Protecting the E Arth

Protecting the Earth’s First 01 | Responders from Covid-19 Protecting the Earth’s First Responders First the Earth’s Protecting

Courtesy Sebastião Salgado (c) Protecting the Earth’s First Responders from Covid-19: How to Prevent the Extinction of Indigenous Communities in the Amazon The photograph on the front page belongs to the Brazilian photojournalist Sebastião Salgado, who started a petition with his wife, the author, film producer and environmentalist Lélia Wanick Salgado, calling on the Brazilian government to protect indigenous communities: the petition can be found by clicking here. His campaign garnered international attention. See here the article from The Guardian: ‘We are on the eve of a genocide’: Brazil urged to save Amazon tribes from Covid-19. Consider the environment before printing this document printing before the environment Consider Protecting the Earth’s First 03 | Responders from Covid-19

An Urgent Dear friends of the Amazon, We address this to you not as potential donors, but as human beings who have dedicated much of your lives to pro- Appeal: Let’s tect the Amazon and its peoples. Thank you, sincerely, for all the work you have done so far amidst these enormous Work Together challenges.

After a two-month investigation, it has become clear to us To Protect that if we do not do more urgently to help indigenous groups in the Amazon we could see the extinction of some Earth’s First of these crucial peoples in our lifetime. Hidden from view, the Coronavirus is an incomprehensible nightmare unfold- ing in the Amazon. This is not just a moral tragedy, but a Responders mortal threat to our earth’s biodiversity given that indigenous peoples are the rainforests’ first responders. Without these nations, there is no Amazon.1

In responding to this crisis in the Amazon, Avaaz has already deployed more than 1 million dollars in the last four weeks to vulnerable groups across Bolivia, Brazil, Colom- bia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. These funds have all come from small donations from our members around the world, which is the only funding we accept. However, there are many organizations and communities in urgent need that we were not able to support, and that’s where we hope you will step in to join us.

This briefing aims to share with the Amazon donor community the internal investigation that Avaaz conducted to effectively determine where and how to deploy our resources, and to share details about the most impressive organizations and communities on the ground that we found who are still in urgent need of funds. Leveraging our extensive connections in grasstops and grassroots networks, we’ve built a holistic analysis of the current and future impacts of the Covid-19 crisis in the Amazon, especially its health, food, security, economic, and cultural implications, and as well the resulting threat to biodiversity. Protecting the Earth’s First 04 | Responders from Covid-19

An Urgent Appeal: Let’s This briefing contains an outline of our findings on the cur- spective and ground ourselves. In this process, we never Work Together To rent living conditions of the indigenous peoples in the Ama- closed our eyes or our hearts to the stories or the pain, but Protect Earth’s First zon during Covid-19, an update of the Avaaz response to this we also made sure not to let that blind us from our mission: crisis and the challenges we’re facing today and in the near to leverage the support of people around the world and Responders future. It also contains the perspectives of our partners on channel it directly to the places where we can help make the ground as well as those in government who spoke to us the most change in the most effective and transformative candidly and under the condition of anonymity. way possible.

Since May 2020, Avaaz has been actively scouting commu- The indigenous peoples in the Amazon are counting on all nities in the “blindspot” of conventional aid sources, paying of us, but we are not alone: more than 130,000 citizens particular attention to communities who have had no ac- around the world have already given what they can and cess to resources and limited support, as well as seeking to thousands of volunteers are on the ground. Looking after understand what these communities truly need, and how nature’s first responders in this moment of pandemic and our support can be most transformative right now. In the ecological crisis could be one of the most impactful and im- course of our assessment, we did interviews with more portant things we can do in our lifetimes to ensure a safe than 120 indigenous and local people on the ground in the and sustainable future for all. Amazon across multiple languages and dialects as well as interviews with local health experts and analysis of satellite With hope and determination, imagery and health maps. You can see more detail on our research methodology at the end of this document. Oscar Soria, on behalf of the Avaaz team Guided by our granting criteria and the initial findings of our research, we defined a list of the top 50 grantees that we see This is not just a as being most effective in addressing this crisis. Avaaz imme- moral tragedy, diately deployed our member funds to support 15 of these grantees. In addition, a high-net-worth individual (who pre- but a mortal fers to remain anonymous) donated 1.6 million Euros directly to 10 more grantees to help cover the gap. Currently, there threat to our are 25 more groups that still need urgent funding. At the end of this briefing, we have provided detailed descriptions of earth’s these communities and organizations, including scope of biodiversity needs, budgets, and contact details. given that We have to confess, at times we have struggled in writing this report. It’s been hard not to replay the stories we’ve indigenous heard on repeat: from the people sobbing because they ha- ven’t eaten for a few days or because they lost their loved peoples are the ones to Covid-19, to the people that are sick themselves and rainforests’ first are in anguish because they can’t help their own people. Our tears have been blurring our vision, both literally and responders. figuratively. We had to continually step back to gain per- Protecting Earth’s First Responders From Covid-19

JOÉDSON ALVES/EFE Protecting the Earth’s First 06 | Responders from Covid-19

Protecting Earth’s First According to the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organiza- Responders From tion (ACTO), 34 million inhabitants live in the Amazon, ac- Covid-19 counting for 11% of the population of the Amazon countries, with 420 different indigenous and tribal peoples speaking 86 languages and 650 dialects.2 Indigenous organizations estimate that more than 9% of the Amazon population (more than 3 million) is made up of indigenous peoples, and that at least 60% of such peoples live in total isolation.3 There are 2.467 indigenous territories and 826 aldea, based on data from the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC).

According to the lastest science, indigenous peoples have been the most effective actors in protecting our biodiversity and our climate4, and they serve as a buffer against the pandemic in numerous ways: preventing the spread of disease by enabling wildlife to remain in its habi- tat, safeguarding the diverse ecosystems that can serve as a source of medicine, and improving food security5.

Make no mistake here: losing the indigenous peoples, and in particular the elders, will have irreparable consequenc- Losing the es for our climate, our biodiversity, and all of our cultures. indigenous They are the only ones that understand the ecological dynamics, and so with them lies our hope for any restoration peoples, and in of the biome. Their languages and wisdom have the key to understanding ecological dynamics, according to the lat- particular the est reports of IPBES (Intergovernmental Science-Policy elders, will have Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services)6. irreparable In the Amazon, satellite data shows a steep increase in land clearing as Covid-19 precautions reduce the presence of consequences for forest protectors. For instance, deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon has increased to its fastest pace in years—and the our climate, our season when clearing typically accelerates hasn’t even be- gun yet. Satellite data collected by Brazil’s National Insti- biodiversity, and tute for Space Research from August 2019 through March all of our 2020 show 2,031 square miles of new clearings. The newly deforested area is 71% larger than the previous high for the cultures. equivalent period, which was recorded in 2016 and 20177. The Risk Assessment: The Reality On The Ground For Indigenous Communities In The Amazon

COURTESY EDS Protecting the Earth’s First 08 | Responders from Covid-19

The Risk Assessment: At the time of finishing this briefing (July 12, 2020), there A case of multiple threats The Reality On The are 13,848 registered cases of Covid-19 among 160 first Ground For Indigenous nations in the Amazon, and already 842 indigenous Indigenous peoples are some of the most vulnerable to the have died. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Coronavirus due to their isolated locations, limited access Communities In The estimates that this number could well exceed 20,0008. to healthcare (including prevalence of preexisting condi- Amazon tions), and other pressures on their land and livelihoods. It should be taken into account that determining cases within indigenous peoples is extremely complicated due Covid-19 reached indigenous territories in April: one of the to: (a) the lack of technological means to report and record first cases was a teenager of the Yanomami in Brazil, who information effectively (there are many remote areas); (b) had pre-existing health problems, including malnutrition, the Amazon territory, much less its indigenous communi- anemia, and repetitive malaria. He went into intensive care ties, does not have adequate health infrastructure to carry on April 3 and then sadly died on April 11.9 His death reflects out Covid-19 tests in a timely manner; and (c) indigenous a common reality in the Amazon: pre-existing threats prev- population in urban sectors are counted within the gener- alent within indigenous communities are inflaming and ex- al contagion registers, so there is no accounting based on acerbating the impact of Covid-19. Such pre-existing threats ethnicity. include limited access to public health and education services as well as violence, discrimination, and environmen- Currently, the lethality of the virus in the Amazon is very tal destruction heightened by climate change10. high (average 5%). This is due to very limited intensive care capacity, limited resources to respond to the virus, Indigenous peoples in the Amazon are facing multiple unsecured livelihoods, as well as the persistence of land threats in addition to Covid-19: clearing and continuation of extractive industry projects despite the outbreak. In isolated villages of indigenous • Government neglect and failure In isolated groups as well as indigenous communities living in Currently there is a demonstrated inability of the govern- villages of densely populated cities, the incidence of Covid-19 is ments in the region to control the spread of the virus11. The twice as high. communities do not have adequate health infrastructure12 indigenous in normal times, let alone being prepared to face the pan- Indigenous communities across the Amazon are staying in demic. They don’t have any concrete allocation of either groups as well as their territories and entering lockdown to avoid the spread biosafety supplies or the Covid-19 tests necessary to detect of the virus. Although in some cases isolation wasn’t cases in time and stop the spread. Furthermore, there is the indigenous enough, still it’s been one of the most effective ways to con- failure to adopt strategies to ensure the conditions of food communities tain or minimize the advancement of Covid-19. security, clean water and prevention while fully complying with the measures which were already taken by the indige- living in densely Most of the Covid-19 cases occur among the poorest of the nous authorities for the management of the pandemic in poor, in the peripheries. That’s why, in the absence of medi- their territories13. And prevention campaigns do not reach populated cities, cal supplies and adequate health care access, indigenous their communities, and if they are carried out they hold no peoples are turning to traditional medicine as a response cultural relevance14. the incidence of for their communities against the pandemic, and grassroots Covid-19 is twice organizations are spreading this information as a potential solution to the lack of medical supplies and medicine to as high. their constituencies. Protecting the Earth’s First 09 | Responders from Covid-19

The Risk Assessment: • The poor state of health care systems and pre- • Floods The Reality On The existing health challenges: Paradoxically the communities that protect nature often Ground For Indigenous Between 20% to 75% percent of indigenous in all the countries suffer the worst consequences of climate change — many of the basin suffer from malnutrition, unsatisfied basic needs, have experienced unprecedented flooding. Floods have Communities In The and pre-existing conditions15, such as type 2 diabetes, endemic been reported from Ecuador and French Guiana, help has Amazon diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria, measles and yellow fe- not yet arrived - and indigenous peoples20 are displaced. ver, making them more likely to suffer more extreme or fatal consequences of this pandemic16, according to several studies • Fires from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), the Coor- The fire seasons, which have already started,are surpassing dinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Ba- previous records. Fires are predicted to affect the majority sin (COICA), United Nations (UN), the Pan-Amazonian Ecclesi- of the area until October and will pose additional logistical al Network (Red Eclesial Panamazónica, REPAM)17 and other challenges to deliver the necessary elements to the most re- expert organizations. mote communities21.

• Economic implications A significant number of indigenous populations have little food security (food insecurity in the Amazon affects 85% of the indigenous population between the ages of 2 and 64) and are at risk of famine when their systems are shut down. They are also particularly vulnerable due to the persistence of conditions of inequality, exclusion and discrimination, as well as the conditions of relative geographic isolation of their territories. The entire production system and value chains have suffered, both in the formal and informal labor markets. In wage-based economies there is no teleworking. In short, their subsistence and small-scale economic activities have collapsed.

There is a • Violence The increase in violent events since Covid-19 are alarming demonstrated in almost all countries. Just as an example, an indigenous of inability of the the Uru-eu-wau-wau tribe in Brazil was killed last May (he was a “guardian of the forest”, helping to protect his com- governments in munity and other tribes in self-isolation in his region)18.

the region to • Oil spills and other direct environmental impacts Extractive activities are carried out without any restric- control the tions. Despite the decreed quarantine in most countries, spread of the oil, mining, and logging companies continue to enter their territories without any protocol of security19. Oil spills have virus. been reported in Ecuador and Peru. Protecting the Earth’s First 10 | Responders from Covid-19

VENEZUELA

GUIANA

The Risk Assessment: COLOMBIA FRENCH The Reality On The SURINAME GUIANA Ground For Indigenous Communities In The Amazon

THE SITUATION COUNTRY BY ECUADOR COUNTRY The cases outlined in this map are the ones corroborated by the national federations of indigenous organizations in the Amazon.

PERU BRAZIL

BOLIVIA Protecting the Earth’s First 11 | Responders from Covid-19

The Risk Assessment: Country Confirmed Confirmed Affected Indigenous Nationalities The Reality On The Cases Deaths Ground For Indigenous BRAZIL 6,482 337 Aparai, Apinajé, Apurinã, Arapiun, Arapaso, Arara, Assurini Do Trocará, Communities In The Awá Guajá, Baniwa, Banawa, Baré, Borari, Canela Apanyekrá, Cinta Lar- ga, Desana, Galiby Kalinã, Galiby Marworno, Gavião (Akrãtikatej, Kykate- Amazon jê, Parkatêjê), Gavião Pycobye, Guajajara, Hixkaryana, Huni Kuin, Hup- da, Jaminawa, Jaminawa Arara, Juruna, Javaé, Kahyana, Ka’apor, Kayapó, Kalapalo Pueblos Afectados, Kanamari/Tukuna, Kanoê, Karajá, Karaá Xambioá, Karapana, Karipuna, Karitiana, Kaxuyana, Kokama, Koripako, THE SITUATION COUNTRY BY Krikatí, Kubeo, Kumaruara, Kuruaya, Kurâ Bakairi, Macuxi, Madija, Man- COUNTRY chineri, Marubo, Matsés (Mayoruna), Memortumtumré, Mirititapuya, The cases outlined in this table are the Mura, Munduruku, Macuxi, Omagua-kambeba, Parakanã, Piratapuya, ones corroborated by the national fed- Puyanawa, Puruborá, Palikur, Sateré-mawé, Shanenawa, Shawãdawã erations of indigenous organizations in Arara, Suruí Do Sororó, Tariano, Taurepang, Tembé, Tikuna, Tiriyó, Tu- kano, Tupinambá, Tuyuca, Wai Wai, Wanano, Werekena, Warao, Wa- the Amazon. These may or may not co- pichana, Yanomami, Yawalapiti, Yawanawá, Wayana, Xavante, Xerente, incide with official statistics, which Xikrin Do Bacajá, Xikrin Do Cateté, Xipaya, Zoro. have been unreliable and inaccurate since the beginning of the crisis. PERU 3,639 379 Matsés, Kichwas, Omagua, Achuar, Cocama, Awajún, Wampis, Urarina, Capanahua, Ocaina, Huitoto, Tikuna, Amahuaca, Yora, Kandoz., Shipibo, Shawi, Shiwilos, Quechua, Kandozi, Chapra, Yine, Shipibo Conibo, Ashaninka, Cacataibo, Yanesha, Asheninka, Isconahua, Chapra.

COLOMBIA 2,208 25 Andoque, Bora, Cocamas, Cubeo, Matapi, Miraña, Tanimuca, Uitoto, Ti- kuna, Yacuna.

ECUADOR 1,121 35 Kichwa, Achuar, Secoya, Shiwiar, Shuar, Waorani, Kofan Andwa.

BOLIVIA 269 62 Moxeño Trinitario, Movima, Mojeño Ignaciano, Cabineño, Trinitario Río Mamoré, Guarayos, Chiquitano, Cuyubaba, Esse Ejja , Yucaré, Baure, Itonama, Sirionó, Ayoreo, Mosetén, Yuqui, Canichana, Leco de Apolo.

GUIANA 63 1 Arawak

VENEZUELA 47 1 Yeral, Kurripaco, Pemón, Warao.

SURINAME 19 1 Tirijo, Lokono/Kaliña.

FRENCH GUIANA 19 1 Arawak.

