Turkish Journal of Zoology Turk J Zool (2020) 44: 346-354 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/zoology/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/zoo-2003-7

Three new species of theClubiona corticalis-group from southern (Araneae: Clubionidae)

1 2, Jianshuang ZHANG , Hao YU * 1 School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China 2 School of Biological Sciences, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, Guizhou, P.R. China

Received: 06.03.2020 Accepted/Published Online: 22.06.2020 Final Version: 13.07.2020

Abstract: The present paper reveals three new sac species. All of them are distributed in southern China and can be placed in the corticalis-group: Clubiona caohai sp. nov. from Guizhou, Clubiona dakong sp. nov. from Tibet and Clubiona yanzhii sp. nov. from Hunan. Diagnosis, detailed descriptions, illustrations and distribution map of these three species are provided.

Key words: Sac , Asia, , morphology, new species

1. Introduction 2. Materials and methods The Clubiona Latreille, 1804 currently includes 500 Spiders in this study were collected by beating twigs and species distributed worldwide, except for the Polar Regions branches of shrub. All specimens were preserved in 75% and South America (World Spider Catalog, 2020). Clubiona ethanol. Type specimens are deposited in the Museum of is the most diverse genus in the family Clubionidae and Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China (MGEU, one of the most diverse genera in the order Araneae curator Hao Yu). Specimens were examined with an (Marusik and Omelko, 2018; Yu and Li, 2019a, 2019b; Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope and an Olympus CX41 World Spider Catalog, 2020). Due to the high diversity in compound microscope. Male and female copulatory Clubiona, several subgenera and species-groups have been organs were examined and illustrated after dissection. proposed (Simon, 1932; Gertsch, 1941; Lohmander, 1944; Epigynes were removed and cleared in warm lactic acid Edwards, 1958; Wiehle, 1965; Dondale & Redner, 1982; before illustration. Vulvae were also imaged after being Mikhailov ,1990, 1991, 1995, 2002; Deeleman-Reinhold, embedded in Arabic gum. Photos were captured with a 2001). However, the infrageneric classification of this Canon EOS70D digital camera mounted on an Olympus genus has not been established satisfactorily and is subject CX41 compound microscope. The digital images were to debate (Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001; Zhang et al., 2018). taken and assembled using the Helifocus 6.80 software TheClubiona corticalis-group, one of the most peculiar package. All measurements are in millimeters. Eye groups of the genus, has been widely considered putatively diameters are taken at the widest point. The total body monophyletic (Zhang et al., 2018). The corticalis-group length does not include the length of the or fauna of China is relatively common and well represented, spinnerets. Leg lengths are given as total length (femur, with more than 40 species (Wang et al., 2018; Zhang et patella + tibia, metatarsus, tarsus). Singleton female of al., 2018; Yu and Li, 2019a, 2019b), comprising one-third Clubiona dakong sp. nov. suffered little damage, Leg I and of the total number of species of the genus Clubiona in some podalic segments are missing. China. However, the diversity of this group in China is still References to figures in the cited papers are listed in insufficiently known and several new species have been lowercase type (fig. or figs); figures in this paper are noted described in the last few years (Zhang et al., 2018). with an initial capital (Figure or Figures). Abbreviations While examining spiders collected from southern used are as follows: A = epigynal atrium; AER = anterior China (Figure 1), we came across some specimens eye row; AL = abdomen length; ALE = anterior lateral that belong to the -group which are eyes; AME = anterior median eyes; AW = abdomen width; described here as belonging to three new species. BS = bursa; C = conductor; CL = carapace length; CO = * Correspondence: [email protected] 346

