16516 CQffGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE DECEMBER 13 DEPARTMENT OF LABOR To be senior nurse officers (equivalent to ths The matter transcends partisan poli Robert T. Creasey, of Texas, to be Assistant Army rank of lieutenant colonel), effectiv6 tics. From a selfish . standpoint the Secretary of Labor, United States Depart Oct. 31, 1950 , Republican cause probably would be bet ment of Labor. Lorena J. Murray Elsie T. Berdan ter served with Acheson remaining in NATIONAL MEDIATION BOARD Ellwynne M. Vreeland L. Margaret office, but the welfare of the Nation must Zella Bryant McLaughlin John Thad Scott, Jr., of Texas, to be a mem Esther A. Garrison Ruth I. Gillan. come first and I would be derelict in my ber of the Nat ional Mediation Board, term ~uty if I did not speak out for the citizens expiring February 1, 1954. I represent, many of whom have written NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD to me bitterly protesting the continued George J . Bott, of Maryland, to be -Oeneral HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES presence of Acheson in his high office. Counsel of the National Labor Relations This is no time for America to look backward except that we may profit by Board, t erm of 4 years. :wrEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 13, 1950 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGES our past mistakes. We must now make Hon. Oliver J. Carter to be United States The House met at 12 o'clock noon, and the best of a tragic harvest in the field district judge for the northern district of was called to· order by the Speaker pro of international relations and do those California. (Now serving under _a recess ap tempore, Mr. PRIEST. things that will strengthen America for the heavy tasks all of us face. pointment.) DESIGNATION OF SPEAKER PRO TEMPORE Edward P. Murphy to be a United States The need for national unity is para district judge for the northern district of The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be mount. To achieve this unity there must California. (New position.) fore the House the following communica be widespread trust in and respect for . Hon. William M. Byrne to be United States tion from the Speaker: our leadership. district judge for the southern district of DECEMBER 13, 1950. For the President to defy the crescendo California. (Now serving under a recess ap I hereby designate the Honorable . J. pointment.) ·of demands now sweeping the country PERCY PRIEST to act as Speaker pro tempore that a new Secretary of State be named PUBL~C HEALTH SERVICE today. . is to impair national morale at a time The following-named candidates for ap~ SAM RAYBURN, Speaker. when the highest morale is desperately pointment in the Regular Corps of the Public needed. · Health Service: PRAYER To be sanitary engineer (equivalent to tne The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp, MEMBERSHIP IN AMERICAN LEGION Army rank of major), effective date of ac- D. D., offered the following prayer: Mr. LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, I ask cept ance unanimqus consent to address the House Euald c. Warkentin 0 Thou who art our refuge and for 1 minute and to revise and extend To be junior assi stant pharmacists (equiVa- strength, our companion and counselor, my remarks. l ent to the Army rank of second lieu.ten- humbly and gratefully we would ac- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is the.re ant), effective date of acceptance knowledge our dependence upon Thee objection to the request of the gentleman Edward J. Martin for always and everywhere we need Thee: George J. Gruber We need Thee in the morning years from Iowa? Albert B. Ripley when life is carefree and full of adven- There was no objection. Mr._ LECOMPTE. Mr. Speaker, today · The following-named candidates for ap- ture and hope. We need Thee when we I am mtroducing two bills which I think pointment and promotion in the Regular are in the midway of our course and the will appeal to every Member of this Corps of the Publ~c Health Service: burdens are- heavy and responsibilities House. The bills are for the purpose·of To be senior scientist (equivalent to the are great. We need Thee in the even- carrying out resolutions adopted by the Army rank of lieutenant colonel), effective tide of life when the shadows lengthen Septernber 29, 1950 · and there is only a little way to go. American Legion at the convention in Leslie A. Chambers Grant that in these perilous days when Los Angeles in October of this year. The first of these bills provides for an To be junior assistant pharmacist ( equiva- our pilgrimage is beset with so many amendment to the national charter of lent to the Army rank of second li eu.ten- hardships and difficulties we may have ant), effective November 24, 1950 the glad assurance that the spiritual re- the American Legion and is to enable John Toole sources are adequate and available. the heroic members of the armed serv w. ices in Korea to become eligible for mem To be sen ior assistant sanitari ans (equivalent We pray that they may give us inward bership in the American Legion. Eligi to t he Army rank of captai n), effective date steadfastdess in our struggle for peace i n dicated and righteousness. May we be strong bility is also extended to citizens of the United States on active duty in the Harold Wainess, November 2, 1950. in the Lord and in the power of His armed services with governments associ Darold w. Taylor, November 8, 1950. might, for Thou art our God forever and ated with the Unit.ed States in the pres To be sen i or a s ~istant nurse officer (equiva- ever and will be our guide even unto ent conflict. len t to the Army r ank of captain), effective death. My colleague the gentleman from Iowa November 2, 1950 - Hear us in Christ's name. Amen. [Mr. DOLLIVER] is associated with me in Mary G. Damiani The Journal of the proceedings of yes- the introduction of these bills and will To be senior surgeons (equivalent to tne terday was read and approved. propose similar measures. Under the Arm y ran k of lieutenant colonel)' effective REMOVE SECRETARY OF STATE ACHES' ON rules it is not permissible for two Mem date i n di cated bers of the House to jointly sponsor legis · Allen B. Eschenbrenner, September 28 Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker I ask lation, and separate bills must be intro 1950. ' unanimous consent to address th~ House duced even though the measures are William J. Brown, September 28, 1950. for 1 minute and to revise and extend identical. Ralph W. Mccomas, September 29, 1950. my remarks. J ames A. Smith, October 2, 1950. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. Speaker, one of the resolutions Frederick G. Gillick, October 13, 1950. objection to the request of the gentleman adopted at Los Angeles by the national Louis J acobs, November 6, 1950. convention of the American Legion reads Carl L. Larson, December 26, 1950. from Indjana? There ·was no objection. as follows: Senior assistant surgeon to be surgeon . Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, it Be it resolved, That the national judge advocate be directed to frame an appropriate · · ~~~~;~:;e~~/° f,h: ff;my rank 01 major), should be obvious even to President Tru- 2 9 charter amendment to be submitted to the Arthur E. Rikli . man that Acheson has completely lost Congress so as to add to the eligibility pro · the confidence of the Congress and of vision thereof the period June 25, 1950, to To be senior assistant sanitary engineer the country. With America facing one and including the date of cessation of hos ~~~~;f:;e~~f.0 ~~e :;-;;"Y rank 01 captain)~ of the most critical times in our history tilities, or for those continuing to serve hon 1 Ronald G. Macomber1 1 t' ,,the President has not taken the one ·step orably thereafter; and for citizens of the , . which would do more to convince our United States on active duty in the armed To be assistant sanitary engineer (equWalent ' . people of a sincere desire for unity than forces of governments associated with the United States in the present conflict. t? the Army rank of fir_st lieutenant), effec• . any other single move-the replacing of tive Oct. 11, 1950 George w. Burke, Jr. Acheson as Secretary of State and the The second of these bills provides for cleaning up of the State Department. giving the national organization of ·the 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16517, American Legion additional protection As I said, .Roy, this letter does not require to the leaders of communism and their of emblems, badges, seal, and so forth, an answer; but the contents are just about supporters. all people talk about out here these days. and a resolution to this effect was SUICIDAL UNITED STATES POLICY adopted at Los Angeles by the American Sincerely. Legion convention. · The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, I ask These two bills have the endorsement of the gentleman from California [Mr. unanimous consent to address the House of the national legislative commission JOHNSON] has expired. for 1 minute and to revise and extend of the American Legion, whom I have my remarks. · consulted in connection with the prep RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there aration and introduction of these meas Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. objection to the request of the gentleman ures. I hope that the appropriate com Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to from New Jersey? mittee of the House will act on these address the House for 1 minute, and There was no objeqtion. bills promptly and that we will' be able to revise and extend my remarks. Mr. CANFIELD. Mr. Speaker, it is my to get them enacted into law before ad The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is understanding that in this world strug journment of this Congress. I under there objection to the request of the gen gle we are opposed to more than one stand that similar legislation is being tlewoman from Massachusetts? dictator, Josef Stalin; we are opposed given early consideration by the Senate. There was no objection. to communism. I do not want to see·our Let us speed these measures to the White Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. country sucked into a diplomatic Pearl House before Christmas. Speaker, during World War II, I asked Harbor in this Tito business. May I read The SPEAKER pro tempore. The the Speaker to invite the members of from the New York Times of today a · time of the gentleman from Iowa has the Joint Chiefs of Staff, as well as the report on Joe Kennedy's speech at the expired. S~cretaries of the various departments, University of Virginia last night? THE ADMINISTRATION IS ENTIRELY TOO to come before the House and present Joseph P. Kennedy, former Ambassador to Great Britain, said tonight that our foreign SLOW IN BUILDING OUR DEFENSES information to the Members which would be of value in regard to the con policy is suicidal and has made us · no foul Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask duct of the war. I felt then, as I firmly weather friends. unanimous consent to address the House believe now, that the Congress should be Mr. Kennedy also charged that United for 1 minute and to revise and extend my States foreign policy has solidified commu informed and told about the general ob nism, sapped our economic strength, failed remarks and include part of a letter. jectives the country must accomplish. to provide a strong defense in this hemi The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there Mr. Speaker, I respectfully ask you to sphere, and is politically and morally a bank objection to the request of the gentle :request Mr. Stuart Symington, Director rupt policy. man from California? of the National Security Resources Board, There was no ohjection. Unless we adopt some sensible amend and who is responsible for our industrial ments to this bill today, I am voting Mr. JOHNSON. Mr. Speaker, the mobilization, to meet with the Members people in my area are a way ahead of against the measure. o : ~ the House and explain what has been the administration in realizing that we done and what is planned to be done EXTENSION OF REMARKS must rapidly get prepared to defend our regarding the organizing and prepara Mr. PATMAN asked and was given selves. tion of American industrial power to permission to extend his remarks and I am inserting in the RECORD as part meet any possible emergency, as well as include a speech delivered today by Mr. of these remarks a letter which r will the demands of total war. POAGE in Texas before the Farm Bureau .. read in part, which gives the views of The American people today have a Federation. a very intelligent man in my home city. feeling of fear and uncertainty regard Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and His general views have been expressed was given permission to extend his re to me in writing by other constituents. ing the future. Lack of knowledge nour ishes fear. If the Government possesses marks and include an editorial. The man that wrote this letter is a knowledge or information which, if given Mr. FEIGHAN asked and was given thoroughly responsible, successful, and to the people, would allay their. fears permission to extend· his remarks and patriotic citizen. Since he is not seeking include an article. any notoriety for his views, I am omit and give them courage, and through this ting his namr. courage the strength to face the future, Mr. HARRISON asked and was given then it seems to me the Government permission to extend his remarks and This is the letter: include extraneous matter. DECEMBER 7, 1950. would be performing an a~t of immeas DEAR Roy: This letter does not require an urable value to the strength of our whole Mr. GATHINGS asked and was · given answer-because I know how busy you are. country by imparting and explaining to permission to extend his remarks and People out here are not only concerned the people the activities either taking include two editorials. but they are frightened, with the lethargy place or which are planned in the im Mr. BOGGS of Louisiana asked and of' the Government's preparations for de mediate future. This would provide the was given permission to extend his re fense, and to rebuild and rearm our military marks and include extraneous matter. services. Some people doubt that the west confidence and the courage that is so coast can be defended or -held if Russia greatly needed. Mr. LANE asked and was given per should jump soon. Efficiently organized American indus mission to extend his remarks in three The feeling is to get into military pro trial power is vastly greater than that instances and include extraneous matter. duction fast, and accept immediate eco possessed by all of the Communist coun Mr. WILSON of Texas asked and was nomic controls, on prices, wages, manpower, tries combined. Within this industrial given permission to extend his remarks taxes, etc. Public opinion out here has crys genius lies the strength of America. and include a spe~ch by Mr. Harry tallized much more rapidly than the Govern Withers. ment thinks. They want to rearm for pro With American industry op~rating at tection as quickly as it can be done. They capacity, communism cannot compete Mr. McGREGOR asked and was given are concerned about their safety, not their with this power. With American indus permission to extend his remarks and financial security or the unpleasantness of try mobilized and in operation, the lead include a newspaper article written by wartime controls and dislocations. ership of communism has better sense Louis Bromfield. They are fed up with the fact that the than to challenge this industrial might Mr. BEALL asked and was given per military in the Pentagon are apparently still of America. mission to extend his remarks and in squabbling among themselves and can't make up . their minds as to what they want-6 :::t is with this thought in mind, Mr. cluC:e an editorial from the Baltimore months after the outbreak of war. We're Speaker, that I think it would be most Sun. ' · still piddling. Nero and his fiddle would enlightening to the Members of Congress Mr. ELLSWORTH asked and was given take a back seat to our present efforts. You and to the American people to have Mr. permission to extend his remarks and r .ave appropriated the money, but the small Symington come before us and describe include an editorial. number of contract s that have been let or what he is doing to bring our great in Mr. VURSELL asked and was given even discussed with industry is shameful. Why don't we get going? Does anyone dustrial resources into capacity produc permission to extend his remarks and in back there doubt that this ls it-the first tion. There is nothing I know of at the clude a speech by Thomas Stack. stages of all out war-world war III? The present time which would give more Mrs. ST. GEORGE asked and was given eleC'tions are over-they still don't have to confidence and courage to the Nation permission to extend her remarks and play politics, do they? and cause more fear and consternation include a letter from a constituent. 16518 CON~RESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 13 Mr. MORTON asked and was given The CHAIRMAN. Is there objectio:r;i for 1946 came from the sales of UNRRA permission to extend his remarks in two to the requel:lt of the gentleman from supplies. instances and include extraneous ma Georgia? . Thus high American taxes in 1946 at terial. There was no objection. one and the same time kept Yugoslavian Mr. SADLAK asked and was given Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. Mr. Chair taxes low, and paid for the equipment permission to extend his own remarks. man, in order to understand the action and maintenance of the Yugoolavian MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE proposed by the bill under consideration, Army. let us look for a moment at what we Thus our gifts, which we thought were A message from the Senate, by Mr. have done for Yugoslavia in the past. going to starving people in Yugoslavia, Carrell, one of its clerks, announced that The Senate Foreign Relations Com-· actually went to swell the treasury of the Senate had passed, with an amend mittee report on the Senate companion the Red Yugoslavia Government, then, ment in which the concurrence of the bill printed in iast Friday's CoNGREs as now, under the domination of the House is requested, a bill of the following SIONAL RECORD gives in detail the money same Communist Tito. title: which American taxpayers have given In this same article prepared by the H. R. 9840. An act to exempt furlough and made available to Yugoslavia. Library of Congress', it was stated: travel of service personnel from the tax on . During the war we gave them $36,- What happened in Yugoslavia was that tra:p.sportation of persons. 666,000 under lend-lease and plan A. the Communists were able to do as they CALL OF THE HOUSE From 1945 through 1947 we gave them pleased with UNRRA supplies. People $299,000,000 under UNRRA procedure. could buy UNRRA supplies only at govern Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Speaker, I make In 1949 we furnished them through the ment-controlled markets at prices which the point of order that a quorum is not Export-Import Bank $55,000,000, and in were from 3 to 30 times normal prices. By present. 