliane Striker is Center in Dallas introduced the human "This is the epitome of a disease in which chief of the renal Dr. Gary Striker HLA-B27 gene into laboratory rats in an there are two crucial elements-genetic and environmental," says Taurog. "Not just cell biology section, attempt to create a model system for Metabolic Diseases Branch, and Gary Striker pathogenic [disease-causing] bacteria but studying the role of HLA-B27 in the is a senior investigator in the laboratory and spondyloarthropathies. To the researchers' normal bacteria can apparently trigger the disease. The gut bacterial system is very director of che instirute's extramural Division surprise, these transgenic rats spontaneously of Kidney, Urologic, and Hematologic developed a series of symptoms chat bear a complex-there are many different types of bacteria," he says. Finding out which types Diseases. striking resemblance to the HLA-B27- The Malpighi award is named in honor of associaced human disorders. These symp- of bacteria trigger arthritis in these rats, and just how these bacteria contribute to che Italian scientist Marcello Malpighi toms include joint inflammation, inflamma­ (1628-1694), the first person co describe the tion of the intestine, skin and nail lesions disease process, is the next step. "This gives us a system where we can reduce the vari­ glomeruli and tubules of the kidneys. that resemble psoriasis, and male genital Malpighi, who invented the microscope, was inflammation. ables. We have gone from a highly complex system ro one where we can introduce a noted anatomise, and is considered one of The HLA-B27 gene is the molecular the fathers of modern renal pathology. D blueprint cells use to build the HLA-B27 defined types of bacteria one by one and try protein. All cells of an individual bear a ro reproduce the disease. If we can do chis characteristic sec of HLA protein markers, or successfully, then we will have made major Skin Diseases Committee Meets progress," says Taurog. tissue types, which play a crucial role in On Thursday, Jan. 12, Dr. Roger D. Cone, Once they find the specific types of bacteria control and function of the immune system. a scientist with the Vollum Institute for that trigger arthritis, the researchers plan to Scientists have known since 1973 chat a large Advanced Biomedical Research, Oregon study the immune response to these bacteria number of patients with spondyloarchro­ Health Sciences University, will discuss in HLA-B27 rats and in normal rats. A pachies carry the HLA-B27 gene. In chat "Agouti and Extension: The Yin and Yang of variety of experiments in animals and in the year, researchers reported chat over 90 G-protein Signalling in Mammalian Pigmen­ test rube can be done to get at the mechanism percent of patients with ankylosing tation" at a meeting of the skin diseases by which bacteria trigger disease. Finding spondylitis have chis tissue type. From 50 _ interagency coordinating committee. The this out could lead to development of highly percent to 80 percent of patients wi ch other lecture will be held in Bldg. 31, Conf. Rm. 8, specific treatments to prevent arthritis and types of spondyloarthropathy also carry chis from 1 :30 to 4 p.m. For more information, intestinal inflammation in people who carry marker. In contrast, only about 8 percent of call Sharon Louis, 6-0801. D the general population have the HLA-B27 the HLA-B27 gene. D The Record page4 January 3, 1995

REENGINEERING ribbon steering group. Endorsed by the RAG that people are really positive about (Continued from Page 1) and received enthusiastically by the ICD reengineering. They see it as a way ro direcrors, NIH' s first administrative redefine what they do and it's real exciting ro With the agency facing a projected 15 reengineering project joins other NIH efforts them." percent reduction in full-time employees ro streamline. For OFM, reengineering also presents an (FTEs)-mandated by a presidential "It's important to note that this is a opportunity co grow creatively, Little noted. executive order-NIH's resource allocation complementary effort to other reinvention Although no additional FTEs can be group (RAG) recommended restructuring activities around NIH," Risso observed, allocated, she said, some of che employees NIH's administrative processes. "especially in the extramural area and in the from streamlined areas may be able ro be The RAG report to NIH director Dr. intramural science area. Dr. Baldwin and Dr. retrained for new functions-auditing, Harold Varmus indicated that NIH is Gottesman have already begun to examine systems, or customer service units, for "administrative-intensive," that some similar proposals." centralized functions could be streamlined One of che steering committee's first tasks ""Weare going to sp�rk the rest and that some decentralized efforts are was to contract for reengineering expertise. repetitive and therefore wasteful. Employed successfully by a number of ofNIH into seeing the positive The team is determined ro avoid a common household-word private enterprises such as aspectsof streamlining... This mistake: developing and employing com­ Ford Motors, Bell Atlantic and GE, puter systems before evaluating basic reengineering and its coordination are now pi{ot ?foup isgoing to enhance :;. administrative procedures. That approach, big business. Several companies jumped at everybpdy's motivation to typical 20 years ago, places the cart before the chance to usher NIH through the process, . ,, but unlike any of the other reengtne(!r, contractors vying for NIH's venture, Martin-Marietta had example-required by law of her office, but first-hand, internal experience currently insufficiently or not staffed. with reengineering. Mahoney "I have to make do with the FTEs I have," said that qualification above she said. "This is what reengineering means, others tipped the scales in the freeing up staffand staff hours, so that I can corporation's favor. redirect them to necessary areas. This is a "Martin-Marietta learned by way to create staff." reengineering themselves," he Mahoney said that during the question and said, "and then they marketed answer period when reengineering was reengineering. I was particu­ introduced to OFM employees, some did NIH's first reengineering team is tackling accounts payable larly impressed that the express concerns about what reengineering procedures. Team members include (seated, ftom I) Anita fundamentals they teach are meant for them and their jobs in the long Bowrin, Penny Strong, Kathy Hall and Joyce Peeke; (standing, the result of lessons they've run. He said Little answered them forth­ ftom I) Deon Johnson, Tony Sambataro, Laura McNay, George learned on themselves." rightly. Dobenecker, Sandra Logan, Jeanne DeAngelis and Joyce Lee. The OFM pilot team, part of "We have to organize the work so that we phase-! reengineering, began can work within the ceilings we've been the horse and simply computerizes many dissecting NIH's accounts payable procedures given," he said. "At the same time, we have inefficiencies. This time, basic procedures are last November. Eventually other aspects of to take into account the very real and human being studied from "scratch," after which NIH's business side-procurement and needs of our employees. The RAG and the automation will be applied. inventory, for instance-will undergo each of ICD directors are very committed to the NIH "The key to reengineering is that you four reengineering phases as well. The policy-a longstanding policy-that no one change the process and then you auromate project will take an estimated 2'12 years to is going to be separated from NIH who is that change," explained Jack Mahoney, senior complete. performing [his or her] job satisfactorily. advisor ro the NIH director and cochair of According to Mahoney, accounts payable "Obviously," he reiterated, "NIH has to be NIH's reengineering steering committee. was chosen to be examined first for several able to operate efficiently within the FTEs "What often happens is that organizations important reasons: Number one, the that we've been allocated. The community is have a way of automating the process as it payment of bills is obviously an essential and expecting an increased level of services with exists. They end up doing something badly, visible function. Secondly, it is personnel­ fewer FTEs-that is the reality." faster, instead of correcting the process, and intensive. The deciding factor, though, was OFM has already faced this reality. Since automating it so that it is done better, faster. its people. Little began in its acting directorship about a That is the key distinction between "More important than anything was the year and a half ago, the office has steadily reengineering and the way organizations often leadership of Francine Little [acting OFM reduced its number of FTEs. Those positions do business. We want to make the work director] and Penny Strong [OFM assistant will not be replaced, yet workloads grow or simpler, since we will have fewer FTEs in the director for finance]," Mahoney said. "They remain constant. Little said reengineering future. In that sense, we need to do 'less with recognized the potential for improvement and represents the best chance to downsize in a less.'" have been very vigorous in advocating the positive way and she intends to use it fully. To spearhead NIH's administrative need for reengineering." "This will be what is known as a quick-win reengineering project, an oversight committee Little said hosting the pilot team was situation," Little predicted. "We are going to cochaired by Mahoney and Bill Risso, DCRT mutually beneficial for both her individual spark the rest of NIH into seeing the positive deputy director, was formed last spring. office and NIH as a whole. aspects of streamlining. We represent the Nineteen other members-including NIH "The accounts payable function has great ideal conditions. We are a central, highly deputy directors for intramural and extramu­ impact on the NIH community," Little said, visible operation with a large number (about ral research, associate directors for research "but it is sometimes unappreciated. As a 80) of people being affected. If we can do services and administration, direcrors of result, morale is sometimes a little low. this well, they'll look at us and say, 'Hey, NIH's offices of human resources, equal When I made the announcement that they did ir. Everything worked out fine.' opportunity and financial management, reengineering was coming about 9 months This pilot group is going to enhance several ICD executive officers and a 4- ago ac an all-hands meeting, I wasn't sure everybody's motivation to reengineer." 0 member resource staff-comprise the blue- how it would be received. What I found was The Record page 5 January 3, 1995

