KANE BOROUGH COUNCIL

Mayor

Edgar D. James

Councilmen

John Carlson Elmer Jones Ron Benson Dan Scanzoni John Mays Tom VanGeisen John Park Richard Bostaph

Kane Borouah Plannina Commission

Robert Himes, Director Ed mjancic Lawrence McCluskey Ruth Streit Conrad Anderson

Borough Manager William Perry 1 McKean County Planning Commission

Terry L. Hess, Director Sara Ryan, Planner Patricia Milliron, Secretary

THE PREPARATION OF THIS REPORT WAS FINANCED IN PART THROUGH A CONPHEIICNSIVE PLANt!IXG GRANT FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND UR3AN UCVELCPXElrT UNDER THE PROV:SIOWS OF SECTION 701 OF THE i:ObSINS 9.CT OF 1354. 45 ALENSED. AOhll>llSTiRED DY THE PENN- SYLVAl~LaDEPARTXENT OF COMMUNLTY AFFAIRS. BUREAU Of PLANNING. RESOLUTION

WHEREAS, the Kane Borough Planning Commission was created by the

Kane Borough Council in accordance with the provisions of Ack247

(Pennsylvania Municipalities Planning Code), as amended, and

WHEREAS, the Borough Planning Commission was authorized to pre- pare a Borough Comprehensive Plan in the best interests of the physical development of the Borough, and

WHEREAS, the Borough Planning Commission has prepared a Borough

Comprehensive Plan entitled "Comprehensive Plan for the Borough of

Kane" which includes maps, charts and textual matter based upon care- ful studies and the best available in formation assessing all the factors of Borough physical development.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the attached Comprehensive

Plan be adopted by the Kane Borough Council to serve as the official guide for the future development of the Borough.

Adopted at a regular meeting of the Kane Borough Council, I I I I ABSTRACT The Kane Borough Comprehensive Plan is divided into eight primary background sections. Section One gives a brief history 1 of the Borough, while Section Two goes into some detail on natural features. Several maps are included. I Section Three provides information on community facilities and utilities; while Section Four deals with social and income characteristics of the local populace. Fiscal and economic conditions are discussed in Section Five, and transportation I through the Borough is the subject of Section Six. Section Seven details the various important historical sites and struc- tures in the Borough, while Section Eight presents existing land I use and land use problems.

Sixteen tabies and nine maps are used to provide emphasis I for much of the data and information presented concerning the Borouqh. t 1 I I I I TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I COmUnity Objectives for Future Development ...... 1 Kane-ABriefHistory ...... 1 I NaturalFeatures ...... 2 Community Facilities and Utilities ...... 6

I Socialand Income Characteristics ...... 11 1 Fiscal/Economic Conditions ...... 17 Transportation ...... 24 .. I Historical Resources ...... 28 ~ndUse...... 30

I Findings. Results. Recommendations ...... 33

I TABLES 1. Comparisons Among County School Districts...... 9

2 . Population Growth Trends. 1900 . 1975 ...... 12 I 3 . Population Projectsions ...... 12 4 . Distribution of Minorities, 1970 ...... 13 I 5 . Percentage Comparisons - Male Sex...... 13 6 . McKean County Age/Sex Comparisons...... 14 I 7 . social and Income Statistics. 1970 ...... 15 I 8 . Selected Statistics of the Municipalities ...... 16 I TABLES continued: Page

9 . Kane Borough Tax Recapitulation ...... 18

10 . Kane Borough Expenditures. 1975. 1976. 1977...... 19

11. Kane Borough Revenues 1975. 1976. 1977 ...... 19

12 . Financial Statistics for Manufacturing Industries ...... 20

13. Taxstructure ...... 21 14 . Retail Trade Statistics. 1972 ...... 22

15 . Retail Trade Statistics. 1972 continued ...... 23

.. 16 . Municipality Road Mileage ...... 25

MAPS

Topography.Elevation ...... 3

Slope ...... 4 Geology-Bedrock ...... 4 SoilTypes ...... 5

Kane Area School District ...... 7

KaneSewageSystem ...... 10 Trafficvolumes ...... 25

Existing Rail Lines 1978 ...... 27

KaneBoroughLaneUse ...... 32

New Developments In Kane Borough ...... 35

State Transportation Routes and Rail Lines in Km.e Borough ...... 38 1. To achieve the Iliahest and best use of borough land.

2. To nrotect transportation corridors.

3. To establish a realistic population density control.

4. To effectuate a logical roadand street pattern designed to adeuuately serve business, industry, and residents.

5. To maintain a separation of land uses necessary to protect the neighborhood environment.

6. To guide development with a view of providing adequate and economical community facilities and utilities.

7. To achieve adequate .public protection.

8. To permit economical installation of sanitary sewers and t re a tmen t f ac i 1i tie s .

i I I I I This area of Pennsylvania was the hunting place for Seneca Indians during the 1600's. In 1681 King Charles of England granted I a vast tract of land in the New World to William Penn. The tract included the area of McKean County. It was not until a relatively late date in the development of the county that the southwestern part of McKean County was opened up. General Thomas L. Kane, a I famed Civil War colonel in command of that war's "Bucktail Regiment", came in 1859 to survey the territory and in 1860 founded the city which bears his name. When the war was over he returned and devoted I his efforts to promoting and developing the town. Settlers were attracted, business encouraged, timber mills established, and in a few years Kane became a thriving community in the county. In later I years it prospered even more when the Pennsylvania Railroad extended service to Kane in 1864 and natural gas and oil were discovered in 1885.

I Lumbering in the early days was the major industry. Following the production of gas and oil in the Jo Jo area, Kane had a new industrial horizon opened with the glass industry which flourished I until its decline began in 1920. During World War 11, the new indus- try of electronics was beginning and resulted in Kane's industrial growth in electronic components manufacture.

I The town was incorporated as a Borough in October, 1886 from Wetmore Township. The 1970 census figures list Kane with 5,001 I persons. I I 1 - 1- NATURAL FEATURES The physical developent of the Kane area reflects the influ- ences of natural features such as topography, slope, soils, geology, etc. Urban development is on the plateaus and along stream valleys. There are very few physical restrictions to development in Kane. Borough. Only a.smal1 portion of the Borough ne* Glenwood Park is restricted by steep slopes. _.

The physiographic elements affecting the 1.7 square miles in Kane Borough are climate, topography, slope, soils, geology, streams and drainage and forest areas.

C1imate

The climate of McKean County, the Allegany High Plateau, is best classified as Humid Continental. Most weather systems affecting the area originate in Canada to the Great Lakes, particularly Lake Erie, serving as a significant source of moisture during the cold months. ,

McKean County's micro-climate is characterized by cold, snowy severe winters; short, warm s-ers, and an even 42 inch annual pre- cipitation which usually occurs at frequent intervals in relatively small amounts. Precipitation comes mainly from the frontal activity of maritime tropical air masses in the winter. The influence of latitude together with high elevation and radiation conditions make this a part of the coldest area in the state. Summer temperatures rarely climb into the 90's and then generally drop about 20 degrees at night. The average annual temperature is 45%. The growing season is short, 120 days, one of the reasons why farming is not a major element in the overall economy.

The micro-climate differences that exist with McKean County (for example, Kane and Wetmore Township) are a result of local topo- graphy, soils, vegetation, water bodies and human intervention. Ex- posed areas tend to be cooler in winter, stream valleys experience milder fluctuations in temperature, and slopes receive differing amounts of radiation.

- 2- The Kane and Wetmore area climate is affected by the average Topography altitude of approximately 2,000 feet. Its higher elevation and radiation conditions, which generate extremes in heat and cold, In general, the physical arrangement of the existing land use give the area an average maximum temperature in July of 79.7OF, an pattern reflects the influence of topography. The level lands on average minimum temperature in February of 11.7OF, an average the plateaus and in the river and stream valleys have been the focal annual snowfall of 97.9 inches, and a total average annual precipi- points for development. Encroaching hills and steep slopes prevent tation of 46.7 inches. extensive development beyond the valleys and plateaus. The highway network, following the valleys and plateaus, tend to reinforce the present development patterns.

