EIA Report of Hotel Saffron CK, Butwal

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) STUDY of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. Butwal Sub-Metropolitanctiy-8, Rupandehi District, Province No.-5

Submitted To Ministry of Forests and Environment (MoFE), Singhadurbar, Kathmandu

Submitted Through Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation Department of Tourism Bhrikutimandap, Kathmandu, Nepal

Submitted By: Prepared by: Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. Abhiyanta Solutions Pvt. Ltd Sukkhanagar, Butwal SMC-08, Rupandehi Bijulibazaar-11, Kathmandu Province-5, Nepal Phone: 9841550425 Phone: +977-9847057342 E-mail: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

SEPTEMBER, 2020 EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

कार्यकारी सारा車श != k|:tfjs k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] k|:tfjs xf]6n ;]k|mg l;=s] k|f=ln = xf] . k|:tfjssf] k"/f ljj/0f tn lbOPsf] 5 . k|:tfjssf] gfd tyf 7]ufgf M xf]6n ;]k|mg ;Ls] k|f=ln= ;'Svfgu/, a'6jnpkdxfgu/kflnsf–* ¿kGb]xL lhNnf, k|b]z g+= % kmf]gM (*$&)%&#$@ Od]nM [email protected] @= k[i7e"ld k|:tfljt cfof]hgf sDkgL P]g, @)^# cg';f/ xf]6n ;]k|mg l;=s] k|f=ln sf] gfddf btf{ ePsf] 5 h;sf] btf{ g+ @)@&&)÷)&%÷)&^ /x]sf] 5 . k|:tfljt xf]6n g]kfnsf] k|b]z g+ % cGt{ut kg]{ ?kGb]xL lhNnfsf] a'6jn pk–dxfgu/kflnsf j8f g+= *, ;'Vvfgu/df cjl:yt 5 . k|:tfljt ejg cf7 tNnfsf] x'g]5 o;sf cltl/Qm b'O{j6f a];d]G6df kfls{Ë klg /xg]5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfsf] s'n lgdf{0f If]q *$(^=^% ju{ ld6/ 5 eg] hDdf hUufsf] If]qkmn %$(&=%! ju{ ld6/ /xg] 5 . o; ejg leq *! j6f sf]7fx? /xg] 5g\ h;df !#) a]8 /xg]5g\ . ejg ckfË d}qL ;+/rgfo'Qm /xg]5 . cfsl:ds clUg lgoGq0fsf] nflu kmfo/ Oli6ªUo';/, kmfo/ xfO{8«G6\; cflb pks/0fx? /xg] 5g\ . e"ldut kfgLsf] >f]t ;+/If0fsf] nflu csfz] kfgL ;+sng ul/g]5 . xf]6n kl/;/ leq sl/a #@=^# k|ltzt v'Nnf If]qsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 ;fy} ;jf/L ;fwg Joj:yfkgsf] nflu k|z:t kfls{Ë If]q 5'6\ofO{Psf] 5 . #= sfg'gL jftfj/0fLo k|fjwfg jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g, @)&^ / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL, @)&& sf] lgod # ;Fu ;DalGwt cg';"rL #, ª -^_ cg';f/ @),))) ln6/ eGbf a9L b}lgs kfgLsf] k|of]u x'g] ejg lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng ug'{kg]{ ePdf tyf cg';"rL #, 5 -!_ cg';f/ !)) a]8 eGbf a9L Ifdtfsf] xf]6]n lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ug'{ k/]df clgjfo{ ?kdf jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg cWoog ug'{kg]{ k|fjwfg /x]sf] ;Gbe{df k|:tfljt xf]6nn] b}lgs @),))) ln6/ eGbf a9L -!@),))) ln6/_ kfgL k|of]u ug]{5 tyf xf]6nsf]] Ifdtf !)) a]8 eGbf dfly -!#) a]8_ ePsf]n] o; cfof]hgfsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg :jLs[ltsf] nflu k]z ul/Psf] xf] . $= cWoog ljlw k|:tfljt xf]6nsf] jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg cWoog d'VotofM :jLs[t sfo{;"rL, Jfftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)&^ / jftfj/0f ;+/If0f lgodfjnL @)&& n] c+lusf/ u/]sf k|fjwfgx?nfO{ cfwf/

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal dfg]/ ul/Psf] lyof] h; cg';f/ cWoog / :ynut cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] . k|:tfljt cfof]hgf;Fu ;DalGwt ;a} sfuhftsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/Psf] lyof] eg] Jfftfj/0fLo cWoog 6f]nLn] cfjZos tYof+sx? ;+sng ug{sf] nflu ldlt @)&^÷!!÷!% b]lv @)&^÷!!÷!* ;Dd :ynut e|d0f u/]sf] lyof] h; cGt/ut cjnf]sg, k|ZgfjnL ;j]{If0f, ;d"xut 5nkmn cflb ul/Psf] lyof] . %= jt{dfg jftfj/0fLo cj:yf s_ ef}lts jftfj/0fM cfof]hgf If]q pi0f hnjfo' /x]sf] If]qdf kb{5 . of] ;d'Gb« ;txb]lv !&) ld= prfO{df /x]sf] 5 . oxfFsf] cf}ift clwstd tfkqmd / Go"gtd tfkqmd qmdzM #^=*^) ;]= / *=**) ;]= /x]sf] 5 . To;}u/L cf}ift jiff{ !%^^=^% ld= ld= ;Dd /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]q t/fO{ ;dy/ e"–efudf cjl:yt /x]sf] 5 . cfof]hgf If]q zx/L If]qdf kb{5 / cfof]hgf JolQmut k|of]uljlxg hldgdf kb{5 . pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn] 7f]; kmf]xf]/sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu ;8s If]qsf] ;/;/;kmfO{ tyf 3/ 3/af6 kmf]xf]/ ;+sng u/L 5'§} :yfgdf lj;h{g ug]{ u/]sf] 5 . xf]6]nn] ;/b/ b}lgs @($ s]hL -@$%*!=@=@($ s]hL b}lgs_ pTkfbg ug]{ ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 h'g xf]6n k"0f{?kdf ;~rfngdf cfpFbf !#) cfuGt'sx¿ / !!% hgf sd{rf/Lx¿ a/fa/n] pT;h{g u5{g\ . v_ h}ljs jftfj/0f cfof]hgf If]q zx/L If]qdf cjl:yt 5 . o; cfof]hgf If]qdf s'g} klg jg:kltx? /x]sf 5}gg\ . u_ ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;fF:s[lts jftfj/0f lhNnf tYof+Í k|f]kmfOn @)!& -;g\_ cg';f/ pk–dxfgu/kflnsfsf] s"n hg;+Vof !#*&$@ /x]sf] 5 h;dWo] k'?ifsf] hg;+Vof %&!*( / dlxnfsf] hg;+Vof *!%%# /x]sf] 5 . o; pk– dxfgu/kflnsfdf hDdf #$)(& 3/w'/L /x]sf 5g\ eg] k|lt 3/w'/L cfsf/ $=)^ /x]sf] 5 . o; If]qsf] d'Vo k]zf Jokf/–Joj;fo tyf gf]s/L /x]sf] 5 . /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfO{g dfkm{t ljB't cfk"lt{ ul/Psf] 5 eg] Pn= lk= UofF; tyf bfp/f vfgf ksfpgsf] nflu k|of]u ul/Psf] kfO{G5 . o; If]qdf 6]lnkmf]g ;]jf, df]afO{n tyf O{G6/g]6 ;]jf pknAw /x]sf 5g\ . ^= Jfftfj/0fLo k|efjx? s_ ;sf/fTds k|efjx?M cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf qmddf cg'dfg ul/Psf ;sf/fTds k|efjx? lgDg adf]lhd 5g\ .

• :yfgLo :t/df /f]huf/L ;[hgf tyf cfocfh{gsf] ;Defjgf • k]zfut ;Lkdf clej[l¢ • Jofkf/ Joj;fodf j[l¢

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• cfo tyf /fhZjdf j[l¢ • :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] vkt • ko{6g Joj;fodf j[l¢ • ;:s[lt cfbfg–k|bfg • ;fdflhs ;xof]u dfkm{t :yfgLo :t/sf] ljsf;df ;xof]u v_ gsf/fTds k|efjx? ef}lts jftfj/0fM cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf qmddf ef}lts jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjx? lgDg adf]lhd 5g\ .

• lgdf{0f qmddf lgisg] 7f]; kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkgdf • xfjfkfgL tyf Wjlg k|b"if0f • lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lsf] e08f/0fn] lgDTofpg] k|efj • ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rfk tyf w'Fjf k|b"if0f • kmf]xf]/ kfgL lgisf;g • e"ldut kfgLsf] >f]tsf] cTolws vktaf6 To;sf] ;txdf cfpg] X«f; • cfunflu lgoGq0f tyf /f]syfdsf pkfo • ;Defljt b'3{6gf tyf ;'/Iffsf] Joj:yf • ;jf/L ;fwgsf] nflu kfls{Ë If]qsf] Joj:yf • j}slNks phf{sf] k|of]u • kmf]xf]/d}nf pT;h{g tyf Joj:yfkg h}ljs jftfj/0fM cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf qmddf h}ljs jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjx? lgDg adf]lhd 5g\ .

• cfof]hgf If]q lghL hUufdf lgdf{0f ePsf] x'gfn] h}ljs jftfj/0fdf pNn]vgLo gsf/fTds k|efj kg]{ b]lv+b}g . ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;Ff:s[lts jftfj/0fM cfof]hgf lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf qmddf ;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;Ff:s[lts jftfj/0fdf kg{ ;Sg] gsf/fTds k|efjx? lgDg adf]lhd 5g\ . • k]zfut :jf:Yo tyf ;'/Iff • :yfgLo hgtf;Fu ¢Gb • ;Defljt ;'/Iff vt/f • sfdbf/ ju{leq ;Defljt ¢Gb • z'¢ Vffg]kfgLsf] cefj • ¢Gb tyf ljjfbx?sf] Joj:yfkgdf ;d:of • :yfgLo l/ltl/jfh tyf ;+:s[lt dflysf] k|efj

iii

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

&= j}slNks ljZn]if0f k|:tfljt cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] nflu ljleGg j}slNks ljZn]if0fx? h;df d'Vou/L cjl:ylt, cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs lbuf]kgf, j}slNks k|ljlw, jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgsf] ljsNk cflb cWoog ul/Psf] lyof] . k|:tfljt cfof]hgf :yn tyf k|ljlw, jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgnfO{ k|:tfljt cWoogn] jftfj/0fLo tyf ;fdflhs cfly{s lx;fan] ;a}eGbf pko'Qm ljsNksf] ?kdf u|x0f u/]sf] lyof].

*= jftfj/0fLo k|efj Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? ef}lts jftfj/0f • dfgj dnd"qsf] Joj:yfkg 5'§} ;]lK6s 6\ofÍdf ug]{ / dfgj dnd"q afx]ssf] cGo t/n kmf]xf]/nfO{ kmf]xf]/kfgL k|zf]wg Knf06dfkm{t dfq gu/n] Joj:yf u/]sf] 9ndfkm{t lj;h{g ul/g]5 . efG;faf6 lg:sg] t/n kmf]xf]/af6 t]nLo tyf af];f]hGo kmf]xf]/ hDdf ug{ cf]On 8«ddf hDdf u/] kZrft\ dfq k|zf]wg Knf06df k7fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] 5 . jiff{tsf] kfgL k'gM k|of]u ug{sf nflu 5'§|} 6\ofÍdf e08f/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] 5 . lyu|fpg] 6\ofÍ dfkm{t 9ndf lj;h{g ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] nfu" u/]sf] ;fj{hlgs 9nx?df k7fpg] cf}Bf]lus Pˆn'PG6sf] dfkb08 adf]lhd dfq lj;h{g ug'{kg]{ / ;f] ePsf] gePsf] lgoldt?kdf aif{sf] b'O{k6s k|of]uzfnf k/LIf0f dfkm{t PsLg ug'{kg]{5 . • xf]6nsf] k|To]s sf]7fx?df kmf]xf]/x?sf] ;+sngsf nflu 5'§f5'§} b'O{j6f kmf]xf]/ y'kfg]{ efF8f]x?sf] Joj:yf ug{], xf]6nsf ljleGg PsfO{x?af6 lg:sg] kmf]xf]/x? ;d]t s'lxg] / gs'lxg] -k'gMk|of]u ug{ ;lsg] jf k'grqmLo kmf]xf]/_ 5'§f5'§} :yfg jf sf]7fdf e08f/0f ug]{, 7f]; kmf]xf]/sf] Joj:yfkgsf nflu kmf]xf]/ Go"gLs/0f, k'gMk|of]u tyf k'gMrqmLo kmf]xf]/ Joj:yfkg k|lqmof cjnDag ul/g]5 . sfdbf/x?nfO{ ;s];Dd sd kmf]xf]/ pTkfbg ug{ k|]l/t ug]{ tyf ;f] ;DaGwL pTk|]/0ff sfo{zfnf jf tflnd k|bfg ul/g]5 . • hyfefjL kfls{Ësf] ;d:of Go"gLs/0fsf nflu a];d]G6 kfls{Ësf] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . • l8h]n h]g]/]6/ tyf ;jf/L ;fwg v/Lb ubf{ g]kfn ;/sf/n] tf]s]sf] jfo" k|b'if0f dfkb08 leq kg]{ u/L dfq v/Lb ug]{, sd Wjlg lgsfNg] h]g]/]6/ dfq v/Lb ug]{ / ;f]sf] lgoldt r]s hfFr tyf dd{t ul/g]5 . h]g]/]6/af6 lg:sg] w'Fjf lj;h{g ubf{ sDtLdf !% ld6/sf] lrDgLsf] Joj:yf;lxt dfq ul/g]5 . h]g]/]6/af6 lg:sg] Wjlg lgoGq0f jf Go"gLs/0fsf nflu h]g]/]6/nfO{ h]g]/]6/ ;]8 jf sf]7fdf h8fg ul/g]5 / ;fOn]G;/ ;d]tsf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . efG;faf6 x'g] jfo' k|b'if0fnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;s];Dd ljB'tLo pks/0f tyf OGwgsf nflu Pn=lk=hL=sf] k|of]u ul/g]5 . • xf]6nnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ kfgLsf] cfk"lt{sf] nflu af]l/Ësf] kfgL k|of]u ul/g]5 / af]l/Ëaf6 kfgL tfGbf a'6jn pk–dxfgu/kflnsfn] tf]s]sf] kl/df0f a/fa/ dfq lgsflng] 5 . ;f] kfgLnfO{ PlS6e]6]8 sfa{g lkmN6/ / Snf]l/g 8f]lhË u/]/ dfq k|of]u ul/g]5 . kfgLsf] vkt Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu c6f]d]l6s wf/fx?sf] k|of]u ul/g]5 . sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ Go"gtd kfgL vkt ug{ k|]l/t ul/g]5 / ;fy} hldg d'lgsf] kfgLsf] nflu k'ge{/0f ul/g]5 . • l86h]{+6 / 9n Joj:yfkgsf] nflu plrt kfO{knfOg k|0ffnLsf] k|fjwfg / au+}rfdf sL6gfzssf] k|of]udf lgoGq0f ul/g]5 .

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• ljB'tLo tyf pmhf{ vkt Go"gLs/0fsf nflu pmhf{ tyf jftfj/0fd}qL pks/0fx?sf] k|of]unfO{ a9fjf lbOg]5, ;Dej eP;Dd jftfj/0fd}qL tyf pmhf{ vkt sd x'g] Pn=O=8L= aQLx?sf] dfq k|of]u ul/g]5, P=;L= tyf sf]7f ttfpg cfjZos pmhf{ vkt Go"g ug{ ‰\ofnx?df 8an Un]H8 l;;fx? k|of]u ul/g]5 . kfgL ttfpg lx6 kDksf] k|of]u ul/g]5 . h}ljs jftfj/0f • xf]6nsf] v'Nnf If]qdf xl/ofnL If]qsf] ?kdf k|j4{g ul/g]5 .

;fdflhs, cfly{s tyf ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f • xf]6n ;~rfngsf nflu cfjZos sd{rf/L bIftfsf cfwf/df 5gf}6 ul/g]5 / sfdsf] k|s[lt cg';f/ JolQmut ;'/Iffsf ;fwgx?sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu :yflgonfO{ k|fyldstf lbO{g]5 . cfunfuLsf] 36gfaf6 aRg pRr ;ts{tf ckgfOg] 5 . xf]6nleq g} ;fdfGo rf]6k6ssf] pkrf/sf] nflu k|fylds pkrf/sf ;fwg tyf cf}ifwLx?sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . hf]lvdo'Qm sfo{ ug]{ sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ :jf:Yo aLdf tyf lgoldt :jf:Yo k/LIf0fsf] ;'ljwf k|bfg ul/g]5 . • sfdbf/ tyf kfx'gfx?nfO{ vfg]kfgLsf] xsdf ldg/n jf6/ jf hf/sf] kfgLsf] Joj:yf ul/g]]5 . olb k|zf]lwt kfgL k|of]u ul/g] eP vfg]kfgL ;DalGw /fli6«o dfkb08, @))^ adf]lhdsf] kfgLdfq k|of]u ul/g]5 . • k|sf]ksf] cj:yfdf xf]6nsf] aflx/sf] v'Nnf 7fpFdf cfsl:ds e]nf x'g] :yfgsf] klxrfg ul/ To:tf] :yfgnfO{ ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L ;fOgaf]8{sf] Joj:yf ul/g]5, cfsl:ds lgsf; ;lxtsf] ljj/0f k|To]s sf]7f, v08 tyf ;fj{hlgs If]qleq ;a}n] b]Vg] u/L Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'g]5 . • xf]6naf6 ;~rfng ;dodf j/k/sf afl;Gbfx?nfO{ kg{ ;Sg] ;d:ofx?sf] btf{ tyf ;'g'jfO{sf nflu u'gf;f] ;'Gg] clwsf/L lgo'Qm ul/g]5 / k|fKt ;a} u'gf;fx?sf] Jojl:yt k~hLs/0f u/L ;f]sf] Go"gLs/0fsf nflu tTsfn xf]6n Joj:yfkg zfvfdf hfgsf/L u/fO{ To:tf c;/ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfOg] 5 . • ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf] lzif{sdf xf]6nn] jflif{s ah]6 Joj:yf ul/ jftfj/0f PsfO{ dfkm{t ;fdflhs sfo{ tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0f sfo{df cu|;/ x'g]5 . pNn]lvt Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? cjnDag ug{ lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfng r/0fsf] Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox?sf nflu s'n ?= %*,)*,%))=)) ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTjsf nflu xf]6nn] ;f] cjlwdf ?= @*,^),%))=)) ah]6 dfly ljlgof]lht /sdleq Joj:yf ug{]5 / :yfgLo;Fu ;dGjo ul/ ;fdflhs sfo{x?df ;l/s x'g]5 . (= jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf o; jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf k|efjx?sf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf, cg'udg of]hgf tyf jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f ;d]t ;+nUg u/L jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ u/L pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . k|:tfljt of]hgfdf g]kfndf ljBdfg k|b"if0f dfkb08x?nfO{ ;d]t dWogh/ /fvL ;f] ;DaGwL] Joj:yf ;d]t pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkg k|f?k cGtu{t cg'udg ug'{kg]{ ;"rsf+s tyf cg'udg ug'{kg]{ bfloTjx?nfO{ k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg k|ltj]bg :jLs[t ePsf] @ aif{ kZrft jftfj/0fLo k/LIf0f tyf ;f] sf] nflu

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal cfjZos /sd ;d]t :ki6 ;fy pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . lgdf{0f cjlwe/sf nflu s'n ?= %*,)*,%))=)) jftfj/0fLo Joj:yfkgsf nflu ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 h'g s'n lgdf{0f vr{ - ? !%) s/f]8_ sf] )=#( k|ltzt x'g cfpF5 . !)= lgisif{ xf]6n ;]k|mg l;=s] k|f=ln gfdsf] xf]6n lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngn] :yfgLo tyf If]lqo:t/df ;sf/fTds k|efj kg]{ b]lvG5 . k|:tfljt xf]6nsf] ;~rfngaf6 :yfgLo:t/df xf]6n ;]jf lj:tf/ tyf ko{6g Joj;fodf j[l¢ x'g]5 . o;sf cltl/Qm :yfgLo hgtfn] /f]huf/L tyf cfly{s s[ofsnfkdf efu lng kfpg] 5g\ . :yfgLo:t/sf] s[lif pkh ljqmL u/L hLjgofkgdf ;lhnf] x'g]5 ;fy} xf]6n cfof]hgfn] ;fdflhs ;xof]u cGtu{t :yfgLo :t/df s]xL ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{5 h;af6 :yfgLo hgtfn] ;]jf pkof]u ug{ kfpg] 5g\ . o; cfof]hgf ;~rfngsf sf/0fn] To; If]qsf] jftfj/0fdf s]xL gsf/fTds k|efjx? kg]{ b]lvG5 t/ tL k|efjx? dWod vfnsf / ;Daf]wg ug{ ;lsg] vfnsf /x]sf 5g\ . To:tf k|efjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf] nflu o; k|ltj]bgdf ljleGg pkfox? ;'emfPsf 5g\ . k|:tfjs jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nof+sg k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf jftfj/0fLo Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox? sfof{Gjog ug{ k|lta4 /x]sf] 5 . o;n] ubf{ xf]6n ;]k|mg l;=s] k|f=ln lgdf{0f tyf ;~rfngsf nflu of] k|ltj]bgn] dfu{ k|z:t ub{5 .

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Proponent

The proponent of this project is Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. The name and address of the proponent is given below:

Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. Sukhanagar, Butwal SMC-08, Rupandehi, Province-5, Nepal Contact Person: Prakash Poudel Tel: +977-9847057342 Email: [email protected]

2. Background

The project was registered as per the Company Act, 2006 with registration number 202770/075/076 in the name of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. The project is located in province number 5 of Nepal, Rupandehi district, and ward number 8 of Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City. The project will construct eight storied building for the operation of hotel. The total built-up area of the building will be 8496.65 square meter with total land area (within boundary) of 5590.257 square meter. Hotel will be constructed and operated within 130 bed capacity in total 81 rooms. The hotel will be disable friendly with the presence of lift and toilets for them as well. Besides, there will be the fire extinguisher, fire hydrant and hose reel as the precaution of fire hazard. Rainwater harvesting system will be adopted as the ground water recharge source. Likewise, about 32.63% of the total land area of the project will be left as open space and for parking area sufficient area will be allocated.

3. Statutory Environmental Requirement

Environment Protection Act (EPA) 2076, and Environment Protection Rule (EPR), 2077 after subsequent amendments from 1997 requires an environmental assessment study for the construction and operation of hotels with threshold built up area, per day water consumption within a commercial building and bed capacities related to the Rule 3 of EPR, 2077. The Schedule 3 of EPR related to the Rule 3, Section E (6) has provisioned requirement of EIA study for hotels as per consumption of water with more than 20,000 lit within a commercial building, Section G (1) has provisioned requirement of EIA study for hotels as per bed capacity of more than 100 beds. In this regards, EIA study is applicable for this hotel planning to consuming 120,000 lit water daily and bed capacity with 130 beds.

4. Study Methodology

The EIA report was prepared on the basis of approved ToR dated on 2076/11/14. The maps and reports of the project area concerning to physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment were collected from different sources and reviewed intensely to determine the nature and scope of activities of the project. The impact area was delineated with considering

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal the possible impact of project and availability of similar service. The study was accomplished with literature review, field study and inspections, informal interaction meetings, impact identification and prediction, publication of public notice and public consultation and report writing. The field study was carried out from 2076/11/15 to 2076/11/18.

5. Existing Environmental Conditions A. Physical Environment: The proposed project lies in tropical climate zone at an altitude of 170 m above from mean sea level. The maximum temperature of the project area is 36.86oC and minimum temperature is 8.88oC. The average rainfall of the project area is about 1566.65 mm per year. The proposed project lies in plain land of Terai area. The project lies in urban area hence; the land area has been left as barren type. Major activities regarding solid waste management in BSMC are street sweeping on the road side at the major city areas, door to door waste collection and transportation to the transfer station and ultimately to the landfill site. The hotel is expected generate 294Kg/day (245* 1.2 = 294Kg/day when hotel have full occupancy with 130 visitors and 115 numbers staffs of the hotel per day. B. Biological Environment: The proposed project lies in urban area. The project site does not lie in protected area as well as ecologically sensitive area. There is no presence of wild animals except some local common birds. C. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment: The total population of BSMC is 138,742 in which 57189 are male and 81,553 are female. The population of female is higher than the male population. The total number of households is 34,097 and average household size is 4.06. Main occupation of project area is business and service are also found in sufficient number. From national electricity grid electricity facility has been provided, LPG and firewood are used for cooking purpose. The facility of telephone, mobile and internet is also available. The famous Lumbini, which is listed in world heritage site, is located nearby project. 6. Environmental Impacts A. Beneficial Impacts: The beneficial impacts during the construction and operation phase of the project are: • Employment Generation and Promotion • Skill Enhancement • Increase in Economic Activities • Income and revenue generation • Promotion of local business • Promote Tourism • Cultural Exchange • Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities B. Adverse Impacts:

Physical Environment: The adverse impact during the construction and operation of project in physical environment are:

• Impact due to construction waste • Air, Water and noise pollution

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Impact due to spoil disposal • Pressure on vehicle and air pollution • Sewerage and waste water generation • Extraction of ground water • Fire hazard • Possibility of accidents and security issues • Road congestion, traffic and parking issues • Energy alternatives • Solid waste generation and management.

Biological Environment: The adverse impact during the construction and operation of project in biological environment is that the project lies in private barren land hence no any significant impact is observed.

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment: The adverse impact during the construction and operation of project in socio-economic and cultural environment are; • Occupational health and safety hazard • Public movement associated conflict & risk • Safety and security issue • Possibility of conflict among workers • Lack of safe drinking water • Conflict and dispute management • Influence on local culture and tradition 7. Alternative Analysis

The alternative analysis of the proposal has been made with respect to location, technology alternatives, environmental management system, and resources do nothing alternatives. The alternatives adopted for this proposal seem to be the best alternatives in terms of technological, economic and environmental perspectives for current situation.

8. Environmental Mitigation Measures

Physical Environment

• Prevent mixing of sewage and other waste water; provision of septic tank for sewage collection, provision of soak pits and septic tanks; provision of grease trap for avoiding mixing of fat, oil and grease to waste water stream; separate collection of rainwater and discharged into ground through sand bed filter with perforated pipe; While discharging remaining waste water stream (except sewage) into municipal sewerage system, prevailing legislation and guidelines will be strictly complied. • Each room has been provisioned two bins. Source segregation of organic and inorganic wastes in different storage areas or facilities in designated location, adoption of 3R principle for waste management, instruct administrative staffs to reduce paper wastes and unnecessary printings. • Provision of sufficient parking space; haphazard roadside parking will be prohibited by providing different sign posts. • Procurement and use of low noise emitting generator set and vehicles in compliance with national standards to reduce air/noise pollution and their periodic maintenance, Emission stack

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

height of generator will be maintained at least 15m. from ground; Generators will be provisioned with silencer and acoustic panel and will be placed in well barricaded area/ closed chamber, Use of electric appliances and LPGs in kitchen; • Provision of self-reliant deep boring and extraction quantity will not exceed as permitted by BSMC bye-laws, raw water from boring will be treated with water treatment plant for kitchen, showering and other general purpose; Adoption of water conservation strategy (for eg. IR controlled water faucets or automatic water faucets); Instruct/ Awareness to employees for water conservation • Provision of proper pipeline system for detergent and waste. Use of pesticides in controlled manner in the garden. • Design of building as per NBC; Provision of fire extinguishers, fire hose reel in each floors, smoke sensors, fire hydrant and hose reel, emergency exit stair case. • Identification and designation of assembly location for meeting during occurrence of disaster. Clear marking of Assembly; Provision of Emergency Evacuation Plan in each guest room, lobbies and public areas within hotel. Sign post showing "No use of Lift during Disaster" near lift doors. • Energy efficient equipment and appliances will be emphasized during procurement; Use of LED bulbs will be used instead of traditional high energy consuming incandescent bulb or fluorescent light; Use of Double glazed glasses which reduced heat loss in room; Use of energy efficient heat pumps and solar water heater for heating water for various purposes.