Consensus Panel Endorses Total Hip Replacement By Judith Wortman consensus panel conven�d by NIH that minimize wear. only incorporate medical evaluation but also Arecently declared that total hip Improvements in technique have improved include the patient's perception of success replacement (THR) is one of the most the outcome of THR. For example, newer and quality of life. successful surgical procedures and provides cementing techniques have achieved a more The good news about THR surgery was immediate and substantial improvement in a secure fit of the prosthesis, and the porous expressed by Dr. Joseph Lane, a panel patient's pain, mobility, and quality of life. coating in a cementless procedure has member and chairman of the department of Compared to treatments for other chronic resulted in generally good fixation. Coatings orthopaedic surgery at the UCLA School of debilitating diseases, THR is highly cost such as hydroxyapatite applied to implant Medicine. He said THR can "take a person effective. surfaces to enhance fixation are a new who is markedly disabled, who can barely More than 800,000 artificial hip joints have technology still under investigation. The walk more than a block or two, and make been implanted in Americans since the panel particularly highlighted the effective­ that person a useful citizen, independent, introduction of the surgery in the United ness of a cemented femoral component and a functional and pain-free-able to do all the States around 1970. The number of TH Rs porous-coated acetabular component for a activities of life." D performed annually has risen to 120,000, a first-time THR. 64 percent increase over the number reported Modular components have also been at a similar consensus conference on total hip introduced in THR to provide options for a replacement held by NIH in 1982. more tailored fit to the patient and to reduce A total hip replacement currently lasts 10 to the need to maintain a large inventory of 15 years. "Today's implants are quite durable implants. However, the panel noted chat and there's reason ro expect that someday reports of corrosion within the modular pans artificial hips will last as long as 30 years," are of concern and that the use of modular said Dr. David G. Murray, professor and components merits further study. chairman of orthopaedic surgery at the State The problem of osteolysis is likely to University of New York Health Sciences decline in the future as progress is made in Center in Syracuse. He chaired the panel at design and selection of prosthetic devices that the conference, sponsored by NIAMS and the minimize surface wear. Because particle Office of Medical Applications of Research. development and shedding can occur any In THR surgery, diseased or damaged bone time after a THR procedure, but is more in the top, ball-shaped portion of the thigh likely with increasing time, the consensus bone (femur) is removed; a canal is drilled panel recommended that the THR patient be into the remaining shaft of the bone and a examined periodically, using appropriate x­ new artificial ball component is inserted. rays, throughout life. Such followup fosters NIEHS director Dr. Kenneth Olden has been The ball fits into a cup inserted into a early identification of osteolysis and other elected to membership in the Institute of reamed-out portion of the pelvis (the indicators of impending failure and permits Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences. acetabulum). Both components work institution of treatment or revision before The membership of the institute is broadly together to support weight and permit a total loss of function. based in the biomedical sciences and health functional range of motion. The panel noted racial and economic professions, and related disciplines; members The primary indications for THR are pain disparities in total hip replacement. These conduct studies of specific issues and contribute and disability, usually accompanied by x-ray may reflect differences in access or referral of their knowledge and judgment to development evidence of joint disease. There is a broad groups of patients. Possible gender bias was offindings and formulation of recommenda­ span of ages among today's THR patients. another problem area identified by the panel. tions, most of which relate to public policy. While the majority of THRs are still The older age of female patients and the fact The panel is concerned with protection and performed in older patients, more surgeries that many more women than men walk with advancement of the health professions and are being done now than ever before in an assistive device before THR may indicate sciences, promotion of health research and younger patients. THR is most commonly that the procedure is being performed at a development, and improvement of health care. performed in men between 65 and 74 and more advanced state in women. Research is women between 75 and 84 years of age. needed to understand the cause of the Cell Cycle Group Meets disparities and to devise remedies. Unlike in the past, advanced age, presence of The NIH Cell Cycle Interest Group, some other diseases, and moderate obesity are Despite improvements in THR success formed to facilitate communication no longer considered contraindications to the rate, extending the procedure to younger patients who are likely to be more active will between scientists working at NIH and surgery. nearby institutions who are interested in Even complica­ result in an increase in wear of che prosthesis, though the incidences of the cell cycle and related problems, will tions such as infection, blood clots, and thus increasing che need for revisions (reoperations). The results of revised THR meet next on Jan. 10 in Bldg. 60 (The fractures of the implant have been reduced Cloister), Rm. 142 at 12:30 p.m. Dr. since the last consensus conference, loosening have generally been found to be inferior to those of first-time procedures. Additionally, Mike Kastan of Johns Hopkins University of the devices following osteolysis (dissolu­ will speak on "Modulation of p53- tion of bone) is still of major concern. revision surgery is more complex than a first­ time procedure and requires considerable Mediated Cell Cycle Arrest and Previously, this problem was attributed to Apoptosis." For more information on the particles from cement used to secure the technical expertise, a wider array of surgical interest group or scheduled events, send implant. However, the consensus panel options, and a more supportive and skilled health care team. your name, telephone number, fax number, concluded that osteolysis also derives from and mailing and e-mail addresses to either microscopic particles that come from Preoperative planning and a well-focused program of education and training in Patrick O'Connor (Bldg. 37, Rm. 5Cl9, materials, such as polyethylene, used in phone 6-3269, fax 2-0752, e-mail implants. The panel suggested remedies to activities of daily living may lead to improved postoperative outcome. More patient­ O'[email protected]) or Mary reduce complications from debris particles Dasso (Bldg. 18, Rm. 101, phone 2-1555, including the selection of prosthetic parts specific outcome studies are needed that not fax 2-0078, email [email protected]). The Record page 6 January 3, 1995

VISIBLE MAN (Continued from Page 1) who wish to access the data-expected to be predominancly medical schools and research­ ers-will need up to 2 weeks of uninterrupted Internet time and 15 gigabytes of computer storage space. Although there is no charge for accessing the data, users will be required co sign a licensing agreement with NLM scaring how che information will be used. "The Visible Man will be made available free co chose who suggest promising uses for che data and who have sufficient computer storage space," said Dr. Michael Ackerman, the Visible Human Project coordinator. (Ackerman, previously acting director of NLM's division of specialized information services, was recently named assistant director for health and biomedical programs of the national coordination office for high performance computing and communica­ tions, a mulciagency program headed by Lindberg and located at NLM.)