SOURCES Brazil: COIAB (Coordination of Indigenous Organizations in the Brazilian Amazon); Peru: AIDESEP (Interethnic Association for the Development of the Peruvian Rainforest); Colombia: OPIAC (Organization of In- digenous Peoples of the Colombian Amazon); Ecuador: CONFENIAE (Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the Ecuadorian Amazon); Bolivia: CIDOB Organica (Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of the East, Chaco and Amazon of Bolivia); Guyana: APA (Amerindian Peoples Association); Venezuela: ORPIA (Regional Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon); Surinam: OIS (Organization of Indigenous People in Suriname); French Guiana: FOAG (Federation of Indigenous Organizations in Guyana), COICA and PAHO Protecting the Earth’s First 12 | Responders from Covid-19

The Risk Assessment: CHALLENGES TO EFFECTIVE GRANT-MAKING Covid-19 is increasing at an alarming rate and migrating from The Reality On The large city centers to the deepest regions of the Amazon for- Ground For Indigenous The first grants and our conversations with local indigenous est. The further the disease travels, the higher the costs of de- leaders on the ground showed us how challenging it would livering these units to the remote communities who need Communities In The be to bring effective support to the region. Some of these them the most. The cost of a basic UAPI capable of assisting Amazon challenges preceded Covid-19, and others were brought up to 10 coronavirus patients is around USD 15,000; howev- about by the virus spreading in the region, impacting its in- er, this figure may easily double in even more remote areas. stitutions, social fabric, and economies. The remote location of Aldeia 31 (-5.66087 S, -72.96164 W), • Logistical challenges: for example, is home to some 340 individuals and the only Transportation costs have always been high in the Amazon, way to quickly reach the location is by helicopter from the and with the increase in demand, prices have risen exponen- nearest airport of Tabatinga, approximately 370 kilometers tially, making it more difficult for civil society organizations away. The trip takes around two hours each way and costs to afford large scale operations to protect vulnerable groups. around USD 16,000. Unfortunately, it is only a matter of time until Covid-19 reaches this community, situated along the Ja- For example, in the Brazilian Amazon, a territory ten times vari River. Most likely, the virus will be unintentionally larger than France, there are only three oxygen factories locat- brought in by illegal miners or even by community relatives, ed in three of the largest cities (Manaus, Santarém, and who travel and trade along the river as a means of survival. Belém). However, due to the great distance between these ur- When this happens, there will be devastating effects upon a ban centers and the indigenous communities, oxygen cylin- vulnerable population unprepared for such adversities. ders weighing 85 kilograms each, often have to travel over a thousand kilometers to be refilled. Poor infrastructure is yet In this case, the greatest short term adversity EDS faces is another aggravating factor in this process. With the limited the increased cost of transportation as they begin to travel amount of roads in the Amazon, oxygen cylinders are most deeper and deeper into the forest in order to reach geo- The spread of commonly transported on boats via rivers – a journey that may graphically isolated areas. This is why more financial sup- take up to two weeks each way, depending on the destination. port is crucial in order to continue their work of implement- Covid-19 is Unsurprisingly, the financial burden of this operation is ex- ing UAPIs and preparing the indigenous communities of the tremely high. Each cylinder provides on average only 30 hours Amazon region with the necessary equipment and medical increasing at an worth of oxygen but costs up to USD 600 to refill. treatments to face this pandemic.

alarming rate In order to decrease the costs of the traditional oxygen cylin- • Transnational border challenges and migrating der logistics, the Brazilian health NGO Expedicionarios da The closures of borders across national states are posing an Saude (EDS) has created a mobile oxygen therapy unit (UAPI), additional challenge to indigenous peoples whose territo- from large city which relies on the use of portable oxygen concentrators. ries precede countries’ geographical political divisions. These devices are able produce the same amount of oxygen centers to the contained in a large cylinder for a fraction of the cost: USD For example, the Secoya Nation in Ecuador has a popula- 10.00. So far, EDS has successfully distributed 451 oxygen con- tion of approximately 700 people, and to date three people deepest centrators to 119 remote locations spread across the Amazon. have died due to the virus (one was confirmed via PCR, and regions of the the other two were symptomatic without testing, but pre- EDS’s prioritization for delivering UAPIs is based on the prev- sumed due to positive confirmations of family members liv- Amazon forest. alence of Covid-19 cases in each locality. The spread of ing in the same house). In Ecuador there are only 27 elders Protecting the Earth’s First 13 | Responders from Covid-19

The Risk Assessment: over the age of 65 (4%), and each loss has taken with it irre- toms hinder the adoption of preventative practices recom- The Reality On The coverable knowledge, history, and spiritual guidance. The mended by virologists and facilitate the spread of the virus to Ground For Indigenous application of rapid tests indicates that approximately 40% the community. There is also the added difficulty of remov- of the population has been exposed to Covid-19, and 26 in- ing patients from remote villages, as well as the lack of hospi- Communities In The dividuals have been confirmed via PCR tests. The popula- tal beds, ICUs, and respirators in hospitals, all of which place Amazon tion is confronting the virus with the use of medicinal plants indigenous people in a situation of heightened vulnerability. and strategic isolation and refuge of the last of the elders. For instance, because the lungs are ground zero for the virus, In Peru, there is a population of about 2,000 Secoya along the frequent practice of smoking among the Kayapó, may the upper Putumayo and Napo rivers. They had avoided the represent another complicating factor. In view of the difficul- Covid-19 virus until just recently, with two confirmed ty in implementing effective isolation of their villages, both in Covid-19-related deaths in the first week of July. Notably, the surrounding cities and in other villages, it is reasonable to these communities are in one of the most remote and his- assume that Covid-19 cases may grow exponentially in the torically neglected regions of Peru, and have to date re- coming months, creating a situation that will require all ac- ceived almost no humanitarian relief or medical attention. tors on the ground to take strategic action to reduce the pre- The demographics in Peru are similar to those of Ecuador, dictable irreversible impacts of this disease. Faced with rapid with only a handful of elders in each community. spread of the Covid-19 virus among the villages, it is expected that a significant number of Kayapó patients will need oxy- The communities of Ecuador are attempting to support gen therapy, this treatment could prevent many cases from their Peruvian relatives with their Covid-19 experiences of evolving from intermediate to severe, and could contribute effective medicinal plants and advice of how to avoid mass to saving Kayapó lives, as well as alleviating the pressure on contagion via HF radio and internet calls -- due to border the public health system in Pará, which is already collapsing. closings there is no other means of reaching them. Grant-making in • Other challenges a rapidly • Timing challenges The quarantine system works for people who have secure ac- Grant-making in a rapidly changing situation requires swift cess to a variety of support systems but not for those whose changing decisions, with a true spirit of sensitivity of the urgency on daily livelihood is based on the informal economy. Many of the the ground and sincerely trusting in our partners that the social support mechanisms like cash transfers require bank ac- situation requires funds will be used properly. Avaaz’s approach was to provide counts or online registration which is not possible during lock- enough flexibility to local organizations to manage the re- down, or communities may never have had access to these. swift decisions, sources within a broad range of activities, enabling indige- with a true spirit nous leaders to use their wisdom to decide the best use of the Furthermore, the criminalization of indigenous organiza- funds, and to decide freely and quickly based on their partic- tions from some state actors, and the constant legal harass- of sensitivity of ular situations. Whether to activate evacuations by plane or ment of some of their leaders has had an impact on their abil- helicopter, or to shift the use of funds from buying test kits to ity to receive funds: that has been the case with organizations the urgency on health materials is something that is not up to us to decide, operating in Bolivia and Venezuela. Avaaz has been working but to fully trust to the organizations on the ground. with partners in the region, such as the Coordinating Body of the ground and Indigenous Peoples of the Amazon Basin (COICA) to ensure sincerely trusting • Cultural challenges funds can be deployed in a way that meets legal obligations Cultural characteristics of some indigenous people, includ- while also helping groups that are constantly targeted with in our partners. ing aspects of their social organization and traditional cus- legal warfare tactics and financial asphyxiation. Avaaz’s Granting And Key Gaps Left To Fill

COURTESY EDS Protecting the Earth’s First 15 | Responders from Covid-19

Avaaz’s Granting And Working in a vast territory that’s almost the size of the Unit- Avaaz’s response: resilience, resistance, and Key Gaps Left To Fill ed States, with more than 400 first nations in 9 countries recovery with 57 subnational governments (departments, provinces or districts) altogether, aid needs to be very targeted if we Avaaz has deployed more than one million US dollars to sev- want to bring support when and where it is most needed. eral organizations across the Amazon and we’re committing to spend an additional USD 500,000 focused on trans- Although each area is unique, Avaaz used the formational and systemic change. We’re monitoring the sit- following criteria to focus our granting: uation closely to look for ways to support the wider response to this crisis with our partners in the indigenous and environmental movements, both short and long term. • Communities that have greater risk of exposure to infections because of their proximity to towns, rivers and This map (page 16) contrasts the geographical areas of influ- cities (communities mostly with access to roads). ence in which we’re supporting communities and organiza- • Vulnerable groups of those communities (elders and their tions with Avaaz grants with the hotspots of Covid-19 cases immediate family nearby, people with pre-existing diseases (red points)22. and single mothers with several children) should be the first to receive aid. Avaaz has • Assistance to groups who are stranded in towns without resources, and unable to travel to their home communities deployed more (also indigenous on the move, such as the ones migrating from Venezuela). than one million • Communities suffering environmental impacts, both directly induced by human activities (extractive industries) US dollars as well as climate change. to organizations • We must also consider situations related to violence (land grabs, invasions) due to lack of control from states as a across the Amazon consequence of the Covid-19 crisis. and we’re committing to spend an additional USD 500,000 focused on transformational and systemic change. Protecting the Earth’s First 16 | Responders from Covid-19

VENEZUELA

GUIANA

Avaaz’s Granting And COLOMBIA FRENCH Key Gaps Left To Fill SURINAME GUIANA

COVERAGE OF THE GRANTS

This is a general outline of the grants that Avaaz already provided to several indigenous organizations in the Ama- ECUADOR zon basin, mostly focused on the provision of food and vital materials for healthcare (light blue). Red dots represent Covid-19 confirmed cases.

PERU BRAZIL

BOLIVIA Protecting the Earth’s First 17 | Responders from Covid-19

Avaaz’s Granting And Country Total Coverage of the grants Key Gaps Left To Fill BRAZIL * $664,444 Kanamari, Araweté, Parakana, Xavantes, Yanomami, Macuxi , Arubo, Kurubo, Zuruha, Zoés, Ar- aras, Kampa, Guajará, Kayapó, Xingu, Satere-Mawe and other indigenous peoples **. COVERAGE OF THE GRANTS PERU $95,000 Kichwa, Awajun, Shawi, Shipibo–Konibo, Cacataibo, Ashaninka, Asheninka, Junicui, Sharana- hua, Culinas, Mastanahua, Yaminahua, Yines, Amahuacas peoples. This is a general outline of the grants that Avaaz already provided to several COLOMBIA $95,000 Tikuna, Yagua, Cocama, Huitoto, Piaroa, Tanimuca, Bora and Yukuna peoples. indigenous organizations in the Ama- zon basin, mostly focused on the pro- ECUADOR $55,050 Secoya, Siona, Ai’kofan, Sapara, Andwa, Achua, Shiwiar, Arajuno, Kichwa, Shuar, Taisha, Tuu- vision of food and vital materials for tin-Entsa and Waorani. healthcare (light blue). Red dots represent Covid-19 confirmed cases. BOLIVIA $79,710 Siriono and Yuqui peoples, and other indigenous peoples **.

VENEZUELA $17,000 Arawako, Uwottuja and other indigenous peoples **.

TOTAL $1,016,904 Details of grantee organizations available upon request

* A total amount of 641,444 USD were given to several organizations to buy health materials, food and other survival materials, and as well for associated costs (transportation, logistics, etc); and 23,000 USD were given to advocacy efforts to advance indigenous rights in the context of the pandemic.

** Out of security, legal and other concerns, certain denominations of indigenous peoples were not included in the listing, hence the term “other indigenous peoples”. Protecting the Earth’s First 18 | Responders from Covid-19

VENEZUELA

GUIANA

Avaaz’s Granting And COLOMBIA FRENCH Key Gaps Left To Fill SURINAME GUIANA

WHAT GAPS REMAIN, COUNTRY BY COUNTRY

This is a general outline of the funding ECUADOR gaps we’re aware of (in light orange). Red dots represent confirmed cases of Covid-19.

PERU BRAZIL

BOLIVIA Protecting the Earth’s First 19 | Responders from Covid-19

Avaaz’s Granting And Country Uncovered Areas Affected Indigenous Peoples Key Gaps Left To Fill BRAZIL There are 120,000 indigenous people that are still with- Aparai, Apinajé, Apurinã, Arapiun, Arapaso, Assurini Do out support along the Solimões (High and Medium) riv- Trocará, Awá Guajá, Baniwa, Banawa, Baré, Borari, er and the Jurua rivers, from the Peruvian border all the Canela Apanyekrá, Cinta Larga, Desana, Galiby Kalinã, WHAT GAPS REMAIN, way to Tefé (including the Ticunas, Kocamas, Kulinas, Galiby Marworno, Gavião (Akrãtikatej, Kykatejê, Par- COUNTRY BY COUNTRY Kaixana and Krikatís. As we finish this report, only 25% katêjê), Gavião Pycobye, Hixkaryana, Huni Kuin, Hupda, of the total 46,000 Macuxi people are covered within the Jaminawa, Jaminawa Arara, Juruna, Javaé, Kahyana, This is a general outline of the funding Brazilian jurisdiction from their area of influence. Fur- Ka’apor, Kalapalo Pueblos Afectados, Tukuna, Kanoê, gaps we’re aware of. thermore, dozens of small indigenous nations that live Karajá, Karaá Xambioá, Karapana, Karipuna, Karitiana, in very remote areas are also underfunded or without Kaxuyana, Kokama, Koripako, Krikatí, Kubeo, Kumaru- any assistance at all. Currently, Indigenous Peoples’ ara, Kuruaya, Kurâ Bakairi, Madija, Macuxi (25%), Man- mortality rate from Covid-19 is 150% higher than the Bra- chineri, Marubo, Matsés (Mayoruna), Memortumtumré, zilian average, according to a study from COIAB. Mirititapuya, Mura, Munduruku, Omagua-kambeba, Pi- Indigenous health centres located in the areas of Alto ratapuya, Puyanawa, Puruborá, Palikur, Shanenawa, Rio Juruá, Alto Rio Solimões, Araguaia, Manaus, Maran- Shawãdawã Arara, Suruí Do Sororó, Tariano, Taurepang, hão, Mato Grosso do Sul, Médio Rio Solimões and trib- Tembé, Ticuna, Tiriyó, Tukano, Tupinambá, Tuyuca, Wai utaries,Tocantins, Porto Velho, Potiguara and Vilhena Wai, Wanano, Werekena, Warao, Wapichana, Yanoma- are seriously underfunded and without much capacity. mi, Yawalapiti, Yawanawá, Wayana, Xerente, Xikrin Do Bacajá, Xikrin Do Cateté, Xipaya and Zoro.

PERU More than 75 indigenous communities were left on their Matsés, Kichwas, Omagua, Achuar, Cocama, Wampis, own in the departments of Ucayali (especially in Purus Urarina, Capanahua, Ocaina, Huitoto, Tikuna, Amahua- and Tahuania), Loreto, Amazonas and San Martin. ca, Yora, Kandoz, Shipibo, Shiwilos, Kandozi, Chapra, Yine, Yanesha, Asheninka, Isconahua and Chapra.

COLOMBIA More than 370 communities are at risk in the depart- Andoque, Bora, Cocama, Cubeo, Matapi, Miraña, Tani- ments of Amazonas, Guaviare, Guainia and Putumayo. muca, Huitoto, Yacuna, Muinane, Yucuna–Matapí, Letu- The situation is also critical, in a lesser extent, in the de- ama, Macuna, Cawiyarí and 75% of the Yagua peoples partments of Vaupes, and Caqueta. None of these de- (in the inter-border area with Brazil and Peru). partments have an intensive care unit, and organizations have challenges to get on the ground because of the violent non-state actors, in particular armed groups. Negoti- ations for a cessation of hostilities have failed so far.