Kane Borough and Wetmore Township are situated on the western edge of the Big Level which has an elevation of 2,000 feet above sea level. The general topography of the area is rolling to hilly, with ridges and small valleys.

A ridge which runs almost directly north to south across the township, passing through the Borough of Kane, divides the area into two watersheds, the Kinzua Creek and Tionesta Creek.

Slope

A major factor in determining the development pattern of a landscape is the slope. The slope of an area refers to the incli- nation of the land as compared to the horizontal. The following slope map and "slope analysis" define slope characteristics in the Kane Area.

SloDe Analvsis

Level to 5O slope 56.4% of Kane Borough

As a general guide, land exhibiting level to 5O slope factor is recommended for most types of development. Potential flood and 1900' - 2000' drainage problems generally do not apply in the Borough since it 2000' - 2100' is situated on an elevated plateau. 1" = 2000' Contour interval = 20' 02100' - +

- 3- I

1 Geology The geology of the Kane-Wetmore area was influenced by two I major geologic periods; the Pennsylvanian and the Mississippian. Pennsylvanian

I Po - Pottsville Group: Mostly sandstones and conglomerate with thin shales and coals. These coal seams, particularly the Mercer coal, are locally mineable Pa - Allegheny Group: Cyclic sequences of sandstonep shale, limestone I and coal. The limestone beds thicken to the west. This group includes the Freeport, Kittanning, and Clarion formations. The most important limestone unit in the area, the Vanport, is a member of the Clarion I formation. 1 1 I - 1" = 2000' Contour interval = 20' I 40.4% of Kane Borough l'OWith to considerationloo taken in structure and street design, many varied uses are compatible with areas exhibiting 50 to loo slope, although residential purposes are primary. Many intensive Idevelopments can locate on land up to loo slope with no diffi- culty.

1100 + Slope 3.2% of Kane Borough A small percentage of the Borough has slopes over loo and in general, these slopes are under 15O as well. With consideration Itaken in construction of streets and commercail and industrial uses, most types of development are suitable. 1" = 2000' Contour interval = 20' m -4- I I Mississippian

Mp - Pocono Group: Predominately gray, hard, massive, crossbedded I sandstone and conglomerate with some shale. I Soils There are basically three soil associations found in the Kane-Wetmore area.

I 1) Dle - Dekalb/Leetonia soils: Deep, well-drained soils found on upland areas and formed on consolidated bedrock. This soil associa- tion is located along the stream valleys that cut through the plateau. I in the northern and western portion of the area. Soils are mostly well drained, moderately deep and stony. It is not suitable for urban and agricultural development because of its very steep slopes I and stony character, but it is well adapted to woodland. 2) CHD - Cookport/Hartsells (Clymer)/Dekalb: Deep, well-drained soils found on upland areas and formed on consolidated bedrock. This I soil association exists in much of the southern and western portion of the area. It contains deep, well drained major soils and poorly drained minor soils. Slopes range from gentle to moderately steep. I Although adaptable to woodland, the suitability of this soil associa- tion for agriculture and housing developments is limited due to the I variable depths and the limited septic tank performance. 3) WGC - Wharton/Gilpin/Cavode soils:. Deep, well-drained to poorly Streams and Drainaae drained soils formed on consolidated bedrock. This soil association covers the belt area which runs in a south-east direction within the The largest of the three natural drainage areas in the Kane-Wetmore I ,Kane-Wetmore area. Most of the soils are deep on gentle to moderate Planning area is the South Branch of the Kinzua Creek which drains the slopes although they vary from poorly drained to moderatelv well area on the north side of Kane. This creek takes drainage from the drained. The seasonal wetness of the soils on the gentle slopes is east side of Kane. The other two major drainage areas are in the I a major limitation on aqricultural and residential uses, but does southwestern portion of the planning area on the west side of Kane. not affect its use for woodland. They take drainage from East Kane and at the foot of Hemlock Avenue in Kane. All flows of the three drainage areas are emptied into the I Allegheny River, which is a main tributary of the Ohio River. Forest Areas

I Kane and the Wetmore Area are greatly influenced by their close proximity to the Allegheny National Forest, both recreationally and economically. These factors will be discussed later in this report. I - 5- I I I

The quality of life in any community is dependent upon the I level of facilities and services offered to its residents. Community facilities have a direct and lasting impact on existing residents . as well as being influential in attracting new residents. In addition, I availability of community facilities greatly determine the safety and welfare of the community.

The community facilities and utilities study includes the location, I capacity, adequacy, and service areas of schools, sewer and water systems, solid waste disposal, telephone, gas and electric services, police and fire protection, medical services, municipal structures, I libraries, and parks and recreation facilities, Schools*

I Elementary Edu'cation

1) The Clay Street Elementary School is located on a one acre plot I at the intersection of Greeves and Clay Street. The area is residential and traffic is light. Constructed in 1907, with improvements in 1960, the two-story brick building is structurally sound and presents a good appearance. The school enrolls 186 I students in grades kindergarten through sixth.

2) The Chestnut Street Elementary School was renovated in 1970 from I the Kane Senior High School. The original building was built in 1920 on a 4.50 acre site. This school is the largest elementary school in the Kane School District with an enrollment in grades I Kindergarten through sixth of 757 pupils. I * school figures are €or the 1977-78 school year. I All

I - 6- I I The Mt. Jewett Elementary School, with an enrollment of 142 1 students, is also included in the Kane Area School District. Secondary Education 1 The Borough of Kane has a Junior High School and a Senior High School.

The Gunior High School was constructed in 1957 and is located I on an 18 acre site facing Hemlock Avenue. There are 522 students.

The Kane Area Senior High School is located ori a 39 acre site WETKDTiETOWXSHIP I lying mainly jn Wetmore Township and extending partly into Kane Borough. It was completed in 1970. There are 538 students in grades 10-11-12. Besides regular school activities, the building and facilities are used by cornunity members and groups for adult I continuing education classes, physical education and recreation programs, and other meetings and events.

I The variances among the five county schools are listed in Table 1 , Comparisons Among County School Districts. These figures show that Kane has the lowest cost per pupil for instruction I in the County. Per-pupil instructional expenditures are based on costs of supplies, building maintenance, energy costs, personnel employed, special materials, etc. Other figures in the table com- I pare favorably with other school districts. I I I KANE AREA SCHOOL .DISTRICT I 19 78 I - 7- Higher education is available to Kane residents as well. Police Protection The following lists colleges and universities located within a 100 mile radius of the Borough: Kane Borough maintains a police force of six full-time officers. The Pennsylvania State Police (Lantz Corner Barracks) supplement Hiaher Education borough police upon request. There are 22 full-time state policemen. Holding facilities are located in the County Jail at Smethport.

I University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, Pa. - 30 miles Clarion State College, Clarion, PA - 60 miles Fire Protection Edinboro State College, Edinboro, Pa. - 90 miles Jamestown Community College , Jamestown , NY - 45 miles The Kane Borough Volunteer Fire Department has the responsibility Penn State University, State College, Pa. - 90 miles of preserving lives and property in the Kane and Wetmore Area. The Mansfield State College, Mansfield, Pa. - 90 miles fire-fighter force is made up of 75 volunteers, with 5 pieces of St. Bonaventure University, Allegheny, N.Y. - 50 miles equipment.

MuniciDal Government Sewage Service -ne Borough is operated under a mayor-borough manager form of Kane Borough's sewer system extends throughout the Borough and government, with borough council assistance. The municipal building is complete with a secondary sewage treatment plant controlled by is located on Bayard Street, The mayor is Edgar James; the Borough the Kane Municipal Authority. The treatment plants are currently Manager is William Perry. running well below capacity, except during spring runoff. Municipal services are not extended outside of the Borough. Medical Services

Water Service The Borough of Kane has 10 medical physicians and 5 dentists.