1950 we have already furnished them this selling at a huge profit, the goods we The SPEAKER pro tempore. Evident have peen sending free to Yugoslavia, Tito's ly a quorum is not present. $31,400,000. worth of food supplies. regime has obtained funds to equip and So far as I know, no one disputes the support an army which has put every eighth Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I accuracy of these figures contained in man in uniform. Even our country could move a call of the House. the Senate Foreign Relations Commit hardly afford to keep such a vast manpower A call of the House was ordered. tee report on this legislation. idle. Tito was able to do it o~ UNRRA. The Clerk called the roll, and the fol During the UNRRA years, a total of Thus, we with our gifts enabled Red lowing Members failed to answer to their $430,000,000 was provided Yugoslavia Yugoslavia to equip and maintain an names: under that plan. Seventy-two percent [Roll No. 294} army devoted to the promotion of com of this amount was furnished by the munism. · Biemiller Gillette Pfeifer, United States. Boykin Gorski Joseph L. The weak argument is now advanced Bramblett Hart Pfeiffer, The magazine World Report in its in behalf of this bill, that if we now send Brehm Havenner William L. issue of January 21, 1947, stated that $38,000,000 in foodstuffs to Yugoslavia, Buckley, Ill. Hebert Poage taxes would go up in Eastern Europe Burnside Herter Powell our generosity will sway the Commu Cannon Holifield Rich when supplies from UNRRA ended, for nist dictator, Tito, to such an extent Cavalcante Irving Sabath the reason that the free shipments sent that his military strength will be a Chatham Javits Scudder in under UNRRA were sold, with the Chesney Jennings Sheppard threat to Russia in the event America Christopher Jones, Ala. Smathers proceeds intended to aid reconstruction. and Russia go to war. Cole, N. Y. Kee Smith, Ohio This magazine further stated that Yu Mr. COX. Mr. · Chairman, will the Combs Keefe Stanley goslavia may realize as high as a third Crook Kennedy Talle gentleman yield? Crosser . Kerr Teague of her revenue from sales of UNRRA _ Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. I yield to the Davenport King Tollefson goods. gentleman from Georgia. Davies, N. Y. Kruse Van Zandt I asked at that time the Library of Dawson Lichtenwalter Werdel Mr. COX. The gentleman's statement Dingell Lodge Whitaker Congress to check this statement for me, leads me to wonder what if anything of Dondero McCarthy Whitten and the Legislative Reference Service of sanity and strength there is left to us E::i.ton McGrath Widnall the Library of Congress did check it and besides Westbrook Pegler, Fulton Lewis, Eberharter McMillen, Ill. Willis Engel, Mich. Miller, Md. Wolcott furnished me a report which said that George Sokolsky, and the Chicago Flood Murray, Wis. Wood UNRRA sent supplies into Yugoslavia Tribune. Fogarty O'Toole totaling 2,000,000 tons, with a value of Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. I thank the Gavin Passman nearly $400,000,000, by the end of 1946, distinguished gentleman from Georgia The SPEAKER pro tempore. On this and that UNRRA shipped into Yugo for his comment. roll call 355 Members have answered to slavia enough food to give every man, Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Chairman, will their name~. a quorum. woman, and child in the country more the gentleman yield? By unanimous consent, further pro than 150 pounds of food per year, and in Mr. DAVIS of Georgia. I yield to the ceedings under the call were dispensed addition to this, 9 pounds of textiles per gentleman from Illinois. with. person, two pairs of trousers, two shirts, Mr. VURSELL. I should like to sug YUGOSLAVIA EMERGENCY RELIEF three union suits, six pairs of socks, one gest that the larg.e amount of funds the ASSISTANCE ACT 01'' 1950 sweater, one overcoat, and six handker gentleman has listed as furnished by us chiefs. to Yugoslavia was the result of allowing Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Speaker, I This report further contained the Communists to get control of the alloca move that the House resolve itself into statement: tion and distribution of UNRRA funds, of the Committee of the Whole House on There can be no doubt that . the whole of which the United States contributed 72 the State of the Union for the further the Yugoslav Army and Air Corps was percent of the total. The gentleman is consideration of the bill
American boys cannot fight alone on w~s authority for the transfer of the neighborhood of $500,000,000 to a bil all the battle fronts of the world nor can $12,200,000 from the ECA fund to the lion dollars unexpended and unallocated American resources alone finance the Yugoslav Government, making up the in ECA funds. In other wordJ, no moral fighting in all of the vital spots of the $31;000,000 expended in stop-gap aid obligation has attached to this sum and world in which we live. If we can help while the Congress was in recess. This that is the fund from which money for · to keep the fighting forces ·of other na amendment will remove that doubt. the purpose of this bill is authorized to tions in the field and on our side, we That is another feature worth your con-· be expended. might be able to save some of our own sideration. . Mr. WHEELER. I suggest that that countrymen. I realize that the thought There will be no need for an additional money be returned to the Treasury. of giving · aid in any shape, form, or appropriation of $38,000,000. That is Mr. BURLESON. If we could start fa&hion to a dictator or to a Communist · certainly an attractive thing to all of us. completely over in all we have done, is somewhat repulsive; but if we have to Mr. KEATING. Mr. Chairman, will hindsight would guide us to do many fight for our own existence, the peoples the gentleman yield? things differently. On the other hand, of other nations must join with us or we · Mr. BURLESON. I yield to the gen by reason of the rapidly changing con will fail in our effort to defend our insti tleman from New York. ditions, time is of the essence and the tutions. I wish that time would. permit Mr. KEATING. Does the gentleman present is always with us. further detailed discussion of our foreign know under what authority ECA even Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I offer an policy and of our true situation in the purported to act in advancing the amendment to the amendment. world today, but these remarks must be $12,000,000? ~ The ·clerk read as follows: concluded. · Mr. BURLESON. I do not. It was Amendment offered by Mr. VORYS: On The CHAIRMAN. The question is on an action based on exigencies which was page 1, at the end of the Burleson amend the amendment offered by the gentle thought to exist at the time, in the judg ment, strike out the words "under the au man from Pennsylvania [Mr. FULTON]. ment of our officials. I do not raise the thority of this act", and insert a comma The amendment was agreed to. question of legality, but I do have some and the following~ "to be expended upon The Clerk read as follows: doubt about it,,and that doubt has been credit terms as provided in section 111 (C) SEC. 2·. There is hereby authorized to be expressed in many quarters. It was (2) of the Economic Qooperation Act of 1948, appropriated to the President for additional thought to be expedient and the use of as amended, or on a grant basis subject to emergency relief assistance to Yugoslavia a those funds from sources mentioned was the following provisions of this act: sum not to exceed $38,000,000 to remain authorized by the executive depart,:nent. · "SECTION 3. When any commodity which available for obligation through June 30, is not furnished on terms of repayment in 1951; - Again, there may be some question as dollars is made available under . this act, to the legality of what is here proposed, Yugoslavia shall make a commensurate de Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Chairman, I but it is a realistic approach. Mr. Chair posit in its currency in a special account to offer an amendment. man, as example of the practical and be held and used for such purposes as may The Clerk read as follows: more businesslike approach for provid be agreed to between Yugoslavia and the Government of the United States." Amendment offered by Mr. BURI:;ESON: · On ing aid to the Yugoslav Government, by page 1, line 5, beginning with the word using ECA funds already available to Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, you have "There", strike out all of lines 5, 6, 7, and 8 Western Europe. I call your attention just heard the McCarran-Burleson and insert in lieu thereof: "The President is particularly to conditions with the amendment explained. I do not oppose hereby authorized to expend not in excess British at this time. of $50,000,000 of the funds, heretofore ap that amendment, although I think that propriated for expenses necessary to carry From September 1949 to September it neither adds to nor subtracts from our out the provisions of the Economic Coopera of 1950 Great Britai'n's allowance out of problems. It proposes to take $38,000,000 tion Act of 1948, as amended (Public Law the ECA appropriations have been ap already appropriated for ECA and spend 759, 8lst Cong.), for the purpose of providing proximately $700,000,000 and in this same it for something else. If it cuts down emergency relief assistance to Yugoslavia period of time the gold reserves and the the amount needed for the ECA, we are under the authority of this act." dollar reserves of the British Govern not getting ahead, and if it comes out of Mr. BURLESON. Mr. Chairman, to ment were appfoximately $1,330,000,000. money which might otherwise be saved, those of you who may be familiar with So, although it is not suggested to be we are not getting ahead. However, it is the so-called McCarran amendment taken out of the fund which has been a device which will prevent the pain of passed in the Senate, this is it. It does allocated to the British or to any other an additional appropriation for this pur two things: It provides a diversion of European countries, but rather out of the pose. My amendment, however, pro $50,000,000 from the existing ECA un general fund of the ECA appropriation, poses to give the President and Tito two allocated and unexpended funds to it seems to me that we now have the alternatives. First, a straight loan with Yugoslavia. With what has heretofore opportunity to spread our bets a little · no conditions, just exactly like the been done, that is, with the transfer of thinner around the world. We have been Spanish loan provided in Public Law 759, $12,200,000 from this fund to the Yugo.;. helping a lot of people, hoping to bring that was the way we have handled the slav'·Govern,ment, together with funds . about a greater degree of world peace dictators earlier this fall. On the other from the military assistance program and stability in this troubled and chaotic hand, if they want to make it on a grant and from the Export-Import Bank, mak world, but they should be willing to basis, it is subject to a deposit of counter ing a total of something like $31,000,000, tighten their belts, even more and more. part funds along the line of the Interim the amendment actually reduces the I am sure they have had their belts Aid Act which we passed in the fall of total proposal by a figure of $200,000. pretty tight for a long time. But since 1947 in the Eightieth Congress, and sub I feel very much as many of you feel. we are telling our people it is going to ject to all of the other conditions written To be realistic about this matter is one be necessary for us to make some sacri in this act. thing, and to be emotional and senti fices under the circumstances in which Thus the two alternatives are, a loan mental about it is another. As the gen we find.ourselves today, I feel our friends like the Spanish loan, without condi tleman from North Carolina has just in Europe should be willing to do the tions; or on a grant basis, with condi said, and while it is fresh in our minds, same. tions like the Interim Aid Act, providing we are in a situation today which should Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, will for counterpart and any other conditions · cause us to look for friends wherever we the gentleman yield? you want to write into the bill. can find them around this world. I am Mr. BURLESON. I yield. . The loan will be administered, like not kidding myself and I do not think Mr. WHEELER. Am I corre,ct in un the Spanish J,,oan, through the ECA, with very many of you are kidding yourselves derstanding the gentleman to say that approval of the Advisory Council, which or anybody else. We are taking chances there is $50,000,000 fioating around loose is a bo~y about the same as the Export in this action as we have taken all in the ECA appropriation which can be Import Bank board. ECA has been more through the aid programs which have used fol' this purpose? lenient about loans than the Export passed this Congress. Mr. BURLESON. Well, I do not know Import Bank. The Export-Import Bank There is good reason for adopting the of any· funds fioating around loose, but makes loans for 10 or 12 years. The ECA amendment I offer. First, there has been let me say to the gentleman in all seri has made them for 35 years. Yugoslavia some question as to whether or not there ousness that there is something in the already has gotten $55,000,000 in loans 16524 CONGRESSIONAL RECO~D-HOUSE DECEMBER -13 from the Export-Import Bank. Britain, I have not attempted to spell out tbe arrangement just as is done under ECA. appealed to on this food ·relief program. conditions, except merely to state that The thing we have been trying to im has loaned Yugoslavia 3,000.,000 pounds. Tito has strategic materials available to press upon the House since this bill was about $8,400,000, and Yugoslavia has ac pay it off. At present we are buying first considered is that it provides only cepted it, according to the papers, in the these materials for dollars. I would for an emergency relief program. Yugo last few days. judge that part of the materials would be slavia should have no grounds upon Can Yugoslavia repay? Yes. They shipped in payment of the loan, in addi which to come back later and say that have strategic materials, copper, lead, tion fo the amounts that we are buying. this Congress started this thing and that zinc, which we need. Since their sup I have not attempted to spell out the we should give t.hem more money later posed break with Stalin they have been specific provisions of this loan. to· follow through. exporting them largely to the United Mr. PATTERSON. Do I correctly If this House wants to appropriate new States. I will give you their exports in understand that Marshal Ttto has said money to Yugoslavia to effect this so recent years of these strategic materials he would not accept this loan, or this gift, called relief, then vote down the amend which our side needs in this struggle. In or whatever it might be called, under any ment offered by the gentleman from 1948, $45,000,000; in 1949, $37,006,000; conditions we might think should be Texas. If you agree, as I do, that this thefirst half of 1950, $15,700,000 worth. added to it? money could more properly be diverted Will they pay? I think they will. Mr. VORYS. We have been told by from existing and surplus ECA funds, Clemanti~, who was recently Communist the State Department that they do not then vote up the amendment offered by Foreign Minister of Czechoslovakia, want any strings or conditions at all. the gentleman from Texas. called our attention in Prague in 1947 to My amendment provides, first, for a If the Members of the House want to the fact that, curiously enough, Com loan. They pay us back without other leave the implication that this will be a munist countries have a practice of re conditions spelled out in the law except long-range program with counterpart paying their capitalistic loans. He said, reference to the" ECA Act. · Second, if it funds set up as they are now set up iii "It is only countries like Britain who do is to be a grant, then they must deposit ECA, then vote for the amendment not repay." So I think if Yugoslavia counterpart, that is, de:posit their own offered by the gentleman from Ohio. takes the loan we can be fairly sure they currency, in a special account ta be held I believe you will be doing a bad will repay it. In fact, we know they are and used for such purposes as may be thing, and I believe you will be doing not comple tel~ loa_ned up now. In the agreed upon between the two countries. a disservice to our taxpayers and hold background material handed us by the Substantially a similar provision is in the ing out false hopes to the government of State Department, on page 3, it is said Senate bill. .I do not attempt to spell out Yugoslavia if you adopt the Vorys that "negotiations were recently resumed in this amendment any other conditions amendment. with the International Bank by Yugo that will be put upon the grant. Those Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, will slavia for other loans, specifically for will be provided in the rest of the bill. the gentleman yield? economic development projects.'' Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I Mr. RICHARDS. I yield. . The CHAIRMAN. The time of the move to strike out the last word. Mr. WHEELER. How would the gen gentleman from Ohio CMr. VoRYS] has Mr. Chairman, I think it is time we tleman divert the ECA funds? I should expired. check ·up and see where we stand now. like to know from which one of these Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I ask The gentleman from Texas CMr. countrie~ or from all -of these countries unanimous consent to proceed for three BURLESON] has offered an amendment does the gentleman propose we shall additional minutes. which materially changes the bill. As divert the funds. · The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection presented by the Foreign Affairs Com Mr. RICHARDS. Froni any of them to the request of the· gentleman from mittee, the bill provides $38,000,000 for or all of them. Ohio? relief for Yugoslavia. The amendment Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, does the There was no objection. offered by the gentleman from Texas gentleman yield? Mr. . BATTLE. Mr. Chairman, will the provides that there will be no new au Mr. RICHARDS. I yield. gentleman yield? thorization and, of course, no new ap Mr. VORYS. The gentleman is aware, Mr. VORYS. I yield. propriation. Existing surplus funds I am sure, that the Fulbright amendment Mr. BATTLE. I do not mean to be from ECA will be diverted and used for provided for equivalent local currency facetious, but I would like the gentle the purposes set forth in the bill. In for this and that it was adopted in the man to elaborate on this point that we other words, it does not call for another Senate unanimously. can be sure that they will repay this loan. dime of the taxpayers' money. In view Mr. RICHARDS. That is an entirely Mr. VORYS. We cannot be sure that of the fact -that we have not obtained different matter. This bill itself pro any country in Western Europe is going the cooperation that some of us think vides for counterpart funds. For what? to be able to pay any loan back, because, we are entitled to from our ECA friends, Only to cover the administration of this if a third world war is launched, they maybe the approval of the amendment act in Yugoslavia by our own people. are all going to have quite. a long mora will not only help Yugoslavia but it will The Fulbright amendment can be taken torium. If, however, you are optimistic awaken some of the ECA recipient coun up on its own merits later. I am talking· and feel as I do, that, out of the troubled tries to the realization that we are not about the amendment offered by the indecision in the free world now, we are getting all the cooperation we have a gentleman from Ohio. going to be able to line up the free peo right to expect from them. At the same Mr. VORYS. The gentleman does not ple in both hemispheres, then Yugo time it will not cost the taxpayers any- say that the Fulbright amendment does slavia is going to need us and our help . thing. For that reason I will go along not apply to all the relief supplies that to stay away from under Stalin's domi with the amendment offered by the gen are sold for local currency? ·nation, and we are going to need them tleman from Texas. Mr. RICHARDS. The Fulbright strategically. I cannot guarantee that The gentleman from Ohio CMr. amendment is not now being considered Yugoslavia, or anybody else, is going to VoRYsl proposes to amend the Burleson and is not in the House bill. repay a loan. I merely say it has a fairly amendment to this effect: First, to Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. good record on loans so far. make it a loan; and, second, to operate Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Chairman, through counterpart funds just as ECA Mr. RICHARDS. I yield to the gen will the gentleman yield? does. · tleman from South Dakota. Mr. VORYS. I yield. Mr. Chairman, it is simply ridiculous Mr. CASE of South Dakota. If we Mr. PATTERSON. As far as this loan · to talk 'about Tito ever paying this were to accept the Burleson amendment, goes, is this copper and zinc that Tito money back. He probably will be un would that be a grant or a loan? · would export to the United States going able to, e·ven l.f he wants to. Mr. RICHARDS. It would be a grant to be collateral for the loan, or will we There is another ground for my ob but a grant of funds already appropri buy that and also make the loan without jection to the amendment offered by the ated by the Congress. collateral, and what would be the con gentleman from Ohio, and it is this: Mr. CRAWFORD. Mr. Chairman, I ditions of this loan? He seemingly proposes, through the rise in support of the Vorys amendment. Mr. VORYS. They would be fixed by amendment, to make this a long-range Mr. Chairman, I am not forgetting ECA' and this National Advisory Council. · program through a counterpart fund that in connection with the creation of 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16525 the United Nations organization there will call it, a fund of his own currency the moneys appropriated to the ECA. was established a very great piece of covering all the goods that we ship him, He said that there will be ample funds to machinery known as Bretto.n Woods, whether given away or sold through take care of this particular project. He which set up a stabilization fund and the local currency, then that local currency added, however, that he did want to cor Bank for International Credit, and this will come tinder this joint control, and rect the impression that there are be is the bank that should handle these it can then be distributed for such pur tween $500,000,000 and $1,000,000,000 of deals. I have never been sympathetic poses as we deem advisable. Those are ECA funds that :i:night be diverted to with the Export-Import Bank nosing the two reasons I am for the Vorys other purposes during this fiscal year. into this general picture as it has been amendment, and I hope it will be carried, That, he says, is not a fact. It appears explained here the Export-Import Bank and then we can adopt the Burleson that some of the countries are recovering did in connection with Yugoslavia in amendment and thereby keep this thing economically more rapidly than had been making loans such as the $55,000,000 tied up in the Marshall-plan funds. anticipated and consequently that they loan referred to previously. I do not Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the will ·not need ail of the funds that have think that was a legitimate loan, I may gentleman yield? been appropriated for them for this pres say to my friend from North Carolina Mr.' CRAWFORD, I yield to the gen ent year. Therefore, there will be a suffi [Mr. COOLEY], because I do not think a tleman from Iowa. cient surplus to take care of the $50,- loan made to a Communist country at Mr. GROSS. Does the gentleman 000,000 which is provided for in this bill; the present time can be defended as a think we should make a loan to Tito the $12,000,000 which has already been legitimate loan under present world con without any conditions whatsoever? taken from the fund and the $38,000,000 ditions. Therefore, I look upon the Mr. CRAWFORD. I would much pre additional which this bill would provide. $55,000,000 advanceCi by the Export-Im fer that kind of a proposition than the Mr. WHEELER. Mr. Chairman, will port Bank as an outright gift to Yugo one submitted in this bill. I am against the gentleman yield? slavia because I do not expect a penny of this bill lock, stock, and barrel as pre Mr. GARY. I yield to the gentleman it will ever be paid back. · sented. I am for the amendment, but I from Georgia. Secondly, I am in favor of the Vorys am not for the bill even after it is Mr. WHEELER. The gentleman just amendment because, as I understand amended only by this amendment. indicated that he had received permis that amendment, it would enable this Mr. GROSS. Is not a ioan without sion from Mr. Foster to divert these present proposal to be handled in such miy condition merely a subterfuge? funds. I am wondering if the gentle a way as to let the funds be taken out Mr. CRAWFORD. I think the whole man also got permission from Mr. Attlee of the Marshall plan, ECA funds; is that thing is subterfuge, even the ECA in while he was here last week? I I correct? many of its phases. Mr. GARY. May I say to the gentle Mr. VORYS. Yes. Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman; will man that he knows me well enough to Mr. CRAWFORD. Then be extended the gentleman yield? know that I do not ask anybody for per to Yugoslavia under a grant or under a Mr. CRAWFORD. I yield to the gen mission for what I do. I am trying to counterpart fund arrangement. tleman from North Carolina. give this House information. In order The last time I was in Tokyo I dis Mr. RICHARDS. I was going to ask to give the House accurate information cussed this question of COl.lnterpart funds the gentleman if the Vorys amendment I contacted the Administrator who has with Mr. Joseph Dodge, of Detroit, who is adopted and the Burleson amendment charge of handling these funds, because had been sent over to Japan to balance is adopted, will the gentleman be for the I wanted to know what effect a diversion the Japanese budget. I asked him how bill? wouJ.d have on the funds. I assumed he was getting along in balancing the Mr. CRAWFORD. No; I would not be the other Members of the House would Japanese budget. He said: "We are for the bill. I assume ·the bill is going like the same information. I am simply making great progress." I said, ''On to be passed, and therefore I want to trying to give them that information at what basis?" "On the basis of use of make it as acceptable as possible. the present time. The gentleman knows the counterpart funds." The CHAIRMAN. The time of the it is not my custom to seek permission I am going to ask the gentleman from gentleman from Michigan has exvired. from any of the department heads as to Ohio [Mr. VoRYS] to check me very care Mr. GARY. Mr. Chairman, I move to what action I shall take on the floor of fully here. His proposal in conneqtion strike out the last three words. the House. with the counterpart fund arrangement Mr. Chairman: I rise in support of the Mr. WHEELER. I did not mean that is that, if we give these goods or advance · amendment offered by the gentleman to be personal. these goods to the Yugoslav Government, from Texas [Mr. BURLESON]. In my Mr. GARY. I am certain the gentle that Government will in turn sell those judgment that amendment will serve man did not mean it that way, but I did goods to its citizens for local currency, several purposes. In the first place it want to ma·ke it plain that I am simply and that local currency will be im will obviate the necessity of an addi trying to give the House information. pounded in a fund which is subject to tional appropriation at this time. We distribution and under the supervision of hope to have on the floor of the House A short time ago I was quoted cor the joint committee between Yugoslavia on Friday, according to my under rectly in the press as saying that I did and the United States Government; is standing, a supplemental bill appropriat not think we should help any dictators, that correct? ing $18,000,000,000 . . This appropriation period. I have not changed my position. Mr. VORYS. Yes, except as drafted could not possibly be written into that I say very frankly that I would not raise and following the plan, it would also ap bill at this time; therefore, it is doubtful my hand to help Tito. However, I am ply to goods that are not sold, that are whether the authorized funds could ,be tremendously interested in the United to be given away. Commensurate de appropriated during this session if we States of America and I am going to vote posit is required for everything they do attempt to handle the appropriation in for anything that I think will help the not pay for in our Relief Act of 1947. the regular manner. United States of America in this crisis. The same technique is supplied in this. By diverting funds of .the ECA for this I cannot help but believe that the pas However, the gentleman neglected to purpose, it will do away with the neces sage of this bill will have a good effect. mention that Tito is given an alterna sity of consideration by the Committee In October 1947 I had the privilege of tive under my amendment; that he can on Appropriations and will speed up pro visiting Trieste. At that time it was one get a loan. ceedings. It will, moreover, conform our of the trouble spots of the world. Mr. CRAWFORD. I was just coming action to that of the Senate. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the to that, because we have kind of a As all of you know, I have a great deal gentleman from Virginia has expired. double-barreled proposition in this of interest in the ECA appropriations, Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I ask amendment. If we want to make him a having served as chairman of the sub unanimous consent that the gentleman loan without any restrictions from ECA CJmmittee that has handled the foreign from Virginia be permitted to proceed funds already provided, we can do so aid appropriations during this session of for five additional minutes. under the Vorys amendment. If yeu the Congress. I therefore talked to Mr. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objectiqn want to put him on a counterpart fund ,William Foster, Administrator of ECA, to the request of the gentleman from proposition where he will put into a fund this morning, and he tells me that he has South Carolina? controlled by a joint commission, we no objection to taking these funds out of. There was no objection. 16526 -CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE DECEMBER 13 Mr. GARY. Just a few weeks before providing emergency relief . assistance to In the first place, it does not require a my visit, the Italian peace treaty had Yugoslavia to be expended upon credit terms new appropriation. It has the same as provided in section III (C) (2) of the merit the Burleson approach has. gone· into effect. Under this treaty we, Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, as amend along w\th the other countries involved, ed, subject to the provisions of this a.ct." In the second place, taking the state were obllgated to make some changes in ment made by the gentleman from Ohio the positions of our troops. We all know Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I re as to the degree to which Yugoslavia has what took place. There was an agree serve a point of order against the amend repaid its loans, it gives some possibility ment with the Yugoslavs and the Rus ment, since I have not had an opportu of getting the money back under the si~ns that, although the treaty went info nity to look at it. terms of the loan provision. It a voids effect at midnight, if troop movements Mr. CASE of · South Dakota. Mr. giving a direct grant without the prom were completed by 10 o'clock the ne.xt Chairman, this amendment makes the ises that some of us would like to get morning, it would be satisfactory. That aid for Yugoslavia come out of the ECA with a grant, and which it uoes not seem night about 8 o'clock we were notified by fund and puts it on a strictly loan basis. possible to get. Also, it seems to me to Yugoslavia that they would expect us to It picks up the Burleson amendment at avoid the 'implication that we would au carry out the terms of the treaty to the · the same point that the Vorys amend-- thorize an out-and-out grant to a Com letter 2.nd be in our new positions by ment picks it up, and drops out the words munist country whose hands are not too midnight. We did so. Then, you re in the Vorys amendment which read "or clean when· you come to the question of member, the Yugoslavs threatened to o:n a grant basis," and also leaves out civil and religious liberties. It makes take over Trieste, but were stopped by the section which provides for repay it possible simply to make them a our soldiers. · For weeks \hereafter it ment by simply putting up counterpart straight-out loan, and to get the money was thought that they would attempt to funds. from ECA, without an additional drain carry out their threat. Mr. RICHARDS. Is it the essence of on the Treasury. I stood one evening with General this proposition to make this a straight Mr. JONAS. Mr. Chairman, will the Gaither, of Maryland, on one of the bal out loan with any further provisions or gentleman yield? conies of the castle Miramare, which was conditions? Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. built by Maximilian. The moon was Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The es . Mr . .JONAS. Who would have to do shining on the Gulf of Trieste. To our sence of my substitute ls to make it a with fixing the terms of the loan? left shone the lights of the city nestled straight-out loan taking the money from Mr. CASE of South Dakota. The sec on the hills. As I gazed upon the scene the ECA funds the same as the Burleson tion in the ECA Act, to which reference I said, "General, I think this is one of amendment does. is made by the language "when it is de the most beautiful sights I have ever Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I termined that assistance should be ex seen." He replied, "Yes, and to think withdraw the reservation of the point of tended under the .provisions of this title, that Maximilian had all of this, yet he order against the amendment. the Administrator shall allocate funds went to Mexico and was killed. With all Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, will the from the Export-Import Bank," et that I have back in the United States, I gentleman yield? cetera. So it would be as carried in stand here tonight, but I hope not for Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I yield. that section of the ECA Act and must be the same purpose." That is how tense Mr. JUDD. Did I understand correctly the conditions carried in this bill itself. the situation was at that time. that the gentleman has changed the Mr. JONAS. Is not the gentleman's There is no crisis at Trieste today. amount from $38,000,0CO to $50,000,000? amendment entirely incompatible with Why? Because something has happened. Mr. CASE of South Dakota. I picked the message received from the President, Then we were facing a threat from Tito. up the language of the Burleson amend that this is to be an out-and-out grant, We no longer face that threat because ment. The Burleson amendment carries which Tito does not want? Tito has broken with Russia, and we not in excess of $50,000,000. I picked up Mr. CASE of South Dakota. It does know that Tito is not going to attempt the Burleson amendment in the same deny the possibility of an out-and-out to attack us as long a: he does not have way that the Vorys amendment does, but grant, without any strings attached. the help of Russia. · in adding the language of the Vorys That I think is its virtue. If, by extending this aid we can gain amendment I dropped out the words "or The CHAffiMAN. The time of the his cooperation and help, the situation on a grant basis." gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. will be even better for us. In my judg 'Mr. JUDD. What it would do is to . CASE] has expired. ment we are going to need the belp of all authorize loans not to exceed a total Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Chairman, I the forces we can get in this world crisis. amount of $50,000,000? move to strike out the last word. I favor this bill, not because I think it Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Not in Mr. Chairman, I shall vote for the loan will help the dictator Tito, but because excess of that amount. to Yugoslavia for one simple and single I think it wm help the United States of Mr. VORYS. It seems to me we have raason: the Commander in Chief of our · America. the various ways of doing this thing Armed Forces says such aid is necessary Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. presented here. for our national defense. Chairman, I offer a substitute for the First is the Burleson amendment, On November 24 President Truman Vorys amendment. which would use existing ECA funds and asserted: The CHAIRMAN. A substitute for the not require a new appropriation. No one Yugoslavia is a nation whose strategic Vorys amendment would be an amend has objected to that. location makes it of direct importance to the ment in the third degree and is therefore Mr. CASE of South Dakota. However. defense of the North Atlantic area. not in order. The substitute amend that could be with either a grant or on The defense of the North Atlantic ment may be offered to the original a loan basis? · area, I am convinced, is of direct im amendment o:fiered by the gentleman Mr. VORYS. Yes. Now, I have pro portance to the defense of America. from Texas. posed an alternative of a loan without It would be a reckless American who, Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Then, any conditions, or, if it is a grant, it is in this hour of national peril, would Mr. Chairman, I o:fier the amendment as to be done on the basis of counterpart, hamper measures necessary for our a substitute for the Burleson amend- as in' previous legislation. The gentle country's defense. The more effectively ment. · man from South Dakota provides that to provide for our national security, I The Clerk read as follows: we use the same Burleson-McCarran have some suggestions to offer in connec Amendment offered by Mr. CASE of South amendment for getting the money with tion with this aid to Yugoslavia. It Dakota &s a substitute for the Burleson out a new appropriation, but that it be would be unfortunate, however, if, in the amendment: On page 1, beginning with the made a straight loan, subject to the haste of congressional action, these con word "There", strike out all of lines 5, 6, 7, conditions provided in the law. Is that siderations were not brought to the at and 8, and insert in lieu thereof: "The Pres not correct? ident is hereby authorized to expend not in tention of this body. excess of $50,000,000 of the funds heretofore Mr. CASE of South Dakota. That is Xhere is an inevitable human tend appropriated for expenses necessary to carry exactly .the situation. This will resolve ency, which I am afraid we Americans out the provisions of the Economic Coopera some of the problems I have had in my have to an acute degree, to· think that tion Act of 1948, as amended, Public Law mind in thinking about-this legislation everyone in trouble is, after all, not such 759, Eighty-first Congress, for the purpose of and perhaps would for others. a bad sort of fellow. We h.ave reached CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16527 I . the stage in this country when ·many But whatever the private prejudices local Soviets or people's committees and people think that Tito is a sort of Balkan of Tito's political group, the people of associated with the people's courts. Henry Wallace, a pathetic politician who Yugoslavia are facing a famine and the These courts and committees, and espe blundered and is endeavoring honestly great humanitarian heart of America cially their armed agents, are considered to find his way home. cannot refuse them food. Let us face the embodiment of oppression and cru Let us face the facts. Josip Broz is an the facts. Such an argument is differ elty. They symbolize Tito's Communist average, if unusually energetic type, of ent from the original justification that regime in the eyes of the people. The international thug. Where his ideo our aid is demanded in the interest of our peasants and townsfolk of Yugosla.via logical home is, what his political pur national defense. would not be expected to rally around poses are, can be easily discovered by Besides, such an argument raises the the 60,000 militia men any more than the his treatment of political opponents and question of how this food shortage hap Czechs rallied around Hitler's hangman, every religious faith. pened. We ha.ve heard a lot about a Heidrich. In line with this "Tito is not such a bad drought in the country. We heard a lot Then there are the 48,000 troops of sort of fellow" thing, we have been hear about a drought in the Ukraine in 1923, the Defense Corps or UDBA, ,a secret po ing a good deal lately of the distinction too, though, as we later learned, Stalin lice force at the disposal of Alexander between "good'' Communists of the Tito had more to do with the famine than the Rankovitch as the Gestapo was at the type and "bad" Communists of the Stalin weather did. disposal of Heinrich Himmler. They stripe. · !.Jet us face the facts. In all the Before the last war Yugoslavia regu arrest Yugoslavs at night, keep camps hundreds of thousands of words of larly exported 25 percent of its meat and of slave labor, mobilize the nation for mutual abuse that have issued from Mos grain to Italy and Germany in exchange forced service, seize grain and pigs from cow and Belgrade since June 28, 1948, for manufactured products. It is my in the peasants-all for Tito's party. Are when Tito's gang was expelled from the formation that food production in Yugo the Yugoslavs expected to rally around Cominform, there has not been the slavia since the Tito tyranny began has Rankovitch's secret police? slightest suggestion of any concrete dif never reached 60 percent of prewar to Let us remember that Yugoslavia's ference between the Communist regimes tals. Tito's drive for industrialization, conscript army is composed of peasants of Yugoslavia and of the Soviets-nor to establish, I suppose, the "dictatorship and workingmen, serving under Com any evidence that the people of Yugo of the proletariat," had dragged, I am munist commissars, Communist politi slavia resent the oppression under Tito told, 1,000",000 young men peasants from cians, and former partisans. Key places less than- the Russians hate their the farms to work in the state-owned are held by thugs formerly belonging to Kremlin masters. factories. Moreover, Tito's regimenta the international Communist conspir Let us face the facts. Tito is a de tion of the farmers has occasioned live acy, and considered by all decent Yugo clared enemy of everything America stock slaughtering and a lower food out slavs as foreigners. stands for. Let us not forget that when put in a normally food-exporting coun You have to live under Communists, it the United Nations Security Council on try. His much advertised break with the ·must be remembered,· to really hate June 27 voted to furnish assistance "to Cominform has hastened this hectic them. Can this gang of international repel armed attack"-against the Re d.i.'ive · to collectivize the small farmer. gangsters be expected to sustain a na public of Korea, "and to restore inter According to September 1950 figures from tional-defense effort? The popularity national peace and security in that the Yugoslav Agricultural Commission, of a regime has a great deal to do with area," the lone vote cast against that there are now 6,970 kolkhozes-collec the morale of a people in wartime, as we resolution was by Tito's Talleyrand, Dr. tive farms-in Titoland. The vast ma learned to our embarrassment in South Ales Beblei. With a nice show of im jority of them-5,650-have been created Korea. · partiality and an embarrassing display of in the last 2 years, or since Tito fell out Since, as the President said, Yugo affection for America, Dr. Bebler ex with his fellow thieves in the Kremlin. slavia is a nation important for our na plained that the war in Korea was the Tito is determin~d-no matter what the tional defense, we are properly con result of dividing geographical areas into price in human misery-to prove that he cerned abo.ut the morale and equipment spheres of influence. The United States, ·is a better Communist than Stalin. of her army. At this moment of Amer I suppose, had imperialistic designs on We hear a lot these days of Tito's 30 ica's peril, food is a feeble weapon to re- • South Korea. divisions. As we anxiously examine pel a possible invasion of Yugoslavia, The present Aml>assador from Yugo Western Europe's military feebleness, that would imperil Italy, France, and all slavia has explicitly accused us of im that is a reassuring number of men to of western Europe. With the President perialism. Just before leaving for, his have on our side. We understand the calling for support of Tito's army in the new post in Washington, Tito's new Am need of keeping the muzzles of Europe's interests of our own national defense, I bassador, Vladimir Popovitch, wrote in largest standing army pointed menac am moved to urge that we carry our aid Kommunist, official organ of the central ingly against the Soviet aggressors. to Yugoslavia much further. committee of the Yugoslav Communist But let us ask some questions about Why can we not, in the interest of Party, on June 1 of this year, that Ameri that much publicized army. Let us re our own security, send a military mis can foreign policy has been and con member that there was a royal Yugoslav sion to Yugoslavia as we have to Greece tinues to be imperialistic. Perhaps we Army of impressive numbers we hoped and Turkey? Why can we not learn at are expected to be grateful that Mr. would hold Hitler in 1941. Its effective first hand what the worth of Tito's army Popovitch included Soviet foreign policy resistance was overcome in about a week. is for the defense of the North Atlantic in the range of his hatred. We must not Tito's present standing army is equipped area? If its equipment is outmoded and forget to thank Mr. Popovitch today for with captured German and Italian equip its morale bad, it would be much better saying that Soviet foreign policy, too, ment, plus cast-off Soviet materiel. It for us to know that now and offer meas represents the same danger for the in is manifestly no match for the motorized ures to strengthen that army, in the in dependence of some nations. We should forces of the satellite countries; not even terests always, of course, of our own na be grateful that we are, at least now, for the well-trained, well-equipped Hun tional defense. I have no doubt that our linked with the Soviets as equal im garian Army. own military people would promptly re perialists. On February 9, 1947, Tito was But wouldn't the army become the port that the system of political com shouting that America was the greatest center of terrifying guerrilla action from missars indoctrinating conscript sol enemy of peace in the world. Yugoslavian mountain strongholds? diers with the hated ideology of commu We are voting this aid to strengthen The question supposes that American nism interferes with military efficiency our national defense. Let us make sure national defense will be aided appre and hence would actually harm our na it is so used. Let us not forget that only ciably by 100,000 partisans-the number tional defense. last July 17 Tito's propaganda chief, probably loyal to Tito-making raids Since our exclusive concern today in Milovan Djilas, assured the Yugoslav from the fores ts. voting this loan to Yugoslavia is with peace conference that his country was Before we put too much American de American security, I am not satisfied neutral in the struggle between the east fense reliance on Yugoslav military that we can wash our hands, Pilate-like, and the west. At this juncture of his might, let us loo){ a little closer at the of the implications of our actions by tory, in this hour of international crisis, armed forces at his disposal. There ·is proclaiming that our aid does not imply such studied neutrality betrays a secret the militia serving in each town and approval of the suppression of political hostility to Amerlca. village as the armed instrument of the and religious liberties in that country. ~ 16528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 13 Such conditions Of organized tyranny No one 1n Congress is under any illu prelate is only a symbol of Tito's relent demonstrably affect the popularity of a sions about the character of the govern less war on God, his grinding persecution regime. They condition the morale of ment in Yugoslavia. It is a crude, of all religion. An American Congress . its army. They affect our national se standard, all-too-hideously familiar man cannot fail to point during this de curity. brand of police state. It is a .coun bate to another martyr, the jailed Ser · The plight of refugees is always an in try cursed with concentration camps, bian Orthodox bishop, Varnava Nastic of fallible index of popular hatred of a secret police, sudden arrests. It is run Sarajevo. Bishop Nastic was born in government. We know that North Ko by a regime that maintains itself by America. rea was a typically Communist tyranny; terror. There is in unhappy Yugoslavia Because it directly affects the morale even though we had no ubservers there, today no freedom of the press, no free of the people of Yugoslavia and, conse frnm the fact that 3,000,000 people fled dom of elections, no freed om of religion, quently, has a bearing on American se to the protection of South Korea in the no freedom of speech. The courts have curity, let us spend a few minutes on this year after the puppet regime was organ been perverted to nakedly political pur issue of religious persecution. We must ized at Pyongyang. People -are fleeing poses, as in every other Communist make sure, I repeat, that America not be from Yugoslavia to Germany in numbers country. There are the same forced· listed as a supporter of the oppressive comparable to the refugees from the So "confessions" of "processed" prisoners Tito regime-if we hope to have the peo vfot satellite countries, and for the same kept in underground dungeons until pro ple fighting on our side. reason. duced at Soviet-style. "spectacle" trials. How shall we calibrate the resentment It is only last September that a false Everything down to the small shops has of the religious people of Yugoslavia at rumor was ·started in a remote rural been natio:i:u,tlized. Forty percent of the a regime which has confiscated every area of Yugoslavia that the government arable land has been collectivized, and Catholic school, every Catholic h9spital was permitting people to emigrate to the ruthless expropriations continue at and orphanage and old-folks home, that the United States. More than 1,500 a frantic rate. has dissolved the religious orders ·freely peasant families, the entire population Every Member of this House knows serving the poor and the sick, that has in that area, besieged the American Em these things. Do we forget that every murdered 378 priests whose name are bassy in Belgrade for visas. Then the one in Yugoslavia not only knows them known, and holds 400 more in prison polic~ learned of it and letters of recan but has to live under them? Do we pro today? What must be the attitude of tation arrived at the Embassy, saying: pose to encourage the perpetuation of the people toward a regime that attaches ''I have changed my mind and have no· this· tyrannical system and thus imperil the penalty of immediate dismissal to intention of emigrating to the United America's national security? the attendance at religious services of States any more." · I want to name three Yugoslav demo any school teacherJ Speaking to a priest There was one note, significantly un crats, political leaders, now in jail. I jeopardizes the job of a soldier or civil signed, scrawled in pencil on a small chose three names from three different servant. Officers of the defense service, scrap of paper, that said: areas of Yugoslavia, men of different police, and military may ·not marry in I beg to inform you that all persons who religious faiths, united in their devotion church or have their children baptized. have registered as immigrants to the United to democratic ideal and in their common ·For civilians, a heavy government tax, States have been arrested and imprisoned by fate in Tito's dread prisons. They are varying from $15 to $16 for a wedding UDBA. We appeal to your urgent assist Dr. Dragojub Jovanovich, head of the and from $50 to $100 for a baptisim, is ance, since all of the people concerned only assessed for legal registration. intended to leave Yugoslavia legally. Serbian Agrarian Party; Dr. Boris Fur lan, of the Liberal Slovenian Party; What mockery of freedom of religion I submit that such a judgment of the and Dr. Tomislav Janchikovich, of the exists when the government forbids ·an people on the regime inescapably affect,s Croatian Peasants' Party. voluntary collections for the mainte our American security. America needs leaders like these men; nance of the clergy or ecclesiastic build It is somewhat reassuring to read that alive and free in Yugoslavia today, to tell ings whether taken up inside or outside a the state Department has made efforts the people that the people of the United church, when control of newsprint is to let the Yugoslav people know that the States are their friends; that opposi~g manipulated to guarantee the absence of 'food we are shipping is coming from the Soviet aggression is demanded by na a religious press, when imports regula American people and not .from the Titoist tional interests and human decency-not tions ere designed to ban the replace tyrants. It is good to learn that ar by any need of saving Tito's hide. ment of prayer books and catechisms, ra_ngements have been made to observe In the interests of our own national when ration permits are refused for the distribution of that food. Since our defense, I suggest that there should be wine, wheat, flour, candles, and vest aid is admittedly in the interes_ts of our an amnesty of democratic politicians in ments, so that the very possibility of of own national security, I cannot under Yugoslavia. They are the sincere friends fering mass is endangered, when candi stand why American teams cannot actu of America and the West. dates for the priesthood and their fam ally distribute the food. We did it once It would be at least progress, and help ilies are terrorized, when religious in- . before in a Communist country-in ful for American security, if we could struction is allowed only when classes do Russia in 1921. return at least to the spirit of Yalta not conflict with compulsory Communist After all, we have had one unhappy that promised free elections and the party programs, inevitably arranged for experience of seeing food distributed by right of the people to choose govern the same time as religious services. UNRRA-and paid for largely by Ameri ments freely. These are fundamental There is no known instance of a child can taxpayers-used to strengthen the freedoms enshrined in the charter of the who attended catechism class obtaining power of Eastern European Communist United Nations, so often called the cor the necessary scholarship for higher administrators hostile to America. Do ner-stone of our foreign policy. studies-or even winning admission to a we propose to allow our food to be used Another fundamental freedom con higher school. ' by Tito's party hacks for their own cerns religion. The Yugoslav Constitu The Yugoslav people hate this situa aggrandizement? That would scarcely tion under article 25 asserts : tion and the Communists responsible for · improve in Yugoslavia the morale so Citizens are guaranteed freedom of it with all the deep, emotional anger of necessary. for American security. conscience and freedom of religion. a peasant people, rooted in religion and Mr. Chairman, we cannot afford in this There is no one in this House with any devoted to their national traditions. hour of national peril to appear to be doubt of what a mockery those words These are the people who must be our upholding the regime of Tito which is are. For, like every Communist regime, allies in opposing Soviet aggression. hated by all Yugoslavs. We cannot Titoism recognizes religion as an alle- · It is in the interest of American secu afford to· be identified in the minds of giance to something larger than merely _ rity that I call attention to the monstrous the poor, oppressed people of Yugoslavia human purposes and, consequently, tyranny oppressing the Yugoslav people. as supporters of the tyrant Tito. We steadfastly persecutes it. They will never forgive us if our aid only must never forget that it is the people Members of. this ·House undoubtedly seats Tito more securely on their of Yugoslavia, not a small gang of alien · think instantly of the figure of Aloysius shoulders. international teITorists, that we count on Stepinac, the Catholic Archibishop of In the interest of sound, abiding to oppose the military might of the Zagreb, at the mention of the words American security in the Balkans, we Soviets. "religious persecution." The imprisoned must, Mr. Chairman, work persistently, i950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16529 realistically, and honestly, ·for democ That your government will provide the Rice is grown principally in the States racy, for fundamental freedoms, for United States with reciprocal assistance by of Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Cali human decency in Yugoslavia. cdntinuing to facilitate the production and transfer to the United States in such quantl=· fornia, and present statistics indicate Mr. RIBICOFF. Mr. Chairman, I rise ties and upon such terms and conditions as that there is a very large surplus of rice in opposition to the Vorys and Case may be agreed on, of raw and semiprocesaed in the United Stat.es, and since there is amendments. materials required by the Uzuted States as a possibly no other market outside of the Mr. Chairman, in all this legislation result of deficiencies or potential deficiencies United States at this time, it seems that I believe we have to be realistic. The in its own resources and which may be avail since t!1is food is so universally consumed gentleman from Michigan [Mr. CRAW able in Yugoslavia. Arrangements for such in the world that if the bill under con FORD] talked about the International transfers shall give due regard to require sideration should finally provide for the ments for domestic use and commercial ex Bank. The facts show that at the pres port of Yugoslavia. supplying of food to Yugoslavia that this ent time, since the break with Stalin, country should utilize a larger share of Yugoslavia has borrowed from the Ex There is no question but that as these this food in the program than that which poi;t-Import Bank some $55,000,000. materials keep getting in short supply in is indicated in