VARIATIONS IN THE QUALITY OF COAL IN SON-MAHANADI GONDWANA BASIN
THESIS SUBMITTED In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
MASTER OF PHILOSOPHY IN GEOLOGY
By Naushad Ahmad Ansari M. Sc. (Alig)
DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH November X983 rvtA^ AZAp_
J / ^^sca
J'ed In Compatei
DS568
^«^~--C00i mom mvd mo sisntsscn&s Mmmm m UMXS It i« oaitUl«d that tli^ ronaairQb liidi pj?«0«it«)d la ttiia <31«$«ft««t4oii Has l»oae e«rvi.»^ out uaSbmp «ar aiiiKirflsioa e^ tiba i>i^«ftMii^ oS aaolo^i iOits^zti MaiUa oaivars&tjrt AUgoitb ^Sm mmm^iti imtk pmmatm li«ra haa ziot t^an pttfrtlaiia^ tD^TAmm in pmt or IA f^U
I x^iOQiaB«Qd t&a^ UTm umsB&iki ammi iUiSari t»a edUovad to ai^XBlt tHe dlaaa2%ati<»i £»r IHa awsrd of t&@ Aa^rm of I expres'j my deep sense of gratitude to ijr.ii.h, Ciisshyap tor suggesting the problem ana his valuable guidance» generous asaiotctnce, unfailing inspiration una warm sysq^athy through out the progress of the work. I am grateful to Prof. o.H. Husul, cnuirman of the i)epartiBent of Geology. I um highly th^jikful to Prof. V./v.;>rivastuva for the many sesjbions of rewarding discussions I h^d i«ith him during aifferent stages of tte work. 1 h.-ve ba&a helpea by the expert knowledge of my senior colloi^ues Dr. Z. • iion und Dr. R.C. Tiwi^i. Thanks are due to Messers ii.iiSlum, .^brar Ataaadg .4ay Kumary a.K» Raghuwanshi, i^.^.at^t^ and Parmod Kt^nar with yibxm I have oiscussed a variety of topics £rom time to tiias. Fincoaeial assistance provided by the iJepartm@nt of Sciwic^ <.ina Technology is highly acknowledged.
X am particularly indebted to £r. H.Murad whose guardianship
^ parents deserve special meoation for their constant inspiration to go ahead wimn vig^Hir to accon^lish work. Last tMxt not least I would like to recora my extreme inaebteuness to my brother Taslecmi Ansari^Joveu Aos^jrit ohuhzad ^naa^l ..jrui Shad..h . naar»i. L4.-t of Figur@s U) List j£ XvOjles (iv)
Li3t of 'j^enulces (V) 1 Ihivpomi of ttwy 1 JGOpe of study 1 Ohoioe ima Limits of th@ area 2 Wovious woi* 2
Cha|}t«I^»I 4 Tuloiier Form tii^n 4 ii^oiiarliari Foi^Biutiun 5 B^TokiiT Fona-tioa 6 piw ijcriw^b CO L ii i-u 9 f.ldi&r coalfifeiid 9 Korba QoaXfield 11 Chirisiri Co ChupterwH Fi.oXI.^i ;Xi. COfi..i'IfUeii,> OF 23 Susie d^ta 23 3e.j» ai^t«r»XXX 35 f^&IKir^ Variation 33 -spatial Viiri tlon 34 Cfeaptas-IY 42 (i) iiftor p£ige I'igur® - t Location Map of the Area Figure « 2 Leoloi^icul l^ap of TiaKdier ooaXfle^Ld showing blocks/are as from wtmT9 anaLysas vera considered 5 1 iGure •• 3 GeolOi^iceJ. Mi^ of Eorba coalfield ^ riguro * h Cdoloi^iisal Map of Chiriffiiri eoalfield 5 Figure • 5 taological Map of sohagpur eoalfield 5 Figure • 6 Columar ciiagritms of cotil ssass for Talchar. Koi^at Chiri&ilri and ;^hagpur coalfields vith depthi vhere'ver possible • 23 Figui'0 - 7 A triuigular plot showing racalcala?-ed per cent values of the three proximate constituents in four <^al seaass of Talt^er coalfield* 25 Plguro -6 (A) Variation lines showing inter- relationship betwean the three proxiieate constituents of coal seess with depth in Talol^x ooalfieldf and (B) Iriangiilar plots for each of the fbur seams of Talebur coalfield shoving temporal variation in proxlnsto constituents fjxm bottom to top secss* 2!$ Figure • 9 >i trlangulai' plot showinij rcctalculated per C€H»t valsjes of the three proximate constituents ta, six coal semis of Korba coalfield* 26 Figure-10 (i*) Variation lines slioving intar* rels^ion^ip betvesn the ths^e proximate oonstittisnta of coal seams with depth in Koz^a coalfield I and (B) Triangular plots for each of tha six coal seams of Koxtia coalfield shoving t jmporal variation in proxima: e constituents frc^i bottom to bop seam* 26 iritjure-11 «. trlangolar plot slK>wing recetlculatad values of tho threj proximate constituents of seven coal seams of Chirimiri coalfield* <6 (ii) peg@ Figare « 12 (.0 Variation lln@s shoving Inter- relationship between the thrd@ pro^cimato constituents of eoal sdans with Saptb In ChlrliBirl coaXfi0ld| and (B) triangular plots for each of th^ s@ir@n eoal se^DS of Chlrlfidrl coalfield sboving temporal variation In prozisiate constl* tuents froB bottos to top see»* 28 Figure • 13 ii triasgulai' plot showing reoaXoulated per cent Tslues of tba three proximate constituents in four ooal seai&s of iohagp T.ble-1 Longer Uondwaoa oulKiivlsions ana dominant litiiologio types. Liat of coal seasus anu number of ch^ULcoI analyses used from ulff©rent coalfield of Sotko^lahuiiadi b^csln* 24 Tabl^3 Avez^ige pQTcmi* of proxioate constituents for coal »&&ma of Tolcfaer coalfield. 26 Ta»te-4 Average percent of proximate oonstltuents for coal seoas of Korba coalfield. 27 Ta|ifee»5 iVBTii^Q percent of proximate ctmstituoata for oc^ seams of CMriisiri ooalfi#ld« 29 Table«6 iiverage perwent of prc^ioate constituents for coul seams of Jh<:)gr^]^vtnd»Bi4uri area of .>ohagpur coalfield* 30 fable-7 .^vera^je percent of proximate conatituents for ooal seama of Kjutkona-'SkXdMkarpeupeL area of oOhagpur coalfield. 