Biological Environment

Gardening will be done within the project land in order to maintain greenery.

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

• Procurement of trained and skilled employees, Provision of personal protective Equipment (PPE) (helmets, boots, gloves, masks) to employees working in risky aspects; Kitchen area needs to be well ventilated in order to reduce risks associated with accidental LPG leakage; Provision of first aid kit, health insurance and periodic health checkup • Drinking water will be supplied through packaged drinking water and bottled jars. Drinking water if supplied from treatment process will be checked for compliance with NDWQS, 2006. • Provision of clean surfaces that come in contact with the food; use of safe water for cooking and drinking purposes; provision of safe and healthy food. • Provision of security instrumentations like CCTV cameras, security guards etc. inside hotel. • Appointment of Grievance Handling Officer; Register all grievances received from any sources and timely update to management committee to take necessary actions immediately • Allocation of budget for social enhancement measures and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) annually.

The mitigation measures during operation phase will be implemented by EMU. In order to mitigate various environmental impacts especially during construction phase, a total of about NRs 58,08,500.00 will be allocated. Among those, a total of 28,60,000.00 will be allocated as CSR responsibility.

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

9. Environmental Management Plan

The Environmental Management Plan has been prepared for the hotel with clear provision of arrangements to ensure implementation of mitigation measures, formulation of monitoring plan and provision of environmental audit. In the EMP, various standards/limits and environmental permits required were synthesized. Similarly, Hotel Environmental Management Framework is prepared depicting responsibility of EMU at various Phases of EMP implementation. The EMP also highlights the Environmental Audit provision, agencies responsible for auditing and provided estimated cost of environmental audit. Environmental Audit will be done once after two years of operation. A total of NRs. 58,08,500.00 is allocated for total construction period i.e. 0.39% of the total cost NRs. 150 crores.

10. Conclusion

The construction and operation of Hotel Saffron CK have positive impact in both local and regional level. With the operation of the hotel, hotel services will be accessed to local level and promote tourism. Beside this, local people get employment opportunity. Agricultural goods from adjacent local level will be consumed which will increase local economy. Likewise, project will implement corporate social responsibility program for local development, from which local will be benefited. The operation of this project will also have some adverse environmental impacts but these impacts seem to have less significant. To minimize and mitigate such impacts several mitigation measures have been proposed in this report. Proponent is committed to implement enhancement measures and the mitigation measures proposed in EIA report.

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

TABLE OF CONTENTS

कार्यकारी सारा車श ...... i

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... xii LIST OF TABLES ...... xvii LIST OF FIGURES ...... xviii LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS ...... xix ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ...... xx 1. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ...... 1 1.1 Background ...... 1 1.2 The Proponent ...... 3 1.3 The Consultant ...... 4 1.4 Objectives of EIA ...... 4 1.5 Rationale for Conducting EIA Study ...... 4 2. CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 6 2.1 Objectives of the Project ...... 6 2.2 Location of the Project and Accessibility ...... 6 2.3 Salient Features of the Project ...... 8 2.4 Construction Schedule, Project Components and Key Activities ...... 10 2.4.1 Project Components ...... 10 2.4.2 Key Activities ...... 10 2.5 Requirement of the Project ...... 11 2.5.1 Human Resource ...... 11 2.5.2 Materials to be Required ...... 11 2.5.3 Power Supply ...... 11 2.5.4 Water Storage, Supply System and Sanitation ...... 11 2.5.5 Open Space and Parking Area ...... 12 2.5.6 Solid Waste Management ...... 12 2.5.7 Waste Water Management ...... 13 2.5.8 Rain Water harvesting and Recharge Pits ...... 16 2.5.9 Emergency Preparedness and Hazard Management ...... 16 2.5.10 Swimming Pool ...... 17

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2.5.11 Grievance Handling Mechanism Unit ...... 17 3. CHAPTER III: STUDY METHODOLOGY ...... 18 3.1 Desk Study ...... 18 3.1.1 Literature Review of Project Related Documents ...... 18 3.2 Project Area Delineation ...... 19 3.2.1 Direct Impact Zone (DIZ) ...... 19 3.2.2 Indirect Impact Zone (IIZ) ...... 20 3.2.3 Zone of Influence (ZOI)...... 20 3.3 Field Investigation ...... 20 3.3.1 Physical Environment ...... 20 3.3.2 Biological Environment ...... 21 3.3.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 21 3.4 Impacts Identification, Prediction and Evaluation Methods ...... 22 3.5 Public/Stakeholder Consultation ...... 22 3.6 Public Hearing ...... 22 3.6.1 Objectives of the Public Hearing ...... 23 3.6.2 Issues Raised by Stakeholders During Public Hearing ...... 23 3.6.3 Collection of Recommendation Letter ...... 23 4. CHAPTER IV: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT ...... 24 4.1 Physical Environment ...... 24 4.1.1 Topography ...... 24 4.1.2 Land Use Pattern ...... 24 4.1.3 Geology and Soil Type ...... 25 4.1.4 Climate and Rainfall ...... 28 4.1.5 Drainage and Hydrology ...... 29 4.1.6 Seismicity ...... 29 4.1.7 Air, Noise and Water Quality ...... 30 4.1.8 Solid Waste Management ...... 31 4.2 Biological Environment ...... 32 4.2.1 Plant/Vegetation Diversity ...... 33 4.2.2 Wildlife Diversity ...... 33 4.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 33 4.3.1 Rupandehi District ...... 33

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

4.3.2 Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City ...... 33 4.3.3 Economic Sector and Employment Opportunities at BSMC ...... 33 4.3.4 Enterprises and Human Resource Invovement within DIZ ...... 34 4.3.5 Project Affected Ward-8, BSMC ...... 34 4.3.6 Households Within DIZ ...... 36 4.3.7 Cultural and Tourism Sites ...... 38 5. CHAPTER 5: IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND EVALUATION . 40 5.1 Beneficial Impacts ...... 40 5.1.1 Construction Phase...... 40 5.1.2 Operation Phase ...... 40 5.1.3 Beneficial Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix ...... 43 5.2 Adverse Impact ...... 45 5.2.1 Physical Environment ...... 45 5.2.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 45 5.2.1.2 Operation Phase...... 47 5.2.2 Biological Environment ...... 48 5.2.2.1 Construction Phase ...... 48 5.2.2.2 Operation Phase...... 49 5.2.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 49 5.2.3.1 Construction Phase ...... 49 5.2.3.2 Operation Phase...... 50 5.2.4 Chemical Environment ...... 51 5.2.4.1 Construction Phase ...... 51 5.2.4.2 Operation Phase...... 52 5.2.5 Issues Raised by Public and Stakeholders during Public Hearing ...... 52 5.2.6 Adverse Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix...... 53 6. CHAPTER 6: ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS ...... 56 6.1 No Project Option...... 56 6.2 Project Site (Location) ...... 56 6.3 Design...... 56 6.4 Alternative Technology ...... 57 6.5 Alternative Resources ...... 57 6.6 Environmental Management System ...... 57

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

7. CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES ...... 58 7.1 Enhancement Measures ...... 58 7.1.1 Construction Phase...... 58 7.1.2 Operation Phase ...... 58 7.1.3 Enhancement Measures of Impact Identified ...... 61 7.2 Adverse Impacts ...... 64 7.2.1 Physical Environment ...... 64 7.2.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 64 7.2.1.2 Operation Phase...... 67 7.2.2 Biological Environment ...... 70 7.2.2.1 Construction Phase ...... 70 7.2.2.2 Operation Phase...... 71 7.2.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment ...... 71 7.2.3.1 Construction Phase ...... 71 7.2.3.2 Operation Phase...... 72 7.2.4 Chemical Environment ...... 74 7.2.4.1 Construction Phase ...... 74 7.2.4.2 Operation Phase...... 74 7.2.5 Mitigation Measures for Impact Identified ...... 75 8. CHAPTER 8: REVIEW OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS...... 87 8.1 Constitution of Nepal (2072)...... 87 8.2 Policies, Plans, and Strategies ...... 87 8.2.1 Fifteenth Five Year Plan (2076/77- 2080/81): ...... 87 8.2.2 Tourism Policy, 2065 ...... 87 8.2.3 National Wetland Policy, 2069 ...... 87 8.2.4 National Environment Policy, 2076 ...... 87 8.2.5 National Climate Change Policy, 2076 ...... 88 8.2.6 National Land Policy, 2075 ...... 88 8.3 Acts...... 88 8.3.1 Company Act, 2063 B.S...... 88 8.3.2 Environmental Protection Act, 2053 B.S. and 2076 B.S...... 88 8.3.3 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 2039 B.S...... 89 8.3.4 Tourism Act, 2035 B.S...... 89

EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

8.3.5 Right to Information Act, 2064 B.S...... 89 8.3.6 The Right to Employment Act, 2075B.S...... 89 8.3.7 Building Act, 2055 B.S. (with its amendment 2064) B.S...... 90 8.3.8 Individual Privacy Act, 2075 ...... 90 8.3.9 Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities Act, 2074 ...... 90 8.3.10 Water Resource Act, 2049 B.S...... 91 8.3.11 Nepal Tourism Board Act, 2053 B.S...... 91 8.3.12 Local Government Operation Act, 2074 BS ...... 91 8.3.13 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S...... 91 8.3.14 Consumer Protection Act, 2075 B.S...... 91 8.3.15 Children's Act, 2075 B.S ...... 92 8.3.16 Labor Act, 2074 B.S...... 92 8.3.17 Industrial Enterprises Act, 2073 B.S...... 92 8.3.18 Town Development Act, 2045 B.S...... 92 8.3.19 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 BS ...... 92 8.3.20 Trade Union Act, 2049 B.S...... 92 8.3.21 Sexual Harassment at Workplace Prevention Act, 2071 ...... 93 8.4 Rules and Regulation ...... 93 8.4.1 Environment Protection Regulation, 2077 B.S...... 93 8.4.2 Environment Protection Rules, 2054 B.S...... 93 8.4.3 Labor Rule, 2075 B.S...... 94 8.4.4 Solid waste Management Rules 2070 B.S...... 94 8.4.5 Trade Union Regulation, 2050 B.S...... 94 8.4.6 Solid waste Management Rules of Butwal SMC, 2074 B.S...... 94 8.4.7 Building Rules, 2066 B.S...... 95 8.4.8 Hotel, Lodge, Restaurant, Bar and Tourist Guide Regulation, 2038 B.S...... 95 8.5 Guidelines...... 95 8.5.1 National EIA Guidelines, 2050 BS ...... 95 8.5.2 Tourism Industry Service Delivery Directive, 2070 B.S...... 96 8.5.3 Tourism Vision 2020 A.D...... 96 8.5.4 Butwal SMC Building Bye-laws, 2072 B.S...... 96 8.6 Standards ...... 96 8.6.1 Classification of Hotel Standard, 2076 B.S...... 96

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

8.6.2 National Building Code, 2060 B.S...... 96 8.6.3 National Drinking Water Quality Standard, 2062 B.S...... 96 8.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2069 B.S...... 97 8.6.5 National Standard about Noise Level, 2069 B.S...... 98 8.6.6 Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standards, 2069 B.S...... 98 8.6.7 Tolerance Limits for Industrial Effluents to be Discharged into Inland Surface Waters, 2058 B.S...... 98 8.6.8 Diesel generator standard, 2069 B.S...... 99 8.7 Environment Related Conventions...... 100 8.7.1 Convention on Biological Diversity, (CBD) 1992 A.D...... 100 8.7.2 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), 1975 A.D. 100 8.7.3 ILO Convention, 1969 A.D...... 100 8.7.4 National Biodiversity Policy, 2002 A.D...... 100 9. CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN ...... 102 9.1 Environmental Management Plan ...... 102 9.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan ...... 102 9.3 Environmental Monitoring Cost...... 106 9.4 Environmental Auditing ...... 106 9.5 Summary of EMP Cost ...... 108 9.6 Organization Structure ...... 109 9.7 Grievance Redresses Mechanism and Reporting Mechanism ...... 109 9.8 Solid Waste Management Plan ...... 110 9.9 Disaster Risk Reduction Plan ...... 110 10. CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSION ...... 111 11. REFERENCES ...... 112

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1: Threshold for EIA ...... 5 Table 2-1: Salient Features of the Project ...... 8 Table 2-2 Construction Materials Required for the Project ...... 11 Table 2-3: Proposed Water Supply System of Hotel ...... 12 Table 3-1: Methods of Survey for Air, Water and Noise Quality ...... 20 Table 3-2: Impact Identification Matrix ...... 22

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Table 3-3: Numerical Scales in the National EIA Guidelines ...... 22 Table 4-1: Topographical Distribution of Land in Rupandehi District ...... 24 Table 4-2: Soil Description ...... 26 Table 4-3: Summary Report of Soil Investigation for Hotel ...... 27 Table 4-4: Climate Zone of Rupandehi District ...... 28 Table 4-5 Air Pollution Monitoring Result of Proposed Hotel Site ...... 30 Table 4-6: Noise Pollution Monitoring Result of Project Site ...... 31 Table 4-7: Summary of Water Quality Parameters of the Project Area ...... 31 Table 4-8: Economically Active Population of BSMC-8 ...... 34 Table 4-9: Households by Main Source of Drinking Water in BSMC-8 ...... 35 Table 4-10: Issues Raised During Public Consultation and Hearing ...... 37 Table 4-11: Goods Availability within the Project Area ...... 38 Table 5-1: Beneficial Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix ...... 43 Table 5-2: Issues Raised by Public and Stakeholders during Public Hearing ...... 52 Table 5-3: Adverse Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix ...... 53 Table 7-1: CSR Cost Allocation by Project ...... 61 Table 7-2: Beneficial Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix ...... 62 Table 7-3: Adverse Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix ...... 75 Table 8-1 Maximum concentration and Test methods of National Ambient Air Quality standards ...... 97 Table 8-2 Noise Limit According to Area ...... 98 Table 8-3 Noise Limit According to Equipment ...... 98 Table 9-1: Baseline Monitoring Plan during Pre-construction Phase ...... 104 Table 9-2: Compliance Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation Phase ...... 104 Table 9-3: Impact Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation Phase ...... 105 Table 9-4 Environmental Monitoring Cost ...... 106 Table 9-5: Environmental Auditing framework ...... 107 Table 9-6: Summary of EMP Cost...... 108

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1: Location Map of Proposed Project "Hotel Saffron CK, Butwal" ...... 6 Figure 2-2: Google Map of Proposed Project "Hotel Saffron CK, Butwal" ...... 7 Figure 2-3: Accessibility Map Google Map from Gautam Buddha International Airport ...... 7 Figure 2-4: Accessibility Map Google Map from Office of Chief Minister, Province No. 5 ... 8 Figure 2-6: Process Flow Diagram of MBBR ...... 16 Figure 3-1: Project Direct Impact Zone (50m) from the Project Area ...... 18 Figure 3-2: Topographic Map Showing Hotel Saffron CK Project Area ...... 19 Figure 4-1: Land Use Map of Butwal SMC...... 25 Figure 4-2: Monthly Average Temperature Data of Butwal Airport, Rupandehi (2007-2016 AD) ...... 28 Figure 4-3: Monthly Average Rainfall of Bhairahawa Airport Station of Project Area ...... 29 Figure 4-4: Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal ...... 30

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Figure 4-5: Waste Characterization and Quantification of Nearyby Hotels and Restaurants . 32 Figure 9-1: Organizational Structure ...... 109

LIST OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS

ANNEX: I Approved ToR ANNEX: II Publication of Notice for Public Hearing and Proof of Notice Pasting Legal Documents 1. Certificate of Incorporation of Company 2. PAN Certificate 3. Business Registration Certificate 4. Bill of Approved Building Design 5. Certification of Four Forts of Land Plot 6. Land Plot Certificate 7. Hotel Owner’s Share Contribution Record Sheet ANNEX: III 8. Article of Association of Company “Prabanda Patra” 9. Article of Memorandum of Company “Niyamawali” 10. Capital Increment Letter 11. Ammendment on Article of Association of Company “Prabanda Patra” for Capital Increment and Ammended Hotel Owner’s Share Contribution Record Sheet 12. Tax clearance Certificate 13. Owner’s Citizenship certificate ANNEX: IV Minutes of Public Hearing ANNEX: V Collection of Recommendation Letters ANNEX: VI Checklist of Baseline Information ANNEX: VII Data on Baseline Information Architectural and Structural Drawings of Building 1. Building Certificate from Municipality ANNEX: VIII 2. Affidavit Letter 3. Letter from CAAN about the height clearance of Hotel ANNEX: IX Details of Soil Test Report ANNEX: X Photographs

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

CBS Central Bureau of Statistics

DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology

DIZ Direct Impact Zone

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMU Environment Management Unit

EPR Environment Protection Rules

GoN Government of Nepal

HHs Household

IEE Initial Environmental Examination

NAAQS Nepal Ambient Air Quality Standards

NEPAP Nepal Environment Policy and Action Plan

RCC Reinforced Cement Concrete

VDC Village Development Committee

ZOI Zone of Influence

Units hac hectare m Meter m2 Square meter m3 Cubic meter masl Meter above sea level

NRs. Nepalese Rupees

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

1. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background

Nepal: A country with different values of diversity in natural infrastructures and religious- cultural beliefs within a short span of north-south expansion having population near about 2,64,94,504 (CBS, 2011) within an area of 1,47,181 Km2. It is known as a country of Himalaya. This identity is very glorious for the nation and Nepalese people. Tourism is the travel for recreational, leisure, family or business purposes, usually of a limited duration. Tourism is commonly associated with trans-national travel, but may also refer to travel to another location within the same country. The World Tourism Organization (WTO) defines tourists as people "traveling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes".

Constitution of Nepal 2072 is the fundamental law of Nepal; Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. It has main structure namely the Federation, the State and the Local level. With newly constructed Constitution and structured federalism, rays of hope for the well being and prosperous living have been expected to be better gradually. Related to Schedule 5 and Schedule 6 of Constitution of Nepal has outlined the power between the sphere of federal and state government, like tourism development through well infrastructure and taxation has been enlisted as one of the right of autonomous areas to be set up under special structures. This has also been restructured up to the state to local level as well. Fifteenth Five Year Plan ((2076/77- 2080/81 B.S.) has also enlisted tourism sector as one of the highly emphasized areas for economic development of Nepal. For this in order to expansion of tourism hub like of Lumbini; Special Economic Zone, Butwal; transit point to Palpa, Syangja and Kaski (Pokhara); the construction and operation of proposed hotel will act as a bricking in economic development through tourism.

According to Nepal Tourism Board (NTB), 169,180 tourists1 from third country (excluding Indian Tourist) visited Lumbini in the year 2018 which was 13.82% higher than that of 2017. Tourism has been providing huge contribution to national economy (Tourism statistics of Nepal 2018, Tourism Board). Besides providing direct contribution to GDP, tourism has been providing employment opportunity to large number of people. According to world travel tourism council, tourism has been providing employment opportunity to 600 thousand skill and semi-skill people directly or indirectly in Nepal. There is no doubt that tourism is one of the key economic sector in Nepal which is one of the profitable and important export industry which is making a significant contribution in employment and income generation as well as foreign exchange earnings. So there are several public and private sector institutions in Nepal, which are directly and indirectly related to develop tourism in Nepal. Also, tourism industry

1 MCTCA 2019: Nepal Tourism Statistics 2018, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Kathmandu, 2019. Page|1

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal provides an opportunity to understand society, habits, food and the way of lifestyle of different nations.

The Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation’s Nepal Tourism Vision 2020 guides tourism development throughout the country. The vision is to promote the tourism industry as "tourism is valued as the major contributor to a sustainable Nepal economy, having developed as an attractive, safe, exciting and unique destination through conservation and promotion, leading to an equitable distribution of tourism benefits and greater harmony in society". However, while the thrust of the vision is to attract tourists from outside of the country, GoN falters in promoting tourism for Nepali themselves. Tourist visit in Nepal is expected to grow beyond two million by 2020 and to achieve such goal, the vision 2020 envisions role of private entrepreneurs. The role of the private sector would be to bring in investment for the creation of new tourism products possible all over the nation which are sustainable with minimal environmental impacts, creating local ownerships, employment opportunities and development of niche markets in this sector. One such investor to address the GoN vision by 2020 is through the establishment of international standard star hotel in Butwal which is nearby the Lumbini (The Birth Place of Buddha- World Heritage Site from UNESCO in 1997). The proposed site will connect historically important UNESCO listed World Heritage site, Lumbini just about 24.8 km distance or nearly one-hour drive from proposed hotel location.

Country ‘Nepal’ predominantly reflecting an overview like those of rural in present is urbanizing rapidly with urban population growth rates of up to 7 percent. On such, the sustainability of urbanization in Nepal is threatened by a lack of effective planning and large and growing infrastructure deficits2. After the declaration of capital for Province No. 5; Butwal is one of the fastest growing sub-metropolitan in Nepal constituting 15.76% of the total population of Rupandehi alone. Butwal is mostly a commercial and trading city, connecting city between nearby tourist towns of Pokhara, Chitwan, Tansen, Kapilvastu and Lumbini. It has one of the busiest industrial state (Sez) of the country. It is also a busy land-route gateway to enter India through Sunauli-Belhiya, Bhairahawa (Rupandehi district). In these context, Nepal’s urban areas can drive economic growth to the benefit of the entire country. Thus, Butwal is witnessing huge investments in the hospitality sector as well. To boost up tourism and Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Events (MICE) opportunities, the government plans to set up an international conference centre at Ramnagar in Butwal. All these developments hint towards a large economic potential for development of the region. At this state of economic transition; managing rapid urbanization is essential to improving the competitiveness of the Nepalese economy, creating jobs and accelerating economic growth. This will help reduce poverty even further as well as contribute to sustainable and balanced development.

In this context, Government of Nepal has accorded a high priority to develop quality tourism in the country. The less number of quality and star hotel still within Butwal forced tourist and

2 https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2013/04/01/managing-nepals-urban-transition, Retrieved on 18/03/2020. Page|2

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal visitors including high profile deligates to move nearby other cities Bharatpur and Lumbini for stay. Establishing hotel with restaurant venture at ward no. 08, Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, Rupandehi District, Nepal will help to provide quality and need based services to the potential visitors which although if not completed within the 2020 could help to flow positive message to third country tourist for better and standard stay even after the campaigned year 2020 as well. It will ultimately help to attract many tourists and promote tourism industry in the country. Such a hotel with restaurant would provide tourists a home feeling and help them enjoy cultural ambience of the country.

The Project area is close to Bhairahawa and Lumbini city which is represented as the business industry areas. It is well known and identified that Butwal and Bhairahawa is a big and popular market for the business purpose and is attached with Indian market. The Project proponent is planning for the construction and operation of hotel having 80 rooms and 130 bed capacities in Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City of Rupandehi district.

This will also create great opportunity for the tourism business, which meets the growing need of the people and growing the proper hospitality and service. So, Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. is established to provide facilities to tourists and other guest as a quality hotel services. For this task, Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. is planning to construct and operate of star category standard hotel with bed capacity of 130. This provision encouraged Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. for its roles and responsibilities to protect environment and minimize any possible environmental impacts. As per Schedule 3 of EPR 2077 related to the Rule 3, Section E (6) has provisioned requirement of EIA study for hotels as per consumption of water with more than 20,000 lit within a commercial building, Section G (1) has provisioned requirement of EIA study for hotels as per bed capacity of more than 100 beds the proponent has prepared this EIA report.

Founded in 21st November, 2018 (05th Mangsir, 2075) as Private Limited under pursuant to sub-section (1) of Section 5 of the Companies Act, 2006 with registration number 202770/075/076 with Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd and is registered in Department of Internal Revenue, Internal Revenue Office, Butwal with PAN number 606544317 (ANNEX III).

1.2 The Proponent

The proposal of the Project is construction and operation of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. at Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, ward no-8, Rupandehi. The name and address of the Proponent is as follows:

Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. Sukhanagar, Butwal SMC-08, Rupandehi, Province-5, Nepal Contact Person: Prakash Poudel Tel: +977-9847057342 Email: [email protected]

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

1.3 The Consultant

Abhiyanta Solutions Pvt. Ltd. has been assigned to undertake the EIA study of the proposed Project for and on behalf of Hotel Saffron CK. The detail address of Abhiyanta Solutions Pvt. Ltd. is as;

Abhiyanta Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Bijulibazaar-11, Kathmandu Contact Person: Lokesh Sapkota Phone: +977 9841550425 E-mail: [email protected]

1.4 Objectives of EIA

The main objective of EIA is to inform decision makers about the potential impacts of the Project and to suggest appropriate mitigation measures for eliminating or minimizing adverse impacts at acceptable level. This will help the Project to be implemented in socially acceptable and environmentally sound manner. In specific terms, the objectives of the EIA of this Project are as follows:

• To identify and document the baseline data of physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment. • To analyze the data and determine the potential adverse and beneficial impacts in terms of magnitude, extent and duration. • To formulate and propose practical mitigation measures for adverse impacts, enhancement measures for positive impacts and to incorporate necessary safeguards in Project design, construction and operation plans. • To provide platform for public to raise their issues about the implementation of the Project. • To advise decision makers regarding the implementation of the Project. • To prepare a comprehensive EIA report as per the format stipulated in the EPR, 1997 incorporating the concerns and suggestions of the concerned stakeholders to facilitate objective decision making by the concerned decision makers of the Government of Nepal (GoN).

1.5 Rationale for Conducting EIA Study

There are few numbers of star category hotels in Butwal which are close to Project site. The proposed site will connect historically important UNESCO listed World Heritage site, Lumbini just about 38.9 km distance or nearly one-hour drive from proposed hotel location. So there is great opportunity for the tourism business, which enhance income of the hotel. To provide quality services, Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. is planning to establish Star category standard hotel with 130 bed capacity providing special features and services like restaurant, conference room, gym, swimming pool and others. Similarly, the establishment of any hotel or extending its services/facilities might have some environmental impacts (both beneficial and adverse). Therefore, it is important to identify impacts in terms of physical, biological, socio-economic Page|4

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal and cultural environment of the Project area along with the beneficial or adverse impacts resulting from the associated activities.

Table 1-1: Threshold for EIA

Threshold Particulars Threshold Value for Range of Hotel Schedule II for EIA EIA Per day water More than 20,000 L 120,000 L (within) Schedule III of EPR consumption for 2077, Section E (6) construction and operation Proposed no. of beds More than 100 bed 130 beds (within) Schedule III of EPR 2077, Section G (1)

The EPA, 2076 and EPR, 2077 empower Ministry of Forest and Environment to approve the EIA report.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

2. CHAPTER II: PROJECT DESCRIPTION

The project was registered as per the Company Act, 2006 with registration number 202770/075/076 with the name of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd and is registered in Department of Internal Revenue, Internal Revenue Office, Butwal with PAN number 606544317.

2.1 Objectives of the Project

The main objective of the proposed project is

• To construct hotel having 130 bed capacity which is environmentally sound and socially sustainable. • To provide hotel and hospitality services to guest and tourist.

2.2 Location of the Project and Accessibility

Hotel Saffron CK, Butwal is located at Sukhanagar, ward no. 8 of Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City just opposite of Shree Mid-Western Pritana Headquarter, Butwal, Rupandehi District, Province 5.

