(Gobiidae:Sicydiaphiinae) from Ishigaki Island,Japan

Japanese Journal of Ichthyology 魚類学雑誌 Vol.26,No.1 1979 26巻1号1979年

Two New Species of Freshwater Gobies (Gobiidae:Sicydiaphiinae) from Ishigaki Island,Japan

Harumi Sakai and Morizumi Nakamura (Received December 18,1978)

Abstract Sicyopus leprurus and Lentipes armatus are described as new species of the Sicy- diaphiinae,Gobiidae,from a hill stream on Ishigaki Island,Ryukyu Islands,Japan.They are distinguishable from other species of each genus mainly in their squamation.Mor- phological comparison of four genera and six species of hill-stream sicydiaphiine gobies suggests that Sicyopterus is the highest and Sicyopus is the lowest in the degree of adapta- tion to torrential environments,Lentipes and Stiphodon are intermediate between Sicyopterus and Sicyopus.

Fishes of the gobiid subfamily Sicydia- phiinae inhabit various habitats ranging from offshore seas to mountain torrents.As hill- stream forms some thirty species are known in the world,of which four falling into three genera have been recorded from Japan:Sicyo- pterus japonicus(Tanaka)from middle and southern Japan(Nakamura,1975),Sicyo- pterus sp.,Stiphodon elegans(Steindachner) and Sicyopus zosterophorum(Bleeker)from the Ryukyu Islands(Kawanabe,1975).The two new species described in this study,Sicyopus leprurus and Lentipes armatus,were caught from a hill stream on Ishigaki Island of the Ryukyu Islands. Comparing five out of the six species now known from Japan and one species of Lentipes from the Hawaiian Islands and the Philip- pines,discussions are made on morphological relationships among the four genera.

Methods Counting and measuring procedures fol- Fig.1.Pelvic fins of Sicyopus leprurus in lateral lowed Hubbs and Lagler(1958).The alphabet top)and ventral(bottom)views,showing ( markings of sensory pores followed Prince the methods of measuring the length of th Akihito(1971)and Prince Akihito and Meguro fins(pfl)and its base(pfbl)used in this (1975).The methods of measuring the length study. of the pelvic fin and its base are shown in Fig.1.Counts for vertebrae and vertical fin Sicyopus leprurus,sp.nov. rays were taken from radiographs.Osteo- (New Japanese name:Kaeru-haze) logical observations were made on cleared (Fig.2) and stained specimens. Holotype:NSMT-P(Department of Zo- ology,National Science Museum,Tokyo)

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Fig.2.Sicyopus leprurus,sp.nov.A and B:Holotype,NSMT-P 15979,43.0 mm SL.C:Pelvic sucking disc of the holotype.

15979,adult male,43.0mm in standard length, its cycloid scales covering only the caudal 52.3mm in total length,collected from the peduncle and dentaries without horizontal Arakawa River,a small swift-running stream (=labial)teeth.Second dorsal rays 1,9;anal 1.5km long originating on a mountain at 300m rays 1,10;pectoral rays 14 or 15,branched above sea level,at about 500 m above its caudal rays 7+6 or 7+7.

mouth to the sea,lshigaki Island(24•‹20'N,

124•‹15'E),Okinawa Pref.,Japan,Oct.25. Description 1973. Total length,standard length and propor- Paratypes:NSMT-P 28619-1•`2,2 adult tional measurements in hundredths of stand- males,36.7 and 38.3mm in standard length ard or pelvic fin length are shown in Table 1.

(SL),NSMT-P 28619-3•`4,2 adult females, In the following counts,those of the holotype 35.9 and 42.6mm SL,Sept.2,1974;NSMT- are given first,followed by counts of the P 28174-1•`2,2 adult males,32.9 and 34.5 paratypes differing from those of the holotype. mm SL,NSMT-P 28174-3,adult female,35.1 Dorsal rays VI-1,9;anal rays I,10;pectoral mm SL,Sept.3,1974;NSMT-P 20774(cleared rays 15(14 or 15);pelvic rays I,5;branched and stained),adult female,36.1 mm SL,Aug. caudal rays 7+6(7+6 or 7+7);vertebrae 6,1977;YCM-P(Yokosuka City Museum) 10+16=26,urostylar vertebra is counted as 3976-1•`4,4 adult males,37.1•`41.7mm SL, one. YCM-P 3976-5•`6,adult females,33.7 and Body elongate,nearly cylindrical.Head 34.5 mm SL,Mar.21,1977;YCM-P 4089-1•` depressed,cheeks very swollen.Mouth hori- 6,6 adult males,32.0•`44.0mm SL,YCM-P zontal,upper jaw a little prominent.Poste- 4089-7•`10,4 adult females,31.8•`39.3mm rior end of maxillae extending below anterior SL,May 4,1977;all the paratypes were margin of eyes.Upper lip very thick.Snout collected from the type locality. not exceeding upper lip,nearly round in dorsal view.Anterior nostril a short slender Diagnosis tube positioned halfway between anterior A species of Sicyopus easily distinguishable margin of eye and anterior margin of snout. from other members of the genus chiefly by Posterior nostril a pore positioned halfway

