Renewable Energy Generation Career Ladder

Prepared by AdvanceCT and Thomas P. Miller & Associates To increase job opportunities in Connecticut’s green technology sector, lower energy costs, improve energy efficiency and promote sustainability, the Office of Workforce Competitiveness, in consultation with other agencies, created a green jobs career ladder. This ladder is designed to link green jobs employers with technical education and career schools and institutions of higher education to foster coordination and grow the workforce in the sector.

The green jobs ladder includes components such as the scope of the industry and various occupations included, the skills and knowledge needed to succeed in those occupations, and the professional opportunities available at the entry, mid‐career and advanced levels, along with the current salary ranges for each. To maintain this ladder as a comprehensive and useful resource for the green technology industry and its educational partners, it will be updated periodically as needed.

State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 2 Renewable Energy Generation Ladder Entry Level Mid‐Career Advanced High School Diploma and On‐the‐Job Training Bachelor’s Degree/ 5 Years or Less of Training Doctoral or professional degree/ 5+ Years of Training

Solar Photovoltaic Installers Civil Engineers Industrial Production Managers Machinists Electrical Engineers Architectural and Wind Turbine Service Engineering Managers Technicians Mechanical Engineers Medical and Health Services Managers Sheet Metal Workers Engineers, All Other Maintenance and Repair Sales Managers Workers, General Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical The lines within this career ladder and Scientific Products provide potential pathways that workers Power Plant Operators can follow within this industry ecosystem. The colors are simply to differentiate one pathway option from the other. State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 3 Architecture and Engineering Managers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Engineering Managers Reading Comprehension $69.19/Hour Project Managers High Post‐ School or Secondary Critical Thinking Directors of Engineering Bachelor's Certificate Less Active Listening Product Managers Speaking

TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Coordination COMMON KNOWLEDGE Complex Problem Solving TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Judgement and Decision Making Engineering and Technology Master of Business Administration 3,610 Time Management Design Project Management Professional Writing Mathematics Licensed Professional Engineer Mathematics Administration and Management Professional Engineer

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Agriculture & Energy Environmental Government & Transportation Green Research, Manufacturing Renewable Forestry Efficiency & Protection & Regulatory Construction Design, Energy Storage Waste Administration Consulting, & Generation Reduction Supportive Services

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 4 Civil Engineers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Structural Engineers Critical Thinking $45.02/Hour Civil Engineers High Post‐ School or Secondary Active Listening Bridge Engineers Bachelor's Certificate Less Speaking Geotechnical Engineers Mathematics Complex Problem Solving COMMON KNOWLEDGE TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Operation Analysis TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Systems Analysis Engineering and Technology Licensed Engineer 3,713 Time Management Building and Construction Professional Engineer Science Mathematics Master of Business Administration Reading Comprehension Design Traffic Control Supervisor

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 5 Electrical Engineers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Senior Electrical Engineers Reading Comprehension $47.26/Hour Design Engineers High Post‐ School or Secondary Active Listening Systems Engineers Bachelor's Certificate Less Writing Project Engineers Critical Thinking Complex Problem Solving COMMON KNOWLEDGE TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Speaking TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Active Learning Engineering and Technology Professional Engineer 2,890 Monitoring Computer and Electronics Licensed Professional Engineer Mathematics Design Systems Operator Certification Operations Analysis Mathematics Master of Business Administration

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 6 Engineers, All Other Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Manufacturing Engineers Reading Comprehension $45.32/Hour Energy Efficiency High Post‐ High School School or Secondary Critical Thinking Energy Consultants or Less Bachelor's Certificate Less Active Listening Design Engineers (Architecture and Engineering) Writing Complex Problem Solving TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED COMMON KNOWLEDGE Speaking TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Judgement and Decision Making Engineering and Technology Commercial Driver’s License 1,067 Mathematics Mathematics Journeyman Lineman Active Learning Design Monitoring Computers and Electronics

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 7 Industrial Production Managers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Quality Assurance Engineers Speaking $62.41/Hour Quality Assurance Managers High Post‐ School or Secondary Critical Thinking Production Managers Bachelor's Certificate Less Monitoring Manufacturing Managers Coordination Time Management COMMON KNOWLEDGE TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Reading Comprehension TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Active Listening Administration and Management Six Sigma Green Belt 2,899 Judgement and Decision Making Customer and Personal Service Master of Business Administration Management of Personnel Resources Personnel and Human Resources Six Sigma Black Belt Active Learning Mathematics Certified Quality Engineer