Background The Visible Human Project has its roots in the library's 1986 long-range plan, which recommended chat NLM should "thoroughly and systematically investigate the technical requirements forand feasibility of instituting a biomedical images library." It encouraged NLM to consider building and disseminating medical image libraries much the same way it provides access to the biomedical literature. It foresaw a coming era where the library's bibliographic and factual database services The VisibleMan compiles cross-section images to form an atlas of the human body. would be complemented by libraries of digital images, distributed over high-speed computer pioneered by principal investigators Dr. man-made body parts and testing various networks and by high-capacity physical Victor Spitzer, assistant professor, depart­ types of medical treatments, the researchers media. ments of radiology and cellular and structural said. Early in 1989, under the direction of the biology; and Dr. David Whiclock, professor, For more information, contact Ackerman board of regents, an ad hoc planning panel department of cellular and structural biology, via e-mail: [email protected] or by phone, was convened to explore the proper role for University of Colorado Health Sciences 2-4100.0 NLM in the rapidly changing field of Center. electronic imaging. Afrer much deliberation, As each cross-sectional slice was removed Herpes Vaccine Study Recruits the NLM planning panel on electronic image from the cadaver, the surfaces were photo­ Healthy women age 18 or older are sought libraries made the following recommenda­ graphed. The digital photographs were to participate in a research study of an tion: "NLM should undertake a first project stacked and programmed into an imaging experimental vaccine for prevention of genital building a digital image library of volumetric computer along with the data acquired from herpes. Volunteers are needed who do not data representing a complete, normal adult the radiological studies. themselves have genital herpes, but who are male and female. This Visible Human "Reconstructions of the data can be rotated in a stable relationship with a partner who is Project will include digitized photographic in space, viewed in any plane, dissected and known co have the disease. Both partners images for cryoseccioning, digital images reassembled," said Spitzer. "In the future, will be screened to confirm eligibility. Pay is derived from computerized tomography, and any anatomical part can be extracted from the $250 for completion of the trial. For more confidential information, call 6-1836. 0 digital m:gnetic resonance images of body and viewed separately. Structures such cadavers. as blood vessels can be followed throughout A contract co create these images was the body and their relationship to other Winter Golf Lessons . Offered awarded by NLM in August 1991 co the structures, such as organs and bones, can be An indoor golf instruction program will be University of Colorado Health Sciences seen.'' offered at NIH beginning Monday, Feb. 6 at Center in Denver. The data will be a powerful educational 5 p.m. and Thursday, Feb. 9 at 4:30 p.m. The Visible Man was created with digitized tool for students and it also can make an The R&W program, "Winter Golf," consists data compiled from che body of a 39-year-old important contribution to medical research, of a 6-week session of golf instruction under man who was convicted of murder and said Whitlock. "Cancer researchers, for the direction of 17-year PGA golf profes­ executed by lethal injection. The donor body example, might introduce a mathematical sional Mark Diley. Classes meet once a week was imaged from head to toe using computed model of abnormal cell growth into the for an hour. Cost is $90, but members of the tomography, magnetic resonance, and x-rays. Visible Man and follow it to see how a cancer NIH Golf League gee a 10 percent discount. It was then embedded in gelatin, frozen, and grows in the body." Monday class is for beginners; Thursday is for sliced crosswise into more than 1,800 micro­ The data also will be helpful in planning intermediate to advanced. Classes are in chin slices, using a laser-guided technique surgery, designing artificial hips and other Bldg. 10. Call 564-3041 or 6-6061. 0 The Record page 7 January 3, 1995

KING PROGRAM (Continued from Page 1) Rall Visits at NIEHS, Emphasizes Animal Testing 31, 38A, 29A, 36, 13, Twinbrook, EPS, By Thomas Hawkins Westwood, Solar, and Federal co encourage "Prevention (of disease) is not very to move again, after many years, on regulat­ employees to donate canned food, usable exciting," Dr. David P. Rall, former NIEHS ing chemicals based on animal studies, and he clothing, and ocher items. Employees also director, said at the beginning of a presenta­ asserted chat few if any chemicals have been may bring their donations co the Visitor tion on his first return to che institute since studied under TSCA (Toxic Substances Information Center in Bldg. 10 on Jan. 13. �etiring i� 1990 after 19 years as director. Control Ace), which was legislation supposed Ocher needed items include grocery store gift You don t get co require industry co do toxicology testing certificates, stamps and envelopes, Metro any kudos from on its own products before they were released passes, personal care products, housewares your patients into the environment. and household items and school supplies. All whom you've "The real problem is that most chemicals donations will be distributed co homeless protected from haven't been studied," he said. shelters in Montgomery County and sure death. You Rall noted that animal studies must serve as Washington, D.C. don't even know a primary cool of prevention. Epidemiology For more information about the program whom you've studies, while valuable, often provide or donations, call O .H. Laster of NIH' s helped. Bue information "25 years too late." However, Office of Equal Opportunity, 6-6302. Sign prevention of molecular biologists are improving epidemiol­ language interpretation will be provided. For disease is a cask ogy and making it a better predictive cool. reasonable accommodation, call OEO's that ultimately Use of chemical structures to predict toxicity Carlton Coleman, 2-3663. 0 must be done." is getting better, but is still not useful in Rall delivered Dr. David P. Rall finding the first chemical in a particular series his lecture, "The to cause toxicity. Short-term tests such as the Importance of Animal Testing in Safety Ames test are extremely valuable but provide Evaluation," as the first visiting scientist for limited information. Rall said current studies the Duke/UNC/NIEHS Clinical Training indicate that beginning the dosing of rats and Program, part of a larger collaborative effort mice earlier in studies, and increasing the launched in 1993 co develop a world-class length of studies so animals would be clinical center for environmental health followed for around 30 months, would be sciences research. On his visit to the valuable improvements in current protocols. Research Triangle Park area, he also gave a "Very young rats are much more sensitive," grand rounds presentation at Duke Medical he said. Center. The visiting scientist program will Among challenges for the future, Rall noted bring five internationally recognized environ­ that combination toxicity-looking at the mental health scientists co the collaborating synergism between environmental agents-is institutions each year. "frightfully difficult and horribly expensive, Ac NIEHS, Rall dismissed arguments of but simply