Figure 2-1: Location Map of Proposed Project "Hotel Saffron CK, Butwal" The hotel is easily accessible from Gautam Buddha International Airport at a distance of 24.8km and 3.5 km from the Office of Chief Minister of Province 5. The location and accessibility map of the hotel is given in Figure 2-1, Figure 2-2, Figure 2-3 and Figure 2-4. Page|6

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Figure 2-2: Google Map of Proposed Project "Hotel Saffron CK, Butwal" Geographically, Hotel Saffron CK lies at 27°41'10.83"N latitudes and 83°28'17.04"E longitude in Province 5. The total land area of the project is 5590.257 Sq. m. and situated at an elevation of 170 masl.

Figure 2-3: Accessibility Map Google Map from Gautam Buddha International Airport

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Figure 2-4: Accessibility Map Google Map from Office of Chief Minister, Province No. 5

2.3 Salient Features of the Project The detailed features of Project are given in Table 2-1;

Table 2-1: Salient Features of the Project3 General Description Name of Company Hotel Saffron CK. Pvt. Ltd Name of Hotel Hotel Saffron CK Location Locality Kusum Path, Sukhanagar Local Level Butwal Sub Metropolitan City, Ward no-8 District Rupandehi Province 5 Total Land Area 5590.257 Sq. m. No of Storey 7 Plot No 60, 244, 352, 62, 63, 366, 92,367 Plot Area 5590.257 Sq. m. Total Ground Coverage 1794.14 Sq. m. Total Floor Area 8496.65 Sq. m. Built Up Area Classification Occupancy: A4, Storey & Height: Medium Rise Floor Area Ratio 1.5 (The permissible limit for FAR at BSMC is 1.5) Greenery 30 % Parking Area 4957.28 Sq. m. Open Space + Road 32.63 % Parking Car 117 Capacity Motorcycle 250

3 Architectural and Structural Drawing and Affidavit Letter of Strcututral Engineer of Hotal Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., Butwal Page|8

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

General Description Cycle 50 Number of Building 2 (1 Main Building + 1 Restaurant and coffee shop) Total height of building 36.85 m4 No of Lifts 4 No of Staircase 2 Set Back 16 m Construction material required Stone, Brick, Sand, Aggregates, Cement & Reinforcement No of room 81 Total bed capacity 130 Disable Friendly Supportive Lifts, ramps, easily accessible lobby area for waiting place, appropriate doors Structures and window, support within the rest and bath rooms Basement Lower 2572.43 Sq. m. Parking, Fire tank, Fire pump room, Raw water tank, Filter basement water tank, Service lift pits Upper 2384.85 Sq. m. Parking, Fruit and vegetable storage, Cold kitchen, Walk- basement in chiller, Staff cafeteria, Heat pump, Laundry, House- keeping storage, Liquor store Ground Floor 1794. 14 Sq. m. Restaurant, Banquet kitchen, Mini bar, Office 1st Floor 969.95 Sq. m. Conference room, Store 2nd Floor 1089.84 Sq. m. Parlor, Yoga hall, Zumba hall, Swimming pool, Gymnasium, Club 3rd Floor 1044.68 Sq. m. Conference room, Pantry, Store 4th floor 824.76 Sq. m. Guest rooms (17 nos.) 5th floor 824.76 Sq. m. Guest rooms (17 nos.) 6th floor 824.76 Sq. m. Guest rooms (17 nos.) 7th floor 824.76 Sq. m. Guest rooms (17 nos.) 8th Floor 824.76 Sq. m. Guest rooms (13 nos.) Open terrace, AC ledge Utilities details Source of water supply Deep boring – 2 nos for 73,000 L, major volume of water will be collected from the municipal and water supplied by vendors (tankers) to meet shortfall from municipal supply Water requirement 120,000 L Raw Water storage capacity Underground 82,000 L (Overhead/Underground) Overhead 39,000 L Drinking water Treatment plant capacity 15 CUM/Hr. Proposed Drinking Water Treatment Iron remover, Dual media filter, Activated carbon filter type Total waste water generation 96,000 L Waste Water Treatment plant type Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Size of Waste water treatment plant 100,000 L Estimated Solid waste generation 294 kg/day Rain water Harvesting system Separate tank for storage of rain water and ground water recharge Use of rain water Ground water recharge, Gardening and cleaning Electricity supply High tension cable Transformer 2 Nos (750 KVA) Power Back Up (Diesel Generator) 250 KVA Room Heating System HVAC-Heating, ventilation and air conditioning Tele communication Telephone, TV cable Security system CC camera, Security guard, Wall fencing Safety and Emergency Preparedness Fire extinguisher in each floor, Fire alarming system, Fire pumps, Fire escape staircase, Fire hydrant and hose reel, Smoke detector,

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

General Description Wet risers, Sound screening mechanism, Ramp for handicapped people Storage of fire tank Underground 200,000 L Overhead 20,000 L Total Project Cost NRs 1,500,000,000.00 (150 Crores) Source: Detail Design and Drawings of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., 2019

2.4 Construction Schedule, Project Components and Key Activities

Construction of hotel building will be completed within two years from start of work. Activities will include full construction of 8 story hotel building and its operation.

2.4.1 Project Components In order to attract tourist, Hotel Saffron CK will provide following facilities within hotel.

• 80 well furnished rooms with all modern amenities • 4 Suite rooms including One Presidential Suite • All Day Dining restaurant • Bar and Club Lounge • Swimming Pool • Specialty Cuisine Restaurant • SPA and Saloon Lounge • GYM and Fitness center with Zumba and Yoga • Recreational Lounge with Pool table, Table tennis, and Dart etc. • Banquet Hall with 1500 Pax capacity • 4 Conference Halls • Ample Parking area with Basement • Lush Garden • Emergency Preparedness System (Fire & Exit)

2.4.2 Key Activities

Construction Phase The activities involved during construction phase of the project are: • Transportation of constructing materials • Excavation, stockpiling and muck disposal for hotel • Construction of hotel proper with the above listed project components

Operation Phase The activities involving during operation are: • Hotel and hospitality services to guest and tourist • Promotion of tourism

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

2.5 Requirement of the Project 2.5.1 Human Resource

During construction phase a total of 5,260 skilled and 21,040 semi skilled human resources will be needed. While in operation phase, there will be need of 115 staffs (direct/indirect) mainly working in hotel. Local people will be prioritized for job opportunity upon qualification.

2.5.2 Materials to be Required

The materials used for the construction of hotel are cement, admixture, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, reinforcement, timber etc. These construction materials will not be placed in the public place. The project proponent will manage the site for the stockpiling of construction materials within its own land and the stockpiling materials will be placed after covering them to avoid the pollution in the site.

The construction materials required for the project are shown in the following table which includes;

Table 2-2 Construction Materials Required for the Project

S.N. Materials Unit Amount 1. Construction-Cement kg 94,59,624.00 2. Sand Kg 1,41,89,436.00 3. Stone 20mm kg 1,31,44,940.00 4. Stone 12.5mm kg 87,69,860.00 5. Admixture lit 1,18,24,300.00 Source: DPR of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd.

2.5.3 Power Supply

Generally, supply of power differs based on the construction and operation phase. In construction phase the power will be supplied from NEA supply electricity and partially from using disel generator.

While at the time of operation phase, the hotel will have used power from NEA supply electricity for lighting and heating purpose. Whereas, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) will be used for cooking purposed. The supply line of national grid through 2 transformer of capacity 750 kVA will be used. In addition, hotel has plan to install solar panel as the alternative source of energy. The hotel is planning to use 100% LED and Auto power ON/OFF in case of common areas; a step concerning towards Global Warming and Climate Change.

2.5.4 Water Storage, Supply System and Sanitation

An appropriate management of water and sanitation will be undertaken. The estimated volume of water is presented in following table.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

The proposed water supply system of hotel is given in Table 2-3.

Table 2-3: Proposed Water Supply System of Hotel

Water requirement/day 120,000 L Treatment plant capacity 15 CUM/Hr. Underground water storage 82,000 L Overhead water Storage 39,000 L Proposed Treatment type Iron remover, Dual media filter, Activated carbon filter Waste Water Management Plan Yes Treatment plant type Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) Size of waste water treatment 100,000 L plant Rain water Harvesting system Separate tank for storage of rain water and ground water recharge Use of rain water Ground water recharge, Gardening and cleaning Source: Salient Feature of Hotel, 2018

Hotel will maintain good sanitation with clean adequate number of toilet/bath room services together with soap and hand wash and maintain disable friendly structures. Every floor will be cleaned 2 times daily with antiseptic (organic up to available).

At present there is no provision of authority to provide the permission for Ground Water Extraction, however in future if there will be the provision of authority the proponent will take the Ground Water Extraction permission.

2.5.5 Open Space and Parking Area

The two-story basement will be used for parking with total area of 4957.28 Sq. m. which has space for parking of 117 cars, 250 motorbikes and 50 cycles. The hotel also has enough open space & road as only 32.63% of land which will be used for maintenance of urban greenery.

2.5.6 Solid Waste Management

Major activities regarding solid waste management in BSMC are street sweeping on the road side, door to door waste collection and transportation to the sites managed by ward in “Kholsi”. In long term duration from such activities has triggered downstream pollution during monsoon season. BSMC is actively working on the public awareness program on 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) Principle to strengthen the source segregation and composting at household level.

During construction phase, the reusable materials will be reused for final construction works like labelling ground, soling or even used to filling pot holes within or nearby the project rural roads. While, recyclable will send to scrap collectors of nearby vendors. While during operation phase; Hotel has plan to manage SW as per scientific way to reduce waste from the source. For which, 3 R (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse) principles will be adopted by hotel for solid waste management. The solid waste will be segregated by keeping dust bin in every room. Waste Segregation mechanism will be installed by color coded dustbins so that organic and non-organic disposal is easily separated. It is anticipated that the occupants would themselves Page|12

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal be encouraged for the segregation of waste before it reaches the dustbins. After segregation, the hotel is planning to send their organic waste to fed livestock in animal husbandry farm. Generally, inorganic waste including plastic bottles, plastic bags, plastic pipes, metal cans, glass bottles, waste papers will be sold to scrap collectors. For the rest waste will then be disposed to the Municipal disposal site (in coordination with municipality waste management system). Where, the Hotel will have committed to prohibit the use of plastic bags below 30 microns and complete deported of mercury, lead in the hotel. Also, hotel management has planned to use silver bag of fiber to reduce and minimize use of plastic bags within the hotel premises.

2.5.7 Waste Water Management

Hotel will develop the waste water treatment plant to treat waste water. For waste water treatment, Hotel will install the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) waste treatment technology.

Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR): Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) is a type of wastewater treatment process. The MBBR system consists of an aeration tank (similar to an activated sludge tank) with special plastic carriers that provide a surface where a biofilm can grow. The carriers are made of a material with a density close to the density of water (1 g/cm3). An example is high-density polyethylene (HDPE) which has a density close to 0.95 g/cm3]5. The carriers will be mixed in the tank by the aeration system and thus will have good contact between the substrate in the influent wastewater and the biomass on the carriers.

MBBR systems don't need a recycling of the sludge, which is the case with activated sludge systems. Some other advantages compared to activated sludge systems are: • Higher effective sludge retention time (SRT) which is favorable for nitrification • Responds to load fluctuations without operator intervention • Lower sludge production • Less area required • Resilient to toxic shock • Process performance independent of secondary clarifier (due to the fact that there is no sludge return line)

After the sludge or the liquid waste generate in hotel are transported, screened and collected goes to treatment. After the sludge gets treated at MBBR system, it goes to recharge pit.

5 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_bed_biofilm_reactor, Retrieved on 10/09/2019. Page|13

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

The process of MBBR system are as follows;

Screen Raw sewage from the source is usually received into the screening chamber by gravity. Screen provided will remove all floatables and big size matter such as plastic bottles, polythene bags, glasses, stones, etc., which may otherwise choke the pipeline and pumps. Oil and Grease Trap

If the sewage generated includes maximum quantity from kitchen and canteen, there is a possibility of higher concentrations of oil and grease in the raw sewage. It needs to be removed before biological treatment as it otherwise may cause problems for biological treatment. Usually, a small civil construction tank with a baffle wall is provided. The oil and grease removed by gravity floats to the surface, which is removed manually.

Equalization Tank Usually, sewage generation is more during morning hours and evening hours. Visually no sewage is generated during night hours. Any biological system needs constant feed for bacteria to work efficiently. Hence, it is important to put an equalization tank to collect the excess flow during peak hours and feed sewage in lean hours. A typical equalization tank has a capacity of MINIMUM 6hours of average flow rate. Provision of air grid is to be made for thoroughly mixing the sewage to make it of homogenous quality and to keep the suspended matter in suspension and to avoid septic conditions. Biological Treatment The main pollutants in the raw sewage are represented in the form of Biological Oxygen

Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen MBBR MEDIA Demand (COD). The bacterial ability to Page|14

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal synthesize the organic matter to harmless end products like carbon dioxide and water molecules is utilized to treat the raw sewage. The bio-reactions are carried out in controlled environment in the bio-reactor. The bio-reactor comprises of a tank, fitted with aeration grid. The bacterial activity needs dissolved oxygen, to synthesize the organic matter. This is supplied by passing air in form of small bubbles. The air is passed at the bottom of the tank, so that complete volume of tank is utilized. Oxygen dissolves in liquid, which can now be used by the bacteria. The bacterial population grows on specially designed carrier media, which forms an integral part of the reactor system. The media is made of small polypropylene elements. A very large surface area is available for the bacterial population to grow.

Intermediate Tank This is for continuous recirculation of the sewage after aeration to anoxic tank.

Flocculation cum Tube Settler The suspended solids and non-bio degradable biomass must be removed before the effluent goes for filtration process. Hence a Clarifier in the form of a tube settler is provided. In the tube settler the non-bio degradable bio-mass is removed & suspended solids are settled under action of gravity. The settled mass is to drained and discarded as sludge. A flocculation zone with agitation arrangement is also introduced with dosing system before the tube settler to enhance the settling process.

Disinfection The treated sewage is then added with chlorine to kill the pathogens / E-Coli coliforms, so that it becomes fit for disposal in the lake / water ways. Chlorine being a very strong oxidizing agent, a small dose of 3 – 4 mg /l is enough to achieve desired levels of dis-infection. Small residual chlorine (of the order of 0.2 – 0.25 mg / l) also ensures that there is no re-growth of E- coli, till the final disposal point. The treated sewage, now substantially free from organic contamination, free from coliform bacteria can be safely disposed off in the river, or in other water bodies. This water can also be re-used for gardening / toilet flushing or for other secondary applications after suitable tertiary treatment.

Tertiary Treatment In case the water is to be reused the treated effluent after disinfection is first passed through a bed of filtration sand and anthracite and subsequently through a bed of activated carbon for further polishing. While filtration restricts the suspended solids, activated carbon absorbs organic color and odor. The filtration bed periodically requires a backwash.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Sludge Holding Tank

Sludge is transferred to a collection tank either by gravity or through pump depending on site condition. Sludge present in the tank is dispersed through private/municipal tankers in regular intervals.

Figure 2-5: Process Flow Diagram of MBBR

2.5.8 Rain Water harvesting and Recharge Pits

The use of gutter in all the blocks of the building will in practice and recharge pits will be placed in suitable area within the hotel area. The proponent will have installed rain water harvesting system in the hotel as in plan document. Rain water collection system will be established within hotel by the proponent to reduce the consumption of ground water and probable recharge of ground water table.

2.5.9 Emergency Preparedness and Hazard Management

To prevent from the possible fire hazard, the hotel will fit fire extinguishers in appropriate places of hotel and water sprinkle system connected with high pressure water supply. The adequate information will be dispatched on wall for fire safety measures like “No Smoking Zone”. Beside this the hotel building will be constructed as per National Building Code of Nepal. The proper security system, alarm and PAS (Public Announcement System) for Page|16

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal emergency announce, the lift and proper emergency exits are needed for emergency preparedness which will be adopted by hotel. There has been provisional opening for emergency exits system through fires safety staircase in order to avoid and reduce accidental hazard. The hotel building will be earthquake resistance as per provision of IS and National Building code 2060. Hotel will provide training of occupation safety to all staffs including fire and earthquake safety. 1. Firefighting system (as per NBC and by local by-laws). 2. Fire hydrant and hose reel system 3. Fire department connection 4. Sprinkler system 5. Emergency Exit 6. Safety Measures

In the time of Multi hazards Early warning is a major element of disaster risk reduction. It can prevent loss of life and reduce the economic and material impacts of hazardous events including disasters. To be effective, early warning systems need to actively involve the people and communities at risk from a range of hazards, facilitate public education and awareness of risks, disseminate messages and warnings efficiently and ensure that there is a constant state of preparedness and that early action is enabled.

2.5.10 Swimming Pool

All the safety measure will be provided for the safety of swimming pool. Water loads as well as wall loads have been explicitly modeled in the structural model so swimming pool at 2nd floor is torsional safe. Also, nearly 4000 lit (presumed) waste water after cleaning of swimming pool will be send to MBBR for treatment and finally send into recharge pit.

2.5.11 Grievance Handling Mechanism Unit

The Hotel Saffron CK will develop a grievance Management unit and Environmental Unit under direct leadership of Managing Director. The unit consists of an environmental and social officer (part time) along with representative from each department of hotel like waiter, housekeeping etc. The team is responsible for redress of grievance from labor as well as with local people. The Grievance Handling unit will also responsible for proper management of waste.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

3. CHAPTER III: STUDY METHODOLOGY

This EIA study is done as per the approved ToR and considered the scopes determined during scoping excercise. In addition, the environmental statutory legal provisions; EPA, 1997, EPR, 1997, National EIA Guidelines, 1993 and technical documents of the hotel were also studied during the desk study phase. The field visit by expert team was conducted in 2076/11/13-14 B.S. which assessed the field based situation, assessment of probable impacts. The public hearing was conducted on 2076/11/22 B.S. in BSMC-8, as provisioned by EPR, 1997 A.D.

3.1 Desk Study 3.1.1 Literature Review of Project Related Documents

The environmental statutory legal provisions; EPA, 1997, EPR, 1997, National EIA Guidelines, 1993 the EIA Scoping document, approved ToR, were reviewed in detail to come up with the hotel study requirements both at the desk level and field level. Similarly, topographic map produced by Department of Survey and satellite image extracted from Google Earth were used to assess surrounding environment, land use and physical structures. Following, literatures of the hotel like soil test report, engineering drawing of hotel i.e. Architectural and structural, documents related to water supply and waste water treatment system, legal documents of hotel. After secondary information at hand, discussions and consultation meetings were carried out with the hotel design engineers for further verification of the proponent's understanding of the hotel, and overall operation modalities. Design merits and demerits of the various alternative options of hotel operation were also discussed for the selection of best alternatives on the environmental grounds. Also, checklists were prepared related to physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment.

Figure 3-1: Project Direct Impact Zone (50m) from the Project Area

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Figure 3-2: Topographic Map Showing Hotel Saffron CK Project Area

3.2 Project Area Delineation 3.2.1 Direct Impact Zone (DIZ)

Direct impact zone refers to a direct alteration in the existing environmental condition as a consequence of project activity (National EIA Guidelines-1993). The area of hotel construction and operation and up to 50m from the proposed hotel boundary is therefore considered as the direct impact zone (Figure 3-1). From the proposed project, 20 HHs and 2 Hotels are going to be influenced from the Proposed Project Implementation.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

3.2.2 Indirect Impact Zone (IIZ)

National EIA Guidelines 1993 has defined an indirect impact zone as the areas with environmental components having repercussions by other environmental components affect/changed by the project component or its activity. For this proposal, ward no. 08 of Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City lies under IIZ.

3.2.3 Zone of Influence (ZOI)

The area under project influence would be Project implementation local level as practiced in EIA studies in Nepal. Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City is considered as the Zone of Influence.

3.3 Field Investigation

Field survey was conducted from 2076/11/15 to 2076/11/18 after approval of ToR and SD on 2076/11/14 (ANNEX I) in order to collect and verify the information relating to existing physical, biological, socio-economic and cultural environment of the area, and documenting the concerns and issues raised by the public during the consultation and public hearing. A team of experts comprising Project Coordinator, Environmental Expert, Civil Engineer, Sociologist, Environmnetal Officer, and Field Enumerator visited the site to collect the environmental issues related to physical, biological, socio-economic environment.

3.3.1 Physical Environment

Field observation and walk through survey was adopted from the team of environmental expert, biologist, sociologist and field level enumerators. The physical checklist was used for identifying the parameters associated with hotel construction which includes topography, geology and soil, drainage and hydrology, land use, climate and rainfall, air, water and noise quality, solid waste management practice and so on.

For the pollutant parameter measurement, instruments were installed for pollution measurement especially for air and noise while incase for water, sample was collected and transferred to lab in controlled setting for testing. All the experiment was completed based in scientific procedures.

Following, in case for solid waste management current practices from the hotel and restaurants; samples of solid waste generated within 24 hours was collected from different category hotel and restaurants. Then the collected waste was categoirized and quantified. The findings are presented in Figure 4-5.

Table 3-1: Methods of Survey for Air, Water and Noise Quality Pollutant S.N. Parameters Units Method of Measurement Category 1. PM & PM µg/m3 Gravimetric (LVAS), JIS Z 8814 (1981) method Air 10 2.5 2. TSP µg/m3

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Pollutant S.N. Parameters Units Method of Measurement Category 3. Color 2120 B. APHA 23st edition 4. Electrical µS/cm 2510 B. APHA 23st edition Conductivity 5. pH at 24oC 4500 H+ B. APHA 23st edition 6. Total Solid NTU 2540 B. APHA 23st edition 7. Turbidity mg/L 2130 B. APHA 23st edition

8. Water Ammonia-N mg/L 4500 NH3 F. APHA 23st edition 9. Chloride mg/L 4500-Cl- B. APHA 23st edition 10. Iron mg/L 3500-Fe B. APHA 23st edition - st 11. Nitrate-N mg/L 4500 NO3 B. APHA 23 edition 12. Total Hardness mg/L as 2340 C. APHA 23st edition CaCO3 13. Coliform P/A Vials 14. Noise Noise Pollution [Leq Digital Sound Level Meter (dB)]

The obtained air, water and noise data were then checked on compliance perspectives with National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS-2012), National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS-2012) and National Noise Quality Standard (NNQS-2012) respectively for analyzing the results to way out possible solutions to minimize the extent of pollution within the range of standards.

3.3.2 Biological Environment

Public consultation for settlement level was completed for generation information on existing biological informations. The biological checklist includes type of tree species within and nearby the project areas. The checklist also includes major flora, fauna, birds, fishes, amphibians and NTFP (Non-Timber Forest Products) information found within the ZOI.

3.3.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

In order to collect baseline information on socio-economic and cultural environment, questionnaire checklist for HHs level was prepared which includes general information on affected HHs, total population affected, caste and ethnicity, economically active population and other economic aspects such as source of lighting and fuel energy, drinking water, toilet facility, health facilities, market centers etc.

While, public consultation for settlement level was completed for generation information on existing health facilities, market centers, economic activities and religious and cultural informations.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

3.4 Impacts Identification, Prediction and Evaluation Methods

As per procedure and format provided in National EIA Guidelines, 1993; the impacts were categorized as direct and indirect. Each of the direct and indirect impacts was further evaluated in terms of their extent (site specific, local or regional), magnitude (high, moderate and low) and duration (short-term, medium-term and long-term).

While categorizing the impacts into significant and insignificant depending on the nature of impact, the impact identification matrix was prepared. The following aspects were taken into account to each of the identified issues:

Table 3-2: Impact Identification Matrix Magnitude Score Extent Score Duration Score High/Major 60 Regional 60 Long Term 20 Moderate/Medium 20 Local 20 Medium Term 10 Minor/Low 10 Site specific 10 Short Term 05 Source: National EIA Guidelines, 1993

The significance was determined based on cumulative results of Magnitude, Extent and Duration. The maximum scores were 140 and a minimum value was 25 which will help to know about the significance of impacts. The cumulative scores on these analyses were used to decide on the significance of the impacts.

Table 3-3: Numerical Scales in the National EIA Guidelines

S.N. Cumulative Score Description 1. < 50 Insignificant 2. 50 to 75 Significant 3. > 75 Highly Significant Source: National EIA Guidelines, 1993

3.5 Public/Stakeholder Consultation

Public concerns/suggestion and opinions were collected and incorporated within the EIA report. Public consultation for settlement level was completed for generation information on existing biological informations followed by information on settlement level like for generation information on existing health facilities, market centers, economic activities and religious and cultural informations. Also, additional mitigation measures had also been collected during public hearing minutes (ANNEX IV).

3.6 Public Hearing

A public hearing is mandatory for projects requiring EIA by EPR 1997. Under the EPR 2077, the public has the right to examine relevant project information and make their concerns, opinions and suggestions known to the proponent and other concerned authorities.

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Publication of notice was done on the National Daily local newspaper on “Butwal Today” 2076/11/19 (ANNEX II). Local people and concerned stakeholders were informed after notice publication in order to disseminate outcome of EIA study, predicted impacts and prescribed mitigation measures and further solicit responses in the prescribed manner. A public hearing program was scheduled at the hotel construction site premises dated on 2076/11/22. In addition, Letters of Recommendation was also collected by from Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City–8 Ward Office (ANNEX V).

3.6.1 Objectives of the Public Hearing

The objectives of the program are:

• To inform the local people, line agencies, NGOs and other stakeholder on the technical and environmental aspects of Project. • To update the local people about the present status and on-going activities of the project • To receive information about public concerns and views. • To revise the draft EIA report incorporating with the concerns of local people.

3.6.2 Issues Raised by Stakeholders During Public Hearing

All of the issues raised (Table 5-2) during the public hearing program was drafted for incorporation in the final report. This report includes the concerns and suggestions received from public hearing and prepare the environmental mitigation measures and enhancement measures.

3.6.3 Collection of Recommendation Letter The recommendation letter was collected from the project affected ward number 8 of Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City after public hearing and attached in ANNEX V.

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4. CHAPTER IV: DESCRIPTION OF EXISTING ENVIRONMENT

This chapter describes the existing baseline environmental condition of the project area based on the detailed site investigation during the EIA process. The local level information of the project was gathered from secondary sources from district/local level profile. The existing environmental conditions such as physical, biological and socio-economic and cultural environment are described simultaneously:

4.1 Physical Environment 4.1.1 Topography

Administratively, Rupandehi district lies in the province-5 of Nepal. Geographically, the project area lies in Terai zone of Nepal.On the East it shares border with Nawalparasi District, on West with Kapilvastu District, on North with Palpa District and on South with India. The elevation of the district lies between 100 m to 1229 m from sea level. The total area of the district is 134,650 ha (CBS, 2013) with 16.1% in Chure Range and rest in the Terai region.

While, Hotel Saffron CK lies at 27°41'10.83"N latitudes and 83°28'17.04"E longitude in same district. It has proposed for an area of 5497.51 Sq. m. The elevation of the project lies at 170 masl. The project lies about 274 km south-west of Kathmandu, 250 km south of Pokhara and 120 km west of Chitwan. Generally, Rupandehi district lies in outer Terai. The Project area where it located at ward 08 of BSMC is surrounded by mixed urban residential area type of settlement.

4.1.2 Land Use Pattern

Rupandehi district cover 134,650 hac land Table 4-1. As the project lies in Terai zone of Nepal, the land is flat plain with no possibilities of happening extreme events like river or urban flooding. Also, project is point project type; the land use type of the DIZ is private barren land. The detailed sub-categories are presented in same table as mentioned. Table 4-1: Topographical Distribution of Land in Rupandehi District (area in ha.) Total Forest Agricultural Water Barren District Shrub Total Area Land Bodies Land Rupandehi 19,897 3,989 99,894 1,807 9,063 134,650 Source: CBS, 2013

The hotel has been proposed for an area of 5497.51 Sq. m. Majority of the land within 50m from Project area is either house (hotel) or road with scatter tree on other side of road. The land use map of BSMC has been presented in Figure 4-1.