31 (1^) lii^i'i.ikr.Mi^lrailfaAgii ag@ .poen^ix^l ccc^lcolatod pap oont vala^s of fixed o<^ tx»xi| volutll© aatter tma ush ^r tim f^or Goal sdQBs of talclier Q04ilfS^I&, loc«4JLty ai3d Xm^ msm^xuiXei&m'm of Uie saamif \ii^T9V9T posBiblSf and tho 80 ore., of b&aSjC duta* ^^ 'kimiXm2 H0Cu.i^alat9d i>d. e«iit vula@£^ of flx@d **t- eorbcmy voX&tlX@ iBa:fet9r and ai^ for tha six coal mmm of Korba ooal.fial4« XoCwXiti end Xoei4. »oflia&oX£itare of tho 42CigiS3i '^^rovc^r posaiblaf ana tha soa: c© of basic (latii« t^ .i,^{'.dn«iix«»3 itacjacolstoa per e^nt vulaas of fixad Oiirtioiit noX^^tlXe s^or &i»l ai^ Hor tli@ s€iv-a i50**X sodBE of CbirdiBlri eocJ.fieXclf Xoc<.4.1ta r«^ Xooi«I aoii^a^aiU'^ of tkm of bgaic aat£;« 51 .4> ^endixwtf- .-.£)ec.xcal.£it3d psr o^«t v&Xuas of fi£od oaitony voXatiXo sattor and i£^ for fD«ir ooaX si@iias of ^li^rU^egi&*BiiwX ai^as a»di fi'vo oo&X soiSiS of ^utlt€»iia*i5!3iijik4irpM'a iir@4^ of aoliagpur ooaXfisXdt loeuXity imd LDOUX nos^iiiuilatuuu of ttM 8#aB| ^evmer p&mlbX^f mm the aoaroc of basic da&a* 55 .»ppaadix«5 voXti^tlXe Matt or md mh) of oo@X ia a^iSii soXoct^^ co^fi@ld of ^n*l>i&haiiudi i4)p®aillx»6 ^^vanai^ai p«r c>:)iit TiiXiies of tim throe pro:;£jia£ita const it y^mts for oaeii 00p£ii%>-i# oo^fidXcl tpom ToXcU^T thioagti Korba aid Dtiirasdri to 2oli©^pai- oo^^lfieXds* 59 th9 3oi»4iiiitfiaai Gondvaau httain l»alt of pemosolar India dxhlMts fiigaifio^t diffjrjztcoa la t,h& str^igrac^y Xlti)oloi;is asu>ei«&loa siKi gaoB@try of ooaX soaisy Sxom tiaom of tha Koai* Daiaodar basin holt of oast m laila (pasc»>a, l^^l loblriaont 1969f Cas^jyapt "^Wt I96lf Mltra at aL», t979)* ^^i^^aif the asoool^od ooaX saams of thu tuo basin b^JLts also cliffar la thair oiXijalauI QUiuruct r a£Ui rankg altl30.<;h a ^ireut Tha 3ws*£|y ho»a - j;x>:tja is a jllot pro;|jct to an^-Oyso l-at qoallty of ooaX la \^Q &>xh»tMiiiM&U. basin balt« Iiiis basin aos b3-^n saXuetad for thi raason that in 8plt& of ita oontainini, tiuga TQ&QrvQS of wox'kabl.Q ooaly few stJdias nmQ HB n oarriao oat so far to avulaate tii- foal piOpdrtiaa ooi iwiii of oo£d in tno v..*rioa8 ooalliolds of tola aroa (BO0.,» W?$ Basui 1961)* huocait sadlaosi* toXogioJL stii^lias nairj r va narxov tow^^da aonUsMna .t iou &ro@kcl tovar til® sttidgr «lA8 at aiffa ontlatliig macI^HBioai eli^-raotars of QO«il ill vartic.^ %j M aoo anu u«^ith of boslail.. Onl^ %forleabia oouL so^ms hava b&ja s^lootaa tr^s differ4!it ooaIfi«sMs for t^ioli tHj proxittiitd QbciBiOaL data az^ ^aiX^^id* Tim eo&L a@«u f3?0B faloDarf K07t>«i Caii*ieiirl ana ^Hog^^ 0044fiala8 wara st^juotad to iJfVdstigatlozu Tim daaio data ooiiprlsiiig ^roacittata constltuonts of ooal for vajriooa Btsaaa ar. oi^tainod fxoB tHa raXivaat paUa.io..tiori of tHa central FooX itaaau.oii matitutOi ilianliM (vols* 5 ^-^nd 6t19?»« itia laauita of oialjraas liav.. oa^ii oociputad statistio;44^ for ma^ wluitlXa aattar a»d fUtea oaryDa» ami plotter ^rsx^iOleuXly v±x,h uia hoJLp of trlaiigalar plotSf v^riatioQ ilnas end alsto^rmnB* muxmm mm A graat d&al of vork has l>0.m dona on tiia p&txolxmy of Iiidiiii ooala doling tlia past ttun^j ^omaa (..uiatrioJi seid ^arsiiaili 1^3^i Giojiit 195!»% 199^1 1960| Gm^a ma pant, 1963| faxo^t 1963i Fant, 19^1 Haarala, t965| au ^t«.ieii ^t ai«, 1^6^). / / V/ ^ ..v^ ^^^ A / I \ 5 .t --_y ^^ i o -^. J .^-r I / 6. I ^. * <> M i I' , )<: 13) Llis^fefiaoi the 44SSOC1 tea oov-d beui^lcm 8 n^ oh ,gpur ( ii^,5)« ralci4er Foiaution Ti'ie X .Ich'-r t'orsaiion toam th^ bduvO. liajosi.ratifiru,..iUc univs ox thu Lower Ooaoiruna Q©Quoiice» it ranaoay.y exceeds a few htEiurea !^et@rs in t Iclmass cm outcirop sacdLon^, Ixit, t;hic^@r se^i^ucos hove beeti r@oor(lea in UiQ subaurX.^ces v^a in th.. iVorb<^ ^aiu ,~oh<^gpur couxfiui.^. rht. X^dtier outcrof co^Q0nly ali>ng tho sujrgin of xJtiu co i'h«.> tiHite facies iu ©ury or less mas.^iva, loCvU.iy JKI partially stratifiea «»oiaonuLy« h (5) %yp»9 (^Xteir Mitra ^ al«» 1^9) FQxlod aulMlivisioas Litiiol&gjr Fascist K 4 M FOX»«tiO£l I f iiiei. as wall as ttiSn BarrA smdstoiKi* Grejrt 4arli thiols aha2.0 and eiajr coi^itelntng aldtdvitio ur^Ti^ to imtt ooloiu I riaa to vaf^r ooaraa i;]^tty and pobbijr smdatoiid altOinaoia4, Barakaar vXth earboaaodouA ^alof Qoaljr eSiaiLa and aams* with b«8i0 oongloHer^io X^or* Kaitiax^azl ^iai% e«irl)oiiafi0oa8 ^alo aod ooal. s^aea* FradoiiiiiantXy oHv^grean av&^ BmnAaum^m aUt Bton& Tal m t tt r p^jf • ^ \--1£l j If ^Vo vO *';..>> ^f '^""14^^"' '1^ 4 ,-<"• >^.."^- ?/ f A ;/ ' ?; / . § I I I UJ J \ o \'^ \ • wu ^"V' o '5^ o ' ' :.\ aE '• S " < —' ^\ •a aa ; SC h- 1 O o i « ec r-1 ; H U. (A 8 o 5 a X ,J u CD *•- ••ww»wJiw^i. 'u i I I i ) .r. « r • i; t- I ii . '* ^ ••7 :, ill LiiV o\ !i v^A•.• //// ^/z" k r A ' X o •A ^ %, \ \ N ^ ' V o V <* '''^^. \' o / X w '1 r •4:^^. ^' '\. 'w.- '% l^'%i "" P|[]iin::^pi a\ I (6) ^imoatoAc 13 QooiBe to is^ lus gr 4m2U d£i^ atio\m partix% l.i2»MtiQa» rlpplo ociTka* The shale £aOl@e3 owistitutos m^r UtliofucidB of the TaXeher Fonaatloiu It ineXucLes iweaie ^ihoic^pblucic uh^erit aau sjUty ahaies. 