ASSOCIATION FOR INDUSTRIAL ARCHAEOLOGY m Volume 17 Number 2 1990

A LITE BURXIXG BEYOLUTION local consumption. But Revolutionary' changes Hotfman type kiln which today is a Scheduled The inlluences of the Industrial Revolution are came as an rmmedrale consequence oi the Ancient Monumenl The kilns survive substan- apparent in many asp€cls ol the archaeology construction ol the Seltle and Carlisle Railway, tially intact together with the base ol a later, of the eighteenth to twentieth centuries. Indus- whrch connected lhe area with large external verlical sleel hiln and assocraled quaflres. tries like iron smelting and cotton spinning were markets. The Langcliffe quarries and works, transporl systems and ancillary buildings. The sw€pt along early by the 'Revolution', but its three miles north of Settle next lo the newly Murgatroyd works had closed by 1907 but the inlluences on others took longer and came constructed southern section of the ra lway (SD Craven works were in production until 1939. about in diflerenl wavs. The production of lirne 824 663) we'e one prod"ct of l1e expansro'r Alter the war the site passed throLrgh several was one aclivity slow to change, remaining for The Langcllffe compex cons sted oi two neigh- ownerships belore becoming a rubbish dump. most ol the eighteenth and n neteenth cen- bouring but independent limeworks, both ot An aerial view (below) shows that substantial turies mainly a small'scale business, with little whrcl^ began i. '372-3. tra,lsponr.rg a ge parts oi the layout and slructures ot both technical innovation. However, a process indus, quantrties of qlcklme lo Bradiord and Shef- lirneworks survive. On lhe Craven site the latest trialisation did occur Recent work at one lield on the new railway The larger of the two phases ol quarrying. above and left of the imporlant hme producrng s,te In lhe Pennines was the Craven Lime Company, lormed by the reiuse lrp Wthin these areas and leading to provides a microcosm ol developments which long'standing partnership ol John Clark and lhe processrng area can be traced some ol the atlected the industry in the late nineteenth and Michael Wilson, lhe smaller was lhe company srte s tramway network This Included weighing earv twentielh centuries. of Thomas Murgalroyd. machrnes a lunnel under one ol lhe spoil In May and June 1989 the sile ol the Langclifte Murgatroyd buill a traditionally designed, if heaps. and al leasl two Inclined planes-{he Umeslone Ouarry and kilns, near Settle in massively scaled, set ot three draw krlns lor most promrnenl surv|vrng above the oval North Yorkshire, was the subiect of an archaeo- burning lhe lime. However the Craven Hotfman krln complele wrth drurr houstng logical suNey in advance of pro@sds to Company decrded on an even more rassive Between the quarries and the mainline railway develop the site as a tourist attraction. The survey was carried out by the Lancaster University Archaeological Unil on behalf of the Ribblesdale Trust, according to a briel outlined by Robert White of the Yorkshire Dales Nallonal Park. The aims of the survey were to provide a detailed inventory and survey ol remains on the site, and lo construct a preliminary account ol its development using physical, documentary and oral evidence. lhe use of lime grew rapidly during the Induskial Revolulion. 11 was lhe major ingre- dient of mortar lor building, il was used widely as a lenilizer, and it had a crucial role as a flux in iron production. Olher uses were in tanntng. bleaching, disinfeclion, glass manulaclure and paper making. Fhere is linb published work to establish the hislorical developmenl ol trme burning, either in the Pennines or nationally. However Arthu Raistrick, in Old Yorkshire Dales, suggested that the lime industry of the region rellected general trends For the medie, val period he identified the existence of temporary kilns lor building, and scattered and intermittently op€rated kilns lor agricultural use lmprovements in agriculture in lhe sixteenth to eighleenth cenluries led to expansion ot the lime industry However, Raistrick suggested that the scallered paltern of lime burning in the Dales remained much lhe same into the nineteenth century. wrth the imoortant addttion of clusters ot 'selling' kilns where limestone was adjacent to coal supplies In the Senle area. there seems lo have been a well establashed lime industry by the mid nrneleenlh producing century, lime mainly lor Aerial view ol lh6 Langclille limswo*s Photo: Rob6n WhiIE, fo*shi.e Dales Nanonat F,E* larnrv ol kiln types strll In use loday Vertrcal krlns seem lo have been a steel clad develop- menl ol the draw kiln wth lhe essenlEl drflerence lhal luel was ted dlrectly Inlo lne burnrng zone There were many variants lhe Dielzch ktln for example was developed lor cement manulaclure In 1884 and later adapled for lrme. and others included the Aalb'i. Smidth and Spencer kilns The exacl mak( - the Craven example is not known, although Spencer ktlns were In use nearby lls dale ol conslruclron is also unknown although it was clearly in use by 1907 The Langclitle site is imporlanl nol lusl becaLtse ol lhe scheduled Hotlman kiln The draw'kiln and steelkrln types illuslrate stages ol technologtcal developmenl ln lhe late nine- leenth cenlury, when importanl advances were chretly of lorelgn ongln Wth lts ttansporl \*'{ r-' syslem and many anclllary bulldings the slte conslituies a valuable document ol lhe mosl revolulionary stage in lhe developmenl ol lne lime Industry as well as ol lhe Industrral hlstory ol lhe Yorkshrre Dales The investigatron ol the site will conlinue, and publication ol lhe survey and oral hrstory research is planned