the announcement of the Yugoslavia has further borrowed from the United States of America, the United Government, and I am taking this time the international fund $11,700,000. I States is going to have to give Yugoslavia to place this matter before the commit think that the House should understand or lend to Yugosla._via additional money tee and the Government officials so that that until this break in the summer of to get more modern equipment and ma when the time comes for the purchase of 1948 the entire Yugoslav economy was chinery to increase the production of food supplies under the bill they will dovetailed with the economy of Stalin's these most vital materials that the give consideration not only to the pur Russia. During that time all of its busi United States so desperately needs. chase of rice, but also to sweet potatoes, ness was going east. It lived on its trade Mr. LARCADE. Mr. Chairman, I both of which are fine and cheap foods. with the eastern satellites and Stalin move to strike out the last word. Mr. COTTON. Mr. Chairman, I rise himself. Since 1948 there had to be Mr. Chairman, at this point it is dif in opposition to the pro forma amend quite a reorientation, because there was ficult to know exactly the final provisions ment. no longer any question of doing busi of the bill under consideration. The Mr. Chairman, during the 4 years of ness with the Cominform or the nations original bill provided for outright grants, my service in this body I have rarely in the east. as I understand of either food or money; taken the time of the House for my ob The gentleman from Ohio [Mr. however, amendments have teen intro servations, certainly not on matters VoRYS] has told this House that a loan duc.ed which may authorize a loan or which do not come from the committee has been taken from England, and why loans to Yugoslavia. The amendment on which I serve; but I feel that I can should we not have the same situation under consideration provides for a loan. not remain silent longer today. apply with reference to the funds that Should the final draft of the bill pro These amendments offered to the bill come from the United States of Amer vide that our Government supply Yugo now before this committee indicate even ica. The gentleman from Ohio, I am slavia with food or supplies, I desire to more strongly than what transpired here sure, realizes that Yugoslavia and all bring to the attention of those charged yesterday exactly what we are trying to European nations have plenty of ster with the administration of the program do, and it seems to me unfortunate if any ling, The thing that Yugoslavia does the commodities of my district and State of us, sincere and honest-though we may not have and which most of the Euro which in my opinion, would be desirable be, permit ourselves to salve our own pean nations do not have is dollars. to send to Yugoslavia. One of these consciences by trying to hedge this bill What Yugoslavia needs desperately is foods is sweet potatoes. There is a sur about with amendments and think we dollars, and there is no chance of pay plus m the United Stat.es and the caloric are justified in supporting it. We are ing this money back. But we know content of sweet potatoes is the next either going to give this money or not, that Yugoslavia has an abundance of highest of all foods to wheat. Another and no amendment can make this any strategic materials which we so desper basic food that is available in my dis other kind of proposition. ately need and which are :flowing into trict is rice. This is one of the cheapest For 4 years I have gone along with all the United States stockpile. The rec foods available and at this tim.) is eagerly of our foreign· policy, with all of the ords show that since the spring of 1949 sought after by Asia and other countries foreign aid, and with all our endeavors the United States purchased 66 percent of the world. to strengthen the western democracies of Yugoslavia's copper export, 54 per I note from the Washington Food Re and extend our own influence. But here cent of its lead, 35 percent of its quick port of December 2 that under the orig we have something entirely different. silver, and 30 percent of its antimony. inal plan our Government contemplat.ed This is not aid to the friends of freedom These are materials that the United supplying Yugoslavia with the following as was the Marshall plan for the western States must have if the United States foods: Corn, 125,000 tons; :flour, 26,000 democracies. We know that this is is to remain strong, Yugoslav econ tons; oats, 60,000 tons, barley, 50,000 tribute, hush money, appeasement to an omy is very. weak. tons; dry peas, 30,000 tons; dry .beans, enemy. This is not building up our own If the United states is going to make 15,000 tons; rice, 5,000 tons, lard, 5,000 strength but is advertising our weakness. this a grant, or a loan, or an advance tons; dry skim milk, 6,000 tons; seeds, This is not creating good will but is in from practical considerations, let us be 18,000 tons. viting the contempt of the world. realistic about it; let us give them the If the above statement is correct, you Many years ago at a time in our his money, because basically we are never will note that provision is not made to tory when we said what we meant and going to get it back if we lend it to them. use sweet potatoes which is considered meant what we said, a great American We must approach this with a sense of one of the finest and most nutritious food spokesman stated: · realism. available. Not one cent for tribute but millions for Mr. FORD. Mr. Chairman, will the It will also be noted that while rice defense. ' gentleman yi~ld? is included in the program, only 5,000 -We have now come to the place, and Mr. RIBICOFF. I yield. tons of rice is allocated, under what is every one of us knows it, when we have Mr. FORD. ':'he gentleman gave fig presumed to be an allocation of $38,- lost the respect of the world. No first ures in regard to Yugoslavian exports to 000,000. class power in history has ever been so this cou'.'ltry, and so forth, from 1948 on. As stated above rice is considered a discredited, so disgraced, and so humi~ Has the gentleman any comparable basic food the world over, and since this iated as has our own country in the last. figures for prior years? basic food is also in surplus in the United few months. The time has come when Mr. RIBICOFF. No, .I am sorry, I States and is one of the cheapest foods out -from the American Congress should have not. · obtainable in the market at this. time, go the message that we are prepared to I should like to point out further that my people f.eel that there should be in make America strong, that we are not in the exchange of letters between the cluded in this program a greater amount spending any more time or effort in ap , United States and Yugoslavia over this of rice than that mentioned in the state peasing our enemies. particular proposed grant an agreement ment to which I refer. Certainly, rice This is nothing but an effort to try to will be entered into and a proposal has should be supplied in an amount equal to immobilize the power of the Yugoslavian been formulated: oats and barley-50,000 to 60,000 tons. Army, an attempt to buy it off. When 16530 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 13 the five American fliers were slain by the world that does not hate us and there is man circuses where early Christians air power of Yugoslavia, one of those not a country with any self respect but were martyred. . boys came from a town neighboring my what has a right to do it, because we Mr. NICHOLSON. Did they have a own. I remember the day when I talked are sticking our nose in everybody else's place for the American flag or the UN with his father and his mother. I ~d business instead of trying to take care of flag? not want to permit that experience to our own. Mr. HINSHAW. I trust they will have affect my judgment on this bill. I Ask me, Mr. Chairman, to appropriate a place for the American flag behind the wanted to accede to the request of the $100,000,000,000 for this country to pro Speaker's chair as usual. President, if I could, but the more I have vide rifles, tanks, airplanes, whatever. it Mr. Chairman, I am informed that listened the more I have become con may be, and I will vote for it, just the small busts of the men I have listed have vinced that the time has come when we same as everyone of you will. But, when been around the House Chamber since should let it be known that we are you attempt to tell somebody in Yugo early times, but, as any Member will tes through with appeasement; we are slavia, or make a trade with them, or tify, they were hardly noticeable. No"7 through with buying our peace; we are China or anyone else, we are not in a these men stand out all around the ready to make America strong and "not position to make trades. The~· are the Chamber in large modernistic medal one cent" in the words of that great ones that should make trades. So, we lions over the gallery doors. They are statesman "for tribute but millions for sit here and waste &n afternoon or two the most prominent decorations in the defense." afternoons over a paltry $85,000,000 and place. Why cannot we have such great Let us win back our own respect and tell the world that we are doing it to Americans as the signers of the Consti the respect of the world and let us start have some tramp army, as they say, take tution or such great American legislators here and now. I shall vote against this care of us. Well, we do not have any as Webster, Clay, Calhoun, and others bill. tramp armies in this country. We have in their places? Mr. NICHOLSON. Mr. Chairman, I the kind of boys that went to war when Mr. CARNAHAN. Mr. Chairman, I move to strike out the requisite number I did. I walked up the streets of Liver move to strike out the last word. of words. pool and an old woman said to me, Mr. Chairman, we are soon going to Mr. Chairman, I just listened to the "What are you doing here when the war vote on these amendments which are to wise words of the gentleman from New is all over?" Well, the war was all over determine whether or not the proposed Hampshire and I subscribe to ever~hing for them but it only just started for us aid to Yugoslavia is going to be in the he said. It seems to me that the time in 1917, and now we take on the responsi form of a loan or is to be a grant. We of appeasement has gone about as far as bility of carrying the load of the world on should give rather careful attention as it can go with people and the newspapers, our shoulders. to just what the economic results would political writers, and others, calling our The CHAIRMAN. The time of the be of making this a loan instead of a attention to these things. gentleman from Massachusetts has ex grant. It seems to me that in a country ·as pired. Yugoslavia, the same as any other great as our country is, a country that Mr. HINSHAW. Mr. Chairman, I country, has only one means of earning has the fundamentals of freedom at move to strike out the last word. dollars and that is through selling us heart, it is about time we start worrying Mr. Chairman, in the consideration of goous, through exp3rtin~ something to about the United States of America and this bill, and if you want to know what us. In the case of Yugoslavia, they are not be worried at all about this so-called has happened to the Government of the exporting to us strategic raw materials communism they are talking about, be United States, just walk over to the new such as copper, lead, mercury, and zinc. cause this country believes in the Chris House Chambers that are being prepared It uses the dollars acquired through these tian religion and we are going to fight for us to go into on the 3d day of Jan exports to service existing dollar loans, for it. We are going to fight for it may uary and look at the modernistic medal such as the $55,000,00.0 in credits which be with bullets or cannons or airplanes, lions that are placed over the entrances it has obtained from the Export-Import but whatever it may be we are going to into the galleries. They are medallions Bank, and to purchase from us raw ma fight just the same as the Christians of persons. Now, I will read the names terials, inculding cotton and capital have since the days of the Holy Roman of them to you. I have just now been goods which it buys from the United Empire. They cannot beat us. there and copied them down. I find two States. I talked with one o~ the most influen Americans among them, and I will ·give If we make this a loan instead of a tial men, in my opinion, who has ever you the entire list: Mason, Poethier, grant, the only result would be that served in this Congress for a great many Colbert, Edward I, Alfonso X, Gregory Yugoslavia's ability to service existing years. I go to him many times for ad IX, St. Louis, Justinian, Tribonian, Ly loans and to buy from us other products vice. A great many times I do not take curgus, Hammurabi, Moses, Solon, Pa would be reduced by the amount of the it, but I go to him just the same. He pinian, Caius, Maimonedes, Suleiman, loan. says that we are bribing Yugoslavia. Innocent III, de Montfort, Grotius, This bill provides for the shipment of That is all we are· doing. When did we Blackstone, Napoleon, and Jefferson. foodstuffs to Yugoslavia. Foodstuffs do sink so low, Mr. Chairman, when the Mr. O'KONSKI. No Tito? not in themselves produce additional great country that we represent here has Mr. IDNSHAW. No Tito. capital. This is an entirely different got to buy people to carry out battles Mr. MASON. No Trum~n? matter from shipping industrial equip for us? Mr. Chairman, I ain only just Mr. HINSHAW. No Truman. ment. Industrial equipment would in talking now for the people I know and I Mr. WHEELER. No Stalin? crease Yugoslavia's ability to earn. If have known for 60 years who believe in a Mr. HINSHAW. No Stalin. these funds were for the shipment of representative, constitutional govern Mr. WHEELER. No Attlee? capital equipment, then there would be ment. I want to say to you that the Mr. HINSHAW. No Attlee. more reason to insist that it be made a letters I get from them abhor the idea Mr. FULTON. No George . Washing loan, because the loan .would result in of trading with the enemy. We will ton? increased production in Yugoslavia with fight our own battles just as we have Mr. HINSHAW. No George Washing which to pay off foreign indebtedness. through the centuries and we will not ton that I ·could find anywhere in the I am quite in agreement with loans have to pay somebody to carry our bat Chamber. I understand, however, that for this purpose from the Export-Import tles. for us. Eighty-five million dollars. his portrait will be returned. Do we not Bank or from the International Bank, Does it not make you kind of laugh to have enough American heroes that we but I repeat, it is different from food sit here and think that we are selling out could find a place for them on these stuffs which are not capital producing. for $85,000,000 to some country that. has medallions? I ask you what has hap We would therefore gain nothing in the no use for us, th~t has shot our boys pened to our country. That room, with long run by insisting on making this a down in the war, and telling us where we its lo'vely pale blue above and its dark loan instead of a grant. could go? Well, they cannot do that to wood below, garnished in gold leaf that This bill will find its justification in me, Mr. Chairman, and they cannot do they are now putting on, looks something our strategic and political interests. We it to the people I represent. Eighty-five like a cross between a business chamber are trying to .strengthen the capacity of million dollars. We are just wasting ·of what the Good Book of Revelations the Yugoslavs to defend themselves time. There is not a country in this calls the whorl of Babylon and the Ro- against Soviet imperialism. We also 1950 ·CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1653f hope through this bill to strengthen the have cast it at all. · But the course ·of quiry, in all fairness to the American ties between the Yugoslav and the Amer history does not seem to have been ob taxpayer who is called on to foot the bill. ican peoples. I assume no one will claim served by many people. Shall I men On page 24 of the hearings before the that a loan would be as conducive to the tion another example? Korea. Cer House Committee on Foreign Affairs, Mr. ·attainment of these ends as would a tainly Korea was the creature of the Perkins of the State Department, As grant. Let us not lose sight of our main United Nations. 1 do not k:now all the sistant Secretary of State for Europe, objectives. issues. I am just a country lawyer from said in regard to the diet of Yugoslavia : Let us not kid ourselves that we have out in .the Mid-West, but I do know there The normal diet in the past has been 2,800 any real possibility of getting back a net were some ugly rumors that were going calories in Yugoslavia. The estimate is that, $38,000,000. I am sure all will agree with on inside of Korea before the outbreak. with the foodstuffs they have on hand, that me that if 10 years from now there has I would like to have ·seen my country will drop to about 2,300 calories.