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Undp-Co-Anuario-2015.Pdf En esta décima edición del Anuario de Procesos de Paz se ana- lizan los conflictos en los que se llevan a cabo negociaciones para llegar a un acuerdo de paz, con independencia de que estas nego- ciaciones estén formalizadas, se encuentren en fase exploratoria, transcurran satisfactoriamente o, por el contrario, se encuentren estancadas o en plena crisis. También se analizan algunos casos donde las negociaciones o exploraciones son parciales, es decir, que no abarcan la totalidad de los grupos armados presentes en un país (caso de la India, por ejemplo). La mayoría de las negociacio- nes se refieren a conflictos armados, pero también se analizan bas- tantes contextos en los que, a pesar de que en la actualidad no se producen enfrentamientos armados de consideración, las partes no han alcanzado un acuerdo definitivo que acabe con las hostilidades y los contenciosos pendientes. Las negociaciones, por tanto, tienen sentido para evitar el inicio o el resurgimiento de nuevos enfrenta- mientos armados. Vicenç Fisas es director de la Escola de Cultura de Pau y titular de la Cátedra UNESCO sobre Paz y Derechos Humanos de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, doctor en estudios sobre paz por la Univer- sidad de Bradford, premio Nacional de Derechos Humanos 1988 y autor de más de treinta libros sobre conflictos, desarme e investi- gación sobre la paz. Algunos de los títulos publicados son: Manual de procesos de paz; Procesos de paz y negociación en conflictos armados; La paz es posible; y Cultura de paz y gestión de conflictos. cubierta_Procesos2015FINAL.indd 1 08/04/2015 9:10:52 Diseño: Lucas J. Wainer ISBN: 978-84-9888-653-5 Depósito Legal: B-14.344.2008 Este anuario ha sido elaborado por Vicenç Fisas, director de la Escola de Cultura de Pau de la UAB. El autor agradece la información facilitada por varias personas del equipo de investigación de la Escola, particularmente Josep Maria Royo, Jordi Urgell, Pamela Urrutia, Ana Villellas y María Villellas. Vicenç Fisas es también titular de la Cátedra UNESCO sobre Paz y Derechos Humanos de la UAB, doctor en estudios sobre paz por la Universidad de Bradford, premio Nacional de Derechos Humanos 1988 y autor de más de treinta libros sobre conflictos, desarme e investigación sobre la paz. Algunos de los títulos publicados son:Manual de procesos de paz; Procesos de paz y negociación en conflictos armados; La paz es posible; y Cultura de paz y gestión de conflictos. 4 Índice Glosario 7 India-Pakistán (Cachemira) 132 Pakistán 136 Presentación: definiciones y tipologías 13 Sudeste asiático 139 Birmania 139 Fases habituales en los procesos de Filipinas (MILF, NPA, MNLF) 147 negociación 15 Tailandia (sur) 160 Principales conclusiones del año 16 Europa 166 Sudeste de Europa 166 Los procesos de paz en 2014 19 Chipre 166 Kosovo 171 Los conflictos y los procesos de paz al Moldova (Transdniestria) 176 finalizar 2014 22 Turquía (PKK) 181 Ucrania 189 Los conflictos y los procesos de paz de los Cáucaso 199 últimos años 23 Armenia-Azerbaiyán 199 Georgia (Abjasia y Osetia del Sur) 204 Tema especial: ciudades de paz 26 Oriente Medio 211 Israel-Palestina 211 Análisis por países África 33 Anexos África Occidental 33 Mali 33 1. Frecuencia de las rondas negociadoras 219 Senegal (Casamance) 41 Cuerno de África 46 2. Las facilitaciones en los conflictos Etiopía (Ogadén) 46 analizados 220 Somalia 49 Sudán (Diálogo Nacional) 53 3. Cuéntame cómo pasó… Los espejos de la paz 221 a) Darfur 56 b) Kordofán sur y Nilo Azul 60 4. Ejemplos de mandos de grupos armados Sudán del Sur 63 que fueron liberados para participar en Sudán – Sudán del Sur 67 negociaciones de paz 222 Grandes Lagos y África Central 71 R. Centroafricana 71 5. Conflictos, procesos de paz y resoluciones RD Congo 75 del Consejo de Seguridad 223 Magreb y Norte de África 82 Libia 82 6. La gestión del pasado en algunos Sáhara Occidental 90 acuerdos de paz 224 América Latina 96 7. Procesos de paz de los últimos años 225 Colombia (ELN, FARC) 96 8. Webs de interés 237 Asia y Pacífico 117 Asia Meridional 117 Afganistán 117 India 123 a) Assam 123 b) Maipur 125 c) Nagalandia 127 La Escola de Cultura de Pau 5 Glosario ABSDF: All Burma Student’s Democratic Front BLA: Baloch Liberation Army (Pakistán) ACNUDH: Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los BLF: Baluchistan Liberation Front (Pakistán) Derechos Humanos BLT: Bodoland Liberation Tiger (India) ACNUR: Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas para los BM: Banco Mundial Refugiados BNLF: Bru National Liberation Front ACP: Alianza para la Consolidación de la Paz BONUCA: Oficina de las Naciones Unidas de Apoyo a la ADC: Alianza Democrática para el Cambio (Mali) Consolidación de la Paz en la R. Centroafricana ADF: Fuerzas Armadas Democráticas (RD Congo) BRA: Balochistan Republican Army (Pakistán) ADLF: Alianza de Fuerzas Democráticas