Index

Abadie’s, 152 American West, 64 arpent, 23, 85-86 above-ground cemeteries, 13, 51-52. See also under Americanization, 35, 89, 91, 116 arpent de Paris, 85 specific cemeteries Americans in , 50, 67, 69, 110, 115-22, arpent land-division system, 13, 50, 85-88; Academy of the Sacred Heart, 105, 174 128, 147 endurance of, 98 Acadian, 98, 115 Amite River, 20, 27 arpenteur, 86 Acts of Congress, 56, 67, 89, 98, 110, 130, 142, 165 Amstar, 144, 146 arpents de face, 86 Adais, Los, 23 Amsterdam, 54 Art Deco, 156-57 Adele Street, 91 ancienne population, 115-16 Art for Art’s Sake, 154 Adler’s, 113 Andrew Higgins Place, 154 art galleries, 154, 157 Aedes aegypti, 51 Andrew Jackson statue, 161 artificial fill, 53, 78 African-Americans, 33-35, 52, 97, 103, 113, 115-16, Annunciation Square, 48 artificial levee, 54. See also levees 184-85 Annunciation Street, 95 Arts District, 154 agglomeration, 122 antebellum era, 10, 118, 124, 135, 147 ASRC (American Refining Company), 141-46 , 87 antiques dealers, 156-57 “At the Foot of Canal Street,” 167 Alabama, 23, 116, 126. See also Axis; Dauphin Antoine’s Restaurant, 169 Atchafalaya Basin, 39, 178 Island; Mobile, Alabama Apalachee Bay, Florida, 77 Atchafalaya River, 17, 19 Alabama Great Southern Railroad, 68 approaches to , 159 Atlanta, Georgia, 52 algae blooms, 80 Aquarium of the Americas, 66, 144, 165 Attakapas prairie, 135 Algiers, 37, 53, 62, 86, 88, 108, 137, 177 Arabella Streetcar Barn, 173 Auctioneers’ Exchange, 124 Algiers Courthouse, 177 Arabi, 142, 144, 146 Audubon Boulevard, 97 Allenberg Cotton Company, 131 architecture, 35, 48, 169-78 Audubon Park, 95, 97, 105, 134, 174 almanac, first in Louisiana, 147 Archives Hydrographiques, 30 Audubon Place, 97, 105 Alonzo Street, 95 arcs (river-parallel streets), 99-108 Audubon Zoo, 53, 97, 134 Amelia Street, 91, 93 arepennis, 85 Augusta plantation, 70 American Can Company, 175 arête de poisson, 85 Aurora, 86 American Cotton Shippers Association, 131 Argentina, 85 Austin, Texas, 154, 157, 178 American flatboatsmen, 116 Argoud, Gabriel, 20 Avart, Julia Robert, 94 American Sector, 10, 48, 70. See also Central Arizona, 18 Avart, Louis Robert, 93 Business District; Faubourg St. Mary; Arkansas, 126 Avart, Valentin Robert, 93-94 Faubourg Ste. Marie Armstrong Park, 170 Avart plantation, 93-94 American Sugar Refining Company, 141-46 Army Corps of Engineers, 17, 35, 56, 77-79, 178 Axis, Alabama, 21-22

195 Bayou Fanchon, 38, 160 Bonnet Carré crevasse, 56 Calhoun Street, 95 Bayou Gentilly, 38, 45 Bonnet Carré Freshwater Diversion Structure, 80 California bungalows, 51 Bayou Lafourche, 17-18, 98, 134 Bonnet Carré Spillway, 56, 80, 178 Calle San Carlos, 104 Bayou Manchac, 19, 27-29, 31-33, 35-36. See also Boré, Jean Etienne de, 94, 134 Camellia Grill, 175 Manchac Boré sugar plantation, 95, 134 Camino al Gran Bayou llamado San Juan, Bayou Metairie, 38, 45 Boston, Massachusetts, 54 also Bayou Road Bayou Metairie/Bayou Gentilly distributary system, bottleneck, Industrial Canal, 76-78, 155 Camino Real, 47, 99 158 Boudousquié, Antoine, 147 Camp Street, 124, 147-48, 150 Bayou Road portage, 19-21, 25-26, 31, 40, 42-44, Bouligny, 104. See also Faubourg Bouligny Canada/Canadian, 19-20, 23, 85 46, 66, 74, 160 Bouligny, Louis, 93 Canal Avenue, 98 Bayou Road/Esplanade Ridge, 25-26, 43, 45-46, 48, Bouligny family, 60 Canal Bank, 70 50, 67. See also Bayou Road portage Bourbon rule, 21 Canal Carondelet, 59, 66-73, 89, 110, 160 Bayou St. John, 20-21, 23-24, 26-27, 30, 33-34, 38, , 81, 111, 156-57 Canal Marigny, 73 45, 59, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 86, 160, 175 Boutte, John, 167 Canal Place, 66, 144, 165 Bayou Sauvage, 38, 108, 158 Braud, Denis, 147 Canal Street, 67, 69, 89, 110-22, 124, 164-67 Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge, 79 Brazil, 85, 130 Canal Street, foot of, 113, 164-67 Bayou Sauvage/Gentilly Road, 108 Breton Sound, 77-78, 80 canals, 78 Bayou Teche, 98, 134 brewery, 161 cane, Creole, 133 Bayougoula Indians, 19-20 bric-a-brac shops, 157 Cane River, 23 Beale family, 94 British West Florida, 28 Cantino, Alberto, 18 Beale Street, 157 Broad Avenue, 86 Capitol, U.S., 165 Beauregard statue, 175 Broad Avenue Pump Station, 61 Capuchin convent, 33 Beauvais, M. de, 33 Broadmoor, 104 Caribbean colonies, 133 Bee, 115, 147-48, 152 Broadway, 97, 122 Caribbean influence, 34-35 Behrman, Martin, 38, 53 brokers, 127. See also Cotton District; Sugar Carlos II, 20 Behrman neighborhood, 86 District Carlos III, 104 Bell, W. H., 57 Brokers’ Charm Saloon, 138, 144 Carnival, 35, 94, 103, 105-6, 113, 165. Bell Street, 25, 38, 160 Brown House, 105, 132 Mardi Gras Belle (La Salle’s ship), 20 brown marsh, 79 Carolina Galley, 21, 29 benchmarks, 79 Bruns, Thomas, 165 Carondelet, Francisco Luis Hector, Baron de, 35, Bienville, Jean Baptiste Le Moyne, sieur de, 20-21, Brunspiles, 165 59, 66, 158 23-24, 26-27, 32-34, 36, 66, 73, 86, 88, 133, Building New Orleans: The Engineer’s Role, 13 Carondelet Canal (Old Basin Canal), 59, 66-70, 72- 164 Buisson, Pierre-Benjamin, 93-95, 97 