The Kane Community Hospital has 72 beds and is accredited by the ' Water is supplied to the Borough by the Western Pennsylvania Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals. The Civil Defense Water Co., with a pump station on the Kinzua Road. Offices are Emergency Hospital which would be established in emergency situations located at 30 Fraley Street. has 250 beds available. The Lutheran Home, a nursing home, has expansion planned to 90 beds in 1978. Other hospitals are found in Gas and Electric Service Bradford, Port Allegany, Olean, and nearby St. Marys and Ridgway. Two fully equipped vehicles serve the area and are operated by the Gas service for the Kane Borough is provided by the Kane Gas, Kane Ambulance Assurance Plan, Inc., and staffed by certified Light and Heating Co., located on North Fraley Street in the Emergency Medical Technicians. Market Basket Plaza. Electric service is supplied by West Penn Power with offices in St. Marys, Pennsylvania.

-8- Table -1 .

COMPARISONS AMOUNG COUNTY SCHOOL DISTRICTS Recreational and Cultural Activities

Kane is fortunate to have extensive recreation areas, located No. of Teachers Total both in the Borough as well as in the outlying adjacent areas. These School District Students Women/Me n Salaries facilities are listed below:

Bradford 4,834 189/130 $4,030,233 Borough Parks Kane 2 ,145 54/48 1,319,357 Otto-Eldred 1, 350 30/36 801,005 1. Evergreen Park - located on Park Avenue, this 18.7 acre park Port Allegany 1,848 46/43 1,232 ,598 is equipped with picnic tables, pavilion, modern playground Sme thport 1,531 39/51 1, 209 ,363 facilities for children, tennis courts, ice skating in winter, soft-ball grounds, and horseshoe stakes. Average Average Yrs. Average Yrs. 2. Southover Park - Entirely undeveloped, this 27 acre park (19 of which are utilized by the Kane Area Junior High School) is School District Salary in Prof. in District located on Hemlock Avenue and is relatively accessible to the southern area of Kane Borough. Bradford $12 ,917 11.30 9.61 3. Glenwood Park is located on Hacker Street along Route 321 and Kane 12,934 11.46 9.77 is about 7.5 acres in size. It is equipped with a ball field, Otto-Eldred 12, 136 13.12 11.56 and a few picnic tables. Port Allegany 13,849 12.28 10.52 Smethport 13,437 12.03 9.92 Outdoor recreational facilities at the schools occupy 22 acres. Of this acreage, 4.75 is playground and about 11 acres is playfield. I Cost for Cost/Pupil i School District Instruction Per Instruction Other Recreational and Cultural Facilities I

Bradford $6,607,250 $1,215.24 Kane Players (summer theater) Kane Fine Arts Project (concerts, plays and miscellaneous cultural Kane 2,106,000 900.00 Otto-Eldred 1,436,879 952.84 programs) Port Allegany 2,175,000 1,076.73 600,000 acre Allegheny National Forest 10 miles south of Allegheny Reservoir of the Kinzua Dam Sme thport 2,147,200 1, 209.69 Kane Public and School Library; Childrens' Library - 40,000 volumes Kane Area Historical Society Source: State Department of Education, 1978 itane Country Club Kane Ski Club Public Swimming Pool Winter Sports - skiing, snowmobiling, hunting, fishing, snowshoeing WETMORE TOWNSHIP

ir

WETMORE TOWNSHIP

- 10- The social and income characteristics are useful in evaluating conditions and trends which are relevant to the future development of Kane Borough. A social analysis reviews the past and present trends of population and relates these trends in terms of devel- opment. An income analysis helps determine the economic well- being of the community .

Population Trends

In 1960, Kane Borough had a population of 5380 personsr By 1970, this figure had dropped to 5,001 and by 1975 there were an estimated 4973 persons living in Kane.

This downward trend has been the pattern since 1920, when a peak of 7283 persons-was reached. The fifty years since then reflect the economic situations of each different decade. Kane and Wetmore Township gained in population in the early 1900's due to industrial growth from glass plants and railroading. At the same time, McKean County's overall population was declining, probably due to the low in oil production.

However, in the '20's and '~O'S,the County gained in pop- ulation, as secondary oil recovery production became established. Kane, in this era, declined as its industry closed and railroads reduced their activities. In the 1940's and 1950's, Kane's pop- ulation continued its downward trend as employment opportunities resulting from the war induced people to other areas. In the years since then, further economic decline has reduced Kane to its present level.

- 11- Table 2 .

Population Growth Trends, 1900 - 1975* The population projections for McKean County prepared by the Office of State Planning and Development, predicts a 1900 1910 1920 1930 reversal of past population losses. Projections show McKean XcKean County 51343 47868 48934 55167 County population at 60,000 people by the end of the century. Future population growth is not anticipated to be proportionally arnount change - 3475 +lo66 +6233 . distributed throughout the county, however. Kane Borough has only a 5% anticipated population growth. Xane Borough 5296 6626 7283 62 32 Table -. 3 -. amomt c!:ange t1330 +c57 -1051 Population Projections 1940 1950 1960 1970

:.lcKean County 56673 56607 54517 51915

amount change +1506 -66 -2090 -2690 1970 1980 1990 2000 Bradford 12,672 12,575 12 851 13 187 Kale Borough 6133 5706 5380 5001 , , Kane 5,003 4,993 5,078 5,175 Mt. Jewett amount change -99 -427 - 326 -379 1,060 1,041 1, 108 1, 186 Smethport 1, 883 2,441 3,012 3,600 Port Allegany 2 ,703 2 ,788 2 ,940 3 ,105 Eldred 1,129 1975 1,092 1, 196 1, 268 Lewis Run 756 787 840 899 klcKean County 51806 ~~ ~~ Source: 1977 McKean County Housing Plan, McKean County Planning amount change - 109 Commission, Smethport, PA. * All 1975 figures are Kane Borough 49 73 estimated. Age/Sex Composition

amount change -28 The composition of the population in regards to age and sex affects the capability of the whole population. For example, the larger the percentage of male and productive age population in a given area, the greater its ability to support labor force needs, Population Projections support industry, and insure economic growth. The following charts "Kane Borough Age/Sex Comparisons" and "McKean County Age/Sex Po?ulation projections are important in determining the Comparisons" show the breakdown of the different age levels. These anticipated facilities, services, and total land use require- figures show that in Kane, the productive ages of 25 to 54 years ments of Kane Borough.

- 12- have the least persons--there is only 14.8% of the total Table 5 . male population (in Kane) in this age level and only 16.7% of the total female population. Conversely, on the county Percentage Comparisons - Male Sex level, this age group (25 to 54 years) has a total of 15.7% of the total male population and a total of 17.1% of the total female population. In Kane and the County there are more persons in the 5 to 14 age level, and in both areas, Age Level McKean County Kane Borough there are more females than males. % of total (B of males % of total % of males pop. in Co. in County pop. in Kane in Kane The severe drop after the 25 years age level indicates that the productive workers (age 25 to 55) are leaving Kane for 0-4 4.4 9.2 4.1 8.8 opportunities elsewhere. The age level figures rise again 5 - 14 9.9 20.8 9.0 19.5 in the 54 and older age groups. Females, 65 and older, are 15 - 24 6.9 14.5 7.0 15.1 the largest age group in Kane. On a county level, the 5 to 14 25 - 34 4.9 10.3 4.5 9.7 age group is the largest. 35 - 44 5.1 10.7 4.9 10.6 45 - 54 5.7 11.9 5.4 11.7 Race and Minorities 55 - 64 5.4 11.2 5.2 11.4 65 - + 5.4 11.3 6.0 13.1 Kane Borough has an extremely small (0.3%) minority population as does the county on a whole (0.3%). The minority impact on Total 47.7% 99.9% 46.1% 99.9% planning for the borough is negligible.

This trend is expected to continue unless increased urbaniza- tion and industrialization occur in the county to provide Percentage Comparisons - Female Sex employment for the minority population. Table -4 . Age Level McKean County Kane Borough Distribution of Minorities, 1970 % of total % of females % of total % of females pop. in Co. in County pop. in Kane in Kane

~~ 0-4 4.2 8.1 3.9 7.3 Number of persons % of Total 5 - 14 9.7 18.5 9.1 16.9 15 - 24 7.5 14.4 7.5 13.9 McKean County 25 - 34 5.4 10.3 4.9 9.1 35 - 44 5.8 11.1 5.6 10.4 White 51,748 99.7% 45 - 54 6.3 12.0 6.2 11.6 Non-Whi te 167 .3% 55 - 64 6.2 11.9 7.2 13.4 Total 51,915 100.0% 65 - + 7.1 13.6 9.4 17.5 Kane Borough Total 52.2% 99.9% 53.8% loo. i%-~ White 4,986 99.7% Non- White 15 -3% * Note: percentages may not add because of rounding. Total 5,001 100.0% Source: U. S. Dept. of the Census, 1970

source: U. S. Census of Population, 1970 - 13- Table 6 c__.