'Ih@ ntuole ohol^e ar@ highly oiiaruct4^1stlo ana m^x&e tj|i ^ oc^isider^^ble porti n oi litHic fiii.* Fosollifezvus marine annOBtmie jsna oXuy Jtaoitts OQ^^^tr at X^^^t at two pl^^oao in the joa v^lXsyt on« at the Uaurla ajti.. t... oxinL-^- at .'.4miiK.riigarh s@£>aratca by a alstK^ioe of iOiouit 17^ is* xMis facioa oont^iina oaHJoa iiwdrtebi^te fo«sil6(.i)kiStiri in . ^hun, 1964} of ..Hikoariim ^? /^rtlnskian) ago iFr^.Kei> @t ai«,197^). The T .Xc^^ter strata h^ve been as ,i^i©a to gl^^ci^ MK. glaoio*jEltivl^ oriaia oo the biisis of gro0iW6 M»U striutioiis to\m<^ tm tha im drXyin^ii hea itKik or sanoatono buv^^pr @^io& oi Gtriatud pol):;^^ cltjtstSt p©i>txL@ i'Usric a»u ooattri-'@{ic@ of urop stcNDe f^Gi«3 In the fl© ;ao:.^ i CoAJ^ap aa > JLi^ai, l^i?^). Aos^i^irhari forsiotlofi The jiaxt!u.jrt>ari foxtoaldaniiUyver Pei%}l«idai; ^^oh sucoe us VJ Porao>»cun)ofilf6rous faldier Fox^mation is thinly oevalopou ( 7Qm%)^ m) kmji. is oa a niia <;toraliiantXy areii.4S«0U3 in Gociposi-ion(sant^toa©-v.80i%; (Uassh„-c^ «« *i»s^'it 1^ )• -^iie r.orhuri&iari ooeiprisea pebbly ooorse to a©aiu« grimiu a<.jn..5v^na with occasional hano^ oi' oongXoo^rute onu thin to thidc laitlcui. .r shale- -m.. cool* The existdrtcd oi the fC^rliarh^-uri f^nswtion in v.rioiis oo liiol Ttm notalil© feature oi this §&rm.itSon is its ra&url^a&Xe ^i&vmla^^mkMi in th>. t^^jainal partCooixeepv^ndi^ to d^^ly pitk^u oi fiuviatiia a aiiaa»tatie«i) f^liowiny tha i-iadoliar gi^oiatld»« ^m f .f&iution is thi^E^t (,20^1 a) in &hu n£»rti]»@8t@r» morgiA (^oDugpur oc»aXfiei4)pCaia»dtiafyt1979) «^ii@ it is ccmai^er bly aCuiKMiatda in the sottthe .st^m murgiB. of tisa t»a8in(..bout b m;« 4'h6 iRterl»e Itys au»oe<..uiii|.; Sarukar Fofta^tioa is cik^uctoriz d by Jie c^velc^aant of i^ oon^ioBi@ratio horiaum at its bus^ u ^ gr<..aation<4. rolu^tian wil^ the ijiiiu^rlyin,^ &grtkjrteari Fore>4it.oa« Its thic^meas is aboat 67^ Q in .^ingrsioii ^n<^ro tnon 300 m in iiorl»a oaa luicnei:' ooaifioids* lliis fox^ tion is oltio u<3iainantly orenaoecmsCovtiuitone 70«64;%) iil[« Harti^arliariy im^ oboonas in ooaxve to tmaUm siyaustone» aan& grey anui® fli9 Barakar pass®* upward tilth i^jrckoaticKiaL oonfeafet \x» to a gieap of roeka ohariiot&rlsdil ^ biom on^ 3ra3i^ii stfidatQaa audi oXaSTf ami dasi^natad as 3ti^r»»Bari^car la xalebor ooalllaiil sad Sfintlil j^ioxvatic»i la Kostia (Ultra dt al*, 1979}* Tola gxo^ of TOidim la tamafi as tlia pall it»£«al^ioii la y9St0ai aoa •^Llagr iMMla aid iiaa boaa dlffaraatiaUid Ijito Bar^rm M3aaas PBO&OCnTE OQAii £»igAii( Tha pxoduotiira ooal aaina of iSiffar^at ooalllalds of 3oo«Hafaanadi 1»aala m^ toa stmrnariaad haraundar* faleli^r ooatfioild Hi@ pxodastiT0 QnsX sasKi of taloiior ooaXfleXu oeQisr 8trati^r«MiiloaUjr ttotM in Kamaztimi and larakar £brai^ion} thuir 99 ^aaace aa aat^Iiahed bjr tlia Gaologioal sunr€^ of India (HaD| c*3*H«i 1963) la ^vm XtolaMt (9) Strata S«aiB ThlokB^gg (a) IV 10 (approx.) Barakar XIX 14 to 19 XI 35 to 50 Top Seotion 1.2 to 12 V. Parting i 1 to 12 Karharbaxl I MiddX Sootion KMain Seam) ? Parting ( 3 to 12 ( Bottoffi Seotic»i Those eoal seasis are being worked by G«c,i,, In various mining areos as diaiaroatea In the geoXo^,lCviX map In Fig. 2« SeOE I (iHulii ..earn) It Is a prcoli^nt ooal seam within the Kajrl^arbarl Formation ana Is pz^sently being worked In the DmiXbera, West Talcher« Balanda and liandlra colXlerles* It usuully oocurs about 90 m to 170 m .^os^u tiie Taldww>» Korharbari contact £%d 40 ra to 75 m below tli Barakar pebble horizon* This seum splits Into two or three sectl In 4)©uXl>«ra colliery it oeours in thrae sdotion, Q£ which the bottom seotioa varying ia tMclcaess from Z^m m to 3*42 o i8 unddr eaiploitatioa ext^oaimLy i fri^^.t^ st «u«t 1;^7;* XJEI tbe Boju^ncia colli^t^ area, jiam X oooura «^ «^ cofis|)03lMe ooaX horiaoa ( 0*61 a to 9*74 a) ia sCHith Bai«^»da uarry but apXits into tliro« seetioii^ both toward 4ip sioe to the nortu unc oimig 8trik« aicio in the H^it • J^UQ overall tMcioiei^s «il90 itiore.aS08 tiipto 18*16 m ( izieXu5i¥@ oi dire bim^^B ) This seam is the ioiiGSt aousi in the B r^ r foi^mation at thia oo^JLfi<^iu uikl oceurs 10 m to 13 a abov9 thw booiuor oozigX^aerate horizon* aiis souci ais^iay» ojscolacmt deveXopm@nt in the J..gaa'iath ooiXiary ^imrs it aw^^ina ^ flki? 3e«ias XIX &. XV ore not oonjiaor@d iKS;>aoaic sin^c thsy are highly interl»aaded o£k<. £liov interior ^uoXity. .^eom XII olaplays un uv^^ruge thiclsncK^^ of .^bout 13 a in Gop^u i'ras^d area whereas .;e4^ XV TiinK:a in trloitaesa troal.l m at the outcrop to 11»5 IS co^*n clip in aubsuif^oe. *he irt bunois in (*t) 1^<: prodbctiv* cool se as of Ikirbu The Q&n&raXiz&d amiiimntm oi co«il seums in -yi© Kori^ ooaifieia ia c« folXous (Ju®Iii et wd., 1^0) s /tr.^tg Ih^^l^^a iff} 13 to 29 ', (tt^'per Jatr^) \ P«trtiii 45 to SB Upper Barakar (Jatr«i4) k3 to 67 I Partixig with { ainor ttean ao to as^ md le >miQMton& 300 (approx.) iiarukiir Member t to 4 39 iapprox.) 1.2 IS to 20(4^prox,) Loii^r 1 to 4 Bar^kar ia to 40 (12) mo Kozi>u coolilQia h-^ v.nous coaJL»be.irlng biuoi^aro.