The aulhors wrll be Pholo: Luau inlormalion aboul comparaoE or lnside the Hotfman kih al tangclifie gralelul for conkasting sites elsewhere and in parlcular lhal advancement o{ which was controlled by the Starnlorlh Srdrngs provided lhe knk about other Hollman limekilns No methodEal openrng and shLltling the tlLles and varyrng lhe broLrght coal In and look lime and llmeslone survey of Hoflman ktlns has yel been altemp- now lhe County quantry ol coal fed lrom above Fresh llme_ away The butldings here are led, bLrt others are known to sLlMVe at Inglelon ano stone was contlnually packed ahead ol the Councrl reluse depol, but old photograpns in Norlh Yorkshtre. Llanymynech in Powys. and some 'burning zone and lime exlracted frorn behlnd Ordnance Survey maps Indlcale lhal Minera in Clwyd Two kilns sutuNe closer Io lrom This type ol kiln was capable ol producrng were workshops and otlrces dallng it technological origins as pan ol a mLrseum large quanlities ol lime could be repalred therr several phases ol operalion A slone c(rsher projecl al Witlen in the Ruhr Three examples wrthoul halting produclron and was repuled to was also Probably used In lhrs area now demoltshed stood near Buxlon in Der lar produce a very lme Thomas Murgalroyd s main quarry lay at lhe PUre byshtre and lwo mole near Eelchworth In possrbly a second The circular lorm ol the kiln was patenled by lett ol the photograph with, Surrey Communications should be addresseo The large Ffiedrich Hoflman in 1858 for brick makrng' quarry lo the lett oJ the kiln bank lo Ntchael Trueman al lhe Lancasler unNersily N,4any rmprovemenls lollowed and lhe irsl use revelmenl wall ol the kllns and thetr charging Archaeological Unit, Bailrigg Lancasler, LA1 bLrrnrng presumably dates to thls holes can be made out JUsl above the railway, lor lime himsell. in 1870, patenled a 4YB wrlh a line clearly shown leadlng down lrom lls period Hollman Michael rrueman verslon lhat became the Archaeological Unit base An rnclined plane raised coal lrom the nearly reclangular Lancastet University design The Langclille Holtrnan klln srdings lo the cnarglng ramps more usual three years atler the The remarns ol lhe three kiln lypes useo al whrch dates lrom only HELP! palenl. rs an unLlsually large example Langclille are vrsually lmpressrve as well as second TO ABSTBACT OB NOI TO ABSTRACT with a tunnel under 800 leet lonq represenlrng dlsllnci slages In lirnekln lechno iusl has now been kiln al the Craven Works was ol a The AIA Abstractlng Service rn the Industrlalisalon phase ol lhe lrade The second logy operating lor several years lls purpose rs to 'lhe large draw krlns ol the f.4llrgatroyd lhree keep members inlormed of articles on industrial represenl the earliest slage ol klln wofks archaeology and allied subjecls which appear lhe srle Thls lype ol krln technoogy on both in local society publicatrcns and in the have developed In lhe early lo mlo appears lo national and lechnical press. The abslracls cenlury as a rellnement ol lhe erghleenlh appear at the back of each issue of Industnal flare krln Burnlng was a conllnuous pfimlrve Archaeology Review The scheme is lhal process wrlh llmeslone and coal berng leo Ln abslracls be senl in on a regular basis by a layers lrom lhe lop ol lhe krh Inlo alternatrng network ol conlributors SF€clal lorms are A burnlng zone was an Inverled cone issued and litlle work is involved Unlortunately cenlre ol lhe krln marnlarned al lhe approxrmale lne number ol volunleers parllclpa|ng is burnl hme was cxlraoled kom lhe draw and currenlly very small. and thls is reflectecj rn the rts hole al base lairly narrow range ol publlcalions whlch are operalton ol lhe Hotlman krln was by The normally quoled New volunleers are thefelore honzontal process Llrneslone was contrasl a urgently needed who are willing to keep a packed Inlo a conllnuous lunnel usually In lwo walching brEl on Journals to which they may slacks al opposrle ends of lhe krln separale akeady subscribe or which they can reaolly led kom lhe lop lhroLlgh a mullrtude Coal was see Undertaken properly this could be an leeder holes Draughl was provded Dy a ol exlremely valuable service summansrng some a nelwork ol llues A irre was ch mney lhrough ol the mynad arlicles which are relevanl lo marnlarned In bolh hmeslone slacks the induslrial archaeology but which even the mosl dedrcaleci could not possibly keep ab(east ol alone Supplies ol lorms and olher detalls are available trom John Powell, The Library, lron bndge Gorge Museum lronbridge TelJord Shropsh re, TF8 7AW (095245 2751) lt more volunteers do nol come torward, il may be concluded there is not sutJicient Inlerest lo conlinurng. sleel kiln, Itom A B Seade. 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Allematively, plant Ariong lhe considerable assels which lheir which is bound to lollow privalisalion does not can be mothballed, as at Maply Brook, Chorley new share-holders can now conlemolate, the obliterate slructures whose value mav be while the burlding conlinues to house replace- 'ten waler companies ol England and Wales' missed il only viewed.on a balance sheet. The ment electric pumps. New uses have been have an archilectural legacy which ancludes old water authorities, despite some lapses, like lound which provrde lor reparr and main_ some ol the oulstanding sleam engine houses lhe demolition of Elkesley in Notlinghamshire, tenance costs, and these spacior-rs and well-hl in lhe \,!orld, as well as water tollers and dams were usually sympalhetic, valuing amenity and b{]ildings can otten be adapted, lo. instance as of pollerful and ingenious design. The mulliple maintaining buildings to a high slandard. The