―44― Sakai and Nakamura:New Freshwater Gobies between anterior margin of eye and anterior nostril.Gill opening narrow,extending from before upper margin to before lower margin of pectoral base.Spines of first dorsal fin not prolonged,nearly equal in length.Caudal fin round.Length of pelvic fin base about half the length of the fin.Scales cycloid, 19(14•`23) in longitudinal series,covering caudal peduncle.First gill arch with 3•`5 small gill rakers on lower limb. Cephalic lateral line system(Fig.3):Ante- rior oculoscapular canal with pores A',B,C, D (single),F and H';the pore A' positioned immediate inner side of anterior nostril; double canals between the pores C and D. Posterior oculoscapular canal with pores K' and L'.Preopercular canal with M'and O'. Pit organs are shown in Fig.3 as small black dots. Dentition (Fig.8A):A single row of conical curved teeth covering most of premaxillae

Fig.3.Cephalic lateral line system of Sicyopus

leprurus.NSMT-P 15979,holotype,43.0mm SL.Top,dorsal;middle,lateral;bottom,

ventral views.A'•`',pores of the anterior oculoscapular canal;K'•`L',pores of the

posterior oculoscapular canal;M'•`O',pores of the preopercular canal;•c,pit organs.

Table 1.Length and proportional measurements in hundredths of standard or pelvic fin length of Sicyopus leprurus and Lentipes armatus.

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Color in life:Body semitranslucent,uni- formly whitish brown,sometimes with dark broad transverse bands on side.In mature females,belly reddish orange.Margin of snout immediately above upper lip with a black horizontal stripe.Each dorsal fin rays with several dark spots. Color in formalin:Body dusky,other coloration same as when alive. Fig.4.Pelvic girdles of Sicyopus leprurus(A) and Lentipes armatus(B).sp,spine;sor, Etymology soft rays. The Greek lepros,meaning scaly,and oura, and dentaries,comparatively small and coarse- tail,alluding to the fact that the species is set in posterior part.Dentaries without hori- scaled only on the caudal peduncle. zontal teeth. Osteology:Articular and lateral processes Lentipes armatus,sp.nov. of premaxillae indistinct.Maxillae thick, (New Japanese name:Yoroi-bOzu-haze) twisted-pole-shaped(Fig.9A);anterior ends (Fig.5) inserted under premaxillae.Premaxillae fit- Holotype:NSMT-P 29296,adult male, ting into a concavity of twisted maxillae. 40.5mm in standard length,50.0mm in total Palatines somewhat T-shaped.No infra- length,collected from the Arakawa River at orbital bones.No mesopterygoids.Quad- about 500m from the river mouth,Ishigaki rates deeply forked.Sympletic and meta- Island(24•‹20'N,124•‹15'E),Okinawa Pref., pterygoid slender.Preoperculum broad,with- Japan,Sept.2,1974. out a process extending to posterior flange Paratypes:NSMT-P 28175,male,30.4mm of hyomandibular.Short downward process in standard length(SL);NSMT-P 29315(very on outer face of hyomandibular holding upper thin specimen),sex unknown,36.7mm SL; flange of preoperculum.Glossohyal long,its NSMT-P 20775(cleared and stained),sex tip truncate.Branchiostegals 5.Frontal unknown,37.5mm SL;all the paratypes were ridge large,forming posterior and dorsal parts collected from the type locality,Sept.3,1974. of orbit.Lateral ethmoid a laterally projecting fan-shaped bone forming the major por- Diagnosis tion of anterior wall of orbit.Supraoccipital A species of Lentipes easily distinguishable diamond-shaped,with a prominent anterior from other members of the genus chiefly by flange covering posterior part of frontal,and its squamation;anterior half of body covered with wedge-shaped lateral wings.Scapula with forked scales,posterior half of body and postcleithrum absent.Pelvic girdles with ctenoid scales laterally and with cycloid closely adjoining each other to form base of scales dorsally and ventrally.Second dor- sucking disc(Fig.4A).First dorsal fin with sal rays I,10;anal rays I,10;pectoral rays six pterygiophores;first pterygiophore between third18•`20;branched and fourth neuralcaudal spines,therays 7+6;scales last ptery-giophorebetweensixthand seventh neural middlefour pterygiophores dividedspines,the twopairs,each pair intoinserted in the inter-space betweentwoneural spines.An inter-neuralgap withoutpterygiophore between twofins.Dorsal ribsdorsalassociated with first twelfth vertebrae,lastto six almost freefromribs associated vertebrae.Ventralwith third tenth vertebrae,lastto four free from verte-brae.Caudal skeleton witha single epural.