73, 89, 110, 160-61, 163 Bienville statue, 24 bulk-cargo ships, 78 Carondelet Canal and Navigation Company, 67 Bienville Street, 86 Bultman Funeral Home, 174 , 127, 133 Bienville Street wharves, 66 Burbridge, Louisiana, 21 Carondelet Walk, 161 Bilochy, 23 Bureau of Standards, U.S., 85 Carondelet/Gravier intersection, 127-32 Biloxi, 20-21, 23-24, 30-33, 35-36, 67 Burnham, Daniel, 113, 164 Carrollton, 45, 96-97, 103-4, 151, 175 black community, 34, 52, 97, 103, 113, 115-16, Burthe, Dominique François, 95 Carrollton Bend, 97 184-85. See also African-Americans Burtheville, 94-95 Carrollton Courthouse, 96, 175 black family migration, 52 Bywater, 34, 49, 74-76, 108, 170 Carrollton gauge, 53 black retail community, 113 Carrollton Spur, 43, 51, 97 Blanche, Madame, 138 Cabéza de Vaca, Álvar Núñez, 18-19 Carrollton Streetcar Barn, 175 Bloomingdale, 94, 96-97 Cabildo, 161, 169 Carte de la Riviere de Mississipi, Bloomingdale line, 94, 96 Cable, George Washington, 60 Carte Particuliere de la Nouvelle Orleans au Board of Levee Commissioners, 56 cadastral patterns, 88-89, 98 Mississipy, 86 Board of State Engineers, 56 Cadillac, Antoine de La Mothe, 23 casino, 113. See also Harrah’s Casino Board of Swamp Land Commissioners, 56 Caernarvon Freshwater Diversion Structure, 80, 178 Castellanos, Henry C., 119 Board of Trade, 124 Café du Monde, 169 Catholic/Catholicism, 34, 52, 115 Bolding, Gary A., 66 Cairo, Illinois, 16-17 Celtic cross monument, 73 bollards, 54 Cajun, 98, 115 cemeteries, 52. See also above-ground cemeteries; Bond, Louis, 21 Calendrier de Commerce de la Nouvelle-Orléans, and specific cemeteries Bonnaud, 24 147 Census Bureau, 178

196 clay, 16, 38, 137 classer, 127; District, 124-33; engine, 125 (see D-Day Museum, 90, 154, 172 Clay Statue, 113, 121 also cotton gin); Exchange, 124, 128-29, 132- DDD (Downtown Development District), 113 Cleveland, Ohio, 154 33; factors, 127, 130-31; fluctuations in price, De Soto, Hernando, 19 Clinton, Dewitt, 99 128, 131; Futures Act, 130; gin, 125, 127, 134; dead zone, 80 Coalition to Restore Coastal Louisiana, 80 mechanical spinning, 125; Office in New dead-ends, 108. See also intersections, quirky Coast 2050, 178 Orleans, A, 127, 130-31; pickeries, 127, 131; Decatur Street, 24, 26, 47, 62, 136 coastal erosion, 79-80 pressers, 128; presses, 99; production, 125, Decatur- music corridor, 156 coastal restoration projects, 80, 178 127; professionals, distribution of, 130; rollers, Degas, Edgar, 127, 130 coastlines, historic, 16 128; samplers, 128; screwmen, 127; Sea Delachaise, Claude Augustine Eugénie, 93 Coca-Cola, 142 Island, 125; shipping firms, 131; Triangle, 125; Delachaise, Philippe Auguste, 91 Cocodrie Delta, 17 warehouses, 99; weighers, 128 Delachaise plantation, 91, 94 Coffee House Era, sugar industry, 135 Council of Regency, 33 Delachaise Street, 91, 93 Cohen’s City Directory for 1854, 127 Council of State, 88 Delassize property, 91 Colbert, Jean Baptiste, 19 Courier de la Louisiane, 147 Delgado Community College, 157 Coliseum Square, 48, 173 Cours des Nayades, 104 Delord Street, 88 College of Urban and Regional Planning, UNO, 12 Cours Panis, 91 Delord-Sarpy/Duplantier plantation, 48, 50, 70, 88- Colonial , 142 Couturie Forest Arboretum, 53 90, 110 columnist, first newspaper, 147 Creole cane, 134 delta, 17, 54. See also under specific deltas Columns Hotel, 174 Creole community, 67. See also Creoles demographic patterns, 72, 184-85 Commander’s Palace, 173 Creole cultural decline, 120 demolition, 178 Commercial Bulletin, 148 Creole faubourgs, 68. See also Creoles Der Familien Freund, 150 Commercial Place, 150 Creole French, 152 Derbigny-Lebreton family, 97 commission merchants, 127, 135 Creole identity, 116 Description of Louisiana, 20 Common Street, 88, 90 Creole myth, 120 Desire streetcar line, 179 commons, 48, 67. See also Canal Street; Common Creole New Orleans: Race and Americanization, 52 Desoto Street, 38, 160 Street Creole/American conflict, 115-20 deterministic explanations, 13, 35 Company of Louisiana, 23 Creoles, 50, 69, 98, 110, 115-20, 147 Détour à l’Anglois (Détour aux Anglois, Détour de Company of the Indies, 30, 32-34, 66, 88 Creoles, Americans, and Canal Street, 115 l’Anglois, Détour des Anglois), Company of the West, 24, 26-27, 73, 86 Crescent City, term, 45 English Turn/English Turn Bend concessions, land, 23, 86 , 102 Detroit, Michigan, 85, 109 concrete slabs, 79 Cretaceous Period, 16 D. H. Holmes, 113 condominiums, 154 crevasse, 27, 43, 56 , 175 Confederate era, 10. See also Civil War crime rates, 113 directions, 10 Confederate Museum, 154 Crozat, Antoine, 23-24 dispersion, newspaper and publishing industry, 152 Congo Square, 68, 170 Cuba, 18 dissertations on geography, 13 Conrad, Glenn R., 23 Cuban-American Sugar Company, 142 distributaries, 27, 38 Conseil de Ville, 62 Culiacán, Mexico, 18 districts, 11, 82, 84, 122-58 construction materials, 161 cultural factors, 11, 81-179 districts, approximate centers of, 124 container terminals/wharves, 78, 155 Curtis & Davis, 144 ditchers, 70 Contemporary Arts