oachestral rehearsal rooms, or even Jor l' beam engine palaces of lhe mid-nineleenth pressures on the new companies, both lrom ing. century are among the linest producls of a customers lretting aboul clean tap waler and In lhe case of demolition, lull records have lo colleclive mind awash w[h the architectural kom profit-anxious stockholders, will be quile oe made. lhough rt rs hoped lhal by lecognis- styles ol the pasl, burlt by a nation newly ditlerenl, so they should at the very least be ing lhe importance of the industry's collection conscious of its civic dignily and national properly informed as to the importance of therr losses may be minimised The trrst step musl weallh. The great halls built lo house the buildings and the value we pul on them. be lo carry out a comprehensve slocklaktng, lowenng weddrng cake lflple expansion Such inlormalion is an important supplement to since preliminary research seems to show lhat engines Jrom the 1890s are swagged and lhe statutorv controls on develoomenl. since as there ts nowhere a complele lisl of the hrstonc decorated with typical Edwardaan pomposity. Oliver Pearcy and Peler White have recently buildings ol the waler industry. The author ol Through highlands lrom Wales to Scotland lhe oointed out in Conservation News, ...nenher the SAVE study is appealing lor inlormahon, new industrial conurbalions appropriated val' scheduled monuments or list€d bualding particularly about those buildings most likely to leys to create reservoirs wilh a Wagnerian eye, cont.ols provide a totally satisfactory basis b€ overlooked and which local knowledge whilsl across lowland Brilain waler towefs tor conirolling works to historic plant'. The might pick up, and lor conlact with people mushroomed in stvles hom the Greek revival to posilaon ol buildings like waler tov!€rs which akeady recording and prolecling struclures lhe Arts and Cratls may, through lheir singularity of tunction, be linked to the supply ol water and the removal ol These buildings constitute the principal archr- viewed as planl, is notoriously uncertain, and it sewage. SAVE has an excellenl record ol lectural lorms ol lhe waler induslrv, an uncata- is a relief that English Heritage are sympathetlc raising awareness within lhe public, the medra logued expresgon ol lhe urbanisalion ol Vic- lo lhe oolential oroblem. and private organisations ol the need lor lorian Britain. In a book planned lor later this Faced by a building no longer in use, what conservation, and this is a good opportunity lor year, SAVE Britain s Heritage are hopang to should lhe new comoanies do? Full preseNa- industrial archaeology lo advance rts under- make bolh the general public and the new tion in operating condition is obviously the ideal valued case lor proleclion and preservation. solution, and lor the likes ol Abbey Mills, every Please write to James Douel, 16 Crowndale etlort must be made by public and p vate Road, Knowle, Bristol BS4 2DZ (0272 7763161

IHE CAA DI CANDI LEGTURE I9A9 guardianship sites. But to take on, lor example, 'Industrial Archaeology: presenl ptoblems and St Pancras would mean lhe loss ol a lot ol long future directions' was the theme chosen bv Dr bafiows in Wiltshire. Old sites in rural areas are Neil Cossons. Drreclor of the Science Museum, cheap lo run, and lhe archaeological establlsh- when he addressed a minuscule audience at ment is nol equrpped lo deal with lhe scale ol the University of Birmingham in December. monuments later than the post-medieval. Dr Cossons began by remembering the begin- Neil Cossons went on to outline three initiatives nings ol industrial archaeology under lhe aeg|s which could tackle these shortcomtngs ll ls ol this very university in the mid 1950s, when Iame lo accept that a legitimale breed ol Michael Rix and others began to examine and andustrial archaeologists does exrsl, and ensure detine industrial monumenls in the unloved lhal these rare beings can lrain olhers This posl war landscapes ol the M/est midlands. The iniliative will only be successlul if there are Council lor British Archaeology s Industrial places to employ industrial archaeologists, and Archaeology Research Committee had been a various institutions-English Heritage, the powerful intluence since 1959, and lhe hdus- Science N,4useum, lronbridge, the Black Country lrial Monumenls Survey which it tathered had, Museum-should make an act ol laith and use lhrough ils thematic and county sutueys, been such people to further their work Then ol inestimable value in identityrng key siles and academic induslrial archaeology needs some securing therr proleclon academic homes to house and develop the Industrial Archaeologv had nol, however, breed: in one or lwo university deparlmenls ol secured .ecognil|on in itself, and still had to archaeology, which currently oversupply the achieve lhree things belore il can be sarcl lo earlier period skills but produce no-one to have come of age First. more practiloners are lurther industnal archaeology The lronbridge needed lo develop the pa(icular skills requifed Institute, lounded on industrial hrstory and a and 10 lormahse sludies ol induslrial land' preservation ethic, he said, needs a slronger scapes The academic crilical mass has not archaeolog|cal root Gothic Horror al Green Lane pumping station, needs new method Hanlngay Photo: J.hes Do@l yet been reached, and Industrial archaeologists Finally English Hefilage a trained by postgraduale studies need to lrnd ol guardranshrp. Involvrng local enlhusiasm. companres appreciate its beauty and impor- employers Second, there are slill not enough managemenl agreemenls, and a parlnership ln lance, and to help