Whereas, the project area lies in the private barren land. The land is private land which has been already procured from the owner of proposed Hotel Saffron CK.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Figure 4-1: Land Use Map of Butwal SMC

Source: Butwal SMC, Rupandehi (Retrieved from http://butwalmun.gov.np/node/267 )

4.1.3 Geology and Soil Type

The proposed hotel lies in a thrust of Western Nepal; Rupandehi. The present study area falls in the Terai plain (Southern Terai) of Nepal which is a continuation of Indo-Gangatic plain. This zone represents the northern edge of the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain and forms the southernmost tectonic division of Nepal. Though, Physiographically, this zone does not belong to the main part of the Himalaya, it is a foreland basin and owes its origin to the rise of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust (HFT) which is exposed at many places. At many places along this thrust, the Churia rocks are found to rest over the sediments of the Terai. Churia Hills consist rocks of Churia Formation. The Churia Formation consist of fine grained sandstone, shale and conglomerate and is the source rocks for most of the alluvium underlying the Terai plain.

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The geology of Butwal SMC is of coarse boulder conglomerates with irregular beds of yellow, brown, grey sandy clays. While, that of hotel area is represented by sand, silt, clay and gravel/pebbles beneath the surface (Geotechnical Investigation Works, 2020). It is almost flat and the gradient is less than 0.1 %.

Soil Description: The surface as well as sub-surface geological features existing at the building site is shown in

Table 4-2: Soil Description

Source: Final Soil Test Report of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd., 2020

From the same soil investigation report has recommended us that the proposed site in not susceptible to liquefaction at the time of major earthquake. Following, the recommended preventive measures in the soilt test report should be able to keep all structures around safe however, the adjoining sides of the protected area needs additional treatments.

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Table 4-3: Summary Report of Soil Investigation for Hotel

Details of soil test report is on ANNEX IX.

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4.1.4 Climate and Rainfall

The climatic region varies even within the Rupandehi district of the project area. The various climatic regions based on elevation and percentage of land in these regions is discussed in the following table. Mainly three types of climate conditions have the influence in the district.

Table 4-4: Climate Zone of Rupandehi District Elevation Range Percentage Climate Zone Project Area6 (masl) (%) Lower As proposed Project lies at an elevation of Below 300 m 89.3% Tropical 170 masl which lies below 300m. So, the Upper tropical 300 to 1,000 m 10.5% climatic zone of the project area is Lower Sub-tropical 1,000 to 2,000 m 0.2% Tropical

Temperature and rainfall analysis is carried out by the record available in the Bhairahawa Airport Station index no. 0705.

Average Max. and Min. Temperature of Bhairahawa Airport Station of Study Area 40 35 30 25

C 20 o 15 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month Min Avg Max Avg

Figure 4-2: Monthly Average Temperature Data of Butwal Airport, Rupandehi (2007-2016 AD)

BSMC has a warm climate. The minimum temperature of nearby proposed Project site is recorded 8.88oC in the month of January, while the maximum temperature recorded is 36.86oC, in the month of April. While, it receives highest rainfall in the month of July. Summer monsoon is prevalent from the month of May up to September while decrease in rainfall is observed in winter. The average rainfall is 1566.65 mm.

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The climatic information was referenced from Bhairahawa Airport Station installed at an altitude of 109 masl.

Monthly Average Rainfall of Bhairahawa Airport Station of Study Area 500.00 450.00 400.00 350.00 300.00

250.00 mm 200.00 150.00 100.00 50.00 0.00 JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Month

Figure 4-3: Monthly Average Rainfall of Bhairahawa Airport Station of Project Area

4.1.5 Drainage and Hydrology

The major rivers of the Rupandehi district that are nearby and indirectly interact with the proposed project are Tinau and Danab rivers of perennial type. Most of the deep aquifers recharge from infiltration of rainfall in the Bhabar Zone and also from the induced infiltration through the Tinau and Danab as major and other rivers flowing through the district (Khatri, N. 2004). From this, it is observed that Tinau and Danab river are major watershed of project site. These rivers play important role for providing construction material during construction phase.

4.1.6 Seismicity

The evolution of the great Himalayan arc is the result of collision between the Indian and the Eurasian tectonic plates. As the Himalaya lies in the plate boundary, the region is considered as one of the active seismic zone of the World. Being a part of the Himalaya, Nepal is considered to be active seismic zone. The existence of tectonic features such as MCT (Main Central Thrust), MBT (Main Boundary Thrust), HFT (Himalayan Frontal Thrust) and other active regional faults further accelerates the rate of seismic risk. The seismic hazard map of Project site is presented in following figure.

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Project Site

Figure 4-4: Seismic Hazard Map of Nepal

4.1.7 Air, Noise and Water Quality

The operation of standby generator, vehicular emissions and the road dust are the major source of pollution in the area. The study team had installed experimentation system for 24 hours to monitor air quality parameters like Respirable Particulate Matter (PM10), Respirable Fine Matter (PM2.5) and Total Suspended Particles (TSP).

Main source of air pollution in BSMC are vehicles and rapid urbanization. Considering the local anthropogenic sources of air pollutants, the ambient air quality of the area is assumed not to be polluted by point source industrial activities which contribute pollution load.

Table 4-5 Air Pollution Monitoring Result of Proposed Hotel Site (in µg/m3) Tolerance Location Air pollutants Concentration Limit (NAAQS, Evaluation 2012) Butwal Respirable Particulate Matter 96.02 120 Within the SMC-08, (PM10) limit Sukhanagar Respirable Fine Particles (PM ) 29.72 40 2.5 Total Suspended Particles (TSP) 201.51 230 Source: Field Study, 2019 Note: For this, GTI Combined Sampler GTI-241 (As in above photographs) (Air Sampler was used for monitoring the ambient air quality).

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Noise level of the hotel building and periphery of the hotel building was measured by Sound meter level. The average noise pollution level measured for mixed urban residential area (69.4 dB) at Project site which is above the standard (National Ambient Sound Quality Standard (NASQS) 2012). This is because of project site is adjacent to the Mahendra Highway.

Table 4-6: Noise Pollution Monitoring Result of Project Site (in dB) Maximum Minimum Average Standard Location Sound Sound Sound Sound Remarks Intensity Intensity Intensity Intensity Noise is above the standard Butwal SMC-08, because of project site is just 94.5 53.3 69.4 63 Sukhanagar at the side of Mahendra Highway Source: Field Study, 2019

Note: For this, Digital Sound Level Meter was used for recording ambient sound.

During field visit it was found there is no major source of external sources to degrade ground water quality. Sampling at in-situ of proposed Project site shows that all the parameters are found to be within the range of National Drinking Water Quality Standard (NDWQS) 2062.

Table 4-7: Summary of Water Quality Parameters of the Project Area NDWQS, 2012 Observed Values for Parameters Units Permissible Value Butwal SMC-08, Sukhanagar Color TCU 5 (10) 5 Electrical Conductivity µS/cm 1500 (max) 786 pH at 24oC - 6.5-8.5 7.5 Total Solid NTU - 104 Turbidity mg/L 5 (15) 5 Ammonia-N mg/L 1.5 0.03 Chloride mg/L 250 13.99 Iron mg/L 0.3 (3) 0.21 Nitrate-N mg/L 50 2.50

Total Hardness mg/L as CaCO3 500 92 Coliform - - Absent Source: Field Study, 2019

4.1.8 Solid Waste Management

The proposed location of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. is situated in heart of BSMC. Entire households nearby hotel are used for business purposes. There is increasing touristic business prevail west of proposed hotel location i.e. Amrapali Hotel. Shree Mid-Western Pritana Headquarter, Butwal lies about 100 meters south from the hotel while 8-minute average drive distance from the Office of Chief Minister of Province 5.

The Direct Impact Zone (DIZ) is considered as 50 meters’ area from the proposed location of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. There are 23 households in DIZ.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

The hotel is expected to generate 294Kg/day (245* 1.27= 294Kg/day when hotel have full occupancy with 130 visitors and 115 numbers staffs of the hotel per day. As per survey conducted in March, 2020 from the field team in DIZ, it has been found that major waste generation types are glass and organic waste with an average 48% and 42% respectively (Figure 4-5). In this, glass will be send to scrap collector while organic waste to animal husbandry farm. For which out of 10% waste; in an average 4% plastic waste and 1% paper waste will also be send to scraper for recycling. The remaining in an average 5% waste or 14.7 kg (full-occupancy) waste will only be necessary to send in landfill site of BSMC which is easily handled and manageable by hotel in long run. This shows the sustainable means of source reduction of waste management practices will be adopted by Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd.

Waste Characterization of Nearby Hotel/Restaurant

Others (Dust) Textile Rubber Glass Paper Plastic Organic

0.000 5.000 10.000 15.000 20.000 25.000 30.000 35.000

Amrapali Hotel The Tanduri Restaurant Pizza Piza Café Diyalo Foodland The Coffee Club Korean Restaurant

Figure 4-5: Waste Characterization and Quantification of Nearyby Hotels and Restaurants

4.2 Biological Environment

The project site does not lie in protected area as well as ecologically sensitive area. The project area lies in the barren land. The land is private land. As the hotel is located in urban center, no any forest and vegetation have been reported from the project area. There is only herb/shrub type invasive plant species like Banmara (Lantena camera), Ganaune Jhar (Ageratum conyzoides), Dubo (Cynodon dactylon) etc. Some planted tree species such as Dalbergia sissoo (Sissau), Acacia catechu (Khayer) and Bombax ceiba (Simal) are found as most common trees present nearby the Project area (Observable). No trees need to be fallen during construction of the project.

7 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46819938_Municipal_solid_waste_generation_in_Kathmandu_Nepal, Retrieved on 10/09/2019. Page|32

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

4.2.1 Plant/Vegetation Diversity

However, the proposed Project lies within the tropical region; Dalbergia sissoo (Sissau), Acacia catechu (Khayer) and Bombax ceiba (Simal) are found as most common trees nearby the Project area (Observable). Similarly, fodder plants in the project area are Bakaino (Melia azedarach), Kutmiro (Litsea monopetala), Dabdabe (Garuga pinnata), and Tanki (Bauhinia purpurea).

4.2.2 Wildlife Diversity

Similar with vegetation section, Syal (Canis aureus), Lokharke (Funambulus pennantii) and Nyauri Musa (Herpestes edwardsii) have been reported as faunal species during public interaction. While, Chil (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), Bhangero (Passer domesticus), Kag (Corvus macrorhynchos), Suga (Agapornis pallarius) have been reported as Avianfauna and Snake (Xeno chrophispiscator), Lizard (Chamaeleo Calyptratus), Gohoro (Varanus flavescens), Frog (Rana tigrina), Toad (Bufo toad) as Herpetofauna like are found in the Project nearby areas.

4.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment 4.3.1 Rupandehi District

In Rupandehi district, there are 163916 HHs where 880196 individuals [432193 (49%) male and female with 448003 (51%)] are the inhabitants of the district (Rupandehi District Profile, 2017). The average HH size in Rupandehi district is 5.37 with sex ratio 96.5. The population density is 647 persons per sq. km. The major caste/ethnic group of the district are Brahman- Hill 140831 (16%), Magar with 96822 (11%) and Tharu with 88020 (10%) among total population.

4.3.2 Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City

Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City consist of 19 wards. The total population of Butwal Sub Metropolitan City is 138742 (Table 5.13) with an area of 101.63 sq. km. According to the BSMC Profile, 2017, there are 34097 households in BSMC with total population of 138742. Out of total population 57189 (49.22%) are male and 81553 (50.78%) are female. The major caste/ethnic group of the BSMC are Brahman-Hill 36390 (30.72%), Magar with 22677 (19.14%) and Chhetri with 16547 (13.97%) among total population.

4.3.3 Economic Sector and Employment Opportunities at BSMC Based on income, education level and life expectancy, Human Development Index (HDI) was developed by UNDP in 2014. As per UNDP, 2014 report; Rupandehi has better Human Development Index (HDI) than the Nepal context i.e. 0.498 (Nepal 0.490). While Human Poverty Index (HPI) for Rupandehi is found to be 26.15 (Nepal 31.12) shows the better figure than the country as a whole.

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In recent days, BSMC has started initiation for adopting agriculture modernization and promoting local agriculture practices and products. For this, there has been initiated practices of organizing and establishing local market events “Haat Bazzar” through Community Based Organizations (CBOs) or Cooperatives as well. For this, in order to improve the overall HDI, one of the indicator “income” has playing an important role in improving economic level of people. In this case, BSMC has identified following economic sectors like agriculture and animal husbandry intensification/modernization, small to large scale enterprises and industrial development for creating opportunities of employment. This ultimately is playing a significant role in revenue collection of BSMC. 4.3.4 Enterprises and Human Resource Invovement within DIZ

As BSMC is considered as one of core area of industrial area Special Economic Zone (SEZ) (Sez); most of the business extension upto the rural hilly and mountainous districts are operated from this SMC. Most of the commodity goods have been supplied from this SMC. This is one of the major market of Province No. 5 based on retail and wholesale business.

4.3.5 Project Affected Ward-8, BSMC 4.3.3.1 Demography and Caste/Ethnic Composition of Ward

There are 3175 households with total population of 11942 in BSMC Ward no. 08. Of the total population, 5856 (49.03%) are male and 6086 (50.97%) are female. The major caste/ethnic group of the ward are Brahman-Hill 3668 (31%), Magar with 2286 (19.1%) and Chhetri with 1668 (14%) among total population.

Table 4-8: Economically Active Population of BSMC-8

Ward Age group Total population Percentage 0-14 3,421 28.65 Ward-8 of BSMC 15-59 7,838 65.63 60 and Above 683 5.72 Source: BSMC Profile, 2017

4.3.3.2 Ownership of Household Majority of people rented houses within ward-8 for living i.e. 1779 HHs (56.03%). While 1214 (38.23%) housing unit have been owned as individual HHs and rest by other.

4.3.3.3 Religion and Beliefs

Majority of people follow Hinduism. 86.24% (10299) of the population are Hindu followed by 8.23% (983) Islam and 4.61% (551) Buddhism and less than 1% others.

4.3.3.4 Mother Tongue

The major language of communication is Nepali as 8958 (75.01%) and other with 24.99% within the ward-8.

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4.3.3.5 Major Occupation and Income Source

Large proportion of population in ward-8 of BSMC are engaged in study 4251 (35.6%) followed by business 2448 (20.5%), service 1409 (11.8%), house-wife 1206 (10.1%), working abroad 525 (4.4%), labor 370 (3.1%) and other sectors 1732 (9.1%).

4.3.3.6 Literacy and Educational Institutions

The majority of the population are literate within the affected ward of BSMC i.e. 86.38% (10435) can read and write while 12.62% (1507) can’t read and write.

Some of the educational institutions that lies nearby the ward is, Butwal Technical Institute, Siddhartha Gautam Buddha Campus, Shree Kanti Higher Secondary School, Balaji College of Technology.

4.3.3.7 Drinking Water Facility

People of ward-8 of BSMC use different sources for drinking water. Most of the people are dependent upon the Tap/piped source as a source of drinking water. Other source of drinking water includes tube well and covered well, etc.

Table 4-9: Households by Main Source of Drinking Water in BSMC-8

Total HHs Tap/piped water Tube well / hand pump Covered well/kuwa Ward-8 of BSMC 3175 3003 (94.6) 154 (4.9) 18 (0.6) Source: BSMC Profile, 2017

4.3.3.8 Health and Sanitation Facility

The project area is nearby the core area of Butwal which has 4 hospitals (Lumbini Zonal Hospital, Siddhartha Children and Women’s Hospital, Butwal Hospital and Siddhartha Ayurveda Hospital), one Nursing Home (Lumbini Nursing Home) and 21 policlinics with a total number of 460 beds.

Most of HHs in project area have access to toilet. 93.68% households have better toilet facility with flush toilet while only 5.02% households have pan-toilet facility.

Beyond this, the common diseases reported within the ward sub-health post of BSMC are gastroenteritis and diarrhea which may be due to poor water quality, lack of proper surface drainage systems and solid waste management. There is no centralized sewerage system in Butwal. The present system of the sewage disposal is the on-site sanitation with septic tank and soak pits.

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4.3.3.9 Energy Use

Source of Fuel Used for Cooking: LPG gas is the main source of energy in HHs level with 2921 (92%) for cooking in ward-8 of BSMC, Rupandehi. Other sources of energy such as firewood 127 (4%), biogas 95 (3%) and electricity 32 (1%) are also used within the HHs.

Source of lighting: While most of the households or 3045 (95.9%) use electricity as a source of lightening along with 102 (3.2%) HHs for solar and rest with biogas i.e. 29 (0.9%).

4.3.3.10 Economic Activities within the Affected Ward

As the ward lies within the core area of BSMC of urban type. Most of the economic activities are small scale industries, tunnel agriculture for vegetable and fruit growing, poultry and aquaculture and business.

4.3.6 Households Within DIZ

1. Demographic Information: The total households around the project site (DIZ) are found to be 23, which will be affected. The field survey shows that the total population from those HHs are 89. Of which, 42 (46.66%) are male and 47 (53.34%) are female. The average HHs size is found to be 3.86. 2. Ethnicity and Mother Language: Most people belong to Brahmin-Chhetri ethnic group composed 81 (91.01%) and Newar with 8 (8.99%). Almost all people consulted during field visit speaks Nepali language for means of communication. 3. Ownership of House and Type of House: Almost all the consulted 23 HHs representative expressed that they have owned their own houses. While, discussion with respect to the foundation of HHs, all the houses are of RCC with pillar and brick wall bonded with cement. 4. Economically Active Population: The field survey shows that 15-59 age group constitute 66 (74.15%) inhabitants which are considered as economically active population. 5. Water Supply and Sanitation Facility: Almost all people consulted during field visit used piped water from the municipal supply boring water and have pour-flush latrine for defecation purpose. As BSMC is already decleared as Open Defecation Free (ODF) Zone; none of the evidence have been observed from HHs within the project area are doing open defecation. 6. Energy Used for Cooking and Lighting: Almost all people consulted during field visit used LPG gas for cooking and electricity for lighting purpose.

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7. Religion and Culture: During the consultation at the time of household survey, people reported that they beliefs on Hindu religion. Mainly Dashain, Tihar, Maghe Sakranti festival are celebrated around project area. There will be “Mela” in Baishakh Purnima, Chaitra Ashtami and Dashain at Basantapur Danda of Tinau Rural Municipality. There is also a Radha Krishna Temple within IIZ of the proposed project area. 8. Major Occupation: During HHs consulted at survey; among economic active population most of the people are engaged on business or 41 (62.12%), service with 15 (22.72%) and students with 10 (15.15%). 9. Road Network and Air Transport: The project site is connected with double lane black topped road of East-West Highway. There is one domestic airport and one international airport under construction in BSMC. 10. Communication: Nepal Telecom and Ncell are the major communication facilities provider considered in and around BSMC. There is a mobile phone in each household. About 75% of the households have Television Facility and 100% household listen to the radio and use mobile phone. For which, any information related with the proposed project will be easily communicated within the IIZ area during the implementation phase. 11. Public Perception Towards Project: Local people are highly interested toward the project and want immediate construction and operation of the hotel. They recommended prioritizing local to employment opportunity and proper management of hotel noise and waste. Table 4-10: Issues Raised During Public Consultation and Hearing

Date and Venue Issues Raised Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. (Proposed Construction Site Nearby-Hotel Amarapali) 2076/11/22 • Noise management during evening and night time. • Job opportunity for qualified locals in first place. Sukhanagar, Butwal SMC- • Proper management of solid and liquid waste. 08, Rupandehi • CSR activity like allocation of public water tap

12. Market Analysis for Possible Economic Activities: From the field team in March, 2020 have conducted market survey. Findings shows that the materials required for construction activities like sand, aggregate, steel, bricks and cement can be easily procured during construction phase. Following, commodity goods like rice, cereals and vegetables and fruits can also be purchased from the nearby shops and/or hat-bazar for labor camps.

Following table shows the rates of those goods for March, 2020.

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Table 4-11: Goods Availability within the Project Area

Construction Material in Butwal S.N. Material Price 1 Sand Rs 335/cum 2 Aggregate Rs290/cum 3 Steel Rs 80/kg 4 Bricks Rs 14/ Piece 5 Cement Rs 650/bag Commodity Goods in Butwal S.N. Goods Price 1 Rice Rs 64/kg 2 Cereal Rs 100-150/kg 3 Sugar Rs 80/kg 4 Potato Rs 45/kg 5 Cauliflower Rs 40/kg 6 Tomato Rs 75/kg 7 Brinjal Rs 75/kg 8 Onion Rs 85/kg Fruits in Butwal S.N. Goods Price 1 Apple Rs 230/kg 2 Banana Rs 90/dozen 3 Grapes Rs 180/kg 4 Orange Rs 80/kg 5 Cucumber Rs 55/kg Source: Field Study, 2020

4.3.7 Cultural and Tourism Sites

The cultural and tourism sites within ZoI area are briefly described below;

Jeetgadhi Fort: A fortress during Anglo Nepal war, Narayan temple built by (1864 B.S.) Hanuman temple and Shivalaya of Hanumagngadhi, Jalabinayak Mehadev temple, Siddababa temple, Nuwakot etc. are famous centres of attraction in Butwal.

Devdaha: The most historical and beautiful religious site of Nepal situated 13 km east of Butwal is best known for the maternal home of lord Gautam Buddha. It is a place of best natural beauty and pollution-free environment. Shitalnagar Kheirani, Bhawanipur, Bairimai, Kan yamai, Khayardanda etc. are the places of interest.

Butwal Hill Park (Deepnagar): An historic place for the Gurung community. This hill used to be called Gurung Dada because Gurungs were buried here. It separates the city into 2 parts and gives views of both sides.

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Muktidham, Nayagoan: The newly established religious placed constructed on the outskirt of city at Nayagoan, gives a feeling of the Vintage Temple of Muktinath at Mustang.

Global Peace Park: It's a newly born place in Butwal, and can be also called as symbol of peace. Many international celebrities, tourists and models are attracted here for its own beauty and excellence.

Lumbini (The Birth Place of Buddha): Lumbini has a number of older temples, including the Mayadevi Temple, and various new temples, funded by Buddhist organizations from various countries, have been completed or are still under construction. Many monuments, monasteries and a museum, and the Lumbini International Research Institute are also within the holy site. Also, there is the Puskarini, or Holy Pond, where the Buddha's mother took the ritual dip prior to his birth and where he had his first bath. At other sites near Lumbini, earlier Buddha’s were, according to tradition, born, then achieved ultimate Enlightenment and finally relinquished their earthly forms. Lumbini was made a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 19978.

Tilaurakot: Tilaurakot is a village development committee in Kapilvastu District in the Lumbini Zone of southern Nepal. It might have been the cardinal point of the ancient Shakyan city of Kapilvastu, where Gautama Buddha spent 29 years of his lifetime. It is situated west of Lumbini Grove, traditionally held to be the birthplace of Gautama Buddha. The site was listed as a UNESCO tentative site in 1996 by the Nepalese government.

Sainamaina: Located about 12 km. west from Butwal and to North from Banakatti, Sainamaina as an open museum is very famous and fascinating resort from historical archaeological culture and natural points of view. Among the different Gramas villages of Shakya King, it was in the samgrama site. An Indian queen (Begum Hazrat Mahal of Awadh) because of the British disturbance in her kingdom came to this area with her soldiers and porters (‘Sena’ and Mena’) and finally this area came to be known as Saina Maina. It is an exquisite treasure trove of ancient ruins and antiquities: statues of dancing saints, ruins of palace, well etc.

8 http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/666, Retrieved on 11/09/2019. Page|39

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

5. CHAPTER 5: IMPACTS IDENTIFICATION, PREDICTION AND EVALUATION

According to National EIA Guidelines, 1993, the adverse impacts/issues are further categorized into Physical Environment, Biological Environment, Socio-economic and Cultural Environment identified by the scoping process.

Here, the study covers construction and operation phase of the hotel. The likely impacts were assessed covering both adverse and beneficial issues.

5.1 Beneficial Impacts 5.1.1 Construction Phase

1. Employment opportunity in construction and supervision work: Skilled and semi-skilled human resources will be used in the construction activities of the hotel which will generate the employment. The direct employment during the construction phase has been estimated to 60-70 (daily average basis) which will increase in income level. The impact will be direct, high magnitude, site specific and short term; therefore, it will be significant in nature. 2. Skill and knowledge development through training and orientation: The human resource involved in the hotel construction will gain experience and skills that enhances their capability in respective field which will increase in income generating activities and employment opportunities. The impact will be direct, medium magnitude, local and long term; therefore, it will be significant in nature. 3. Increase in economic activities due to supply of goods and services: Different commercial activities will be increased in project area due to the construction works. Local suppliers will get an opportunity to supply construction materials like cement, steel, bar, gravel, sand etc. which definitely benefits the local market and help to boost the economic activities. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, site specific in extent, and long term in duration and hence significant in nature.

5.1.2 Operation Phase

1. Employment generation and promotion: A number of professional will be involved in hotel to provide hotel services to the people. 115 peoples will get direct/indirect employment opportunity during the operation of hotel. Besides this, adjacent area of the hotel and many people will be engaged to provide other necessary facilities to the hotel visitors through opening of groceries or commodity stores and restaurants. This Page|40

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

employment generation will increase the income of locals. The envisaged direct impact is high in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and hence very significant in nature. 2. Increase in revenue generation: With operation of hotel, revenue generation will be increased at ward level and Butwal SMC. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and therefore very significant in nature. 3. Promotion of local business: The project operation will increase the daily activities like, animal husbandry through food waste supply, vegetable and fruit supply to hotel, electronics and furniture supply, human resource enrollment, promotion of handicraft shops, vehicle hire services provider and so on within the premises of hotel. The demand of local goods, markets, food and other basic requirement certainly increases at the project site. The large number of visitors especially tourist from different countries and other staff will significantly increases the economic transaction in and around the vicinity, which will attract people to migrate around the area. This will lead to urbanization of the area and will improve the socio – economic status of the local people. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and hence significant in nature. 4. Promote internal and external tourism around the project area: Lumbini and Tilaurakot are one of the tourism center and tourist place. The famous Lumbini and Tilaurakot are easily accessible from hotel so the operation of hotel will able to provide better facilities to tourist. This will help internal and external tourism in and nearby Butwal. The envisaged direct impact is high in magnitude, regional in extent, long term in duration and therefore very significant in nature. 5. Cultural exchange between locals and tourists: To and flow of large number of visitors especially tourist from different countries and other staff will significantly increases the economic transaction in and around the vicinity will help in exchanging culture The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and hence significant in nature. 6. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Activities: During the operation phase of the project, beside commercial activities, hotel will support various community programs on the basis of public interest. Hotel will organize different welfare programs for the wellbeing of the society to minimize the effect of the complex to the possible extent. Furthermore, the proponent will also take full responsibility for the any kind of adverse

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impact of its activities on the environment, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the society. In gist, it will help in enhancement in the skill of local and promotion in the small scale business. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, site specific in extent, long term in duration and therefore will be significant in nature.