SOURCES Brazil (own survey, contrasted with data from COIAB and its regional affiliations COIPAM, FOIRN, COPIME, APOIANP, COAPIMA, FEPOIMT, FEPIPA, OPIROMA, CIR and ArPIT); Peru (own survey, contrasted with data from AIDESEP); Colombia (own survey, contrasted with data from OPIAC and its affiliates - ACIMA, ACYYA, AIPEA, PANI, ASOAINTAM, CIMTAR, COINPA, AZICATCH, ACITAM, AZCAITA, CRIMA, OIMA, AINZA, CRIOMC, ORUCAPU, ASCAINCA, ASOTHEWALA, CRIGUA II, ASOCRIGUA, OZIP and CRIVA) Protecting the Earth’s First 20 | Responders from Covid-19

Avaaz’s Granting And Country Uncovered Areas Affected Indigenous Peoples Key Gaps Left To Fill ECUADOR While the situation is critical in all the Amazonian prov- Most of the Kichwa, Achuar, Secoya, Shiwiar, Shuar, inces, the communities that are least protected are Waorani, Kofan and Andwa. mostly in the areas of Sucumbios, Orellana and Napo WHAT GAPS REMAIN, given the proximity to different extractive projects. COUNTRY BY COUNTRY Some communities in the areas of Tena and Pastaza are also in urgent need. This is a general outline of the funding gaps we’re aware of. BOLIVIA While some Bolivian indigenous communities are iso- Cuyubaba, Moxeño Trinitario, Movima, Mojeño Ignacia- lated, they are going to face a shortage of food. Indige- no, Cabineño, Trinitario Río Mamoré, Guarayos, Chiqui- nous communities in the departments of Pando, Beni, tano, Esse Ejja, Yucaré, Baure, Itonama, Ayoreo, Mo- Santa Cruz and Cochabambai are the least covered by setén, Canichana, Maropa and Araona, and 25% of the the public health system. In particular, the Ayoreos, the Siriono and Yuqui. Cayubaba, the Yucaré, the Maropa, the Sirionó and the Yuqui are the more vulnerable peoples in Bolivia right now.

GUIANA Indigenous peoples living at the intersection between Arawak and Macuxi. the western and southern borders of Brazil and Venezu- ela are the hardest to reach, especially the Macuxi people who live between the headwaters of the Branco and Rupununi Rivers.

VENEZUELA The area surrounding the southern border of Brazil. The Yeral, Kurripaco, Pemón, Warao and 10% of Arawako other blindspot is the area near the municipality of Ata- and Uwottuja, bapo, in the state of Amazonas, at the border area with Colombia.

SURINAME From the Southern border of Brazil to the areas of Ei- Tirijo, Lokono/Kaliña, Otro Por Definir lerts De Haan nature reserve and Apetina areas.

FRENCH Local organizations are reporting severe unregistered Arawak GUIANA cases at the Easten and Southern borders of Brazil, and indicating real risk in the inter-border area across the towns of Oiapoque (state of Amapá, Brazil) and St. Georges in French territory; Guiana Amazonian Park.

SOURCES Ecuador (own survey, contrasted with data from CONFENIAE and Amazon Frontlines); Bolivia (own survey, contrasted with data from CIDOB Organica); Guiana (APA, REPAM); Venezuela (own survey, contrasted with data from ORPIA); Surinam (OIS, REPAM); French Guiana (FOAG, REPAM) Protecting the Earth’s First 21 | Responders from Covid-19

This briefing is based on interviews with more than 120 peo- Methodology ple and examination of 75 pieces of different data between April 1st and July 7, 2020. Documentation of new groups23 and new needs have been updated according to the necessi- ties based on the evolution of the Covid-19.

Given the legal and logistical inability to do research on the ground, Avaaz conducted the interviews via HF radio, Signal, Telegram, WhatsApp, Zoom, and satellite phone. In situations where Spanish, Portuguese, English, French, or Dutch were not shared languages, we relied on local translators.

In total, we studied 50 representative groups, 15 of which were already covered with Avaaz grants and 10 that were directly addressed by one donor. This document focuses on the remaining 25 cases that need funding and outlines in detail the latest developments in these 25 indigenous communities and organizations from the last week and second week of July.

In 30 of the 50 groups we researched, indigenous peoples have died. In three other groups indigenous peoples were seriously ill. The remaining seventeen groups involve people infected or with suspected cases, since there is no testing capacity to fully determine these cases.

As we were unable to do verification in the field, we cross- checked each group through our networks within the indigenous movement, the media, and humanitarian organizations. Each of these groups were referenced by at least three different and unrelated sources to ensure against any conflict of interest.

We also collected audiovisual and photographic evidence in order to cross-check information. We used different digital verification tools to help in the selection, review, and verification process. The verification methodology also included checking for the capture date, the upload date to social media, geolocating the content, and fact checking for corrobo- rating evidence. Protecting the Earth’s First 22 | Responders from Covid-19

Methodology Avaaz requested virtual meetings with the officials of Nine groups are listed as not vetted by Avaaz. That is not an health ministries of all the countries in the region. At the indication of the quality or the validity of the proposals, but time this briefing was completed, we have not received our inability to provide full vetting. However, the fact that any official responses to these requests. Instead, we were these proposals were brought, referenced, processed, and able to speak with some local and junior officials on the vetted by professional and reliable partner organizations, condition of anonymity. such as the ICCA Consortium and the United Nations Devel- opment Programme (UNDP), we have chosen to include Because of the dangerous situations prevailing in Brazil and them here and provide contact details for further those wish- Venezuela (especially at the border) and to a lesser extent in ing to fully vet those projects. Bolivia and Peru, at the time of writing this briefing, some data has been withheld for the security of our partners. Lastly, while we tried to be as thorough and comprehensive Avaaz is willing to share this in confidence upon request. as possible despite the legal, political, and logistical limitations, the precision of the information outlined is subject to We also carried cost analyses with the communities using the limitations of the current circumstances. As this briefing the WFP, PAHO, WHO, and other UN relevant standards in- is simply intended as a resource for third parties to find or dicators (e.g. food baskets, health kits, etc.). Additionally match grant opportunities and not as a journalistic report or we took into account inflation projections and other indica- publication, Avaaz encourages independent verification of tors to evaluate realistically the buying power and the direct the facts contained within and cannot take responsibility for and associated costs of aerial and fluvial transportation of any reliance on the representations made in this report. different goods, given the extensive geographical challenges to reach remote areas.

Total costs were analyzed using several indicators of currency fluctuation (which is unstable right now), since in some countries the value of the United States Dollar differs between the official, private and black market rates, the costs in dollars are just approximate, so the valid cost reference should be guided by the local currency (except Ecuador, who uses the USD as their local currency). Food and health related prices in some countries are very fluid given the economical impact of Covid-19, so costs might vary. Proposals

Avaaz encourages potential donors to support any of the 25 local organizations that are listed in this Appendix. Avaaz carried out extensive research and supported organizations to create their own grant proposals with realis- tic scopes, actionable goals, precise activities, and concrete budgets. If you need more information don’t hesitate to either contact us or directly connect with the organizations listed here.

In total, there’s a current shortage of funds of 1,303,509 USD .

A list of basic supplies (mostly food) prepared by Bolivian migrants based in the United States, seeking to raise over $7,000 per month to feed 350 indigenous families in poor towns within the department of Cochabamba. The U.S. economic crisis has seriously affected their economic ability to send remittances to their home communities. Protecting the Earth’s First 24 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT by illegal logging practices and poach- WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? 01 The Korubo live in the region of the Ja- ing. These homelands are located be- Acquisition of food, fishing equip- vari valley, where the Ituí and Itaquaí tween the Javari and Galvez rivers. ment, fuel, communication and trans- UNIVAJA - UNIÃO DOS rivers meet, in the Javari valley. Most The Matsés have guarded their lands portation to reach isolated or recently of this population (over 200 people) from both other indigenous tribes and contacted villages. They’re also look- POVOS INDÍGENAS DO still lives in isolation, moving between outsider colonials. The approximately ing for biosecurity elements and tests. VALE DO JAVARI the Ituí, Coari and Branco rivers. In 3,200 Matsés people speak the Matsés (BRAZIL) 1996, after several attempts, FUNAI language which belongs to the Panoan contacted a small group of Korubo. language family. In the last thirty WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? After meeting with the attraction years, they have become a largely set- Coordination and deployment of first COMMUNITY AND NATION: team, the Kurubo began to make suc- tled people living mostly in perma- aid materials. Kurubu (isolated people, recent con- cessive visits to the villages of the Ma- nent forest settlements. However, tact) and Matis, Mayoruna, Marubo tis and to the Front camps in the for- they still rely on hunting and gather- and Kulina peoples (please also see est. Today, the group is distributed in ing for most of their subsistence. HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY Case 14) two communities in the lower Ituí. Their main source of income comes REACHING? The Matis: estimated at several hun- from selling peccary hides and meat. 7 indigenous ethnic groups, 55 villag- dred at the time of the first contacts The Marúbo people: as in their cos- es, 8 thousand hectares, 5 regions LOCATION: (late 1970s), they were no more than mology, in which new beings are without public transport access. only Vale do Javari, state of Amazonas, 87 in 1983. In this short period, several formed by the aggregation or transfor- accessible by boat or aircraft. BRAZIL. Please see a detailed map epidemics spread throughout the re- mation of parts of dead and mutilated here. gion, affecting a huge number of peo- beings, people seem to result from the ple, especially children and the elder- reorganization of indigenous societies HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS ly. The last months of 1981 were decimated and fragmented by cau- WORK? especially tragic, having cost the lives cheiros and rubber tappers at the 2 months. of about 48 Matis, leading the trauma- height of the rubber period. But this tized survivors to abandon their scat- movement of dispersion and regroup- tered occupations in the forest and to ing can go back to older times, as sug- regroup around the Funai Post, on the gested by the names of marúbo sec- banks of the Ituí River, in search of tions in other neighboring Pâno remedies. After a few years, the gar- peoples. dens started to produce normally, Living along the banks of the Juruá some rituals resurfaced and there was and Purus rivers, the Kulina are out- a significant population increase. standing for the strength with which However, the demographic and psy- they maintain their cultural institu- chological shock resulting from a bad- tions, among them music and sha- ly undertaken and unnecessarily manism. An example of this is that, deadly contact still persists. despite their being in contact with the The Matsés or Mayoruna are an indig- Whites for a long time, and that sever- enous people of the Peruvian and Bra- al villages are located near urban cen- zilian Amazon. The tribe’s ancestral ters, no-one knows of any Kulina liv- lands are currently being encroached ing outside their lands. Protecting the Earth’s First 25 | Responders from Covid-19

TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 01 1,340,774 BRL Country and city of registration: UNIVAJA - UNIÃO DOS BRAZIL, Atalaia do Norte ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) POVOS INDÍGENAS DO Hospital equipment: 28,170.50 BRL Language: VALE DO JAVARI Portuguese (BRAZIL) IN USD (TOTAL) 260,000 USD

• Radio: 175,221.79 BRL • Fuel: 146,455 BRL • Food kits: 889,847 BRL • 112 Agriculture tool kits: 101,080 BRL

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: Vetted by Avaaz? YES Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES Protecting the Earth’s First 26 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT Apolima-Arara, Kuntanawa, Noke Koi IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY 02 Huni Kuĩn and other indigenous peo- (Katukina), Nawa, Nukini, Puyanawa, Is it a non-profit? YES ples occupy 12 municipalities in the Manchineri, Sapanawa and indige- Vetted by Avaaz? YES HUNI KUĨN PEOPLES / state of Acre, which is in the southern nous peoples of recent contact (who Vetted by community? YES region of the Amazon, bordering Bo- do not fit a specific people). Vetted by a third party? YES FEPHAC PROJECT livia and Peru. In the capital Rio Bran- (BRAZIL) co, as well as in the host cities of the Municipalities where the indigenous HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS COMMUNITY AND NATION: territories are located, there are about WORK? Huni Kuin peoples and others includ- 4,000 indigenous people living in a 5 months. ing Ashaninka, Madijá, Shanenawa, position of high vulnerability, without Shawãdawa, Jaminawa, Jaminawa Ar- the right to attend by indigenous pub- ara, Yawanawa, Apolima-Arara, Kun- lic policies which are exclusively to TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) tanawa, Noke Koi (Katukina), Nawa, serve those who live in the villages. 1,158,387.89 BRL Nukini, Puyanawa, Manchineri and Sapanawa. WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? IN USD (TOTAL) Fuel, food, materials for the protection 220,000 USD LOCATION: and mitigation of contamination risks, Various areas, state of Acre, BRAZIL. priority of rapid test material, food, hy- Detailed map More information: click giene equipment, protection, produc- ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) here. tion of educational material and production of fabric masks for distribution • Transport freight (half truck) with to Huni Kuĩn communities and other authorization to transport the baskets listed peoples, as well as for indigenous (Feijó, Tarauac and Cruzeiro Do Sul); people in an urban context. from Rio Branco to Feijó, Tarauacá and Cruzeiro do Sul: 234 BRL (daily) for 30 days (Total: 7,600.50 BRL). WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? • Drilling of 114 wells to have water, Deployment and distribution of basic the water box to make the intake and food baskets, hygiene and fuel kits. the gray hairs to take it to the village (Total: 269,000 BRL) • Sprayers, masks, thermometers, HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY food baskets, tests, alcohol, portable REACHING? oxygen kit (Total: 825,936 BRL) 15,000 Huni Kuĩn living in 106 villag- • Computer, printer, renting transpor- es, covering 12 territories located tation and salaries for 1,000 BRL for 6 within five municipalities. Other in- FTE for 5 months (Total: 55,851.39 BRL) digenous peoples include: Ashaninka, Madijá, Shanenawa, Shawãdawa, Jam- inawa, Jaminawa Arara, Yawanawa, Protecting the Earth’s First 27 | Responders from Covid-19

02 CANDIDATE GRANTEE INFORMATION Country and city of registration: HUNI KUĨN PEOPLES / BRAZIL, Rio Branco

FEPHAC PROJECT Language: (BRAZIL) Portuguese Protecting the Earth’s First 28 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: remained: a father with his three tin and Pirahã peoples on the Madeira 03 The Deni, Apurinã and Juma are part daughters and a granddaughter. Cur- River channel, and as well, the Majiha of indigenous groups of the region of rently, the remnants of the Juma peo- Kulina people of the Ueré stream (152 DENI, APURINÃ AND the Juruá and Purus rivers who, in the ple constitute only one family nucle- people) and the Kanamari people of 1940s, suffered the impacts of the sec- us, all of whom are married to the Taquara village (156 people). These JUMA PEOPLES /OPAN ond rubber boom, which attracted Uru-eu-wau-wau individuals. villages are located in territories with- PROJECT IN MATO thousands of migrants. With these, Other peoples in the area include: the out land tenure regularization, placing GROSSO (BRAZIL) came sicknesses, violent territorial Katukina, the Tenharim, the Jiahui, these populations in a very vulnerable disputes and exploitation of indige- the Parintitin, the Pirahã, the Majiha situation in view of the advance of the nous labor. Kulina and the Kanamari. pandemic in their territories. COMMUNITY AND NATION: Since then, the Deni had to wait de- Deni, Apurinã and Juma cades until they got their territorial rights guaranteed, and even then only WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS after a campaign for the demarcation Supply of materials and equipment, WORK? LOCATION: of their lands, supported by several seeking to guarantee the food sover- 3 months. Médio Purus, Solimões, Purus, Juruá NGOs, which succeeded in getting offi- eignty of indigenous communities and Madeira rivers, state of Amazo- cial demarcation, but which was only during the period of social distance. nas, BRAZIL completed in August, 2003. Even TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) then, they confronted the problems 400,000 BRL resulting from recurrent invasions for WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? clandestine activities such as fishing Support traditional practices for the and timber extraction. use of natural resources by indige- IN USD (TOTAL) Scattered in places close to the banks nous groups from four Amazon areas 74,000 USD of the Purus, the Apurinã shares a rich (Juruá, Solimões, Purus and Madei- cosmological and ritual complex. Its ra), strengthening food sovereignty history is strongly marked by the vio- and consequently contributing to the ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) lence of the two rubber cycles in the social isolation and prevention of Amazon region. Today they are fight- these groups in the face of Covid-19. • Acquisition of 550 Food Security Kits ing for the rights to some of their lands (fishing equipment, field equipment, which have not yet been recognized equipment used in the management and that are repeatedly invaded by HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY of agricultural systems (Total 330,000 loggers. REACHING? BRL). The Juma belong to a group of peoples Deni people of the Cuniuá river (Purus • 4 Freight / Equipment transport to who speak the Tupi-Guarani linguistic river channel), composed of 7 villages four regions: 10,000 BRL). family called Kagwahiva. In the 18th with approximately 1,200 people. Apu- • Logistics delivery in the territories - century, it is likely that the Juma num- rinã people of the Sepatini, Acimã and four regions (total 60,000 BRL) bered 12 to 15 thousand indigenous. Tumiã rivers located on the Purus river After successive massacres and the ex- channel. Juma people of the Mucuim pansion of extractive fronts, they river on the Purus river channel. were reduced to a few dozen in the Katukina people from Biá in Middle So- 1960s. In 2002, only five individuals limões. Also: Tenharim, Jiahui, Parinti- Protecting the Earth’s First 29 | Responders from Covid-19