lhe best pans lo survive lhe resources lo lackle the demands ol Induslnal lunding. About lorty important industnalmonu- .nosl draslrc changes srnce lhe extinction ol archaeology, it mrssed oul on the lunding oJ menls are curently in lhe care ol enthustast lhe greal sleam engrnes wilh lhe comtng ol lhe rescue archaeologj/ in the 1960s, and has groups, bul what happens when the enlhu' compacl eleclnc pump never allracled lhe resources to develop a srasls can no longer manage? or cossons The record ol conservalion in lhe waler Industry orooer record on lhe lines ol lhe Hislonc spoke ol Oueen Slreet Mill, the lasl steam' has been generally good, rnany ol lhe ltnesl American Burldings Survey and Historrc Ameri' driven textile mill in Brilarn, where lhe lradilional engrne houses becomrng museums or berng can E,]grneel|ng Becord In the Unrted Slales lorm ol guardianshrp is a non-starler because run nlacl by volunlary lrusls The mosl glanng Third. attrludes lo induslialisalion have nol lhe process of p€rsuasion is too drtlicull, and exceplon rs lhe lnesl ol lhem all however. been changed ll rs nol yel possible lo have where the real ddemma is the lack ol local Abbey ldrls n easl London whch conlinues lo lhe processes which normally presetue monu' enlhusrasls As lhe old skrlls de out il is a langursh In Hamme, Horror splendour under a menls ol lhe dislanl past applied to monu- dilemma wh|ch mrght be assisled by a sort ol verl o1 drrl The new sludy wrll arm lo high[ghl menls ol lhe induslrial age. Instead industrial National Trust lor Induslrial Archaeology, pro- lhose burdrngs mosl In need ol the kind ot archaeology accepls the drmrnrshrng processes viding expertise, management and sile cuslo_ care lhat l'ras been Vovidtd by lhc best ol adaptive re-use. even lor monumenls ol dians on a regional rather than a site basis. By erdlple5 ul at lv, ln-.-qralt'n. such as al , undoubted world signilicance. lf lhe basic these lhree developmenls the tlvo branches ol t Flyhope Enqhlon anrj f . w problem rs lanancial stringency. pehaps there industrial archaeology-the recordrng of period Equally I \i/rll lry lar produce a coherenl prclure should b€ some de-accessioning ol early archaeology and lhe preservalion ol rts srg' ol lhe exlenl and drversrty ol lhe Induslry'S I e6ed eas re{eM sauJef puP tpr]sleyt tueg Iq tuua uoldwuS uqof 160loaeqcie leulsnpul poued p sp larlsnpur Jo uotst^ 6uuu'^ pre^ V tlo^ ptarl VN eql uro4 :Iaqqv elte3 lnoqe auop aq ol spaou ourqtauros oqt uo Alled ^oopaeqcleponsua Uorssncsrp V VgC ^:- leql u/v\orls a^eq IeLU pueloul^taleradsap lo elpprur oql ul aql Jo )uaprsa.rd papole pue ^ta^t p pue-sacuarcsLroc 6urua^a iaquJo3ao lo lualuudoo ^MeuL]leqrno ^oolooeltcrv lo 'duelc )raql ouruJexa^epul o1 paleoap a^Pq AeL! acuerpnP fueuresou .rossalord^Islo^run ua)jel seM reqC aql aql lo auros l3alqns oql ur sorlrunuoddo posrlelr^ar aq lq6rur-^q sluouJnuour lueirIu6rs pue so6ueqc luasad aql uo pue e6ed uo4 psnulluoc ^lued ^pn)s ' urnle arnlcelnueur aLll Jo oql olur lqosul PopuaLte/duJoc aq ue u€6 pue lueld 6urssolord eql ejoldxe uec uorlcnporo slr 6roq,1^ olrs Aluo orll soeqrd^llnl ol alqrssod eq Lr tr a6Pts ralet e lv 066t pue fulsnpur Llnle aql Iq poleaD sedecs Lr )jro^ rJorleprpsuoc aqt a^iasqo pue els eql 'puet paruosod lsaq aql lo auo MAr^ Ot AtqP aq rM crtqnd aqt teLt) popualur sr ll sr ll la^al eas le )icop In9-I9or^lpalqnopun e qlr,u uorlcnrlsuocar luanoasqns lo Aterncce slJo/v\ aql ouDjurt s^eaurerl paurtcur pue sdeaq aql arnsuo ol asue^pP rJr no peurPc 6uraq olse,$ 'sourenb pate|cossP eql q /t4 raqlaool pue sr 0ur,4 erp uorle^ala 6ur e^el lsnrl teuorlPN aql ol souolaq lueld ourssac partrlcor 6ursn lroa palrelao^qderboloqd suol -oro ureLu aql pa^lo^ur sassa9oio aql a9erl pue ^a^rns ueurog surnr e)irl solrs luarcue aJoLU ol ope aq ol lsrooloeeqcre teulsnpur oql lol .oJ paNasar ^eqqeare qorqM sonbruqcal uorl ecuaphe luorcrllns llls sr oraqt z98l pue 0991 -caloid ^leuriou pue lecrooloeeqcre ourprocar snornec uaai laq srseq luaDrLllralur ue uo urnP lo suol puP alqrsuoosar orrs leulsnpur luasar Aurel e 000 09 ueql orour pacnporo s)iroM lead aql etleew tue1 ot our^ldCe Lr lpnsnun sdeqrad sr qceodde aq_I AlOq/'^ la^a/\ Oq eilqsllol qUoN Ul lecsua PU terluotod pnl pue lpsdol v uorsora lelseoc Jo llnsar e se ,o uorl lsBnol oursrlear pue sacrnos fueluaur r.llr,r srolel ecroolooeqcle ourlees pue suorl -rlourop ol onp lsol ueaq seq uorlcnpod uJnle -ncop qlrv\ -epunol posodxo o3uapr^a lecrbopaeLlcie oururquroc 0urlcolord osle lslrqil uorsr^ ot burlelar ocuapr^a te3roopaeqgle aqt lo qcnf! 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Iluo uolcnpo]d peseac'Iqtno€ le'st]oM lsel aql leql sroprsuoc ouo ueqa eare prnr e qcns ur ouquls sr ecuap^o^lle|cadsa to ssol oqf 'oulllseoc lo qclarls srql lo ilrurcr^ aql ul ouEnpord sols Lulql ueql arour ore r. . ., leql lcel oql lo olros ur anrl $ sq1 porPoooP -srp ApicrnD ool lle seq slsPoc puep^olc pue arll$tro^ LluoN oql uo urnp lo uoll -onpod aql ol 6u[eFr acuapr^a leclooioaeqcre 'sossacod pDlsnpur reuJlol qM^ sV ^ueuldvcsoltYt dol rJtlc v 51{tAais]|oc generator and large dc overhead cfane slil instaled as it last steamed n 1956 The COURSE FISHING Company a ready preserves two beam engrnes The lronbridge Inst[ute s courses in industrial at fs Blagdon Pumping Station and intends to archaeology and hentage management have renovate a Hathorn Davey triple expansron now been established for several years. These elgrlF ar V/rofia oumor'rg Slalron I'le orese - are taken by students full-time over one year, vation of the Lilleshall engrne is lherelore not pan.lime over two. or on a modular basis over considered by the Company to be lus' I lour years. However, tor