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Figure 1. Distribution records of Clubiona caohai sp. nov. (red square), C. dakong sp. nov. (red circle) and C. yanzhii sp. nov. (red triangle). copulatory opening; CW = carapace width; dRTA = dorso- a genus, all current species should be considered, which retrolateral tibial apophysis; E = embolus; FD = fertilization certainly requires a large-scale study (i.e. a worldwide duct; MOQ = median ocular quadrangle; MOQL = length phylogenetic revision). of MOQ; MOQA = anterior width of MOQ; MOQP = Clubiona corticalis species-group posterior width of MOQ; PER = posterior eye row; PLE Diagnosis. See Yu and Li (2019a). = posterior lateral eyes; PME = posterior median eyes; Comments. The corticalis-group fits Lohmander’s SB = spermathecal base; SH = spermathecal head; SP = Paraclubiona Lohmander, 1944 (subgenus with type spermatheca; TL = total length; vRTA = ventro-retrolateral species C. corticalis) and genus Atalia Thorell, 1887 (type tibial apophysis. Most of the terminologies used in text and species A. concinna Thorell, 1887, belongs to thecorticalis - figure legends followed Yu and Li (2019a, 2019b), while a group) (Wu et al., 2015; Zhang et al., 2018). The group may few others followed Zhang et al. (2018). be further separated from genus Clubiona senau lato, to be reconstructed to genus level (Zhang et al., 2018). 3. Results The present study follows World Spider Catalog (2020) Family Clubionidae Wagner, 1887 in regarding Paraclubiona and Atalia as synonyms of Genus Clubiona Latreille, 1804 Clubiona, rather than reconstruct the generic status of the Comments. Most of subgenera and species-groups were corticalis-group. Consequently, we temporarily place the established as genus, but currently regarded as junior three new species in Clubiona senau lato and assign them synonyms of Clubiona by World Spider Catalog (2020), to C. corticalis-group. and not listed in this Catalogue. Several authors have Clubiona caohai sp. nov. suggested elevation of the subgenera and species-groups (Figures 1–3) to genera level, e.g., Porrhoclubiona has been elevated from Type material. Holotype ♂ and paratype 1♀, China: subgenus Porrhoclubiona (= Clubiona genevensis-group) Guizhou Province, Bijie City, Weining County, Caohai to genus level by Marusik and Omelko (2018); Wunderlich Town, Caohai national nature reserve (26°51′54.96″ N, (2011) raised all subgenera to generic status. However, 104°14′4.63″ E), 2178 m, 25-v-2016, leg. Hao Yu & Cong with the exception of elevation of Porrhoclubiona, the Leng. other decisions were not accepted by World Spider Catalog Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type (2020). locality; noun. The genus Clubiona is very diverse and so far more than Diagnosis. The male ofC. caohai sp. n. can be 500 valid species have been described. Before splitting such distinguished from all other members of the C. corticalis-

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Figure 2. Clubiona caohai sp. nov., male holotype. A–B, flipped right palp (A prolateral view; B retrolateral view); C–E, left palpal bulb (C prolateral view; D ventral view; E retrolateral view). Abbreviations: C, conductor; E, embolus; dRTA, dorso- retrolateral tibial apophysis; vRTA, ventro-retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (equal for A–B, equal for C–E). group, except C. lamina Zhang, Zhu & Song, 2007 (Zhang be distinguished from C. lamina by having: (1) the embolar et al., 2007: figs 1A–1C), by having a wide embolus, and a apex sharp and curved (Figures 2A–2E); with a blunt apex similar blade-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis, but can in C. lamina (Zhang et al., 2007: figs 1A and 1C); (2) the

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Figure 3. Clubiona caohai sp. nov., male holotype (E–F) and female paratype (A–D, G–H). A–D, epigyne, ventral view (A intact; B cleared); C–D, vulva, dorsal view (C cleared; D cleared and embedded in Arabic gum). E–H, habitus (E, G dorsal view; F lateral view; H ventral view). Abbreviations: A, epigynal atrium; BS, bursa; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; SB, spermathecal base; SH, spermathecal head; SP, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (equal for A–D); 1 mm (equal for E–F, equal for G–H).

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Figure 4. Clubiona dakong sp. nov., female holotype. A–C, epigyne, ventral view (A intact; B cleared; C cleared and embedded in Arabic gum); D–E, vulva, dorsal view (D cleared; E cleared and embedded in Arabic gum). F–G, habitus (F dorsal view; G ventral view). Abbreviations: A, epigynal atrium; BS, bursa; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; SB, spermathecal base; SH, spermathecal head; SP, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (equal for A–E); 1 mm (equal for F–G).

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Figure 5. Clubiona yanzhii sp. nov., female holotype. A–C, epigyne, ventral view (A intact; B cleared; C cleared and embedded in Arabic gum); D–E, vulva, dorsal view (D cleared; E cleared and embedded in Arabic gum). F–G, habitus (F dorsal view; G ventral view). Abbreviations: A, epigynal atrium; BS, bursa; CO, copulatory opening; FD, fertilization duct; SB, spermathecal base; SH, spermathecal head; SP, spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.2 mm (equal for A–E); 1 mm (equal for F–G).