has co be done." He also singled those in the field of comparative risk out the problem of mercury in freshwater assessment, and others, who say chat disease lakes and streams, and its subsequent prevention is too expensive. "I chink we can appearance in game and food fish; in some Dr. Albert]. Hudspeth (l) of the University of find holes in these arguments, judging from instances, this mercury may come from coal­ Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas past work by these authors," he quipped. fired plants burning coal that contains meets with Dr. James B. Snow, Jr., NIDCD Early in his career, Rall was among the mercury. Another emerging issue, Rall director, at the NIDCD Anniversary Lecture researchers developing cures for childhood noted, is the discovery of the major role in held recently. Hudspeth 's lecture, entitled, leukemia at the National Cancer Institute, health effects of fine particulates, a previously "How Hearing Happens: Mechanoelectrical before he came co NIEHS. "These treat­ neglected or underestimated component of Transduction, Frequency Tuning, and Synaptic ments cost hundreds of thousands of dollars; air pollution. 0 Transmission, "focused on the movement of the illnesses and che treatment cause untold sensory receptors in the inner ear called hair pain and suffering for patients. And the NIH'er's Art Featured at CC cells. likelihood that patients will encounter cancer A collection of paintings by Mitzi Yater in later years is increased. Far better to Fuller, who works in NIH's Office of Motility Interest Group Forming prevent the disease in the first place. Communications, OD, will be on display An NIH-wide Motility Interest Group is Preventing exposures is really the way co go, through Feb. 28 in being formed to bring together intramural yet it's really very difficult. You use predic­ researchers studying how cells and the tive toxicology co identify compounds which Gallery Three at the Clinical Center. molecules and organelles within cells move. are present but which can be removed from Fuller, who works in This interest group seeks to foster fruitful the environment." the Editorial Operations interactions among the many intramural Rall showed slides illustrating in quantified Branch, admires the scientists who use a variety of techniques and terms chat only a small percentage of work of the approaches co study cell motility in different cosmetics, food additives, pesticides and Postimpressionists-Bonnard, Vuillard, systems and at different levels of organiza­ ocher chemicals have been adequately studied Toulouse-Lautrec and Prendergast. "I like tion. The group's introductory meeting will for their health effects, and chat of chose their fresh brushstrokes, the application of be held Jan. 10 at 4 p.m. in the Bunim Rm., studied and found co have health effects in animals, less than half have been regulated. seemingly random dabs of color which cause Bldg. 10, Rm. 9S235. Dr. Edward Korn of the figure or object to 'melt' into the NHLBI will present an informal seminar He noted chat these figures contradict the background," she says. entitled, "Amoeba Myosins: Structure, insistence by some chat "mouse hysteria" Her exhibit, titled "Figures in a Land­ Regulation and Cell Function." The seminar causes regulators co ban everything based on scape," was selected by jury for inclusion in will be followed by a mingling, refreshment, limited evidence from animal studies. and sign-up period. 0 He stated that only recently has EPA begun the Clinical Center Galleries. 0 The Record page 8 January 3, 1995

BIG LEADERSHIP CHANGES HANDS group had changed. NIH management had What that meant was every month we (Continued from Page 1) responded to ocher BIG concerns over the planned an activity with the family, which formally takes the BIG mantle in an installa­ years by launching a series of studies, surveys, included a mother and seven children." tion service on Jan. 17. advisory groups and committees. BIG BIG arranged activities that ranged from Chapter leaders during the last 2 tumultu­ members felt these efforts were being used things most families take forgranted such as ous years, neither Thomas nor Givens expects more to disprove previous findings of cleaning the house and swapping outgrown the organization to miss a step during inequity than to address the matters. As a clothes, to field trips and tutoring sessions. transition. In a recent interview, Givens result of what was seen as inaction, Thomas "The chapter went all out in terms of support voiced a mutual thought: "There is plenty recalled, overall patience seemed to wane and for this one family," Thomas said. "We really more work to be done. There are some issues frustration spread among the ranks of BIG. wanted to do something more personal than that we just can't let slide." Many felt the time for quiet negotiation was the canned-food banks and toy drives we had From Humble Beginnings ... over. done in the past. We're extremely proud of Five months into Thomas's second term, the way that effort turned out." In 1982, a group of Black NIH employees after about 6 months of new appeals to the gathered to form their own chapter of a Not Resting on Its Laurels NIH administration, HHS officials and national organization called BIG that today Congress, BIG teamed with Montgomery Before Thomas decided not to run for a claims more than 200 chapters in 11 regions County's chapter of the National Association third term, he and chapter officials prepared a in the United States and several other for the Advancement of Colored People to list of 26 concerns that they felt needed to be countries. Incorporated in 1976, national host the first of several rallies in front of addressed imminently by the NIH adminis­ BIG's goals, according to organization Bldg. 1 in May 1993. Many of the seven tration. The list included many of the literature, are "to promote equity in all concerns-nonselection, nontenure of Black concerns from 13 years ago, but several aspects of American life, excellence in public scientists; backlogged EEO complaints; important ones had been added. Along with service, and opportunity for all Americans." limited career advancement opportunity for the glow of BIG's past success, incoming Armed with that mandate, the newly minorities-raised originally by a fledgling president Givens has inherited oversight of chartered NIH group identified seven major BIG in 1982 were as yet unresolved 11 years this list and responsibility for further action workplace concerns and met in 1982 with later. In addition, new allegations of racial on it. then-NIH director Dr. James B. Wyngaarden discrimination and sexual harassment One of the most troubling issues on the list, to discuss them. According to Thomas, the surfaced. The event drew media coverage as Givens said, involves the NIH police. seven issues discussed were (1) few opportu­ well as renewed attention from NIH and "We've had a number of complaints from nities available for career advancement; (2) HHS officials and Capitol Hill. The rallies African American employees about how nonselection, non tenure of Black scientists; had not been the first choice of handling the they've been treated by the NIH police," she (3) erosion of Blacks in some administrative concerns, Thomas pointed out, but they said, outlining a BIG plan for addressing the and managerial positions throughout NIH; proved effective. issue. "We've asked that there be an all­ (4) lack of funding for research activities at "If that's what it takes to move a bureau­ hands information forum so that people historically