the tirst time this year, Rernoval and rebuilding elsewhere woL lhe Institute is making it possible lor people to viable and the company would give the engrne just particularly angle lor the elements they are away if a satisfactory proposal was made. By Inleresled in, and throw the rest back For lees the time this notrce is read, a home may have ol around 1700 to e1000, depending on the been found for the engine lf not, help is module. sludents can join in with olher needed urgently, and serioLrs candidales lo panrcapants In the Inslitute's main poslgraduale remove the engine should make contact programmes. The couFes run for about three immedlately by telephoning Mr R.J Horn, weeks each. They are on the evolution of Bristol WateMorks Company, PO Box 218, modern Induslrial society and its archaeology Bridgwater Road Bristol, BS99 7AU \0272 (which slaned on 15 January), analysing his- 665881) loric buildings and landscapes (staning 1 Octobe0, the rnanagement of heritage Hydraufic railway carriago lilt, \ /atoioo A J M Can FIELDWORK AWABOS FOR 1989 resources (siarting 8 Octobe4, the archaeology low loaders. The lift, which ncorporales a large The presentation of last years man tieldwork ot the indlstrial revolution and marketing the hydrauiic jgger is due to be removed by early award ol e100 was made by the Assocalrcns heritage (both starting 12 Novembe0. 1990. lt dates from about 1989 when the ret ring Presidenl, Dr Mar lyn Pamer to Gary IA MEETS IFA Waterloo and City line was opened Marshall and James Walker at the Associa- Ths years conlerence ol the Institute ol Field Second thoughts about the Kngs Cross lions annuai dinner in Huddersfeld on 16 Archaeolog sts in Bfmingham, on 235 Apri redeveopment could mean railway ands at Septernber 1989. The award was gven tor therr 1990 will include a substantial sesson on Stratlord in East London being used nstead tor survey of over seventy industrial arohaeologica Industria Archaeology for the first time A wtrole a Channel Tunnel terminal the No.th London stes located in the grounds of the National day sessron rs berng given over to Induskral line would likely be used Jor access. The great Trust property at Calke Abbey in Derbyshrre archaeology on 24 Apnl, in parallel with other expense ol the proposed 15 kilometfe long N4uch has been wrtten in the national press sessions. The main themes will be the dit tunnel lrom King s Cross through drtficult aboLrt this magpie s nest ol aflstocratrc trea ferences between industrial archaeology and ground beneath South Easl London to t\y'ott ng- sures but such were merely the clng on the lraditiona archaeological disciplines new fields ham SEg is enough to produce cold leet cake ol the wealth'generatrng complex ol ol enqurry in the subject, and the natlre ot However, lor the original construclion ot the bricrdields. brchworhs. li'neslone qudrries. induslrial archaeology as a period study Greal Nonhern Railway northwards lrom King s lrmekilns, and eariy horse drawn railways lhat Separate groups ol papers during the day will Cross, some ol the land required was owned intersected the polite parklands In this study be on industrial archaeological sites and their by St Barlholomew s Hospital. The hospital documentary and archaeological work were relalion to surounding landscapes, the scope gave up what was needed lor railway building combined to produce worlhwhile interpretive ot induslfial archaeology, and industrial on condilon lhal when no longer requrred lor results. archaeology as a resource. Speakers will railway use il would reverl back. This s an The laboLr of love undertaken by [rrchael include [.larilyn Palmer, Kate Clarke, Stephen additional difliculty lor the Krng s Cross redeve Taylor in his outslanding drawings of Newmills Hughes. Adam Sharp, Jonathan Drake, Mark lopmenl scheme lt rs underslood the hospilal Watermill on Black lsle, Ross-shire, was also Watson and David Higgins. The keynote io the wll require a large sum of money to allow recognised by the presentaiion ol a new pnze session wll be given by Neil Cossons, who is non-rallway use. for initiative ol f25 and a cert/lcate. also gving a keynote address to the IFA ll the long tunnel lor Channel Tunnel lrains ftom Please send entries of work inciuding any conlerence as a \4hole Other sessions during Kings Cross lo Moltingham s aclualy buill element of Jieldwork for thrs yeais awards to the conference will incude the subjects ot Banksrde Power Stalion would make a good Stephen Hughes, RCAHI/ Waes Edleston record n9 standing build ngs, site evaluation. ste lor a working shail or drift Some oi the House Queen's Road, Aberystwylh, Dyled presenling the past, datlng rnethods and walls could be rela ned to hide the unsghti SY23 2HP (0970 624381) by 16 March 1990. scentific archaeology Details are available ness of lhe proceed ngs and spoi could be lrom the Assistant Secretary, InstitLrte ol Field sent away by barge Banksde only generated DOROTHEA AWARDS Archaeologrsls l\,4inera s Eng neering Building, electncty lrom 1963 to 1981 However the The AlAs annual conservation awards funded Unrversily of B rmingham PO Box 363 power station like Baltersea was designed by by Dorothea Restorations has been given lor Blrm ngham 815 21I (021 471 2788) no less lhan S[ Gies Gilbert Scott Olr4, and in 1989 to the Stailordshire Narrow Gauge Railway LONDON'S CHUNNEL MANIA the words ol Gavrn Stamp is the Ult male Society ior restoration work on the locomotive Whrlsl the construction and iinance ol the Temple of Power Tfe Tl Ires Socre/ ae 'lsabel Built in 1897 'lsabel is the oldest Channel Tunnel itself s currently running Into dismayed that I has not