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5.1.3 Beneficial Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix

The scoring of beneficial impacts during construction and operation phase is presented in following table as; Table 5-1: Beneficial Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix Impact Rating S.N. Issues Impacts Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating B Beneficial Impacts B1.1 Construction Phase B1.1.1 Employment Employment generation D H (60) SS (10) ST (5) Significant (75) Opportunity and local employment B1.1.2 Skill and knowledge Skill Enhancement development through D M (20) Lo (20) LT (20) Significant (60) training and orientation B1.1.3 Increase in economic Increase in activities due to supply D M (20) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (50) Economic Activities of goods and services B.1.2 Operation Phase B.1.2.1 Employment Increases in economic Generation and status of employer D H(60) Lo (20) LT (20) Significant (100) Promotion Growth of local economy B.1.2.2 Income and revenue Income and generation for the both D M (20) Lo (20) LT (20) Significant (60) revenue generation proponent and Butwal SMC B.1.2.3 Establishment of small Promotion of local scale business leading to D/ID M (20) Lo (20) LT (20) Significant (60) business growth of economic condition of local B.1.2.4 Promote internal and Promote Tourism external tourism around D M(20) R (60) LT (20) Significant (100) the project area B.1.2.5 Cultural exchange Cultural Exchange between locals and D M (20) Lo (20) LT (20) Significant (60) tourists Page|43

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Impact Rating S.N. Issues Impacts Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating B.1.2.6 Corporate Social Enhancement in the skill Responsibility of local and promotion in D M (20) SS(10) LT (20) Significant (50) (CSR) activities the small scale business

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5.2 Adverse Impact 5.2.1 Physical Environment

5.2.1.1 Construction Phase

1. Change in land use due to construction of project: The construction of the project will bring change in the existing land use of the area are permanent as well as temporary. The permanent land use conversion will be due to the construction of main block, pool facilities and utilities block and generator house. The storage of construction materials from excavation process may change the land temporarily but will be reversed to previous state. The envisaged direct impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 2. Impact due to spoil disposal: Construction works require huge quantity of materials from excavation work. The spoil generated during the construction period will temporarily burden the project environment. Stockpiling of those construction materials will create aesthetic pollution and can cause health hazards when mixed with water sources. The spoil and muck disposed during these activities will be managed within the project premises. The envisaged direct impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent, short term in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 3. Impact due to air, noise and vibration: During construction phase mixing of cement, sand, and aggregate, transport of materials etc. which may make the environment dusty and pollute the air in and around the construction site. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, short term in duration and hence significant in nature. 4. Issues concerned with construction waste: The mostly generated solid wastes during the construction phase includes debris, broken brick pieces, left out/non-usable reinforcement bars, sand, stone, waste cement and sand mix and packing materials which will adversely affect the area at and around if not handled and managed properly cause health hazards. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, short term in duration and hence significant in nature. 5. Road congestion, traffic and parking issues: There will be significant increment in the movements of vehicles for the transportation of raw materials to project area. This activity may increase the traffic congestion at office hour from 10 am to 5 pm. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, short term in duration and hence significant in nature. Page|45

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

6. Impact on ground water: During the construction phase the water requirement will be fulfilled from ground water. The water requirement during the construction phase will be supplied by ground water extraction. The envisaged direct impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent and short term in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 7. Impact due to waste generation: A number of people required for the construction will approach to the project site. Waste generated during construction phase when not treated carefully, it will degrade the environment from foul smell and rodents. This will have adverse impact to nearby affected HHs and hotels and IIZ as well. The envisaged indirect impact is low in magnitude, local in extent, short term in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 8. Impact due to water pollution: The waste water, lubricating oils used in the machineries, construction equipment and vehicles, liquid waste coming out from cleaning, paint, solvent and other chemicals which may pollute the land, contaminate the soil and in the long run may pollute and contaminate the surface water and ground water, if not handled properly. If proper care is not taken, oil may be spilled from the construction equipment or chemicals used may come in contact with water during the construction activities. This can contaminate surface and ground water. The envisaged direct impact is high in magnitude, site specific in extent, and short term in duration and hence significant in nature. 9. Issues concerned with fire hazard: During use of electrical machines, electrical equipment’s handling may cause the fire hazards. The envisaged indirect impact is Medium in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in duration and hence significant in nature. 10. Energy Alternatives: The energy required during the construction phase of proposed project will be supplied from national electricity grid. During the power cutoff energy will be supplied through generators. The envisaged direct impact is characterized as direct, low, site specific and short term and hence significant in nature. 11. Soil stability and safety of neighboring properties: There will be significant excavation work for the construction of double basement during the construction time of project which envisaged possible sliding or failure of ground attached to the neighboring houses and roads. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, short term in duration and hence significant in nature.

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12. Effect of heavy equipment on road surface: There will be significant increment in the movements of heavy vehicles like excavator, tipper, tractor, concrete mixture for the transportation of raw materials to project area. This activity may increase pressure on road surface. The envisaged direct impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent, short term in duration and hence significant in nature.

5.2.1.2 Operation Phase

1. Solid waste generation and its management issues: When, wastes are not treated separately and carefully, it will have significant impact. For the case of hotel, the estimated generation of solid waste will be minimal and as low as as 14.7 kg (full occupancy) in final stage after reuse and composting. Based on these scenario, the issues related with management is concerned with SMC waste collection system. The envisaged direct impact is high in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and hence very significant in nature. 2. Waste water management issues: The wastewater generated from hotel like from toilet, kitchen and bathroom will create additional pressure on the existing SMC waste water management infrastructure network. The envisaged direct impact is high in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and hence very significant in nature. 3. Ground water availability and recharge issues: The hotel will require more water during operation phase i.e. 120,000 liters of water per day for various purposes. The existing supply from SMC will be quite difficult to fulfill the demand of amount of water needed for the operation of the project. On such, hotel will need to extract water from the under ground. From this, if the withdrawal rate exceeds the recharge rate, there will be a chance of ground water depletion in the surrounding area.

Besides, activities like building construction or pavement of surfaces will further decrease the permeable surface thereby lowering the recharge rate significantly. Hence, increment in use of water will create pressure on water sources and its availability. The envisaged direct impact is low in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and hence significant in nature.

4. Fire, accidental hazard and emergency preparedness: Hotel might get fire at any time by any cause like electric sorts, lightening, carelessness of hotel staffs, visitors, from kitchen, smoking ciggrates. If proper extinguisher systems are not installed in hotel, hotel Page|47

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will be in great risk. The envisaged indirect impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 5. Noise pollution: Different noise sources will be present due to various activities of the hotel operation like increased human inflow, parties and functions, operation of generators and pumps. The noise generated from mobility of guests and workers may be insignificant in comparison to vehicular movement, operation of diesel generators and pumps. The envisaged direct impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent, medium in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 6. Traffic congestion and obstruction: The traffic density will be significantly high during the operation phase of the hotel due to increase in flow of hotel guests. Since the entrance of the proposed hotel leads to the EW Highway, the inflow of vehicles is likely creating traffic obstruction and congestion which will affect the locality. The envisaged direct impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent, medium in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 7. Drainage management: The project site is located in Terai area. Development of land with respect to concrete infrastructures has decreased the water infiltration and resulting to urban storm water. The inadequate storm water drainage provision in hotel premises will impact the vicinity. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, site specific in extent, and long term in duration and hence significant in nature and hence significant in nature. 8. Higher energy requirements: The energy required during the operation phase of proposed project will be supplied from national electricity grid. Also, HVAC-Heating, ventilation and air conditioning related issues will demand more energy that will create pressure on electricity demand. During the load shedding energy will be supplied through generators. At that time operation of generator will create air and noise pollution at the project site. The envisaged direct impact is high in magnitude, site specific in extent, short term in duration and hence significant in nature.

5.2.2 Biological Environment

5.2.2.1 Construction Phase

1. Impact on biodiversity: Loss of habitat “Open Spaces” especially for Avian fauna due to conversion into concrete building: The project area lies in the barren land. No trees need

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to be fallen during the construction and operation of the project. There is no impact to terrestrial and aquatic species.

5.2.2.2 Operation Phase

1. Impact on biodiversity: The project area lies in the barren land. No trees need to be fallen during the construction and operation of the project. Hence impact on biodiversity will not be insignificant. 2. Maintenance and protection of urban greenery: The hotel lies within SMC core area and as a nature of city core areas, greenery are rare. Hotel will maintain greenery area in the northern most section of its site. Hence impact on biodiversity will not be insignificant.

5.2.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

5.2.3.1 Construction Phase

1. Conflict in or with nearby host communities (between local and outsiders): Influx of the construction workers from other parts of the ZoI may increase conflict. In general, conflict among the workers due to the difference in opinions and interests may arise during the construction phase in the project area. The envisaged indirect impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent, short term in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 2. Gender related issues (discrimination in opportunity and wage): During the construction work of project, use of female labor might be lower as beliefs of that male can do more work in same time interval in construction activities of hotel. For this case, there will be chance of wage discrimination and opportunity. The envisaged indirect impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent, short term in duration and hence insignificant in nature. 3. Health and sanitation in and around project sites: The biodegradable and non- degradable wastes generated from the labor camps will pollute the surrounding environment, if not managed properly. The haphazard disposal or storage of biodegradable wastes will increase foul odor, can provide favorable habitat for disease vectors like rodents, mosquitoes, flies and can impact community health. The envisaged direct impact is moderate, site specific and short term and hence insignificant in nature. 4. Pressure on utilities and infrastructures: During the construction phase, the project area will have around above 60-70 workers (direct or indirect) at least on daily basis. Improper Page|49

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

management of drinking water facilities and sanitation of the workers may create disputes among the locals and the project workers. The envisaged direct impact is moderate, site specific and short term and hence insignificant in nature. 5. Occupational health and Safety: Working without use of safety measures during excavation work, spoil management work, electrical equipment handling activities, constructional activities may call the risk of accidents. From many accidents, primary victims may be the workers involved in the construction. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, local in extent, short term in duration and hence significant in nature. 6. Grievances management: Influx of the construction workers from other parts of the ZoI may increase conflict. In general, conflict among the workers due to the difference in opinions and interests may arise during the construction phase in the project area. If the construction Phase greivances are not recorded peopoerly then it may arise conflict with hereby local residents. The envisaged indirect impact is low in magnitude, site specific in extent, short term in duration and hence insignificant in nature.

5.2.3.2 Operation Phase

1. Occupational health and Safety: Working without use of safety measures may call the risk of accidents. The workers from different departments have different risk factors and with various health impacts ranging from burning, skinning and cutting. The employees working in the food and beverage department and kitchen utilize machines with electrically driven and extremely sharp knives to chop hard fruits and vegetables. Workers deal with wastes could have caught with communicable diseases. Employees working in high noise areas like machineries, pump and generator operators will be impacted by high level of noise and electrocautions. The other health risks are burning due to accidental firing inside kitchens, possible accidents due to slipping in wet floors etc. The envisaged impact is direct in nature, site specific in extent, moderate in magnitude and long term and hence significant in nature. 2. Safety and security of visitors: During operation of the hotel, guest and visitors will visit to hotel. If hotel have not proper security system, there may occur the events of robbery, stealing, mugging and others. The envisaged indirect impact is medium in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in duration and hence significant in nature.

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3. Management and quality of food and services: Proper devotion of each staffs to work is necessary for efficient output. If there is no proper management and supervision in hotel, there could not be good management and quality of food and services to the visitors. The food supplied by the hotel will be healthy and will not cause any adverse impacts. With the huge amount of food processed in the hotel and large workforce required to monitor, food safety is sometimes hard to track. The unhygienic food, unsanitary conditions, use of expired raw food materials could challenge quality of food and hygiene and severely impact the consumers. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in duration and hence significant in nature. 4. Issues related to shadow effect on nearby houses or residential structures: The shadow effect to surrounding houses will be envisaged in minimal because of the height of the buildings for only in the east facing of the main building. Otherwise, none of the remaining sides will have adverse shadow effect that impact to the locality i.e. other sides are open spaces of the hotel in west, north and south part. The envisaged direct impact is medium in magnitude, site specific in extent and long term in duration and hence significant in nature. 5. Grievances management: The mis-management of during operation phase like increased noise level in surrounding from party, water scarcity during dry season, unmanaged waste generated from the hotel, disturbance to nearby roads due to haphazard parking practice from guests and employees will raise grievances in nearby community. The envisaged impact is characterized as direct in nature, site specific in extent, moderate in magnitude and long term in duration.

5.2.4 Chemical Environment

5.2.4.1 Construction Phase

1. Impact due to chemicals for curing and protection of materials: The chemicals used during the construction period like concrete curing, protective and decoratived coatings, floor hardner and dust proofer, water proofing chemicals will cause water, soil and air pollution leads to cause health problem and environmental hazard. The envisaged direct impact is high in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and therefore very significant in nature.

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5.2.4.2 Operation Phase

1. Impact due to use of chemical like pesticides and detergents: Chemicals like pesticides are widely used for maintenance and protection of the ornamentals plant. From this, pesticides runoff to the surrounding area and water sources will cause water and soil pollution. Also, soap, detergent and chemical used for whitening the clothes during laundry service and dishwashing from bathroom, toilet and kitchen are not managed with care will pollute the surrounding. The envisaged indirect impact is low in magnitude, local in extent, long term in duration and hence significant in nature.

5.2.5 Issues Raised by Public and Stakeholders during Public Hearing

During EIA study, the public hearing was carried out in the hotel on 22 Falgun, 2076 B.S. There were 49 participants including BSMC ward number 8 ward president, elected ward members, stakeholders, locals from the DIZ. The major issues rose by the stakeholders and participants are given in the tale below:

Table 5-2: Issues Raised by Public and Stakeholders during Public Hearing

S. N. Issues Remarks 1. Noise management Incorporated in section 7.2.1.1 and 7.2.1.2 2. Parking management Incorporated in section 7.2.1.1 and 7.2.1.2 3. Priority should be given to the local people for Incorporated in section 7.1.1 employment opportunity. 4. During construction and operation phase, probable Incorporated in section 7.2.1, environmental impact should be mitigated 7.2.3 and 7.2.3 5. Allocation of public water tap under CSR Incorporated in table 7.1 in section 7.1.2

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5.2.6 Adverse Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix

Table 5-3: Adverse Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix

Impact Rating S.N. Issues Impacts Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating A Adverse Impacts Physical Environment A5.2.1.1 Construction Phase Change in land use due to A5.2.1.1.1 Change in land use D L (10) SS (10) LT (20) Insignificant (40 construction of project Impact due to spoil A5.2.1.1.2 Water, soil and air pollution D L (10) SS (10) ST (5) Insignificant (25) disposal Impact due to air, A5.2.1.1.3 Air, noise and vibration pollution D M (20) Lo (20) ST (5) Significant (45) noise and vibration Issues concerned with A5.2.1.1.4 Water, soil and air pollution D M (20) Lo (20) ST (5) Significant (45) Construction waste Road congestion, Congestion around the road, A5.2.1.1.5 traffic and parking D M (20) Lo (10) ST (5) Significant (35) traffic and parking area issues Impact on ground A5.2.1.1.6 Reduce the water table D L (10) SS (10) ST (5) Insignificant (25) water Impact due to waste Reduction on drainage and waste A5.2.1.1.7 ID L (10) Lo (20) ST (5) Insignificant (35) generation disposal quality Impact due to water A5.2.1.1.8 Water Pollution D L(10) Lo (20) ST (05) Insignificant (35) pollution Issues concerned with Accident, loss of lives and A5.2.1.1.9 ID M (20) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (50) fire hazard property A5.2.1.1.10 Energy alternatives Sound pollution D L (10) SS (10) ST (5) Insignificant (25) Soil stability and A5.2.1.1.11 safety of neighboring Sliding or failure of ground D M(10) Lo (20) ST (05) Insignificant (35) properties Effect of heavy A5.2.1.1.12 equipment on road Damage on road surface D L (10) SS (10) ST (5) Insignificant (25) surface A5.2.1.2 Operation Phase Solid Waste A5.2.1.2.1 Soil , water and air pollution D H (60) Lo (10) LT (20) Significant (90) management issues Page|53

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Impact Rating S.N. Issues Impacts Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating Waste water A5.2.1.2.2 Water quality and pollution D H (60) Lo (20) MT (10) Significant (90) management issues Ground water A5.2.1.2.3 availability and Reduction in ground water table D H (60) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (90) recharge issues Fire, accidental Accident and loss of life and A5.2.1.2.4 hazard and emergency ID L (10) SS (10) LT (20) Insignificant (40) properties preparedness A5.2.1.2.5 Noise pollution Noise pollution D L (10) SS (10) MT (10) Insignificant (30) Traffic congestion Congestion around the road side A5.2.1.2.6 D L (10) SS (10) MT (10) Insignificant (30) and obstruction traffic jam, parking area Drainage Inundation of water from urban A5.2.1.2.7 D M (20) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (50) Management storm water High energy demand due to Higher energy A5.2.1.2.8 operation of many electronic D H (60) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (90) requirements appliances Biological Environment

A5.2.2.1 Construction Phase Impact on A5.2.2.1.1 No impact is identified - - - - - biodiversity A5.2.2.2 Operation Phase Impact on A5.2.2.2.1 No impact is identified - - - - - biodiversity Maintenance and A5.2.2.2.2 protection of urban No impact is identified - - - - - greenery Socio-economic and Cultural Environment

A5.2.3.1 Construction Phase Conflict in or with nearby host Project associated A5.2.3.1.1 communities (between local and ID L (10) SS (10) ST (05) Insignificant (25) conflict outsiders) Discrimination in opportunity and A5.2.3.1.2 Gender related issues wage

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Impact Rating S.N. Issues Impacts Nature Magnitude Extent Duration Rating Health and sanitation A5.2.3.1.3 Incident of diseases D M (20) SS (10) ST (05) Insignificant (35) around project sites Pressure on utilities Pressure on public infrastructures A5.2.3.1.4 D M (20) SS (10) ST (05) Insignificant (35) and infrastructures and facilities Occupational health Accident to the labors and loss of A5.2.3.1.5 D M (20) Lo (10) ST (05) Significant (35) and Safety life Grievances Conflict and dispute among the A5.2.3.1.6 ID L (10) SS (10) ST (05) Insignificant (25) management workers A5.2.3.2 Operation Phase Occupational health Probability of accident and loss of A5.2.3.2.1 D M (20) Lo (20) ST (05) Significant (45) and Safety life Safety and security of Crime and disharmony in the A5.2.3.2.2 IN M (20) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (50) visitors society Management and Improper management of hotel A5.2.3.2.3 quality of food and and delivery of quality food and D M (20) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (50) services services Issues related to Shadow effect on nearby houses A5.2.3.2.4 D M (20) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (50) shadow effect or residential structures Grievances Dispute and conflict among the A5.2.3.2.5 ID L (10) SS (10) ST (05) Insignificant (25) management staff and nearby society Chemical Environment

A5.2.4.1 Construction Phase Impact due to chemicals for curing health problem and environmental A5.2.4.1.1 D H (60) SS (10) LT (20) Significant (90) and protection of hazard materials A5.2.4.2 Operation Phase Impact due to chemicals like Pollute surrounding area and A5.2.4.1.1 D L (10) SS (10) LT (20) Insignificant (40) pesticides and water sources detergents

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6. CHAPTER 6: ALTERNATIVE ANALYSIS

Alternative analysis is considered as an integral part of EIA study, which involves an alternative way of achieving the objectives of the proposal. The aim of alternative analysis is to enter at a development option, which maximizes the benefits while minimizing the unwanted impacts. The assessment of the alternative analysis of the proposal is evaluated based on the considerations of the following issues:

1. No project option 2. Design 3. Project location 4. Alternative technology 5. Alternative resources 6. Environmental Management System

6.1 No Project Option

In fact, do nothing alternatives will deprive hotel and hospitality services and hinder the access of hotel services to guest to get easy and quality hotel and hospitality services. Apart from this it will also create an unemployment situation together with reduction in economic activities. Do nothing alternatives will not add significant value for healthier environment. Therefore, the hotel has been proposed for construction and operation.

6.2 Project Site (Location)

Location plays an important role in implementation of the project. The hotel will have located at Butwal Sub-Metropolitan City, ward no-8 nearby Sukhanagar in front of Shree Mid-Western Pritana Headquarter, Butwal. The hotel will be able to provide hospitality services not only from the project area but also from the people of other parts of the nation and out of nation. The location of hotel is nearby highway road so the proponent has considered present location as the best alternative for its construction and operation. For this point of view, there is no other best option to construct and operate such level hotel in Butwal.

6.3 Design

Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. will be constructed and operated in designated areas. Hence the design is prepared meeting land shape and size. The layout of all services is as per attached architectural designs. The construction approach selected is labor based approach with minimum utilization of the machine power. The approach is considered beneficial as it provides maximum job opportunity to the local residing in the project area. The hotel will be disable friendly with the presence of lift and toilets as per the suitability. The hotel will be installed solar heater for heating purposes, LPG gas is for cooking purposes and electricity for lightening purposes. Beside this generator will be used during load shedding or power shortage period. Page|56

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As per design, there is no other best option as per pollution controlling measures adoption and disaster resistant building.

6.4 Alternative Technology

Alternative technology is a term used to refer to technologies that are more environmentally friendly than the functionally equivalent technologies dominant in current practice. Hotel Saffron CK is committed to provide hotel and hospitality services that will be of international standards using Best Available Technology (BAT). The hotel will have prerequisite and strategy for upgrading and continuously improving the technology and techniques being used along with the development and demand of the tourists.

Alternatives concerning the equipment and systems for waste collection, waste storage, and management of internal as well as external transportation, and treatment of different types of wastes generated have been considered and explored. Use of colored buckets for segregating wastes in different categories is the best alternative for waste segregation at source. For the transportation of waste from the source of generation to onsite storage site, trolley is the best alternative.

Hotel is going to use one of the best technology in waste water treatment (MBBR), use of fibre bag instead of plastic bags, use of auto on/off switch in public area to save energy, use of rain water harvesting system for ground water recharge and waste management practices through source segregation are the better adopted options so far.

6.5 Alternative Resources

The local market resources can be used to minimize transportation impact. The non-usable construction aggregates can be used for land filling and labeling. Among the construction, maximization of labor based option is preferred as it provides job opportunity to the local people. Similarly, locally available unskilled, semiskilled and skilled labors will be sourced with high preference.

6.6 Environmental Management System

The proposed hotel will commit to follow all rules and regulations; and guidelines related to environment and hospitality services. The proponent is also committed to implement all the benefit augmenting and mitigation measures for adverse impacts as listed in the succeeding chapters of this study report. The hotel will adopt viable and beneficial environment related concepts and systems like 3R (Recycle, Reuse and Reduce), restricting in plastic bags below 30 micron and cleaner production as per the requisite and for continual sanitation.

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7. CHAPTER 7: ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES

This chapter of the report has prescribed about the practical and cost effective enhancement measures for beneficial impacts and mitigation measures to minimize and compensate the effects of adverse impacts to acceptable level. The project proponent ensures to implement these measures during the construction and operation of the project.

7.1 Enhancement Measures 7.1.1 Construction Phase

1. Employment opportunity in construction and supervision work: Local people within the project location will be prioritized and no biasness will be made in the wages paid for the equivalent work. No child labors will be used in construction phase of the project. This will enhance the employment of the local people on one hand and at the same time it will be comparatively cheaper for the project avoiding outstation allowances. 2. Skill and knowledge development through training and orientation: The human resource involved in the hotel construction will gain experience and skills that enhances their capability in respective field which will increase in income generating activities and employment opportunities. For this, on the job trainings opportunity will be provided to the employer. 3. Increase in economic activities due to supply of goods and services: Different commercial activities will be increased in project area due to the construction works. Following enhance measures will be adopted.

• A number of suppliers of construction materials and equipment will be benefited during the construction activities of the hotel. • To increase economic activities, proponent will facilitate local business activities and local suppliers will be prioritized in import of construction materials. • Enterprise development and Enhancement in local economy are main facts.

7.1.2 Operation Phase

1. Employment generation and promotion: The project generates job opportunity for General manager, accountant, sales man, helper, head cook, assistant cook, waiters, room boy, housekeepers, dish washers, cleaners etc. Beside this operation of hotel will creates

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short term jobs for technicians. Local people will be prioritizing for job opportunity. To enhance the effect, hotel will adopt following;

• The hotel will also provide part time as well as full time employment for hotel staffs as per the demand in the hotel • To enhance the benefits to more local people, priority will be given to local people for employment, provided they have the required qualification and expertise • Women will also be given opportunity as per their qualification and experience. • Especially locally available goods will be taken as source of economy.

2. Income and revenue generation: Hotel will focus on the marketing of tourism, improving ease access to service delivery to the tourists at the same time to increase the number of tourist stay at hotel which will increase overall income and revenue. 3. Promotion of local business: To enhance the effect,

• The hotel will facilitate local businesses to be vendor for supplying goods and services. • The economic activities will sharply increase in and around the project area from the operation of hotel. • Hotel will conduct different carnivals within the hotel making the schedules.

4. Promote internal and external tourism around the project area: Lumbini and Tilaurakot are one of the tourism center and tourist place. The famous Lumbini and Tilaurakot are easily accessible from hotel so the operation of hotel will able to provide better facilities to tourist. Proponent will carry to promote tourism and culture by following measures:

• Coordination with local/private organization who work in tourism sector. • Interior decoration will be done in order to reflect Nepalese and local culture. • Serving of goods and services by showing local culture.

5. Cultural exchange between locals and tourists: To and flow of large number of visitors especially tourist from different countries and other staff will significantly increases the economic transaction in and around the vicinity will help in exchanging culture. Proponent will make suitable coordination with local/private organization who work in tourism sector to foster exchanging culture and religious beliefs.

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6. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities: The proponent will coordinate with different local NGOs, CBOs working on tourism sector for running different awareness program for well-being of society and local people. The proponent will coordinate with BSMC and ward office for promoting upgrading the local skills and through training programs, plantation activities and sanitation awareness campaign. Beside this, the proponent would bear its responsibility for the any kind of adverse impact of its activities on the environment, communities and stakeholders. The project has aimed to make the project sustainable by delivering economic, social and environmentally beneficial to the local stakeholders in which the project aims to train local people for the employment during construction and operation phase.

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Table 7-1: CSR Cost Allocation by Project

Unit rate S.N. Particulates Units Quantity Amount (NRs.) Remarks (NRs.) A Pit Preparation, Mulching, Plant Sapling, Plantation and Hollow Mesh Wire Frame 258,000.00 Excavation for preparation of pit-holes for planting tree 1 Nos 120 200.00 24,000.00 sapling Rate for Ashoka Plant/Macadamia trees or 2 Tree Plant Sapling Nos 120 250.00 30,000.00 Any other based on preference from hotel 3 Mulching and Planting Tree Sapling Nos 120 100.00 12,000.00 4 Water Management for Irrigation of Planted Tree Sapling Nos/LS 120 100.00 12,000.00 5 Hollow Mesh Wire Frame Nos/LS 120 1,500.00 180,000.00 B Training on Hospitality Management 302,500.00 1 Participant Cost Nos 25 10,000.00 250,000.00 2 Trainer Cost Nos 2 20,000.00 40,000.00 3 Materials Cost LS 25 500.00 12,500.00 Scholarship for Deserving Student for Gov School C LS 2 50,000.00 100,000.00 Level (M&F) Support Public Water Supply System (Stand Post with Operation during water D Nos 1 200,000.00 200,000.00 2 taps) scarcity After Site Identified from E Support or Construction of Elderly Aged Home Nos 1 2,000,000.00 2,000,000.00 Hotel Figure here is tentative Will be managed by hotel Total 2,860,500.00 itself Source: Field Study, 2019 & 2020 (Based on issues raised during consultation meeting and public hearing)

7.1.3 Enhancement Measures of Impact Identified

The scoring of beneficial impacts during construction and operation phase is presented in following table as; Page|61

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Table 7-2: Beneficial Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Agency Cost (NPR) Remarks Benefit Augmentation Measures Construction Phase Employment • Priority to locals and disadvantage groups Construction Proponent - Opportunity • No biasness in wages Period • Job training opportunity Construction Proponent 302,500.00 Included in CSR Skill Enhancement Period table 7-1 Increase in Economic • Facilitate with local business activities and local Construction Proponent - Activities suppliers Period Operation Phase Employment Generation • Provide overtime for hotel staff as per demand Operation phase Proponent - and Promotion • Priority will be given to local people • Hotel will focus on the marketing of tourism, Operation phase Proponent - Income and revenue improving ease access to service delivery to the generation tourists at the same time to increase the number of tourist stay at hotel Promotion of local • Facilitate with local business for supplying goods Operation phase Proponent - business and services • Coordination with local/private organization who Operation phase Proponent - work in tourism sector • Interior decoration will be done in order to reflect Promote Tourism Nepalese and local culture • Serving of goods and services by showing local culture • Local intangible culture will be promoted • Proponent will make suitable coordination with Operation phase Proponent - local/private organization who work in tourism Cultural Exchange sector to foster exchanging culture and religious beliefs. • Coordinate with BSMC and ward office for Operation phase Proponent 2,860,500.00 Included in CSR Corporate Social promoting upgrading the local skills and through table 7-1 Responsibility (CSR) training programs, plantation activities and activities sanitation awareness campaign.