Black colleges and universities; cracy like this," he explained, "then we will would have an understanding of the authority (5) lack of a coordinated effort to address use any means necessary." of NIH police. We don't think that's asking minority health issues; (6) little opportunity The rallies also accomplished something a lot. We want to avoid any tragedy. It for Blacks to participate in research protocols else: They helped BIG forge influential would be effective for all employees, not just at the Clinical Center; and (7) a backlogged coalitions with NAACP officials and African Americans." and "broken" EEO complaint system. members of Congress, partnerships that A 20-plus-year NIH veteran, Thomas The administration's response, Thomas Thomas lists among BIG's proudest achieve­ explained that, in years past, the campus recalled, was denial that most of the concerns ments during his presidency. police force performed mainly basic security had any merit within the agency. BIG took "The coalition we built with the NAACP guard functions. Gradually, he said, their its concerns to Capitol Hill the same year. has strengthened our impact on campus," authority has grown to full-fledged federal Using statistical data gathered by NIH, Thomas commented, also noting that BIG police status. However, NIH employees have Thomas said, BIG showed workplace now counts several congressional representa­ never been informed officially of the changes. disparities among the races here. Stricter tives-Democrat as well as Republican­ As a result, he said, some older perceptions of oversight by Congress was recommended and among its advocates. the police have remained. put in place after the hearings. Reflecting on the past 2 years, Thomas "As the NIH population," Thomas said, Over the next 3 to 4 years, progress on the recalled a number of other successes during "we need to understand what our rights are. issues was incremental: a Black Employment his term. An easy solution would be to send out an Program manager position was added within "For the second time in its short history, NIH-wide letter to all employees explaining NIH's Office of Equal Opportunity; the NIH the NIH chapter received the Distinguished [NIH police] authority." Office of Minority Health Research was Service Award-the highest honor bestowed Aside from ushering the 26-item list created, with an NIH associate director for by the national organization. We established through NIH channels, Givens has fresh ideas research on minority health to direct it; and, a scholarship fund-with approximately for the direction of BIG that include two African American scientists were tenured $1,500 initially-for African American development of SAM, Strategies for African and a third was put on the tenure track. students, something this chapter had never American Men. At NIH, Black male During those early years, Thomas was done before. We had a very active youth employees account for the highest separation elected to a 2-year vice presidential term. program in which we worked with stay-in­ rate among agency minority personnel. In Midway through it, however, BIG's president schools and other young interns at NIH to other words, more Black men leave their NIH left office and Thomas ascended to the top orient them while they were here for the jobs more often and sooner than any other job in 1984. Then he was reelected for 2 summer, and more importantly for the long workforce group. Givens said BIG wants to more years. Although leadership was shifting term, to encourage them to think about discover the reasons for the trend and ways to within, the organization's ultimate goals careers in federal service. reverse it. remained true. "In terms of community outreach," he "What it means is that even when we've Going Public, Getting Results continued, "the chapter made a commitment been successful at recruiting them, we're By late 1992, Thomas-succeeding Dr. to adopt a family [i':l fall 1993]. The effort losing them," she said. "They are an James Moone-had again been elected BIG wasn't just for the Thanksgiving and important element in the workforce that we president, but the optimistic character of che Christmas holidays. but for the entire year. should be interested in retaining." The Record page 9 January 3, 1995

Other Givens initiatives for the coming 2 Employee Brings Music to NIEHS Cafeteria years include establishing a BIG alumni Susan Johnson thought the only way co school bands or orchestras to call upon, she subcommittee for retirees who still wish to be improve che lakeside ambiance of the NIEHS invited the Cary Music School to send active; developing a leadership training cafeteria was to add music, and when she cold students to perform. With the school year program to groom young people for top BIG her friends, they advised her to submit an approaching, she arranged to send the positions; and formulating a BIG mechanism employee suggestion. She did, and received a institute bus to transport school musical to disseminate information on AIDS research coffee mug in recognition-and a memo groups to and from their performances. and treatment throughout minority commu­ saying it was a Where does she find nities. All told, Givens foresees a jam-packed wonderful idea and she time co do chis? "This agenda during her tenure. was in charge of is how I spend my "Vince has been a strong leader," she said. implementing it. A flexitime day off," she "I hope to follow in his footsteps." little startled, bur by reports. She plans to "My terms as president have been a labor of no means stymied, recruit school groups love," Thomas concluded. "It truly has been Johnson soon had the once they've had a an honor to serve che number one BIG cafeteria ringing with chance to form and chapter in the nation. We have a lot to be music, with new plans practice for several thankful for." D shaping up. weeks. In the mean­ Johnson, who works time, some lunchtime Reinvention Touches CMAC in the Division of concerts aren't planned, Streamlining and reinvention were the Intramural Research, but simply occur when focus of a retreat held recently by the has worked for the someone sits down at contract management advisory committee Voice of America the piano and plays a (CMAC) in Durham, N.C., hosted by music branch, where few tunes during lunch. NIEHS. Attending were Dr. Leamon Lee, she helped arrange "Everyone performing NIH associate director for administration, concerts, so the idea of understands that chis is the chief concractin g officers from various lining up musical a lunchroom and that ICDs, and representatives from the Division talent wasn't foreign to people come and go, of Contracts and Grants and the Office of her. As a child, she and talk," Johnson said. Acquisition Management. played violin for a "Bur the response from At the retreat, participants considered the time, and her son Susan Johnson brings music to NIEHS. both the musicians and changing role of CMAC; streamlining the Reggie, 12, has been the employee audience acquisition process; review of the service selected as outstanding band student in his has been terrific. Ir just adds a very special center concept presented to the ICD age group. atmosphere to what is already an especially directors by the NIH resource allocation Her first step was to ask some of the known beautiful setting." group last summer; and further use of employee musicians ro play lunchtime gigs at Dr. Kenneth Olden, NIEHS director, said, automatic data processing. the cafeteria. At the same time she arranged "Ms. Johnson has really taken chis from an Some of the action