para la Liberación del Congo BRN: Barisan Revolusi Nasional (Tailandia) ADSC: All Darfur Stakeholders Conference CAB: Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (Filipinas) AI: Amnistía Internacional CAIJP: Acuerdo por una Paz Inmediata y Justa AIAI: Al-Ittihad Al-Islami CARHRIHL: Acuerdo entre los equipos negociadores sobre AKIN: Red Americana de Información sobre los Kurdos Derecho Internacional Humanitario ALBA: Alternativa Bolivariana para la América CAVR: Comisión para la Acogida, la Verdad y la Reconciliación ALS: Alianza para la Liberación de Somalia CEDEAO: Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África AMIB: Misión de la Unidad Africana en Burundi Occidental AMM: Misión de Observación en Aceh CCN: Comisión de Conciliación Nacional AMIS: African (Union) Mission in the Sudan CCP: Colombianos y Colombianas por la Paz AMISOM: Fuerza de Paz de la UA para Somalia CCR: Comisión Consultiva para la Regionalización ANBP: Afghanistan New Beginning Programme CDH: Centro para el Diálogo Humanitario ANC: Arankan National Council CDHNU: Comisión de Derechos Humanos de las Naciones Unidas ANCD: National Alliance for Democratic Change CDN: Conferencia de Diálogo Nacional ANDDH: Asociación Nigerina para la Defensa de los Derechos CEEAC: Comunidad Económica de los Estados de África Central Humanos CEI: Comunidad de Estados Independientes ANP: Autoridad Nacional Palestina CEMAC: Comunidad Económica y Monetaria de los Países ANRAC: Agencia Nacional para el Relanzamiento de las de África Central Actividades Socioeconómicas en Casamance CEN-SAD: Comunidad de Estados del Sáhara y el Sahel AOD: Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo CERA: Coordinación de la Ex Resistencia Armada AP: Autoridad Palestina CFNI: Congreso Fundacional Nacional Iraquí APC: Autoridad Provisional de la Coalición CGN: Congreso General de la Nación (Libia) APCLS: Alliance des Patriots pour un Congo Libre et CHMT: Equipo de Monitoreo del Cese de Hostilidades (Uganda) Démocratique (RDC) CICR: Comité Internacional de la Cruz Roja APHC: All Parties Hurriyat Conference (Cachemira) CIDH: Comisión Interamericana de Derechos Humanos APRD: Ejército del Pueblo para la Restauración de la CIS: Comunidad de Estados Independientes República y la Democracia (RCA) CJMC: Comité Militar Conjunto del Alto al Fuego AQMI: Al Qaeda en el Magreb Islámico CLP: Consejo Legislativo Palestino ARLA: Ejército Revolucionario para la Revolución del Azaward CMFPR: Coordinadora de Movimientos Patrióticos de ARLPI: Acholi Religious Leaders Peace Initiative (Uganda) Resistencia (Mali) ARPCT: Alianza para la Restauración de la Paz y contra el CMI: Crisis Management Initiative Terrorismo (Somalia) CNA: Congreso Nacional Africano ARS: Alianza para la Reliberación de Somalia CNDD: Conseil National pour la Défense de la Démocratie ASEAN: Asociación de Naciones del Sudeste Asiático CNDP: Congrès National pour la Défense du Peuple (RD Congo) ASWJ: Ahl al-Sunna wal-Jama’a CNF: Chin National Front (Birmania) ATNM: Alliance Touareg Niger-Mali CNG: Congreso Nacional de la Nación (Libia) ATNMC: Alianza Tuareg del Norte del Mali CNP: Consejo Nacional de Paz (Colombia) AUC: Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia CNP: National Congress Party (Sudán) AUHIP: African Union High Level Panel on Sudan CNPO: Consejo Nacional para la Paz y el Orden (Tailandia) BDP: Peace and Democracy Party (Turquía) CNR: Comisión Nacional de Reconciliación BERSATU: Consejo del Pueblo Musulmán en Patán (Tailandia) CNRR: Comisión Nacional de Reparación y Reconciliación BGF: Border Guard Forces (guardias fronterizos) CNT: Convention Nationale du Tchad BID: Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo CNT: Consejo Nacional de Transición (Libia) BIFF: Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters COBRA: Grupo Especial de Combate (India) BINUB: Oficina Integrada de las Naciones Unidas en Burundi COCE: Comando Central del ELN (Colombia) BINUCA: Oficina Integrada de las Naciones Unidas para la CODESA: Conferencia para una Sudáfrica Democrática Coordinación de la Paz en la R. Centroafricana CODHES: Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el BIPP: Frente de Liberación Islámico de Pattani (Tailandia) Desplazamiento 7 COPAZ: Comisión Nacional para la Consolidación de la Paz FCD: Foro de Cabinda para el Diálogo CORCAS: Consejo Real Consultivo para el Sáhara FCN: Frente de Concordia Nacional (Iraq) CPA: Coalición del Pueblo de Azawad (Mali) FDD: Forces pour la Défense de la Démocratie CPI: Corte Penal Internacional FDLR: Fuerzas Democráticas para la Liberación de Rwanda CPI: Communist Party of India FDPC: Front Démocratique pour le Peuple Africaine (RCA) CPJP: Convention des Patriotes pour la Justice et la Paix (RCA) FECAT: Forum for Exiled Chadians in Central Africa CPLA: Cordillera People’s Liberation Army FFAA: Fuerzas Armadas gubernamentales CPN:
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