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: 03 Is it a non-profit? YES Vetted by Avaaz? YES DENI, APURINÃ AND Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES JUMA PEOPLES /OPAN PROJECT IN MATO GROSSO (BRAZIL) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION Country and city of registration BRAZIL, Cuiaba

Language: Portuguese Protecting the Earth’s First 30 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: cases, 01 death), Nambiquara, Mano- TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) 04 This proposal aims to support actions ki, Myky, Kaiabi, Apiaká and Rikbatk- 37,8850 BRL to prevent and combat Covid-19 with sa. Articulation with the Federation of XAVANTES PEOPLES / the indigenous peoples of the State of Indigenous Peoples of MT (FEPOIMT) Mato Grosso located in the Juruena and the Organization of Indigenous IN USD (TOTAL) OPAN PROJECT IN River Basin, OPAN’s area of operation. Women of MT (Takiná) to guide secu- USD 70,000 MATO GROSSO Brazil is experiencing the worst phase rity protocols. Actions to support sov- (BRAZIL) of the pandemic. It currently has the ereignty and food security in indige- second highest number of deaths nous territories. Actions to support ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) from Covid-19, after the United States. sovereignty and food security in indig- COMMUNITY AND NATION: The situation of indigenous peoples is enous territories. • Basic emergency basket: 10,000 BRL Xavantes, Nambiquara, Manoki,Myky, dramatic because the conditions for • Kit - Advanced wards: 141,000 BRL Kaiabi, Apiaká and Rikbatksak attending to indigenous health are • Kit - Cleaning and sanitizing precarious and it is not a priority in HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY materials: 10,950 BRL the current government. OPAN is the REACHING? • PPE Kit: 36,000 BRL LOCATION: oldest indigenous entity in Brazil at 51 Xavantes, Nambiquara, Manoki, • Supporting materials (sleep nets, Alto Boa Vista, state of Mato Grosso, years old. Based on works in partner- Myky, Kaiabi, Apiaká e Rikbatksa. oximeter and digital thermometer): BRAZIL ship with indigenous peoples, it has 78,000 BRL historically adopted participatory How long will they be doing this work? • Transportation: 39,000 BRL methodologies with an emphasis on 3 months • Communication: 63,900 BRL the political formation of communities. Headquartered in Cuiabá and with offices in Brasnorte, Nova Xavan- IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: tina (MT), Lábrea and Manaus (AM), it Is it a non-profit? YES covers projects in the Juruena, Ara- Vetted by Avaaz? YES guaia, Purus, Juruá and Solimões. Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES

WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? Actions to prevent and combat GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION Covid-19 with the leadership of the indigenous peoples in the State of Mato Country and city of registration Grosso located in the Juruena River BRAZIL, Cuiaba Basin, OPAN’s area of operation. Language: Portuguese WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? Mobilization of resources for the purchase of PPE, hygiene materials and the internet. Monitoring the situation of the Xavante peoples (19 confirmed Protecting the Earth’s First 31 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY PARTNER ORGANIZATION: 05 The Ticuna are the most numerous REACHING? SIMASA da Amazônia - Amazon Social people in the Brazilian Amazon. Fol- 65 families and Environmental Monitoring and MAGÜTA/TIKUNA lowing a recent history shaped by the Evaluation System can legally sign, re- violent invasion of rubber-tappers, ceive and be the fiscal sponsor of the PEOPLES (BRAZIL) fishermen and loggers in the Solimões HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS project, passing the financial resourc- river region, it was only in the 1990s WORK? ADDRESS: es since Instituto Ngutapa COMMUNITY AND NATION: that the Ticuna gained official recogni- 90 days Vetted by Avaaz? YES Magüta/Tikuna, Betânia-Mecürane tion for the majority of their lands. To- Vetted by community? YES villages day they face the challenge of guaran- Vetted by a third party? YES teeing their economic and TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) environmental sustainability, enhanc- 35,500 BRL LOCATION: ing their relations with the surround- GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION Indigenous territories Tikuna, Tuku- ing society, while maintaining the vi- na Umariaçu Tabatinga, state of Ama- vacity of their extremely rich culture. IN USD (TOTAL) Country and city of registration: zonas, BRAZIL Not by chance, the masks, designs and USD 6,500 BRAZIL, Manaus paintings of this people have achieved international recognition. Language ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Portuguese

WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? • Seed Purchase: 3,000 BRL To develop an integrated agricultural • Agriculture Tool kits: 6,500 BRL production and sustainability of the • Materials required for construction Tikuna people and help indigenous of space for hen house and vegetable families who lost their agricultural garden 8,200 BRL production during this period of quar- • Purchase food for project activities: antine of Covid-19 (they lost the pro- 3,800 BRL duction of flour and vegetables). • Transportation: 14,000 BRL

WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: Construction of a chicken coop spaces Is it a non-profit? YES for the creation of free-range chicken and nursery for the seedlings of medicinal and fruit plants, creation of a vegetable garden for the development of the association’s agro-ecological land, for the self-consumption of the members’ family members, who due to the Covid-19 pandemic are asking for agricultural productivity. Protecting the Earth’s First 32 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS 06 The Xikrin, a Kayapó language group, In order for them to remain in isola- WORK? ADDRESS: emphasize listening and speaking. tion, they need items to support them 4 months. XIKRIN PEOPLES With the aim of sharpening these in producing their food in the tradi- qualities, the Xikrin pierce, already in tional way, in productive activities (BRAZIL) the earliest childhood, is the corre- such as gardens, gathering and fish- TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) sponding organs (ears and lips). Hear- ing. They are providing fishing line, 140,096 BRL COMMUNITY AND NATION: ing is directly related to knowledge, to hook of different sizes for different -en Mebêngokré-Xikrin the acquisition of knowledge. Speak- vironments and fishes, mesh, fishing ing, in turn, is a highly valued social leads, machete, lime and hoe. Due to IN USD (TOTAL) practice, as for all Kayapó groups in the pandemic, it is also necessary to 26,000 USD LOCATION: general, who define themselves as send them items for their biosafety Indigenous territories of Trinchei- those who speak well and in a beauti- such as plates, cups and spoons, in or- ra-Bacajá, state of Pará, BRAZIL. De- ful way –Kaben mei- opposing all oth- der to help them to minimize the shar- ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) tailed map here er peoples who do not speak their lan- ing of these items in the villages. It is guage. The gift of oratory is the also necessary to send hygiene mate- • Kit traditional activities: 94,500 BRL attribute of men and involves in- rials such as bleach, washing powder • Kit bio safety: 16,500 BRL flamed speeches made in the center of and soap bars, brooms and buckets. • Kit hygiene: 14,096 BRL the village. Due to the Covid-19 pan- Masks and gel alcohol are also neces- • Transportation: 15,000 BRL demics, the Mebengokré-Xikrin are in sary, among other hygiene items. their villages in isolation to avoid possible contamination from the virus. IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY Is it a non-profit? YES REACHING? Associação Bebo Xikrin Do Bacajá WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? 252 families directly assisted, out of Vetted by Avaaz? YES Food security and biosafety for the 1,111 people in the Trincheira-Bacajá Vetted by community? YES Mebengokré-Xikrin. Due to the Indigenous land, according to the lat- Vetted by a third party? YES Covid-19 pandemic, the Meben- est data collected by the DSEI (Special gokré-Xikrin are in their villages in iso- Indigenous Sanitary District). lation to avoid possible contamination from the virus. GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION

Country and city of registration: BRAZIL, Altamira, Terra Indígena Trincheira-Bacajá

Language: Portuguese Protecting the Earth’s First 33 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) 07 The project represents an attempt to Keep the 3 sanitary barriers in opera- BRL 15,000 stop the virus from entering the 40 vil- tion for the next 3 months. For this KRAHO PEOPLES lages of the indigenous territories of they need to guarantee food for the 15 the Krahô. It is essential because the warriors of the guardhouses, and dis- IN USD (TOTAL) (BRAZIL) situation of total absence of public infection material. USD 3,000 and institutional powers (FUNAI, SES- COMMUNITY AND NATION: AI) turns a situation that is already ex- Krahô tremely vulnerable, into a time bomb WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Location: about to explode, within the context With the start of the pandemic, Krahô Indigenous Territories Kraolândia, of the pandemic. The leaders under- leaders established that the best way • Food allowances for 15 warriors for 3 Itacajá/Goiatins districts, state of To- stood that they have to organize them- to protect villages was to implement months (10,000 BRL) cantins, BRAZIL selves to stop the arrival of the virus barriers at the main entrances to the • Purchase of gel alcohol, bar soap, and minimize the effects, in case this Indigenous Land. These barriers work bleach, PPE for the 3 sentry boxes for arrival is inevitable. to establish control over everything 3 months (total: 5,000 BRL) The Krahô Indigenous land is the larg- that enters the IT, in addition to disin- est preserved Cerrado area in Brazil; fecting people, vehicles and objects despite being a biodiversity hotspot needing to enter. In addition, the bar- IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: and considered to be the cradle of wa- rier serves as a point of support and Is it a non-profit? YES ters (because the three main hydro- information about the situation for Associaçao Hotxwa Cia HIKEN graphic basins in South America were the communities, as it provides infor- Vetted by Avaaz? YES born there) between 2013 and 2015 mational material that can be taken to Vetted by community? YES the Cerrado lost three times the area the villages. Vetted by a third party? YES of the Federal District of its native veg- etation. The current government, even during the pandemic, has tried HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE REACHING? GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION to pass a bill regulating the exploita- The entire Krahô population, about tion of Indigenous Lands; previous 3,700 indigenous people. Country and city of registration: governments were also silent on en- BRAZIL, Goiatins couraging monocultures to what was called the country’s last agricultural HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS Language: frontier. The geological, climatic and WORK? Portuguese geopolitical risks put the Krahô Indig- 3 months enous Land and its population in an immense vulnerability process. Protecting the Earth’s First 34 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT/IDENTIFYING THE KEY TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 08 NEEDS: 27,499 BRL indigenous communities are urgently Country and city of registration: APINAJE PEOPLE needing the basics, such as food and BRAZIL, Manaus (COIAB) hygiene, as well as treated water and IN USD (TOTAL) (BRAZIL) energy. Since many make a living from 5,200 Language the sale of handicrafts, fishing and Portuguese COMMUNITY AND NATION: farming, with the advance of the pan- Apinajé demic they can no longer leave their ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Location: villages to sell their products. This is Apinaye Indigenous Territories, state causing a financial crisis in the family • 300 Basic emergency basket (total: of Tocantins, BRAZIL. Detailed map and affecting the self-support. The 13,500 BRL) here peoples with the greatest difficulties • 300 hygiene kits (total: 6,000 BRL) are located in the north of Tocantins, • 300 alcohol gel (total: 2,940 BRL) being the Krahô, Apinajé and Karajá • 300 medical masks (total: 3,600 Xambioá peoples. BRL) • Fuel (total: 389 BRL) • Transportation (total: 950 BRL) WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? • 8 disinfection kit 120 (total: BRL) Cover very basic needs (food and hygiene) during Covid-19 IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: Is it a non-profit? YES WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? ARPIT Fuel, food, materials for the protec- Vetted by Avaaz? YES tion and mitigation of contamination Vetted by community? YES risks, hygiene equipment, protection. Vetted by a third party? YES

HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY REACHING? 300 indigenous people

HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS WORK? ADDRESS: 1 month Protecting the Earth’s First 35 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: Elder Violeta, chief and founder of Al- HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS 09 The Karajá Xambioá with its way of deia Manoel Achurê, is 76 years old, WORK? ADDRESS: life associated with the Araguaia Riv- born in the Xambioá Indigenous Ter- 1 month. KARAJÁ XAMBIOÁ er, is dependent upon fishing. The ritory, and holds the traditional and Karajá people, or Iny, have fish and mythological knowledge of her Kara- PEOPLES (BRAZIL) turtles from the Amazon (Podocnemis já-Xambioá people. Known by her TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) expansa) as an essential element in children, grandchildren, nephews BRL 36,129.12 COMMUNITY AND NATION: their culture and traditional food. The and sons-in-law as “Iny Wedu” which Karajá Xambioá. role of both species goes beyond the in Portuguese means “Chief India”, cosmology of these people, since their she has become an example of the IN USD (TOTAL) high protein value guaranteed the empowerment of indigenous women, USD 6,900 LOCATION: healthy development of generations having the courage to open a new vil- Indigenous territories Xambioá, states of indigenous people. Aldeia Manoel lage, which was a feat accomplished of Tocantins and Para, BRAZIL Achurê started to be planned on Sep- only by Karajá men, in addition to the ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) tember 7, 2017, when the elderly and function of chief. Today, woman lead- chief lady Maria Violeta Achurê Karajá ership is threatened with the advance • 1 Diesel generator 6000 KW gathered her family to say what she of the pandemic, which has been di- Td7000Cxe Toyama - Single phase was aiming for. From that day on, her rectly affecting the entire structure of (total: 5,406.64 BRL children and grandchildren began to indigenous communities. • 1 opening of Amazonian water well plan how the new village and filing (total: 3,500 BRL) documents in the bodies of the three • 1 Submerged motor pump M3C 3BPS spheres inform about the creation of WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? 2-7 1/3 hp 220v 2 wires of Rod (total: the new village. Only in July 2018 did The Manoel Achurê village urgently 586.4 BRL) the first families move to the new vil- needs provisional installations of ener- • 2 Duplex Multiplex Aluminum Cable lage, comprising eight families. gy network and water extraction from 2x16mm W / 100 Meters (total: 738 Elder lady leader Violeta Karajá’s the Amazon water well to guarantee the BRL) main concern is the preservation of health of the community. • 100m electric wire 2.5mm colored natural resources such as fauna and flexible cable (total: 302 BRL) flora of the indigenous land, and so • 40 Led Bulbs Pear 12W Bivolt Avant she decided to create the village for WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? (total: 419.60 BRL) the community to work based on the Basic structuring of Aldeia Manoel • 40 Standard (total: 260 BRL) concept of sustainability, preserving Achurê, provisional installations of • Led Lamp Socket Nozzle Kit, 16 Set 1 the resources through environmental power grid and water capture from Simple Switch + 1 20A Outlet (total: projects and agroecology so that she the Amazonian rivers. 238.40 BRL) can leave her legacy to future genera- • 6 Plastic Hose 3/4 - Roll C / 50m tions, grandchildren, great-grandchil- (total: 332.34 BRL) dren and great-grandchildren, where HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY • 16 weldable tube 6m (total: 367.84 they can still live in harmony with na- REACHING? BRL) ture, respecting its cycles and pre- 128 famílies. • 30 Weldable 3/4 3/4 (total: 64.50 serving its ethno-environmental rela- BRL) tions. • 24 Knee 90 ° Weldable ¾ (total: Protecting the Earth’s First 36 | Responders from Covid-19

40.56 BRL) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 09 • 24 3/4 Weldable Cap (total: 36 BRL) Country and city of registration: • 16 Herc Black Faucet (total: 79.84 BRAZIL, not registered. KARAJÁ XAMBIOÁ BRL) • Diesel (total: 359 BRL) Language: PEOPLES (BRAZIL) • Fuel (total: 409 BRL) Portuguese • Electrician fees (total: 1,000 BRL) • Logistics (total: 1,200 BRL) • 1 Calça Aluminum Boat - 5 Meters (total: 10,500 BRL) • 1 Yamaha Outboard 2 Stroke 15HP (total: 9,500 BRL) • Water Tank (total: 389 BRL)

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: is it a non-profit? YES de( facto) Associação Tahiru It’s not a legally registered organization and we were not able to find a suitable legal entity that can act as a fiscal sponsor. We’re confident that, with some more time, the right partner will ap- pear for this group. Our research indicates it’s an effective, efficient and well organized community. We strongly en- courage you to support this project. Vetted by Avaaz? YES Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES Protecting the Earth’s First 37 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 10 The Guajajara are an indigenous peo- BRL 16,000 ple in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. Country and city of registration: GUAJAJARA TI They are one of the most numerous BRAZIL, indigenous groups in Brazil, with an IN USD (TOTAL) ARABOIA PEOPLES estimated 13,100 individuals living on USD 3,100 Language: (BRAZIL) indigenous land. Portuguese

