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Sabitri Brata : Important Ritual of Married Women with Husbands Alive

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Sabitri Brata : Important Ritual of Married Women with Husbands Alive JUNE - 2013 Odisha Review Sabitri Brata : Important Ritual of Married Women with Husbands Alive Dr. Dina Krishna Joshi Odisha is remarkable for tradition of Oshas, Bratas and Melas. The ceremony and sanctity of these traditional religious festivities are more or less lively and some of them are gradually perishing too. The source of these Oshas, Bratas and Melas goes back to the ancient times. Some of them are directly derived from Bhagabat where as most of them are derived from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Shiva Purana, etc. Mostly the former two are observed by women of Odisha. But the Melas are observed by all the Ramba trutiya, Bipattarini, Gouri and Kartika family members. Each Odia family must wait Bratas. eagerly to such an occasion in a year. These constitute the essence of Odia tradition. There Out of nearly thirty Bratas, Savitri Brata are almost sixteen major Oshas such as Budhei, is a fasting day observed by all Hindu Chaitra Mangala, Alana, Shani, Janhi, Bata, Odia married women on the Amavasya, the last Dutiya (Puajiuntia), Danda Panhara, Sathi, Kanji day of the dark fortnight, in the month of Jyestha. Anla, Sukutuni, Nisha Mangalabara, Margasira This day is most favourable for the married Hindu Gurubara (Dhanamanika/Khudurukuni), Benatia, women whose husbands are alive. They observe Purnima and Bada Osha have been observing. it as a vow with great dedication and pray for There are nearly thirty Bratas, observed in Odisha their husband to have a long life. Married women in a year. They are Santoshi Mata Brata, Sudasha, in Odisha fast during the day and listen to the story Kedar, Sambadashami, Radhastami, Somanath, of Savitri and Satyaban. The word Savitri Kukkuti, Pandu Osha, Sabitri, Naga Chaturthi, Amavasya reflects the origin and significance of Sankata Chaturthi, Rabinarayan, Balitrutiya (Tija), the Vat-Savitri puja. The fast is dedicated to Samba Dasami, Shibaratri, Rai Damodara, Shri Savitri and Satyaban; her husband who was Krishna Janmastami, Ananta, Pusa Rabibara, destined to die within one year but was brought Binayaka, Skanda Sasthi, Magha, Guru back to life by her penance. The God of Panchami, Guru Purnima, Baisakha, Sita Nabami, death, Yama, is implored by Savitri when he is 25 Odisha Review JUNE - 2013 about to leave his body. Due to her sheer Savitri Brata Katha/Story: determination and devotion to her husband, she One day king Yudhisthira, the elder son won him back to life. Soon Satyaban regained of Pandu, asked Sri Krishna: Oh! Krishna, Oh his lost kingdom. Madhava! Kindly tell me about the brata which Legend behind the festival: if performed by women brings immense happiness and good fortune to them and also saves them The Brata was named after Savitri. She from widowhood. Kindly enlighten me! was the beautiful daughter of King Aswapati of Madra Desa. She selected Satyaban as her life Upon hearing this from Yudhisthira, Sri partner, a prince in exile who was living in the Krishna replied: Your majesty! I will now narrate forest with his blind father Dyumatsen. She left before you; please listen carefully. Women the palace and lived with her husband and the in- observe various kinds of bratas. Out of these laws in the forest. As a devoted wife and Savitri Brata is the foremost. One who performs daughter-in-law, she went to great lengths to take this brata is blessed with children and wealth and care of them. One day while cutting wood in the well being of their respective husbands. Her life is filled with evergreen happiness. forest, Satyaban's head reeled and he fell down from a tree. Savitri accompanied him on that day. Then Yudhisthira asked : O Gopinath ! Then Yamraj, the death God, appeared to take Please narrate how one become benefitted by away his soul. Deeply hurt, Savitri pleaded to performing this brata. Sri Krishna continued in Yamraj not to be separated from her husband. If his sweet voice: O Dharmasuta! Now listen. There he would take away the soul of her husband; she was a king named Aswapati. He earned great would also follow. Yamraj, moved by the devotion fame in the whole world as a very gracious and of Savitri, returned the life of her husband. judicious king. He was very wealthy and his coffers always remained filled with treasures. But Observation of Savitri Brata: the one thing that kept him always dejected was Women wake up early in the morning on that he had no children. the Savitri Brata day and after taking bath, wear Once an unknown saint visited the king’s new clothes and