Center, 154 custom house, 79, 111, 123, 165 Dock Board, 35, 74, 78, 155 Conti Street, 124 Customhouse Street, 110, 136, 164 Domino’s Sugar, 144 Continental Shelf, 17 cutbank, 38 Donaldsonville, Louisiana, 17 Convent Street, 74 Dooky Chase’s Restaurant, 176 convention and tourism trade, 16, 113, 131, 144, Dacqueny and Thierry et Co., 147 Douglas Public Service Block Y Warehouse, 141, 155, 165, 178 Daily Crusader, 151 144 Convention Center, Ernest N. Morial, 64 Daily News, 149 downriver/downtown (direction), 10, 109 Convention Center Boulevard, 154 Daily States, 149 Downtown Development District (DDD), 113 cooperage, 136, 138 Dallas, Texas, 130-31 Drainage Advisory Board, 60 Corbin, Carl McArn, 152 data layer, 13 drainage basins, southeastern Louisiana, 39 Cortés, Hernán, 18 Daudet, Alexis, 147 Drainage Commission of New Orleans, 60 Côte des Allemands, La, 33, 115 Dauphin Island, 22, 30-33 drainage system, 11, 52, 59-62, 78, 87 Cottage plantation, 93 Davis, Edwin Adams, 33 drawbridge, 67 cotton,124-33; acreage in Louisiana, 130; Belt, 131; Davis Pond Freshwater Diversion Project, 80 draymen, 128, 136

197 Ernest N. Morial Convention Center, 64 fire of 1788 (Good Friday Fire), 47, 88 Foucher, Pierre, 95 erosion, 79-80, 178 First Municipality, 120, 136 Foucher family, 97 Esplanade Avenue, 62, 133. See also Esplanade fishermen, 158 Foucher tract, 95, 158 Ridge fishery industries, 80 Founders of Old Mobile Society, 21 Esplanade Ridge, 25, 43, 45, 51-52, 160 fishing camps, 158 France, 19-21, 23, 26, 32-34 essential places, 158 flatboats, 126 France Road Container Terminal, 35, 74, 155 Evans, Oliver, 16 Fleitas, Francis B., 137, 142 Franco-Spanish War of 1719, 32 Evening Chronicle, 150 flood of 1927, 56 Franklin/Almonaster Avenue, 108 Exchange Coffee House, 135 flood of May 8, 1995, 61 free people of color, 97, 115-16 exchange movement, 124 flood-borne sediments, 79 free sugar, 142 Exchange Room, 128 flood-insurance zone, 61 freight traffic, Port of New Orleans, 79 Exposition Boulevard, 95 floods/flood threat, 27, 29-30, 32-33, 36 French, arrival of, 19-20 floodwalls, 56, 102 French and Indian War, 88, 125 factors, cotton and sugar, 126-27, 130, 136 Florida, 18, 20, 74, 126. See also under specific French colonial era, 10, 147 Factors’ Row, 129, 132-33 cities French Creole, 148. See also Creoles Fair Grounds Race Track, 43, 45, 51 Florida Avenue Wharf, 74 French culture, 147 False River, 109 Florida parishes, 16, 99 French feet, 85 Falstaff Brewery, 176 Florida Walk, 74 French government, 20 farmsteads, 85 Fontainbleau, 104 , 25, 124, 142, 161-62, 169 “Father of Cotton Statistics,” 128 Fontenette, A. J., 136 French Opera House, 157 Faubourg Avart, 94 Fontenot, Jacques, 95 , 9, 26-27, 31-32, 34, 46-47, 52, 68, Faubourg Bouligny, 93-94, 104 food, 35 110, 162, 169. See also Vieux Carré Faubourg de L’Annunciation, 48, 89 foot of Canal Street, 113, 164-67 French Quarter batture, 66, 133. Faubourg de La Course, 48, 89 foot of , 165 District Faubourg Delachaise, 91 forced heirship, 105, 108 French speakers, 147. See also Creoles Faubourg Delassize, 91 foreign French, 50, 115, 147-48 Frenchmen, Desire, Good Children . . . and Other Faubourg des Religieuses, 89, 92 Formosan termites, 178-79 Streets of New Orleans! 13 Faubourg Duplantier, 48, 89 Forstall, Edmund J., 136 Freret, James, 138 Faubourg Hagan, 110 Fort Burgundy, 110 Freret neighborhood, 94, 176 Faubourg Lafayette, 91 Fort Bute, 28, 36 Friburg, 97 Faubourg Livaudais, 91 Fort de la Boulaye (Boulaix), 21. See also Fort de Friends of the Cabildo, 13 , 10, 34, 45, 48-49, 62, 69, 108, Mississippi frontage arpents, 86, 88 155, 170 Fort de Mississippi, 21, 23 Fruit Exchange, 124 Faubourg Marly, 97 Fort Gaines, 22 functional areas, 122 Faubourg New Marigny, 51 Fort Louis de la Mobile, 21-22 futures trading, 128 Faubourg Plaisance, 91, 104 Fort Louis de Louisiana, 21-22 Faubourg St. John, 45, 160 Fort Macomb, 160 Gallatin, Secretary of the Treasury, 98 Faubourg St. Joseph, 93-94 Fort Maurepas, 20-21, 32 Gallatin Street, 124 Faubourg St. Mary, 10, 62, 69-70, 72, 127, 147-48, Fort Petite Coquilles, 160 Gallier, James, Sr., 22 151, 164. See also Faubourg Ste. Marie Fort Pike, 25, 160 Gallier Hall, 105 Faubourg Ste. Marie, 10, 47, 67, 88-89, 98, 147. See Fort Rosalie, 23, 27, 29. See also Natchez Galveston, Texas, 18 also Faubourg St. Mary Fort St. John. See Spanish Fort Galvez Street Wharf, 74 Faubourg Solet, 48, 89 Fort St. Luis, 20 Gambit Weekly, 152 Faubourg Tremé, 25, 34, 48, 59, 103, 161 Fort San Gabriel de Manchack, 28, 36 gambling, 165. See also Harrah’s Casino faubourgs, 10, 45-50, 89-98, 182-83. See also under Fort San Luis, 110, 164 Garay, Francisco de, 18 specific faubourgs Fort Tombecbe, 23 Garcia site, 158 fauxbourg, 10 Fort Toulouse, 23 Garden District, 54, 82-83, 91-94, 97, 128 Federal Reserve, 130 Fort Wood, 160 Garsaud, Marcel, 57 Felicity Street, 86, 88-89, 92, 102 fortifications, 19, 88, 110-12 gas pipelines, 79 Feuilleton (pen name), 147 forts, locations of historic, 159 Gayarré, Charles, 134 Filter House, 141, 144 Fortune-500 companies, 178 Gayoso, Manuel Luis, 98 filter press, 135 forty-arpent line, 86-87, 91 General Taylor Street, 93-94 Finiels, Nicolas de, 48 Foucher, Louis Frederic, 95 gens de couleur libres, 115-16