―46― Sakai and Nakamura:New Freshwater Gohics

Fig.5.Lentipes armatus,sp.nov.A and B:Holotype,NSMT-P 29296,40.5mm SL.C:Pelvic sucking disc of the holotype.

in a longitudinal series 33•`35.A row of tricuspid teeth covering anterior half of premaxillae,followed by a row of conical teeth;dentaries with horizontal(=labial) teeth on anterior half.

Description Total length,standard length and proportional measurements in hundredths of standard or pelvic fin length are shown in Table 1.Counts of holotype are given first,followed by those of paratypes differing from those of the holotype.

Dorsal rays VI-I,10;anal rays 1,10;pectoral rays 20(18 or 19);pelvic rays I,5; branched caudal rays 7+6,scales in a longitudinal series 33(33•`35);vertebrae 10+16=

26,urostylar vertebra is counted as one. Body elongate,nearly cylindrical.Head obtuse,somewhat depressed.Mouth horizontal,upper jaw prominent.Posterior end of maxillae extending below middle of eyes. Cephalic lateral line system(Fig.7):An- Upper lip very thick,with wave-like clefts.Snout terior obtuse,exceedingoculoscapular canal upper with lip.Anteriorporesa shortslender tubeA',B. positioned halfway nostrilanteriormarginof betweeneye and anterior of snout.Posterior nostrilmargina pore halfway positionedbetween anteriormargin eye and ofanterior nostril.Gillopeningfrom before upper narrow,extendingmargin before lower tomargin of pectoral base.Spinesoffirst dorsalfin not prolonged,sixth short,otherspinesnearlyequal.Caudalround.Pelvic fins connected spineto form fin a comparativelylargestrongsucking disc,length its base longer than ofpelvic fin length.Anterior halfof bodywith forked scales(Figs.5B,6A)whichare more or lessem-bedded in skin,difficultto observefrom out-side unless stained;posteriorhalf of bodyctenoid withscaleslaterally(Figs.5B,6B)and with cycloid scalesdorsallyand ventrally and belly naked.Firstgill (Figs.5B,6C);head,napearch withoutgill rakers.

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Fig.7.Cephalic lateral line system of Lentipes Fig.6.Scales of Lentipes armatus,NSMT-P armatus.NSMT-P 29296,holotype,40.5mm 20775,37.5mm SL.A:A scale on anterior SL.Top,dorsal;middle,lateral;bottom, lateral part of the body.B:A scale on ventral views.A'•`H',pores of the anterior posterior lateral part of the body.C:A oculoscapular canal;K'•`L',pores of the scale on posterior dorsal part on the body. posterior oculoscapular canal;M'•`O',pores of the preopercular canal;•c,pit organs. C,D(single),F and H';the pore A'positioned immediate inner side of anterior half of outer margin.Horizontal teeth hidden nostril;double canals between the pores C in tough flesh of lower lip.Many parallel and D.Posterior oculoscapular canal with close-set series of replacement teeth forming pores K'and L'.Preopercular canal with M' a carpet-like fine patch,folded in gum be- and O'.Pit organs are shown in Fig.7 as tween outer side of premaxilla and inner side small black dots. of maxilla. Dentition(Fig.8C):A single row of close- Osteology:Lateral process of premaxillae set tricuspid teeth covering anterior half of pointed,articular process indistinct,ends of premaxillae,followed by a single row of premaxillae somewhat prolonged backward. coarse-set conical curved teeth.Dentaries Anterior ends of maxillae with an outer and with a row of conical curved teeth and with an inner processes(Fig.9C);premaxillae in- a row of slender horizontal teeth on anterior serted between these two processes.Palatines