items include: revising to have the institute purchase an electronic idea through to realization. People have the CMAC charter to reflect new roles piano with a full-size keyboard, as well as a contributed talent and time, but she's kept it resulting from reinvention and streamlining selection of instrument voices. moving. What a good idea to share with all activities; streamlining the acquisition Since it was summer, and there were no of her fellow employees. "-Thomas Hawkins D process over the next 3 years with the goal of achieving a reduction in the contract award Pruitt Named NIDDK Equal Employment Opportunity Manager leadtime; and making more use of automatic Rose E. Pruitt has been named NIDDK's Pruitt comes to NIDDK from the Depart­ data processing such as making the request equal employment manager. In announcing ment of Labor, where she served as senior for proposals available through Gopher. her appointment, NIDDK director Dr. equal opportunity specialist in che Office of Several subcommittees will be formed by Phillip Gorden Federal Contract Compliance Programs. CMAC in order to work on the action items; said, "Rose Pruitt Previously at the Department of Labor, she all acquisition personnel will be invited to brings to this was a program policy analyst in the Office of work with them. D important position Policy Management and Analysis, where she a background in prepared reports for the assistant secretary of Women Volunteers Sought science and in employment standards administration. She NIMH needs women between ages 20 and management that began her career at che Department of che 40 for a study of brain function and struc­ will contribute Army's Cost and Economic Analysis Center ture, using PET and MRI techniques. The greatly co her as an operations research analyse in the Office PET scan involves exposure to an amount of leadership of the of the Assistant Secretary for Financial radiation that is within both NIH and FDA EEO program of Management. guidelines. Study cakes place on the Bethesda the NIDDK and of Pruitt received her B.S. degree in biology campus. Volunteers will be paid. If the NIH." from Creighton University in Omaha, and Pruitt will advise her M.B.A. from Long Island University in interested, call 2-3682. D Rose Pruitt the director and Brookville, N.Y. D senior staff of all EEO regulatory changes Normal Volunteers Needed within the federal government and make Retired Scientists Wanted recommendations concerning any necessary Retired scientists are sought for a part-time Normal volunteers are needed for a sleep/ action. She also will manage the institute's position indexing for Medline. Work at MRI study. Participation involves sleeping at equal employment opportunity and affirma­ home after 3-month training at NLM. the NIH campus for two nights in che winter tive action programs and direct the minority Knowledge of molecular or cell biology, and two nights in the summer. Ir may also and female recruitment program. In immunology, neuroscience, genetics or other involve two MRI scans. Volunteers will be addition, she will serve as liaison to the NIH preclinical subjects urgently needed. For reimbursed. Call NIMH's Clinical Psychobi­ Officeof Equal Opportunity. information, call Beth van Lenten, 6-6766. D ology Branch, 6-0500. D The Record page 10 January 3, 1995

Retired NIDDK Chemist Bernard Kaufman Is Mourned The NIH Life Sciences Dr. Bernard T. Kaufman, a retired inhibits folic acid metabolism by blocking Education research chemise in NIDDK's Laboratory of dihydrofolace reduccase. Connection Cellular and Developmental Biology, died In 1982, he became chief of che section of cancer on Nov. 19. He was 66 years old on nutritional biochemistry in che Labora­ The fall session of che Biomedical Research and lived in Potomac, Md. tory of Cellular Advancement: Saturday Scholars (BRASS) Kaufman, known as Toby co his friends and Develop­ program ended recencly with a graduation and coworkers, was born in Richmond, Va. mental ceremony at the Cloister. He received his B.S. degree in chemistry Biology, a During the 6-week program, 28 seventh and his M.S. degree in biochemistry from position he graders from Browne Junior High School in che University of Virginia in 1947 and held until his D.C. and Gaithersburg Middle School 1949, respectively. In 1957, he received his retirement in studied hematology, genetics, cancer, AIDS, Ph.D. in biological chemistry from che June 1993. In and animal research. They learned by University of California, Los Angeles. He recent years, listening co guest scientist presentations, was awarded an American Cancer Society che focus of his doing hands-on laboratory activities, and postdoctoral fellowship at Brandeis research caking special tours of NIH facilities. U niversicy co pursue basic research in included biochemistry under che sponsorship of Dr. collaborative On graduation day, students' parents Dr. Bernard T Kaufman toured the NIH campus, then returned co the Nathan 0. Kaplan. studies with Cloister co see some of the laboratory He joined NIDDK (then che National investigators at research centers throughout activities the students were engaged in Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic the United Scates on the physical and throughout the BRASS course and listen co a Diseases) in 1960 as a research chemise in chemical properties of dihydrofolace "press conference" the students gave about the Laboratory of Nutricion and Endocri­ reduccase. the program. The graduation ceremony was nology (LNE). His research focused on che Kaufman was a member of che American highlighted by the appearance of Dr. Thomas functions and enzyme pathways of folic Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Malone, who gave an inspiring commence­ acid, an important B vitamin. In collabora­ Biology, the American Association for che ment address. Malone served NIH from tion with Dr. V.F. Kemerer, a postdoctoral Advancement of Science, and the American 1962 co 1986 in various positions, including fellow, he developed an innovative method Chemical Society. He was also cited in deputy director. using affinity chromatography co isolate and American Men and Women in Science. The BRASS students will continue co learn purify dihydrofolace reduccase, an enzyme In addition co his professional activities, about and explore science back ac their home chat helps che body use folic acid. his interests included music and gardening schools, where BRASS clubs have been In 1967, he became chief of che LNE' s and garden design. He was also quite fond formed. The students will meet regularly, do section on vitamin metabolism where he of puns. science experiments and activities, and go on continued his research on dihydrofolate Survivors include his wife, Ann, of science-related field trips. reductase, characterizing its structure and Potomac, three sons, James of Bowie, The Office of Science Education Policy is studying its activation and inhibition Joshua of Rockville, and Michael of New on the run. The office moved Dec. 12 from activity. These important studies led co the Boston, N.H., three grandchildren, a sister, Executive Plaza South down che street co observation chat mechotrexace, one of che Charlotte K. Schlosberg of Chevy Chase, 6100 Executive Blvd., Rm. 5H01. The earliest effective anticancer drugs, strongly and a brother, Malvern, of Detroit. telephone number (2-2469) and fax number (2-3034) remain the same. D NINDS's Igor Klatzo Closes Federal Career After 38 Years of Service Dr. Igor Klaczo, a senior scientist in the important ideas and observations chat have far