· been no war we will be glad to forget the appear before the United Nations and So the current drop is only about 500 $38,000,000. If war intervenes we will call for an investigation to right any in- calories. In answer to Mr. VoRYS' ques have no more chance of collecting the justice, or to determine whether there tion: loan from Yugoslavia than the prover was any injustice. Then I think we bial snowball. would have been on a much stronger That is, this contemplates no tightening Mr. JACOBS. Mr. Chairman, I move moral ground, if we would have gone in of their belts? to strike out the la~t word. when we went in to uphold the deci Mr. Perkins says: Mr. Chairman, no one who has ever sions of the United Nations. I wonder About 10 percent of their food ration. taken upon himself the responsibility of how many people had read the history Mr. VoRYS. But there has yet been no voting on these momentous issues and of Korea before the decisions were made. starvation or any real hunger there? no one who has studied history could The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. PERKINS. No; not .up to this moment, gentleman from Indiana [Mr. JACOBS] if that is what you mean. have listened to the words of the gentle Mrs. BoLTON. Do you mean in Yugoslavia? man from Massachusetts without feeling has expired. · Mr. VoR"l""S. Yes. there should be some discussion of why Mr. JACOB,S. Mr. Chairman, I ask the obvious fact which he stated here is unanimous consent to proceed for one Let us see what else there is. The gen a fact. We are approaching the Christ additional minute. tlewoman from Ohio [Mrs. BOLTON] on mas season. I came on e :e floor and The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection page 68 introduced this in the record of Members were talking about _appropriat- . to the request of the gentleman from the hearings from a newspaper clipping: ing $38,000,000 to feed starving people. Indiana? The hunger in Yuogslavia, once the gran I do not believe I would have had any There was no objection. ary of Europe, has its true cause in the foolish difficulty in voting for this measure on .Mr. JACOBS. Never since the estab and unnatural communistic economic plan lishment of Jamestown, save and except which has been imposed by a minority on the the basis of Christian charity. It cer masses of the Yugoslav people against their tainly is very little. I do not care how the time when the deal was made be will. the people who are dominated would get tween this Government under Theodore the food. They are human beings. But Roosevelt's administration and Taft Mr. Haggerty is a special agricultural I find this proposal to feed starving peo with reference to the Philippine Islands, assistant for our embassy in Yugoslavia. ple couched in warlike language. I find and even before Jamestown was laid out, He has been in Yugoslavia some months that for some reason I must agree with it had been the consistent historical fact making an investigation for this particu the gentleman from Massachusetts that that the Chinese were coming to the aid lar bill and this relief program. Mr. throughout. the world we have but few of the Koreans each time any outsider Haggerty says this in comment on the friends. It is one thing to proclaim that landed on that peninsula. I wonder newspaper clipping: you are a Christian. Sometimes it is how much consideration was given to all I would classify that as a half truth. It quite a different thing to practice Chris these things and to these rumors of in is true that during the three-odd years of tianity. I want to make a suggestion justice in Korea, or consideration given the Communist administration in Yugoslavia to explain why we have not won some to going before the United Nations and there has been economic deterioration in friends, let us say, in the Orient. We trying to get some decisions based on every .phase of the economy, agricultural as justice and equity. I do not know. I well as others. It is still true this year. support the United Nations. I do, and I There has been to a degree apathy on the always have. We must uphold its deci am not a member of the committee that part of the peasants to produce, those who sions. But I wonder if we have exercised handles this bill. I may vote for it, are in the collective farms, a great many of the influence we should exercise in ar simply because I am convincet.l it is best them having been coerced into joining. riving at those decisions. I find in read in the course we are going to take and 'I'hey have no great enthusiasm for it. They ing current history that France, if she not because I think it is the best course would just as soon see the collectives fail. · had 40 Joans of Arc and as many divi to take. Their attitude is "Let Henry do it." sions, could not protect her own conti The CHAIRMAN. The time of the And we might say here: "Let Uncle nental borders. Yet we are supporting gentleman from Indiana [Mr. JACOBS] Sam do it." France in trying to maintain a colcnial has again expired. Mr. Haggerty goes on to state: empire in the Orient. That is only one Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I move There has been this downward spiral, to of many examples. I would like to sup to strike out the last word. put a statistical handle on it-I would not port this measure on the basis of casting Mr. Chairman, the question on this state it as a final judgment-but just to bread upon the waters. But when I particular amendment or group of mustrate it, I would say that the fallen pro corne to the point that the very act of amendments is whether the amount shall duction between 1949 and 1950 might be passing the measure is in itself because of be a grant; which is a gift to Yugoslavia, due to the extent of 10 or 15 percent to gen the tenor of this debate a warlike meas or whether it will be a loan which she eral economic deterioration and apathy, and ure, I sometimes wonder whether or not will have to repay. The question comes the rest of it is due to the drought. we are a good deal like Bobby Burns' up whether this is an act of kindness or With about an 18 percent drop from Holy Willy, when we proclaim our Chris whether this is a strategic action. For 2,800 to 2,300 calories per day, it can be tianity, but our p:rnctice is certainly quite my part, I disagree with the gentleman seen that a large part of the cause is the different. from Indiana [Mr. JACOBS] and I agree inefficiency of the government even on I see in the press a great deal about with my colleague the gentleman from · Mr. Haggerty's own statement. praying. Almost everybody prays, but Montana [Mr. MANSFIELD], because he The question is whether 2,300 calories some people spell it with an "a" and some was frank enough to say to me yesterday, is sufficient for Yugoslavia during this people spell it with an "e." Sometimes in reply to my question, that this was not intervening period until the next crop that causes differences of opinion. In a humanitarian bill but was a strategic season. If you will go back to June 4, my judgment it may be necessary to pass bill, in order to obtain immobilization of 1948, page 7212 of the CONGRESSIONAL this bill because of the course we are fol 32 divisions in a possible conquest of RECORD, volume 94, part 6, you will find lowing. I say I may yet vote for it be Western Europe. )'hat is actually what where I had an amendment to increase cause being convinced that we will fol it purports to be. the daily·calorie ration of displaced pei.""- low that course, it will be better for our Then let us see if these people are iii sons in Germany from 1,550 calories that country i:o have cast this bread upon the dire straits or have the, ability to pay, was set up by our-Appropriations Com water with warlike language, than not to ! believe this is a legitimate point of in-._ mittee of this Congress to a mere 2,000 16532 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 13 calories. The amendment was voted Peru, 1,925. The South American coun sia, which cut off completely what trade down 102 to 37 by this Congress; we tries run much less than the current or economic intercourse was then going would not even continue to feed those rate of consumption in :Yugoslavia. How on, by all of the economic rules in the displaced persons 2,000 calories a day in about helping our South American book Yugoslavia should have completely 1948; on June 4, 1948, when we pa~sed friends, too? Japan has only 1,834 cal collapsed, which was the purpose of the the appropriation bill. The Umted ories today, and we certainly should en economic blockade. It is very much like States policy 011 Europe, and, for that courage them. Yet Yugoslavia, even as a doctor putting a thermometer in the matter, Yugoslav citizens who were dis they say under present drought condi patient's mouth and the temperature placed persons, was far short of the tions, has 2,300 calories. Pakistan has reads 120 degrees. By all medical rules calories now available to Yugoslavia. 2,028 and the Philippines are living on the patient should be dead, but somehow Let us see what else there is. Italy has 1,908 calories. Burma, 1,986; Ceylon, or other he is alive. helped out temporarily in this situation 1,918; China, 2,115. India lives on only The past record of the Yugoslav people in Yugoslavia, in the last few months. 1,621 calories daily. Yet we refused to is perfectly clear-they have exerted The CHAIRMAN. The time of the help India. We should assist our Indian themselves to the utmost to carry their · gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. FUL friends to obtain at least a subsistence own weight, and against great handicaps TON J has expired. standard, and I urge you to consider this and difficulties and there is no question Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I ask . problem. that they will continue to do everything unanimous cons~nt to proceed for three So you can see Yugoslavia is not on a they can for themselves before calling additional minutes. starvation basis because over half of' the for an outside helping hand. The The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection population of the world gets less calories drought of the past season, however, was to the request of the gentleman from today than the Yugoslavs have. The too much and now they do need an out Pennsylvania? Yugoslavs have been able to develop side helping hand. This aid of $38,000,- There was no objection. their agriculture and their agricultural 000 the State Department states has been Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Chairman, will commodities until they are living better pared down to the narrowest margin, the gentleman yield? than vne-half of the world's population. and even with this plus what other help Mr. FULTON. I yield. This bill is not upon a starvation basis at they may get from other countries, will Mr. BLATNIK. The gentleman men all as was stated. just enable them to pull through for the tioned that collectivization has some This is a matter solely of, "Do you want coming 6 months of this winter, and thing .to do with the decreased produc to pay for 32 dictator's divisions? Do then allow them to go on to their spring tivity of agriculture. you want to giv~ up principle to do planting and then to carry on on their Mr. FULTON. That is correct. The that?" If you do, you are not destroying own. productivity has been decreasing pro your so-called world enemies. You may Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, I gressively, according to the State De be destroying yourself. · move to strike out the last word. partment, .as the current Yugoslav Gov Feeding deserving people is an en Mr. Chairman, I would like to take ernment's collectivization program has tirely different thing from using their issue with the gentleman from Minne been pushed against the people's resist sons and forces in a play of power poli sota on the question of destruction in ance. tics. I want the long-suffering people of Yugoslavia. I traveled extensively Mr. BLATNIK. But will not the gen Yugoslavia and the whole world ade throughout some of the countries of tleman admit that of all the war torn quately f ea: but the purpose of this bill Europe which were affected by the war, countries of Europe the one that was is expediency and will cut off hope in and I also traveled a good deal through most devastated both in physical de America from the democratic and Yugoslavia. I saw less destruction in struction and loss of human life, loss of younger elements of Yugoslavia. Yugoslavia than I saw, for 1nstance, in livestock, which is the mainstay of life Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Chairman, I move Amsterdam, Holland, or in Frankfurt, and the principal means of tra.nsporta to strike out the requisite number of Germany or in Warsaw and other parts tion, that the destruction was by far words. of Poland, and I think his statement is more severe in Yugoslavia than in any Mr. Chairman, reference has just been open to a good deal of question. Of other part of Europe with one single made to the fact that a slight decrease in course there was destruction in Yugo . exception? productivity can be attributed to the col slavia but when he says there was more Mr. FULTON. That gets away from lectivization of the agricultural or rural than any other country in Europe I the issue. The problem here is why economy of Yugoslavia. That perhaps is would like to have some figures. I want Yugoslav current calories available have true. Other factors were mentioned. to tell you a little bit about how some fallen from 2,800 daily postwar, to a But the major factor was completely of that destruction came about. The present 2,300 calories. That war de overlooked. gentleman from Minnesota made a very struction did not prevent them from get Of all of the war-torn countries of Eu moving argument here yesterday about ting bar-k to 2,800 calories postwar, which rope the country that by far suffered the how many people were killed in Yugo everybody agrees was satisfactory before most severe and devastating and wide slavia during the late war and I will the collectivization program was pushed spread destruction of physical property, not question his figures. But I would during the last year or so. Let me pro means of livelihod, human life and live like to have a little information .about ceed. I will quote what the caloric in stock, which is basic to its economy, how many hundreds of thousands of take was for 1948-49 in Greece: It was which is primarily agrarian, that country those people were killed by Tito or Tito's only 2,468, and in 1947 it was 2,266. This was Yugoslavia. Other countries, such men. · I do know this, that on Easter was not as good as Yugoslavia. as Greece, which too suffered frightfully Sunday in Belgrade during the last year In Italy today there is only 2,243 cal through years of brutal occupation, then of the war and Easter Sunday in Bel ories a day being used by the peasants, rent assunder by internecine guerrilla grade does not come on Easter Sunday and yet Italy has been asked by us to warfare, Italy, France, England, and in the United States becau5e they do send aid to Yugoslavia to increase their others-all of these countries, needed not use the same calendar we do-Tito calories to 2,600 a day. And to tlie aid, and substantial aid to prevent them asked that American bombers bomb the Italians' everlasting credit, despite all from collapsing right after the war. city of Belgrade, which was not strate the history of trouble over Trieste, and They would have collapsed if they had gically important; he specified that day the previous threats from the Yugoslav not received substantial aid from our and he specified the hour. That day Government, they promptly complied. country. Aid which totals up into the and hour happened, purely by accident Now how about seeing the Italian calorie billions of dollars and runs over a period I suppose, to be on Easter Sunday when supply is increased to 2,800 daily? We of several years. the Serbs were coming out of the or like to see the people of Yugoslavia eat The surprising thing is not that there thodox churches. You can still hear better, and the same should hold true is a serious food crisis in Yugoslavia and about that in Belgrade today and I have for Italy. quite some economic hardship. The more than a little bit of reason to be May I point out that in 13 countries surprising thing is that they have not lieve that he did it for a purpose, and of the world, which contain over half of long ago collapsed. But they are still that purpose was that he wanted the the world's population, the people exist on their feet. After the economic ·sane- , Serbs, who have a natur~l affinity to on 2,000 to 2,300 calories a day: Brazil, tions and the economic blockade imposed ward the United States, to hate this 2,343; Chile, 2,35r; Colombia, 2,283; by the eastern satellite countries of Rus- country. Tito is like all Communists. 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HQUSE 16533 He knew at that time and he knows Mr. 'SUTTON. Mr. Chairman, ever up the calories for the people over in today where he is going and what he since this bill came up yesterday I have Yugoslavia, which is a Communist coun wants. There will not be any debate been on the floor listening to every Mem try, to more than 2,500 calories a day? in Belgrade about any conditions re ber who spoke, with the exception of the I wondered: Are we actually thinking of garding any aid ·we. give them. Why, gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. BLAT• America first of all? if you read the little bulletin that the NIK]. I was called to the office and did My friends, from a humanitarian Yugoslav ambassador put out, they even not get to hear him speak. I was trying standpoint you do not have to go out of tried to explain a way the fact that they to find some justification for supporting America to spend $38,000,000. You can do not have any elections in Yugoslavia. this proposal. go to my district in Tennessee and to the You go up in front of a whole lot of Yesterday evening when I went back to district of the gentleman from Massa people, election officials, and you pick. the office I called up the Library of Con chusetts [Mr. McCoRMACK], or any other up a ballot which says that you are for gress and had them browse through the district in the United States of America. Tito's ticket, and you put it in that box, RECORDS of 1938 and 1939 and find the You will find people starving. So from a or else you pick up a blank ballot which speech our majority leader the gentle- humanitarian standpoint you cannot means you are against the regime, and . man from Massachusetts [Mr. McCOR grant this $38,000,000 for that reason. in front of that same group you put MACK] made on Russia. I wish I had that These 32 divisions-my friends, you can it in the other box. The ambassador speech with me today. It is one of tlle not buy friends, it iJ true-bec::i.use when in this little bulletin says it is probably most beautiful speeches I have ever read. your money runs out your friends run out pretty hard for Americans to understand It was a condemnation of communism, of on you. If we want to appease somebody, this as being a democratic election. all forms of communism. That was at a if we want to buy somebody, if you think Well, some of the people in my district time when the gentleman from Massa that American dollars can buy fighting who came from Serbia could tell you chusetts [Mr. McCORMACK] asked that forces, why do we not appease China? in far more colorful language than would · the Ambassador from Russia be with They are fighting and killing our boys be appropriate here it is extremely hard drawn. He had logical reasoning then, today. Why do we not offer them some to picture that as being a democratic s9und reasoning. It was one of the most money? Maybe they will stop killing election. Yet that is the kind of an in logical talks I have ever read in my life. Americans over in Korea. They are vidual you are dealing with. Oh, yes, I wish some of you would go to the Li right at our throats now. Not one per I drove down into Serbia a year ago in brary of Congress and read that speech. son on this floor, not one person on this one instance the old lady in the door of We who were not privileged to be here committee, has said that Tito has vol this little peasant cottage told about at that time missed something. I sug unteered in any.way to give·us any aid at Tito's men coming to that door and call gest that you who were not here then all or any assurance for this $38,000,000. ing the husband out and asking why he read it, and I am sure you will feel just My friends, on what basis can you offer had not contributed more, and before as I do, you will hate communism just them the $38,000,000? They have criti he had a chance to answer they shot as our majority leader did then and as I cal materials that we need; yes. If they him down in front of- his grandchildren do and other Members do now. want to trade with us-if they want this and his children. Let us get down to a little realism. I food so badly, let us trade with them and For two · whole days we traveled am like my good friend and neighbor give them this food which they need for through Serbia. I talked to a good many down the hall from me, the gentleman the materials that we need. Let us think people those 2 days and the rest of the from Connecticut [Mr. RIBICOFF]. Let of America. We are in a critical stage week in Yugoslavia. Not one single per us stop, think, and listen, and get down today, more serious than many Ameri son did I find who, when he knew we were to realism. Some have said that this is can people think, and probably more se Americans, would say he was for Tito or to be done from a humanitarian stand rious than you and I think. We who are Tito's regime. As a matter of fact, w~th point, that we are asking for this $38,- at the age right ·now where the chances out knowing that they would not be re 000,000 to go to the aid of a starving are that we will have to go back should ported, they took their lives in their . people in . Yugoslavia. world war III come find this pretty seri hands and said, "Tito is no good. Tito About 3 weeks ago I had the privilege ous. I was just talking to Huao SIMs a is no good." If those people believed that of being in New York. I had never been few moments ago. He is 29 years of ag,e about him, what could anybody else· down in the Bowery. I had heard so and he is going back into the service of think about him? What is the use of much about it. his country. Many more of us will have kidding ourselves? You cannot put it on It is not an isolated spot. It is not the to go back if we get into an all-out war. a practical basis. You cannot put it on only spot like it in the United States of We have to think about these things. I a Christian basis, may I say to the gen America. I spent one entire Sunday af am thinking about all of America. tleman from Indiana [Mr. JACOBS], much ternoon walking through that section of Thirty-eight million dollars will buy a lot as I should like to go along with him on New York, the great metropolitan center of bullets. Thirty-eight million dollars that, because Tito is an atheist to begin of the world. My friends, had you gone will buy quite a bit of ammunition for the with. He does not believe in God. He through that section as I did, and had boys not only in Korea but wherever does not believe in good deeds. He does you seen those starving people-Ameri America might have to fight. not have any morals. You just cannot cans, true, patriotic Americans, just as My friends, think of America and may deal·with a man without morals on any patriotic as you and I are-then you God help America and God help you and basis that a moral people understand. It would think twice before you sent any to h-1 with Tito and these enemies of is just impossible to do it. I think we money across before taking care of those ours. ought to think about that a little bit be people I.ere. Then I came back to Wash Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I ask fore we go too far in committing our ington on Sunday afternoon, and on unanimous consent that all debate on selves on any sacrifice of principle in Monday afternoon I walked through the pending amendments to section 2 do dealing with a character of that kind. some of the alleys of Washington, D. C., now close. Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I ask the Nation's Capital, and the Capital of The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection unanimous consent that all debate on the world today, the place where the en to the request of the rentleman from this section and all amendments thereto tire world is looking for guidance. I went down on Ninth Street. I went South Ca:rnlina? close in 15 minutes. There was no objection. Mr. SUTTON. Mr. Chairman, some of through some of the alleys here in Wash us have been wanting to speak for about ington, D. C. The Bowery is not an iso The CHAIRMAN. The question is on an hour now, and we have not had a lated case. I saw men, American men, the amendment offered by the gentleman chance. I object. patriotic citizens of America, digging in from Ohio [Mr. VoRYsl to the amend The CHAIRMAN. Objection is heard. the garbage cans right here in Washing ment offered by the gentleman from Mr. SUTTON. Mr. Chairman, I move ton, D. C. You have seen them your Texas [Mr. BURLESON]. to strike out the last word and ask unani selves. Last evening when I was home Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I ask mous consent to proceed for five addi thinking about this bill I wondered: Are unanimous consent that the amendment tional minutes. we true to ourselves in appropriating may again be reported. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection $38,000,000 for people in Yugoslavia There bc:'.ng no objection, the Clerk to the request of the gentleman from when we are letting our own people again reported the Vorys amendment. Tennessee? starve-people who do not have 2,000 Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Mr. There was no objection. calories a day-and yet we want to build Chairman, a parliamentary inquiry. 1G534. DECEMBER 13 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will "(4) to stop imprisonment and persecu standing disputes they have with their state it. tion of eastern and Roman Catholics, and neighbors. · Mr. CASE of South Dakota. Is it the all persons because of their officia:L position or membership in the church of their choice, -The third condition is as follows: parliamentary situation that the vote or because of their religious beliefs; 3. To arrange for the release and return now comes on the amendment ottered by • "(5) to enforce adequately the provisions under United States and United Nations su the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. VORYS] of the Yugoslav Constitution to guarantee pervision of the Greek orphans, as well as to the Burleson amendment, the Burle freedom-of speech, religion, press, and as- .all orphans of whatever nationality talrnn -son amendment being the amendment sembly; . . , or held by the Yugoslav Government or its which takes the money from ECA, and "(6) to relinquish claim of dual citi,zenship agents. without legal right. the Vorys amendment making it avail in respect to nationals who have become citizens of other countries, including the Under this third condition, the Yugo- able either as a loan or a grant? Then, United States; · slav Government must give their assur following the vote on the amendment "(7) to conform to its obligations as a ance on the detained orphans, of what ottered by the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. me~ber_ nation of the United Nations." ever nationality, before the United States VoRYS], which I assume is in the nature representatives sit down to agree with of a perfecting amendment to the Burle Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, I them. son amendment, the vote will then come wish to reserve a point of order. May I The fourth condition is as fallows: ask the gentleman from Pennsylvania if on the amendment ottered by the gentle 1. To stop imprisonment and persecution man from South Dakota as a substitute he does not think that amendment of eastern and Roman Catholics, and all . for the Burleson amendment, either as would come to section 3 rather than sec persons because of their official position or amended or not? tion 2? membership in the church of their choice The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman is Mr. FULTON. The point of ottering or because o:f their religious beliefs. correct in his interpretation. it at this particular place is that before Under thfs fourth condition, we should The question is on the amendment to this question comes up the Yugoslavian · insist on release from imprisonment of the amendment. Government must give assurance as to The question was taken; and on a di these seven conditions. It could either all those now incarcerated, and freedom vision
16544 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 13 Virtually every speaker in behalf of Mr. COLMER. Mr. Chairman, I move Mr. COLMER. I ask unanimous con this measure has prefaced his or her to strike out the last word. sent to proceed for one additional min remarks with an apology and an at- Mr. Chairman, we have had 2 days of ute. tempted disclaimer for supporting Tito, debate on this very important measure; The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection an avowed communist, and the head of I think I should be the last person in the to the request of the gentleman from a government as ·dictatorial, ruthless, world to criticize the motives of anyone Mississippi? and brutal as there is in existence on who differs with me on this matter, but There was no objection. this earth today. I do want to give voice to one or two Mr. COLMER. Mr. Chairman, I took The specious argument is made that thoughts that are uppermost in my mind this floor during World War II and de somehow we can bribe or buy the friend- before this debate is finally closed. I fended assistance to Stalin and to Russia ship of this dictator; that this is another think just as you do-that we are in a in that crisis. I would do it again be of those calculated risks upon which we very deplorable condition as far as the cause we are up against a realistic propo must spend millions of dollars of the tax- world situation is concerned. I should sition, now faced with a Communist · payers' money. not be presumptuous ,enough to under- world headed by Stalin, as we were This Republic was nc:it built and it take to say that I know the answers, faced then with .a Fascist world headed will not endure on the basis of bribed but there are certain things that I do by Hitler. Let us not get into any re or purchased friendship. There is no know in my own common sense and com ligious or any political or any other kind mon judgment. Mistakes have been of motives about this problem. For if such thing. made. Some of you think it would be we lose out to Stalin, there will be no And I am one of those who are be- a mistake if we were to go through with religion permitted here and there will be coming nauseated by the use of this this recommendation, but I call your only one party here-the Communist phrase, calculated risk. It is used wh~n- attention to the fact that it would have party. It is purely a selfish proposition ever there is no adequate explanation been far better from our point of view and, in my humble judgment the gamble for an action that is being taken. In if this matter had never been debated is worth the taking. We are gambling the name of all that is fair and decent, before the Congress than for it to be de with a comparatively small stake for the how many more billions of dollars and bated and then relief denied. I hold no assistance of 32 Yugoslav divisions on how much more evil is to be committed brief for Tito any more than I hold a our side against our and other free peo in the name of calculated risk? brief for Stalin. I hope I will not be too ples' No. 1 enemy. There are those who have attempted intemperate in my language when I say Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, I move to to say there is a food shortage em er- that I differ with some Members who talk strike out the last word. gency in Yugoslavia. The gentleman about Tito as a Communist. I think Tito Mr. Chairman, as the gentleman from from Georgia [Mr. DAVIS] answered that is the same type of Communist that Mississippi [Mr. COLMER] has so well argument in a well-docl}mented state- Stalin is. They are both ruthless dic stated, we are indeed in a deplorable con ment earlier this afternoon. He offered tators; they are both political adven dition so far as the world situation is facts and figures to show you that pro- turers; they are both looking after them concerned. The problem is how to deal duction of most of the major crops in selves and using communism as a front with it so that we can save our country Yugoslavia is from 70 to 100 percent of to gain their own end. and freedom and Christian decency in normal. Now, what are we up against here? the world. We can perhaps gain some There are those supporting this meas- We are up against the proposition of help on how to decide the tough question ure who contend that Dictator Tito has whether we are going to make a grant or of ·whether or not to aid the Yugoslavs "broken" with another dictator by the a loan. It does not make any difference, and thereby aid their oppressor, Tito, by name of "Dear Old Joe" Stalin. Where for that matter, which it is, and I do not studying how we got where we are. I is there any convincing evidence that agree with the gentleman. from Ohio on think the one miscalculation above all there is more than a propaganda cleav- that. If we are going to do this, let us ·others which is responsible for the trou age between these two? There is not a do it graciously and get everything we ble we are in was this sort of faulty rea shred of evidence of a genuine rupture can out of it. You know as well as I soning with regarq to another Commu between Moscow and Belgrade. . know that you cannot satisfy yourself nist dictatorship, the Kremlin. The Is there the slightest reason to belieYe or your conscience, politically or other- pseudo-syllogism went like this: We are - that if real hatred .existed between Tito wise, with the thought that you are going fighting Hitler; we are a democracy. and Stalin that the Yugoslav dictator to make this a loan rather than a grant. The Soviet Union is fighting Hitler; would not have been put out of the way You are not going to get it paid back, therefore, it is a democracy. That was long ago? Have we forgotten the as- just like you are not going to get back the erroneous conclusion on which our sassination of Trotsky in Mexico· after he these other millions. Government based its whole postwar for broke with Stalin? Have we forgotten I want to be very realistic about this eign policy. That is why we are in such that Masaryk, the Czechoslevakian pa- thing, and I hope I may have the atten peril. triot, died in a fall from a window after tion of these gentlemen over here for I agree with the gentleman from Mis he publicly announced he would not be- whatever my v_iew may be worth. As I sissippi that it was proper for us to aid tray his people and his country by pointed out yesterday, this is a gamble, Stalin during the war. I do not have a cravenly becoming a puppet in the hands yes, · but it is such a small gamble. single regret about the $11,000,000,000 of the Communist regime in his native There are many people who believe that lend-lease we gave to Soviet Russia as a country? Tito is on our side. There are some who war policy. It saved thousands of Amer Are we gullible enough to believe that believe he is not on our side. To the ican lives. But it was a mistake to put Stalin and his hirelings could not ar- best of our knowledge and information our chips on Russian cooperation and range the exit of Tito and then, perhaps, to far he is not going along with the friendship as a peace policy. hang his assassins and place him in the Kremlin. During the war we had two enemies in position of a martyr? We have an opportunity here. Some- Europe. The first was Hitler, the second ! say to you that I am wholly uncon- body said we have already given them was the 'Kremlin. It was right to help vinced that there has been a complet3 three or four hundred million dollars. the second enemy overcome the first. It break between Tito and Stalin. For the comparatively small sum of was wrong to believe that because the ·s bi'll represents another foreign $38,000,000, as I pointed out, the·cost of Soviets were also fighting Hitler, they Thl a dozen modern bombers or the cost of were therefore a peace-loving democracy fraud that is being pe:i;petrated upon the 5 hours of world war rr, we have an and wanted the kind of world we want, American people by an administration opportunity to hold what we have over and would cooperate with us to build that is steadily bringing this Republic there and . to try to keep him on our that kind of a world. to the brink of destruction. side. I rather pride myself that my Now we are in a situation where our I refuse to be a party to the support committee, was among the first to advo first enemy is the Kremlin's conspiracy of human slavery in Yugoslavia and I cate a firm policy of dealing with Stalin to conquer the world. The enemy is not refuse to support the Truman adminis- and I pointed out what we were up ~ommunism as an economic theory or tration in its sordid deals and moral against 5% years ago. system, or communism in Yugoslavia. It sell-outs to such international crooks as The CHAIRMAN. The time of the is the world-wide armed Communist con- Tito. gentleman from Mississippi has expired. __ spiracy dedicated to conquest of every 1950 .CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16545 free peop1e and with ourselves as its Mr. MCCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I Tito is on the ground · of expediency in main: target, because ·we are all that move to strike out the last word. the national interest of the United stands between it and victory. It merely Mr. Chairman, no Member appreciates States, not "expediency'' alone, but "ex uses communism as a weapon to confuse, more ~an I do the thoughts tl}at are pediency" in the national interest of the mislead, and.soften other peoples up pre running through the minds of each and United States." The question is now paratory to hitting them with armed every Member of the House. No matter whether or not this bill, as amended, is violence from within as from without. how any Member may vote, I want them expedient in the national interest of our Since our first enemy is the conspiracy to know that I thoroughly respect the country. directed from the Kremlin, our first fine motives which prompt them to vote The second reason is human charity, concern. must be to weaken that con in accordance with their judgment. For to which the bishops referred in their spiracy. Surely no one believes that 15 years I have vigorously fought com telegrams read by the gentlem~n from ' Tito is a friend of the kind of world we munism in and out of the House of Rep New York [Mr. TAURIELLO]. If millions want any more than Stalin ever was. resentatives as well as prior to that, and of human beings were starving in China, But Tito is not a threat to our security .t have a long line of speeches on other even people subject to Mao, and· there and Stalin's power is. Tito is not on occasions testifying to · that fact. The was a bill before this body to try to bring our side but .be is not on the side of our Foreign Agent Registration Act is the· them re~ief from suffering, it would have · No. 1 enemy either. . McCormack Act. The provisions of the· to be a cold heart that would say "no," Whatever weakens the conspiracy that Smith bill, under· which the 11 Commu provided there were proper supervision · threatens the survival of the United nists were indicted and convicted in New · by the American Government. I would States helps us. To keep Yugoslavia in York, were first recommended by a spe- · agree that to give relief to .be adminis dependent weakens that conspiracy, cial committee of which I was chairman. tered by a C::>mmunist leader would be a . therefore it is in our interest, in my I said as long as 3 years ago that.Rus mistake, but if there were proper super judgment, to help him keep independent sia was using communism, and the vision by our Government, as a result of of and hostile to that conspiracy, thereby ideology of communism, as a smoke which we would be able to supervise the depriving it of Yugoslavia's potential screen for imperialism taking over coun relief given the human beings, I think strength and strategic location, and forc try after country, then following it up it would be a mighty good thing to do, ing Stalin to tie down part of forces in militarily, and ultimately aimed at the and it would be in accordance with those that area. United States of America. I have con principles that God him.self has given to It is not a question trying to gain the demned Tito, and I condemn him now. us, faith, hope, and charity, the greatest favor of Tito or of making a friend out of At this time and in connection with of which is charity. him, as some have suggested. It is a this bill, I am thinking of the United The CHAIRMAN. The time of the question of making as much trouble as States of America. That is my first in- . gentleman from Masachusetts has ex we can for our No. 1 enemy, Stalin's terest. During World War II we were pired. gang, and thereby reducing their threat dealing_with. . one devil, .we. were crossing Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, I to ourselves. the bridge with one devil, as my friend. ask unanimous consent to proceed for The question iS not whether Tito de from Minnesota in other language well five additional minutes. · serves our aid. Of course he does not said a few minutes ago. We had to help Th~ CHAIRMAN. Is there objection deserve our aid. · The questfon is wheth one devil to lick the other devil. If we to the request of the gentleman from er 'American boys deserve the better· did not lick the first devil first we would Massachusetts? chance to survive, which keeping Tito not be seated here today facing the sec There was no objection. in the right against Stalin may give . ond devil, so to speak, not only descrip- . Mr. McCORMACK. In Yugoslavia at . them. In this bill we are not trying to tively but in expressing my thoughts in. least 95 percent of the people believe in buy a friend; that cannot be done. We relation tO Stalin. God, just as you and I and the other are trying to make as much trouble as Looking at it from the angle of the Members of this body do. Their only possible for ·our enemy in order to keep· United States of America and our own misfortune is that they were born over the main threat to our world as divided national interest, the question is what, there and not here. If I were able to · and weakened as· possible. It is solely on should we do, not as a policy, not as a read the minds of the two bishops on the the basis of this hard-headed concern for principle, but as a matter of expediency. question of charity, I am strongly in our own youth and our own country that You and I and this generation of Amer clined to. think that they had that very · I feel we ought to help keep independent icans are faced with one of the most try important message from Christ Himself a force, which no matter how undemo ing periods not on:ly in our constitutional running through their minds; that the cratic, is weakening Stalin's conspiracy history but in the known history of time.