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Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Agency Cost (NPR) Remarks • The proponent would bear its responsibility for the any kind of adverse impact of its activities on the environment, communities and stakeholders. Total Enhancement Cost 2,860,500.00

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7.2 Adverse Impacts 7.2.1 Physical Environment

7.2.1.1 Construction Phase

• Spoil will not be allowed to accumulate in the access road. • The open area of hotel will be used for stockpiling. • Stockpiling will be made only within hotel periphery so as no impact will be arised to other social services and facilities.

3. Impact due to air, noise and vibration: The following mitigation measures will be adopted for minimize of air and noise pollution • Procurement and use of low noise emitting generator set and vehicles in compliance with national standards to reduce air/noise pollution and their periodic maintenance. • Emission stack height of generator will be maintained at least 15m from ground. • Generators will be provisioned with silencer and acoustic panel and will be placed in well barricaded area/ closed chamber. • Careful handling of dusty materials. • Open burning is strictly prohibited. • Sprinkling of water at least twice a day especially in dry season. • Masks will be provided to workers who works in dusty place. • Vehicles will not be allowed to use pressure horn. • Construction work will not be done during night.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Proponent will provide and instruct the workers to use efficient and less noisy equipment.

4. Issues concerned with construction waste: The solid waste generated during the construction phase includes debris, broken brick pieces, left out/non-useable reinforcement bars, sand, stone, waste cement and sand mix and packing materials which will adversely affect the area at and around if not handled and managed properly consequencing health hazards. For this, the following mitigation measures will be practiced:

• Reusable waste like debris, broken brick pieces, sand, stone, waste cement and sand mix will be used as refilling for making ground leveling. • Recyclable wastes like left out/non-useable reinforcement bars and packing materials will be send or sold to scrap vendors. • Refusable waste will be send to landfill site of BSMC in coordination with ward office- 8.

5. Road congestion, traffic and parking issues: The following mitigation measure will be adopted:

• Restrict in transportation of materials during peak hours as site is just side of the east- west highway. • Effective traffic management will be done to avoid the road congestion through coordination with traffic office in BSMC. • Additional securities will be kept to control haphazard parking. • Sign and direction will be dispatched in hoarding boards for proper parking of vehicles.

6. Impact on ground water: The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

• Provision of self-reliant deep boring and extraction quantity will be installed as mentioned in BSMC bye-laws. • Wasteful use of water will be reduced. • Construction of water recharge pit will be constructed for ground water recharge. • Hotel will adopt effective rain water harvesting system. • Chlorine Solution will be used for water disinfection. Page|65

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Water will be stored in a hygienic environment. • The storage containers and coolers will be cleaned regularly.

7. Impact due to waste generation: A number of people required for the construction will approach to the project site. This group of people will create additional pressure on the public infrastructure such as drainage and waste disposal due to the increased generation of waste water and waste and could cause pressure on utility within community within hotel premises. For this,

• Use of waste segregation system will be developed for minimizing waste borne vector diseases. • The Proponent/Contractor will be required to prepare detailed plan for construction camp including drainage facility, outdoor facilities and solid waste management facilities. • Construction will be designed such that there will not be disturbance on existing drainage system and compensatory drainage will be incorporated for any disturbance. • Source segregation of organic and inorganic wastes in different storage areas or facilities in designated location and adoption of 3R principle for waste management.

8. Impact due to water pollution: Water will be used by the people working at the site for washing, cleaning and personal purposes, the direct disposal of which may also cause pollution problem. The following are the mitigation measures;

• Proper handling of liquid waste will be done. • The sewage from the temporary toilets will be disposed in the septic tank and soak pit • Leakage of liquid waste such as lubricating oils used in the machineries, construction equipment and vehicles which will be kept in special barricade with impervious layers.

9. Issues concerned with fire hazard: Due to electric sorts and careless of workers, hotel might get fire any time so fire extinguisher will be kept in proper place. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

• Training about fire hazard will be given to workers. • Fire extinguisher and fire hydrant with hose reel will be kept in proper place. • Earthing will be done for the minimization of lightening effect. Page|66

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

10. Alternatives to primary energy: The energy required during the construction phase of proposed project will be supplied from national electricity grid. During the power cut off energy will be supplied through generators. 11. Soil stability and safety of neighboring properties: There will be significant excavation work during the construction time of project which envisaged possible sliding or failure of ground attached to the neighboring properties.

With reference to the Geotechnical Investigation9 of proposed hotel, the site comprises of gravelly layer followed by boulders and cobblels layer. For the stability of the existing site, the series of cantilever soldier pile as a concrete wall along the vertical cut are suitable. While, for a retention of the vertical cut with restricted space pile wall are to be introduced along the vertical cut such that the foundation rests on the strong layer of boulders. The bulk head is proposed along the edge of the cut with suitable heights and diameter to achieve the required safety. For the entire stability of the cantilever walls along with the tie beam at the top of the pile head are proposed.

7.2.1.2 Operation Phase

1. Solid waste generation and its management issues: When, wastes are not treated separately and carefully, it would bring highly significant adverse impact not only to the hotel but also to the Zone of Influence. The following mitigation measures will be adopted for solid waste management:

• Source segregation of waste will be done to facilitate recycle. • Waste Segregation mechanism will be installed by color coded dustbins so that organic and non-organic disposal will be easily separated • Wastes will be handled and kept in well manner so as to avoiding the impact on health and environment. • The 3R principle will be introduced. • The organic food wastes and other wastes appropriate for feeding animal will be send to animal husbandry farm for free of cost. • Coordination with private organization to sell remaining waste and glasses. • Open burning of waste is strictly prohibited.

9 Final Report of Geotechnical Investigation Works of Hotel Saffron CK, Butwal, January, 2020. Page|67

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Recyclable wastes like left packing materials will be send or sold to scrap vendors. • Refusable waste (non-biodegrable left after reusable and recyclable waste) will be send to landfill site of BSMC in coordination with ward office-8.

2. Waste water management: The following mitigation measure is practiced:

• Annual checking and maintenance of waste drainage will be made. • Waste water treatment plant (MBBR technology) will be established.

3. Ground water availability and recharge: The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

• Wasteful use of water will be reduced. • Hotel will adopt effective rain water recharging system. • Pavement area will be paved with materials (for eg. stone) which will percolate water. • Chlorine Solution will be used for water disinfection. • Water will be stored in a hygienic environment. • Water will be dispensed from storage container by an outlet fitted with a closure device or tap. • The storage containers and coolers will be cleaned regularly. • Maintain open space in the premise of hotel for ground water recharge. • Plantation of Ashoka plant will be done at the side of the road near to the premise of hotel.

4. Fire, accidental hazard and emergency preparedness: Hotel might get fire at any time by any cause like electric sorts, lightening, carelessness of hotel staffs, visitors. If proper extinguisher systems are not installed in hotel, hotel will be in great risk. To minimize the disaster management impact following measures will be adopted:

• Hotel building will be constructed following the National Building Codes 2060. • Designation of hotel as ‘No Smoking Zone' and provision of fire extinguishers in each floor • Fire system will be operated in each room and passage. • Fire extinguishers with hose reel are fitted to the hotel and each room having facility of fire sprinkler. Page|68

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Earthing will be adopted for the effect of lightning. • Training about health safety, fire hazard will be given to hotel staffs • Earth quake resistance building will be constructed. • Identification and designation of assembly location for meeting during occurrence of disaster. • Provision of Emergency Evacuation Plan will be installed in the easily approachable area for overviewing within the ground floor. Sign post showing "No use of Lift during Disaster" near lift doors.

5. Air and noise pollution: The following mitigation measures will be adopted for minimize of air and noise pollution

• Selection of proper location for noise emitting sources or facilities which will reduce noise level to surroundings. • Use of electric appliances and LPGs in kitchen for cooking food. • Heat pumps will be used instead of inefficient boilers for heating water. • Procurement of each diesel generator which compiles standards set out by GoN through its gazette notification. • Periodic maintenance of vehicles and diesel generators. • Stack height of the generator will be maintained at least 15 m from the ground. • Sprinkling of water within the parking and access road areas. • Pressure horn vehicles will be restricting in hotel premise. • Prohibition of noise generating activities after time 9:00 pm at night will be strictly prohibited.

6. Traffic congestion and obstruction: The following mitigation measure will be adopted:

• Proponent will allocate double basement of hotel for parking purposes. • Effective traffic management will be done to avoid the road congestion • Additional securities will be kept to control haphazard parking. • Informatory signs (separate IN, EXIT/OUT, Vechicles Type and Directions) will be dispatched in hoarding boards for proper parking of vehicles.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

7. Multi-hazard scenario during the operation: To minimize the multi hazard disaster management impact following measures will be adopted:

• Hotel building will be constructed following the National Building Codes 2060. • Earth quake resistance building will be constructed. • Earthing will be adopted for the effect of lightning. • Fire extinguishers are fitted to the hotel and each room having facility of fire sprinkler. • Approach road in front of hotel will be maintained properly. • Regular checking of existing drainage during season.

8. Higher energy requirements: The energy required during the operation phase of proposed project will be supplied from national electricity grid. Also, HVAC-Heating, ventilation and air conditioning related issues will demand more energy that will create pressure on electricity demand. The following mitigation measure will be adopted:

• Energy efficient equipment and appliances will be emphasized during procurement. • Use of LED bulbs will be used instead of traditional high energy consuming incandescent bulb or fluorescent light. • Use of Double glazed glasses which reduced heat loss in room. • Use of energy efficient heat pumps and solar water heater for heating water for various purposes. • Unwanted use of electricity will be controlled by automatic “Auto-Off” pof electrical equipments during out of room. • During the load shedding energy will be supplied through generators.

7.2.2 Biological Environment

7.2.2.1 Construction Phase

1. Impact on biodiversity: As the proposed site is nearby and just opposite of Army Barrack within forest; where habitat for birds is most appropriate. From construction activities the impact to bird species less. On such, habitat within the Barrack is more favourable than the project site and they will prefer better resting place than concrete ones. Instead, the

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

impact is insignificant, monitoring of construction and transportation activities will be made so as to reduce the damage to the local vegetation and plant and will be eco-friendly.

7.2.2.2 Operation Phase

1. Impact on biodiversity: The project area lies in the barren land. No trees need to be fallen during the operation of the project. There is no impact to terrestrial and aquatic species. Although to minimize the possible impact on urban biodiversity, garden will be developed within the hotel premises.

7.2.3 Socio-Economic and Cultural Environment

7.2.3.1 Construction Phase

1. Conflict in or with nearby host communities (between local and outsiders): The following mitigation measures will be practiced:

• The construction workers from outside the project area will be well-informed about the general norms and the values of society • The local people will be consulted before the start of the construction works to develop consensus on the different project activities and timings. • The construction workforce will be instructed to respect local people, especially the female members and observe/follow the local culture and tradition with humanity.

2. Gender related issues (discrimination in opportunity and wage): During the construction work of project, use of female labor might be lower as beliefs of that male can do more work in same time interval. For this case, there will be chance of wage discrimination and opportunity. This will be mitigated through providing equal opportunity and wage to male and female for same work. 3. Health, sanitation and drinking water in and around project sites: During the construction phase, the project area will have around above 60-70 workers (direct or indirect) at least on daily basis. Improper management of drinking water facilities and sanitation of the workers may create disputes among the locals and the project workers. The following mitigation measures will be practiced:

• Provision of sanitation facility for worker and visitor • Maintenance of clean and hygienic environment Page|71

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Provide safe drinking water • Kitchen area needs to be well ventilated in order to reduce risks associated with accidental LPG leakage and fires. • Provision of first aid kit, health insurance and periodic health checkup

4. Occupational health and Safety: Following strategies and mitigation measures to avoid or reduce occupational health and safety of employees will be adopted:

• Provision of personal protective equipments like helmets, boots, gloves, masks will be provided to employees working in risky aspects (generator operators, mechanics and electricians, pumps operators, waste handlers etc.) • Kitchen area will be well ventilated in order to reduce risks associated with accidental LPG leakage. • Provision of first aid kit will be provided. • Provision of health insurance to employees and periodic health checkup will be assured. • Similarly, instruction on Health and Safety related activities and issues including Emergency Preparedness Plan will be given to all staff and Emergency exit in case of disaster will be maintained.

5. Grievances management: Influx of the construction workers from other parts of the ZoI may increase conflict. In general, conflict among the workers due to the difference in opinions and interests may arise during the construction phase in the project area. Appointment of Grievance Handling Officer to register all grievances received from any sources and timely update to management committee to take necessary actions immediately. GRM will be managed by the committee within 15 days of issues registration at the site.

7.2.3.2 Operation Phase

1. Occupational health and Safety: Following strategies and mitigation measures to avoid or reduce occupational health and safety of employees will be adopted:

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Kitchen area will be well ventilated in order to reduce risks associated with accidental LPG leakage. Precautionary information will be placed in kitchen for controlling cut and wounds, skinning and burning and accidental LPG leakage. Provision of fire extinguishers in kitchen area, generator area etc will be placed. • Provision of first aid kit will be provided. • Provision of health insurance to employees and periodic health checkup will be assured. • Accidental Evacuation Plan Information is placed in store room, kitchens, lobbies and other locations. • Awareness about health and safety precautions will be provided.

2. Safety and security of visitors: The following mitigation measures will be practiced:

• Installation of CCTV in main entrance, lobby and other public areas for surveillance of illegal activities • Displaying of security hotline numbers (nearest police station) in public areas and lobbies, reception etc. • The hotel premise will be properly and securely locked by the hastily constructed defensive barrier. • The entrance and parking will be controlled by competent security watchman. • Checking will be done for suspected person.

• Provision of clean surfaces including hands, kitchen tables, utensils, platters, cutleries that come in contact with the food. • Provision of providing fresh and healthy food will be assured. • Use of safe water for cooking food and drinking purpose. • Disposal of waste (organic as well as inorganic) in appropriate place and not letting it to come in contact with cooked food.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

• Public Announce System (PAS) will be adopted in hotel for immediate announce for emergency and other services. • Waste water from the kitchen must pass properly through pipelines to ensure the healthy environment on the kitchen.

4. Issues related to shadow effect on nearby houses or residential structures: With the increment in the height of building, the shadow effect on the nearby houses will raised as an issue. For this, technical team have already finalized the appropriate location for building construction so that the impact will be minimal. 5. Grievances management: Dispute and conflict among the staff and nearby society will hamper the overall management and reputation of the hotel. During operation, the locals of the area may have complaints on pollution, social activities, conflicts among the locals and tourists etc. This will be envisaged as per the above mentioned measures associated with each issues. Appointment of Grievance Handling Officer to register all grievances received from any sources and timely update to management committee to take necessary actions immediately. GRM will be managed by the committee within 15 days of issues registration at the site.

7.2.4 Chemical Environment

7.2.4.1 Construction Phase

1. Impact due to chemicals: The entry of chemicals, oil, paints and grease etc. to water, soil and air during the construction cause health problem and environmental hazard. The following mitigation measures will be adopted:

• The use of oil, greases and other chemicals will be made properly. Waste Management & Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Committee will be formed for monitoring of the use of safety measures. • Separate rooms and storage of hazardous materials will be managed.

7.2.4.2 Operation Phase

1. Impact due to chemical: Chemicals used during the operation of hotel (For e.g. Bathroom, toilet and kitchen cleansing chemicals) may contaminate the water and soil. Chemical contaminated wastewater will be collected and treated (chemical disinfection) and drained to municipal drainage system. 2. Hazards due to electronic waste: During the time of operation, the possible generated electronic waste will be send to the recycler or vendor as a part of adoption of 3R approaches.

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7.2.5 Mitigation Measures for Impact Identified

Table 7-3: Adverse Impact Identification and Evaluation Matrix

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency Adverse Impact Mitigation Measures Physical Environment Construction Phase • Space will be maintained for ground water recharge Construction Period Proponent/ Included in Change in land use • Ground coverage will be maintained as per the contractor project cost planning permit • Spoil will not be allowed to accumulate in the Construction Period Proponent/ Included in access road. contractor project cost Impact due to spoil • The open area of hotel will be used for stockpiling. disposal • Stockpiling will be made only within hotel periphery so as no impact will be arised to other social services and facilities. • Procurement and use of low noise emitting Construction Phase Proponent/ 100,000.00 generator set and vehicles in compliance with contractor national standards to reduce air/noise pollution and their periodic maintenance. • Emission stack height of generator will be maintained at least 15m from ground. • Generators will be provisioned with silencer and acoustic panel and will be placed in well barricaded Impact due to air and area/ closed chamber. noise pollution • Careful handling of dusty materials. • Open burning is strictly prohibited. • Sprinkling of water at least twice a day especially in dry season. • Masks will be provided to workers who works in dusty place. • Vehicles will not be allowed to use pressure horn. • Construction work will not be done during night.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Proponent will provide and instruct the workers to use efficient and less noisy equipment. • Reusable waste like debris, broken brick pieces, Construction Phase Proponent/ 200,000.00 sand, stone, waste cement and sand mix will be contractor used as refilling for making ground leveling. Issues concerned with • Recyclable wastes like left out/non-useable Construction waste reinforcement bars and packing materials will be send or sold to scrap vendors. • Refusable waste will be send to landfill site of BSMC in coordination with ward office-8. • Restrict in transportation of materials during Construction Phase Proponent 100,000.00 peak hours as site is just side of the east- west highway. • Effective traffic management will be done to avoid the road congestion through Road congestion, traffic coordination with traffic office in BSMC. and parking issues • Additional securities will be kept to control haphazard parking. • Sign and direction will be dispatched in hoarding boards for proper parking of vehicles. • Provision of self-reliant deep boring and Construction Phase Proponent 100,000.00 extraction quantity will be installed as mentioned in BSMC bye-laws. • Wasteful use of water will be reduced. • Construction of water recharge pit will be constructed for ground water recharge. • Hotel will adopt effective rain water Impact on ground water harvesting system. • Chlorine Solution will be used for water disinfection. • Water will be stored in a hygienic environment. • The storage containers and coolers will be cleaned regularly. Page|76

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Use of waste segregation system will be Construction Phase Proponent 500,000.00 developed for minimizing waste borne vector diseases. • The Proponent/Contractor will be required to prepare detailed plan for construction camp including drainage facility, outdoor facilities and solid waste management Impact due to waste facilities. generation • Construction will be designed such that there will not be disturbance on existing drainage system and compensatory drainage will be incorporated for any disturbance. • Source segregation of organic and inorganic wastes in different storage areas or facilities in designated location and adoption of 3R principle for waste management. • Proper handling of liquid waste will be Construction Phase Proponent No extra cost done. required • The sewage from the temporary toilets will Impact due to water be disposed in the septic tank and soak pit pollution • Leakage of liquid waste such as lubricating oils used in the machineries, construction equipment and vehicles which will be kept in special barricade with impervious layers. • Training about fire hazard will be given to Construction Phase Proponent Included in workers. project cost Issues concerned with • Fire extinguisher and fire hydrant with hose fire hazard reel will be kept in proper place. • Earthing will be done for the minimization of lightening effect. Alternatives to primary • During the power cut off energy will be Construction Phase Proponent Included in energy supplied through generators. project cost Soil stability and safety • For the stability of the existing site, the Construction Phase Proponent/ Included in of neighboring series of cantilever soldier pile as a concrete contractor project cost properties wall along the vertical cut are suitable.

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • While, for a retention of the vertical cut with restricted space pile wall are to be introduced along the vertical cut such that the foundation rests on the strong layer of boulders. Operation Phase • Source segregation of waste will be done to Operation Phase Proponent - Depends on the facilitate recycle activities and • Waste Segregation mechanism will be generated waste installed by color coded dustbins so that organic and non-organic disposal will be easily separated • Wastes will be handled and kept in well manner so as to avoiding the impact on health and environment. • The 3R principle will be introduced. Solid waste generation • Coordination with private organization to and its management sell remaining waste and glasses. issues • Open burning of waste is strictly prohibited. • Recyclable wastes like left packing materials will be send or sold to scrap vendors. • Refusable waste (non-biodegrable left after reusable and recyclable waste) will be send to landfill site of BSMC in coordination with ward office-8. • The organic food wastes and other wastes appropriate for feeding animal will be send to animal husbandry farm for free of cost. • Annual checking and maintenance of waste Operation Phase Proponent - Waste water drainage will be made. management issues • Waste water treatment plant (MBBR technology) will be established.

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Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Wasteful use of water will be reduced. Operation Phase Proponent - Additional cost • Hotel will adopt effective rain water for recharge recharging system. • Pavement area will be paved with materials (for eg. stone) which will percolate water. • Chlorine Solution will be used for water disinfection. • Water will be stored in a hygienic Ground water environment. availability and recharge • Water will be dispensed from storage issues container by an outlet fitted with a closure device or tap. • The storage containers and coolers will be cleaned regularly. • Maintain open space in the premise of hotel for ground water recharge. • Plantation of Ashoka plant will be done at the side of the road near to the premise of hotel. • Hotel building will be constructed following Operation Phase Proponent - the National Building Codes 2060. • Designation of hotel as ‘No Smoking Zone' and provision of fire extinguishers in each floor • Fire system will be operated in each room and passage. Fire, accidental hazard • Fire extinguishers and hose reel are fitted to and emergency the hotel and each room having facility of preparedness fire sprinkler. • Earthing will be adopted for the effect of lightning. • Training about health safety, fire hazard will be given to hotel staffs • Earth quake resistance building will be constructed. Page|79

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Identification and designation of assembly location for meeting during occurrence of disaster. • Provision of Emergency Evacuation Plan will be installed in the easily approachable area for overviewing within the ground floor. Sign post showing "No use of Lift during Disaster" near lift doors. • Separate supply of water during fire will be managed trgough underground and overhead tank. • Selection of proper location for noise Operation Phase Proponent - emitting sources or facilities which will reduce noise level to surroundings. • Use of electric appliances and LPGs in kitchen for cooking food. • Heat pumps will be used instead of inefficient boilers for heating water. • Procurement of each diesel generator which compiles standards set out by GoN through its gazette notification. Air and noise pollution • Periodic maintenance of vehicles and diesel generators. • Stack height of the generator will be maintained at least 15 m from the ground. • Sprinkling of water within the parking and access road areas. • Pressure horn vehicles will be restricting in hotel premise. • Prohibition of noise generating activities after time 9:00 pm at night will be strictly prohibited. Traffic congestion and • Proponent will allocate double basement of Operation Phase Proponent - obstruction hotel for parking purposes.

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Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Effective traffic management will be done to avoid the road congestion • Additional securities will be kept to control haphazard parking. • Informatory signs (separate IN, EXIT/OUT, Vechicles Type and Directions) will be dispatched in hoarding boards for proper parking of vehicles. • Hotel building will be constructed following Operation Phase Proponent - the National Building Codes 2060. • Earth quake resistance building will be constructed. • Earthing will be adopted for the effect of Multi-hazard scenario lightning. during the operation • Fire extinguishers are fitted to the hotel and each room having facility of fire sprinkler. • Approach road in front of hotel will be maintained properly. • Regular checking of existing drainage during season. • Energy efficient equipment and appliances Operation Phase Proponent - will be emphasized during procurement. • Use of LED bulbs will be used instead of traditional high energy consuming incandescent bulb or fluorescent light. • Use of Double glazed glasses which reduced heat loss in room. Higher energy • Use of energy efficient heat pumps and solar requirements water heater for heating water for various purposes. • Unwanted use of electricity will be controlled by automatic “Auto-Off” pof electrical equipments during out of room. • During the load shedding energy will be supplied through generators. Page|81

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency Biological Environment Construction Phase • Habitat within the Barrack is more favourable than Construction Phase Proponent/ - the project site and they will prefer better resting contractor place than concrete ones just opposite to project site. Impact on biodiversity • Although the impact is insignificant, monitoring of construction and transportation activities will be made so as to reduce the damage to the local vegetation and plant and will be eco-friendly. Operation Phase • Although to minimize the possible impact on urban Operation Phase Proponent - Impact on biodiversity biodiversity, garden will be developed within the hotel premises. Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Construction Phase • The construction workers from outside the Construction Phase Proponent/ No cost project area will be well-informed about the contractor general norms and the values of society • The local people will be consulted before Conflict in or with the start of the construction works to nearby host communities develop consensus on the different project (between local and activities and timings. outsiders) • The construction workforce will be instructed to respect local people, especially the female members and observe/follow the local culture and tradition with humanity. • Providing equal opportunity and wage to male and Construction Phase Proponent/ No cost Gender related issues female for same work. contractor • Provision of sanitation facility for worker Construction Phase Proponent/ 200,000.00 Health, sanitation and and visitor contractor drinking water in and • Maintenance of clean and hygienic around project sites environment • Provide safe drinking water Page|82

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Kitchen area needs to be well ventilated in order to reduce risks associated with accidental LPG leakage and fires. • Provision of first aid kit, health insurance and periodic health checkup • Provision of personal protective equipments Construction Phase Proponent/ 200,000.00 like helmets, boots, gloves, masks will be contractor provided to employees working in risky aspects (generator operators, mechanics and electricians, pumps operators, waste handlers etc.) • Kitchen area will be well ventilated in order to reduce risks associated with accidental Occupational health and LPG leakage. Safety • Provision of first aid kit will be provided. • Provision of health insurance to employees and periodic health checkup will be assured. • Similarly, instruction on Health and Safety related activities and issues including Emergency Preparedness Plan will be given to all staff and Emergency exit in case of disaster will be maintained. • Appointment of Grievance Handling Officer to Construction Phase Proponent/ 50,000.00 register all grievances received from any sources contractor and timely update to management committee to Grievances management take necessary actions immediately. • GRM will be managed by the committee within 15 days of issues registration at the site. Operation Phase • Provision of personal protective equipments Operation Phase Proponent - like helmets, boots, gloves, masks will be Occupational health and provided to employees working in risky Safety aspects (generator operators, mechanics and electricians, pumps operators, waste handlers etc.) Page|83

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Kitchen area will be well ventilated in order to reduce risks associated with accidental LPG leakage. Precautionary information will be placed in kitchen for controlling cut and wounds, skinning and burning and accidental LPG leakage. Provision of fire extinguishers in kitchen area, generator area etc will be placed. • Provision of first aid kit will be provided. • Provision of health insurance to employees and periodic health checkup will be assured. • Accidental Evacuation Plan Information is placed in store room, kitchens, lobbies and other locations. • Awareness about health and safety precautions will be provided. • Installation of CCTV in main entrance, Operation Phase Proponent - lobby and other public areas for surveillance of illegal activities • Displaying of security hotline numbers (nearest police station) in public areas and Safety and security of lobbies, reception etc. visitors • The hotel premise will be properly and securely locked by the hastily constructed defensive barrier. • The entrance and parking will be controlled by competent security watchman. • Checking will be done for suspected person. • Provision of clean surfaces including hands, Operation Phase Proponent - kitchen tables, utensils, platters, cutleries that come in contact with the food. Management and quality • Provision of providing fresh and healthy of food and services food will be assured. • Use of safe water for cooking food and drinking purpose.