Transport Mechanisms, Neurotransmitters NINDS Stroke Branch, recencly retired, inspired and guided attitudes, opinions, and in Cerebral Coma and Stroke, and Maturation ending a 38-year career of service in the NIH concepts about cerebrovascular disease," said Phenomenon in Cerebral lschemia. community. NINDS director Throughout his career he received many He began his NINDS career in 1956 as Dr. Zach Hall in awards and honors including the Nicholas head of che clinical neucopachology section of a congratulatory Copernicus Medal from the Polish Academy the Surgical Neurology Branch. Since then letter co Klaczo. of Sciences in 1990, and an honorary he has held many positions within the "Indeed, you have doctorate degree from the University of institute including chief of che Laboratory of been a leader and Poznan, Poland, in 1993. Neuropathology and Neuroanacomical trendsetter in che Although Klaczo has retired, he plans co Sciences, and senior scientist and head of the field." continue his research interests, both nation­ section of cerebrovascular pachophysiology in Klaczo was born ally and internationally, through collaborative the Stroke Branch. in Sc. Petersburg, research projects. His immediate retirement During Klaczo's distinguished career, he Russia, in 1916. plans, however, include traveling toFlorida gained high esteem and international He received his in his newly purchased state-of-the-arc mobile prominence for his extensive work in the medical degree home.-Shannon E. Garnett D areas of blood-brain barrier disruption, from che U niver- Dr. Igor Klatzo edema, and ocher pachophysiologic mecha- sicy ofFreiburg, Bone Clinic Seeks Volunteers nisms associated with ischemic or traumatic Germany, in 1947, and his master of science Investigators at NIDR are studying methods injury co che brain. degree (summa cum Laude) from McGill for bone augmentation. Normal volunteers In che early 1970's, he was one of che first University in Montreal, Canada, in 1952. ages 18-70 are needed for a simple bone scientists co recognize che importance of Among his professional accomplishments marrow needle aspiration. Participants will establishing, within che NIH intramural are numerous publications dating back co be paid $150 for chis procedure. For more program, a basic neuroscience initiative co 1952. He also served as coeditor of several information, call Dr. Jaime Brahim, 6-4371, investigate brain ischemia. books including Brain Edema, Pathophysiology or Dr. Pamela Gehron Robey, 6-4563. D "Your studies have contributed many of Cerebral Energy Metabolism, Cerebrovascu- The Record page 11 January 3, 1995

Tom Johnson Retires After 36 Years of Federal Service NINOS Mourns Charles Sartor Thomas A. Johnson, deputy executive Charles Estee Sartor, Sr., a long-rime officer at NIDDK for the past 11 years, has NINDS employee, died recently after an traded in his desk for a fishing boar. He accident during a fishing trip. A native of retired recently after 36 years of federal Washington, D.C., he had retired from the service. federal government in September with more Johnson joined che Navy after graduation than 36 years of service. from high school and spent 4 years aboard a For almost 30 years, Sartor worked in the destroyer during the Korean conflict. Living Surgical Neurology Branch where he held a in a room with metal cots stacked floor to variety of positions including operating ceiling and earing off tin trays while che room technician in che Clinical Center and officers dinedon fine china, Johnson said he laboratory technician specializing in animal soon realized chat "che only difference surgery in Bldg. 9. In 1989, he became a between the officers and me was a college photo lab technician in che NINDS education." After completing his Navy Electron Microscopy Facility, a position he service, he moved to Washington, D.C., and held until his retirement. graduated from American U niversicy in 1962. Sartor had always been very proud of his Following graduation, he was offered an work, and he received much recognition administrative internship at che Department and acknowledgment for his contributions NIDDK Deputy Executive Officer ThomasA. of Agriculture. Johnson subsequently worked to many scientific publications. Johnson proudly displays the tide clock and as a personnel management specialise for "He was a very private person, yet all who barometer that were among the gifts he received USDA and as a personnel staffing specialist came in contact with him respected and at his retirement reception celebrating 36 years for che Federal Power Commission, an liked him. Most of his acquaintances did in government. independent regularory agency. not even know chat he retired because, as he In 1967, he joined NIH as a personnel put it, he wanted to 'go quietly,"' said Dr. management specialise in che Clinical Johnson and his wife, Jo, recently bought a Susan Cheng, Electron Microscopy Facility Center's Personnel Management Branch. He home in Pungoceague on the Eastern Shore of manager and Sartor's former supervisor. remained at the Clinical Center for 16 years, Virginia, where Johnson said he "plans co "His friends and colleagues will remember serving as personnel officer, administrative devote more time to boating." No stranger to him fondly and cake comfort in the fact officer, and hospital administrator. He was water vessels, he was first introduced co that he is now resting in peace." an advisor to fourClinical Center directors, seamanship working summer jobs on che including che late Dr. Mortimer B. Lipsett, commercial fishing boats that his uncles ran NCl's Luz Galito Retires who became director of NIDDK in 1985. off che coast of New Jersey. Since chose early Luz Galito recently ended her 35-year Lipsett once described Johnson as "a years, he has been an avid sailor, having career with the federal government. She had dedicated man who expresses sound and brought boats up the Intracoastal Waterway worked as a cycocechnologisc in the Labora­ thoughtful judgment in a quiet, sophisticated and from the Caribbean. He currently owns tory of Pathology, manner." his seventh boat, a 20-fooc fishing craft. NCI. Johnson came to NIDDK in 1983 as He also intends to devote more time to the Calico received a deputy executive officer. He played a key Coast Guard Auxiliary, the civilian arm of the B.S. in education/ role in directing institute activities and U.S. Coast Guard, a group that educates the biology from the serving as a senior advisor to three institute public about boating safety and safety patrols. U niversicy of St. directors. "Tom is one of chose special Johnson has been active in che auxiliary for Tomas in Manila, people whose good sense and gentle nature more than 12 years. Philippines, in have enormously enhanced both che Clinical At a reception in his honor, Johnson told 1951. In 1959, she Center and the NIDDK. His dedication and his many·friends and colleagues that "I have received her degree service ro NIH are based on his belief in the had a wonderful career at NIH. It has been in exfoliative important mission of this institution," said very fulfilling to he! p further the NIH cytology from the NIDDK direcror Dr. Phillip Gorden. mission." -Eileen Corrigan 0 University of Tennessee at Memphis. She was hired in the Two New Members Appointed to NIGMS Advisory Council Cytopachology Laboratory, NCI, in 1959 and worked there until retirement. Two new members have been appointed ro che American Society for Cell Biology. Calico plans on spending her retirement the National Advisory General Medical Prendergast is che Edmond and Marion enjoying her family at her home in Clinton, Guggenheim professor of biochemistry and Sciences Council. They are Dr. Thomas D. Md. Her dream is to travel throughout che Pollard of Johns Hopkins University School molecular biology at che Mayo Medical United States. 