COMMUNITY AND NATION: ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Guajajara (Awá Guajá - some of them WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? remains isolated) Supporting the most vulnerable fami- • Food (flour, macaxeira, rice, bean, lies in social isolation, sanitary blocks beef, coffee and fruit - activities at the on territorial limits in vulnerable ar- base of the sanitary block (total: 6,600 LOCATION: eas, forest fire prevention (fire breaks) BRL). Indigenous territories of Araribóia, and implementation of strategic terri- • Basic items of hygiene and protec- state of Maranhão, BRAZIL. Detailed torial monitoring activities (agrofor- tion (total: 6,600 BRL) map here estry trail and support base). • Logistic support 8 Days, renting 4x4 Vehicle (total: 1,600 BRL) • Logistic Support 8 Days Driver (total: WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? 1,200 BRL) Distributing food baskets and hygiene items to the most vulnerable families, especially the ones in the margins. IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: is it a non-profit? YES de( facto) Guardiões da Floresta da Terra Indíge- HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY na Araribóia REACHING? It’s not a legally registered organization 240 guardians to protect most of the and we were not able to find a suitable 14,000 Guajajaras in 255 villages. legal entity that can act as a fiscal sponsor. We’re confident that, with some more time, the right partner will ap- HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS pear for this group. Our research indi- WORK? cates it’s an effective, efficient and well 30 days. organized community. We strongly en- courage you to support this project. Vetted by Avaaz? YES Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES Protecting the Earth’s First 38 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 11 The Amanayé (Amanayé/Amanaié or WORK? ADDRESS: Ararandeuara/Araradeua) are a 2 months Country and city of registration: AMANAYE PEOPLES self-denomination Tupi-Guaranian BRAZIL, Unknown people of Native South American na- (BRAZIL) tions of Brazil’s Amazon basin. Resi- TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) Language: dents of northeastern Brazil, they live 442,000 BRL Portuguese COMMUNITY AND NATION: between the cities of Belém and Ararandewa Village, Amanayé Indige- Brasília in the state of Pará, near the nous People municipality of São Domingos do IN USD (TOTAL) Capim. The name Amanayé suppos- 83,200 USD edly means ‘association of people’, LOCATION: and appears in sources as Manajo and Goianésia do Pará, state of Pará, BRA- Amanajo as well. Part of the Amanayé ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) ZIL may have taken the name of Araran- deuara, in reference to the igarapé • Food kits total: 70,000 BRL (small Amazon waterway) near which • Total biosafety kits: 42,000 BRL they live. Sedentary farmers, hunters • Total fuel: 15,000 BRL and gatherers, they speak Tupi and • Total transportation: 10,000 BRL live on the Upper Capim River (be- • Total agriculture tool kits: 125,000 tween two water courses, Ararandeua BRL and Surubiju), in the State of Pará. • Total fish tool kits: 180,000 BRL

WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: to have enough food to remain isolat- Is it a non-profit? YES ed in quarantine. Associação Esporte Clube da Aldeia What are they doing / providing? de- Oimotawara ployment and coordination of distri- Vetted by Avaaz? YES bution of food kits, biosafety kits, fuel, Vetted by community? YES agriculture tool kits and fish tool kits. Vetted by a third party? YES

HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY REACHING? 350 members of the Amanaye people. Protecting the Earth’s First 39 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: received, but there have already been HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS 12 Roraima, proportionally being the four delays in its inauguration due to WORK? state with the largest indigenous pop- lack of equipment and trained person- 5 months (July up to December) SEVERAL INDIGENOUS ulation in the country, with about 70 nel to work in the pandemic. thousand people, consequently con- On April 9, the first indigenous person PEOPLES IN RORAIMA centrates two large Special Indige- in the country, a 14-year-old Yanomami, TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) (BRAZIL) nous Sanitary Districts, the East that died in the city of Boa Vista. According 962,300 BRL serves the Macuxi, Sapará, Wapicha- to data made by COIAB - 41 indigenous COMMUNITY AND NATION: na, Taurepang, Ingarikó, Wai Wai, Pa- victims of Covid-19 have died today, Macuxi, Sapará, Wapichana, Taure- tamona and the Yanomami, who among the Yanomami, Macuxi and Wa- IN USD (TOTAL) pang, Ingarikó, Wai Wai, Patamona. serve the Yanomami and Ye’kwana. pichana peoples, the majority of whom 176,000 USD The Yanomami are considered people are teachers and more than 400 people of recent contact and still have com- are infected. It is worth remembering LOCATION: munities living in voluntary isolation. that in the state of Roraima, as in the ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Raposa Serra do Sol, state of Roraima, The two DSEIs have a significant num- rest of the country, indigenous people BRAZIL. Detailed map here ber of indigenous people who act as living abroad Indigenous Lands are not • 5000 Disposable surgical mask: Indigenous Health Agents (AIS) and notified as indigenous patients, that is, 17,500 BRL Indigenous Sanitation Agents (AI- this number is still greater than that reg- • 585 facial protector: 15,550 BRL SAN), which makes them doubly vul- istered by DSEI. • 5,000 medical cap: 2,500 BRL nerable. • 5,000 Disposable hospital gown: This specific context is aggravated by 39,500 BRL the fact that there is illegal mining in the WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? • 5,000 Jumpsuit, type: chemical and Raposa Serra do Sol Indigenous Territo- The needs for the regions mentioned particle protection, material: 125,000 ry and in the Yanomami Indigenous above are: Food, and hygiene materi- BRL Territory, places of great contamination als, masks, PPE, hygiene kit, fabrics • 50 disposable procedure gloves: vector (estimates say there are 20,000 for making masks and other needs 2,250 BRL illegal miners). Thus, this population that will be attached in the emergency • 600 alcohol: 9,000 BRL needs to have guaranteed beds with project document for the indigenous • 50 Covid-19 test: 25,000 BRL ICUs equipped with respirators and communities of Roraima. • 10 portable mechanical respirators: trained health personnel to assist them. 700,000 BRL The state of Roraima has a public hospi- • Transportation: 16,000 BRL tal that has received patients with WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? • Informative campaign: 5,000 BRL Covid-19 and has other problems. The Medical kits and informative cam- • 40 banners: 5,000 BRL Government of Roraima is responsible paigns. for fulfilling an agreement between government agencies to put into operation the Hospital de Campanha - Protection HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY and Care Area (APC) of Operation Wel- REACHING? comed in the state of Roraima, which Approximately 5,000 indigenous receives Venezuelan refugees and people. where indigenous patients can also be Protecting the Earth’s First 40 | Responders from Covid-19

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: 12 is it a non-profit? YES Indigenous Council of Roraima SEVERAL INDIGENOUS CIR Vetted by Avaaz? YES PEOPLES IN RORAIMA Vetted by community: YES (BRAZIL) Vetted by a third party: YES

GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION

Country and city of registration: Language: Portuguese Protecting the Earth’s First 41 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: 13 The Mamoadate Indigenous Territory Equipment and tools needed to en- is it a non-profit? YES is located on the upper Iaco River, far sure food security in the villages; PPE Comissão Pró-Índio do Acre MACHINERI PEOPLES from the headquarters of the nearest and disinfection / hygiene material; Vetted by Avaaz? YES municipality, Assis Brasil. The capital boats and motors for emergency dis- Vetted by community: YES of the State of Acre, Rio Branco, is placement of patients. Vetted by a third party: YES COMMUNITY AND NATION: where the nearest ICU is located, to Machineri peoples where severely ill patients should be moved. It is 340 km from Assis Brasil. HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION These distances make it very difficult REACHING? LOCATION: for patients to travel, and place those About 1,400 people (total population Country and city of registration: Terra Indígena Mamoadate, río Iaco at affected by Covid-19 with greater se- of manchineri villages). BRAZIL, Rio Branco state of Acre, BRAZIL verity at serious risk. The machineris are an indigenous people from Brazil, Language: Bolivia and Peru. They live along the HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS Portuguese Acre river in Bolivia, in Brazil they live WORK? ADDRESS: mostly in the Mamoadate indigenous 1 month. territory, although some also live in the Chico Mendes strativist reserve, both in the state of Acre, their settle- TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) ment area overlaps with the yamina- R$ 205,825 huas. Other names with which they are known are: machineres, manchi- neres, manchineris, manitenéres, IN USD (TOTAL) manitenerís and maxinéris. USD 39,000

WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Fishing materials and work tools to ensure food security in the villages; • Cleaning kits: 21,100 BRL personal protective equipment; alco- • Fishing kits: 79,125 BRL hol in gel and soap, for hygiene and • Tool kits: 74,200 BRL disinfection; 2 aluminum boats with • Transport: 13,400 BRL 13hp tail motor, for emergency dis- • Purchasing, cleaning, transporta- placement and removal of patients. tion to the river, accountability: 18,000 BRL Protecting the Earth’s First 42 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 14 As preparation to protect several in- 51,000 BRL digenous nations and communities in Country and city of registration: KANAMARI AND the Javari valley are ramping up, local BRAZIL, Atalaia do Norte, UF civil society is facing an increasing ex- IN USD (TOTAL) Amazônia OTHER NATIONS IN ternal pressure to meet expectations 9,800 USD JAVARI VALLEY from funders and local communities. Language: While they were very creative in meet- Portuguese COMMUNITY AND NATION: ing different needs, clearly right now ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Kanamari local organizations are severely under-capacity and several operations • Project coordinator x 3: 18,000 BRL are at risk to not be executed properly • Field coordinator x 3: 12,000 BRL LOCATION: if there are no additional temporary • Administrative manager x 3: 6,000 Vale do Javari, state of Amazonas, hiring to meet this challenge. BRL BRAZIL • Project manager x 3: 9,000 BRL • Translator: 2,000 BRL WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? • Accountant x 2: 4,000 BRL Funds to scale up hiring/human re- • Office costs (covered) sources to meet operational execution • Volunteer costs (covered) and implementation of the funds deployed to protect indigenous peoples in Javari valley. IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: is it a non-profit? YES AKAVAJA WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? Vetted by Avaaz? YES Leading field operations, providing Vetted by community: YES administrative coordination Vetted by a third party: YES

HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY REACHING? 2,000 indigenous members of the Kanamari nation

HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS WORK? ADDRESS: 3 months Protecting the Earth’s First 43 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) 15 The Wayoro of Brazil, numbering 175, part of the South American Indige- • 80 Colchões 40,000 BRL WAYORO nous people cluster within the Lat- • 80 Redes 8,800 BRL in-Caribbean Americans affinity bloc. • 2 respirador 174,00 BRL This people group is only found in • 46 cestas básicas 4,600 BRL COMMUNITY AND NATION: Brazil. Their primary language is Way- • 46 kits de higiene 2,300 BRL Wayoro / Comunidade indigena Rolim oró. • 500l fuel 2,500 BRL de Moura do Guaporé

WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: LOCATION: Food, transportation, hygiene prod- is it a non-profit? YES Alta Floresta D’Oeste, state of ucts, respirator, mattresses and nets Associação das Guerreiras indígenas Rondônia, BRAZIL (which is being used by infected indige- de Rondônia-AGIR nous people will be burned) Vetted by Avaaz? YES Vetted by community: YES Vetted by a third party: YES WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? Leading field operations, providing coordination GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION

Country and city of registration: HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY BRAZIL, Cacoal/Rondônia. REACHING? 46 indigenous families of 3 peoples Language: Portuguese

HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS WORK? ADDRESS: 2 months

TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) 192,000 BRL

IN USD (TOTAL) 36,200 USD Protecting the Earth’s First 44 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: proximately 1,800 Waorani inhabi- HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS 16 Avaaz already supported this nation tants; (2) Masks, gloves and alcohol for WORK? via a humanitarian grant to CONFENI- 411 families; (3) Reserve fund for 1 month. WAORANI AE but there are other new needs that emergencies: freight of canoes, vans now require additional fundings. The and light aircraft in the case the sick Waorani are now facing several chal- must be taken to hospital centers. TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) COMMUNITY AND NATION: lenges, such as misinformation, prob- 5,000 USD Waorani lems in understanding the severity of the epidemic, control of mobility, pro- WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? vision of food and medicine and ab- A contingency preparedness and pre- IN USD (TOTAL) LOCATION: sence of an intercultural health sys- vention plan is being activated in re- 5,000 USD Various areas in Amazonian Eastern tem of the State with the capacity to sponse. The prevention guide for the ECUADOR look after them. There are high points 54 communities was prepared with a prone to contagion: Shellpare, Araju- series of protocols with which to train ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) no, Shiripuno, Dayuma, Pompeii, in the communities, reports are made Coca, San Pedro, Chonta Punta and through meetings in each community, • Purchase of food provisions (Kits # 1 Tena. It is feared that the community videos and radio programs on the im- for emergency supply in the commu- members, in their urgency to go out to pacts of Covid-19 and the importance nities within the Waorani territory in buy products, could contract the dis- of quarantine; pop-up food kits are the province of Pastaza. Kit cost $ ease in some populated center and distributed; Biosafety teams are dis- 13.60 for 362 families (total: 1,500 take it to the community. tributed, responsible community per- USD). The Waorani organizations decided to sonnel are organized, and are coordi- • Purchase of food provisions (Kits # 2 restrict the movement of people in nated with the Health Ministry. for emergency supply for families the territory and through their com- They’re also looking to ensure the living in the neighborhood Nuevo munity organizations control that safety of the lives of the Pekenani (wis- Amanecer in the canton Shell people stay in the communities, that er elders) through an adequate sani- provincia of Pastaza (total: 1,500 no one leaves or enters, that there are tary fence and isolation of the com- USD). no parties or meetings. But the popu- munities, the provision of food and • Purchase of medicine kits to supply lation, especially young people, have organized care in cases of contagion, the emergency in Pastaza - parac- not believed that the virus is capable and the mobilization of the sick, with- etamol, thermometers (total: 2,000 of seriously affecting them, and they in a period of time, as well ensuring USD). go to populated centers to buy food measures of food autonomy. • Mobilization of food within the without any protection. communities of the territory (covered). HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? REACHING? There are four thousand people who 309 families (women: 421; men: 413; require: (1) Food that is not produced children: 313; pikenanis: 165). locally, such as salt, rice, and goods such as batteries, matches, candles for the 22 communities of Pastaza, ap- Protecting the Earth’s First 45 | Responders from Covid-19

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 16 is it a non-profit? YES CONCONAWEP Country and city of registration: WAORANI ECUADOR, Puyo

PARTNERS/SUPPORTING Language: ORGANIZATIONS: Spanish Amazon Frontlines, Ceibo Alliance (Economic and Technical advise) and NAWE (political and technical orienta- tion). Vetted by Avaaz? NO Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES

REFERENCES FROM ALLIED AND TRUSTED ORGANIZATIONS: UNDP (Ecuador): , Protecting the Earth’s First 46 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: entry doors to the rest of the commu- Waorani territory, and thus protect 17 The AMWAE board of directors, in a nities of the territory and it is of vital the elderly or Pikenane people who permanent and joint work with the importance to take actions that allow they lack defenses against this type of WAORANI WOMEN other Waorani organizations, has de- communities to prepare for a possible virus. In the Waorani people there are tected that 15 of the 58 communities in outbreak of Covid-19. already antecedents of epidemics that (ECUADOR) the Waorani territory are in imminent put this recently contacted indige- danger of Covid-19 infections, as they nous people on the brink of extermi- COMMUNITY AND NATION: are settlements close to oil fields, pop- WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? nation. Waorani / Women led project ulated centers and cities such as Fran- Urgent needs are: (1) groceries, staples On the other hand, in coordinated Location: cisco de Orellana (El Coca), Tena and like salt, matches, sugar, candles; (2) management with the Waorani grass- Shell, Pastaza and various areas in Puyo, places where the rate of people personal hygiene implements such as roots organizations and the Nationali- Eastern Amazonian area of ECUADOR with infections is increasingly higher. toilet soap, sanitary napkins, dispos- ty government council, they have pre- In Pompeya in the area of influence of able diapers, garbage bags, shampoo; pared action protocols against Block 16 there are already two con- (3) cleaning products such as chlo- Covid-19 adapted to the reality of the firmed cases of non-Waorani affected rine, alcohol, laundry soap, and (4) communities, and are executing an in- by Covid-19. paracetamol. The most serious gap is formation and prevention campaign Due to insertion in market logic, and that no community has alcohol, chlo- for all available means. The technical the division of ecosystems with the in- rine, biosafety equipment, basic med- teams of AMWAE, CONCONAWEP and creased pressure on forest resources, icines to face possible positive cases. NAWE are working hand in hand Waorani communities need essential adapting the health protocols issued products and go out to supply them- by WHO, CONFENIAE and other orga- selves in populated centers, increas- WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? nizations allied to the reality of the ing the risk that Covid-19 reaches our In coordination with regional organi- Waorani territory, and are designing territories, where there are no health zations, the Waorani organizations alternatives to disseminate this mate- services with the capacity to care for took measures such as the prohibition rial, carrying out a census to calculate patients with severe respiratory disor- of entry and exit to and from Waorani how many families need basic neces- ders, access is difficult, and even more territory. In addition, they requested sities, and at the same time looking for so with the restrictions imposed in the the oil company authorities to regu- the most efficient ways for the cultur- context of pandemic prevention mea- late the entry of personnel to what is ally pertinent dissemination of all the sures. At the moment, all the commu- strictly necessary, applying biosafety information and protocols around the nities of the territory require basic protocols. They have also requested Covid-19. products: matches, salt, soap, sani- the pertinent governmental instances tary napkins, diapers, to stay at home. to pay attention for this emergency. The 290 families from the communi- Unfortunately until now, the response ties of Yawepare, Nampaweno, Tobe- has been partial and above all uncoor- ta, Miwaguno, in the province of Orel- dinated. There are no clear coordina- lana; Obepare, Daypare, Toñampare, tion mechanisms, so the organiza- Nemompare, Meñepare, Tepapare, tions are constantly seeking support, Dayuno, Kenaweno, Tiwino, Bataboro since it is urgent to protect the com- in the province of Pastaza and in munities considered highly vulnera- Napo, Konipare and Gareno, are the ble, which are the entry points to the Protecting the Earth’s First 47 | Responders from Covid-19

HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: 17 REACHING? is it a non-profit? YES 290 families (women: 450; men: 385; Asociación de Mujeres Waorani de la WAORANI WOMEN Youth: 192). Amazonía Ecuatoriana (AMWAE) (ECUADOR) HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS PARTNERS/SUPPORTING WORK? ADDRESS: ORGANIZATIONS: 2 months. CODESPA Foundation, Ecociencia Foundation, Pro-Amazonia, Aldea Foundation, TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) Vetted by Avaaz? NO 5,000 USD Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES

IN USD (TOTAL) References from allied and trusted 5,000 USD organizations:

GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) Country and city of registration: • Printing of informative material for ECUADOR, Shell the 15 most vulnerable communities and the rest of the communities (total: Language: 1,000 USD) Spanish • Coordination and technical assistance for the emergency (total: 500 USD) • Leadership work in communities (covered) • Acquisition and delivery of basic food kits, cleaning products and paracetamol (total: 2,500 USD) • Acquisition and delivery of EPP and logistics cost Mobilization (total: 1,000 USD). Protecting the Earth’s First 48 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? charge of receiving the products and 18 In the Playa de Oro commune, during The Playa de Oro community has an delivering them to the community. the health emergency caused by immediate need for food, personal Lastly, the delivery of gloves and PLAYA DE ORO Covid-19, activities such as tourism, hygiene products, cleaning products, masks to those who leave has been co- which is among the main economic masks - alcohol. We also consider it ordinated with the health center, how- COMMUNE activities of the commune, have been important to be taken into account to ever the provisions made by the Minis- (ECUADOR) paralyzed, and although agricultural access the Covid voucher provided by try of Health are already running out. activity has continued, families’ in- the government, however it would be COMMUNITY AND NATION: comes have been affected. To this we difficult to collect it because the bene- Playa de Oro Commune must add that access by itself with lim- ficiaries would have to mobilize to Es- HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY itations to the commune and that with meraldas or San Lorenzo. It is estimat- REACHING? current mobility restrictions make it ed that a supply would be needed 80 families (women: 200; men: 200 -- LOCATION: difficult to acquire food and supplies. immediately every 15 days to the 400 both 50% covered; youth: 80) Playa de Oro, ECUADOR There is also concern for those people people / 80 families, who are part of who are hypertensive or diabetic in the community. the commune, as they would repre- HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS sent a risk group if Covid-19 was regis- WORK? ADDRESS: tered in the commune. At the mo- WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? 2 months. ment, the community has At the moment the community how implemented a biweekly list of the prevention and action protocols food requirements and supplies for against Covid-19 have implemented TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) cleaning and hygiene of the families of actions such as restricting the entry of 5,000 USD the community to make purchases strangers to our community, in addi- from suppliers in Borbón and San Lo- tion, relatives living outside have been renzo, who bring the products to the called to indicate that they cannot en- IN USD (TOTAL) community, where members of the ter the community until the situation 5,000 USD board is responsible for collecting and is regularized and the risk goes down. taking them to the community. Al- Community meetings and assemblies though food and other supplies have have been suspended and have been ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) been acquired so far, the drop in fami- replaced by door-to-door meetings to ly income generates concern and the give information and recommenda- • Acquisition of cleaning and disinfec- need to look at other supply options. tions. The leaders are aware that peo- tion products and protection imple- In these moments it has been seen ple do not go outside the community, ments (total: 4,800 USD) with greater force that the attention of it is also difficult to leave because road • Transportation from the commune the government is directed to the cit- or river access is physically restricted to San Lorenzo (total: 200 USD) ies, the peasants continue to be an and economically unfeasible. A bi- abandoned group. weekly list of food and other supplies necessary for the community is made and the local people of Borbón and San Lorenzo are asked to bring it clos- er to the community, the leaders are in Protecting the Earth’s First 49 | Responders from Covid-19

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: 18 is it a non-profit? YES Vetted by Avaaz? NO PLAYA DE ORO Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES COMMUNE (ECUADOR) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION

Country and city of registration: ECUADOR, Playa de Oro

Language: Spanish Protecting the Earth’s First 50 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: the province and in the country, gen- nicians to continue with the applica- 19 The Kichwa village of Sarayaku in ear- erating fear of contagion. tion of the contingency plan and the ly February began prevention and The flood emergency is facing the orga- use of Covid -19 prevention protocols. SARAYAKU PEOPLES contingency work in the face of the nized work in minkas for the recon- This work requires human, financial imminent threat of Covid-19. They did struction of houses and food for the and material resources. (ECUADOR) the planning and developed commu- families who lost the chakras. Thanks to nity prevention protocols for Covid-19 self-management, funds have come to COMMUNITY AND NATION: in coordination with the IESS and the support reconstruction. However, be- WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? Sarayaku Sarayaku health center that are per- fore Covid-19 it is necessary for Saray- Sarayaku urgently needs basic neces- manently working in the parish. aku to implement its community pre- sities and sanitary supplies, biosafety Unfortunately on March 19 the Bobo- vention plans, this implies information materials such as a mask, gloves, alco- LOCATION: naza river flooded the communities of for prevention in all populated centers hol and bio-protective suits. The latter Sarayaku, Canton Puyo, Pastaza prov- this watershed, leaving more than 124 in coordination with the Ministry of are very important for people who are ince, ECUADOR families in the town of Sarayaku, Health. Preparation and distribution of in action on the front line and can be homeless, without livelihoods and natural medicine to strengthen the im- infected. It is essential for those who production due to the destruction of mune and respiratory systems, prepa- visit the communities to report on chakras, damage to infrastructure ration of information booklets in our prevention measures. The develop- such as community roads, systems language and adapted to our culture, ment of teaching materials in our lan- community piped water, schools, col- provision of bio-protective materials guage is also important, resources are lege, solar panels, pedestrian bridges and establishing own contingency pro- needed for the reproduction of mate- that were destroyed by the strongest tocols against Covid-19. rials and logistical resources for so- flood in memory in the last hundred Thanks to the decisions taken as com- cialization. years. The river rose about 15 meters munity prevention measures such as from its usual level with much sedi- the restriction of transportation and mentation caused by land and pali- circulation in the territory, there is still WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? sades carried by deforestation at the no case of Covid-19 in the communities Sarayaku has developed its own headwaters and banks of the Bonona- that make up the town of Sarayaku. health protocols and the government za and its tributaries. However, the Sarayaku Governing council requires the design and distri- In this context, Sarayaku is currently Council is managing support at the na- bution of prevention cards in Spanish experiencing two emergencies that af- tional and international levels to fulfill and Kichwa. It is also promoting the fect their coordinated response ca- the planned activities within the pre- development of natural medicine to pacities due to the limitations im- vention plan and be prepared for the strengthen the respiratory and imposed by each of the emergencies that community contingency if there are mune systems. It is also trying to gen- are so different from each other. This cases of contagion of the disease, using erate articulation and coordination is compounded by the lack of coordi- protocols own toilets. mechanisms through online coordination and support in the national An additional problem for families af- nation meetings, with the different government emergency, which does fected by the flood and for all families COEs to ensure emergency actions not come for either of the two emer- in general is that supplies as essential not only before Covid-19, but against gencies. The problems families face supplies are running out. The Saray- all health emergencies, for example due to the flood are increased by the aku Governing Council is activating due to a snake bite that requires ade- expansion of the health emergency in and encouraging its kurakas and tech- quate evacuation systems. It is also al- Protecting the Earth’s First 51 | Responders from Covid-19

locating with allied organizations the ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 19 provision of rapid tests for Covid-19, since as an indigenous people with • Orders and purchase of the indicat- Country and city of registration: SARAYAKU PEOPLES different immune systems, we are ed materials and products: 3,000 USD ECUADOR, Puyo highly vulnerable to epidemics. • Collection and coordination with (ECUADOR) public institutions for transport to the Language port: 500 USD Spanish HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY • Transportation from the port to REACHING? Sarayaku: three canoes (1,000 USD) 350 (women: 450; men: 400; Youth: • Distribution and delivery to families 200) (500 USD)

HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: WORK? ADDRESS: is it a non-profit? YES de( facto) 1 month. Comunidad Sarayacu

TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) PARTNERS/SUPPORTING 5,000 USD ORGANIZATIONS: Amazon Watch, Land is Life, Switf Foundation and Oro Verde IN USD (TOTAL) Vetted by Avaaz? NO 5,000 USD Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES

REFERENCES FROM ALLIED AND TRUSTED ORGANIZATIONS: UNDP (Ecuador): ICCA Consortium: Protecting the Earth’s First 52 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY 20 In the Ancestral Commune of Agua The immediate need in the commune REACHING? Blanca, families face problems such as is the supply of food, personal hy- 94 (women: 160; men: 150; youth: 15) AGUA BLANCA the reduction of economic income by giene products, cleaning products, paralyzing tourist activity, and the null medicines, masks, gloves, alcohol, COMMUNITY commercialization of crops and minor and local medical care mechanisms. HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS (ECUADOR) animal products. The supply of prod- WORK? ADDRESS: ucts has been complicated, the identity 1 month. COMMUNITY AND NATION: card digit does not coincide with the WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? Agua Blanca available means of transportation digit. Nothing has been proposed at the mo- Neither have the merchants, who are ment, as the Governing Council is TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) supplying food to the commune, en- planning to meet to manage with the 5,000 USD LOCATION: tered the territory before the health few resources of the communal fund Agua Blanca, ECUADOR emergency. There is also difficulty in the purchase of food and delivery of obtaining safe passages for citizens to these rations to all the families of the IN USD (TOTAL) move. There is no medical attention in commune. 5,000 USD the community, and there is fear of going to consultations and medical attention in Puerto López because there are ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL) chances of contagion and taking the virus to the commune. • Acquisition of food and cleaning The commune has organized to pro- products for the basket. mote various measures to control the entry and exit of the community, in order to reduce the risk of contagion. IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: As the Governing Council has contact- is it a non-profit? YES ed the provincial GAD to request pro- Comunidad Agua Blanca tection kits, however, it was directed Vetted by Avaaz? NO to contact the COE and then the par- Vetted by community? YES ish GAD. A list of 28 people in vulnera- Vetted by a third party? YES ble situations (22 older adults and 6 people with disabilities) was delivered to the GAD, after which no communi- REFERENCES FROM ALLIED AND cation has been received. Help was re- TRUSTED ORGANIZATIONS: quested from the cantonal GAD to UNDP (Ecuador): provide food supplies. The Machalilla ICCA Consortium: National Park (MAE) Administrator was contacted to ask for support but no support could be made because he is isolated in Jipijapa. Protecting the Earth’s First 53 | Responders from Covid-19

20 GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION Country and city of registration: AGUA BLANCA ECUADOR, Parroquia Machalilla

COMMUNITY Language: (ECUADOR) Spanish Protecting the Earth’s First 54 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: problems that they already suffered were unable to walk and were never 21 The Shipibo-Konibo or Shipibo-Coni- on issues related to violations of their cared for. Of the 12, 7 were positive. bo people are an ethnic group of the territory, their collective rights and We believe that this community is in- COSHIKOX-SHIPIBO- Peruvian Amazon who occupy the their culture are known, now the fected by around 80% of the popula- banks of the Ucayali River. The Ucayali Covid-19 pandemic is added, which tion. This is just one more face of the KONIBO-XETEBO is a large river originating in the Andes has put them on the verge of collapse. usual discriminatory dynamics, ne- COUNCIL (PERÚ) Mountains that joins the Amazon Riv- According to official figures, they are glect and abandonment that is perpet- er in northern Peru. Shipibos live one of the indigenous populations in uating itself. COMMUNITY AND NATION: within at least 160 small communities the Peruvian Amazon with the highest Coshikox - Shipibo-Konibo-Xetebo along the Ucayali River, its tributaries, prevalence of Covid-19. From the first Council and meander lakes. Common life and cases reported in their territory until to- WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? multiple family groups are the tradi- day, the severe quarantine imposed by Capacity for health prevention and tional way in which Shipibos have the government has only brought hun- contingency, food and health items, LOCATION: lived for many generations. In the ger and other deprivations for most of capacity for emergency communica- Various, mostly in borders between past, the three groups of the Shipibo, their families. Every day they lose mem- tion and evacuation, protection and PERU, BRAZIL and BOLIVIA (exact lo- Konibo, and Xetebo were considered bers both young and old, including one security for the guardians of the for- cation) to be separate communities. Today, of their most respected leaders, the ests, and food sovereignty and recov- they mingle in a group after years of mayor of the Masisea district, Silvio ery capacity of the community. marriage, they are related to culture Valles Lomas, and many wise men and and the same linguistic family, the women of all their communities, also pano. They are the result of a series of some children have died. WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? cultural mergers between three The Peruvian State and regional gov- Local coordination in the deployment groups that were previously different ernments in all their incapacity, cor- of material and community organiz- from each other. ruption and indifference minimize the ing in the prevention and contingency The estimated population of 35,000 real numbers of those infected and of Covid-19. people and have inhabited Peru in a hide the real numbers of the deceased. cross-border environment. Their 166 For example, the elderly Shipibo-Koni- communities are distributed in the ar- bo, José Gómez Cauper, 83 years old, HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY eas along the Ucayali River and its died on May 9 in the Yarinacocha Dis- REACHING? tributaries (Pisqui, Callería, Aguaytía, trict, Ucayali region, but legally he is Covering 35,000 people in 166 com- Pachitea), and on the banks of the still alive because there are no resourc- munities. Imiria and Yarina lakes. The common es to process his death certificate. territory extends from the mouth of Furthermore, the methodology of the white lands in the province of conducting rapid tests in indigenous Ucayali to the mouth of the Río Cuen- communities is not statistically signifi- ca in the current province of Atalaya, cant because the random variable is transcending the boundaries of the not used. For example, in the Caimito Loreto, Ucayali and Huánuco regions. community where residents are 800 Even on the border of Bolivia and Bra- people, they only gave the rapid test zil, Shipibo communities live in the to 12 people, after summoning them department of Madre de Dios. All the in a communal place. The seriously ill Protecting the Earth’s First 55 | Responders from Covid-19

HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION 21 WORK? ADDRESS: is it a non-profit? YES 60 days for immediate emergency Legally established under Peruvian Country and city of registration: COSHIKOX-SHIPIBO- work and 12 months for medium / law, at Registro Público de Personas PERÚ, Pucallpa long-term projects. Jurídicas (Oficina registral de Pucall- KONIBO-XETEBO pa): Partida N.- 1149015 – RUC Language: COUNCIL (PERÚ) 20393575779. Spanish TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) Coshikox -- Shipibo-Konibo-Xetebo 355,000 PEN Council Vetted by Avaaz? NO Vetted by community? YES IN USD (TOTAL) Vetted by a third party? YES 99,912 USD