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Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • Disposal of waste (organic as well as inorganic) in appropriate place and not letting it to come in contact with cooked food. • Public Announce System (PAS) will be adopted in hotel for immediate announce for emergency and other services. • Waste water from the kitchen must pass properly through pipelines to ensure the healthy environment on the kitchen. • Technical team have already finalized the Operation Phase Proponent - Issues related to shadow appropriate location for building effect construction so that the impact will be minimal. Disturbance to nearby • This will be envisaged as per the above mentioned Operation Phase Proponent - communities measures associated with each issues. • Appointment of Grievance Handling Officer to Operation Phase Proponent - register all grievances received from any sources and timely update to management committee to Grievances management take necessary actions immediately. • GRM will be managed by the committee within 15 days of issues registration at the site. Chemical Environment Construction Phase • The use of oil, greases and other chemicals Construction Phase Proponent/ - will be made properly. Waste Management contractor & Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Impact due to chemicals Committee will be formed for monitoring of the use of safety measures. • Separate rooms and storage of hazardous materials will be managed. Operation Phase • Chemical contaminated wastewater will be Operation Phase Proponent - Impact due to chemical collected and treated (chemical disinfection) and drained to municipal drainage system. Page|85

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Issues/Impacts Mitigation/ Enhancement Measures Time of Action Responsible Cost (NPR) Remarks Agency • The possible generated electronic waste will be Operation Phase Proponent - Hazards due to send to the recycler or vendor as a part of adoption electronic waste of 3R approaches. Total Mitigation Cost 1,450,000.00

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8. CHAPTER 8: REVIEW OF LEGAL DOCUMENTS

GoN has adopted various Acts, Rules/ Regulation and Guidelines to ensure the integration of the development and conservation of environment. The proponent will abide by the laws besides those already mentioned in the documents are attracted due to various activities that will be undertaken as the part of the project activities. The policies and legislative provisions of Nepal that have a direct relevancy with the proposed project are given below;

8.1 Constitution of Nepal (2072)

Article 30 (1) of the Constitution assert that each person shall have the right to live in a healthy and clean environment. Similarly, Article 30 (2) states, that the victim of environmental pollution and degradation shall have the right to be compensated by the pollutant according to law.

8.2 Policies, Plans, and Strategies 8.2.1 Fifteenth Five Year Plan (2076/77- 2080/81):

The fifteenth periodic Plan aims at decreasing the share of agriculture in the economy and increasing the share of industry aims at notching up the economic growth of 10.1 percent, for which a whopping sum of NRs. 9,777.75 billion will be spent. The average growth is projected at 5.6 percent in agriculture, 17.1 percent in industry and 9.9 percent in the service sector. The contributions of the agricultural, industrial and service sectors to the economy are 27.6 percent, 14.8 percent and 57.6 percent respectively. The concept paper has envisioned the scenario during the fiscal year 2080-81 BS when the contribution of the agricultural sector will be down to 21.9 percent and that of the industrial sector will increase to 20.7 percent, while that of the service sector will be more or less the same at 57.4 percent.

8.2.2 Tourism Policy, 2065

The Tourism Policy, 2065 encourages tourism based on quality and price. Similarly, the policy focuses to increase employment opportunities, occupational use, and to conserve local skills and encourage the tourist to use locally produced goods and services so that large amount of revenues generated by tourism will be spent on those areas.

8.2.3 National Wetland Policy, 2069 The primary goal of the National Wetlands Policy is to conserve and manage wetlands resources wisely and in a sustainable way with local people’s participation. The policy also aims to put the conservation and management aspects of wetlands conservation within the framework of broader environmental management.

8.2.4 National Environment Policy, 2076 Its goal is to protect the right of the citizens to live in clean and healthy environment by promoting greenery, pollution control and waste management. It aims for the sustainable use of natural and man-made resources for present and future generation and also ensures Page|87

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal environmental justice for pollution victims. Also, it suggests for the recycle and reuse of resources available. Furthermore, it ensures research, abilities for environmental management and conservation using public participation

8.2.5 National Climate Change Policy, 2076

This policy envisions a country spared from the adverse impacts of climate change, by considering climate justice, through the pursuit of environmental conservation, human development, and sustainable development—all contributing toward a prosperous society. The mission of this policy is to address the adverse impacts of climate change and utilize the opportunities created from it to improve livelihoods and achieve climate-friendly physical, social and economic development. The main goal of this policy is to improve livelihoods by mitigating and adapting to the adverse impacts of climate change, adopting a low-carbon emissions socio-economic development path and supporting and collaborating in the spirits of country’s commitments to national and international agreements related to climate change.

8.2.6 National Land Policy, 2075 The National Land Use Policy, 2013 prioritized the protection of arable lands ensuring food security. The devastating Gorkha Earthquake and aftershocks thereto have exposed us to non- vulnerable secured human settlement in the country. So then, awareness has come that only guided activities are allowed to be operated in such identified areas of natural disasters. In erecting physical infrastructures from onwards, it is realized that we should take accounts of probabilities of newly created hazards among natural disasters–including earthquakes. In order to address all these contemporary issues on a long term basis, the Land Use Policy, 2015 has come into existence upon making a review over the Land Use Policy, 2013.

8.3 Acts 8.3.1 Company Act, 2063 B.S. Company Act 2063 has been prepared to amend and consolidate the law relating to companies in order to ring about dynamism in the economic development of the country by promoting investment in the industry, trade and business sectors through economic liberalization and make the incorporation, operation and administration of companies much easier, simpler and more transparent. Section 3 of the Company Act has made it necessary if any person desirous of undertaking any enterprise with profit motive should incorporate a company for the attainment of one or more objectives set forth in the memorandum of association. According to the Section 9 of the Act, the number of shareholders of a private company shall not exceed fifty.

8.3.2 Environmental Protection Act, 2053 B.S. and 2076 B.S. Any development project, before implementation, to pass through environmental assessment, which may be either IEE or an EIA depending upon the location, type and size of the projects. As per Article 3 of EPA, 1997, EIA study is prerequisite for construction and operation of Hotel Saffron CK.

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It obliges the proponent to inform the public on the contents of the proposal in order to ensure the participation of stakeholders. According to EPR, 1997, EIA study is mandatory while reconstruction and operation of Hotel Saffron CK.

It is the principal regulatory framework to make the development programs and Projects environment friendly. The law entered into force since June 1997 & 2019 contains several provisions to internalize environmental assessment system and to maintain a clean and healthy environment by minimizing the adverse impacts on human beings and other life forms and physical objects. Section 3 to 6 of the EPA contains provisions on the approval process of the IEE/EIA report. The EPA, 1997 obligates the proponent not to implement the proposals without approving IEE or EIA reports for the prescribed Projects (Section 4). Section 6 empowers the Ministry of Forest and Environment (MoPE) to approve the EIA report.

8.3.3 Soil and Watershed Conservation Act, 2039 B.S. Soil and Watershed Conservation Act makes provision to control floods landslides (watershed conservation rules, 1985) the watershed conservation office is authority and district watershed conservation committee must implement watershed conservation practices and public participation for soil and land protection.

8.3.4 Tourism Act, 2035 B.S. Tourism Act 2035 (1978) has emphasized the provisions relating to tourist standard Hotel, Lodge, Restaurant or Resort and Bar. Under Section 12 (1), Government of Nepal may inspect or cause to inspect the hotel, lodge, restaurant or resort and bar registered pursuant to Section 10 and may experiment or cause to experiment the food and drinks (edibles). Under subsection 2 of the same section, it is provisioned that in the course of inspection of the hotel, lodge, restaurant or resort and bar or experiment of the goods to be used therein, pursuant to Sub- section (1), are not found up to the prescribed standard, Government of Nepal shall provide appropriate time to such hotel, lodge, restaurant or resort and bar to maintain the standard. Under Sub-Section 3, in case, one cannot maintain standard even receiving such time pursuant to Sub-section (2), Government of Nepal, in consultation with the Standard Fixation Committee pursuant to Section 11, may suspended the registration or degrade to the appropriate classification to such hotel, lodge, restaurant or resort and bar.

8.3.5 Right to Information Act, 2064 B.S. It is expedient to make the functions of the sate open and transparent in accordance with the democratic system and to make responsible and accountable to the citizen; to make the access of citizens simple and easy to the information of public importance held in public bodies; to protect sensitive information that could make adverse impact on the interest of the nation and citizen, and for the necessity to have legal provisions to protect the right of the citizen to be well-informed and to bring it into practice, the ‘legislature-parliament’ has enacted this act.

8.3.6 The Right to Employment Act, 2075B.S. To make necessary provisions in order to ensure the right of every citizen to employment, provide every citizen with an opportunity to choose employment according to his or her

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal capacity, and in relation to the terms and conditions of employment and unemployment support; Now, therefore, be it enacted by the Federal Parliament.

8.3.7 Building Act, 2055 B.S. (with its amendment 2064) B.S. The Building Act 2055 was enacted to make necessary provisions for the regulation of building construction works in order to protect building against earthquake, fire and other natural calamities, to the extent possible. Section-3 of the act lays the ground for Formation of Building Construction Management Upgrading (Consolidation) Committee under the chairmanship of Secretary of MOPPWTM. The committee consists of nine members. Section-4 enlists the powers, duties and responsibilities of the committee and they include: To regulate building construction works in order to minimize the possible loss to buildings from earthquake, fire and other natural calamities; To inquire into whether approval of designs has been made in consonance with the standards set forth in the building code; To make recommendation to the Nepal Quality Assurance Council to determine the quality of native or foreign materials related with building construction. Section 8 classifies the building and a building with plinth area of more than one thousand square feet, with more than three floors including the ground floor or with structural span of more than 4.5 meters is classified to be the building of Category "B". Section 10 of the act makes it obligatory to construct the building by following the Building Code. Section 11 has the provisions relating to Design and Approval of design/map of building while Section 12 Prohibits on approving Design/Map contrary to standards. Section 13 of the act has the provision about the supervision of the building construction whereas section 14 has the provision of punishment against the perpetrators and the punishment include the stoppage of construction works and even the demolition of part or whole of the building.

This Act was enacted to make necessary provisions for the regulation of building construction works in order to protect building against earthquake, fire and other natural calamities, to the extent possible. Any person, body or government body shall, in making a building, build it in consonance with the standards set forth in the building code. A person, body or government body who desires to build a building of Category "A","B" or "C" as set forth in Section 8 within the municipal area shall, in making an application to the Metropolitan city for approval in accordance with the prevailing law to build the building, attach the map and design with the application.

8.3.8 Individual Privacy Act, 2075 The Individual Privacy Act, 2075 came into force on September 18, 2018 as the first specific legislation of Nepal governing the protection of individual privacy. The Act restricts collection, storage, retention, analysis, processing or publication of personal information of any individual except by the - (i) Competent Authority, or (ii) person authorized by such competent authority (the "Authorized Person"). However, the Act has not defined what would be the “Competent Authority” and it is still to be seen as to whether the implementing rules might provide for separate competent data protection office or authority.

8.3.9 Human Rights for Persons with Disabilities Act, 2074 The Act repeals the Protection and Welfare of the Disabled Persons Act, 2039 (1982), implementing the United Nations Convention of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and Page|90

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal the articles in the Constitution of 2015 which protect the rights of persons with disabilities. Contains provisions which provide access to persons with disabilities to basic services, human rights, opportunities including health, education and employment.

8.3.10 Water Resource Act, 2049 B.S. Based on the Article 19 (1) of the Act, GoN through notification in Nepal Gazette shall prescribe pollution tolerance limits for water resources.

8.3.11 Nepal Tourism Board Act, 2053 B.S. Under Section 19 (1) of Nepal Tourism Board Act, it is provisioned that if a person applies to the concerned authority for permission to run any profession related to tourism, such authority may ask for the recommendation or suggestions of the Board prior to giving permission. Under Sub Section (2), it is provisioned that when a person applies to the concerned authority for permission to run a hotel, such authority may ask for the recommendation and suggestion of the Board prior to giving permission for establishing or running a Hotel.

8.3.12 Local Government Operation Act, 2074 BS This newly formed act describes about the criteria to divide a state into municipalities or rural municipalities and respective rights, duties and responsibilities in different development and conservation sector. It clarifies the rights of municipalities/rural municipalities to form local laws, regulations and criteria for conservation of environment protected areas and species; for environmental pollution and hazard control; solid waste management etc.

8.3.13 Solid Waste Management Act, 2068 B.S. The SWMA clearly envisaged about management of solid waste and provision of licensing for management. In such case, the article (7) on discharge of solid waste entails about the person, organization that produces hazardous waste or chemical waste shall have to manage such waste as prescribed (sub article 2). It is restricted that nobody shall do or cause to do the work relating to the solid waste management without obtaining license from the Local Body as prescribed by article 13 of chapter, miscellaneous sub article 1.

8.3.14 Consumer Protection Act, 2075 B.S. Consumer protection Act 2075 is expedient to make provisions for protecting consumers from irregularities concerning the quality, quantity and prices of consumer goods or services, ensuring that no one lowers or removes the attributes or usefulness of consumer goods or services, preventing circumstances in which monopolies and unfair trading practices may lead to an increase in prices, as well as false and misleading propaganda about the use and usefulness of consumer goods or services, selling, supplying, importing, exporting and storing safe and quality consumer goods or services, and protecting the rights and interests of consumers through the establishment of an agency for redressing the hardships of consumers, and thus maintaining the health, convenience and economic welfare of consumers. Under rule 6 of Consumer Protection Act, promotion and protection of consumer’s right have enforced. Similarly rule 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 states about the goods and services that to be delivered to the consumer and right to the consumers.

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8.3.15 Children's Act, 2075 B.S The Act has made the provision of prohibition of engagement of child in factory, mining and similar other riskful work and to make necessary provision for health, child's safety and services and facilities while engaging them in other work.

8.3.16 Labor Act, 2074 B.S. Labor Act, 2074 is applicable to all entities regardless of number of workers/employees. The new labor act has introduced the concept of intern according to which any person may be allowed to work as intern pursuant to the approved syllabus of any educational institution. They will be deemed regular employee if engaged in works other than as per their syllabus. There was no any provision in the previous act related to intern and the modes of hiring. Where 20 or more employees are engaged, employer will constitute a Safety and Health Committee as per sec 74 of the New Labor Act. There were no such provisions in the previous act. Where 10 or more employees are engaged in the entity, employer will also constitute the Collective Bargaining Committee as per sec 116 of the New Labor Act. Working hours continue to be 8 hours a day and 48 hours a week as per section 28 of Labor Act, 2074. The overtime wages are also continued to be one and half time of his/her ordinary rate of wages as per sec 31 of Labor Act, 2074. As per sec 30 of the new act, the maximum overtime has been increased to 24 hours a week.

8.3.17 Industrial Enterprises Act, 2073 B.S. Under rule 6 of Industrial Enterprises Act 2073 states that the Environmental adverse impact caused due to implementation of industry shall be mitigated by the related industry itself. Schedule 6 of Industrial Enterprises Act, 2073 states about tourism industries and categorized them in to different categories.

8.3.18 Town Development Act, 2045 B.S. The act empowers town development committee to regulate, control or to prohibit any act or activity that has an adverse impact on public health or the aesthetic of the town, or in any condition pollutes the environment. Permission of the Municipality will be taken for the construction works for the complex.

8.3.19 Child Labor (Prohibition and Regulation) Act, 2057 BS The Child Labor Act enlists specific occupations as hazardous work and prohibits the use of children below 16 years of age in such activities. The Act regulates hours of work for children aged 14 - 16 and provides that no child shall be engaged to work during a period from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. Further, it prohibits the engagement of children below 14 in any kind of employment.

8.3.20 Trade Union Act, 2049 B.S. Trade Union Act is made to provide for the management of trade union and is a measure to make legal provision regarding registration, operation of Trade Union and other necessary provisions relating to it for the protection and promotion of professional and occupational rights of the persons engaging in self-employment and the workers working in various industry, trade, profession of service in Enterprises or outside the Enterprises. Section 3 of the Act states registration of the enterprise level trade union is required to protect and promote the occupational rights of the workers. Section 9 of the Act has enlisted the objectives for the Page|92

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal formation of the Trade Union such as economic and social development of the workers, relationship maintenance between workers and management, to make the workers dutiful and disciplined in the workplace and to assist in the development of Enterprise by increasing the productivity of the Enterprise.

8.3.21 Sexual Harassment at Workplace Prevention Act, 2071 Sexual Harassment Prevention Act prevents sexual harassment at workplace”; defined to include any place used by (a) government entities, (b) entities owned (fully or partly) by government, (c) corporate bodies or institutions established in accordance with the prevailing laws; and (d) any firm, institution or corporate body registered or licensed to carry out any business, trade, or provide services (together the “Entities”), in the course of conducting their business. Section 12 of the Act provides that any person who has committed sexual harassment under the Act may be punished with imprisonment of up to 6 months, and / or fine of up to

Nepalese Rupees 50,000. The said Section also provides that any employer failing to comply with the duties and responsibilities imposed by the Act, may be punished with fine of up to Nepalese Rupees 25,000. In case of repeated offence, double the punished provided in the foregoing may be applicable. To clarify, the aforesaid punishment under the Act may be imposed by the external complaint handling authority only.

8.4 Rules and Regulation 8.4.1 Environment Protection Regulation, 2077 B.S. Environment Protection Rule (EPR), 2077 after subsequent amendments from 1997 requires an environmental assessment study for the construction and operation of hotels with threshold built up area, per day water consumption within a commercial building and bed capacities related to the Rule 3 of EPR, 2077. The Schedule 3 of EPR related to the Rule 3, Section E (6) has provisioned requirement of EIA study for hotels as per consumption of water with more than 20,000 lit within a commercial building, Section G (1) has provisioned requirement of EIA study for hotels as per bed capacity of more than 100 beds.

In regards with pollution management EPR, 2077 has made local level for the proper management of solid waste through adoption of decomposable, reuse, recycle. If any of the responsible individuals or institutions intensionally do not manage waste, then respective province or local level will manage that and has authority to fine upto additional 50 percent of the total management cost.

8.4.2 Environment Protection Rules, 2054 B.S. Rule 7 of EPR provides that the proponent shall, on the basis of the approved work schedule pursuant to Rule 5, prepare the report of initial environmental examination (IEE) in the format as indicated in Schedule 5, and the report. Under sub rule 2, Whilst preparing the IEE report, the proponent shall affix a notice in the concerned municipality or Metropolitan city, Office of the District Development Committee, school, hospital and health post requesting the municipality or Metropolitan city and District Development Committee or concerned individuals or institutions to offer their written opinions and suggestions within 15 days with regard to the possible impact of the implementation of the proposal on the environment where

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal the proposal is to be implemented and prepare a Deed of Public Enquiry (Muchulka) of that deed. The said 15 days’ notice shall also be published in a national level daily newspaper. After the publication of such notice, the opinions and suggestions so received shall also be included in the final report.

Rule 12 of EPR stipulates that the proponent is obliged to follow the terms of conditions set by concerned agencies or MoFE in the approval letter during project implementation and operation. Rule 13 provides that the concerned agency to be responsible for the project monitoring.

8.4.3 Labor Rule, 2075 B.S. The Labor Rule, 2075 is formulated in accordance to Section 182 of Labor Act, 2074. Rule 7 of this Rule states, prior work permit is required to employ any non-Nepali citizens and according to Sub-section 3 of Section 22 of the Act, all the information about the labor should be enlisted. Rule 16 provisioned that working hours should be allocated according to the nature of work and Rule 17 provisioned, women with child not more than 3 years old or pregnant women should be given additional thirty minutes of time than stated in Section 28 of the Act to rest/ feed their child. Rule 34 emphasizes on making guidelines of occupational health and safety measures of the worker in the workplace and Rule 39 emphasizes on the safety against the possible injuries eye injury, impact of chemicals in workplace and fire hazards. Laborers involved in construction activity should be given the personal protective equipment and should be given first aid as soon as possible according to the Rule 53.

8.4.4 Solid waste Management Rules 2070 B.S. This rule is related for sustainable management of garbage and to minimize the negative impacts of garbage on environment and public health. It emphasizes segregation and management of solid waste, discharge and management of harmful and chemical waste, discharge and management of health-related waste and operation of sanitary landfill site.

8.4.5 Trade Union Regulation, 2050 B.S. Trade Union Regulation, 2050 has been formulated in accordance to the right given by Section 31 of Trade Union Act, 2049. Rule 3 of the Regulation emphasizes on requirement of application for the establishment of the trade union of any enterprise. According to Rule 10, election of the representation should be done who will be dealing with the management on behalf of the workers/members of trade union.

8.4.6 Solid waste Management Rules of Butwal SMC, 2074 B.S. Solid Waste Management Rules, 2074 has enforced the responsibility of managing of solid wastes generated during project activities. It has restricted mixing of hazardous wastes with ordinary waste to be dumped in municipality waste containers. Punishment measures for not complying have also mentioned. This rule outlines the duties of local government to take action on solid waste management in Butwal SMC for waste generation, segregation at source, collection and final disposal.

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8.4.7 Building Rules, 2066 B.S. Government of Nepal has in exercise of the power conferred by the Section 22 of the Building Act, 2055 (1998 AD), framed the Building Rules. A person, organization, or government entity desirous of constructing a house of category A, B, or C as mentioned in Subsection (1) of Section 11 of the Act shall submit design as well when submitting application in the municipality in the format of Schedule -1 for approval of the drawings. Whereas a person, organization, or government entity desirous of constructing a house of category A or B shall prepare drawings and design of the building and a person, organization, or government entity desirous of constructing a house of category C shall prepare drawings of the building, and submit for approval in the format of Schedule – 1 in the Office of Urban Development of concerned district. The Office of the Urban Development will check and verify the application received as per Sub-clause (2), and if the Office deemed it necessary of additional documents, it may call for the documents with the applicant.

8.4.8 Hotel, Lodge, Restaurant, Bar and Tourist Guide Regulation, 2038 B.S. The Hotel, Lodge, Restaurant, Bar and Tourist Guide Regulation, 2038 states that a person, interested to register own Hotel, Lodge, Restaurant and Bar having of tourist standard pursuant to sub-section (2) of Section 10 of the Act, shall submit an application to the Department in the format mentioned in Schedule-1 including the application fee of Ten Rupees. The section 4 states that the Department may specify the Hotel, registered pursuant to Rule 3, any one classification as of General Tourist Standard Hotel or Tourist Resort or one star to five star as per the facilities of that Hotel. The section 5 stipulates the categories of facilities in the hotel. The section 17 emphases the submission of periodic report to the Department in every six months.

8.5 Guidelines 8.5.1 National EIA Guidelines, 2050 BS To address environmental impact assessment as envisaged by NCS, 1987, National Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Guidelines were endorsed by Government of Nepal on 27 September 1992 and gazetted on 19 July in 1993, Volume 43, Number 5. The guideline provides criteria for project screening and initial environmental examination (IEE). This also includes scoping, preparation of terms of reference for EIA, methods of EIA report, impact identification and prediction, impact mitigation measures, review of the draft EIA report, impact monitoring, evaluation of impact studies, impact auditing, community participation and schedules and annexes to IEE and EIA.

Many of the guideline provisions are now included in the Environment Protection Act, 1997, and Environmental Protection Rules, 1997. EIA in Nepal has now become legally mandatory. However, as the National Environmental Guidelines, 1993 have not been issued under the Environmental Protection Act (1997); they do not have any legal force. It is a policy guideline issued by the Government that is still followed in the matters which are not covered by the Environment Protection Act (1997) and Environment Protection Rules (1997).

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8.5.2 Tourism Industry Service Delivery Directive, 2070 B.S. The tourism industry service directives mention the specifications and requirements to be meet by tourism industry service delivery for hotel, lodge, and restaurants, bar, travel, trekking, water rafting, mountaineering and other tourism related activities more effective and transparent. This is well applicable in the context of this project.

8.5.3 Tourism Vision 2020 A.D. The main goal of Tourism Vision 2020 is to increase annual international tourist arrivals to Nepal to two million by 2020 and to augment economic opportunities and increase employment in tourism sector to one million. It aims to improve livelihoods of the people across the country by developing integrated tourism infrastructure, increasing tourism activities and products, generating employment in the rural areas, and spreading the benefits of tourism. It also aims to expand and extend tourism products and services in new and potential areas of Nepal by enhancing community capacity to participate in tourism activities and to attract new investment in creating new tourism facilities products and services.

8.5.4 Butwal SMC Building Bye-laws, 2072 B.S. Then Ministry of Federal Affair and Local Development has developed and issue a guideline for development of settlement, urban planning, building construction 2072 as lesson learn from devastating earthquake. The Building bye-laws of Butwal SMC aim to implement building code throughout nation and provide guideline for construction earthquake resistance public infrastructure. Hotel Saffron CK has fallow the building code for designed and construction of Hotel building.

8.6 Standards 8.6.1 Classification of Hotel Standard, 2076 B.S. The hotel standards as per gazette notification 2070 mentions about the specifications and requirements (amenities and facilities) to be meet by hotels and resorts. This standard is also reviewed during the study. This is also applicable in the context of this project.

8.6.2 National Building Code, 2060 B.S. The national building code of Nepal was endorsed by GoN through cabinet decision in B.S. 2060/4/12. The code was endorsed in municipalities; districts head quarter municipality and urbanizing municipality in the country in 2005. The code provides details regarding site selection, foundation, materials to use, number of steels, proportion, space between components, height, depth, stable shapes etc. in order to maximize the strength of the building. It also provides preventive measures such as applying damp proof courses, using fire retardant materials and ways to avoid termite’s buildup so that the structure remains safe. Besides, the code mentions details of water supply, pipelines, storage system and electrical designs as well which differ according to the purpose building. NBC has to be followed by the developers while designing the multi-store building in the country.

8.6.3 National Drinking Water Quality Standard, 2062 B.S. Nepal's Drinking Water Quality Standards came into force in Nepal after its publication in Ministry of Physical Planning and Works, Nepal Gazette (B.S. 2063/03/12). The standards Page|96

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal provide the maximum concentration limits of fifteen physical parameters, ten chemical parameters and two micro germs for drinking purpose.

8.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standard, 2069 B.S.

The National Ambient Air Quality Standards, 2012 enforced by GoN has set quality standards for seven parameters: TSP, PM10, Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon mono-oxide, lead and benzene for the maintenance of the ambient air quality. The concentration values of the ambient air quality are shown in the following table.

Table 8-1 Maximum concentration and Test methods of National Ambient Air Quality standards

Parameters Averaging time Concentration Test Methods Units in Ambient Air, maximum TSP (Total Annual - Suspended µg/m3 24-hours* 230 High Volume Sampling Particulates) PM10 Annual - µg/m3 24-hours* 120 Low Volume Sampling Sulphur Dioxide Annual 50 Diffusive sampling based on weekly µg/m3 averages 24-hours** 70 To be determined before 2005. Nitrogen Annual 40 Diffusive sampling Dioxide based on weekly µg/m3 averages 24-hours** 80 To be determined before 2005. Carbon 8 hours** 10,000 To be determined before Monoxide µg/m3 2005. 15 minutes 100,000 Indicative samples*** Lead Annual 0.5 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, analysis µg/m3 of PM10 samples**** 24-hours* - Benzene Annual 20***** Diffusive sampling based on weekly µg/m3 averages 24-hours* -

*Note: 24 hourly values will be met 95% of the time in a year. 18 days per calendar year the standard may be exceeded but not on two consecutive days. **Note: 24 hourly standards for NO2 and SO2 and 8 hours standard for CO are not to be controlled before MoPE has recommended appropriate test methodologies. This will be done before 2005. ***Note: Control by spot sampling at roadside locations: Minimum one sample per week taken

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8.6.5 National Standard about Noise Level, 2069 B.S. Government of Nepal has formulated noise level standard for different area for day and night time. Department of Environment has been established under the Ministry of Forests and Environment for monitoring the environmental condition. The National Noise Quality Standards, 2012 enforced by GoN has set quality standards for the maintenance of the ambient noise quality. The project during its construction and operation will have to comply the set standards for the ambient noise quality.