(v a co 4 rl 0 m m OUNT)

Q c: ma m 0 ,, f - al N 4 co 0 m c.l rl N L (v I 65+ 64-55 54-45 44-35 34-25 24- 15 14- 5 4-0 1 AGE RANGE C WISONS -# -t

4 56 4.48 lh(361 I 314 d 348

I 282 262

BOROUG 64-551 54-451I 44-351 34-25 124- 15 14- 5 4-0 1 I

I Income and Employment Table 7 .

Kane, and the area adjacent to the Borough, is an economic Social and Income Statistics , 1970 1 activity area strategically located to capitalize on the tourist potential of the nearby Allegheny National Forest and the Allegheny Reservoir area.

I The 9,000 person economic activity area includes Kane (5001), Mount Jewett (1093) and a small urban fringe estimated at 500. In the rural hinterland live another 2500 people. 8 All families 1376 13,783 Kane is dominated by one major manufacturing industry, Stack- Less than $1,000 12 -9% 2 14 1.6% pole Carbon, which is the basic activity of the economy. Statistics $1,000 - c5,~~- 2 50 18.2% 2 ,660 L9.3% I show that the majority of the Kane labor force is employed in $5,000 - ;lO,OOO 6 70 48.7% 6,026 4>.7-- manufactzring, with professional and related services next highest, $10,000-c 13 ,U9" 301 21.9% 3,519 25.5% and wholesale and retail trade next. Public administration and $15 ,000- $25 ,000 138 10.0% 1, 135 8.2% transportation rank amonq the lowest category. $25,000-$50,000 5 -4% 187 1.4% I $50,000 or more -- 0% 42 . 3 ?i,\<- In all, this area has about 1500 manufacturing jobs. Nearly 60% of the total labor force is male. 51cdian Income $8284 i Mean Income 8632 The Pennsylvania Appalachian Development Plan (1974) , through surveys conducted in the Kane - Mount Jewett area, listed the following as "the most serious problems affecting the I quality of life". These were: Male Female Low levels of per capita (or family) incone I 16 Years and Over 1624 2002 Insufficient employment -Labor force 1220 837 % of Total 75.1% 41.8% I Out-migration of the quality labor force -Civilian Labor Force 1220 837 Employed 1135 764 Lack of adequate housing Unemployed 85 73 % of Civ. Labor I Lesser problems were related to transportation access, Force 7.0% 8.7% community leadership attitudes, and lack of community planning. -Not in Labor Force 404 1165 under 65 years 167 766 1 The following tables list Kane Borough's economic status as 65 years and older 2 37 399 compared to other municipalities in the county.

Source: General .5ocial & Economic Characteristics, Pennsylvania; I U. S. Dept. of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1972

I -15- I Table 8 .

I Selected Statistics of the Municipalities I City €iBorough Area in Per Capita Population Sq. Miles Income 1972 . 1973 1970

I Bradford 3.2 $3,226 12,109 12,672 Lens xun 1.7 2,736 743 756 Kane 1.6 3,019 4,874 5,001 I Mt. Jewett 2.4 3,124 1,093 1,060 Smeuporf 1.5 3,543 1,874 1,883 Port Allec any 1.8 3,375 2,717 2,703 I ir; ldr..?.J 0.9 3 ,169 1,024 1,092 Townships Area in Per Capita Population 1 Sq. Miles Income 1972 1973 1970 Annin 33.7 $2,248 70 7 70 8 aradf ord 56.5 3,715 5,938 5,423 I Ceres 42.2 2,308 980 977 Corydon 74.4 3,071 143 140 Eldred 39.6 2,493 1,947 1,846 I Foster 46.9 3,273 5,371 5,458 Hamilton 74.6 2,715 802 828 kamlin 66.6 2,547 899 9 32 Keat in g 99.3 2,898 3,043 3,080 I Laf ayette 71.9 2,550 876 88 3 Liberty 86.6 2,582 1,815 1,729 Norwich 96.8 2,900 642 669 I Otto 34.4 2,637 2,120 1,982 Sergeant 80.2 3,071 2 40 256 Wetmore 80.2 2 ,788 1,840 1,837

Source: McKean County, Pennsylvania Industrial Census Series, Dept. of Commerce, 1976. I ..

- 16- The stability or instability of the Borough of Kane's fiscal structure determines the future of the community. By arialyzing the borough's past expenditures for government operation, public safety, transportation and community services, projected trends can be determined. And; by examining Kane's past revenues and receipts, the future security of projected improvements and con- tinued services can be established.

The fiscal/economic condition of Kane includes expenditures and revenues, market values, assessed valuations, taxation rates, debt limitations and other retail trade and financial statistics

for manufacturing industries. .-

Market values, a reflection of assessed valuations, show the gradual growth that has taken place through yearly increases in value. Market values for 1977 for Kane represent 7.3 percent of the total county values and represents 15 percent of the market values of all the boroughs ar,d Bradford City. (Real Estate Valuations are qiven in Table 9 ; Kane Borough Tax Recapitulation)

- 17- Expenditures and Revenues

KANE BOROUGH TNC RECAPITULATION Kane Borough receives a large portion of its revenue from taxes levied on its residents through real estate taxes and through local taxes (Act 511). Other important revenue sources include county highway aid, state highway aid and Federal grants for pub- Per Capita lic facilities, and from parking meters. The last three years have Real Estate Valuations Real Estate Tax Occupation Tax seen a large increase in total receipts, cash and investments. Expenditures are also rising, nearly doubling in the years between 1975 3,672,055 91,801.40 16 ,310.00 1966 ($407,100) and 1976 ($711,157). Costs have risen in general government administration, public safety (police, fire, civil de- 19 76 3,692,815 121,862.92 16,395.00 fense), highways and recreation, but have been reduced in health and sanitation areas. The following table compares the ten year 1977 3 ,704.055 111,121.65 15,760.00 span. 1966 1976

Personal Personal General Government $28,730 $53 ,380 Property Valuation Property Tax Total Valuation Public Safety 58 ,300 192,777 Highways 91,840 165 ,144 1975 1,606,910 6,427.63 5 ,278,965 Recreation 3,460 9,844 Health & Sanitation 4 ,240 2,578 1976 1,896 ,567 7 ,586.20 5,589 ,382

1977 2,326,995 9 ,308.01 6,031,050 Recent expenditures requiring capital outlay over the past three years are yearly purchases of police cars, police car speakers, fire alarm systems and a fire truck engine.

Total Tax Taxable s .- Tax Structure 1975 114 ,539.03 3,262 The tax structure mill rate supplies a reference point 1976 145,844.12 3,279 from which fiscal stability can be determined. Total millage for Kane Borough has been reduced over the last three years. If 1977 136 ,189.66 3 ,152 the proposed reassessment of the county is adopted, millage will be reduced on the county level.