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 8 Machinists Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED CNC Machinists Operation Monitoring $24.30/Hour Tool Makers High School Post‐ Secondary Critical Thinking Machine Operators or Less Certificate Operation and Control CNC Programmers Reading Comprehension Active Listening COMMON KNOWLEDGE TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Monitoring TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Coordination Mathematics None 7,759 Speaking Mechanical Complex Problem Solving Production and Processing Equipment Selection English Language

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 9 Maintenance and Repairer Workers, General Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Maintenance Workers Equipment Maintenance $23.07/Hour Maintenance Mechanics High School Post‐ Secondary Repairing Maintenance Technicians or Less Certificate Troubleshooting Tool Repairmen Critical Thinking

TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Monitoring COMMON KNOWLEDGE Equipment Selection TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Operation Monitoring Mechanical Commercial Driver’s License 12,493 Operation and Control Building and Construction CFC Refrigeration Reading Comprehension Customer and Personal Service EPA 608 Technician Speaking Public Safety and Security HVAC Certification

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 10 Mechanical Engineers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Mechanical Engineers

Reading Comprehension $45.32/Hour Project Engineers High Post‐ Active Listening Less SchoolSchool or Secondary

Front‐End Developers Bachelor's

or Certificate Less Mathematics Design Engineers (Architecture and High Engineering) Science Critical Thinking TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED COMMON KNOWLEDGE Complex Problem Solving TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Operations Analysis Engineering and Technology Master of Business Administration 4,177 Judgement and Decision Making Mathematics Professional Engineer Active Learning Design Licensed Professional Engineer Systems Evaluation Mechanical Project Management Professional

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 11 Medical and Health Service Managers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Medical Directors

Speaking $62.25/Hour Chief Medical Officers High Post‐ Critical Thinking Less School Secondary

School or Health Service Directors Bachelor's Lessor Certificate

High Reading Comprehension Clinical Managers Active Listening Writing COMMON KNOWLEDGE TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Coordination TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Judgement and Decision Making Administration and Management Bachelor of Science in Nursing 5,948 Time Management Customer and Personal Service Medical License Active Learning Clerical Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) Social Perceptiveness Personnel and Human Resources Immunization Certification

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 12 Power Plant Operators Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Plant Operators

Operation Monitoring $37.28/Hour Control Operators Post‐ High School Bachelor's Critical Thinking Less School Less School

Secondary

Operator Assistants or Less or or Certificate

High Operation and Control Logistics Operators High Speaking

TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Active Listening COMMON KNOWLEDGE Quality Control Analysis TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Monitoring EPA Universal Certification Mechanical 338 Troubleshooting English Language Operator Certification Judgement and Decision Making Public Safety and Security Reading Comprehension Production and Processing

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 13 Sales Managers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Sales Managers Persuasion $69.19/Hour Sales Directors High Post‐ School or Secondary Active Listening Account Managers Bachelor's Certificate Less Speaking Sales Managers Reading Comprehension Critical Thinking TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED COMMON KNOWLEDGE Social Perceptiveness TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Coordination Sales and Marketing Master of Business Administration 6,775 Negotiation Customer and Personal Service Project Management Professional Series 7 General Securities Representative Service Orientation English Language License Active Learning Administration and Management Series 6 Investment Company And Variable Contracts License

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 14 Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific Products Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Sales Representatives Speaking $50.85/Hour Medical Sales Representatives High Post‐ School or Secondary Persuasion Sales Specialists Bachelor's Certificate Less Active Listening Account Executives Negotiation Social Perceptiveness TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED COMMON KNOWLEDGE Reading Comprehension TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Service Orientation Customer and Personal Service Automotive Service Excellence 2,906 Coordination Sales and Marketing Certified Pharmacy Technician Active Learning English Language Certified Professional Coder Writing Administration and Management Certified Forklift Operator

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 15 Sheet Metal Workers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Sheet Metal Mechanics Critical Thinking $26.77/Hour Sheet Metal Workers High School Post‐ Secondary Reading Comprehension Sheet Metal Fabricators or Less Certificate Speaking Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Sheet Metal Mathematics Installers Monitoring TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED COMMON KNOWLEDGE Coordination TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Judgement and Decision Making Mechanical Certified Forklift Manager 1,275 Time Management Mathematics Apple Certified Macintosh Technician Active Listening Building and Construction Commercial Driver’s License Complex Problem Solving Administration and Management

