FAMILY Prochilodontidae Eigenmann, 1909 - flannel-mouthed characins [=Pacini, Prochilodinae] Notes: Name in prevailing recent practice, Article 35.5 Pacini Bleeker, 1859d:XXXII [ref. 371] (stirps) Pacu Prochilodinae Eigenmann, 1909b:253 [ref. 1223] (subfamily) [genus inferred from the stem, Article 11.7.1.1; stem corrected to Prochilodont- by Regan 1911e:21 [ref. 3642], confirmed by Lindberg 1971:84 [ref. 27211] and by Castro & Vari 2004:1 [ref. 28606]; family-group name also used as valid by: McAllister 1968 [ref. 26854], Lindberg 1971 [ref. 27211], Géry 1972b [ref. 1594], Roberts 1973 [ref. 7051], Nelson 1976 [ref. 32838], Géry 1977 [ref.1597], Vari 1983 [ref. 5419], Nelson 1984 [ref. 13596], Sterba 1990, Nelson 1994 [ref. 26204], Eschmeyer 1998 [ref. 23416], Malabarba et al. 1998 [ref. 23777], Reis et al. 2003 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2004 [ref. 28606], Nelson 2006 [ref. 32486], Buckup, Menezes & Ghazzi 2007]

GENUS Posada, 1909 - flannel-mouthed characins [=Ichthyoelephas Posada [A.], 1909:300] Notes: [ref. 5005]. Masc. Ichthyoelephas patalo Posada, 1909. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Ichthyoelephas Posada, 1909 -- (Géry 1977:226 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:4 [ref. 5419], Roberts 1973:213 [ref. 7051], Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:66 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2004:71 [ref. 28606]). Current status: Valid as Ichthyoelephas Posada, 1909. Prochilodontidae.

Species Ichthyoelephas humeralis (Günther, 1860) - Ecuadorian flannel-mouthed characin (author) [=Prochilodus humeralis Günther [A.], 1860:419] Notes: [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1859 (pt 3); ref. 18210] Western Andes of Ecuador. Current status: Valid as Ichthyoelephas humeralis (Günther, 1860). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Guayas, Chimbo and Santiago River basins, Pacific versant rivers, Ecuador. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ichthyoelephas longirostris (Steindachner, 1879) - Colombian flannel-mouthed characin (author) [=Prochilodus longirostris Steindachner [F.], 1879:195, Ichthyoelephas longirostris neglectus Dahl [G.], 1971:108, Ichthyoelephas patalo Posada [A.], 1909:302, 2 text-figs. on 301] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 16 (no. 18); ref. 20479] Río Cauca, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Ichthyoelephas longirostris (Steindachner, 1879). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Cauca River and Magdalena River basins, northern Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. (neglectus) [Los peces del norte de Colombia; ref. 23522] Pools and swamps adjacent to Rio Magdalena, Caribbean Sea watershed, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Ichthyoelephas longirostris (Steindachner, 1879). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (patalo) [Los peces del norte de Colombia; ref. 5005] Río Cauca, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Ichthyoelephas longirostris (Steindachner, 1879). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Prochilodus Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - bocachicos, prochilos, prochilodus [=Prochilodus Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:57, 62, Chilomyzon (subgenus of Prochilodus) Fowler [H. W.], 1906:309, Pacu Cuvier [G.], 1829:309, Pacu Valenciennes [A.], 1847:9] Notes: [ref. 13]. Masc. Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann 1910:424 [ref. 1224]. On Official List (Opinion 772). Kottelat 1988:82 [ref. 13380] states the Prochilodus was proposed as a replacement for Pacu Agassiz; see Appendix A in Eschmeyer 1990 [ref. 20647]. •Valid as Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829 -- (Roberts 1973:213 [ref. 7051], Géry 1977:218 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:4 [ref. 5419], Géry et al. 1987:436 [ref. 6001], Malabarba 1989:125 [ref. 14217], Taphorn 1992:483 [ref. 23654], Britski et al. 1999:72 [ref. 24147], Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:66 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2004:80 [ref. 28606], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. (Chilomyzon) [ref. 1373]. Masc. Prochilodus steindachneri Fowler, 1906. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829 – (Taphorn 1992:483 [ref. 23654], Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:66 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2004:80 [ref. 28606]). Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. (Pacu) [ref. 995]. Masc. Prochilodus argenteus Agassiz, 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Regarded by Kottelat 1988:82 [ref. 13380] as available from Cuvier 1829. However, Pacu Cuvier must be regarded as a name published in the synonymy of Prochilodus, and Pacu Cuvier [not Pacu Agassiz] apparently was not used as an available valid name or senior homonym before 1961 and is therefore unavailable. There were no originally-included species for Pacu Cuvier; earliest subsequent designation apparently Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1910:424. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. (Pacu) [ref. 5010]. Masc. Pacu lineatus Valenciennes, 1847. Type by monotypy. Apparently not intended as a new name, Spix mentioned. Spelled two ways by Valenciennes: Paca in vernacular heading and Pacu with species lineatus (p. 9) and as Paca lineatus on Pl. 8 (names on plates normally latinized) [see Paca Valenciennes, 1836]. Should be considered in analysis of validation of Pacu Agassiz (and Cuvier). •In the synonymy of Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae.