198 Greenville, 95-97 Holy Cross Neighborhood Association, 77 Interstate 310, 142, 161 Greenville, Mississippi, 54 Holy Ghost Catholic Church, 176 , 78 Greenville Bend, 97 Holy Name of Jesus Church, 174 , 53, 73 Gretna, 62, 137 Holy Trinity Church, 170 Intracoastal Canal, 73 growth of New Orleans, 50, 91 Honduran community, 69 Intracoastal Waterway, 60, 74, 77, 160 Gulf Intracoastal Waterway, 77-78 hotel construction, 154 invasive species, 80 Gulf of Mexico, 16-19, 26, 66, 77 Hotel Dieu, 157 Ireland/Irish, 34, 52, 67, 70, 117 Hotel Grunewald, 90 Irish Channel, 52, 70, 91, 173 H & C Newman Cotton Factors, 131 Houma, Louisiana, 17 Irish Cultural Society of New Orleans, 73 habitations, 46 house leveling, 79 Irish labor, 70 Haiti, 35, 66. See also Saint-Domingue , Texas, 20, 34, 157-58 iron-lace galleries, 168 Half Moon Bar & Restaurant, 173 Howard, Henry, 66, 138, 144 Irvin, Hilary Somerville, 95 Hall, A. Oakey, 117 Howard Avenue, 10, 88, 90, 152, 161 Italian immigrants, 52, 151 hameau-allongé, 85 Howard Avenue, 3800 address, 152 Italo-Americano, 151 Hampton, Wade, 93 Howard Memorial Library, 154 Hancock County, Mississippi, 17 Hubert, Marc Antoine, 27, 29, 33, 86 Jackson, Andrew, 28, 51 Harahan, 108 Humphreys, Andrew Atkinson, 56 Jackson Avenue, 91, 105 Harbor Station/Canal Street Ferry House, 165 hurricanes, 27, 32, 34, 36, 58-59, 80, 86, 178; Betsy, Jackson Square, 9, 26, 46, 141-42, 161-62 Harmony Street, 91 58-59; Georges, 58; of 1947, 58; protection “Jamestown” of French Louisiana, 22 Harrah’s Casino, 90, 165 levees, 58, 79 Jamison and McIntosh (builders), 148 Harvey Canal, 155 Hurst, Cornelius, 94 Janssen, James S., 13, 45 Havana, Cuba, 16, 23-24, 27, 35 Hurstville, 94, 104 Jax Beer, 142 Havemeyer family, 141 Jax Brewing Company Warehouse, 144 heart of Cotton District, 128 Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne, sieur de, 17, 20-21, 23- jazz, 35, 68, 164 heart of Newspaper Row, 150 24, 43, 133 Jazzland, 51 heart of the city, 161 Iberville, Rue, 111 address, 66, 144 Jefferson, Thomas, 35-36, 62, 110 Hebrew Rest Cemetery, 42 Iberville Housing Development, 50, 113, 115, 124 Jefferson Avenue, 94 Hellenic Cultural Center, 177 Iberville Parish, 109 Jefferson City, 59, 91, 93-94 Hennen (Maritime) Building, 132-33 Iberville prospectus, 20 Jefferson Davis Parkway, 68 Hennepin, Louis, 20 Iberville River, 27 Jefferson Parish, 108, 155; seat of, 97 Henry Clay Avenue, 95, 155 Iberville Street, 110, 113, 136 Jesuits, 86, 88, 97, 133 Henry Howard Warehouse, 66, 144 Ice Age, 17 Jesuits plantation, 88-90, 133 Herald, 148 ice sheet, 17 Jesuits’ Church, 133 herringbone system, 85 Illinois, 24, 29, 32, 85, 109 jogs in streets, 108. See also intersections, quirky Hesse-Wartegg, Ernst von, 117, 119 Illinois Central Passenger Depot, 164 John Phelps & Co., 128 Hester, Henry G., 128 Image of the City, The, 11, 84, 158, 168 Joseph Street, 94 Hibernia Bank Building, 132-33, 171 immigrants, 33-35, 50, 115-16, 120 Josephine Street, 91 Higgins, Andrew Jackson, 74 Importers Bonded Warehouse, 138, 144 Jourdan Road Terminal, 78, 155 highest and lowest points in New Orleans, 52-53, income distributions, 178 Journal of Southern History, The, 184 Indians (indigenous peoples, natives), 19-21, 23-25, journalism, 147 Highway 90, 158, 160 32, 34, 99. See also under specific tribes journalistic presence in the Vieux Carré, 148, 151 Hirsch, Arnold R., 52 indigo, 125, 134 Joy Theater, 157 Historic District Landmarks Commission, 10, 82, 84 Industrial Canal, 58, 73-77, 155, 167 Julia Row, 154, 172 historic districts, 82 Industrial Canal/MR-GO turning basin, 155 Julia Street, 161, 172 historical architecture, 35, 82, 169-78 industrial development, 50 Justices of the Territorial Court, 62 historical eras, 10 industry districts, 122-58 historical geography, 11, 178-79, 181 Ingraham, Joseph Holt, 54, 115, 119 Katz and Bestoff (K&B), 113 Historical Geography of the , 12 Inner Harbor Navigational Canal, 24, 29, 58, 73-77, Kellogg, W. P., 165 History of Louisiana, The, 26, 29 155, 167 Kelman, Ari, 60, 62 Hoe cylinder presses, 148, 151 International Trade Mart, 165 Kendall, G. W., 148 hogsheads, 136, 138 intersections, quirky, 92, 95-96, 105, 108-9 Kendall, John S., 108, 148 Hohenberg Bros. Company, 131 , 9, 50, 73, 87, 103, 142, 160-61 Kenner, 9, 38, 108, 134 Holy Cross, 49, 74-77, 108, 170 Interstate 10/ corridor, 73 King, Edward, 129