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 16 Solar Photovoltaic Installers Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED COMMON JOB TITLES $27.15/Hour Installation Solar Photovoltaic Installers Post‐ High School Active Listening or Less Secondary Service Technicians Certificate Critical Thinking

Warehouse Workers Monitoring Warehouse Workers (Transportation Reading Comprehension and Material Moving) COMMON KNOWLEDGE TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Speaking TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Active Learning Equipment Technicians None 77 Coordination Building and Construction Troubleshooting English Language Quality Control Analysis Design

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 17 Wind Turbine Service Technicians Occupational Profile

MEDIAN SALARY & WAGES COMMON JOB TITLES REQUESTED EDUCATION TOP SKILLS REQUESTED Wind Turbine Technicians Troubleshooting $30.62/Hour Generator Technicians High School Post‐ Secondary Repairing Environmental Specialists or Less Certificate Equipment Maintenance

Critical Thinking Operation Monitoring COMMON KNOWLEDGE TOP CERTIFICATIONS REQUESTED Complex Problem Solving TOTAL JOBS FOR 2024 COMPETENCIES Reading Comprehension Mechanical None 16 Active Listening Computer and Electronics Speaking Engineering and Technology Monitoring Physics

SIMILAR INDUSTRIES

Indicates an especially close similarity State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 18 Education & Training Institutions Offerings

Biofuels/Biodiesel Technology and Product Biofuels Production Managers Biomass Power Plant Managers Civil Engineers Development Managers

Asnuntuck Community College Asnuntuck Community College Asnuntuck Community College Capital Community College Gateway Community College Central Connecticut State University Central Connecticut State University Central Connecticut State University Housatonic Community College Eversource (Convex Operating Group)‐ OJT Eversource (Convex Operating Group)‐ OJT Quinnipiac University Manchester Community College Fairfield University Fairfield University United States Coast Guard Academy Middlesex Community College Gateway Community College Gateway Community College University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus Naugatuck Valley Community College Goodwin College Goodwin College University of Hartford Northwestern Connecticut Community College Manchester Community College Manchester Community College University of New Haven Norwalk Community College Naugatuck Valley Community College Naugatuck Valley Community College Quinebaug Valley Community College Quinnipiac University Quinnipiac University Three Rivers Community College Southern Connecticut State University Southern Connecticut State University Tunxis Community College University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus University of Hartford University of Hartford University of New Haven University of New Haven University of New Haven Yale University

State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 19 Education & Training Institutions Offerings

Electrical Engineers Geothermal Production Managers Hydroelectric Production Managers Machinists Advanced Electrical Services, Inc. Asnuntuck Community College Asnuntuck Community College Bristol Technical Education Center Dominion Nuclear Connecticut Inc‐ Apprenticeship Central Connecticut State University Central Connecticut State University General Dynamics Electric Boat Division Dubaldo Electric Co Eversource (Convex Operating Group)‐ OJT Eversource (Convex Operating Group)‐ OJT Housatonic Community College Eversource (Convex Operating Group)‐ OJT Fairfield University Fairfield University Manufacturing Alliance Service Corporation, Inc. Fairfield University Gateway Community College Gateway Community College Middlesex Community College Griffin Electrical Contractors, Inc. Goodwin College Goodwin College Naugatuck Valley Community College Haskins Electric, LLC Manchester Community College Manchester Community College Pa‐Ted Spring Company, LLC. National Electrical Contractors Associates NECA & Naugatuck Valley Community College Naugatuck Valley Community College Quinebaug Valley Community College Local 90 JATC Quinnipiac University Quinnipiac University Renchel Tool Inc. Ray Brown Electric, LLC Southern Connecticut State University Southern Connecticut State University TRUMPF Inc. Sacred Heart University University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus Tunxis Community College Trinity College University of Hartford University of Hartford United States Coast Guard Academy University of New Haven University of New Haven University of Bridgeport University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus University of Hartford University of New Haven Yale University

State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 20 Education & Training Institutions Offerings