^, x.^joikpur IslooH* Bania« The ita^umar hlook ia aituatea sotae 1 > ksu from ii^orbu colliery ia the © atem purt of thv fi&la« uaiy lower Suruttur Coal ^eamjgres ar@ ei;. usea in tliis oloc^t the su^^uanoe oi' «;nich ia as foliofe® C ;i^l ufic. Hao» Vi7^) t f*II 0,9 to 7.14 Parting 3'j to 71 i^III 0.17 to 1.8y Parting 27 to 42 run 0.6 to i^.10 Farting 19 to 27 —I 0.3 %u 1.^ Q£ theaQpSQiM iv^ll io the wuiBt Lwgox%jnt BQijm of tHe blooii. TMa Svofii i. oorr@Xato4 i»ith G*Ili a&om in Korba and BQnkJU>our£iil£achar eK}liieri©8. It is cl6.^ o^:ot^pt t.M ooourrence o£ ah^y ou^ bunds ut plaocKi. .;oum i^l & H*XI1 both ore ocsisicer^d tmeooooQiie taciso^^js© of cievelopa>^t of a^a)^ bunos >)f curb(ma<^)0U3 shale within tha souse, ^ua fi*IV is ^e thickest [email protected] in the area ofic r^Jihg&a tzxm 0.9 Q to 7.14 la ia thioknoso. (13) 2ho iior{>a colliery orsii li© ^s th^ eaator oi<^ o£ tkie HaBO^o^lv&r emu ia beiat^ voxtteu ttirD4j^ tbu fiumevjg.x iiicXim)&« ^he oo 1 BQ^ms namely J«»XltQ«llI Sc i>»XV utc £oyiia in tiOs .xa^* a irt ^^XI 4 a.lV are too thin una iffi^peraiaten^ to b© of Bk^^iiG^Mim* ^03 i«»IIX iqimuttr laqpioitati n« i.he coai la ganeraliy Gleon but a minor sliaiy ooai b^>rM running in tiiieloM s trom 0*0^ a to 0»17 a occurs* In the virgin area .n^>y of H la&ugor inoi,intjta» 3e a <.«<*ill a Ant Urn <^ vosiiJble thicimeos Q£ %«6J m to 1.96 B* B.^nki- iuMtachiir .;oiiiery Ar@a Jim bait . f iowor Bar^kar oooi lae^iSijr^s stretches ov.^ a contimioua 1 n^th of Z5 ^ from tl»2 wost bi^m oi tia^ aaa^ RlVQT to dim;^rin^<^ village uia even buyonu tan jilaspur- t^t^iK»r. row^ to thw nortlaf^st* In this buitfthu oontUuxAy, of th'. suu^ naemly GfrItOiItG»iIIfG«»iV u^iv^ O-V aim a ououlcitive tliicioi83s ox 12 m iw;^ bet^ pi^veo* us th^B&, i#*x unu oil I 86.430 ar© well devolopea jnu attciin worK^ble thiclmexia over the ma^or part of tkic ureu* ^voi^ G*! I This 8o^^ i0 bust aevelof^u in tht. ana west of tho HxQ^o JLvcr in ahairontw*i» AirJs. dmir ti.ou. Mere it ia uau^Jly 2 a to 4 n thicli ant* ii, ch^x.^Owerizod l^ Uiv aevelo,*»nt of sh.JLu bands «t th^ b.^6. iho se £x gr-duaUy tnias out w^^atw •I'U i^ik att^itiatea to Q thin ban^i ^r ooai beyona th^ Ba ri Jhi.j'i oJ.^, (14) ihe seam olao sHows at^9S3uati«^ ttnt^jrcki w@9t« lii oo^m uip oiraction tlio scota tius v» tenaenoy to tlid^an unu it attoiits a thi^tnees of 2 a to 4 ca in tim rea f nom Purena to ¥Jmmi^±^* ^e^4a 0*1^^1 IMS sa^aat Iso luiuwa as ah&rOewa Qar^.x oo-l aeoaur^fly is fo«Jff«l to he eonsiotcot in tiiicknesa ff^om 1«^ ^ u ;;*0 a 0:iO0pt in osail ur«a between Banki«.>urJs^cn«ar9«^iei€) it is lMm3> ta^M a eeter tbie^ lt@ ai-aeisum thlcHneas in the vicinity of oiagooiGe viilutje is 4 a to ^ si • Tiie 8«usi uaucO-iy olKjv^ a tarKieney to thin aligliviy towarda oip* ^ua 0«»IVt Xhis oo -i^a us a saoii lKtnu« uauuliy lea^ Ui^n u laotor in tliidmeas b«tw en Bhairontai viiXuge iMa tb@ HciflOo :iiin»rtt TtilB 9mm BmrreB only as a mirnef horizon* Seua M-Vs 3^his 804t£i has laeafi foiaiu to aevdlop Ba^inor^^ onu jakiiiiiar villages with d. thiolsotss a«^aaliy l@sj tHon a aetar* Ih« smm is not cievel paa eldi.>wber« in ^^* jkirba coalXic-lo* 4>aai^|Hir Bloai t In M niiipiir ooUiery ax^aat oovO. iiorismis of eoonaaio v.Jlii@ ar@ founa in Ui u^per Barak-x 8ieii^6r« !%& oo^l sov^aa of this yrmi ..iiiliit wioo v^^riobility 4us to Ai^iisnt splitting <-)3^ a>ev0iQ{»i^nt of airt bandst i4. highly iiitfflc^ 4»ie(l in nattare uiw allows a gtioeroX tHiGimtcMi .awards %R^t* It spli s into two sootiuos* itm lower s tion i3 ooiBp J^ativ9iy eloai^r as it h«i8 loss Jlrt iK^nds* It varies in tMoltnoss tram 4*& a LO 9*@ m« t£ie upp«r seotioa is cirtier as Chirtmtri c»aI£Lei Itm proouctivo ooal 86^.ffis in tiio tJhiriairi oo^ajtielu with tlioir ioc^ nusie aro liatoci taoiow (IBIJ«1962)* iifiiiia jphJiiiBigssCjii} 111 (jumun) 0*2 to 2*2 II B (Top (Parting) 6*0 to ^.0 II B (EaperU) 0»2 to 6 II B BottoaiPartint,) 13.0 to 47 II ( iiar.JEohfOt^ri^Ila« Bi^ora aau !io»i etc.) 1*> to 19»S II i* (Parting) 15*0 to 60*0 I {Kotmi/irOiyMdsni) 0*1 to 2«^ (t6) light oolXisrlee devalopea in this oouXiicA^ ..^re i jumun Hill« tmrth ciilrliairi» Koreu^i^est wMzlinixlf TI^C© lock II K ^-^mm imi colliiixy} Thi: iowr oooX &&um2 vis* s<»iuwani/Kot[ai« ^«idml$0h« .jtmrnxil/ikitmi '^^ in tha lamt&m 9®etor of flJCu bloc* ij.» the l0«ie]nBiu Kar^^9H/alioK:toe3a>..>a 3#i*^ i'Ms oo^O. ae^m is ifirio%» 4«s i:^urulioh in western part im &^j&9rtL .jQ^i )l«4}@rts. s@am ia thick iioxtzoa in e^^tsm pui t of this oolXioxy and i5 OiaTe^steriflea ^ its stone pvjrti.ia^ vihich n ve rmi^mrm. the ma^r portion of tba liarizon u»^oni *^mm, iiOMBt Xtie devoiop>t^JNsttt of thie ,..m^m i& r&strice&u to e^str^iX p^'t of tii@ oollioiir* It ^Oiitiita .. thleicn«a.. of 1»i>, ra to 1.j6 m* ^rth ObiriBiri Colliery m the i«>rth Chiriairi 4ire.., thore ury -thi^o c JL horijsctfiw o<^aiv^ent to tho i'^taJ.»caiiDrtSh«XXa uk^^ '"K^^prorti seoiis* Aotiai oe^ h^ at oineu i^fttoliXe t^din^o only in the wc@t@m part of thiu ooliiwry. £h& ahomhella mmm ia ^ct^asiveiy »orkoa urw is xmuar ctepiiiaring stage* ilio »&^M v.jri&a in thioisness £x^am 0*33 to ^63 in north of this iO^am ^.immrU. se^^ is top iDQ3t 9v liorea joiiiaxy(^'X..