199 Law, John, 24, 33-34 Louisiana: A Geographical Portrait, 86 Macarty plantation, 97-98, 104, 108 Le Breton plantation, 91 Louisiana Advertiser, 104, 148 McDonogh School No. 18, 164 Le Clerc, Jean, 147 Louisiana Avenue, 91 McMurtrie, Douglas C., 147 Le Gac, 32 Louisiana Avenue wharves, 78 Madison Avenue, 122 Le Maire, François, 30 Louisiana Bank, 124 , 94, 156-57, 173 Le Moyne brothers, 20. See also Bienville; Iberville Louisiana Children’s Museum, 154 Maginnis Cotton Mill, 172 Le Pavillon Hotel, 171 Louisiana Courier, 148 “Main Street of Black New Orleans,” 103 league (measurement), 19 Louisiana Gazette, 147 Maison Blanche, 113, 171 Leake Avenue, 94 Louisiana Historical Quarterly, 13 Maison de Santé, 157 LeBreton plantation, 94-95 Louisiana Jockey Club, 51 Malabar-variety seeds, 133 , 10, 48, 70, 103-5, 161, 172 Louisiana Maritime Museum, 165 malaria, 60 L’Epinet, Jean Michelle Seigneur de, 24 Louisiana Purchase, 10, 48, 54, 62, 89, 98, 116, Maloney Block X Warehouse, 141, 144 Levee Street, 47, 64, 119 125, 161 Manchac, 9, 20, 27, 36. See also levees, 17, 55-56, 74, 78-79, 134, 178; age of local- Louisiana Rice Depot, 142 Manchac Bend, 28 ism, 54, 56; construction, 54; districts, 56; first, Louisiana Rice Exchange, 142 Manchac Swamp, 28, 46 54; ordinance, 54. See also natural levees Louisiana State Bank, 124 Manhattan, 99, 122, 147 levees-only policy, 56 Louisiana State House, 111 Manhattaner in New Orleans, The, Levy, Benjamin, 148 Louisiana State University, 12-13, 79, 157 Manifest Destiny, 59 Levy, Isaac, 141 Louisiana Sugar and Rice Exchange, 66, 124, 138, manmade levee, 53 Lewis, Peirce F., 12, 16, 24, 58, 155, 157 142 manufacturing, 124 Lexington, Kentucky, 52, 126 Louisiana Sugar and Rice Report, 150 map, Louisiana state highway, 79 Liberty Place Monument, 164-65 Louisiana Sugar Bowl and Farm Journal, 150 Map Plan and Profiles annexed to the Report on a line of Burtheville, 94 Louisiana Sugar Exchange, 66, 124, 138, 142 Canal Destined to Connect the Mississippi with line of Hurstville, 94 Louisiana sugar industry, 134-35, 137, 142 , 73 Linotype machines, 150 Louisiana Sugar Mart, 137 Marble Hall, 152 L’Isles, Guillaume de, 158 Louisiana Sugar Planters’ Association, 138 Mardi Gras, 20, 35, 94, 103, 105-6, 113, 165 lithographers, 150 Louisiana , 135, 141 Mardi Gras Indians, 103 Little Woods, 53 Louisiana Sugar Refining Company, 138 Marigny, 10, 45, 48, 50, 62, 69, 108, 155. Livaudais, Celeste Philippe Marigny, 91 Louisiana Superdome, 48, 73, 103, 157, 171 Faubourg Marigny Livaudais plantation, 48, 89, 91 Louisiana World Exposition, 64, 154, 165 Marigny, Bernard, 48, 119 live oaks, 105 Louisville, 135 Marigny Canal, 59 Liverpool, 125 Louisville & Nashville (L & N) Railroad, 66 Marigny Rectangle, 48 Livingston, Edward, 62, 116 Louisville & Nashville (L & N) Station, 113, 164-66 Marigny Triangle, 48 Livingston, Robert R., 35 Lower Banlieue, 48 Maritime (Hennen) Building, 132-33 local historic districts, 82 lower Bloomingdale line, 94 Marly, Pierre, 97 lock, canal, 66, 73-78, 167 Lower Coast, 52, 86 Marlyville, 97 loess bluffs, 27 Lower Garden District, 48, 62, 88-89, 92, 102, 154, Marquette and Joliet, 19 Loew’s Theater, 157 173 Marquette Hall, 97 Logsdon, Joseph, 52 Lower Louisiana, 98 Marquis de Lafayette, 110-11 London Avenue, 60 lower Ninth Ward, 110 Mascot, 150 Long, Russell, 77 Lowerline Street, 93-94, 97 Masonic Hall, 161, 164 long lots, first in New Orleans, 23 lowest and highest points in New Orleans, 52-53, Masonic Temple, 171 long lots, last rural in New Orleans, 108 184 Maspero and Elkins, 135 long-lot plantations, 23, 85-109 Loyola Avenue, 157 Maspero’s Exchange, 135, 148 longshoremen, 127 Loyola University, 97, 105, 158, 174 Matagorda Bay, Texas, 19-20 loom, 125 LSU Center for GeoInformatics, 79 Maureau, A., 141 L’Opinion, 151 Luling, 80 Mayer, Gus, 113 L’Orleanais, 151 lumber-related businesses, 68, 70, 161 Mazan, Chevalier de, 133 Los Adais, 23 Lumsden, F. A., 148 meander belt, 17 lots, long, 23, 85-109 Lundi Gras, 165-66 Mechanics, Dealers and Lumbermen’s Exchange, Louis XIV, 19-21, 23-24 Lynch, Kevin, 11, 84, 158 124 Louis XV, 24, 86 medical district, 103, 156-57 Louisiana, founding of, 19-20 Macarty, Barthelemy, 70, 97 mega-wharf, 35, 78, 155

200 moat, 66, 110 Naval Air Station, 57 New Orleans Item, 152 Mobile, Alabama, 21-24, 26-27, 30-32, 34, 36, 67, navigation canals, 66, 68. See also canals; and spe- New Orleans Picayune, 150 126 cific canals New-Orleans Price-Current, 126 Mobile Bay, 21, 23 Navy Department, 124 New-Orleans Price-Current and Commercial Mobile Landing, 72, 164 Nayades Street, 104-5 Intelligencer, 148 Mobile River, 18, 21, 23 neighborhoods, 10, 82-83, 182-84. See also under New Orleans Rice Depot, 141 Mobile Street, 103 specific neighborhoods and faubourgs , 50, 69, 113, 178 molasses, 135, 137 neutral ground of Canal Street, 117, 120, 165 New Orleans States, 152 Moniteur de la Louisiane, 147 neutral ground of , 50, 103-4 New Orleans States-Item, 152 Monkey Hill, 53, 78 , 67-73, 89, 97, 103, 160-61, 164 New Orleans Sugar Refinery, 136 Montgomery, Alabama, 131 New Deal agricultural programs, 130 New Orleans Sugar Shed Company, 137-38 Monticello Avenue, 97 New Discovery of a Vast Country in America, A, 20 New Orleans 24-7, 179 Montreal, Québec, 16, 85 New England, 116 , 34, 54, 62, 116, 122, 125, 142, 178 Morgan City, 178 New Exchange, 135 New York Coffee, Sugar, & Cocoa Exchange, 144 Morgan’s Louisiana and Texas Railroad, 161 New France, 