―48― Sakai and Nakamura:New Freshwater Gobies

T-shaped.No infraorbital bones.No meso- phiine gobies occurring in Japan and all pterygoids.Quadrates broad,deeply forked. known species of Sicyopus and Lentipes are Sympletic and metapterygoid short and broad; distinguished according to the following the former with an angular downward expan- characters: sion and the latter with a smaller upward 1.Premaxillae covered with numerous close-

expansion.Preoperculum broad;no process set tricuspid teeth;dentaries with a row of extending to posterior flange of hyomandibular. conical teeth and a row of slender hori-

Short downward process on outer face of zontal teeth on outer margin. hyomandibular holding upper flange of pre- 1 a.Body entirely scaled;pelvic fin base

operculum.Glossohyal short,triangular,its longer than half pelvic fin length•c

tip somewhat rounded.Branchiostegals 5. Sicyopterus Frontal ridge large,forming posterior and 1b.Head and foremost part of body naked;

dorsal part of orbit.Lateral ethmoid a later- pelvic fin base as long as half pelvic ally projecting fan-shaped bone forming the fin length•cStiphodon major portion of anterior wall of orbit. 2.Close-set tricuspid teeth covering anterior Supraoccipital diamond-shaped,with a pro- half of premaxillae,followed posteriorly by minent anterior flange covering posterior part coarse-set conical teeth;dentaries with a of frontal.Scapula and postcleithrum ab- row of conical teeth and a row of horizontal sent.Pelvic girdles closely adjoined to form teeth on anterior half of outer margin;pel- base of sucking disc with large posterior part vic fin base longer than half pelvic fin directly supporting pelvic rays(Fig.4B).First length•cLentipes dorsal fin with six pterygiophores;first ptery- 2a.Posterior part of body with a few to giophore between third and fourth neural nearly 100 scattered cycloid scales(syn. spines,the last pterygiophore between sixth L.seminudus,after Maciolek,1977)•c and seventh neural spines,both of two pairs L concolor of middle four pterygiophores inserted in the 2b.Trunk covered with forked scales, interspace between two neural spines.An caudal peduncle with ctenoid and cycloid interneural gap without pterygiophore between scales•cL.armatus,sp.nov . two dorsal fins.Dorsal ribs associated with 3.Both premaxillae and dentaries with a first to fourteenth vertebrae,last three free row of conical teeth;pelvic fin base as long from vertebrae.Ventral ribs associated with as half pelvic fin length•cSicyopus third to tenth vertebrae,no rib free from verte- 3a.Body covered with 32•`35 ctenoid brae.Caudal skeleton with a single epural. scales in longitudinal series;pectoral fin Color in life:In male,body semitrans- rays 15 or 16;no horizontal teeth•c lucent,light brown;trunk with pale bluish S.zosterophorum tint.Basal half of second dorsal and anal 3b.Body covered with 35 ctenoid scales fins darker.Second dorsal fin with a small in longitudinal series;pectoral fin rays 17 distinct black dot on membrane between first or 18;horizontal teeth sometimes visible and second soft rays. Koumans,1953)•cS.balinense ( Color in formalin:Pale blue coloration of 3c.Body covered with about 55 ctenoid trunk disappeared,a few transverse dark scales in longitudinal series;no horizontal bands appeared on the trunk. teeth•cS.multisquamatus 3d.Caudal peduncle covered with cycloid Etymology scales,other part of body naked;no The Latin arma,meaning a suit of armor, horizontal teeth•cS.leprurus,sp.nov. alluding to the body of this species armored with forked scales. Comparison of four genera and six species of Sicydiaphiinae Key to four genera of Sicydiaphiinae and In table 2,comparison is made of Sicyopus species of Sicyopus and Lentipes zosterophorum,Sicyopus leprurus,Lentipes The four genera of the hill-stream sicydia- armatus,Stiphodon elegans and Sicyopterus

―49― 魚類学雑誌Japan.J.Ichthyol.26(1),1979 japonicus,all from Japan,and Lentipes con- osteological observations. color from the Hawaiian Islands and the The six species here examined are divided Philippines.No specimens of Lentipes con- into three groups according to their dentition. color were available at our disposal for 1)Sicyopus:the premaxillae and dentaries

A B

C D

E F

Fig.8.Dentition of six species of the Sicydiaphiinae.A:Sicyopus leprurus.B:Sicyopus zosterophorum.C:Lentipes armatus.D:Lentipes concolor.E:Stiphodon elegans. Sicyopterus japonicus.ht,horizontal teeth.Scales indicate 1mm.