· greatest gift of all is the gift of charity. which unless ·frustrated can lead to our We are the guardians of the future. Looking at it in the light of our own own· destruction. On this basis I believe Whether we like it or not, and I wish it national interest, what follows? We the bill should be passed. were otherwise, we are the guardians of have supervision. It is provided in the The Clerk read as follows: the future, because What we do in these bill. . It says, "to observe and supervise SEc. 6. All or any part of the assistance days will determine what the future will. without restriction the distribution by provided hereunder shall be promptly ter· be not only for the woi'ld, maybe, but at Yugoslavia of commodities and other as minated by the President- least for the United States of America. sistance made available under the au (a) whenever he determines that ( 1) As an American I want to see my thority of this act." Our policy of con Yugoslavia is not complying fully with the undertakings in the agreement entered into country strong as quickly as possible. . I tainment is over. We know that. This · under section 3 of this act, or is diverting have repeatedly said op. this floor and off is a rapidly changing world. We have from t he purpose of this act assistance pro this floor that there is one thing that to adjust ourselves and think in the light· vided hereunder; or (2) because of changed Stalin and his gang respect, and that is of the practicalities and realities. Un conditions continuance of assistance is un what they fear. The only thing they fortunately we have to think in the light necessary or undesirable, or no longer con fear is power greater than themselves. of expediency, too. That is the situation '. · sistent with the national interest or the for We have the potential power, an~ we had which confronts us. eign policy of the United States; better develop it just as quickly as we Whatever policy of containment we · (b) whenever the Congress, by concurrent resolution of both Houses, finds termination can, not only for a future decent world had is over; that was scrapped in China, · is desirable. but· for our first job, the best interests and crystallized in Korea. -.:,7e have to Termination of assistance to Yugoslavia of the United States. You and I of these uake ourselves strong, and then still try ur1der this section shall include the termina days are and must make our contribu to penetrate behind the iron curtain. tion of deliveries of all supplies scheduled tion toward preserving the Union which Suppose Tito was tied up with Stalin.. under this act and not yet delivered. we inherited and passing it on to future Assume that Stalin and Tito were em With the following committee amend.. generations for their benefit. bracing one another, and we are trying ment: As I view this situation, there are two to get behind the iron curtain. We _ aspects of it. There is the national in would spend much more than $38,000,000 Page 4, line 6, strike out "of both Houses." terest of the United States, based upon if we could do anything in Yugoslavia to. · . The committee amendment was agreed expediency. I have publicly stated the weaken those who dominate and control. to. only justification we have to -deal with It is not a question of what we lil{e. We I 16546 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE DECEMBER 13 want the people of Yugoslavia to have victions, and there shall be no discrimi We have spent billions upon billons of . their own form of government, freely se nation in particular against non-Com dollars in other countries in an effort to lected. But they are no~ in the position munists. Tito and his government will purchase friendship and military aid to do that. I will agree that at least 90 and sh9uld be watched very cloiwly. I should there come a time of need. It is 1Percent of them are against Tito from might say that, if he needs aid m the now apparent that, while the expendi the information I have received. But as future, the granting of it by our Gov ture of those billions may have accom between Stalin and Tito I think Tito rep ernment will depend upon what Tito plished something, England has, even resents to them the lesser of two evils. does during the next ·· several months. though it injured us, strengthened our In the light of that situation, having in A continuance of his persecutions will enemies, continued to trade with Rus mind our own expediency in the national not be tolerated by us. He should re sia and China, made it easier for the interest of the United States, what is the lease at once Archbishop Stepinac and Communists to kill our men. proper thing for us to do? It seems to the other Catholic priests, as well as the There is neither in the United Nations mt!, with the world situation as it exists archbishop of the Greek Orthodox nor in those nations which have sub today, with the opportunity of our Gov Church and the priests of his church scribed to the Atlantic Pact, one single ernment through its officials to go in who have been imprisoned, as well as nation which will go all out for the there w:'.th that penetration, a great deal . the nuns, and permit religious freedom United States of America. After all the of good can come. If it is actuai super to again exist in Yugoslavia. He should sacrifices we have made-after thou vision as it should be, and I hope the also stop the collectivization of the farm sands of our men have died in Korea Committee on Foreign Affairs, if this bill lands of his country. He will have to do England, to save Hong Kong, would de becomes law, will follow it up and see this from our angle; he should do it sert ,us in Asia, take into the UN an that it is actual supervision, a tremen from his own angle. He ought to know av9wed enemy. dous amount of good can come to us and now that Stalin will not deal with him; If we continue to follow the foreign to the national interests of our country that Stalin will liquidate him if he can. policy which we have had for the last to and a tremendous amount of good can He should realize that his future best in years, is it not true that we will not only :tlow from it, from a world-wide angle. terests lie with the Western World, and find ourcelves committed to fight in Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. he should, and, so far as we are con world war III, but that we will be forced Chairman, will the gentleman yield? cerned, must make internal adjustments to carry the burden of that war; and if Mr. McCORMACK. I yield. in Yugoslavia accordingly. during that war our interests come in Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. How Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. conflict with those of France or Britain, does he justify the encouragement and Chairma11, I move to strike out the last will they not desert us and leave us to continuance of communism any place in word, and I ask unanimous consent to stand alone? the world? revise and extend my remarks. If that be true, and that seems to be Mr. McCORMACK.- There is no justi The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection the opinion of our people, then is not the fication of communism. This is not a to the request of the· gentleman from first question for us this: What prospect justification. My ·position is not a justi Michigan? have we of winning world war III; of fication of communism. I am surprised There was no objection. successfully waging that war not only the gentleman should ask that que~tion. Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. all through Asia, but of going up into He ought to know that. · Chairman, committee work prevented Russia, attempting to conquer Russia? Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Does me yesterday from listenin~ to the de Is it not enough that our wounded men the gentleman think this bill will bate. It '.vas my privilege, however, this have frozen and, because of the cold, strengthen communism in Yugoslavia? morning to read the record of the de died, in Korea? Must others be sent to Mr. McCORMACK . . This bill, as I see bate that took place yesterday. · follow that long, long trail into and it, will help prevent Stalin from taking As I understand that debate, the argu .. through Siberia? Perhaps to lie un over Yugoslavia. . ment that was made by those who ad buried along the route followed by Na Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Will vocated the adoption of this bill-and poleon's aj:mies? it strengthen the continuance of com every one of the speakers, if I read ·cor Shall our young men beat our their munism in Yugoslavia? rectly, apologized for supporting it-was lives against the unsurmountable bar- · Mr. McCORMACK. Let me ask you: that there are two "vicious," "murder riers of cold and hunger which have de What about the national interests of the ing,'' "communistic'' crooks in Europe stroyed ev~ry army which ever went United States? · neither friendly to us-but we should north into Russia? , Mr. SIMPSON of Pensylvania. I have hire one of them to fight and weaken the Can we, if we stand alone-and mark asked the gentleman a question. other, hoping both will eventually be well my words, we will, before the end Mr. McCORMACK. Yes, and I have destroyed. answered the question in the course of is reachec1., stand alone-win wbrld war my remarks. The gentleman from Minnesota, Dr. III without destroying the R~public? , Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Will JUDD, who made as logical and convinc That is the practical question. Can we the gentleman agree that this will ing an argument as I think can be made win? If we win will we be a free nation? strengthen communism in Yugoslavia? in support of this bill, followed that sam~ A nation of free people? To my mind it Mr. McCORMACK. In my opinion, . line as did the remarks of the gentleman is a question that should be answered it will undermine it with American offi from Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK]. before we commit ourselves to follow cials going over there and supervising In theory, that argument may be along with this foreign policy which has and going in there freely, together with sound, but practically it does not work given us this disaster in Korea; taken all of the amendments which have been out that way. We "hired" Stalin to fight the lives of thousands of our men. A adopted. I am confident it will tend Hitler, but we overaided him, and now foreign policy which is calling, as the to swing the leaders of that country he threatens our national security. armed services called this morning, for more and more toward the Western We have no assurance that Stalin and 80,000 young men in January and an World, and if not it will enable us to Tito will not come to terms; that both, other 80,000 in February, and which, penetrate into Yugoslavia, and it is in l:eing Communists, wilI not eventually comes the end, will take every physically the best interests of the United States turn on us. and mentally qualified young man, ex of America and from the broad angle The gentleman from Minnesota, Dr. cept those required for production, into based upon expediency the passage of JuDD, said that our first consideration the armed services. t,his bill is to the best interests of our should be for the youth of our land, the Is it not time that we count our young country. security of the Nation. The gentleman men, count our resources, and determine Every one of us are in complete agree .. from Massachusetts [Mr. McCORMACK] whether or not we should now go on into ment about the viciousness of the reli .. said that our consideration-and I as world war III and fight it, perhaps alone. gious and civil persecutions that have sume that he meant· the same thing as Determine today, before we go further, gone on in Yugoslavia. Every one of us the gentleman from Minnesota, Dr. whether we can in Asia and in Russia win expects and shall demand that any re .. JUDD-was for the future welfare of our a world-wide war? lief given under this bill, if it passes, Nation. Both were right. No thought .. Is it not about time, as the gentleman shall be given to all persons without re .. ful man can even consider any other from Minnesota, Dr. JUDD, said, that we ~ard to their religious or political . con .. objective. think about our youth; and, as the gen-
• 1950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 16547 tleman from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc as amended, subject to th.e provisions of this Wigglesworth Wolverton Young CORMACK] said, that we think about the act.' Willis Woodhouse Zablocki Wilson, Okla. Woodru1f security of the Republic? "Renumber the following sections." Wilson, Tex. Yates Is it not about time that we consoli Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Speaker, l move dated our battle lines, and here in the NAYS-142 . the previous question on the motion to Albert Goodwin Nicholson .\mericas-take in South America, if you recommit. Allen, Ill. Graham Norrell wish-build a defense which will prove The previous question was ordered. Andersen, Green O'Brien, Mich. to be effective against any nation or any H. Carl Gross O'Hara, Minn. The SPEAKER. The question is on Anderson, Calif.Gwinn O'Konski combination of nations? the motion to recommit. Andresen, Hall, Patten Is it not our duty to first think of, to The question was taken; and on a di August H. Edwin Arthur Philbin first protect, the welfare of the United vision (demanded by Mr. VoRYS) there Arends Halleck Phillips, Calif. States of America? To think first of the Auchincloss Hand Pickett were-ayes 76, noes 173. Ba rden Harden Potter Republic, its security? . So the motion to recommit was re Baring Harris Poulson I cannot go along with a p0licy which jected. Barrett, Wyo. Harvey Quinn ·will involve us in a war which I do not Bates, Mass. Hays, Ohio Rankin The SPEAKER. The question is on Bennett, Mich. Heffernan Reed, Ill. believe we can win. I cannot go along the passage of the bill. Bishop Hill Reed, N. Y. with a war which will destroy the free Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, on that Blackney :EJinshaw Rees dom of our people. A war which will Boggs, Del. Hoeven . Robeson I demand the yeas and nays. Bolton, Md. Hoffman, Ill. Rogers, Fla. leave us weak and exhausted, easy prey The yeas and nays were ordered. Bosone Hoffman, Mich. Rogers, Mass. for a dictator. Let us get out of Korea, The questiou was taken; and .there Brown, Ohio Horan Rooney out of Asia, and, unless England, France, Burdick Hull St. George were-yeas 225, nays 142, not voting 62, Byrnes, Wis. Jackson, Calif. Sanborn and Western Europe, not only profess to as follows: Canfield James Saylor be willing to carry the brunt of the war [Roll No. 295) Carlyle Jenison Secrest ·but give concrete evidence of doing so, I Chiperfi.eld Jenkins Shafer YEAS-225 Clemente Jensen Short would get out of Europe. Clevenger Jonas Simpson, Ill. The welfare of my people, the security Abbitt Fugate Mills Abernethy Gamble Mitchell cotton Kearns Simpi;on, Pa. of the Republic, always has been, is now Addonizo Garmatz · Monroney Cox Kelley, Pa. Smith, Kans. and always will be, my first concern. I Allen, Calif. Gary Morgan Crawford Kilburn Smith, Wis. owe allegiance to no other people, to no Allen, La. Gathings Morrison Cunningham Kunkel Stefan Andrews Gordon Morton Curtis Lanham Sutton other nation-no, not even to that het Angell Gore Moulder Dague Latham Taber erogeneous collection-United Nations Aspinall Gossett Multer Davis, Ga. Lecompte Tackett self-satisfied, ambitious world politi Bailey Granahan Murdock Davis, Wis. LeFevre Towe Barrett, Pa. Granger Murphy Delaney Lind Velde cians, who, like leeches, ha'9'e attac~ed Bates, Ky. Grant Murray, Tenn. D'Ewart Lovre Vorys themselves to our Nation and, by forcmg Battle Gregory Noland Dondero McConnell Vursell our people's so!ls, brothers, husbands, Beall Guill Norblad Doughton McCulloch Weichel Beckworth Hagen Norton Ellsworth McDonough Wheeler and fathers into this war, are sucking Bennett, Fla. Hale O'Hara, Ill. Elston McGregor White, Calif. the lifebl'ood from our Republic. Bentsen Hall, . O'Neill Fallon McGuire White, Idaho The CHAIRMAN. Tt.e time of the Blatnik Leonard W. O'Sullivan Fellows Marcantonio Williams Boggs, La. Hardy Pace Fenton Martin, Iowa Wilson, Ind. gentleman from Michigan has expired. Bolling Harrison Passman Fulton Mason Winstead Under the rule, the Committee rises. Bolton, Ohio Havenner Patman Furcolo Miller, Nebr. Withrow Accordingly the Committee rose; and Bonner · Hays, Ark. Patterson George Morris Wolcott Boykin Hedrick Perkins Gilmer Murray, Wis. the Speaker having resumed the chair, Breen Heller Peterson Golden Nelson Mr. MCSWEENEY, Chairman of the Com Brooks Herlong Phillips, Tenn, NOT VOTING-62 mittee of the Whole House on the State Brown, Ga. Heselton Polk of the Union, reported that that Com Bryson Hobbs Preston Biemiller Jacobs Poage Buchanan Holifield Price Bramblett Jennings Powell mittee, having had under consideration Buckley, N. Y. Holmes Priest Brehm Jones, Ala. Rich the bill ~ 1°950 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE 16549 " (a) whenever he determines that ( 1) and any special orders heretofore en American Legion" and "American Legion": Yugoslavi a is not complying fully with th~ tered. to the Committee on the Judiciary. · undertakings in the agreement entered into H. R. 9908. A bill to amend the act incor under section 3 of this act, or is diverting EXTENSION OF REMARKS porating The American Legion so as to re from the purpose of this act assistance pro Mr. PATTERSON a.sked and was define eligibility for membership therein; to vided hereunder; or (2) because of changed given permission. to extend his remarks the Committee on the Judiciary. conditions, continuance of assistance is un and include a letter. By Mr. LECOMPTE: necessary or undesirable, or no longer con H. R. 9909. A bill to amend the act incor sistent with the national. interest or the Mr. WIDNALL