19 New York Cotton Exchange, 131 Morganza, 56, 178 New Guinea, 133 Newcomb College, 158 Morin, Antoine, 134 New Lake End, 72 Newhouse, S. I., 152 mosaic disease, 142 New Levee Street, 62, 64, 136 Newman Cotton Factors, H & C, 131 Moscoso, Luis de, 19 New Marigny/St. Roch, 34, 45. See also St. Roch newsboys, 150, 152 Mosher, Anne E., 113 New Mexico, 18, 85 Newsboys’ Home, 150-51, 153 Moss Street, 25, 160 New Orleans: challenges of the future, 178; deci- newspaper(s): dispersion of industry, 152; distribu Mougoulachas, 20 sion to found, 24; decline of, 178; early tion of offices, 150; early, 147; first district, Mouton, William, 165 European exploration, 18-19; founding and sit- 147; first in New Orleans, 147 Moviegoer, The, 51 ing of, 17-18, 24-34; geological formation of, Newspaper Row, 148-153 MR-GO (-Gulf Outlet Canal), 66, 16-17; growth of, 1708-2000, 50; Mobile, and Newspaper Row, decline of, 150-51 74, 77-79, 155 Texas Railroad, 66, 137; origin of name, 24; Newton, Milton B., Jr., 86 mud lumps, 19 statistics, 184; topography of, 37-80; unique NGVD 1929 (National Geodetic Vertical Datum of Muir, Alexander, 141 character of, 34-36 1929), 10 municipalities, 119-20 New Orleans: The Making of an Urban Landscape, Nicholson Publishing Company, 151 municipality era, 10, 119-20 12 Niehaus, Earl F., 52 museum district, 154 New Orleans & Carrollton Rail Road (N.O. & C. R. night clubs, 154, 157 museums. See under specific museums R.), 93, 96-97, 104-5. See also St. Charles Nine Mile Point, 99 music, 35, 68, 164 Avenue Streetcar Line; and specific streetcar Ninth Ward, 74, 167 Musson, Prestidge, & Co., 127 lines nitrogen in Gulf of Mexico, 80 New Orleans and Nashville Rail Road, 94 N.O. & C. R. R. (New Orleans & Carrollton Rail Naiades Street, 104-5 New Orleans Architecture series, 13 Road), 93, 96-97, 104-5. See also Napoleon Avenue, 78, 93-94 New Orleans Bee, 119 Avenue Streetcar Line; and specific streetcar Napoleon Avenue Wharf, 35 New Orleans Business & Industrial District lines Napoleon Bonaparte, 35, 94 (NOBID), 51 NOBID (New Orleans Business and Industrial Narváez, Pánfilo de, 18-19 New Orleans Canal, 70 District), 51 Nashville, 126 New Orleans Canal and Banking Company, 69-70, nodes, 11, 74, 84, 158-68 Nashville Avenue, 78, 94 97, 104 Norman, Benjamin Moore, 115, 117 Nashville terminal, 78 New Orleans Canal and Navigation Company, 67 Norman’s New Orleans and Environs, Natchez, 21, 23-24, 26-27, 29, 31-36, 126 New Orleans Christian Advocate, 150 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD Natchez Alley, 149-50, 153 New Orleans City Planning Commission, 53 1988), 10 Natchez Indians, 24, 29, 34 New Orleans Commodity Exchange, 131 North Front Street, 137 Natchitoches, 23, 27, 30-32, 36, 135 New Orleans Cotton and Commodity Exchange, North Peters Street, 24, 62, 141, 144 National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD 131 North , 25 1929), 10 New Orleans Cotton Exchange, 128-33 , 175 National Register Historic Districts, 10, 51, 82 New Orleans Country Club, 51 nutria, 79 native identity, 115-16, 120 New Orleans Drainage Company, 59 Nyades Street, 104-5 natural levees, 17, 23, 38-48, 50, 52-54, 64, 74, 99, New Orleans Guide, The, 13 105 New Orleans International Speedway, 51 Oak Land Riding Park, 51

201 peat, 79 Pointe Coupée, 109-10, 134 Randolph, P. B., 117 Pénicaut, André, 24 Poitevent, Eliza Jane, 150 Recent Epoch, 17 Pennsylvania, 116 Poland Avenue, 103 Reconstruction, 161, 178 Pensacola, 21, 27, 30-32, 36 polluted street runoff, 178 Red River, 21, 23, 29-30, 59, 135 perche, 85 Polymnia Street, 92 red-light district, 124 Percy, Walker, 51 Ponchatoula, 28 Redon plantation, 70 Perrier, Chief Engineer, 27, 33, 73 Pontalba Buildings, 161 Reeves, Sally Kittredge, 94 Peters, Samuel, 116 Pontchartrain, Jérôme Phélypeaux de Maurepas, refineries, 135, 137 Peters Avenue, 94 Count de, 23 Regent of France, 24, 33 Petites Coquilles, Les, 158 Pontchartrain, Louis Phélypeaux, Count de, 20, 23 Reina, Juan Jordan de, 20 petroleum industry, 157, 178. See also oil and Pontchartrain Basin, 39, 59 religious heritage, 34-35 gas/petroleum jobs Pontchartrain Beach, 58 Rémonville, Antoine Alexandre de, 20, 23 Phelps & Co., John, 128 Pontchartrain Embayment, 17 remote sensing, 10-11 Phélypeaux, Marquis de, 23 Pontchartrain Expressway, 10, 73, 103, 105, 152 Reserve, Louisiana, 54 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 66 Pontchartrain Expressway corridor, 71, 103 restaurants, 144, 169, 173, 175-76. Philip V, 21 Pontchartrain Hotel, 174 and specific restaurants Philip Street, 91 Pontchartrain Railroad, 45, 51, 66, 69-70, 72-73, retail spine of New Orleans, 113 Philippe, duc d’Orléans, 24, 33-34, 86 104, 137, 160 Revolutionary War, 28, 36 Phoenix, Louisiana, 21 pony express, 148 Rex, 165 Picayune, 148-50. See also Times-Picayune population decline, 179, 184 Rhode Island, 125 Picayune Building, 148-54 port activity, 16, 78-79, 155, 184 rice, 124-25, 141 Picayune Place, 148, 152, 154 Port Compress, 131 rice mill, Isaac Levy’s, 141 Picayune