0 of Medicine and Dr. Franklyn G. Prendergast School. He also serves as a professor of of che Mayo Medical School and Foundation. pharmacology at the school and is the 'Windows 95' Discussion Set In addition, a current member, Mary D. immediate past director of research for the Come see what people are talking about­ Wiley of Res-Care, Inc., was reappointed and Mayo Foundation. the next version of Microsoft Windows, the Department of Defense named a new ex Wiley serves as associate general counsel for Windows 95-at DCRT's PC Topic Session officio member to the council, Dr. Alvin Rene Res-Care, Inc., a public corporation in on Jan. 12, from 10 to 11:30 a.m. in Lipsett Manalaysay of che National Naval Medical Louisville, Ky., that manages facilities for Amphitheater, Bldg. 10. Featuring a Center. people with mental retardation and develop­ thoroughly redesigned interface, Windows 95 Pollard is a professor in and direcror of the mental disabilities. is poised to usher in a new era in PC comput­ department of cell biology and anatomy at Manalaysay currently serves as assistant ing. Sponsored by DCRT's Distributed Johns Hopkins University School of Medi­ head of the anesthesia department at the Systems Branch, chis meeting will feature cine in Baltimore. From 1992 to 1993, he Naval Hospital. 0 representatives of Microsoft Federal who will was president of the Biophysical Society, and preview and answer any questions about the from 1987 co 1988, he served as president of produce. All employees are welcome. 0 The Record page 12 January 3, 1995

New Federal Leave Entitlements Go into Effect

n accordance with Public Law 103-388 by blood or affinity whose close association cannot be recredited. I (the Federal Employees Family Fr:iendly with the employee is the equivalent of a Another recently enacted law, Public Law Leave Act), the Office of Personnel Manage­ family relationship. 103-329, made two significant changes in ment has released new rules that, among Under this law, employees may use their leave entitlements for federal employees. other things, permit most federal employees sick leave to provide care to a family member First, it provides employees with an entitle­ to use their sick leave to care for family as a result of physical or mental illness; ment of up to 7 days of paid leave each members. Until now, employees could use injury; pregnancy; childbirth; or medical, calendar year (in addition to annual and sick their sick leave to care for a family member dental, or optical examination or treatment. leave) to serve as a bone-marrow or organ only if the person had a contagious disease. In addition, an employee may now also use donor. And second, employees may once Under the new rules effective Dec. 2, 1994, sick leave to make arrangements necessitated again use accrued or accumulated sick leave all employees are now permitted to use 5 by the death of a family member or to attend for purposes relating to the adoption of a days of paid sick leave during the leave year the funeral of a family member. child. In addition, this law includes a to care for family members. Employees who The act also eliminates the 3-year break-in­ retroactive clause allowing eligible workers to have accumulated at least 80 hours (or 10 service rule for recrediting sick leave. substitute sick leave for annual leave that was days) of sick leave may use an additional 8 Previous rules had allowed recrediting only used for adoption purposes since Sept. 30, days or a total of 13 days per leave year. after absences of less than 3 years. Under 1991 ( the ending date of the I-year experi­ Part-time employees are also covered, but new rules, an employee who has had a break mental program to test the feasibility_ of their entitlement is based on the number of in service is now entitled to a recredit of granting sick leave for adoption-related hours worked. previously earned sick leave, if he or she purposes). The new legislation defines family member returns to federal employment on or after All of the above leave entitlements are now as spouses and parents thereof; children Dec. 2, 1994. This is without regard to the available to NIH employees. If you have (including adopted children) and spouses date of his/her separation; however, sick leave questions about or would like more informa­ thereof; parents; brothers and sisters and previously forfeited upon reemployment in tion about any of these programs, contact spouses thereof; and any individual related the federal government before that date your servicing personnel office. 0 More BACA 1 Mutations Identified NIH Calendar of Events Deadline Changes Since the September announcement that scientists had found a likely candidate for the The deadline for submitting announcements to the NIH Calendar of Events (the "Yellow BRCAl hereditary breast cancer gene, a Sheet") will be changing to close of business Monday the week preceding the meeting number of research groups have been instead of Tuesdays at 10 a.m. This will be effective the week of Feb. 6-12. That means the scanning it, seeking specific changes in DNA deadline for that calendar will be Monday, Jan. 30 c.o.b. This new deadline facilitates a new that may trigger the disease. These studies printing deadline and gets the information out sooner to the public. If you have any have borne swift fruit. New reports from questions, call Genia Bunn, editor, 6-2266. researchers in the United States and Canada reveal that susceptible families possess at least 22 different mutations in the very large gene, a discouraging prospect for those who hoped genetic testing for liability to breast cancer might be possible soon. A team led by Drs. Barbara Weber of the University of Pennsylvania and Francis Collins of NCHGR described eight possible disease-causing alterations in the gene's DNA among 50 patients with a family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. The findings also strengthen the scientists' suspicion that BRCAl is a tumor suppressor gene. Groups headed by Steven Narod of McGill University in conjunction with Mark Skolnick of the University of Utah, and by Mary-Claire King of the University of California, Berkeley, brought the total number of study families to 100, and the number of mutations described to 31. Only a f�w turned up in more than one family, dimming hopes of finding a single mutation that is responsible for a large proportion of early-onset breast or ovarian cancer. All three papers appeared in the December issue of Nature Genetics. □ NIH marked World AIDS Day last month with a ceremony dedicating an American Liberty elm Right-Handed Females Needed tree in front of Bldg. IO in honor of tennis great Arthur Ashe, who died of AIDS. Breaking ground at the unveiling of a plaque are {from l) Carol Sutton, an actress who performed ''Angel Mama" at Right-handed females ages 18-30 are the commemoration, Office of AIDS Research director Dr. William Paul, NIH director Dr. Harold needed for PET study in Bldg. 10. Call Judy Ashe's cousin Staci Canion, and Staci's mother Barbara. Also performing was the concert Friz, 6-0948, or Dr. Marcel Bahro, 6-3421, Varmus, " for more information. D choir from Duke Ellington School of the Arts, which sang "That's What Friends Are For. The elm tree was donated by Bradley Hills Presbyterian Church, located in Bethesda.