ornaments including bangles. All palace. The king washed his feet and welcomed married women use red vermillion on the him by paying obeisance. The sage was very forehead, which is elongated to touch the line pleased. By virtue of his insight he could sense parting the hair. Savitri is symbolically represented traces of grief in the king’s mind. He asked, “O by the grinding stone, locally known as Sila Pua. King! Why are you sad?” The king replied, The grinding stone is thoroughly cleaned and “Munishree! I have got everything in life, but no worshipped. Bhoga or offering to Savitri consists child. So I have no peace of mind.” The sage of rice, wet pulses and locally available fruits like said, “Rajan! I will tell you a mantra. If you recite mango, jackfruit, banana, palm, date palm, etc. this with utmost devotion you will be blessed with The fasting begins at sunrise and ends after sunset a daughter. This daughter will bring wellbeing and with the evening prayers. The fast is broken by good luck to you. Having said this, the saint went consuming the offering made to Savitri. Women away. also make it a point to read or listen to the Savitri King Aswapati recited the mantra with Brata Katha mentioned in the Mahabharata. devotion every moment each day. Subsequently 26 JUNE - 2013 Odisha Review a daughter was born in an auspicious moment. adamant on an issue. During her visit to the forests Since she was born by chanting of the holy mantra, she once happened to see a stranger and instantly she was named Savitri. accepted him as her husband. It has caused a lot Savitri grew with utmost love and of worry to me. Could you kindly suggest a way blessings of her parents. When she was young, out ? she used to visit the hermitages in the forest Upon hearing this Narada called Savitri accompanied by her maids for paying respect to to him and asked : Dear Savitri, tell me whom the revered sages there and serve them. Once as have you chosen to be your husband ? Savitri she was roaming in the forest with her maids she narrated all the incidence. saw a handsome youngman Satyaban and was Upon hearing this, sage Narada told the impressed. She asked a hermit about the king: O Aswapati ! I have this to say - when once Youngman and able to know everything. king Dyumantsen lost his eyes due to his Sensing symptoms of fascination and misfortune and became blind, enemies captured interest on Savitri’s face, the great Muni replied, his kingdom. After that he now stays in the forest. “Dear Princess ! He is a prince. There is a King Dyumatsen is endowed with all good kingdom named Avanti which was earlier ruled qualities. But I can see that your daughter, the by king Dyumatsen. He is the son of that king. princess, will spend her life in utter grief after her Due to his ill fate the king is now forced to stay in marriage. If this marriage takes place, she is going the forest with his family. This only son of him is to become a widow. Prince Satyaban’s life is very Satyaban. short. He is destined to die after one year. In view On learning from the Muni that the young of this the princess should change her opinion. man was a prince Savitri developed a desire to After hearing this princess Savitri felt sad. marry him. Nurturing such a wish within her she Now that she had once accepted someone as returned to her palace that day. She told her her husband at the core of her heart, there was mother about it. The queen after knowing this no question of marrying someone else, come what apprised the king about it. The king asked : the may. So she told her father straight away: My son of which king is the prince ? Without knowing dear father ! I am a righteous woman. A woman this how can we give the hand of our daughter to who is righteous never changes her mind after him ?” accepting someone as her husband. Any deviation As the matter was being discussed by the from such a decision makes her sinful. So father, king and the queen, Narada, the great sage, I have to face whatever is there in my fate. Allow appeared there. The king was very happy and me to face my destiny. received him with great reverence. He washed Upon hearing this from Savitri, sage his feet and paid obeisance to him. As the ritual Narad said happily: I feel blessed to hear such of reception of the sage was going on, Savitri came words of commitment and firmness. Savitri, let there. Seeing her Narada asked : whose daughter your wish be fulfilled. You are going to be a lucky is this ?” woman. Having said this Narada went away. The king replied: O great sage ! This is Thereafter king Aswapati made my daughter. I have a problem. She is now arrangements for a grand marriage of his beloved 27 Odisha Review JUNE - 2013 daughter.
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