Place Historic District, 152 Port of New Orleans, 34-35, 78-79, 102, 155, 184 Richmond, Virginia, 52 pickery, cotton, 127, 131 portage, 20, 43. See also Bayou Road portage Ricker, Samuel, Jr., 94 Pickwick Club, 171 Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 35. See also Haiti; Saint- Rickerville, 94 pied de roi (French feet), 85 Domingue ridge cemeteries, 51. See also under specific ceme Pilié, Joseph, 64 potholes, 79 teries Pilié, Louis H., 59, 103 Poultney, John, 91 Rigolets, 20, 23, 25-26, 158-60 pilings, 79, 165 poverty, 178, 184 Rillieux train, 135 Pine Island Trend, 17 Poydras Canal, 59 Rink, The, 173 Pine Street, 97 Poydras Street, 157 Rio de la Palizada, 20 Pineda, Alonso Álvarez de, 18-19 Pratz, Le Page du, 26, 29, 32 Rio de las Palmas, 18 Pinson, Felix, 165 Presbytère, 161 Río del Espíritu Santo, 18-19 Piseta, Maurice, 165 preservation movement, 142, 161 rip-rap barricades, 80 Pitot, James, 66 Preservation Resource Center of New Orleans, 94 Rising Tide, 56 Place d’Armes, 33, 46, 161 printing operation, first, 147 Ritz-Carlton Hotel, 113 Place du Tivoli, 48, 104 Produce Exchange, 124 River Colbert, 19 Plan de la Ville de la Nouvelle Orleans, 33, 73 prostitution, 124 river heights, 53 Plan du Faubourg St. Jean, 160 public schools, 178 River Ridge, 56 plantations, 85-98, 126. See also arpent land-divi- Public Square, 161 River Road, 99-102 sion system; and specific faubourgs and plan- publishing, 147-54 river route, 158 tations pumping stations, 60. See also drainage system Riverbend, 43 planters, 127, 137 Riverfront Expressway, 142, 161, 165 Planter’s Bank, 124 Quartier de Plaisance, 91 Rivergate Exhibition Hall, 113, 157, 165 Planters Refinery, 141 Québec, Canada, 16, 35, 85, 109 river-parallel streets (arcs), 99-108 Planters Sugar Refining Company, 138 Queen Anne’s War, 21 river-perpendicular streets (spokes), 88-99, 108 Plaquemines Delta, 17 Quinipissas Indians, 19-20, 133 Rivers, Pearl, 150 Plaza de Armas, 46, 161 riverside (direction), 10, 109 Plaza Tower, 72, 164-65, 176 radiating street pattern, 84-109 riverside wharves, 78 Pleasant Street, 91 railroads, 66, 102, 104, 126, 128, 130, 137, 178. Riverview Park, 53 Pleistocene Epoch, 16-17 See also under specific railroads Riverwalk Marketplace, 165 Point Iberville, 36 ramparts, 88. See also under specific forts and forti- Rivière aux Chênes, 21 Pointe a la Hache, Louisiana, 17 fication lines roads following topographic ridges, 46

202 St. Louis Cemetery No. 2, 103 shell road along New Basin Canal, 72 South-West by a Yankee, The, 54, 119 St. Louis Hotel and City Exchange, 118 Ship Island, 20, 24, 33 Southwestern Christian Advocate, St. Louis River, 24 shippers, cotton, 130 Southwestern Presbyterian, 150 St. Louis Street, 119 shipping district, 124, 155. See also port activity Spain/Spanish, 18-21, 23, 28, 30, 32, 34, 66. St. Mary batture, 48, 62-66 shipping routes, 73, 159 also Spanish colonial era St. Mary Street, 89 shoring, 79 Spanish colonial era, 10, 28, 147 St. Mary’s Assumption Church, 173 shotgun houses, 35 Spanish Fort, 25, 30, 57, 69, 72 St. Patrick’s Cathedral, 90, 172 Shushan, Abe, 57 Spanish Plaza, 165 St. Peter Street Cemetery, 52 Shushan Airport, 57 Spanish West Florida, 28, 160 St. Roch, 34, 52, 108, 170. See also New Sicilian immigrants, 151 spoil, 78 Marigny/St. Roch Sigüenza y Góngora, Carlos de, 20 spokes (river-perpendicular streets), 88-99, 108 Saint Roch Campo Santo, 170. See also New Silk-Stocking Ward, 94 Standortsproblem, 11 Marigny/St. Roch; St. Roch silt, 16, 38 Starr, S. Frederick, 89, 91 St. Stephen’s Church, 94, 173 silty loams, 38 State Palace Theater, 157 St. Thomas Housing Development, 91 Sisters of Mercy of St. Alphonsus, 151 State Street, 94, 96 St. Vincent de Paul, 170 site, 18, 20, 29. See also situation, geographical State Supreme Court, 142 Ste. Marie, 10, 47, 67, 88-89, 98, 147 sitios, 98-99 steam engine, 125 Saints, New Orleans, 50, 69, 113, 178 Sitterson, J. Carlyle, 136-37 steamboat, 125-26, 136 Salé-Cypremort Delta, 17 situation, geographical, 11, 15-18, 20, 29, 34-36, 54, steamships, 127, 138 salinity in marshlands (saltwater intrusion), 9, 78-80 84 Stock Exchange, 124 Samuel Square, 94 Sixth Street (Austin), 157 Stoddard, Major Amos, 43, 67 Sanborn Fire Insurance Maps, 68, 103, 129, 137 Sketches, Historical and Descriptive, of Louisiana, storm surges, 57, 80 sand, 16, 38 43 Story, Sidney, 124 sandbars, 17, 27, 158 skyscraper district, 157 Storyville, 50, 68, 124, 156-57, 164 Sauder, Robert A., 12 skyscraper hotels, 113 Storyville, Uptown District, 124 Sauer, Carl O., 11 skyscrapers, 79, 113, 157, 178 street names, 66 Saul, Thomas, 126 slave dealers, 127 street names, confusing, 108-9 Saulet (Solet), 48 slave insurrection in Saint-Domingue, 134 street pattern, radiating, 84-109 Saulet apartment complex, 102 slaves/slavery, 34, 66, 68, 70, 91, 126-27, 133-34 street railway strikes, 165 Saulet (Solet) plantation, 70 Slidell, John, 98, 104, 116 streetcar lines, 61, 113, 122, 167, 179 Sauvé, Pierre, 56 Soards’ Business Directory of New