―50― Sakai and Nakamura:New Freshwater Gobies

with conical teeth(Fig.8A,B).2)Lentipes: the anterior half of the premaxillae with tricuspid and the posterior half with conical teeth,the horizontal teeth present only on the anterior half of the dentaries(Fig.8C,D). 3)Stiphodon and Sicyopterus:the premaxillae with tricuspid teeth and the dentaries with In Sicyopus leprurus the premaxillae and the horizontal teeth along its entire length maxillae are firmly articulated together,and (Fig.8E,F). the maxillae do not move forward and down- The species of group 1 have a few gill ward.While in Sicyopterus japonicus the pre- rakers on the lower limb of the first gill arch, maxillae can be detouched from the maxillae whereas those belonging to groups 2 and 3 and are movable forward and downward. have none on the first gill arch. The degree of this mobility of the pre- In Sicyopus leprurus of group 1,the max- maxillae increases in the same order as in illae are twisted-pole-shaped(Fig.9A)and the complexity of the shape of the maxillae the head of the T-shaped palatines is small. and palatines. The maxillae and palatines of Sicyopterus In our feeding experiments,Sicyopus lep- japonicus of group 3 are of more compli- rurus and Sicyopus zosterophorum fed on water- cated shape;the maxillae are warped up- fleas.Lentipes armatus,Stiphodon elegans and ward and develop a broad outer lobe(Fig. Sicyopterus japonicus did not feed on such 9E)which forms a canopy over the pre- organisms,but scraped off and fed on algae maxillae,and the head of the T-shaped pala- attached to the glass wall of aquaria,using tines is large.Other species are intermediate theirbetween close-set them tricuspidin these characters(Tableteeth of the movable 2,seeFig.9).Theshape alsoof the maxillae andshift palatinesfrom simple to complicated in thefollowing sequence:Sicyopusleprurus-Sicyopus zosterophorum-Lentipes armatuselegans-Sicyopterusjaponicus. Stiphodon

Table 2.Comparison of selected characters in the six species of hill-stream Sicydiaphiinae.int ., intermediate condition between Sicyopus leprurus and Sicyopterus japonicus .

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Sicyopus leprurus,Sicyopus zosterophorum and Stiphodon elegans have a relatively short C base of the pelvic fins,while Lentipes armatus, Lentipes concolor and Sicyopterus japonicus have a relatively broad base.Five species other than Lentipes concolor occur sympat- rically in the Arakawa River,Ishigaki Island, D where all of the three species possessing a short base live in sluggish sections,and the broad-fin-based Lentipes armatus and Sicyo- pterus japonicus inhabit both slow-flowing and torrential sections.Life in torrents should require a strong sucking power of the pelvic disc,and the increase in the sucking power E may have been accomplished partly by broad- ening the base of the disc.Hora(1932)re- ferred to a similar adaptive change in homalopterid and gastromyzonid fishes. Sicyopterus japonicus differs from the other five species in the pattern of sensory canals (Table 2).Takagi(1962)recognizes the phyletic significance of the reduction or suppression of the canals,noting that Sicyopterus japonicus Fig.9.Maxillae of five species of the Sicy- is among the most primitive in the patterns diaphiinae.A:Sicyopus leprurus.B:Sicy- of sensory canals of all gobiid fishes.Prince opus zosterophorum.C:Lentipes armatus.D: Stiphodon elegans.E:Sicyopterus japonicus. Akihito(1971)indicates the peculiarity in canal patterns of this species.At present premaxillae.Sicyopterus japonicus is known it seems impossible to elucidate the phyletic to feed on diatoms and blue-green algae significance of the peculiarity in sensory canals growing on the surface of river stones(DOW of this species. and Mito,1955). The skull,shoulder girdle and caudal skele- These observations on the mouth structure ton are similar in their components in the and feeding habits indicate that species with five species.Vertebral counts and the dis- tricuspid teeth,horizontal teeth,complicated tributional pattern of the pterygiophores maxillae and palatines,greatly movable pre- the of first dorsal fin are also similar maxillae,and no gill rakers on the first gill (for these characters,see descriptions of the arch are herbivorous,and those with conical two new species).Five species other than teeth,no horizontal teeth,simple maxillae Sicyopterus japonicus have the same pattern and palatines,less movable premaxillae,and of the sensory canals,as mentioned above. a few gill rakers on the first gill arch are not Furthermore,Lentipes armatus,Stiphodon herbivorous.Horizontal and tricuspid teeth elegans and Sicyopterus japonicus share the and other oral structures seen in Lentipes mechanism of replacing tricuspid teeth(see armatus,Stiphodon elegans and Sicyopterus description of Lentipes armatus).These japonicus should be highly specialized char-acters featuresadapted indicate to a closeherbivorous relationships mode ofof life.Similarthesespecializationsof mouth structurewith herbivorous habit correlatedareknown some other in teleosts suchas PlecoglossusandIles,1972;Greenwood,1974). altivelis(e.g.Iwai,1962),Salariini(e .g.Norman,1943;Smith-Vaniz,1976),Cichlidae(e.g.Fryer