Species Prochilodus argenteus Spix &Agassiz, 1829 - silver prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus argenteus Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:63, Pl. 38, Salmo (Curimata) marggravii Walbaum [J. J.], 1792:80] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. (marggravii) [Petri Artedi sueci genera piscium Part 3; ref. 4572] Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus argenteus Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae.

Species Prochilodus brevis Steindachner, 1875 - Brazilian bocachico [=Prochilodus brevis Steindachner [F.], 1875:536 [38], Pl. 6, Prochilodus cearaensis Steindachner [F.], 1911:329] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 70 (1. Abth.); ref. 18771] Bahia, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus brevis Steindachner, 1875. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Small to medium-sized coastal rivers of northeastern Brazil and tributaries of São Francisco River. Habitat: freshwater. (cearaensis) [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 48 (no. 15); ref. 14815] Rio Ipú, Ceará State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus brevis Steindachner, 1875. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus britskii Castro, 1993 - Britski's prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus britskii Castro [R. M. C.], 1993:58, Fig.] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 106 (no. 1); ref. 21063] Upriver from fall, about 10°36'S, 58°04'W, north of city of Juará, Rio Apiacá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus britskii Castro, 1993. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Apiacá River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus costatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - Sao Francisco prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus costatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:79, Prochilodus affinis Lütken [C. F.] (ex Reinhardt), 1875:128 [2]] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus costatus Valenciennes, 1850. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: São Francisco River basin, Brazil; introduced elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater. (affinis) [Oversigt over det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Forhandlinger og dets Medlemmers Arbeider (Kjøbenhavn)1874 (no. 3); ref. 2856] Rio das Velhas, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus costatus Valenciennes, 1850. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus hartii Steindachner, 1875 - Hart's prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus hartii Steindachner [F.], 1875:533 [35], Pl. 5] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 70 (1. Abth.); ref. 18771] Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus hartii Steindachner, 1875. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Pardo and Jequitinhonha River basins, eastern Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus lacustris Steindachner, 1907 - Piaui prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus lacustris Steindachner [F.], 1907:152 [1]] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 44 (no. 10); ref. 18795] Piaui, Lago de Parnaguá, Lagoa da Missão, Santa Filomena and Rio Mendonho, tributary of Rio Parnaiba, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus lacustris Steindachner, 1907. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Paranaíba and Mearium River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Valenciennes, 1837) - curimbata, streaked prochilos [=Paca lineatus Valenciennes [A.], 1837:no p., Pl. 8 (fig. 3), Salmo novemradiatus Larrañaga [D. A.], 1923:387, Prochilodus platensis Holmberg [E. L.], 1891:186, Prochilodus scrofa Steindachner [F.], 1881:129 [29], Pl. 6 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Voyage dans l'Amérique méridionale; ref. 20720] La Plata River, at Buenos-Aires, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Paraná-Paraguay and Parába di Sul River basins: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Habitat: freshwater. (novemradiatus) [Escritos de Don Dámaso Antonio Larrañaga v. 2; ref. 22561] Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (platensis) [Revista Argentina de Historia Natural (Buenos Aires) v. 1; ref. 2192] Río de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (scrofa) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 43; ref. 14290] Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus lineatus (Valenciennes, 1837). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Steindachner, 1879 - Magdalena prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus asper var. magdalenae Steindachner [F.], 1879:78 [62], Pl. 12 (fig. 1), Prochilodus beani Eigenmann [C. H.], in Eigenmann & Ogle, 1907:5, Fig. 2, Prochilodus eigenmanni Ahl [E.], 1937:136, Prochilodus steindachneri Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922:1153] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 39; ref. 4227] Cienaga, Magdalena River, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Colombia. Habitat: freshwater. (beani) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 33 (no. 1556); ref. 1266] Truando, Colombia. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (eigenmanni) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1937 (nos 1-3); ref. 15264] Cauca near Caceres. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (steindachneri) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Cauca near Caceres. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus magdalenae Steindachner, 1879. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus mariae Eigenmann, 1922 - Meta prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus mariae Eigenmann [C. H.], 1922:231, Pl. 20 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 9 (no. 1); ref. 1243] Río Meta, Barrigón, Colombia. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus mariae Eigenmann, 1922. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Orinoco River and upper Negro River basins: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - black prochilodus [=Prochilodus nigricans Spix [J. B. von] & Agassiz [L.], 1829:64, Pl. 39, Prochilodus beni Pearson [N. E.], 1924:29, Pl. 9 (fig. 2), Prochilodus caudifasciatus Starks [E. C.], 1906:773, Fig. 5, Prochilodus cephalotes Cope [E. D.], 1878:686, Prochilodus labeo Loubens [G.], Lauzanne [L.] & Géry [J.], 1991:231, Fig. 8, Prochilodus ortonianus Cope [E. D.], 1878:685, Curimatus tigris Fowler [H. W.], 1913:518, Fig. 2] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Lago Janauacá, along the Rio Solimões, Amazon basin. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz 1829. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Amazon and Tocantins River basins: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (beni) [Indiana University Studies v. 11 (no. 64); ref. 3396] Cachuela Esperanza, Amazon system, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (caudifasciatus) [Proceedings of the United States National Museum v. 30 (no. 1468); ref. 10101] Río Perené at Perené, east slope of Andes, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (cephalotes) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Nauta, Peruvian Amazon, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (labeo) [Revue d'Hydrobiologie Tropicale v. 24 (no. 3); ref. 21061] Villa Tunari, Río Chaparé, Mamoré basin, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ortonianus) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Nauta, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (tigris) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 65; ref. 1389] Tributary of Rio Madeira near Porto Velho, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus nigricans Spix & Agassiz, 1829. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus reticulatus Valenciennes, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850 - Colombian bocachico, netted prochilodus [=Prochilodus reticulatus Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:92, Prochilodus asper Lütken [C. F.], 1875:226 [37]] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1850. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Lake Maracaibo basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (asper) [Videnskabelige Meddelelser fra den Naturhistoriske Forening i Kjøbenhavn, Aaret 1874 (nos 12-16); ref. 17563] Venezuela [probably Lake Maracaibo system]. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus reticulatus Valenciennes, 1850. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus rubrotaeniatus Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841 - Branco prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus rubrotaeniatus Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:258, Pl. 28, Prochilodus maripicru Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:271, Pl. 35 (fig. 2)] Notes: [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Branco, Rio Negro, and Essequibo River, South America. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus rubrotaeniatus Jardine 1841. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (maripicru) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Maripicru Creek, branch of Ireng River, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus rubrotaeniatus Jardine, 1841. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Prochilodus vimboides Kner, 1859 - Sao Paulo prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus vimboides Kner [R.], 1859:148 [12], Pl. 2 [not 3] (fig. 4), Prochilodus steindachneri Fowler [H. W.], 1906:309, Fig. 11, Salmo corimbata Natterer [J.], in Kner, 1859:146 [10], Prochilodus oligolepis Günther [A.], 1864:295] Notes: [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] Ypanema [Ipanema], São Paulo, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Prochilodus vimboides Kner, 1859. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Coastal rivers of Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (steindachneri) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Rio Parahyba do Sul, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus vimboides Kner, 1859. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (corimbata) [Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe. v. 17; ref. 2631] Ypanema, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus vimboides Kner, 1859. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (oligolepis) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Ipanema, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Prochilodus vimboides Kner, 1859. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Fowler, 1941 - prochilodus [=Semaprochilodus Fowler [H. W.], 1941:171] Notes: [ref. 1437]. Masc. Semaprochilodus squamilentus Fowler, 1941. Type by original designation. •Valid as Semiprochilodus Fowler, 1941 -- (Roberts 1973:213 [ref. 7051], Géry 1977:215 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:5 [ref. 5419], Castro 1988 [ref. 6684], Taphorn 1992:487 [ref. 23654], Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:67 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2004:145 [ref. 28606], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Semaprochilodus Fowler, 1941. Prochilodontidae.