Orleans, 150 Streetcar Named Desire, A, 13, 164 Sauvole, 21 Society of St. Vincent de Paul, 151 street-village, 85 scale, 18, 120 socioeconomic facts, 184 string town, 85 scalemen, 128 Socola, Angelo, 142 structures exploding because of subsidence, 79 screw pump, 60 soils, 26-27, 30, 38. See also clay; sediment; subsi- subsidence, 16, 43, 53, 79, 178 Sea Island cotton, 125 dence suburban communities, 147, 152, 158 sea level, 10, 17, 44, 53, 102 Solet (Saulet), 48 sugar, 124, 133; birthplace of Louisiana sugar indus sea level fluctuation, 17 Solet (Saulet) plantation, 70, 89 try, 134; brokers, 136, 138; duties, 142; factors, seafood restaurants, 158 Solís, Joseph, 134 138; granulated, 133; landing, 133, 136-37; seawall, 57 Soraparu Street, 91 levee, 136; merchants, 124; mills, 133, 135, seaway movement, 77 South Broad Avenue, 108 137; plantations, 135; processing, 137; profes Second Municipality, 120 South , 96-97, 105 sionals, distribution of, 141. Security Homestead Association, 131 South Rampart Street, 70 District sediment, 16-17. See also clay; soils South Saratoga Street, 94 Sugar District, 66, 133-46, 161; decline of, 142-43; sedimentary rock, 16 Southeastern Louisiana Urban Flood Control vestiges of, 145-46 seed-oil factories, 127 Program, 61 Sugar Islands, 134 semi-jugerum, 85 Southern Pacific Company, 141 Sugar Park, 138, 142 Semi-Weekly Creole, 119 Southern Pacific Railroad Sugar and Molasses Sugar Planters Convention, 137 settling, 79. See also subsidence Warehouse, 144 Sugar Trust, 141-42 Seventeenth Street, 60 Southern Railroad, 68 sugar-beet production, 142 sewerage, 59 Southern Railway Terminal, 113 sugarcane plantations, 133 Sewerage and Water Board, 60-62, 178 Southern Vinegar Company, 164 sugarhouses, 137 sheds on sugar landing, 137 Southern Yacht Club, 72-73 Superdome, 48, 73, 103, 157, 171

203 Lake Pontchartrain shore, 30; Natchez, 29, 31; typographic geography, 147 Vespucius, Americus, 18 neighborhoods, 40, 83, 182-84; New Orleans, typographic history, 147 Veteran’s Administration, 157 11, 37-80, 182-84; southeastern Louisiana, 39 viaduct, pedestrian, 165 topography/prosperity relationship, 52 underpasses, 79 Vicksburg, Mississippi, 52 Toulouse Street, 136 Underwood-Simmons Bill, 142 Victoria, Texas, 20 tourism and convention trade, 16, 113, 131, 144, Union Passenger Terminal, 164 Vidalia, Louisiana, 19 155, 165, 178 Union troops, 137 Vietnamese communities, 34, 158 Touro, Judah, 111, 116 Universal Drilling Company, 131 Vieux Carré, 9, 66, 147, 161. See also Touro Boulevard, 111 University District, 104, 158 Quarter Touro neighborhood, 91, 94 University Hospital, 157 Vieux Carré Commission, 66, 142 Touro Row, 111 University of New Orleans (UNO), 12-13, 58, 177 village-commons-plow lands, 86 tout ensemble, 66, 81, 105 University of New Orleans Department of village-route, 85 Tower Dupré, 29 Geography, 12 Villars, Claude-Joseph Dubreuil de, 133 township-and-range system, 99 University of South Alabama, 22 Villiers du Terrage, Marc de, 24, 30, 33 traditions, 35 University Place, 157 Violet Canal, 29-30, 73 Trait-D’Union, 151 UNO (University of New Orleans), 12-13, 58, 177 Virginia, 116 Treat, Victor Hugo, 118 UNO Lakefront Arena, 177 Treaty of San Ildefonso, 35 Upper Banlieue, 48, 89 Walden, Daniel Treadwell, 94 Tregle, Joseph G., Jr., 13, 116, 119 Upper , 95 Walgreen’s, 171 Tremé, 50, 52. See also Faubourg Tremé Upperline Street, 93-94, 97 Walk of the Water Nymphs, 104 Tremé, Claude, 48 upriver/uptown (direction), 10, 109 Wall Street, 122 Tremé Market, 68, 161 Uptown National Register Historic District, 82, 94 Walnut Street, 97 Tricou, Pierre Joseph, 94 Ursuline Convent, 89, 169 War of 1812, 125-26 Triton Walk, 161 Ursuline Nuns, 74, 89, 104 War of the Spanish Succession, 21, 23 Tropical Storm Frances, 58 Ursuline Nuns property, 89, 92, 104 Ward 2, 118 Trudeau, Don Carlos Laveau, 47, 88, 98, 104 Ursulines Street, 81 Warehouse, Block X, Y, 141-42, 144 True American, 148 U.S. Bureau of Standards, 85 Warehouse, Henry Howard, 66, 144 Trumpeter, 147 U.S. Capitol, 165 Warehouse District, 52, 64, 99, 154, 172 Tulane Avenue, 103, 157 U.S. Custom House, 79, 111, 123, 165 warehouses, paper, 150 Tulane Avenue medical corridor, 157. See also U.S. Supreme Court, 66, 137 warehousing, 124 medical district Utrecht, 20 Washington Artillery Park, 161 Tulane Stadium, 97 water meters, 61 , 97, 104-5, 157-58, 174 vacuum pan, 135 Webster Street, 94-96 Tullis, Eli, 131 Valdeterre, Drouot de, 27, 33 weighers, 136 tunnel, downtown, 165 Valmont Street, 94 Weis, Julius & Co., 130 Tureck, Joseph R., 138 Vancouver Grizzlies, 178 Wells Street, 137 turning basin: Carondelet Canal, 68-69, 161, 163; vara, 98 Welshans & Woods, 128 Industrial Canal/MR-GO, 75-76, 155, 167-68; Varieties Alley (Place), 128, 132-33 West End, 57, 72, 158, 164 New Basin Canal, 70-73, 164 Vauban, Sebastien le Pietre de, 33 West End Boulevard, 73 Twenty-Seven-Mile Bluff, 21-22 Venetian Isles, 160 wetlands, 78-80 typhoid deaths, 60 Versailles Boulevard, 97 wheat cultivation, 23, 27, 45, 125

204