- 18- Table -11 ., KANE BORCUGH EXPENDITURES, 1975, 1976, 1977 KANE BOROUGH REVENUES 1975, 1976, 1977

Purpose of expenditure 1975 1976 1977 Sources of Revenue 1975 1976 1977

Government (General1 Revenue Receipts (taxes) Adminis t r ati on $46 ,290 $53,380 $61,620 Real Estate $109,952 $113,927 $109,774 Tax Collection 6,363 6 I 144 12 ,569 Occupation Municipal Bldgs 6,630 8,051 1,542 Residence Prot e cticn to Persons 45,717 76,422 82,413 Local Tax (Act 511) 96,106 92,812 98,913 ezd Propexty Police Protection 65,717 76 ,422 82,413 TOTAL TAX RECEIPTS $206,059 $206,739 208,687 Pare Protection 16,415 17 ,937 110 ,064 Building Regulations, Other Revenue Planning & Zoning 23 none none Licenses & Permits 6,659 6 ,965 6,989 Civil Defense 360 none 300 Fine, Foreits, Costs 6,927 7,572 9,841 Hsalth and Sanitation 2,604 2,578 51,088 Interest and Rents 14 ,932 16,259 13,698 Water, Electric & Sewer 39 ,705 11,468 none Grants and Gifts 112,642 120 ,650 138,199 Highways 159,789 165,144 206,006 Department Earnings 110,631 108,699 137,337 Libraries none none none Special Assess./Liens Parks and Recreation 8,302 9,844 17,036 Misc. Revenue Receipts 225 9 34,896 S,pcial Services 5,000 none none Miscellaneous 38,885 TOTAL OTHER REVENUE RECEIPTS 252,016 206,125 340,961 ~ 25,418 62,873 Municipal Authority 51,050' 51,050 51,050 Lease Rental Payments TOTAL NON-REVENUE RECEIPTS 20,233 34,980 99,598

TOTAL GOVERNMENTAL EXP. 433,665 465 ,250 633,470 Cash Balance at beginning of vear 159 ,87 3 184,492 200 ,119 NON-GOVERNMENTAL EXP. 20,023 20,968 30 ,659 - -. Securities and Investments Cash Balance at held at beginning of ye-& 24,821 24,821 24,821 end of year 184 ,492 2 00,119 185,235

Securities and Investments held at end of year 24,820 24,821 24,821

TOTAL EXPENDITURES, CASH TOTAL mCEIPTS, CASH AND INVESTMENTS 000 WND INVESTMENTS 663,000 711,157 874,185 $633 , $711 ,157 $874,185

Source: Annual Audit and Financial Report, Borough of Kane (1975,1976, Source: Annual Audit and Financial Report, Borough of Kane (1975, 1976 19771, Dept. of Cornunity Affairs, Harrisburg, PA. 19771, Dept. of Community Affairs, Harrisburg, PA.

- 19- TAmE 92 FINANCIAL STATISTICS FOR MA"ACTURING INDUSTRIES _I__.

(money figures in tnousand of dollars)

Value of Production Number of Wages and Capital Value of Miscellaneous Net Resale of and Related Value added Municipality Establishments Salaries Expenditures Production Receipts Xher Products Activities by Manufacture

Total 78 $68,758 $15,031 $298,696 $445 $1,246 $300,387 $138,674 1 CITY Bradford 33 41,174 5,375 164,806 229 940 165,975 83,641 I

I 1,952 358 5,930 (1) 5,930 3,751 5,730 1,290 21,783 2 21,819 10 ,203

9,997 1,705 37,173 291 37,472 23,360

1 I 080 33 3,149 3 I 149 1,787

1,056 2,144 1,460 1,460 629

2bJD CLASS TWPS -- I Hamilton 4 108 46 1,029 1,029 381 Keaiting 3- 3,265 816 - 42,218 5 92,223 5,544 -- 1 Norwich 3 23 160 2 162 118 wetmore 4 1,735 3 063 4,657 4 4,665 2,935 i All others (3) 5 2,637 180 16,330 162 16,502 6 I 325

(-1 Represents 0 (11 Less than $500 (2) Includes Lewis Run and Mount Jewett (3) Includes Bradford, Foster, Lafayette and Liberty Townships SXDX~: MCKean County Pennsylvania Industrial Census Series, Dept. of Commerce I 1976

-20- Table -- 13

TAX STRUCTURE (in mills)

County School Municipality Total

1976 33 68 30 131 1977 30 68 30 128 197% 27 68 34 129

Assessment ratio is 25%. The effective rate per $1,000 valuation is $129.

Borrowing Capacity

Kane Borough's borrowing capacity has increased steadily over the past years. With assessed valuations of taxable real property increasing, funds for future projects from this source are readily available.

Borrowing Base/ Borrowing Capacity Debt Limitation

1975 959 ,217 319,739 1976 994,592 331,531 1977 1,098,283 366,094

-21- I TABLE 4 . I RETAIL TRADE STATISTICS 1972 I I Building materials, hardware, garden supply, mobile Drug stores and home dealers Automotive dealers proprietary stores I County and City Number Sales Number Sales Number Sales Number Sales Number Sales

YcKean County. 25 5,857 24 10,892 79 24,243 53 17,954 17 (Dl i Bradford 6 2,505 12 22 12,118 17 9,219 7 1,345 Kane 6 (D 1 8 16 5,003 11 1,505 3 622 1 Port Allegany 2 (D 1 1 10 2,018 3 1,007' 3 Remainder of County 11 2,261 3 31 5,074 22 6,223 4

--

1 I I ~- Furniture, home I Gasoline service Apparel and furnishings , and Eating and M~scellaneous stations accessory stores equipment stores drinking places retail stores

I I .- I County and City Number Sales Number Sales Number Sales Number Sales Number Sales

XcKean County 77 9,360 34 3,560 34 3,860 114 6,104 149 (D1 Bradford 29 3,676 18 2,015 22 1,907 46 3,162 65 4,487 Kane 14 1,753 9 928 5 1,349 24 1,098 20 (Dl Port Allegany 10 1,100 2 (D1 4 (D1 10 49 7 24 396 Remainder of County 24 2,826 5 (D1 3 (D 1 34 1,347 40 1,166 I I I TABLE- 15 . I RETAIL TRADE STATISTICS (Cont.) I TOTAL

I Establishments with Payroll

Operated by I Paid Partner- Payroll, employees proprietor- ships Payroll, first for week I ships entire auarter includinq ~ :ounty and City Number Sales (number) (number) Number Sales 1 year 1972 March 12 I IcKean County 606 94,362 40 2 71 345 8,737 2,069 2,141 I Bradford 244 50,015 158 26 143 46,636 5,292 1,240 1,178 Kane 116 16,544 71 19 76 14,320 1,493 3 58 376 Port Allegany 69 6,576 51 7 36 5,860 510 12 1 147 B Remainder of County 177 21,227 122 20 87 16,878 1,442 350 440 I I I I I 1 I I I I T RANS PO R TAT I ON

Kane Rorough is dependent upon a good transportation system to provide for the safe movement of people and gQ?ds. The pre- dominate modes of transportation are through streets and highways and rail. Bradford Regional Airport is the closest air trans- portation although it is over 20 miles away. It is expected that highway travel will remain the major means of transportation in the foreseeable future.

Existinu Svstem

U.S. Route 6 serves as the major traffic route in Kane Borough, with Route 321 and Route 66 serving as lesser major high- wavs. Traffic volumes on these streets are greater than the typical residential streets in Kane. In all, there are 16.28 miles of roads in Kane. Included are 3.95 miles of unimproved road, -20 miles of hard surfaced road, 10.33 miles of bituminous surface roads, 1.39 miles of blacktopped roads and .41 miles of concrete roads. Four percent of all paved roads in the county are inside Kane Borough. The table "Municipality Road Mileage" compares municipal road mileaqe and conditions in McKean County.

I -24- I I TABLE 4[

/ / 0 4’\ I 0 \ MUNICIPALITY ROAD MILEAGE \ \ I I Municipality Miles of Road Paved % C7.Z :775< P 1 1 Bradford 26.93 19.52 72% I 1 I Kane 16.28 12.33 76% I \ 5000 I I Eldred 3.38 3.38 100% I Lewis Run 2.72 2.44 90% I I I Mt. Jewett 4.41 2.76 63% I 0 I I 0 Port Allegany 9.07 8.66 95e I Smethport 11.22 9.?6 57s I I I L--- All Townships 335.99 250.57 74% -1 1 All County Roads 413.00 309.44 75 e I Source - DCA, Harrisburg, PA I Total Traffic is the 1974 annual 24 hour average I including Saturday and Sundays I I -2 5- I FuP~c~~QE~~Classification