^CXf iilooi»- I ^ i^) Xn tinB t^orH'^ c»>lXi^ryt four oo^4. hori2M»a oocar^n^Mmi'^ .onuw^uorii/KotmitBi^ray&dj^ilK^ ana iiisi«jn« of %hich O^^M XI o. (18) tim H^oru jthM is !t#orkal»le ana c~€i be om^oJLutaci wXth thu siarokQh Isorison of Kurasia oolJUdry «i»iu dadzighsil.^. of ^JUS^JI iidll coXliciry* The othtir se^^s ax*@ too thla to merit ^^ ^'^ i^Aora >,»«sui s^^llts u&taaHy into two saotlons S.^oru t<^ (il t<^) unu ai^ora bottom{ 21 liottois) with a portifiii af 0«-j iQ to 4*2 a • l%& Bi^or^^ a^oa is tMoic@st in trk,' western portf ySa»r& i. ie ^cC a thick iaciuciiag Uk. b.a^i:ds s^.^m ti n a t®riU«f3o^ to tMn OOMI to«Mur^ H<^ «^£)c u£** i^st i^tiirimlri Coliiary Ah4drc ai^ otiiy tiarae ca£j.4 SOJ^I^J. mbXm orap oat in tiii. colli sy» Xhey ore aaae^ as iiaiii»ilittuie ^jiu 2op a® i«i3. '^^ aajja sati^ id OH^uivois^iit o£ t{i@ K-arakoh ae^sfb liie i^mmv^JL thio^n^s of ttie ackiia la 3*3 ® to 4«0 @ • Xt a froe frosi 4rt bands* me \ll4ul@ i^^m Hm ow^t th@ .n.^in ij&im after a s^indatofie piurting of 2§*Qia '^lii&iioss. It i@ e. ivalent to the r^HP^rti 904itia anu is at»oitt 1«3:» is tMok* rij© fop BO^ ii08 over the .^j|^4^f ^-'O^p u£ka is &^urateu l^ a *jO*Q m t.dc& p«irtiDg« It is corr^utc-u witli tlie Dussan SO^JIB* itio tlki<;^&ii«0s of tii@ 94hM is i4)0tit 1*30 a* i^n» Oiiriaiirl (Bonri HiU) K»iliery o >ix (^^ m& ^^^ ^e;'-a»*y i^ r^^oikilly con:^X«it€a -..ith the i^toii s%^Mf or© vix^Att sejJ3S» i'ho ^QueawllX is Uiu aost iiapoi%^t se xi ^ja r&t>io£ktlly con\.JUit€^u wit2i ..uxolsoh seua* im bottos worKJLug section is gmmrulXy oevoia of ui^ uirt ]»unu« Thia dd.^9 ^t plaoestf occui^ in sections 8^ar..tou t^ a tniok ah^..> b.4i Chirimiri Colliery Five Qoal Be-^ma d..olu£liat:, tHo split st ctions of ttm KarcOiali horison crop out in this oolliery* ^^ sj>aua*y is tentatively oorrelatea %dLiii tn^ riotai aeu^u* 1«:J) a ^JC^IQH of thia se^M is yarlUKi in .jona%^uni coxliury* ae^ja-xy is developed in Chiranu. Hills. oeaB»»XXX ia exteneively uevolqpeu in tiiio oolliary* Xt e lits into t«J0 sections e^cli ti^.viii4; d s^hicioiAsa of ^boat i a • IMs seusi is i.^zi& lijuruai^ ona Jon^wojcti CoUi^riuS The i^iru^iu. OiXvi .onai^jni ooliieries aro loc^.teu in the 3outhp»oentral purt of the coctifieiu* (20) I'hs general QQ^^wsnoe of ooUL ac^os imm in Karoisoh tc^ seoUan 0*9 to 2*4 Fartii\ 0.35 to 1,b iCarakoh r^iooXe saotioa 1*00 to 4*0 Partiat: 1*5 to 1y»5 Karokoh Bottom taction 1«:> .o ?»a Parting 0.8 tc 2J«0 Lower ^iTuisoh 0.15 to i«3 ParJlnii 2i»0 to 40.0 JotkiW^ii 0.45 to 2.i Parting; 110 ttie ;>02kiwaaii SuviO is Uie lo^ror moot v^^^^bie s 43 iB this ax^a* It is c s^w^v hari2»»i ox 1.t> m to ..^ a ttiictuiea^i in the ho^tham pmrt but thioi^ais too tlm oouth au In uiio v>oh i^iHir G.ul£i..h^^ productive coal so no, are GOiiiiimd to »iclaLy sc, .or t@4 aub^b^^inal structures XlKe una others us doliiieutoa in tiic m«ip in ¥i(^,j« There exists four coal ttorlzona in Jh ,gr Jth^^rKi** Bi^uri *ireu. The a© ins ia Jivjgf\iKii^ina sector are mmborea ...f> it^ r.^iHG dOvJk. Aditas ^ilao o<^i£r in the Bi^uri ..^ector but her© they hiiv© been maaherea as cm sti>» 3e-Ji-Ct ^e.^p-P JUM -^e-*©- in ^i wipoei^-ng oruer* At»2S» Scv^a-/. of Jh-^gr^-Kh^jiu iii uw B~.me uQ Se.iia-J of Bi^uri un^ so only t»© .cap* - ^-UK. .>€ua»B in Jhagrakh-aia .©ctor t^r^ of eooncnaic importui^e. 3e«-.a»/i crops out in wjstern p.-x't of Jh.^riAfehJaa, vhasre it splits into tts® sections! botto© Jic tc^p- the bottom section v^jri^ in thickness from 1»0u m to 2^ m an^ top section h.^ thioMz^ao VJpyLiU J^rc»Q O.C) m tu 1*2 m, on tile Oip si coul sc'UBia iiave b@@a i^farred to as aeaia«»w» j©uia«-C, aeai»i«»i», ai^ €^aa»-. froa bott<^ to top* be^ja-*. oocurs 100 la to 114 m ^bove the buse of the BaruJSar Foraa-cion .d*d h^c attoiae- woric Die thicimes.. In the mid^e p^rt Q£ tba block. 'JQUD-C exw@nas over a ia..Jor jrurt o£ the blocti. Its w.xii.^blllty is liaituu to a-jrrow atrip in the aorthw9Stam p-xt^yliisre it ott^ris ^ thiclos^NSs ol 2»1i m to 2«92 a • i»eara-B ia m ^m ov i«s.^ conr^istcnt in thici?ii9u^ in tkm caQtr..l» bouUvirsi puirts of the blooiu ^>Q-4^-19 tho topmost BU ^^ is con J. erua CO b@ t^u .^st im In the ft«ti5on.-«»aiiaaM...arparu urea of tho cooliiuiu, ivo r^tjux ^2* ca Xli@ basic ds&a lrt JQ 0«i» "* krr m K0RB4 COALPIELO BLOO « I ! t i I ? !. (-*9 '<}rt«!!0 !V 1 Kk»»fl"ao -76 ll->V -t06 Ko'mt Low«r4e«ra) mo HI I i I i fl€* 6 s OoloBBar di«g3raBs of ooaX saau for Talctidr. £0n>% Ghlrialri and Sohigpar eoaUTleXas with depth vlsysji^rr^r possilxla* (24) TABLE 2: List of coal seams ana number of chemical analyses used from different coalfielas of Son-Mahanadi basin. Name of coalfield Coal seams Number of examined Chemical -uulyse used. IV 4 Talcher III 9 (South Mahanadi basin) Il(Jagaimath) 8 I( Main Seam) 12 Upper Kusmunda or 10 Korba upper Jutra^j, (North Mahanadi Lower Kusmunda or basin) J at raj 10 Lower Jatraj 4 G^rdewaoIII 6 GhoFdfwa« II 4 Ghordewa* I 7 III ( Duman) 4 Chirimiri II B Top 10 (South Son basin) II B 7 II B Bottom 7 II (Karakoh, Gbrghella, Bijora and No. 3)4(average of 49 unalyses froii) four local seams) II A(No.3A) 10 I( Kotmi/Sonawran i.)1 2 D (A) 5 Sohagpur C (B) 3 ( Jhagrakhand-Bii^uri B (C) 3 area, west-central Son basin) A (Jhagrakhand) 5 V (Kha;}ora) 6 Sohagpur lY (Tengni) 6 (KutSona-BhaskaaT)ara area, Ill(Chamat) 7 east-central Son basin) II( Khand top) 5 I (Kutkona) 5 th& pmxSmmtQ data for thj ttu^a oimpaa-<3nk» (IUe@4 Qixr-ooUf wXotiXa m^tox- uod oaJa) for uH t!ia di.