been possible to ist example of the T class of locornotives ditlicullies probems of uncertanty are also Banksde The former F nancral Tmes bu lding constructed In Staflord by WG. Bagnall Ltd. apparenl In redeveopment proposals to meel Bracl.e'] House rs cled a5 a^ e^omple o' d After a tifty year working lile at C itle Hill lhe new needs of the tunne in London. Moves recent burdrng ol comparable merit which does Ouarries in Lercestershrre, she returned to and countermoves over the ocalion of tea have such proleclion (see The Independent 11 Stailord as a static memorial to the company mrnals and lhe choice of routes continue. and October 1989) RJMCarr first rn the works yard and then oulsrde many of lhese have implications lor the Staflord staton In 1987 ihe Statfordshre capilal s Industnal archaeology. ENGINE FOR ADOPTION Narrow Gauge Railway Soclely began lo The oldest part of Wate oo Station (plattorms Have you ever wanled your own slatronary restore the locomolive to the 1897 working 16-21. Windsor lrnes), daling irom a reburld in steam engrne? The Bnstol WaleMorks Corn- design. Hours ol research have established a 1885. is being lranslorrned into a mullr sto.ey pany rs drsposrng of one ol ils engrnes, and is delailed history ot the engine, and new work termrnal lor lhe Tunnel and will handle traffic as going lo some lrouble in order to lind rt a good has patiently been recorded usrng photo- soon as kains irom lhe Conlinenl starl lo run home. Llnlo unaley no-one has yel expressed graphs. drawings and video These will reach Walerloo over surface lines vra an Inlerest In tak ng the engine and it may have Chief Englneer ol the project Allen Civil and Bnxton. One consequence will be the removal lo go ror scrap Assistant Engineer Roger Grealrex, were pre- ol the interesting hydrauhc lilt whrch rarses The engne rs a 300 hp L lleshall Company senled with the award plaque and a cheque tor carriages lrom lhe Wateroo and City under- triple expansoo engne lt and the build ng !600 at the AlAs annua conJerence dinner n ground failway lne when they need to go a\ray which hoLrses it were constrLrcted in 1924 al lhe September Charrman ol the ludges John Ior repair A deep-level car park wrl be Bl|5lol Warprvvor'" Conpary, Cla Je! I eal- Crompton sard that the standard of al the 6 construcled beneath the new Channe Tunne _1^.1 Worl5 .ledr BdLl,,!ell Br5lol -'le prgrlp lq89 Fnl|Fs tsad beFn very hqh bLl ll^is was term nal and eventually it wil be possible to run s severely co(oded but intact with auxilary 'a lruly excelent project, carried oul with great carrages rnlo thrs to be taken away by road on plant such as barring engine feed pumps, dc care and dedrcation and wilh a strong sense pa le O p€nutu@ lqnop ur$l olll ryed tulunoC Aalpn ueel aql lo olec ur suon ol6uv palsrl lleql lo lno oul ur uaaq o^eq xalduJoc ornstal pue )ired aLllaql aqt ur r ou ropuu Lleals fuqlpC pootqae€ p| llojclrl ,alpM siarntceFueur fualtnC , e o) uorsro uoc rol sueld butpuPls s^ouurll.lc aql lo eseqcrnd aql 6ut|etlo6ou sr lsnll p^ha, prcraururoc s,Arc oql lo arnssord aql - eqt pue s er,r oerqt Atuo pue pe)]no uorle^rasord ourplng arrqsuteqoulIoN oql ,apun sacllo pue sdoqs ol poua uoc 6u€q alP outplrnq oql qIM paseac^tpluosso lnq lF seq uoM s|esodod grl erluac plauaqs ur sdorls)lro4\ alel Ja^lls ^lrc urr\B.lpql/v1 ourplrnqor uolals rar{od Besre[3g ]V !€6! u! uo rolq ourrtcleM e ourda€l sr fuolsrH pup fuollno ouru|eura.r lsel sql pue poqsrpLuap s,auueqtP) ls le sosnoqare A ,c. teotsnpul arlqsrats3cral q6rq siec^lercos a^rt polcels uoaq seq lesodord luaujdota^op aql palsrt-lods |o oql oO lou op {uratsel Por9 s,launrg lo lcols oulllor puP sa rloLllocol lol prc^a^el6 uooq seq sdoqstiroM oql lo ouo lnq plnq psodod paual alrs^e/,^ 6urqcunel oql) leqM s,loirn€ lp sourplnq furog cl^ eql qtuvl slsersnqlua Ier rol eccay{ 'olrs 6ql uo slell ol e & potsll leql samsuo slotueH la/ool p q6noloS e sl als eql 006! punore ^e.^nq esnoq reMod -eorql seM I araqt 6uqio/t' souref ,ellnc rropuol aql adoq sn lat lsPet lV lqotuaqlPaa\ pue sasnoqore/v\ 'lcolq acuo lo acuelPalc r.llr/'^'osn ur lsel oql oq o) pa^ar|6q^^l sl ougl sloor aleur pue u! dals ol s€Mod o^eq ouurnbgr posodord I eueqcs luaLldop^epol ouudsuporg ur sasnoq putqeq sdol]sllcvv\ saruoqlne pcol sourplrnq palsrl ,ol spel4aul € rsuoqarduJoc V puelsl apag uo prBI spoo6 aorql lo dnor6 V a^|^.lns sdoqstiioM cllsau.lop eq u uoortourop pue lno tdoi aq ol raultol €ql te ,e6uep ur erP Mol pue sasrurad lPulsnput ul olol,^ l3rlugC Fgrg ^Flnd sr role,r ralur/\^ ur paloorun sbupltnq^p)irtun qIM ralsac|o_l ur sarnlon./ls polsnun i6qlO tsou.r ',!rcllet sesnoq purq3q suepreb aql ul Ais or.ll ol pasooxa sessnll por qyv\ 6utsnoqeD/v\ rol padoto^apal^e/,ller pue paPatc sdoq$Uo/\ crlsaLuop ur po)i.torv\ fulsnpul peseoc tro/v\ pug sarlncllp plcugull olu! uel ueaq seq luacPlpe salqelulnl pue soulpls Poc fualtnc^lpnsn s.pFUaqS lo ,sFlset! alurt, oql lo otuos 'spueDiooo ur lueurdop^apar !8qt 8,le!ng lo eare o^rsuoys aql sasn alqrssod seq saJruo ol aq) .rol agrsuodsoj osp 'sauloH qslluo)l'siod rcqq alours luPoela eql pasolc^ueu acurs peua^uoc aq ol iFlrl sr ll Ine^ lereq ,elnoic -op^op eql ]a^o^\oH (z9t uoslnS) sasoorno 6uot ^orolsqjnqns auotsraquJnH ouldoF^op au -rulas e qlM uJooJ o ols .roou lsrll pnsnun rrlseLrlop rol pauaaJoc 6ureq seM laleno r oB aql ur guerl ueqinqns olerauao ol rno^eapua^f ue sopnlcui pue 'suolllppe lelel 6uou.Je sa |Nns qr/v\'6utplnq pauJeuer qcteur pue luefu8 ioLljrol ue ur 'uorlels uleur aql lo quou allur e leq 'opeoet paluaurpod oldurs e aq] uopuo-l^Jolcel lsef ur ',{o€^ef! 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soqcear luaurdop^op pue cop se )iceq aqf sreai oql .