I To de7.7e90p a plan for a conpxehsnsive highway plan, classi- 1) local residential streets, 2) mhor =:ILtctors, 3) major -.---.E f:?-zzz ""unctional fication of kh2 functicrt that each street serves is necessary. collectors and, 4) minor t-terids. .- This classification provides the lDgicai coordination of Kane Classification Standards" dsflnes t:~ :~Z::IGS 2nd design stan- I 93ro~gh's street network. There are four different categories used. dards applicable to Kane Borouch. Exzz.;:~c cf these categories are : I FUNCTIONAL CLASSIF ICF.TION STANDARDS DESCRIPTION DESIGN STANDARDS I Provide individual house and site connection 50' right-of-way to the collector network 32' pavement I 3' planting space 4' sidewalk I Provide residential neighborhood connections 66' right-of-way 42' pavement I 8' planting space I 4' sidewalk Minor Collectel-s I Hemlock Avenue Provide residential neighborhood connections 60 ' riqh t-of -qnJa;r Park Avenue 42' pavement I Poplar Street 5' plantina space

I Minor Arterials

FraEey Street Provide inter-state and inter-county travel 86' right-of-way I Biddle Street Link population centers 60' pavement serves as major street 8' planting space m 5' sidewalk I -26- I Railroads Railroad service is necessary to provide economical trans- EXISTING RAIL LINES 1978 I portation for manufactured products and bulk goods. Due to a lack of a regional highway system, railroads provide a major transporta- tion role in the County. I I I t 1 I I I I L------Two rail companies currently provide rail service in McKean I I County. Conrail operates three lines and the Chessie operates one. I 1 I The Conrail lines are the Warren to Ridgway via Kane, the Olean to 1 i I I Williamsport line via Eldred, and the Limestone to Lewis Run branch 1 I I I line. The Chessie Systems line to Pittsburgh and Buffalo serves I I Bradford, Lewis Run and Mt. Jewett. A branch of the Chessie System 1 I runs from Mt. Jewett to Kane. This branch is proposed to be abandoned in the near future. Ioss of these vital transportation routes could, in the long run, be harmful to the economic develop- --- 1 ment of McKean County. , The following table shows the length of time spent in transit /’ I to various major cities. SMETHPORT # I I I I I -RAIL TRUCK . I Boston -5 days -2 days I I I I Chicago -3 days -2 days I 1 ! I I I ---,--I I Philadelphia -5 days -2 days I st. Louis -4 days -3 days I 1 219 \ I I Baltimore -4 days I K. v I -2 days -- New York 3 days -2 days I Rochester -4 days -1 day

-27- HISTORICAL RESOURCES

The cultural heritage of McKean County plays an important role in determining the future plans of Kane's development. Kane's history, environment and experiences must be considered when formulating goals and policies of responsible planning.

Primarily, the following objectives must be considered when plan- ning for the future:

0 professional assistance must be provided to individuals and organizations seeking to establish historic preser- vation policies and programs.

0 historic surveys of the area should be undertaken to establish authenticity.

0 County planning policies must coincide with the en- couragement of historic preservation and restoration.

The following list of historic sites and buildings was provided by the Kane Historical Society:

* Kane Chapel - large, gothic stone church built by General Thomas Kane in 1878. Placed on the Federal Register of Historic Places in 1978.

* Penn Kane Hotel Building

* Pennsylvania Railroad Station (typical 19th Century railroad station architecture)

* The Kane Manor

-28- Seven Springs - Near Kane Sr. High School

Temple Theater

Olmstead Manor - in Ludlow Helen Davis House - Dawson Street

Margaret Stevens House - Chase Street Austin's Market - Fraley Street Kanesholm School Building - Kanesholm

Indian Forts - near DeYoung, PA

Mineral Springs - west Kane area

These historic areas, buildings, and landmarks should be included in and influence local zoning regulations and planning ordinances. LAND USE

Introduction

Planning for the future of Kane Borough must have a knowledge of the present utilization of land as a base. "Land use" refers to the activity which takes place on a given area of land. The study of current land use and development serve to identify the basic land use pattern, determine land use areas and t::eIr re- lationships to population, and to identify the land use problems which exist in the County.

Existing Land Use

The existing land uses in Kane Borough are results of na-zxrai and manmade factors. These factors include topography and slope, climate, open space, the location of railroad, highway an2 oth2r transportation facilities, technology, emwloynent opnorty2Eir:es, settlement patterns, etc. All influence t!!e present confiqura- tion, location, and extent of Kane developent.

A land use study is concerned with the desirable grou~ir-gsof land uses, their location to one another, and to other featzres. Of special importance is the separation of conflictinc ases. F.e- tail businesses should be on or near major highwavs axd near residential concentrations. Residential areas shoulc! have access to municipal water and sewer systems and should be lirked to r,a

places of employment by good highways. The e:

- 30- The Borough of Kane is categorized into the following land Land Use Problems uses :

Residential - Area on which a dwelling or building designed Some of the existing land use problems in Kane Borough are as for exclusive use as living quarters is located. follows :

Commercial - land on which retail, wholesale, and other busi- 1) The accessibility of certain land areas is poor because of ness transactions take place. topography and the location of the Chessie and Conrafl Railroads. Industrial - areas in which large scale Droduction or manu- facturing operations (in which raw materials are 2) Strip commercial development parallels North Fraley Street processed into other products) takes place. and other major streets.

Public/ areas for the general use of all, including 3) Commercial, industrial and residential uses are inter- Recreation - utilities, schools, churches, libraries, fire spersed and should be contained separately. departments, parks, cemetaries, etc. 4) Lack of developed recreational facilities, especially now Vacant - open space areas with little or no development. that the YMCA has closed. - _-

LAND USE STATISTICS

Land Use Total Acres Percentage

Sesidential 328 36% Comercia 1 41 4.5% mdustrial 62 6.9% Pub11 c/Re creat i on 76 8.4% Total developed acres 50-_ 7 56.1% -- Vacant, open land -396 -43.9% TOTAL 903 100%

Source: McKeanCounty Planning Commission .. ..

- 'il- Kane Borough Land Use

Residential Areas

Commercial Areas

-- 0

0 400 800 1200

-Scale in feet

Source: McKean County Planning Commission 1977 -32- --.. -_ -.

.. FINDINGS, RESULTS, RECOMMENDATIONS

.Land Use Plan

The Dresent land use pattern of Kane Borough is a result of the wav it develoDed in response to those Deriods of its history influenced by the timber and oil industries. With influxes of neople, housing areas evolved in and around the Borouuh. The lavout of the rail lines throuqh :cane gave rise to the existing industrial land use, along Biddle Street and the Commons area for example. Thus, there is a mixture of residential, industrial and commercial land use in Kane. This land use plan is not aimed at drastically altering the existing land use pattern, rather it is desiqned to prevent any further mix- ture of land uses. This will allow for the concentration of develop- ment in concise, centrallv-located areas, and make provision of services more economicallv feasible. Keeping future growth in or adjacent to existinq developed areas will .'_cave the remainder in its natural state, and Drotect residential areas from encroachment and conflict by incompatible land uses.

The rural atmosphere of the Kane area offers a unique high crualitv of life which needs to be enhanced and preserved. Economic development, necessarv as it is, should not be done at the expense of the life stvle now found in the Kane area. This land use plan .- is desiqned to balance these two needs -- to maintain Kane's high qqality of life and encourage development.