REFERENCES FROM ALLIED AND ITEMS AND COSTS (USD) TRUSTED ORGANIZATIONS: ICCA Consortium: • Urgent and immediate prevention Amazon Watch and care (29,640 USD) • Food and medical supplies (17,800 USD) • Emergency and evacuation communications (14,460 USD) • Protection and security of forest guardians (22,000 USD) • Food sovereignty and resilience of the community (16,012 USD) Protecting the Earth’s First 56 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: uation like this. Therefore, it is im- and cities to receive money from gov- 22 The Autonomous Territorial Govern- portant for the GTANW to maintain ernment social programs, which has ment of the Wampis Nation - GTANW territorial control and cover the basic exposed them to the virus and caused WAMPIS NATION represents 85 Wampi communities, in needs of people in the communities, the first cases of Covid-19 to be regis- the North-Peruvian Amazon, in the limit the flow into the communities of tered in Wampis territory. (PERÚ) Kanús (Santiago) and Kankaim (Moro- Wampis people who return from cit- na) river basins, in the Amazonas and ies and populated centers. COMMUNITY AND NATION: Loreto regions, respectively. The HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY Wampi nation GTANW was formed in 2015 as an au- REACHING? tonomous indigenous institution not WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? Up to 15,000 people (priority criteria subject to any other, within the frame- Right now, there are three: (1) evolving as situation on the ground LOCATION: work of the exercise of the right of in- Strengthen the Surveillance control unfolds and scenarios are very fluid). Wampis autonomous area, northern digenous peoples to self-determina- system during the state of sanitary PERU tion, stipulated in international emergency due to Covid-19 in border instruments. In 2017, the GTANW noti- areas and the Wampis Territory; (2) HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS fied the Peruvian State of its existence Supply basic food items not possible WORK? ADDRESS: and exercise of autonomy. Covid-19 is to obtain in the area the local popula- 1 month presenting new challenges now: the tion and the Wampis population lack of dialogue and coordination on stranded in cities; and (3) Cover trans- the part of the Ministry of Culture portation and other unforeseen emer- played a role against the indigenous gency actions in Wampis territory. peoples, for whose rights to health the Vice-Ministry of Interculturality must have ensured. WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? Training is a structural need (as they The Autonomous Territorial Govern- outlined in their press release) but ment of the Wampís Nation is one of above all, they need the health posts the Amazonian indigenous institu- located in their territories to be sup- tions that early implemented mea- plied with medicines, medical securi- sures to control the spread of Sars- ty materials and adequate equipment cov-2 in its territory, such as closing to attend to patients with Covid-19, in borders, implementing vigilance com- order to stop possible contagion in the mittees with the Peruvian Army, and communities and safeguard them- forming a Multisectoral Commission selves. Their health posts have few im- on the Santiago River to coordinate plements, both in infrastructure and actions with cultural relevance in the in biosafety materials. Unfortunately, area. due to structural racism in Peru, the They have managed through strict ter- health gap is immense in indigenous ritorial control to control the spread territories, so the few health posts do of Covid-19 in its territories but the not have the necessary infrastructure economic need of people has led to care for the population during a sit- them to move to populated centers Protecting the Earth’s First 57 | Responders from Covid-19

TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) REFERENCES FROM ALLIED AND 22 62,8000 PEN TRUSTED ORGANIZATIONS: ICCA Consortium: WAMPIS NATION Amazon Watch IN USD (TOTAL) (PERÚ) 18,000 USD GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION

ITEMS AND COSTS (USD) Country and city of registration: PERÚ, not legally registered • Gallons, cushions and motorists daily payment (total: 4,000 USD) Language: • Personal equipment / kits (total: Spanish 7,500 USD) • Groceries (basic food) for communities (total: 5,500 USD) • Patient transportation, coordination transportation (1,000 USD)

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: is it a non-profit? NO Wampi nation

ORGANIZATIONS THAT SUPPORT THE WORK OF THE WAMPI NATION: IWGIA, Equidad, International Ricers, Earth Rights INternational, Forests Peoples Programme, ICCA Consor- tium Vetted by Avaaz? NO Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES Protecting the Earth’s First 58 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: FENAMAD made an immediate call to HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS 23 The Native Federation of Madre de Dios the member communities to close WORK? ADDRESS: and its Tributaries – FENAMAD, is the their territories to external actors and 7 months (July-December 2020). MADRE DE DIOS representative organization of the 07 in- to implement measures of immobiliza- digenous peoples (37 communities) of tion and self-isolation. To date FENA- COMMUNITIES (PERÚ) Madre de Dios in the Peruvian Ama- MAD is the main actor and facilitator in TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) zon. The institutional mission is to the promotion and implementation of 86,679 PEN COMMUNITY AND NATION: represent the collective will of indige- emergency policies in the region. Key Indigenous communities of the Madre nous peoples and communities and to this strategy is a system of epidemic de Dios river basin integrated as mem- defends indigenous rights enshrined vigilance and alerts to respond to the IN USD (TOTAL) bers of FENAMAD, the Indigenous in national legislation and internation- various contingencies on the ground, 24,615 USD Federation of the Madre de Dios river al treaties. One of the main axes of this which is run by FENAMAD and imple- and its Tributaries struggle is to ensure the tenure of our mented in coordination with the com- territories, to guarantee the exercise munities and government institutions. ITEMS AND COSTS (USD) of self-determination, and as a guar- LOCATION: antee of the existence of the genera- • Medical Aid Kit for communal health Madre de Dios basin, Triple Border: tions of our peoples. The organisation WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? agents (agentes comunitarios de PERU/BOLIVIA/BRAZIL (exact loca- attends to the collective demands, re- FENAMAD identifies as one of the salud) tion) directs actions, makes feasible and fa- main weaknesses in the current con- cilitates the actions before public and text the lack of medical personnel and private institutions. resources in the health posts of the IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: All 37 communities represented by communities. In this particular pro- is it a non-profit? YES FENAMAD are currently at a high risk posal, FENAMAD is asking for support Legally established under Peruvian of being affected by Covid-19. Around to strengthen the work of the desig- law, at Registro Público de Personas one third of the communities are al- nated local health agents in the com- Jurídicas (Oficina registral de Cusco): ready affected with positive cases re- munities, providing them a Medical FENAMAD- Federación Nativa del Río ported among its populations, includ- Kit, including medicines and biosecu- Madre de Dios y Afluentes ing cases in serious conditions and rity protective equipment. Vetted by Avaaz? NO several deceased. As the virus spreads Vetted by community? YES in the communities, the risks also in- Vetted by a third party? YES crease for other indigenous groups WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? who live in voluntary isolation and ini- Local coordination in the deployment tial contact, as there is a higher of material and community organiz- chance of transmission of the disease ing in the prevention and contingency to these highly vulnerable popula- of Covid-19. tions, who are particularly susceptible to epidemic diseases. Along with other indigenous organiza- HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY tions of the Peruvian Amazon, in re- REACHING? sponse to the declaration of the Around 5,000 people in 37 Covid-19 as a pandemic by the WHO, communities. Protecting the Earth’s First 59 | Responders from Covid-19

REFERENCES FROM ALLIED AND 23 TRUSTED ORGANIZATIONS: ICCA Consortium: MADRE DE DIOS SPDA Rainforest Foundation Norway COMMUNITIES (PERÚ) Rainforest Foundation UK

GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION

Country and city of registration: PERÚ, Puerto Maldonado (Madre de Dios)

Language: Spanish Protecting the Earth’s First 60 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: tion needs, exposing them to greater IN USD (TOTAL) 24 The Commonwealth of Indigenous risks, more so when the first cases of 18,000 USD Communities of the Beni, Tuichi and contagion in the nearest town Rurren- INDIGENOUS Quiquibey Rivers, created in 2001, abaque, where there are banks. brings together 17 communities of the ITEMS AND COSTS (USD) COMMUNITIES IN Mosetene, Tsimane, Leco, Tacana, BENI, TUICHI AND Esse Eja and Uchupiamona that inhabit WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? • Prevention and care emergency QUIQUIBEY RIVERS along the Beni River watershed in the Tools for prevention, surveillance and Fund (4,000 USD) Beni and La Paz Departments in Boliv- food to survive during the quarantine. • Strengthen the system of control of (BOLIVIA) ia. It is a legitimate grassroots organiza- surveillance tion that defends and protects their • (3,000 USD) COMMUNITY AND NATION: rights, their ancestral territories and WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? • Food and medical supplies Mancomunidad de Comunidades In- natural resources which are funda- This situation forces them to seek • (9,000 USD) dígenas de los Ríos Beni, Tuichi y mental to their life within the frame- their own means to avoid as possible • Logistic and transportation (1,000 Quiquibey work of the exercise of the right of in- massive contagions in their popula- USD) digenous peoples to tions, providing assistance with basic • Contingencies (1,000 USD) self-determination, stipulated in vari- needs products, maintaining control LOCATION: ous international instruments. of income to their territories, have Rio Beni basin, Beni and La Paz de- Given the governmental declaration of a supplies and biosecurity teams, stock IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: partments, BOLIVIA health emergency at the national level, up on medicines that allow them to be is it a non-profit? NO and exercising strict traditional forms of prepared before the start of infections Mancomunidad de Comunidades in- control of entry to the ancestral territo- on their own, since the government dígenas de los Ríos Beni, Tuichi y ries, until now it has been possible to does not even include them in the sta- Quiquibey control the spread of the Covid-19 virus tistics to assist. Vetted by Avaaz? NO into the territories. However, by losing Vetted by community? YES the sources of income with their own Vetted by a third party? YES activities such as the sale of organic agri- HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY cultural products, and the lack of ade- REACHING? quate policies to assist their indigenous Focus on the guardians that will serve REFERENCES FROM ALLIED AND populations in all areas of rights, the for the protection of 17 communities of TRUSTED ORGANIZATIONS: economic crisis is forcing to move them the Mosetene, Tsimane, Leco, Tacana, ICCA Consortium: to town centers, to access financial sup- Esse Eja and Uchupiamona peoples. ICCA Consortium: port from government social programs, whose terms are already expiring, and are exposing them to infections with the HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION virus. WORK? ADDRESS: On the other hand, the systematic 1 month. Country and city of registration: abandonment of indigenous peoples BOLIVIA, not legally registered in Bolivia has continued to omit medical assistance to the towns into their TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) Language: territories according to their protec- 124,380 Bs. Spanish Protecting the Earth’s First 61 | Responders from Covid-19

CONTEXT: WHAT IS THE BIGGEST NEED? IN USD (TOTAL) 25 Hundreds of families in central Bolivia Mainly food and very few hygiene ma- 30,000.00 USD are in urgent need of food. The cur- terials. INDIGENOUS rent Covid-19 related restrictions in Bolivia are not allowing people to ITEMS AND COSTS (LOCAL COMMUNITIES IN leave their houses to work, leaving WHAT ARE THEY DOING / PROVIDING? CURRENCY) YUCARARE, MOXEÑO, them in a fragile economical situation Fundraising abroad and coordinating QUECHUA (BOLIVIA) since these families are not able to with local leaders who will use their • Rice (47 quintals, per month): 8,695 sustain themselves without dai- cars and trucks to transport food from BOB ly-wage informal work. The govern- wholesale markets. • Sugar (47 quintals, per month): COMMUNITY AND NATION: ment is not offering aid and the local 7,990 BOB Yucarare, Moxeño, Quechua authorities have no funds. Further- • Flour (47 quintals, per month): 9,165 more, most of these families don’t HOW MANY PEOPLE ARE THEY BOB have the means nor the space to grow REACHING? • Macaroni (47 quintals, per month): LOCATION: crops, so they’re completely depen- 350 families from Pucara, San Carlos, 13,160 BOB Omereque and area of influence, Co- dent upon the help of third parties. Perereta, Peña Colorada, Quebraha- chabamba, BOLIVIA Bolivian low-income migrant women chas, Huertas, Robles, La Mesada, • Oil (60 boxes/2 L, per month): 5,340 based in the United States have been Chawjira Coral (1,750 people, with a BOB helping these families, but the lock- significant population of women, chil- • Soap (25 boxes/2kg, per month): down in the US has severely affected dren and elders). 4,750 BOB their finances and now they’re not • Logistics (Total): 3,350 BOB able to provide for their families and communities back home. Along with HOW LONG WILL THEY BE DOING THIS mothers on the ground, they built a WORK? network that constantly monitors the 4 months. needs of the people.

TOTAL (LOCAL CURRENCY) 209,800 BOB Based on interviews from the initial calculations of the local leaders, which has been verified by Avaaz’s separate cost analysis with other organizations on the ground. Protecting the Earth’s First 62 | Responders from Covid-19

IMPLEMENTATION ENTITY: ORGANIZATIONS THAT SUPPORT THE 25 Is it a non-profit? De facto. WORK OF THE NATION: There’s no legal entity operating in Local school of Omereque, Mayor of INDIGENOUS the area; the community will entrust Omereque, local indigenous unions the funds to an individual who will be and the Catholic church. COMMUNITIES IN accountable to a group of local wom- YUCARARE, MOXEÑO, en leaders. QUECHUA (BOLIVIA) Given the organic nature of this enterprise and its potential challenges, GRANTEE CANDIDATE INFORMATION Avaaz did further research to verify Country and city of registration: their own forms of reporting and also BOLIVIA, not registered. their transparency mechanisms: they have a strict policy to buy all materials in places they can issue receipts, pro- LANGUAGE: curement decisions are made by con- Spanish (only) sensus, looking for the most cost-effective buying, they also use live video-calls as a form of transparency to the donors and they report all the tickets with a basic accounting. Vetted by Avaaz? YES Vetted by community? YES Vetted by a third party? YES Protecting the Earth’s First 63 | Responders from Covid-19