^io^^i anaX^^Jd r^farrad to a^v^ %»i Ilia pzosclaate 4ata lmv@ bd^n aoalysiKl to work o^ tlia batweaa COAL SEAM SEAM STANDARD NOME NCLATURF Voioiti* Mo»i» *^uaa Flf* 7 t A tri«ivul«r plot •bowing r3e<&letil«t*d p«rfi«nt •«!«•• of tbm ti»— pro^!a«t4i eoiuititiisntt in four eo«l ••«»• of Tftlehtf oo«Ifl«l<3« b«t%rd^ tits tlUPM pxoacljuifea o&astltvmAa of ooal sdass vlt^a dtpiUi la f lOftHdr ooaLfloXd, (B) friaofylar ptota f)or e4i6& of t2i« £oiir safloa of Taloiwr ooaXfiold $^yim trnpowtiL rmietmisXoa ia paroxiBKto eoastituoits f ztoi ^ttoa to t r i K\ IN ft » ) i V ::o , •»* I \ |A 1 . ,f ^i 4*. 5 6 .3 ZO <,0 40 b A\ ^ \ 4' - 10 ^ .0 •«f-» 50 0 '.J -is-i iP -%' 0 'A 50 i v/ - '0 \ -*»*• u J ^; V -J- J- V £J ^ &^ n ^ * Viy*. .t" ',<»*« >:3 M^jf Fig. 8 A B (26) QOti^mt iaeraasas froa %6*% to 3*i*^t ^xiogreaaiTQiy fiow taottoB aamt I to top sose 2?« THo ^volatJJiii Bs^tar alao ddoraasas froe bottos 3oa& (3^<^) to top 8d«B (^. 1^), oontrarr to a general notion that '«:»lutild suiittor t^fflds to iaoroasd «id fixad o^iTbon aaQroAsaa in stJBo@8^iT3ly fomg&r ssaais* fMs oois'-tal b^i^iotir of iKjaatilQ aaittdr s^ bd rssuLt ol' di^Tdr oca In pdtzogra^yMe oc^poaitiony eod oolXif Ibf & suEL&dEiJttt ax,4.aaatloii* Xtte ^stjBs^ie Tarlotion in por esiit Taluos of tHe pioxi&ato oonstitu^nts fzoa l»ottoiii to top aaas in tli@ ooalHaM is also atvident fxoa T;jbXd 3, baiow* XABL^ 3t ATorKgd pa^ eont of i>st>xlauita oonstititanta Ibr eoal S0M9 of tQL&h&r ooalfloXil* AToraga per C€Bit iio» of B^m Flzdd Oaz^cm 1bl«tUl« Matter AOl 2? 35.5 30.1 ^.h Ill 36. J* 3t.^ 32*2 II 36.? 32*3 30.7 I MS. 9 3^2 16.9 Korba Coaiflald 7h0 £}a9ie data HOT six a^aos of tHa £ox^ ooaXflaXd ar@ liatod in ^^mudSx 2 and 4,rfe^hl0filljr ;>Iottad on a triasigoXar ooorciinata papor in Fig. 9. TliQ vskrlation linas (Fig* 10a) eiiowing intsrwiv^Xatioosiilp of tJHd tiireo oompon^iitsi Ash KORBA COALFIELD UPPER SARAKA.*^ Coo! 5«Gtp Upp«r Jol'Oj * oo^ Jofi-o; b.:..r...:'.i LOWtR BARAKAR ?f Coci S«a-r prrrrw i.4 1*1*1*3 <'f>!>r<»««»(':' \ pini (tha - / \ \ —i^ A i# h' c;*bt 60 f i «f-a for &Of< Fif • V S^ th© «ir<»« pipoTilBi«t« eoMtltiwntt In slit «o*l ••«• of iCor^ eo«lf 1*1A« 00131 oo0tta mui 0im»%h ia KOZ^A ooaSHioXd* (B) fxlenitilsr {>3«%o l^r oa^ of t^ six ooai S^MM of mi^m ooa3Lflol4 motdng t^iporal variatioa in pzosiaolo ooastititoi^o froe bottoa to top INTER-RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FIXED CARBON , VOL ATILE MATTER AND ASH CONTENTS OF COAL SLAMS IN KQRBA C3AL.F ^ J: 4^ CO*'.. "tC - 5C - -^ 1 1 T 1 ^B 30 4C 50 6r V04ctilt MoHar • • 0% , i 60-| K o SO-J 6^' hi so-i e. c-i T —I 1 r 1 1 3 10 eO 30 40 50 60 Vololll« Molttr 5c5C J ^ Jill' iO 40 "io c Volt,' (• Vt Jl'f! ''I. f ita j/t,„A »o ^0 O 40 t' 60 a- I -1 ,•0-, so g 60-1 bO -« •40 50 J 50 U so 40 4C- .•f •zo 30 10 30-j 0 + I'J <0 J IC 4--i 20 3-0 40 50 0 VolQ'l « Mutter i-o •60 60 • 40 I ( 50 30 U 1 4 .i : ZO \ 30-1 3 j,o : o4—T-l 1 —[-—,—J -io o ^0 ^0 40 50 60 lO 1^0 50 40 50 _1 i ' 1 'O »0 j 60 40 I ^*lm 50 •50 40-j • 20 I / JO \ • 10 , 0 I-„^ , J J_ o t - 2C JO •(^ 60 «0 10 20 JO 40 so 0 VOI0»ii»MoK«f IfV f ..J ta ouo Ti5.10 3 (2?) aJjeUar to timx. r@f«r o n^ vailatloa ia pi^D&im&a ooaatitttaiits of aai^ eoal. fios tettoB to top mm^ Am te talntiLaitad as Ibl^jowat tMUt h% AToraga pmt oast of pioxisata ooaatitotats tor ooal aoMUi of EOf^ ooalfttaid* lfo« of a#«i iifmgm per Cant m^tar 4£ii i Jjppar Ktiaemda J or > aippar J«tit4 39*9 29»1 30.9 Ul^ar Bai^Auur / lAver &tnB»iHda / OJP ^ J'litTaJ 37*1 29*1 33*7 / ijover Jatraj 34»1 2&«5 35*3 ((i • in 56.9 1 0 - u 59*6 26i»2 f^3 (a • 1 55.5 i27.7 14.8 ma «faraga £tia4 oaitioii aot^ant of tha lo«@r Banduyr i^) iaeriOti tMjQkmm of aDoat 3^ % tiid wmrm'^ tix^A inabfm i« 37*7/tVoX^U9 m^tiMr S6»^: ao4 as^ 3J«3^ A pvomaoBad xiiOi:^as0 in nail and d^^er^a^e ia flxod Oiirbtm fjoa aiiox^avafli.1 to iioiidr jDt£tg is tOQ ooospienoos i^ t>a readily im^lt&nmm Tim Botiummo ana %m spt^sif le ij^s^iasa listad aoA rmtstr^ to ai»'9Q a^a to b& v^rltiaa rron thu ooX4l@z7 raooras liafoar© Qiiirliairi OoaXfi^XdL t^m ffuaaltB of ^roxlaata ooastitasiils of ^&9mk soias of ^a (Siixlairi ooolfiaid (^^pdodiaE 3} ^ad th'Ax' tri£u%jlar ptiots (Fig* f1> aa& in^di^relatiotitf^ipa (Fig*tat) indiou&a tha:^ OaXrimXri, ooiils &re ooi&par^tiir^iijr lo« in aati «it^ a sii^t api#«rd iaorc»aso (1^0/^ to 1S«(^)» ilnar is a ifoU. aaskod dior^asa in fixad oiotKia (^6*0 to kbm^pl) ^^ UMarQanQ ia voiatiio B«i^tar (29*t • 3^^A) fxoe ^ttoa to top aaaes* ftio intaxmittimt taammaQ in fijcod c<«^^Dan and voIatJUlo Btttwer in tliu ao Q^IM api>ar u#aBS can ^ abtzlliatsd to split ]»idiid8 iJlA and Ilii) of yn oM^r saandDt «ad, ttiaraDsYuy oali for a raviaw in reap^et of i»mp#r oorraiatlon sod so .o^nea* TI13 ai4>v«j va]^dti(»l In ffroximttte oonstituaafea is fttjoA vit^iin a thioi^nass of ateut 27$ « 33$ s of straattt and is snoim m TMaa 5« i.mmmmi COALFJI A / \ ® - o , . 