―52― Sakai and Nakamura:New Freshwater Gobies

hill-stream sicydiaphiine gobies. Based on the structures of the oral region and pelvic discSicyopterus japonicus is con- sidered to represent the highest degree of adaptive modification to torrential envioron- mentsand Sicyopus leprurus the lowest.In Stiphodon elegansthe mouth is greatly modi- fiedbut the pelvic disc is not specialized. On the contraryLentipes armatus and L. concolor are less specialized in mouth struc- turesand specialized in the pelvic disc.

Comparative materials

Sicyopterus japonicus(Tanaka).NSMT-P We are grateful to Mr.Alwyne Wheeler, 20778-1•`3 cleared and stained specimens British Museum(Natural History),London, 59.8•`6.7mm SLfrom the Shimonokae for the loan of the holotype of L.seminudus, RiverKochi Pref.Sept.281977; NSMT-P Dr.Stanley H.Weitzman,United States 29003-1•`5 specimens 52.5•`67.6mm SL National Museum,Smithsonian Institution, from the Naoto RiverAmami-oshima Island Washington,for the loan of specimens of L. Kagoshima Pref.Aug.171975. concolor,and Mr.Shinsho Nishijima,Ryu- Stiphodon elegans(Steindachner).NSMT-P kyu University,and the Association for Study 207791 cleared and stained specimen29.3 of Aquatic Organisms(Suisan Seibutsu Ken- mm SLAug.61977; NSMT-P 28173-1•`3 kyu kai)of the Tokyo University of Fisheries 3 specimens25.0 33.9mm SLSept.31974; for providing specimens of S.zosterophorum. NSMT-P 281681 specimen34.9mm SL Sept.21974; all specimens were collected Literature cited from the Arakawa RiverIshigaki Island Akihito, Prince. 1971. On the supratemporals of Okinawa Pref. gobiid fishes. Japan. J. Ichthyol. ,18(2): 57•`64, Sicyopus zosterophorum(Bleeker).NSMT-P figs. 1•`2. (In Japanese with English summary). 207811 cleared and stained specimen39.6 Akihito, Prince and K. Meguro. 1975. On a goby