|a o pou|eluoc e^Pq Aoql :aDi9el ol suegod tueuodurl ureuJa,^Uglncrued lllls ar"ql lPql AooloaeqJie pulsnpul FoqP acuao|lpul !a a/!\oq 'uoluoc lecrolsrq pue pqoopaeqcle p qlea/ oq] uo dn qclec ol ro uorlcelloc (!000.aoz tso) N38 0'l loodlo^|l laerts ue ur aq ol sau.leqcs osor]l roj r|oql u sde6 ol orll l.lllM srapEal u ujelltll Llnosnn loodla !-l suod lnlssaccns l ^lnrl iaql ro eceld osuas ephord plnoc srql ^Iunuoddo lsru otll lol aps 'slNef^or8 ueupv uro4 pauElqo aq uec^e^lns sllelap llnl Au6elu! lecloopoeqg]e lo irs^o-ouJl /{Uedsord oulutnlat rol pa.qlo 6ureq ore ullgllng aql sanssl -dop^ap uec lrunuruoc raqt 6ur^o4sap FoqI/'1 lo VV Jo seuJujerbord o^tlsuos )peq p srequnu peu!!!l lollo e sV pue ocrourLuoc 'fulsnpu! alaq^\ acJnosal e on€dec lualudolo^opal lplcads oulpeiue ur (ou|seorcur uaacl a^eq se spueHcop 6ursn-a.l p oql ssncslp lnlssogcns iog 00 v sNl.EnnS Aaql uopuo'l pue plsu€ uolsoS pue ocslcue]J 'ONo ol pue 'sluaurncop Pcllolslq^uqlseol se sgJnpnlls )icop 0t M 'uodu]eqra lol ues ur saruorlcs ouueauod 6ur,\ollol s0/6! pue uod s,uleug lo oguecuruols aql qsrqelsa 'ued soulPl peou uolllyl zll uoldurorS eql ocurs F^a/v\oH uorlcn4sap slearql lear6 ol sr ocuoraluoc sql Jo uJle aql spueDicop lo ur]of lceluoc suJrol tulua pue qrelap €qunl lol uo4 ra[ns 'elo pulsnpur oql ol sluaLunuouJ lo alnlnl aql qM^ paurocuoc slsloopoEqcE Aerl 18 sr spre 066! or.ll a^suauo puE tuecuruoeL! ell slod rot soupa lol e|ep bu|solc aql uolle^9 Jssuoc pue srdolo^op 'sueuolsrq 'stauueld 'spslqcre ^ueu lo laqlaool 6uuq !, lt (t 9t ulettng aas) |/luols v Nr sj-uod spEpuEls q6rq rcJ slpnpr^rpur rc sdnof ptedun oururur snoiollllelsLu lo lcalqns oql uo real lsel 'MOl are $pols ouruEureH eurll uoqs e rol ol pauosord s! pPMV eaqlotoo aql pue 'uoFur^og )iuel sdroC pa.nouliv vv oql iq pasrueoro acu€loluoc Inlssaccns ponurtuoc aq llr/l^ lallo slql ouqced ^pnuue le urnasnf'l itrtolq aql uo pqppoui €q lll/'^ ocua.laiuoc oql ao€lsod dgz snd^luo qcea dog rct (sadocolor.ld eql lol IUet llq9inqc uof^poJ e palols e pgncsei '066! ounf z pue ! uo aceld aw] lll^\ sltll apls se popr^ord aq /v\ou uPc aal I qonoqlP) seq arqsecu€l pFuj€len-uru ,v -Iosroy'l uo sarlolpe pue sLlnosnn leuorleN parddns eq osle^luo uec aulnp^ tuoll sonssl JO dnor9 rnoLurv poicerl aql ,lo!slacr3, aql qlr,r uorlcunluoc ur leuluas e 6ulslue6lo el6us 9! pue el 'll-t ale onel|e^e^uE saLlnlo^ psse^ ourup4 IPs oql preoq uo asn ul /'^ou sl VV oql '3sljE ol punoq sualqod eq p eql MV/ 8lI 'arqsdorqs proltel 'o6puquo4 sr r.lcrqi qcur/v\ ueols eler e porolsor seq lsnll auros ol sraasue oPlnLu.lol ol dlaq ol lepro ul 'a6epeql gql 'I6opaeq3rv pulsnpul lol uotl /orslacxl p€seq-uolso,r\ol oq1 qc?e 0913 lol luoruoolo apor lo -Prcossv 'tuelarcas luelsFsv aql ulo4 alqelE^e senbaqc pue sglesrruac iq potJeuJ 'saopnl aql urrols ourLuocuo aql edEcse ol 4etjll sr tulunoc ale puB ouDped pue aoelsod d09 snd d66 uJo4 suorPpuourLloc pe^ra9ar slcalo.ld laqlo proJlels aql ut Uod uorqsel lo )iead e ,ol sauJnp^ alelduroc ul pps 6uroq orP senssl o^f , p u,\ol oql ol alllqlsuodsel Jo ^ue ^lalEg industrial archaeologry. See News in this issue Junal3l9go tor further inlormalion. MANAGING TOURISTS AND VISITORS Fobru.iy l9 l99O X.y t l99O MORE EFFICIENTLY DISTURBING EOOIES PORT BOOKS a seminar at the University ol Birmingham. The konbridge Lecture, by Prolessor Brian a seminar on the value ol Pon Books as an Details obtainable as for 19 Februarv. June 14 l\,lo(is on museums in the 1990s. lt will be at historical source, based at Wolverhampton 1990 Training Statf for Visitors at Heritage Birmingham early the University of in the Polytechnac and the lronbridge Inslitute. Details Attractions, a seminar at lronbridge. Details the evening. Details lrom lhe Administralor, obtainable as tor 19 February. obtainable as for 19 Februarv. lronbridge Insiitute, lronbridge Gorge Museum, 2.3 l99O konb(idge, Telford, Shropshire, TF8 7AW I.r Juno 14 l99O THE (095245 2751). MANAGING CHANGE IN TRAINING STAFF FOB VISITORS AT COUNTRYSIDE HERITAGE ATTRACTIONS tO lgeo Ilrch a course on rural resource management, a seminar at lronbridge. Details obtainable as SERIAC 1990 CONFERENCE including archaeology and tourism, at lron- lor 19 Februarv On military engineering in the nineteenth bridge. Details obtainable as for 19 February. century, at the Royal School of Military IrtlatgOO Juno 10.23 l99O Enqineering Study Cenke, Gillingham. Topics TOUR OF INDUSTBIAL AFCHAEOLOGY BUILDING INTERPRETATION FOR will include concrele, shilsheds and military IN BELGIUM railways. with site visits on the following day. MUSEUMS being organised lor members ol the Southar.p- Details from Medway lA Group, Old Brook a course on methods lor interpreling buildings ton University lA Group. An invitation to join nis public, lronbtidge. Details Pumprng Slation, Solomons Road, Chatham, to the based at visit is extended to all members of AIA Detatls obtainable as lor 19 February. Kent, ME4 4tu. were enclosed with the November 1989 majlinq. fl.t| l99O l9OO l7 Soptsmbor ?