Kane Borough has the Kane Commons aqartment complex to fill the need for medium density development. The project is currently under construction, with comqletion expected in the very near future. All utilities are available and adequate to the project. The schools and streets are sufficient to serve the comDlex. .. -.. .. -. . The McKean County Housing and Redevelopment Authority has proposed a sinqle-unit development nroject in Kane. This Droject will serve the .- demands for single-family homes, and will contain approximately 30 lots .. located in the 8 undeveloned acres north of the termination of Dawson and Welsh Streets, within the corporate boundary of the Borough. The

.. -- - . .. a. close proximity of sewer, water and utilities to the project area allow for a program of attracting small, diversified industries to the make it highly feasible. Accessibility is good, provided that the area. This will promote a stable, well-balanced economy. A zoning Borough extends Dawson and Welsh Streets to serve the residential ordinance, when adopted, must be structured to preserve those land development. Community facilities, schools, recreation and shopping areas now in industrial use and allow for any new industries to have areas are all easily accessible from the proposed location. This sufficient space for future growth. Designating land areas for indus- type of development will keep that area of the Borough as a residen- trial use will minimize the considerable effects of industry such tial area. A housing project of this type falls within %he objectives as smoke, odor, noise and other hazards to public health and safety. of the County land use plan for residential use, regarding protection Thus, a variety of attractive, s-de and convenient- sites that are -- _- -- from incompatible land uses. suitable for industry in terms of size, location, the physical characterisitics of the land, accessibility of transportation and Thus, Kane's housing is already beginning to offer a variety of availability of utilities should be provided. housing styles and development types to provide a mixture of living environments. The recently completed Central Towers offers high- Kane's history and social heritage plays an important role in rise apartment-style accommodations, primarily for the elderly. With planning for community development. The Kane Historical Society has the completion of the Kane Commons apartments in sight, townshouse- compiled a list of historic sites and buildings. The list includes: style living will be available for moderate?ncome families. The Kane Chapel, Perm Kane Manor, Seven Springs, Temple Theater, Olmstead proposed development mentioned earlier will provide single-family Manor, Helen Davis House, Margaret Stevens House, Austin's Market, housing units in a new residential section of the Borough. These Kanesholm School Building, Indian Fort and Mineral Springs. These varied styles of residential development-will keep non-residential historic areas, buildings and landmarks should be included in and in- uses from being mixed with residential areas; prohibit through trqf- fluence local zoning ordinances to insure the continuation and support fic and heavy vehicles from resirdentia7- areas; discourage strip of local history in the Kane area. Public and official cooperation residential devdopment and begin to serve the housing needs of the should encourage local and private restoration and preservation. The Borough. commercial value of such preservation to the Kanne business district

-r must be stressed. Another problem existing in Kane's land use pattern is the widely dispersed placement of mobile homes throughout the Borough. The restoration and preservation of the 1900's period architecture On one hand, there are residential areas where only one or two mobile existing in the downtown area would create a "1900's mall," in effect, homes are found; on the other hand, there are whole neighborhoods of attracting more retail shoppers to the area. -- mobile homes, such as in the west side of the Borough. Rather than permit the random placement of mobile homes throughout the Borough, Land Use Recommendations it would be more suitable to restrict such land use to specific areas of the Borough. 1. Adoption of a Kane Borough Zoning Ordinance.

One of the primary determinants of revitalization and growth in 2. Actively particiDate in assisting and enc_ouraging private and the Kane area is industrial expansion and development. Provision public sectors in supporting historic preservation. must be made for identification and reservation of prime industrial sites. With the exception of Stackpole's Magnet Division and Collins 3. Control future strip commerckal development by limiting access Pine, the existing industries have no plans for expanding their onto major transportation arteries. facilities, at the present time. Reserving industrial sites will 4. Designate and reclaim blighted areas.

-34-

5. Improve accessibility to those land areas affected by topo- back into use for the comunity. These plans should include necessary graphy and the Chessie and Conrail Railroads, particularly upgrading of the YMCA structure: and an alternate plan for creating where emergency vehicle access might be affected by rail a new facility, if necessary, contingent upon the legal disposition - crossings. of the building. .I

In addition to the above-mentioned recreation facilities, Kane Community Facilities and Utilities Plan is fortunate to have other extensive recreation areas, located both in the Borough as well as -.in the outlying adjacent areas. The quality of life in Kane, as with any community, is dependent upon the level of facilities and services offered to its residents. Evergreen Park, located on Park Avenue, contains 18.7 acres of I Community facilities have a direct and lasting impact on existing land. It is equipped with picnic tables, pavilion, modern playground residents as well as being influential in attracting new residents. equipment, tennis courts, ice skating in the winter, softball grounds

and horseshoe stakes. I The Kane school system offers much to the community in the way of adult education and recreation facilities. The elementary school Glenwood Park, located on Hacker Street contains 7.5 acres of land. buildings have been renovated and updated to quite modern facilities. It is equipped with a ball field and picnic facilities. When feasible, The Clay Street School and the Chestnut Street School both offer a pavilion and some modern playground equipment would make this a com- playground equipment for public use. plete public recreation area. _. The Junior High School was constructed in 1957 and is located on Southover Park is an entirely undeveloped 27 acre park located-on an 18 acre site. The Junior High offers use of the gymnasium, nlay- Hemlock Avenue. The Kane Area Junior High School utilizes approximately ground equipment, outdoor basketball and playfield for public use. 19 acres. The remaining acreage needs to be developed in order to However, more of the land could be developed to provide more public provide an easily accessible recreation area for the residents of the recreation facilities, southern area of Kane Borough.

The Kane Area Senior High School is located on a 39 acre site and Kane Borough's sewer system extends throughout the Borough and is was completed in 1970. A modern addition was recently completed which complete with two secondary treatment plants, controlled by the Kane houses the Vo-Ag Department. Besides the regular school activities, Municipal Authoritv., One plant is located on Pine Street, the other- the building and facilities are used by community members and groups is located on the Kinzua Road. The plants have a design capacity of for adult continuing education classes, physical education and recrea- 800,000 gallons per day, and are currently operating near capacity. tion programs, and other meetings and events. Here,'too, more use could Some of the developed areas in Wetmore Township, adjacent to the,Borough be made of the land by developing it for community recreational use. are sewered and the sewage flows to the Pine Street plant. Due to the topography, however, other areas east, west and south of the Borough, - The Kane YMCA has ceased operations entirely. This association where sewage is needed now or will be needed in the future, cannot be- one provided year-round recreation for the entire community. at time, drained to either of the existing treatment plants. 'The Western -.- In its present condition, the building would require a relatively Pennsylvania Water Company supplies the Borough with water, with a pump minimal investment to upgrade it to meet Department of Labor and In- station located on the Kinzua Road. dustry Standards. The status of ownership of the building is presently in litigation, with the outcome expected in the near future. Plans The provision of adequate public water and sewer systems to areas need to be formulated to provide for putting this type of facility of development is a critical problem and should be given a high priority.

- 36- I Adequate public water and sewer utilities should be provided for the. 4. The formal organization of a "Kane Area Recreational and I elimination of health problems in existing built-up areas, and as a Cultural Conmission ," to incluck representatives from Wetmore guide and stimulus for future development activity. Township, Hamilton Township, Sergeant Township, James City, I Mt. Jewett and Kane Boroughs. This commission would be re- Health Care facilities in the Borough are adequate and up-to- sponsible for the coordination of recreational and cultural i 1 date. The Community Hospital, now in its fiftieth year, has 72 beds activities for the Kane area, as well as, coordinating plans and is accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals. for further developing public land areas and an indoor Preliminary plans are being made for expanding and modernizing the recreation facility. 1 operating room and other facilities of the hospital. The Community .. Hospital is also considering subscribing to the Poison Control Program. I The Civil Defense Emergency Hospital (stored at the Rose Bowl Lane), Transportation Plan which would be established in emergency situations, would provide 250 1 beds. Two fully equipped emergency vehicles operated by the Kane The Borough of Kane is heavily dependent upon a good transportatior Ambulance Assurance Plan, Inc. and staffed by certified Emergency system to provide for the safe movement of goods and people. As would be expected, the predominant mode of travel is motor vehicle, utilizing, Medical Technicians, serve the Kane area. ~ I streets and hiqhways. Raii plays an important role in the Kaiie area, as In addition to the Community Hospital, the old Summit Hospital many of Kane's industries rely heavily upon rail service. Highway has been converted into offices for physicians, dentists and the travel is expected to be the major means of transportation in the for- State Health Clinic. Kane currently has 11 physicians, 5 dentists seeable future. - I and 2 optometrists. The Lutheran Home will break ground soon for its new facility, which will house 90 beds. As mentioned in the Land Use Plan, Kane's history has played a role in the development of the existing street pattern. The business dis- I Community Facilities and Utilities Recommendations trict developed alonq Fraley Street (Route 61, with major residential streets accessing onto either Fraley Street or Biddle Street (also Route 1. Continue the Borough's excellent maintenance and develop- 6). As the Borough's population--grew and housing developed, streets 1 ment of its parks and outdoor recreation facilities. were added accordinqly. The present layout of Kane's streets is ef- ficient and orderly, ensuring that the residential streets are not 2. Evaluate and develop a means of providing an indoor utilized as major thoroughfares. community recreation facility, either utilizing the exist- I ing YMCA building or erecting a new building, when feasible. U.S. Route 6 serves as the major traffic route in Kane Borough, with Route 321 and Route 66 serving as lesser major highways. Traffic 3. Develop portions of the unused public lands mentioned above volumes on these streets are greater than the typical residential 1 to provide additional outdoor recreation facilities. streets in Kane. The heavy usage of these routes (which go through Kane) leads to a potential safety problem. Route 321 is heavily used 4. Evaluate the existing sewage treatment plants regardinq by those traveling into the A.N.F. recreation areas. Along that por- capacity and actual operating volume, to determine if tion of 321 which goes through Kane (Hacker Street), there are I expansion is necessary to accommodate any new development numerous residences. It also intersects with six (6) different Borough in the Borough. residential streets. The safety problem here is the speed of traffic on Route 321, making access from any of these streets a potential - I 5. Evaluate the possibility of a new borough building. hazard. A similarly potential hazard exists on South Fraley Street (Route 66), where it intersects with five (5) different residential I 6. Evaluate the possibility of a public library. streets (Chestnut Street, Pine Avenue, Hemlock Avenue, Spruce Avenue, _- - 37- 1 - I- I I I 1 i 1 _- I I 1 I I- 1 I