351 ZHANG and YU / Turk J Zool conductor directed prolatero-distally and do not extend Female. General appearance similar to male, but to the cymbial tip (Figure 2D), vs. pointing distally and slightly larger in size and lighter in color (Figures 3G extending to the cymbial tip in C. lamina (Zhang et al., and 3H). Measurements: TL 7.35; CL 3.08, CW 2.21; AL 2007: figs 1A and 1C); (3) in ventral view, the emblolic base 4.27, AW 2.35. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.13, wider than the middle part of embolus (Figure 2D) in new ALE 0.16, PME 0.13, PLE 0.16. AME–AME 0.19, AME– species, vs. the embolus is narrowest at base in C. lamina ALE 0.13, PME–PME 0.38, PME–PLE 0.28, MOQL 0.52, (Zhang et al., 2007: figs 1A and 1C); (4) tegulum apically MOQA 0.48, MOQP 0.68. I I 7.09 (2.03, 2.97, 1.31, 0.78), II unmodified (Figures 2C–2E), vs. the apical portion of the 7.37 (2.19, 3.07, 1.26, 0.85), III 6.11 (1.76, 2.22, 1.41, 0.72), tegulum distintly humped in C. lamina (Zhang et al., 2007: IV 8.76 (2.50, 3.15, 2.32, 0.79). figs 1A and 1C). The female of the new species is similar to Epigyne (Figures 3A–3D). Epigynal plate nearly square those of C. altissimoides Liu, Yan, Griswold & Ubick, 2007 shaped, spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible (Liu et al., 2007: figs 6 and 7) by the small and more or less through integument. Atrium small, about 1/3 of epigyne cordiform atrium, and by the general shape of vulva, but length and 1/4 of epigyne width, anteriorly cordiform, differ in the following: (1) copulatory openings located in posteriorly triangular. Copulatory openings small, located anterior part of atrium (Figures 3A and 3B), vs. located on anterolateral margin of atrium. Spermathecae with 2 at posterior sides of atrium in C. altissimoides (Liu et al., parts: spermathecal head oval and large, 1.5 longer than 2007: fig 6); (2) spermathecal head oval and unsmoothed, wide, anterior surface rough with numerous papilliform or with numerous papilliform or scale-like poxes at anterior scale-like blains, the two spermathecal heads separated by surface (Figures 3C and 3D), vs. fan-shaped and smoothed 0.8 diameters; spermathecal base tubular and convoluted, in C. altissimoides (Liu et al., 2007: fig 7). about 2.8 longer than diameter, distinctly smaller than Description. Male (Figures 3E and 3F). TL 5.75; CL spermathecal head. Fertilization ducts short and curved, 2.50, CW 1.76; AL 3.25, AW 1.66. Carapace, elongate-oval, acicular. Bursae situated posteriorly, globular, closely pale brown in alcohol, uniformly colored, without distinct spaced, more or less spherical, its diameter about 3/4 of pattern; fovea dark; ocular region distinctly narrowed, spermathecal head length, surface translucent and smooth. cervical groove and radial grooves distinct. Chelicerae Distribution. Only known from the type locality, brown, fang furrow with 3 teeth on the promargin and 2 Caohai national nature reserve, Guizhou, China (Figure 