Mechanical Engineers Methane/Landfill Gas Collection System Operators Sheet Metal Workers Solar Energy Systems Engineers Central Connecticut State University Asnuntuck Community College Air TempMechanical Services Asnuntuck Community College Fairfield University Central Connecticut State University Construction Education Center, Inc. Capital Community College Quinnipiac University Eversource (Convex Operating Group)‐ OJT New England Mechanical Services, INC. Gateway Community College United States Coast Guard Academy Fairfield University Sheet Metal Workers, Local Union 40, JACT Housatonic Community College University of Bridgeport Gateway Community College Three Rivers Community College Manchester Community College University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus Goodwin College Middlesex Community College University of Hartford Manchester Community College Naugatuck Valley Community College University of New Haven Naugatuck Valley Community College Northwestern Connecticut Community College Yale University Quinnipiac University Norwalk Community College Southern Connecticut State University Quinebaug Valley Community College University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus Three Rivers Community College University of Hartford Tunxis Community College University of New Haven University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus Yale University

State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 21 Education & Training Institutions Offerings

Solar Photovoltaic Installers Wind Energy Engineers Wind Energy Operations Managers Wind Energy Project Managers

Construction Education Center, Inc. Asnuntuck Community College Albertus Magnus College Albertus Magnus College Gateway Community College Capital Community College Asnuntuck Community College Capital Community College Gateway Community College Capital Community College Central Connecticut State University Housatonic Community College Central Connecticut State University Charter Oak State College Manchester Community College Charter Oak State College Fairfield University Middlesex Community College Eastern Connecticut State University Gateway Community College Naugatuck Valley Community College Fairfield University Goodwin College Northwestern Connecticut Community College Gateway Community College Mitchell College Norwalk Community College Goodwin College New Horizons Computer Learning Center Quinebaug Valley Community College Housatonic Community College Northwestern Connecticut Community College Three Rivers Community College Manchester Community College Patrick's Academy Tunxis Community College Middlesex Community College Post University University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus Mitchell College Quinebaug Valley Community College Yale University Naugatuck Valley Community College Quinnipiac University New Horizons Computer Learning Center Sacred Heart University Northwestern Connecticut Community College Southern Connecticut State University Norwalk Community College United States Coast Guard Academy Patrick's Academy University of Bridgeport Post University University of Connecticut ‐ Waterbury Campus Quinebaug Valley Community College University of Connecticut, Stamford Quinnipiac University University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus Sacred Heart University University of Hartford Southern Connecticut State University University of New Haven Three Rivers Community College University of Saint Joseph Tunxis Community College Western Connecticut State University United States Coast Guard Academy Yale University University of Bridgeport University of Connecticut ‐ Waterbury Campus University of Connecticut, School of Business University of Connecticut, Stamford University of Connecticut, Storrs Campus University of Connecticut, Tri‐Campus University of Hartford University of New Haven University of Saint Joseph Western Connecticut State University Yale University State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 22 Glossary

ABILITIES – the proficiency, skills, or talent within a particular area. CAREER PATHWAY – a career pathway means a combination of relevant, rigorous and high‐quality education, training, and supportive services that aligns both vertically and horizontally across Secondary Education, Adult Basic Education, Workforce Training and Development, Career and Technical Education, and Postsecondary Education systems, pathways, and programs. CERTIFICATION – third party accrediting or authorizing agency or person who assess, verifies, and provides an official documentation that attests a level of achievement. COMPETENCIES – an individual’s ability to do a job properly through a set of behaviors. INDUSTRY‐ALIGNED CREDENTIAL – credentials whose standards are aligned to industry‐recognized standards. INDUSTRY‐ENDORSED CREDENTIAL – credentials whose standards are aligned to and endorsed by industry. INDUSTRY‐RECOGNIZED CREDENTIAL – an industry‐recognized credential is one that either is developed and offered by, or endorsed by a nationally‐ recognized industry association or organization representing a sizeable portion of the industry sector, or a credential that is sought or accepted by companies within the industry sector for purposes of hiring or recruitment which may include credentials from vendors of certain products. KNOWELDGE – the skills and information acquired through education or experience. MEDIAN HOURLY EARNINGS – hourly earnings for the occupation reported at the 50th percentile. REQUESTED EDUCATION – the highest level of education for workers within the given occupational category. Please note these are not the level of education of new incoming workers but of workers currently employed within these positions. SKILLS – the ability or expertise to do something well. TOTAL JOBS – estimated number of jobs in the given year, taken as average over a period of 12‐months. This value includes both full‐ and part‐time jobs.

State of Connecticut Department of Labor, Office of Workforce Competitiveness, Spring 2020 23