L.R. 42032 I 1' mhn-..-. Laurel Avenue). Again, the potential hazard exists due to the speed Street (Route 6) makes parking inconvenient at times. At the present of traffic on Route 66. There are two areas on Route 6 which represent time, parking is permitted on both sides of Fraley Street. In potential hazards at intersections, again due to speed of traffic and addition, there is a small municipal parking lot (metered) adjacent poor visibility from the access street. The intersection of Clay Street to the Post Office. Again, parking in this lot can be inconvenient, with Route 6 (Biddle Street) is hazardous due to extremely poor visi- particularly when a person is forced to park in the lot and needs to bility from Clay Street and the speed of traffic both entering and leaving conduct business at the south end of Fraley Street. More convenient Kane at that point. The intersection of Route 6 and the hospital entrance parking could be created by constructing a municipaldlot in the Com- is potentially hazardous for the same reasons as the Clay Street inter- mons Area. Such a lot could be so designed to absorb Llose spaces section above. eliminated on Field Street and perhaps those that might be eliminated I on one side of Fraley Street, as well as, create new, additional park- I "he intersection of Greeves and Fraley Streets (Routes 6 and 66) ing spaces. A lot in the Commons Area would provide shoppers with presents another problem. This is the busiest intersection in the convenient access to any part of the business district. However, the 8 Borough, particularly during summer months and at 3:OO p.m. when the parking situation would have to be thoroughly evaluated to dete.mine local factory workers are traveling home. Traffic from Fraley Street feasibility and long-range benefit of creating new parking areas. (Route 61, traveling east, is through traffic aiid not required to stop. Traffk desiring to enter Fraley StFeet ffom Greeves by turning right The Borough streets, as a whole, are well maintained the year (west on Route 6) may do so. However, traffic from Greeves Street round. The only exception would be the plowing of Fraley Street in desiring to turn left (south onto Route 66) must wait until them i:; winter months. The main traffic lanes of Fraley Street are plowed by a break in the through traffic from Fraley Street (Route 6). Similarly, the State Transportation Department. A problem arises when snow traffic from South Fraley Street (Route 66) wishing to turn right onto builds up in the parking spaces next to the curbs on both sides of Greeves Street (Route 6) may do so. Trafficfrom Route 66 desiring the street, making it difficult for shoppers to exit cars on the curb to mve straight through on Fraley Street (Route 6,west) must wait side. Elimination of parking on one side of Fraley Street, as men- for a break in the east-bound traffic. This congestion and confusion tioned above, would allow more thorough clearins of the street in could possibly be alleviated by the installation of a traffic lig!?t the winter. All streets in the Borough are paved except one: and at the intersection of Greeves and Fraley Streets. only one-third of the Borough streets lack curbing. The remainder of Kane's streets and collectors are satisfactorily maintained. At times, there is considerable congestion on Field Street, which connects Fraley and Chase Streets. In its ?resent use, parking is Railroad service is necessary to provide economical transportation permitted on both sides of Field Street, resulting in the congestion €or manufactured products and bulk goods. Due to a lack of a regional when a delivery truck (or trucks) double-parks to service the several highway system, railroads provide a major transportation role in businesses located on Field Street. One solution to this congestion McKean County, and certainly in the Kane area. Two rail companies would be the elimination of parking from both sides of Field Street. currently provide rail service in McKean County. Conrail operates This would allow for a loading/unloading zone on either side of the three lines and the Chessie System operates one. The Conrail lines street and eliminate double parking. However, elimination of park- are: The Warren to Ridgway via Kane; the Olean to Williamsport via ing spaces on Field Street wouli-add to the existing parking in- Eldred; and the Limestone to Lewis Run branch line. The Chessie adequacy along Fraley Street, which would in turn adversely affect System's line to Pittsburgh and Buffalo serves Bradford, Lewis Run the business district and Mt. Jewett. A branch of the Chessie System runs from Mt. Jewett to Kane. This latter branch has been proposed for abandonment. It The parking situation in the business district of Kane, as men- is presently classified as an operating line. However, it will be tioned above, is inadequate. The high volume of traffic on Fraley reevaluated in the near future. Rail service is increasingly becoming

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a major consideration for locating new industry; and many of Kane's Kane's housing land use: For the past several years, families have I industries rely heavily upon rail service. been moving from the Borough to the Township. The housing section of the Land Use Plan and the zoning ordinance recommend therein will, Loss of these vitai transportation routes could, in the long run, hopefully, encourage more residential development within the Borough. 1 be harmful to the economic development of McKean County and the Kane area. When the rail lines serving the Kane area are again subject The Borough of Kane is completely surrounded by Wetmore Township. to evaluation, a strong lobbying effort will be needed to emphasize In a situation such as this, the ultimate cooperation between the the extreme economic importance of these services. Borough and Township is a necessity. Several Borough Streets (and I State roads) extend into the Township, requiring a cooperative agree- Transportation Recommendations ment €or their maintenance. Kane Ambulance Assurance Plan, Inc. covers a 15 mile radius, thus providing Weemore Township with emergency 1 1. More strict enforcement of speed limits on Biddle Street medical transportation. This service radius would also include (Route 661 approaching the Clay Street intersection; and Ludlow, James City,.Mt. Jewett and a portion of Sergeant Township. more strict enforcement of speed limits on Hacker Street. The Kane Volunteer Fire Department has the responsibility of preserving i lives and property in the Borough of Kane. It also provides protec- 2. Investigate the above-mentioned potentially hazardous tion for James City, Wetmore Township, Mt. Jewett, on a contract basis; intersections, identifying them as such, and make plans and stand-by assistance for Ludlow and portions of Sergeant Township. I to provide pedestrian and motorist safety. The Kane V.F.D. has 75 volunteer members and 5 pieces of equipment. 3. Evaluate the traffic movement at the Greeves Street-Fralev In addition to the above-mentioned services, Kane serves as a Street intersection and provide more efficient traffic commercial center and source of employment for residents of surrounding I movement , when feasible. municipalities. The Kane Area School District also includes the sur- rounding municipalities. 4. Evaluate the parking situations, as outlined above, and provide more convenient parking area(s), when feasible. Subsequent to the reevaluation of the Borough sewage system, I recommendations will be made to extend the sewage and water services 5. Evaluate the periodic congestion of Field Street and to the densely settled areas of outlying municipalities, when Commons Street, and alleviate the situation, wherl feasible. feasible. Adoption of a zoning ordinance will allow the Borough I Council to control the Borough land use regarding residential, com- 6. Continue the excellent maintenance of the Borough's mercial and industrial development. The ordinance will help create streets and main thoroughfares. 'a more attractive community for present residents and prospective 8 residents and industries. Relationship with Adjacent Municipalities

1 The area of Wetmore Township immediately surrounding Kane Borough falls within the rural density category, where residential development occurs on large lots or on isolated non-continuous sites. 1 The12 appears to be an abundance of sites appropriate for rural density residential development. Herein lies one problem regarding i -40- I