Table 8-2 Noise Limit According to Area

Noise Limit Leq (dB) Area Day Night Industrial 75 70 Business 65 55 Rural Residential 45 40 Urban Residential 55 50 Mixed Residential 63 55 Peace Zone 50 40

Table 8-3 Noise Limit According to Equipment S.N. Equipment Maximum Limit Leq (dB) 1 Water pump 65 2 Diesel Generator 90 3 Entertainment 70 8.6.6 Nepal Vehicle Mass Emission Standards, 2069 B.S. Nepal Vehicular Emission Standard, 2056 enforced for the vehicles operating on petrol, gas and diesel. The emission standards are very specific for two, three and four-wheeler vehicles. The vehicles used by the project should comply with the vehicular emission standards during the construction and operation phase.

8.6.7 Tolerance Limits for Industrial Effluents to be Discharged into Inland Surface Waters, 2058 B.S. Tolerance Limits for Industrial Effluents to be discharged into Inland Surface Waters came into force in Nepal after its publication in Nepal Gazette 2058/01/17 B.S. and 2060/03/09 B.S. The standards provide the maximum concentration limits of twenty-five parameters for industrial effluents to be discharged into inland surface waters.

Characteristics Tolerance Limit Total Suspended solids, mg/L, Max 30-200 Particle size of total suspended particles Shall pass 850-micron Sieve. pH 5.5 to 9.0 Temperature Shall not exceed 40-degree C in any section of the stream within 15 meters Down-stream from the effluent outlet.

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Characteristics Tolerance Limit Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) for 5 days 30-100 at 20 °C, mg/L, Max Oils and grease, mg/L, Max 10 Phenolic compounds, mg/L, Max 1 Cyanides (as CN), mg/L, Max 0.2 Sulphides (as S), mg/L, Max 2 Radioactive materials: 10 -7 a. Alpha emitters, c/ml, Max 10 -8 b. Beta emitters, c/ml, Max Insecticides Absent Total residual chlorine, mg/L 1 Fluorides (as F), mg/L, Max 2 Arsenic (as As), mg/L, Max 0.2 Cadmium (as, Cd), mg/L, Max 2 Hexavalent chromium (as Cr), mg/L, Max 0.1 Copper (as Cu), mg/L, Max 3 Lead (as Pb), mg/L, Max 0.1 Mercury (as Hg), mg/L, Max 0.01 Nickel (as Ni), mg/L, Max 3 Selenium (as Se), mg/L, Max 0.05 Zinc (as Zn), mg/L, Max 5 Ammonical nitrogen, mg/L, Max 50 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), mg/L, Max 250 Silver, mg/L, Max 0.1 °C = degree Celsius, c/ml = count per milliliter, max = maximum, mg/l = milligram per liter

Source: MOPE (2003)

8.6.8 Diesel generator standard, 2069 B.S. The then MoPE introduced in October 2012 the National Diesel Generator Emission Standard (NDGES) for new and in-use diesel generators with a capacity of 8 kW-560 kW. In doing so they followed the Indian standards for construction equipment rather than for diesel generators. Hence the Nepal emission standards for new and in-use diesel generators are less stringent than in India. The emissions standards set for new diesel generator imports is equivalent to Bharat Stage III standards and, for in-use diesel generators, is equivalent to Bharat Stage II.

Table 23: National Diesel Generator Emission Standard Emission limit (g/kWh) Category_kW CO HC + NOx PM KW <8 8 7.5 0.8 8 = KW <19 6.6 7.5 0.8 19 = KW <37 5.5 7.5 0.6 37 = KW <75 5 4.7 0.4 75 = KW <130 3 4 0.3 130 = KW <560 3.5 4 0.2 (Note: This standard is equivalent to EURO III or INDIA III. Source: Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology)

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8.7 Environment Related Conventions 8.7.1 Convention on Biological Diversity, (CBD) 1992 A.D. Nepal signed the convention on biological diversity in 1992, ratified in 1993 and formally became state party to the CBD in 1994. The CBD linked PAs to larger issues of public concern like sustainable development, traditional knowledge, access to genetic resources, and equitable sharing of benefits. The main purpose of CBD is to integration of plan, policies, and programs in sectoral and cross-sectoral agencies to conserve biological component.

8.7.2 Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), 1975 A.D. Since 1975, Nepal has been working as a party to the CITES. This has facilitated international cooperation to stop or control international trade in endangered wild fauna and flora. The aim of CITES is to reduce or eliminate trade in species whose numbers or conditions suggest that further removal would cause extinction of that species. The Agreement classifies species according to criteria where access for control is important e.g. First – species threatened with extinction, second – species, which could become endangered and Third – species that are protected.

8.7.3 ILO Convention, 1969 A.D. ILO Convention No.169 is a legally binding international instrument, which deals specifically with the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples. Article 4 of the Convention calls for special measures to be adopted to safeguard the persons, institutions, property, labor, cultures and environment of these peoples. In addition, the Convention stipulates that these special measures should not go against the free wishes of indigenous peoples. The Convention recognizes these differences, and aims to ensure that they are protected and taken into account when any measures are being undertaken that are likely to have an impact on these peoples. The Convention requires that indigenous and tribal peoples are consulted on issues that affect them. It also requires that these peoples are able to engage in free, prior and informed participation in policy and development processes that affect them. Article 7 of Convention No. 169 states that indigenous and tribal peoples have the right to “decide their own priorities for the process of development as it affects their lives, beliefs, institutions and spiritual well-being and the lands they occupy or otherwise use, and to exercise control over their economic, social and cultural development”.

8.7.4 National Biodiversity Policy, 2002 A.D. The Nepal Biodiversity Strategy (NBS) is a commitment by the GoN for the protection and wise use of the biologically diverse resources of the country, the protection of ecological processes and systems, and the equitable sharing of all ensuring benefits on a sustainable basis, for the benefit of the people and to honor obligations under the Convention on Biological Diversity. Biological diversity in Nepal is closely linked to the livelihoods and economic development of most of the people, and relates to agricultural productivity and sustainability, human health and nutrition, indigenous knowledge, gender equality, building materials, water resources, and the aesthetic and cultural wellbeing of the society. NBS has the objective for the protection of biological diversity in Nepal and identifies or restates Government policy on natural resources and their diversity.

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The outcomes of the NBS has led towards stronger political commitment, an information management system, enhanced human and institutional capacity, clear policies and legislation, detailed Action Plans, heightened public awareness and an effective monitoring and evaluation process. The strategic plan highlights the existing weaknesses, gaps, difficulties and other problems that threaten Nepal’s Biodiversity. It provides the implementation mechanisms, roles and responsibilities of various government agencies, the private sector and people of the country to overcome the challenges related to biodiversity threats. The implementation mechanism of NBS is based accountability and transparency approach.

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9. CHAPTER 9: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is main tool for implementation of environmental mitigation measures and monitoring plan. The EMP includes environmental mitigation plan, environmental monitoring plan, environmental monitoring cost, organizational setup and grievance redress mechanism and reporting mechanism.

9.1 Environmental Management Plan

Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. is committed to establish environmental management unit for implementation environmental protection measures, environmental monitoring plan, corporate social activities etc. The proponent and EMU will be responsible to implement the Environmental Management Plan.

9.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental Monitoring Plan is one of the important elements of EIA process and EIA report will document necessary requirements for environmental monitoring to check the implementation of Environmental Protection Measures. Monitoring acts as an early warning system for any environmental damage and provides inputs for environmental auditing. Monitoring generates meaningful information to meet environmental objectives of the project and provides the proponent and decision-makers an opportunity to implement other necessary measures to avoid costly mistakes. It also generates information to compare actual and predicted changes on the environment (Uprety, 2003). Since it is not possible to monitor every single one of the parameters that were investigated during the impact identification process, a selection or ‘scoping out’ of the most important and critical parameters that will reflect the impacts of the project on its surrounding environment are made.

Types of Monitoring:

There are different types of environmental monitoring in practice. The National EIA Guideline, 1993 proposes the following three types of monitoring.

Baseline This is pre-audit study, is conducted to know the pre-project baseline condition of the Monitoring environmental parameters. This is carried out just before the construction of the project. Baseline monitoring is not applicable on this project because it will be launching immediately after approval of report. Compliance This monitoring is carried out to know the implementation status of environmental Monitoring requirements as documented in EIA report and they will be complied during pre- construction, construction and operation stages of the project as appropriate. It employs periodic sampling or continuous recording of certain parameters and ensures implementation of any conditions set-fourth during EIA report approval. Impact This monitoring detects environmental changes and estimates inherent variation within Monitoring the environment, establishes long-term trends in the natural system, and derives conclusion by making comparison against a standard or target.

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The main objectives of environmental monitoring plan are given below;

To know the implementation status of environmental requirements as documented in EIA report, and they will be complied with during pre-construction, construction and operation stages of the project. To compare assessment project baseline before and after the project development are;

• To ensure that the mitigation commitments by the proponent for the minimization of adverse impacts and enhance the beneficial impacts and the mitigation measures and enhancement program are compiled and implemented in time and with sincerity • To confirm that the project impacts are within the limits of the impact prediction or not • To minimize unpredicted impacts occurred during project construction and operation

As baseline environment of the proposal development area is disgustingly known and also documented in this EIA report, the proponent itself will carry out compliance and impact monitoring of the project construction and operation period. The monitoring management plan for baseline, compliance and impact is presented in following table subsequently.

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Table 9-1: Baseline Monitoring Plan during Pre-construction Phase

Monitoring Parameter Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Place Monitoring Methods Monitoring Schedule Monitoring Responsibility Air Quality TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 Nearby Project site Use primary experiment Once MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT Water Quality Water quality parameter Nearby Project site Laboratory test Once MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT nearby water source Noise Level Noise level monitoring Nearby Project site Direct measurement by Once MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT of proposed site using Noise meter

Table 9-2: Compliance Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation Phase

Monitoring Parameter Monitoring Indicator Monitoring Place Monitoring Methods Monitoring schedule Monitoring Responsibility Maintain open space and Presence of greenery Project site Observation Once a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, greenery BSMC Water Quality As per the National Project site Samples and observation Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, drinking water quality BSMC standard Use of less noisy Noise level measurement Project site Site observation Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, generators BSMC Solid waste management Sanitation and Project site Site observation Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, segregation, treatment BSMC facilities Installation of fire Presence of fire Project structures Observation Once before operation MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, extinguishers extinguisher BSMC Local employment Number and type of Proponent Review of records Yearly MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, employees BSMC Occupational safety and Health situation Vicinity area of project Observation Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, health site BSMC Priority of hiring of Number of employee Project site Cross checking the list of First year of operation MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, employment employment BSMC Allocation of appropriate Release of budget Project site Discussion with Before operation MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, budget for the concerned authority BSMC implementation of mitigation measure and monitoring work

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Table 9-3: Impact Monitoring Plan during Construction and Operation Phase

Monitoring Parameters Monitoring Indicators Monitoring Location Monitoring Methods Monitoring Schedule Monitoring Responsibility Physical environment Solid waste management Waste segregation, Project site Inspection and Review Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, collection, transportation, of records BSMC recycle, and treatment/ disposal procedure in place Waste water management pH, BOD, COD, Turbidity, Project site Inspection and review Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, Nitrite, of records BSMC Chloride, Nitrate, Calcium, Total alkalinity, Total hardness, Iron, ammonia, Magnesium Air quality Foul smell and Suspended Project vicinity Inspection and review Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, particulate matter (SPM) of records BSMC Noise quality Noise Level measurement Project site Monitoring using sound Monthly MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, level meter BSMC Biological environment Green and garden area Area allocation and Project site Observation Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, maintenance of garden BSMC Socio-economic environment Priority for local Employment record Project site Employment Record Yearly MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, employment BSMC Formation of waste Document of committee Project site Review of records and Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, management and OHS formation and minute record minutes BSMC Committee Formation of Document committee Local community Review of record and Yearly MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, coordination committee formation and meetings minutes BSMC Facilitating local business Number of local supplies Project vicinity Review the list of Yearly MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, and suppliers suppliers BSMC Facilitating for tourism Number of tourism Project vicinity Review the list of Yearly MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, entrepreneur tourism entrepreneur BSMC Lobbying for social Documented evidences of Project vicinity Review of document Yearly MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, services the efforts made BSMC Awareness training on Number of trainings and list Project vicinity Review of training Twice a year MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, emergency preparedness of participants program BSMC Page|105

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9.3 Environmental Monitoring Cost

Monitoring cost provided at present is only a tentative cost as monitoring is a well-coordinated and well defined long-term activity for which at this moment an exact cost is not possible to estimate. About NPR. 9,98,000.00 has allocated for baseline, compliance and impact monitoring activities.

Table 9-4 Environmental Monitoring Cost S. No. Particular Unit Rate Amount (NRs) 1 Point x 2 times x 1. Air Quality Monitoring 80,000.00 80,000.00 2. Noise Level Monitoring 2 Point x 2 times x 2,000.00 8,000.00 3. Water Quality Monitoring 2 Point x 2 times x 5,000.00 20,000.00 4. Other Direct Observation 2 times x 125,000.00 250,000.00 Monitoring Cost for Officials for 10 Personal x 8 times x 4 5. supervision, grievance management days x 2,000.00 640,000.00 or other issues related with project TOTAL (NRs) 998,000.00

9.4 Environmental Auditing

Environmental auditing is also an important part of environmental management process. The National EIA Guidelines (1993) and Environment Protection Rules (1997) specify that an Environmental Audit is required after the project operation for two years, and that other types of environmental auditing are optional as to be decided by GoN. Auditing refers to a general class of environmental investigations that are used to verify past and current environmental performance. In the context of the environmental management of a project, environment impact auditing may assess the actual environmental impact, accuracy of prediction, effectiveness of environmental impact mitigation and enhancement measures, and functioning of pre- construction, construction and operation phase monitoring mechanisms.

On behalf of GoN, Ministry of Forests and Environment is responsible for deciding which types of audit are required for the project. The envisaged environmental audit team will comprise of environmentalist with knowledge about EIA study, monitoring and auditing work as team leader accompanied by sociologist and others. This team will have thoroughly review of project related document and records starting from approved EIA such as land acquisition process and methods, monthly published monitoring report, implementation of proposed enhancement and mitigation measures through Environmental management unit. The EMU will provide all necessary document including corrective action and suggestion from environment and social officer and concerned stakeholders. Apart from this auditing team will make a long project site visit to directly observation of the field condition and comprehend with the earlier documents and database. At field visit time audit team will conduct local stakeholder meetings and key informant in the community. For collection of data audit team can also use questionnaire and checklist survey.

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Table 9-5: Environmental Auditing framework

Parameter Indicator Location Methods Sources Physical Environment Land use change Construction of hotel building , blocks, Building site Observation Observation and photographs and generator site etc. records from hotel

Solid waste management Collection bin, foul smelling around In and around the hotel Observation Records, local information, photographs, hotel site information from hotel

Waste water management Order and color of waste water Collection site, drainage Observation, analysis Local people, photographs, observations Air and noise pollution Emission of dust and air pollution Sound Hotel site and generator Observation, interview Local information, photographs, pollution site and measurement observations Energy use Installation of alternative energy solar In the roof top of the Observation and Photographs, interview and records system, generator hotel and generator site inspection

Parking and traffic Congestion around the hotel site Parking site Observation, interview Photographs, interview and records management Emergency preparedness Installation of fire hydrant and hose reels, In the hotel and floor Observation, interview Photographs, interview and records sprinklers and fire extinguisher and emergency exit Use of ground water Amount of ground water withdrawal and In the hotel site Observation and Photographs, interview and records rain harvesting system inspection

Earth quake and disaster Earth quake resistance building Building Observation and Records from structural and architectural analysis drawing Biological Environment Habitat for Urban Greening and gardening Allocated area Observation and Local people, available information, Biodiversity interview photographs, and observation

Socio-economic and Cultural Environment Employment opportunity Nos. of local labors employed during Hotel site Interview and records Records, local people, records from hotel project construction Skill Development Nos. of training conducted and Hotel site Interview and records Records, local people, records from hotel employment in post project

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Parameter Indicator Location Methods Sources Occupational Health and Incident of accident and injuries to the In the hotel Interview and records Local people, records from hotel safety labor and local Tourism and business Establishment of new hotel, lodge, shops, In and around hotel site Interview and records Local people, observation and record promotion no. of tourism entrepreneur from hotel and tourism based organization Awareness training on Number of trainings and list of In the hotel Records and interview Records from hotel emergency preparedness participants

9.5 Summary of EMP Cost

The cost of environment management plan is given in subsequent table. The total cost of EMP is about 0.39 % of total project cost.

Table 9-6: Summary of EMP Cost

S.N. Particular Estimated cost (NPR) Remarks 1. Corporate Social Responsibility 2,860,500.00 Enhancement cost embeded 2. Mitigation measure 1,450,000.00 3. Monitoring cost 998,000.00 4. Environmental auditing cost 500,000.00 Total Environmental Cost 5,808,500.00 Total project cost 1,500,000,000.00 Ratio of environmental cost to project cost 0.39%

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9.6 Organization Structure

Figure 9-1 outlines the organizational setup for implementation of mitigation measures, CSR cost and monitoring plan. Figure 9-1: Organizational Structure

MoFE Project Management Unit DCC, Rupandehi MoCTCA GM/MD BSMC DoT Ward Office-8

Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd.

Responsibility • EMP Implementation • Assure Environmental • Briefing of EMP and social compliances status to PMU and • Conduct Compliance and other stakeholders Impact Monitoring • Status, submission of Environmental and social • Coordinate the execution periodic report Officer of sectoral functions of • Support proponent MoFE, MoCTCA, DoT, in Env. & social DoEnv, BSMC matters • 5. Support implementation of CSR and Community Support Program • Monitor activities of construction contractor

Responsibility • Record of grievances Grievance Handling Officer received from community • Timely update to PMU • Coordination with Environment Expert/PMU for solving grievances. • Disclosure of action taken

9.7 Grievance Redresses Mechanism and Reporting Mechanism

Along with the construction and operation of hotel the people may have complain on different activities of the project. Procedure of lodging complain will be established to allow local people, guests and other relevant institution to appeal any disagreeable practice and activities arising from the project activities. There is the potentiality for grievance related to hotel quality services, hospitality, CSR activities, community infrastructure and other community related issues. The hotel will formulate the grievance redress committee to resolve complains. The guest and other stakeholder can lodge his/him complain to hotel office. The General Manager through its staff verifies the issues and gives their decision within 7 days of the compliant register in the office. If the issue is settled, the process ends. If the issue is not solved to the satisfaction, the concern will be forwarded to hotel owner. They verify the issues and call meeting to solve the problem. The Hotel owner will provide its decision to the concerned issues

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9.8 Solid Waste Management Plan

In case of management of solid waste generated within the hotel premises will be managed as per proposed SMW strategies mentioned earlier Chapter 2, 4, 5 and 7 through 3R principle.

9.9 Disaster Risk Reduction Plan

In case of management of un-intentional possible hazards consequences from human activity and natural cause will be managed as per proposed designs addressed in DPR, impacts and identified mitigation measures mentioned in earlier Chapter 2, 4, 5 and 7.

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10. CHAPTER 10: CONCLUSION

The project, Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. has been proposed with the objective of establishing star category standard hotel with 130 bed capacity providing special features and services like hotels, restaurant, banquet and conference centre, swimming, gym and spa, adventure sports and others to the guests. This EIA study has identified, predicted and evaluated the beneficial as well as adverse impacts of the project and also suggested augmentation/ enhancement measures for beneficial impacts and mitigation measures for potential adverse impacts. The construction and operation of hotel will have a number of beneficial impacts. Potential adverse impacts can be minimized by adopting mitigation measures suggested in the EIA report. Any unforeseen impacts not predicted in this EIA report, if appear during course of construction or implementation, will also be mitigated by the proponent. Monitoring activities will need to focus on compliance to address unexpected impacts. The proponent has agreed to establish and operate proposed hotel with due consideration and implementation of all the mitigation measures complying existing legislations and environmental standards and will conduct periodic monitoring.

Considering the nature of the project, its location and people's perception about the project, this EIA study recommends implementation of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. along with the strict implementation of the prescribed mitigation measures during both construction and operation phase of the project.

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11. REFERENCES

CBS 2011: National Population and Housing Census. Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Nepal. CBS 2013: Environment Statistics of Nepal. Central Bureau of Statistics, Government of Nepal. DHM, 2005. Climate Zone of Nepal. Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal Geotechnical Investigation Works 2018; Final Report on Soil Investigation Works for the Proposed site of Hotel Saffron C K Pvt. Ltd. at Butwal-08, Rupandehi. Khattri N. 2004; Spatial distribution of aquifers in Bhairahawa–Lumbini area, Rupandehi district, West Nepal. Bhairahawa–Lumbini Groundwater Irrigation Project, Siddhartha Nagar, Rupandehi, Nepal, Jour. Nep. Geol. Soc., Vol. 30, 2004, 107-114. MoFE 1999: Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and Environment Protection Rules, 1999. (Amendment, 1999). Government of Nepal, Ministry of Forest and Environment. MCTCA 2019: Nepal Tourism Statistics 2018, Government of Nepal, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Kathmandu, 2019.

Other Guiding Act/Rules: Environmental Protection Act, 1997 and Environment Protection Rules, 1997 (Amendment, 2007). Scoping Document for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. (2020).

Terms of Reference for Environmental Impact Assessment of Hotel Saffron CK Pvt. Ltd. (2020).

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ANNEX: I Approved ToR ANNEX: II Publication of Notice for Public Hearing and Proof of Notice Pasting Legal Documents 1. Certificate of Incorporation of Company 2. PAN Certificate 3. Business Registration Certificate 4. Bill of Approved Building Design 5. Certification of Four Forts of Land Plot 6. Land Plot Certificate 7. Hotel Owner’s Share Contribution Record Sheet ANNEX: III 8. Article of Association of Company “Prabanda Patra” 9. Article of Memorandum of Company “Niyamawali” 10. Capital Increment Letter 11. Ammendment on Article of Association of Company “Prabanda Patra” for Capital Increment and Ammended Hotel Owner’s Share Contribution Record Sheet 12. Tax clearance Certificate 13. Owner’s Citizenship certificate ANNEX: IV Minutes of Public Hearing ANNEX: V Collection of Recommendation Letters ANNEX: VI Checklist of Baseline Information ANNEX: VII Data on Baseline Information Architectural and Structural Drawings of Building 4. Building Certificate from Municipality ANNEX: VIII 5. Affidavit Letter 6. Letter from CAAN about the height clearance of Hotel ANNEX: IX Details of Soil Test Report ANNEX: X Photographs

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EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

ANNEX I: Approved ToR

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ANNEX II: Publication of Notice for Public Hearing and Proof of Notice Pasting

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ANNEX III Legal Documents Page|VII

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ANNEX IVMinutes of Public Hearing

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ANNEX V Collection of Recommendation Letters

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ANNEX VI Checklist of Baseline Infromation

A. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

Description of Information/Issues Justification of Information/ Issues Remarks Hotel Name and Location Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal SMC-08, Sukhhanagar, Rupandehi, Province No. -5 Area, Plot Nos. Total Buildup Area GPS Coordinates (4 corner) Latitude:

Longitude: Administrative Boundary (E,W,N,S) Physiography and Topography (types of classification, elevation, topographical distribution, types of land use pattern nearby the project area, typology composition perspective) Geology and Soil (formation type, classification of rock and soil type around the project area, sample distribution –size) Climate (Temperature and rainfall trend analysis of the project area) Drainage and Hydrology (Major river network, origin, type, flow pattern, possible influence to project area or not) Land Use (Settlement type, land use pattern/coverage, mapping area (P/S) Air Quality and Noise Levels (Scenario of existing source, type, extent, possible sources probe) Water Resource and Quality (Source, Daily requirement of water Kitchen, demand and supply, storage facility, rain water harvesting (if any in plan), firefighting plan and water consumption at one time (details). Quality maintain (how), water heating system Solid Waste Management (Segregation/characterization, recyclable waste management, composting facility and so on. management system of existing waste in SMC/ward level along with SWM projection of waste generation, composition system proposed from hotel. Also, give consideration on fecal sludge management plan from hotel in future. Page|XVIII

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

B. BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT Plant Diversity (Major, Actually to be fell, compensatory plantation, no impact area within the project intervention area and forest type and vegetation in nearby proposed project area) Wildlife Diversity (Major encountered/presence status and habitat along with magnitude and extent of adverse impact from the proposed project) C. SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT Socio-Economic Information (Private HHs, hotels, shops, schools, temples/shrines, archeological sites, corporate-banking sectors information within DIZ (50-100m based on HHs density) and ward level information on population, ethnicity, religion, education, institute, caste, mother tongue, energy used for cooking and lightning, toilet use, communication channel within IIZ) Corporate Social Responsibility (practice of existing in DIZ/IIZ and plan of hotel in future Basic Infrastructure Services (Public health facilities, energy and electricity, Road network and air transport, Major economic activities) Resource Availability and Accessibility (Materials (construction and other), Energy (demand, supply and backup plan) and Human

Resources: Skill (Cook, Manager and Account), Semi skill (Driver, waiter, reception) & Unskilled (housekeeping, cleaning, dishwasher) Open space (parking and urban greenery) Safety and Emergency Preparedness (Building code 2060…..)

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A. Checklist for collecting baseline information of affected HHs at DIZ

S.N. Information Details

1. HHs number

2. Respondent name

3. Family members M F

4. Age group (15-59)

5. Ethnicity

6. Mother language

7. Occupation

8. Ownership of HHs Owned / Rented

9. Types of HHs

Water source used for 10. drinking

11. Sanitation facility

12. Energy used for cooking

13. Energy used for lighting

14. Religion

15. Major Culture/Traditions

16. Communication type

ANNEX VII Data on Baseline Information

WATER ANALYSIS REPORT Page|XX

EIA Report Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd., Butwal

Project Name: EIA of Hotel Saffron C.K. Pvt. Ltd. Consultant: Abhiyanta Solutions Pvt. Ltd. Lab Code: 20/03-28(a) Collector: Pratikshya Chalisey Location: Butwal-8, Sukhhanagar Season: Winter Co-ordinate: 27.68739, 83.47028 Source: Tap water Sampled By: Raman Badaila Sampling Date: 2076/11/24 Sampling Time: 3 pm Receipt Date: 2076/11/25 Completion Date: 2076/11/29

Parameters Results Unit NDWQS Method

Physical

Color 5 TCU 5 (10) 2120 B. APHA 23st edition Conductivity 786 μS/cm 1500 (max) 2510 B. APHA 23st edition pH 7.5 - 6.5-8.5 4500 H+ B. APHA 23st edition Total Solids 104 mg/L - 2540 B. APHA 23st edition Turbidity 5 NTU 5 (15) 2130 B. APHA 23st edition Chemical

Ammonia 0.03 mg/L 1.5 4500 NH3 F. APHA 23st edition Chloride 13.99 mg/L 250 4500-Cl- B. APHA 23st edition Iron 0.21 mg/L 0.3 (3) 3500-Fe B. APHA 23st edition

Nitrate 2.50 mg/L 50 4500 NO3- B. APHA 23st edition

Total Hardness 92 mg/L as CaCO3 500 2340 C. APHA 23st edition Microbiology Coliform* Absent - - P/A Vials NDWQS=National Drinking Water Quality Standard (2062) Note: The integrity of the sample and results are dependent on the quality of sampling. The results refer only to the parameters tested of the samples provided/collected for analysis.

Remarks: All the parameters are found to be within the range of

Analyzed By: Checked By: Authorized By

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ANNEX VIII Architectural and Structural Drawings of Building Page|XXIII

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ANNEX IX Details of Soil Test Report

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ANNEX X Photographs

Photo 1: Land plot access with East-West Photo 2: North View of the Plot Highway

Photo 3: North View of the Plot Photo 4: Public Consultation with local stakeholders

Photo 5: Air Quality Testing at Proposed hotel Photo 6: Public Hearing at Hotel Site site

Photo 7: Public Hearing at Hotel Site Photo 8: Public Hearing at Hotel Site

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