1). teeth on the retromargin. Labium and endites colored as Clubiona dakong sp. nov. carapace. Sternum brown. Eyes: AER in dorsal view slightly (Figures 1 and 4) recurved, PER wider than AER and almost straight. Eye Type material. Holotype ♀, China: Tibet Autonomous sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.15, PME 0.14, Region, Nyingchi Prefecture, Mt. Segrila, Lunang Town, PLE 0.15. AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.09, PME–PME ′ ″ ′ ″ 0.14, PME–PLE 0.14, MOQL 0.33, MOQA 0.36, MOQP near the village of Luobu (29°43 41.70 N, 94°43 47.42 0.49. Legs uniformly yellowish-white. Leg measurements: E), 3376 m, 14-vii-2017, leg. Jian Chen et al. I 6.67 (1.76, 2.62, 1.44, 0.85), II 6.97 (1.77, 2.76, 1.56, 0.88), Etymology. The specific name is derived from the III 5.71 (1.60, 1.95, 1.54, 0.62), IV 7.82 (2.16, 2.55, 2.42, Chinese pinyin ‘dà kǒng’, which means ‘large opening’, 0.69). Abdomen long-oval, grayish, dorsum clothed with referring to the large atrium; noun in apposition. dense grey setae, anteriorly with an arrow-shaped median Diagnosis. The new species is similar to C. ovalis Zhang, band, posteriorly with 5 or 6 chevrons; venter brown, 1991 (Zhang, 1991: figs 18 and 19) in having similarly oval with several pairs of irregular color patches and spots; atrium and general appearance of vulva. From C. ovalis, spinnerets brown. the female of the new species can be easily distinguished by Palp (Figures 2A–2E): Femur and patella unmodified. the atrium lager than spermathecae (while C. ovalis female Tibia short, with 2 apophyses: a heavily sclerotized dorso- has an atrium smaller than spermathecae) (cf. Figures 4A– retrolateral one, about 1/2 of palpal tibia length, with sharp 4E; Zhang, 1991: figs 18 and 19). apex, shaped like a blade; and a small, papilliform, partly Description. Female (Figures 4F and 4G). TL 7.00; CL membranous ventro-retrolateral apophysis. Cymbium 3.42, CW 2.48; AL 3.86, AW 2.04. Carapace light brown longer than tegulum, 1.8 longer than wide, cymbial base except dark brown ocular area, without distinct pattern; with a blunt, thumb-like apophysis. Tegulum elongate- fovea dark; cephalic region distinctly narrowed, cervical oval, 1.4 longer than wide; bulb strongly bulged, sperm groove distinct, radial grooves unconspicuous. Chelicerae duct indistinct in ventral view. Embolus wide and heavily robust and dark brown, fang furrow with 3 teeth on the sclerotized, about 2/3 of the tegulum length, dagger- promargin and 2 teeth on the retromargin. Labium and shaped and narrowed in the middle, its tip slightly curved endites slightly lighter in color than chelicerae. Sternum and extending above apex of cymbium. Conductor long, colored as carapace, bounded by numerous relativity membranous, and finger-like, originating from retrolateral long setae. Eyes: in dorsal view, both AER and PER side of tegulum, its tip hidden behind embolus. recurved, the former narrower than the latter. Eye sizes