'Q e «. c > - \ ift.'wi «.0-' \ / -Sii- (ouie 'jijtfe' 5C Flg.U I A triitngtaXar plot ihowii^ r««4letaftt«4 p«p««iit Tjau«t of th« thrao proicia«t« eonstlttisntt of ••v«n eo«l M^« of Chirlairi eo«lfl«ld« Fig* 12t (^ mrlabl&n Haas siiowiBg JUst^f^raXetioiistiip Ii@tv9ea tk» %ivt99 proidJB«t« ooastita^aiits of ooaX Bemm mtli dspth in CHirlBiri ooaUlftId* (3) triaagiiXar n^ts for saen of %im 99wmx coA mtmm of Qmwimlrl ooeOXiald siioidai toaporsL vnrisUoB in pfOJElsifca oMistitiiaiits fzpa txitton to toi^ 9d«ti« INTER-«ELAT»ONSMIP BETWEEN FIXED CARBON , VALATILC MATTER ft ASH CONTENTS OF COAL SEAMS IN CMiRIM.Pi r-A -IT COAL SCAM 501 III -^H f •••« (-«.»«» • |K 40-1 10 (0 -+10- 40 M •Ol »0- I 40- 10' o- 10 20 M 40 SO 60 rf. 901 3i. 40 1 > HA 10 • 1 0 10 20 so 4o 00 eOi ii'ri 60 '§( 40- 30 0 lOK lO to 10 40 SO 10 20 X) 40 0 Wit«it« Mttrt«r '!••« Cs^k^a VOLATtLE MATTER ASH M*dn of FiMii Carbon • Valolila Maiiar Maan a( vaigtila Ma«ar I 4ift T?4«.12. B m» of .isoi ..'Vdragft Far c^mt 4^ 111 (DUBlaEO »^.5 ^Mh 18*0 II B Toy 5i^5 3^2 li J h7.i 27.6 II B BottOK 52*0 31.0 17.0 i^^ra and f«>« 3) 5^*1 2^*6 14.3 53.5 2^«6 5^0 «.'S>»1 THE) lum&d V9i^j oonalcioro.. for t^s sto^ ia tue ^hiiQ94T oo^HaMt a««3JLy Jlmgr^tbaii^^Jarl araa to tltd i#a8& ciiid &utk(m^»Baaadcarpara AT a i^li^ to tiia i^a. U ^*>dQdiz ^ siio«« th^ rooaioolatoa proaOafita SOHAOPUR COALFtELO Jhogrokhond - B(|url Ar«o Coal Saom Oo gg A VOlatllt Mott«r Flii«4 C«rb«n ^if* IS t A tri«ngta«r plot shovlnf rnoUeolated l>«pe«iit yalQ#s of thm Hhn^ft proTiiuit« eonttlttMmt* in fotn* eoal ••mm of SohafTMir eo«lfi«I ^0\ fSO I 60 J SO-i 40 ! I SO- 30 i> i 40- 20 30 10 1—.—L-,—.—.—. TO-J ™1 6f> r-f> f> ' •r 60-j 3o] I |0% 0 10 20 3p *0 50 60 0 10 eo 50 40 90 O i Voiofil* W o UJ X 701 TOT ( i 60< 60-j I ! I 50| 60 j I 40-i i 30-. 30-1 0 10 20 AO 40 aO 60 0 10 20 30 ^0 SO 0 iO% Volotiln vlottsr fiM* Co' •<• 1 7r). 1 ™1 raO i I i 1 60T 60 i ; ! (40 , * 50-1 ! aoj [ t . VOUA-'.LE MftTTen ASM i,» i»i r?;".>.! V(S»©«|« Monof A»ft Tic^'M A B Fig. 1>» s Ci^ Variistioii UB«8 sDoniag intdzwralai&ioasiilp QOtaX soflfts uitH dttpth ill dohagpar ooalfiald («rhii^jriimaiii(l»Bijari Az^a), (B) Triaogular p2ot« Tor 9msh of tiM ^or ooaX. mmm of SoU^por «o«IfieXd (juagrakliaiid* Bijori AT^ living t^xq^rul Tari^ion in pzoJdfiafca ooiietitU€iit« fxoia bottom to top (30) anoooious behaviour of volatile laatter in the t^pcr moat seam is unaooount^Jjla froa th^ given dut^ but neuos to be fu.ther verificu ^m,-^ ojqploinou. .sh content iu low(15.^ to l^i^u^) in the lower aeums fr-i >. * to C but incre -aeo in Uit. app..r a 3w B©UJ3 c^preciabl7 to 2i.l^ • 'i'h«i c -ul sauina of tliio areu li© within the strata ranging in thiCKneaa from i O to 1165 m ant, show the variation in pro>JLiac^.te conatitueni^s 05 aumci^jriaea soact-wise in Tabl& u, bolow* T B^ , 6i .iV..rage percent of proxisiato 0(m3titu4snta for coal aoums of Jh grokhandt^Bi^iol axnaa of ^ohu^ur ooaificiu. i^» oi* ijoaa AV9r>M.Q p^.rvi^nt f'ixed Volatile /iSh 48.7 28*2 t3.1 49.7 30.6 19.6 B 53.2 30.5 1i.1 55.2 29.4 15.4 ftiP 'Uttisona-Bho^karpara area, the triangular plots u£ia V rivstion lines for the 4^tixi ^penoix 4) are QkiOMSx in *1|[.15 aria loa, respectively. The vari..tion linos aeiaon-.ia'.^t.e only u slight oec e^-se in fisceu carbon £roa botu-m seoiu i (55.5^) to Svoa ill ( 52.U3^)» while a rapiu decrease in zne suoceeOino coal se-os ^ ^j*'l^ •41.3^). ^similarly .^n contenc sho\«© a Glight increase in low© seams fro^ 16.^ to 17.2j» but pronounoeu incxB-se in mpijr oe.4as from 21.0 to 32.3>». Ash SOHAOFUM COALFIELD Nu*kono - Bhoakoritaro *r*a Cool S*am EZZ) V • ' j;;c Voi«tH« MatUr Ftii«4 CsrMA Fig. 15 t A triangular plot shoving raealealatftd p«re«nt values of the thraa peoximata constituonta in fITS coal seams of Sohagour eoalfieldCKutkona-HiasIcarpara iirsa}« !NTL»^-HEL ATiCVSrttP BE^WfES FiXEO CAR a A?H CON-'ENTS OP COAL SF.Ar>«S K SOHA^PUR CO^lLrsCLr KOTKO'^A-SWASKARPARA AREA , A, r SO ', •0-1 I 1 i >. JO V »o-j ! %- i- to ^\ [•C I ..__i I \ _4- ^ to «« >0 «0 •<> M »o ,%o *o »o •« TO 1 f5, I /^^. SO J sol r !V ') I. S 0 i— il h ^o"^'^"^ ^ ^ »^"1l!o to""^' io 40 >*»(«*'*• W«e**r "f^ K-^t-** f 0 -I TO-, i »- 1 eo-1 «Q-i ! S I 4* It ^ SO 60 J I w i 60 -! I t SO -J 40 -j /i-A to to o '&• jO KO SO «0 SO »0 o Xfc Jo 4 /-. I •"1 • 0 1 ^^ so -•' ^ HO *pl ! 