Species Semaprochilodus brama (Valenciennes, Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850) - brama prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus brama Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:82, Semaprochilodus squamilentus Fowler [H. W.], 1941:172, Fig. 83] Notes: [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rio Tocantins, at São João das Duas Barras, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Semaprochilodus brama (Valenciennes, 1850). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Tocantins and Xingu River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (squamilentus) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Parnahyba, Therezina, Piauhy, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Semaprochilodus brama (Valenciennes, 1850). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Jardine, in Schomburgk, 1841) - flagtail prochilodus [=Prochilodus insignis Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:261, Pl. 30, Prochilodus amazonensis Fowler [H. W.], 1906:316, Fig. 15, Prochilodus theraponura Fowler [H. W.], 1906:313, Fig. 14] Notes: [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Branco, Amazon system, South America. Current status: Valid as Semaprochilodus insignis (Jardine, 1841). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Central and western portions of Amazon River basin and tributary rivers: Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (amazonensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Lower Amazon River, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Semaprochilodus insignis (Jardine, 1841). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (theraponura) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 58; ref. 1373] Ambyiacu River, Ecuador [= Rio Ambiyacu, Peru]. Current status: Synonym of Semaprochilodus insignis (Jardine, 1841). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Semaprochilodus kneri (Pellegrin, 1909) - Kner's prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus kneri Pellegrin [J.], 1909:155] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 15; ref. 21553] Orinoco River, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Semaprochilodus kneri (Pellegrin, 1909). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin, Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Semaprochilodus laticeps (Steindachner, 1879) - Bolivar prochilodus (author) [=Prochilodus laticeps Steindachner [F.], 1879:150] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 16 (no. 15); ref. 20478] Bolivar, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Semaprochilodus laticeps (Steindachner, 1879). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Orinoco River basin: Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Semaprochilodus taeniurus (Valenciennes, in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821) - silver prochilodus [=Curimatus taeniurus Valenciennes [A.], in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:166] Notes: [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Upper Rio Negro system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Semaprochilodus taeniurus (Valenciennes, 1821). Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Central portions of Amazon River basin and tributaries, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Semaprochilodus varii Castro, 1988 - Vari's prochilodus (author) [=Semaprochilodus varii Castro [R. M. C.], 1988:504, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 101 (no. 3); ref. 6684] Marowijne River, Marowijne District, about 25 kilometers south of Albina, Suriname. Current status: Valid as Semaprochilodus varii Castro, 1988. Prochilodontidae. Distribution: Marowijne (= Maroni) River basin: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater ****************************************************************************** Unavailable names, uncertain taxa

(genera)

Paca Valenciennes [A.] 1837:Pl. 8 (fig. 3) [ref. 20720]. Masc. Paca lineatus Valenciennes 1837. Type by monotypy. See account of Pacu Valenciennes 1847. This name is an available one but not used in current literature. Prochilodontidae.

Pacu Agassiz [L.] in Spix & Agassiz 1829:63 [ref. 13]. Masc. Paca argenteus Agassiz 1829. Appeared first as a name published in synonymy of Prochilodus Agassiz 1829; apparently made available by Müller & Troschel 1844:84 (see Kottelat 1988:82 [ref. 13380]) back to Agassiz 1829. See account of Pacu Cuvier 1829. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Pacu Cuvier 1829 if one follows Kottelat's interpretation. If Pacu Cuvier 1829 was not made available before 1961, then Pacu Agassiz is available. Paca and Pacus are misspellings. •Synonym of Prochilodus Agassiz 1829 -- (Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:66 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2003:80 [ref. 28606]). Current status: Uncertain as Prochilodus Agassiz 1829. Prochilodontidae.

(species) argenteus, Prochilodus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:71 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rio São Francisco, Brazil. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. binotatus, Prochilodus Jardine [W.] in Schomburgk 1841:260, Pl. 29 [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] Rio Branco, South America. No types known. •Status uncertain, apparently a composite -- (Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2003:156 [ref. 28606]). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. dobulinus, Prochilodus Valenciennes [A.] in Cuvier & Valenciennes 1850:81 [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] Rio Araguaia, Brazil. No types known. •Status uncertain -- (Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:68 [ref. 27061], Castro & Vari 2003:152 [ref. 28606]). Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. magdalenensis, Prochilodus Posada [A.] 1909:300 [Los peces del norte de Colombia; ref. 5005] Río Magdalena, Colombia. Apparently an unjustified emendation of Prochilodus asper magdalenae Steindachner 1879; not treated by Castro & Vari in Reis et al. 2003:67 [ref. 27061]. Prochilodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.