352 ZHANG and YU / Turk J Zool and interdistances: AME 0.14, ALE 0.18, PME 0.12, PLE reniform in new species (Figures 5D and 5E), and oval in 0.15. AME–AME 0.18, AME–ALE 0.11, PME–PME 0.35, C. biforamina (Liu et al., 2016: figs 7 and 12). PME–PLE 0.29, MOQL 0.46, MOQA 0.41, MOQP 0.47. Description. Female (holotype) (Figures 5F and Legs uniformly yellowish-white; leg measurements: I 5G). TL 5.14; CL 2.59, CW 1.65 wide; AL 2.56, AW 1.33. missing, II — (1.39, 2.19, 1.08, —), III — (2.11, 2.41, 1.35, Carapace pyriform, light brown except dark-brown ocular —), IV 9.99 5.59 (2.79, 1.91, —, —). Abdomen long-oval, area, without distinct pattern; ocular region slightly dorsum centrally with a lengthwise reticular pattern, narrowed, fovea reddish; cervical groove and radial grooves reaching 2/5th of abdomen length, furnished with a thick indistinct. Chelicerae stout and dark brown, fang furrow tuft of setae anteriorly, posteriorly with a fuzzy pattern with 3 teeth on promargin and 4 on retromargin, fangs red represented by numerous horizontal stripes or blotches; wine-colored. Labium and endites colored as ocular area. venter reddish-brown, medially with two longitudinal Sternum light brown. Eyes: in dorsal view, both AER and dotted lines; spinnerets brown. PER slightly recurved, the latter wider than the former; Eye Epigyne (Figures 4A–4E). Epigynal plate slightly longer sizes and interdistances: AME 0.11, ALE 0.12, PME 0.11, than wide, spermathecae and bursae indistinctly visible PLE 0.10. AME–AME 0.09, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME through transparent integument. Atrium shaped like a 0.24, PME–PLE 0.19, MOQL 0.22, MOQA 0.28, MOQP chicken egg, 1.4 longer than wide, unremarkably large, 0.38. Legs uniformly yellowish-white. Leg measurements: I about 1/2 of epigyne length, anterior atrial border slightly 3.88 (1.41, 1.32, 0.61, 0.54), II 54.99 (1.44, 1.96, 0.95, 0.63), concave in the middle. Copulatory openings small, closely III 4.94 (0.95, 1.13, 0.50, 0.42), IV 5.29 (1.85, 0.96, 1.91, spaced, located at posterior atrial margin. Spermathecae 0.56). Abdomen long-oval, dorsally gray with dense setae composed by 2 parts: spermathecal head oval and large, and a lengthwise white heart mark, reaching posterior half; surface smooth, 1.4 longer than wide, the two spermathecal with a pairs of muscular depressions located at distal part heads separated by one diameter; spermathecal base of heart mark; venter light grey, without distinct pattern; tubular and smaller than spermathecal head, surface spinnerets off-white. wrinkled. Fertilization ducts acicular, membranous, Epigyne (Figures 5A–5E). Epigynal plate 1.2 wider located on distal surface of spermathecae. Bursae globular, than long, bursae prominently visible through transparent situated posteriorly, closely spaced, its diameter about 3/4 integument. Atrium small, about 1/3 of epigyne width, of spermathecal head length; bursal surface membranous anterior margin (or hood) heavily sclerotized, M-shaped. and wrinkled, inside pigmented and sclerotized. Copulatory openings indistinct, located in the hood. Male: Unkown. Spermathecae consisting of vase-shaped head and Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Mt. convoluted base, carrying small fertilization ducts on Segrila, Tibet, China (Figure 1). terminal ends; the two spermathecae close to each other. Clubiona yanzhii sp. nov. Bursae reniform, closely spaced, distinctly bigger than (Figures 1 and 5) spermathecae, 1.3 longer than wide. Type material. Holotype ♀ and paratype 1♀, China: Male: Unkown. Hunan province, Changde City, Shimen County, Mt. Distribution. Only known from the type locality, Mt. Huping, Hupingshan Town, near the village of Jinbanshan Huping, Hunan, China (Figure 1). (30°7′58.99″ N, 110°42′0.99″ E), 755 m, 9-viii-2019, leg. Nomenclatural acts: This work and the nomenclatural Hao Yu et al. acts it contains have been registered in ZooBank. ZooBank Etymology. The specific name is in honor of Yanzhi Life Science Identifier (LSID) for this publication is: http:// Yu, the son of the authors. zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FF59A8E1-CD66- Diagnosis. Females of Clubiona yanzhii sp. nov. are 4565-B090-EB15E05913C5. most similar to C. biforamina Liu, Peng & Yan, 2016 (Liu et al., 2016: figs 6 and 7, 11 and 12) by having similar atrium Acknowledgments with M-shaped anterior margin (Figures 5A–4C), but can We thank an anonymous editor for editing the be easily recognized by the atrial hood (Figures 5A–5C), manuscript. The earlier version of the manuscript the copulatory openings (Figures 5A–5C) and vulva benefited greatly from constructive comments by Yuri (Figures 5D and 5E): (1) the atrial anterior margin (or M. Marusik (Magadan, ) and Mikhail M. Omelko hood) is distinct and heavily sclerotized (Figures 5A–5C), (Vladivostok, Russia). We are deeply grateful to Man Fang vs. hood is absent in in C. biforamina (Liu et al., 2016: figs and Zhengtao Zhang for their assistance during the field 6 and 11); (2) copulatory openings indistinct and slit-like work. This work was supported by the Natural Science (Figures 5A–5C), vs. obvious and circular in C. biforamina Foundation of Guizhou Province (J [2020] 1Y081), the (Liu et al., 2016: figs 6 and 11); (3) the spermathecal heads National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (NSFC- are vase-shaped (Figures 5D and 5E), vs. hammer-shaped 31702006/41561072/31660691), and Guizhou Education in C. biforamina (Liu et al., 2016: figs 7 and 12); (4) bursae University Academic Discipline Project (Biology).

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