mm SLNSMT-P 207821 specimen34.3 Pseudogobius javanicus from Okinawa Prefecture, mm SLfrom the Miyara RiverIshigaki Japan. Japan. J. Ichthyol., 22(1):46-48, figs. IslandOkinawa Pref.,Aug.7,1973; NSMT- 1•`2.(In Japanese with English summary). 29314,1 specimen,37.4mm SL,from the Dotu, Y. and S. Mito. 1955. Life history of a Arakawa River,Ishigaki Island,Okinawa gobioid fish, Sicydium japonicum Tanaka. Sci. Bull. Fac. Agr. Kyushu Univ., 15(2): 213•`221, Pref.,Sept.2,1974; NSMT-P 20783,1 speci- figs. 1•`4.(In Japanese with English summary). men,30.7mm SL,from the Tema River, Fryer, G. and T. D. Iles. 1972. The cichlid fishes Okinawa Island,Okinawa Pref.,Mar.,1974. of the great lakes of Africa. Their biology and Lentipes concolor(Gill).BMHN(British evolution. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh, xvi+641 Museum,London,Natural History) 581, pp., 349 figs., 1+9 pls. holotype of L.seminudus,41.5mm SL, Greenwood, P. H. 1974. The cichlid fishes of Lake from Honolulu,Hawaiian Ishlands; USNM Victoria, East Africa: the biology and evolution (United States National Museum,Washington) of a species flock. Bull. Brit. Mus. Nat. Hist. 82888 in part,1 specimen,53.4mm SL,from Zool.), 6: 1•`134, figs. 1•`77, pl. 1. ( Maui Island,Hawaiian Islands; USNM Hora, S. L. 1932. Classification, bionomics and 83078,1 specimen,68.4mm SL,from Manila, evolution of homalopterid fishes. Mem. Ind. Mus., 12: 263•`330, figs. 1•`4, pls. X•`XII. Philippines. Hubbs, C. L. and K. F. Lagler. 1958. Fishes of the Great Lakes region. Bull. Crandrook Inst. Acknowledgments Sci.,(26): xi+213 pp., 251 figs., 44 pls. We are grateful to Dr.Fujio Yasuda of Iwai, T. 1962. Studies on the Plecoglossus altivelis the Tokyo University of Fisheries,for his valuableproblems: adviceembryology and criticaland histophysiologyreading of theof Takimanuscript.Dr.Yasuhikoof theuniversity sameprovidedmany usefulcom-ments.Our thanks are also due to Dr.RyoichiAraiofthe Department of Zoology,National ScienceMuseum,Tokyo,andMr.Katsusuke Meguro of the Crown Prince's for their Palaceinvaluable suggestions,toSato and Haruyasu Ishi-zuka,forcollecting Messrs.Mitsuakimaterials,and to Mr.Masayoshi Hayashiof the Yokosuka City for Musuemproviding materialsfor this study.

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digestive and osmoregulatlry organs. Bull. in the Japanese waters on the comparative mor- Misaki Mar. Biol. Inst., Kyoto Univ.,(2): 1•` phology, phylogeny, taxonomy, distribution and 101, figs. 1•`37. bionomics. Private mimeograph edition, iii+ Kawanabe, H. 1975. Four fresh water gobies new 273 pp., 47 figs.(In Japanese with English to fauna of the Ryukyu Islands, first discovered summary). by Mr. Shinsho Nishijima. The Freshwater Fishes, (1): 79.(In Japanese). (HS: Ichthyological Labolatory, Tokyo Univer- Koumans, F. P. 1953. Gobioidea. In Weber and sity of Fisheries, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo de Beaufort: The fishes of the Indo-Australian 108; MN: Department of Zoology, National

Archipelago. X. E. J. Brill, Leiden, 423 pp., SCience Museum, Tokyo, 3-23-1 Hyakunin-cho, 95 figs. Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160, Japan). Maciolek, J. A. 1977. Taxonomic status, biology,

and distribution of Hawaiian Lentipes, a dia- 石垣島の渓流から得られたボウズハゼ亜科の2新種 dromous goby. Pac. Sci., 31 (4): 355•`362, figs. 酒井治己・中村守純 1•`3. 琉球列島石垣島の渓流から得られたボウズハゼ亜科 Nakamura, M. 1975. Keys to the freshwater fishes の2新種,カエルハゼSicyopus leprurus,ヨロイボウ of Japan fully illustrated in colors. 5th. ed. ズハゼLentipes armatusを記載した.これら2種は Hokuryukan, Tokyo, 260 pp., 175+12+12+3 それぞれの属の他種と,鱗の配列様式によって区別で figs.(In Japanese). きる.また,渓流産ボウズハゼ亜科4属6種について, Norman, J. R. 1943. Notes on the blennioid その形質を比較した結果,渓流環境に対する適応の程 fishes. I. A provisional synopsis of the genera 度は,ボウズハゼ属Sicyopterusが最も高く,フデハ of the family Blenniidae. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ゼ属Sicｖopusが最も低く,ヨロイボウズハゼ属Len- ser. 11, 10 (72): 793•`812. tipesおよびナンヨウボウズハゼ属Stiphodonがそれ Smith-Vaniz, W. F. 1976. The saber-toothed らの中間的度合を示した. blennies, tribe Nemophini (Pisces: Blenniidae). Acad. Nat Sci. Philadelphia, Monograph 19: i•` (酒井:108東京都港区港南4-5-7東京水産大学魚類 vii, 1•`196, figs. 1•`179. 学講座;中村:160東京都新宿区百人町3-23-1国立 Takagi, K. 1962. Studies on the gobioid fishes 科学博物館動物研究部)

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