1 Greenfield, P. Trust our expertise or face catastrophe, 9 The first “registered” indigenous that got Covid-19 (and 19 Moore, J. Defending Land and Water from Mining Amazon peoples warn on environment; The Guardian thankfully she didn’t die) was an indigenous health worker, Profiteers in the Time of Covid-19; Inequality.org (original (2020) on April 1 article) https://www.resilience.org/stories/2020-06-16/ Notes defending-land-and-water-from-mining-profiteers-in-the- 2 Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO 10 Amigo, I., “Las comunidades indígenas en Brasil time-of-Covid-19/ (2020) website: http://www.otca-oficial.info/amazon/our_amazon temen el impacto de la pandemia” (Indigenous (2020) communities in Brazil fear the impact of the pandemic), 20 The worst time for a pandemic: how Covid-19 and Science, doi: 10.1126 / science.368.6489.352 (2020) seasonal floods are causing hunger in the remote Amazon; 3 COICA (Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the The Conversation https://theconversation.com/ Amazon River Basin): Press Release https://coicamazonia. 11 “Disaster looms for indigenous Amazon tribes as the-worst-time-for-a-pandemic-how-coronavirus-and-sea- org/covid-19-la-inaccion-y-la-falta-de-fondos-amenaza-a- Covid-19 cases multiply”, National Geographic https://www. sonal-floods-are-causing-hunger-in-the-remote-ama- mas-de-3-millones-de-indigenas/ (2020) nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/06/disas- zon-137729 (2020) ter-looms-indigenous-amazon-tribes-covid-19-cases-multi- 4 W. Walker et al, The role of forest conversion, ply/ (2020) 21 Cannon, J. Covid-19 and rainforest fires set up potential degradation, and disturbance in the carbon dynamics of public health crisis; Mongabat https://news.mongabay. Amazon indigenous territories and protected areas. 12 Ferrante L., et al., “Proteger a los pueblos indígenas de com/2020/06/covid-19-and-rainforest-fires-set-up-poten- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences: https:// COVID-19”, Science, doi: 10.1126 / science.abc0073 (2020) tial-public-health-crisis/ (2020) www.pnas.org/content/117/6/3015 (2020) 13 Carranza, D. “Amazon indigenous woman fights virus 22 Consolidated data from the following Amazon 5 Amazonian Indigenous Peoples Territories and Their with native plants”; AA (Anadolu Agency) https://www. indigenous organizations: Coordination of Indigenous Forests Related to Climate Change: Analyses and Policy aa.com.tr/en/americas/amazon-indigenous-wom- Organizations in the Brazilian Amazon, Interethnic Options, EDF http://www.edf.org/sites/default/files/ an-fights-virus-with-native-plants/1883566 (2020) Association for the Development of the Peruvian Rainforest, indigenous-territories-barrier-to-deforestation.pdf (2017) Organization of Indigenous Peoples of the Colombian 14 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Amazon, Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of the 6 IPBES, Nature’s Dangerous Decline ‘Unprecedented’ Affairs, The Impact of Covid-19 on Indigenous Peoples Ecuadorian Amazon, Confederation of Indigenous Peoples Species Extinction Rates ‘Accelerating’. Press Release https:// https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/wp-content/ of the East, Chaco and Amazon of Bolivia, Amerindian ipbes.net/news/Media-Release-Global-Assessment#2-Indig- uploads/sites/45/publication/PB_70.pdf (2020) Peoples Association, Regional Organization of Indigenous enous (2019) Peoples of the Amazon, Organization of Indigenous People 15 Navarro, JC et al., “Covid-19 y dengue, co-epidemias en in Suriname, Federation of Indigenous Organizations in 7 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ecuador y otros países de América Latina: empujando los Guyana (NASA): Reflecting on a Tumultuous Amazon Fire Season sistemas de atención médica forzados al límite”, Travel https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/146355/ Medicine and Infectious Disease, https://doi.org/10.1016/j. 23 By “Groups”, Avaaz refers to: a first nation entity, an reflecting-on-a-tumultuous-amazon-fire-season (2020) tmaid.2020.101656 (2020). specific indigenous community, a group of indigenous communities working together, an enterprise from a 8 Remarks from Dr. Carissa F. Etienne, Director of the 16 Baumgartner, MT., “Distanciamiento social y non-profit, a joint-operation between civil society Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and Regional restricción de movimiento como los factores más probables organizations and indigenous communities or any other Director for the Americas of the World Health Organization para el control del brote de Covid-19 en Brasil”, preprint, form of organized response to the Covid-19 crisis. (WHO): “we are increasingly worried about the poor and https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.05.02.20088013; Fernán- other vulnerable groups at greatest risk of illness and death dez-Niño JA et al. “Recomendaciones para la respuesta from the virus the recent spike in cases and fatalities is contra Covid-19 en contextos migratorios bajo una frontera partly due to the virus taking root in these groups; this cerrada: el caso de Colombia” . Biomédica.2020; 40 includes indigenous groups living in the Amazon basin (Supl.2): pp. https://doi.org/10.7705/biomedica.5512 (2020) which is home to over 2,400 indigenous territories across eight countries these groups live in both isolated villages 17 World Economic Forum (WEF) How coronavirus is with minimal access to health services or in densely affecting indigenous people in the Amazon https://www. populated cities such as Manaus Iquitos and Leticia we have weforum.org/agenda/2020/04/indigenous-people-ama- already confirmed 20,000 cases of Covid-19 in the provinces zon-coronavirus-pandemic-covid19-support/ (2020) that form the among the amazon basin where the incidence tends to be twice as high as compared to other states in the 18 Highlights on Security and Protection Measures of same countries without immediate action these Amazonian Indigenous Defenders and Lands; All Eyes on communities will face a disproportionate impact.” https:// the Amazon (Hivos/Greenpeace) https://alleyesontheama- youtu.be/Fozu2c1A5X8 (2020) zon.org/resource/1214/ (2020) Protecting the Earth’s First 64 | Responders from Covid-19

World Health Organization: various documents, maps ICCA Consortium: various documents including: Alert: and resources (2020) - www.who.int Oil Company GeoPark Puts Indigenous Wampis at Risk of COVID-19 Contagion and Threatens Territorial General Pan American Health Organization: various Integrity - https://www.iccaconsortium.org/ documents, maps and resources (2020) - www.paho.org Forest Peoples Programme (FPP): various documents, Amazon Geo-Referenced Socio-Environmental including: (1) Covid-19 pandemic heightens risks for forest references Information Network (RAISG): various documents, peoples already in threatening situations; (2) Indigenous maps and resources (2020) - https://www.amazoniasocio- Peoples propose safety protocol to tackle COVID-19 in ambiental.org/en/ Peruvian Amazon; (3) Coronavirus in the Peruvian Amazon: from state inaction to Indigenous Peoples’ Amnesty International: various documents, including: lifesaving responses to protect life; (4) Peru: Wampis Nation (1) Land seizures and COVID-19: the twin threats to Brazil’s files a complaint against oil company GeoPark for Indigenous Peoples; (2) Colombia: Indigenous Peoples will increasing risks of COVID-19; and (5) Coronavirus and die from COVID-19 or from hunger if the state does not act forest communities (2020) - https://www.forestpeoples.org/ immediately; (3) Ecuador: Covid-19 threatens indigenous peoples’ lives (2020) - www.amnesty.org Survival International: various documents, including: (1) Gold miners kill two Yanomami men, fears of further Oxfam International: various documents, including: bloodshed; (2) A recently-contacted tribe is the ‘most Coronavirus could have a devastating impact on land infected’ in Brazil; (3) Yanomami launch global campaign rights, but it doesn’t have to (2020) - www.oxfam.org as goldminers and Covid-19 endanger entire tribe; (4) Miners, loggers target uncontacted tribes’ lands under Médecins Sans Frontières (various documents, cover of Covid-19 (2020 - https://www.survivalinternational. including: (1) Brazil’s COVID-19 nightmare is far from under org/ control; (2) Brazil: catastrophic-covid-19-outbreak is affecting the most-neglected communities (2020) - www.msf. Other sources org Various communications via email, Zoom, WhatsApp and Human Rights Watch: various documents, including: (1) phone with indigenous leaders from COICA, COIAB, Colombia Should Protect Displaced People During Covid-19; AIDESEP, CIDOB, CONFENIAE, ORPIA and staffers from (2) COVID-19 and Children’s Rights (2020) - www.hrw.org EDS, Amazon Emergency Fund, Amazon Watch, Amazon Frontlines, Rainforest Foundation US and other National Council of Nurses of Brazil: various organizations. documents, maps and resources - http://www.cofen.gov.br/ Various communications via phone to second parties (and Inter-American Commission on Human Rights (2013). interpreters) with a simultaneous communication with a Indigenous Peoples In Voluntary Isolation And Initial third party via HF (local indigenous leaders from northern, Contact In The Americas: Recommendations For Full central and eastern Brazil, southern Venezuela, eastern Respect For Your Human Rights (Spanish): http://www.oas. Peru and central and eastern Bolivia). org/es/cidh/indigenas/docs/pdf/Informe-Pueblos-Indige- nas-Aislamiento-Voluntario.pdf Various communications via Signal, Telegram, Wire and Surespot with government staffers from the ministries of Amazonia: New Paths for the Church and for an environment, health, defense, citizenship and indigenous Integral Ecology (final document, Special Assembly of the affairs of Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, Synod of Bishops for the Pan-Amazon Region - 6 to 27 Colombia, Suriname, Guiana and French Guiana. October, 2019), Vatican City www.synod.va/content/ sinodoamazonico/en/documents/final-document-of-the-amazon-synod.html Appendix

COURTESY EDS Protecting the Earth’s First 66 | Responders from Covid-19

Appendix From dedicated local leaders who work day and night to bring tight coordination with all the members of this coalition, food and medicine to the most remote areas of the Amazon, to pooling resources and sharing the work of raising and direct- the creativity in the coordination between organizations to ing rapid response grants to indigenous and forest communi- make the best use of the resources (e.g. EDS setting up health ties and grassroots organizations in the Amazon. units with funds from Avaaz, bringing materials donated by Medecins Sans Frontieres and deployed with a Greenpeace The Fund has raised USD 2.3 million and the coalition is plane). What we’re seeing is an incredible effort to make things actively pursuing additional financial support from govern- happen in the most impactful, effective, and efficient way. ments, foundations, partner organizations and individuals to meet the goal of $5 million by the end of July. 100% of these As the fire seasons are starting, it’s important to remember funds are being channeled directly to Indigenous peoples that every donor has a role to play in this unprecedented and traditional communities on the ground across the Ama- moment in history. In the current situation, Avaaz recom- zon to provide relief from the devastating effects of Covid-19. mends consideration of three approaches to the decision Additionally, the Founding Solidarity Circle members making process of grantmaking that could complement the of the AEF have channeled more than USD 2 million division, priorities or strategic direction of donors: rectly to Indigenous and local partners across the Ama- zon (including all of Avaaz’s grants totaling over a million US Direct grant-making to indigenous peoples at the local dollars). level: in the Appendix there are 25 indigenous communities and organizations that are operating at the local level The Fund is fiscally sponsored by the Rainforest Foundation who are in urgent need. In total, there’s a current shortage U.S. Grants and governance decisions are carried out under of funds of 1,303,509 USD, as mentioned in the section strict coordination and communication by an established “Proposals”. Governing Council which includes indigenous leaders from COICA and its member organizations, representatives of par- Allocating funds to the Amazon Emergency Fund: a coali- ticipating NGOs, donors, and advisors who together have tion of civil society organizations created a common platform formed the Founding Solidarity Circle. The Fund also has a to receive funds in order to create a coordinated and transpar- Circle of advisors composed of organizations and individuals ent funding flow. Avaaz is part of that effort. with a proven track record to guide and support effective grant making strategies. To join the Founding Solidarity Cir- As the fire seasons Funding specific international NGOs: there are national cle and make a major gift, or to recommend grantees, please and international non-governmental organizations with a contact: . are starting, it’s track record of effective implementation for either humani- important to tarian response, advocacy impact and efficient re-granting. remember that The Amazon Emergency Fund every donor has a The Amazon Emergency Fund (AEF) is a newly-formed do- nor collaborative working in close coordination with COICA role to play in this and its nine national organizations, as well as partners and al- unprecedented lies across the Amazon and around the world, to support the emergency Covid-19 response. Avaaz has been part of that ef- moment in history. fort from the beginning and we are continuing to work in Protecting the Earth’s First 67 | Responders from Covid-19

Appendix National and international organizations EDS (Expedicionários da Saúde) supporting local efforts EDS priority in delivering UAPIs is based on the prevalence Besides the organizations on the ground, Avaaz is also in of Covid-19 cases in each locality: the spread of Covid-19 is constant touch with key national and international partner increasing at an alarming rate and migrating from large city organizations that also work together with partners at the centers to the deepest regions of the Amazon forest. The grassroots level. It can be hard to sincerely assess the im- further the disease travels, the higher the costs of delivering pact of groups both on the ground and internationally, es- these units to the remote communities that need them the pecially amidst the language barriers, the potential for over most. claiming, and the lack of available data. Below is our assess- The cost of a basic UAPI capable of assisting up to 10 corona- ment of the best in class groups: virus patients is around USD15,000; however, this figure may easily double in even more remote areas The greatest short term adversity EDS faces is the increased cost of transportation as they begin to travel deeper and deeper into the forest in order to reach geographically isolated areas, this is why more financial support is crucial in order to continue their critical work of implementing UAPIs and preparing EDS setting up health the indigenous communities of the Amazon region with the necessary equipment and medical treatments to face this units with funds pandemic. EDS would need more than 600,000 USD to provide very from Avaaz, bringing basic capacity to several health districts in Brazil. materials donated by More information: click here. Medecins Sans Frontieres and deployed with a Greenpeace plane: what we’re seeing is an incredible effort to make things happen in the most impactful, effective, and efficient way. Protecting the Earth’s First 68 | Responders from Covid-19

Appendix Amazon Frontlines Amazon Watch

Amazon Frontlines is working alongside indigenous organi- As the Amazon biome faces a tipping point of ecological col- zations in Ecuador’s Amazon, and in the border areas of lapse and the Covid-19 pandemic spreads into indigenous Peru and Colombia, to ensure that indigenous communities communities and territories, AW is taking action in re- and nationalities, who exist largely beyond the reach of the sponse to the calls and demands of Indigenous peoples state, can effectively manage and respond to this crisis. across the Amazon, they are calling for respect for rights, They are building a model that combines urgent humanitar- lives and territories that are increasingly threatened by ian relief (leveraging a decade of logistical experience in the land-grabbers, extractive activities, agribusiness expan- region) with cutting edge strategies on indigenous gover- sion, governments, corporations, international financiers, nance, rights protection, and resilience. and now the Covid-19 pandemic. Over the last months they have worked to deliver urgent AW has also expanded direct support and coordination medical supplies and food provisions, scale testing capaci- with partners on the ground across the Amazon, including ty, build out communications infrastructure, fortify indige- legal and communications capacity, and distribution of nous territorial lockdowns, and have made significant over $1 million in rapid response grants via their Amazon headway on securing legal protections and compelling gov- Defenders Fund to support women defenders, stop fires ernment action in a time of national emergency. Impor- and prevent Covid-19. tantly, they are also focused on supporting the long-term re- AW has also expanded their global advocacy and communi- silience of indigenous communities to help them reduce cation campaigns in coordination with indigenous and in- exposure to the virus, and to envision environmentally ternational allies, including over 250 organizations who friendly economic recovery packages. signed a global call for an immediate moratorium on all ex- Their key indigenous partners include: the Ceibo Alliance - tractive activities in the Amazon. an indigenous led NGO of four ancestral nations, CONAIE More information: Click here. (Ecuador’s national indigenous federation), CONFENAIE (Ec- uador’s Amazonian regional indigenous federation) and • Language: English, Spanish FCUNAE, the Kichwa federation of the Napo region.

• Language: English, Spanish Protecting the Earth’s First 69 | Responders from Covid-19

Appendix Rainforest Foundation US COICA (Coordinator of the Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon Basin) Rainforest Foundation US is currently supporting ORPIO (in Peru) and CIR (in Brazil), two partner organizations that COICA is an indigenous organization of international con- have called for their support and that they know will carry vergence that guides its efforts towards the promotion, pro- out the urgent work needed. Neither ORPIO nor CIR waited tection and security of indigenous peoples and territories for national declarations or for their governments to take through the defense of their ways of life, principles and val- action. They saw the threat and immediately stepped up to ues. social, spiritual and cultural. COICA is made up of the the challenge. following national indigenous federations in the basin: ORPIO, the Indigenous People’s Organization of the Eastern AIDESEP (Peru), APA (Guyana), CIDOB Organica (Bolivia), Amazon (Organización Regional de los Pueblos Indígenas COIAB (Brazil), CONFENIAE (Ecuador), FOAG (French Gui- del Oriente) is in urgent need of support to purchase fuel, ana), OIS (Suriname), OPIAC (Colombia) and ORPIA (Vene- food, and medicine for numerous indigenous communities. zuela). Additionally, ORPIO is seeking donations to assist indige- COICA has identified key necessary actions for the Covid-19 nous peoples who have been stranded in towns and are un- response including a campaign to disseminate information able to return to their communities due to the travel ban. about the virus and precautions in local languages; health CIR (Conselho Indígena de Roraima or the Indigenous security and PPE equipment; establishment of protocols to Council of Roraima), the main representative indigenous secure and monitor territories, including provision of nec- organization in the Northern Brazilian Amazon state of Ror- essary equipment; specific programs to protect orders; and aima, is asking for support to purchase food, medical sup- joint advocacy to national governments. COICA already re- plies, and fuel for isolated communities. They also need leased a set of demands to national governments to support protective equipment for indigenous health workers and indigenous communities in their Covid-19 responses and others actively protecting their territories from outsiders. protect internationally recognized rights, but governments Rainforest Foundation US also supports indigenous com- are failing to follow these demands. munities in Guiana and, besides their specific line of work, In late May, COICA declared a state of emergency and since they also play a key role in the Amazon Emergency Fund as then their leadership is developing a “post-Covid” regional fiscal sponsor of this collective effort. strategy to respond to the outbreak and its future ramifica- More information here tions, while seeking international solidarity and support. Avaaz is working very closely with their leadership in sever- • Language: English, Spanish al workstreams. More information on COICA click here

• Language Spanish, English About Avaaz

Avaaz is a people-powered movement with more than 60 million members around the world, actively campaigning on the most crucial issues of our times and in diverse critical agendas: protecting human rights, combating disinfor- mation, tackling hate speech, fundraising for local development, supporting humanitarian enterprises, and working to protect the environment. Over more than a decade since our founding, our members have been deeply involved in thousands of global and national efforts to preserve our planet, hand in hand with indigenous peoples, local communities, and grassroots organizations.