€ l99O I..ch la LEGISLATION FORCONSERVATION AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE CULTURE. HERITAGE, THE ARTS ANO a course on topical issues atlecting buildang Guildlord in Surrey. The additional pro- TOURISM consetuation in urban and industrial areas, al at gramme conlinues until 13 September. Delails A semanar on the growth ot cullural tourism n lronbridge. Details obtainable as lor 19 Febru- are enclosed with lhis mailing. Britain, at the Universily of Birminqham. Details 4ry. oblainable as lor 19 February above. I., 26.29 I 99O Octob.r t9 l99O Xrrch 16 lgeo EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE LAW ANO ITS AIA FIELOWORK AWABDS HERITAGE TOURISM LIMITATIONS Closing date lor entries lor 1990. See AIA News In Canterbory, organised by ICOMOS on the a seminar al lronbridge. Details obtarnable as rn lhis assue lor delails. subject ol damage to the heriiage by tourasm for 19 February. Ir.ch 3o.lptll I tgOO and methods of conlrol. Details kom Jane IoYsnb.r 13 l99O AIA WORKING WEEKEND Fawcett, ICOMOS tJK, 10 Ba ey Mow Passage, ULTIMATE MUSEUM EXPERIENCE al lronbridge, on lhe subiecls of recording Chiswck, London W4 4PH. a seminar on lhe problems ot operating methodology, the use ol computers by local Iry 3l lgeo comolex and dramalic Induslf|al orocesses in societies, and public enquiries on industrial Closing date lof AIA Dorothea ConseNation museums, based at lronbridge and Blists Hall srles. Details lrom Pamela Moore, 20 Stourvale Awards. see AIA News in lhis issue lor deiails. wrought iron works Details obtainable as lor 19 Gardens, Chandlers Ford. Hampshire, SO5 Irt 3l - Junc 3199O February 3NE. SOCIETY FOR INOUSTRIAL S.ptcnrbct 13-15 l99l lprll 6€ l9OO ARCHAEOLOGY AIA ANNUAL CONFERENCE COMPUTING FOR LOCAI- AND 19th Annual Conlerence, Philadelphia, USA. wilh a pre-conJerence paogramme from 10 REGIONAL HISTORY Details irom Sally Elk or Carmen Weber, September, in the Black Country. organised by the Association lor Hislory and Philadelphia Historical Commission, l3l3 C y Editor as UK Eranch ai Wolverhampton Poly- Hall Annex, Philadelphia, PA 19197, USA (215 lnformation should b9 sont to the Computang soon as it rs available. Oatos ol mailing and Details lrom Angela Brown, School of 686 4543). technic. last dates for r€ceipt crf copy arg given on th€ Humanities and Cultural Studies, WolverhamF Jun. 1.2 | 99O back pag€. ltems will normally appsar in lon Polytechnic. Caslle View, Dudley DY1 3HR THE PORTS CONFERENCE su@essiv€ tssuos betwgen notmcation and (0902 313001 extension 2333) organised by AIA and the Nalaonal Museums th6 date ol the gvent. ltrll 23-25 l9eo and Galleries on Llerseyside, details lrom Museum, INSTITUTE OF FIELD Adrian Jarvis, Ports Survey, Liverpool William Brown Street, Liverpool, L3 8EN (051 AFCHAEOLOGISTS 207 m01). See AIA News in this issue lor Including full day session on AIABulletin al Brrmrngham. a lurlher inJormation. tssN 03(x)-0051 Editor: Pete. wakelin page Hawkshaw. greater was the continued from 7 An even task O€sign€r: John St€ng€lhofen From 1837 lo 1844 London snd Elrmlnghsm conslruction of the line nonhwards through Editod lrom the Schoo/ ot Hunanities and Rallway lrains lrom Euston were drawn up similar slrala beneath lhe Eastern Basin ol the Cultunl gudies, Wolvethdmpton Polytechnic, Dudley, west Midhnds, Oyl 3HB, Camden Bank by cable Two 60 hp stationary London Docks lo connect with the Great Casde View, and published by the Assocrato'' fot ldustrial steam engines by Maudsley Son and Field Eastern Railway at Shorodltch. This was done, Archaeology. Conti nions shou/d be sent lo were inslalled undernealh the railway iust to the with minimum inconvenience to lhe dock the Editor. Local /Er,i/s ard press r€reases North ol lhe Begent s Canal. One lilhograph by above, by the same engrneer, and lhe through should be ssnt to l/re AIA Regional Cores- pondents lis|€d in altemate issues. Final copy J.C. Bourne dated April 1837 shows the roule was compleled in 1876. dates lolla s: planned curenw arc as building ol the engine accommodation, and ll is to construcl a new linking lrne 15 March for June mailing another deoicls lhe completed lrne wilh the norlhwards lrom Shoredilch to connect with the 15 June tor Augusl mailing chrmneys on each side. When cable haulage soulhern end ol the lormer Norih London l5 September for November mailing mailing was dispensed with the winding engines went Railway viaduct which ran lrom Broad Street lo 15 Dec€mb€r lor February The AIA was eslab/ished in 1973 to prcmote to a Russian llar mill but the chamber they Oalslon Junclion There would be a new tB study ol lndustial Archaeology and occupied is still lhere Being a shorl walk along interchange slalion with London Underground encounge imprcved standdtds ol recording, the canal towoalh from lrendv Camden Lock, Ltd s Central Line at Bishopsgate. The con- rcsearch. conse.ation and gublication. lt rcgiondl and this cavern has recently been consdered lor struction ol Broadgate (Bullelin 16 2) has meant aims to assist and suppott spgciali't suNey anc! .esearch qoups dN conversion lo a wine barl the abandonmenl ol a considerable length ol tudies involved in the prcseNation ot indus- The Brunels'Thamsa tunngl from Rotherhrlhe railway viaducl wth small businesses still being tial monuments. to rcDrcsgnt the interesb ot lo Wapping is likely lo come into increased carried on in lhe railway arches benealh. The lndustial Archaeology at nalonal level, to pub- railwav use. Comoleled in 1842 after consider' intention is also 1o extend lhe present train hold conlerences and semina's and to /rsh results rcsearch. Fwther details pedeslrians, New lhe of able difliculties as a lunnel lor lhe service, lhrough lhe Brunel lunnel lo may be obtained frcm the Memberchip Secrc- money lor lhe planned access fof wheeled Cross, lurlher inlo soulh easl London ustng bry, Association lor lndustial Archaeolow, road vehicles nol being forthcoming, it was exislrng lines The Whadage, honbddge, Te otd, Shropshlte converled lor rail. Trains fan Jrom the south lo RJ M Car TFA 7AW, England. 095245 3522. The views €xp.€sssd in this Bulletin are not Wapping lrom 1869, using a conneclrng lunnel necessarilv lhose ol the Associatron for driven lhrough the wet rver gravels by S[ John lndustrial

&chaeoogy feburary 1990 IWTLVIHEADS PUILISHING SERVICI, CORNWALI