1 I .0, to to "I f / A. 40 I 0^ "r—r "1 V«4«4 '*««* 10 20 K) «0 SO «0 I I 1 30 »0 io 60 1 I TO-, t i f /' •O 1 <^ i -»/ • 0-1 i / Jf I ! / »0 I i- JO I 0 ^ V«»tfi4 Mat**' "^>^ f»,•4 t 'SrSM^A .C «0 W •« JO •<> to lo »o *o so «j-o ii) ( Fig. 16 vOtATtLfc MATTCR A ASH B I . --i r (.cGt - ow * *» j *t szo!ZiB«&d i3^istltttaiit« #f Qoai mmm vXth ^mg^Ji in Bohagpar QoaIfiQ]4 (B) Tra.Migiiliir pl0ta for 9a^ of tha flYo eoal s«ani of ao^agpor eoa2Jla2.a (Ki[tlKma*Biiaakarpaf» Aze^^ iKioitlQg t^oponO. fariatioa la pzoaEiaiU;^ ecmafeltiiiat^ fxos bottoM to top (31) Xho volatile m^tt&r^v&ver^inax^imcm iirogresaively tram :JQ l^» of Sec^ ,yBf^^ ^romt VoXuit;iIo /tflh Jorbon Matttor V 41,3 26.2 52.3 IV 49.7 30.9 21.0 III 52.5 50.1 17.2 II 51.8 29.5 18.7 I 55»5 28«2 16.3 v0alfi@l ^hm chaaicoi data of oifforont souas in eadi coulfielil wore oMiblnod im/^ frequtjfusy poro^it of titta tJaree proxlmta QompoaenzB c-JLoalato4 se^^urutoiy for Oaob ooulfiala ^ listed in .uppendljt 5. fhe results are usod for oruitt<.:tingt the avm'^^Q oc^position of V^ OQok for O^J^ GoaLfiftX4 in tm^rnB of fiicoa carbon»vol<^tiio cicitt^a* anu aah | spatial v ChlrJjalrl to ^Ji-^^pwur ooa3Liiel4s in the mtrUmMtmm part of thigbasia* mm for gvaltJMtinc tba classifioutioii ot Lower UoodiTdiia ooola in ttis ooaoHbthmudl buain m a «fliole usiiig voXatiXe laattc^* rh@ porooat tPQ^omascy uidtribiftidiis of th@ tfaaree oimstltu^sts is plotted oa iiiatoigruisa 86{iarat^.4y jEor raiclier (Figs. 171^), itoi^ (Fi«s,t8*»C),Cliinmiri (Fig«19 »^) m^fOkigpwr (Figs* ao#^«»C to 21^»*C) oo@mei(^. I *Ot< G U S" * o rr % |:--^ O % c o 43 f fS J lO (0 K1 Be: • H -H m tJ Oo a cr»4 ou V.M r £» I, ^: a: o o Ui o [.: X u »«« J a +1 C tf » k o rz"/7 Y o VZZL^^ ^ ^i -i li - • -"T T f ^ - ^- --- •~ "\ —'—»•- . ^ r ~ . —^ O O O O o o o o fi o o « r%» r '^'•i! ' ] Xi FPS.0 S* ?«A i* •«... !V^*„ -- 41 I ?•?« •,sr6>' t - 4, •55 t •.y. .- s, ^_ * ' * a A 1 C (If.stribiitioB of th« ttiTM eo»itittwnt« (fl«*d e«rl»ii.voXatiltt amtt^r «nd ««h). In lUarlta eo«afi«ld* -.i9 tl.i '~. C L O f r"! 4 - I i '"! • 7 3 ! ! I • I '» .1 f S=29 9C 1 •' • . I !Cm» (C.I. —1" 50 *0 PO «0 70 80 30 40 60 o to so so ^i^ Clots Intervoi Fig .Id (A>C) I HlatOfr«B« •howinf pcreftnt frsatMnejr dlstrl^otloa of th« thPM eoaatlttMnt* (fix»d e«rtoii«vol«tiI« aattiir and «sh) In Chlrlffliri eoaS^i^ld* lOcH SOHAr,PUR COALFJELO to ^ •i h o g r (1 k h (Ml (I - 8 11 u f I A' • n 90~i roA ^ 6o4 Fu b' ,, Volofile Motfer Ash n= 20 n= 20 K« 29 5 x« 21 s«± 9 9 •* ± 5 8 ^ \- 4i,- 30 40 50 60 70 10 ?0 30 40 10 20 30 40 CI o «i s Inter vo) B 4- e^ ««^oon»vol«til« B«tt«p mnA ash) too^ SOHAGPUR COALFIELD KutKonO — Bha»knrpora Ar«o • G-^ • 0- Vototiif Mott«r 10 A«h Flx«d Corbon c "^ I 90. 40H n- 31 n. 31 s • 3t i-49 €4 i * 27 6 ^ • 20 i( 50- »-t 6 2 • •±44 t »± 7 1 20- 10- \ !C<»>»5C * }0 40 60 *0 20 SO 40 ftO 10 ao »0 40 90 Ciatt||lnt«rvei k Fig. 81 (A-C) • Ri>tocPaii« ihowlfip i>«r-«nt ^^#w»ne3r dittrlTBation of #»« thriKi eoniititTMi->ts (fliw»d eart»n,"fol*tll« i«tt«r and a«H) Ar««). cdiaptor III and ^otiwifi ddflli QCia^£ial4s* f^ dUfajriiio«« Ut cdiiailoal c^iarodtar of «o«l ill tHi Dour omma of f^y^i^s' ooiaLflffild as^ WQXL (loota«Bt0^ la r@iiP@o6iv aati lower la fixad oai^oa <^«5^)« !£ii9 te^ponO. iruti^ion la voi^Ulo aabtor 1% liows^ri apt ao iraUt aavkad as la Um em® of aidi sm fixed etotoa* 2tis toaporul variation la liaM oarljoa «ol asHf illundssy Is mH dootflMAtsa la six SSMS of tHa KailMi oosifloM (Fl4« K»»)« Tlio lawsr BarilMur ooils sra oa » a^^ii^s lav la aaa (1$*7/«} sad iil^iidr la flasd etuflioa (^•3;^ as nt^oiast tlis tippar Barakar ooals i^Hoa afa oa aa air«E>aga tsli^r ia aaa (33»i^} Mid Xotmr la flxad oi^rtoa (37*7^) • a^s volatile aeittar also napda^s fioa lavar (^.^^ to v^i^ar Bar^luir CaS*9)*4 oorxoteratlag taa 33 m S3Y81 oocil 8@aia@ of tli@ Cbirjyitixl ooaXfiald, elMlar vailis^ion is 0Vi ;ipatiaJL Fariatioa Ti30 8^tI}B£»is of tha results siia plots niferroc; to ^Isovo ahD«t that fix@4 Ouitton r#gi8tars a ayst^iatiG v^^riation on an m&r&t,® fzoB *iO»7, in ^aidMir eo&OLfioXcl thios^^ ^.^ in KOfba idia 5l»0> in ciiPisiil to §0»%s in fioha^uF ooaX* fi@Xds in a distunco of about SH^ Km froa aootneaat to no:'111^3 St (^poaiJUi 6)« 'ih^ K>latil@ teutter follows aoi*® or lees a roiFtrse tr^nd in tliat it (iocreaaas f«sa 33«8 to «jB*5. t «ina so ^os ash txtm 2$*6 to 20»6^ ovur tl^ aroa* llano jy a goa&TtH iner^asi© in tbe fixoa ouruun and Ociorciitsa in TOlatii© lasfetar and mh Is appari»nt an Urn ekimn of oocsi- fialds fvQti aoiithaaatum part Caleher) thio^ Eobra mm isKpisring tho dxistasoe o spaticvi v.o'iatlcai. ih© spati -x 00 la ia clearly a«fflcaiatr-^;te-«. In fii;» 22 for tti© t^#r-u|,ie Value of aah» v lat.^.e matter on*^ Xi---u4 c^iiton from tuXfOmr oouHHQl tiinnigti KoriM ana ciiiriciiri to ^^h^a^^iHU' ©oalfii..las. It saay be au!a::>aj^»iMi tidsot •m^.j co«i3 ir* tiiiS btisln sljow a Clusdifl(uiti<»i The ? K.arl^.*rbari/aar4kar ooola of oiffsrent cooJuPtelus of the ooa^'-Ji Jiacil busin la plott©*i ..^pr^ori lAly in Fi.« 23 nhioh shows idffer^nt st^es of r^^m of cool aecorciini^ to Gerson iiiXl4} anu i^orth iaorick^i i.^tb^..) sehcme of oitAC'Sific •w«(^« so-i X m «0-i •s^' so 40 "-a-. C ~———»-, w i <« S ; o 10 O X > Ui «0i 90 A J < o X ^ zoA 10 50HACf*U« TALCHER K0R8A CH!RM!«^! IEOENO E:3 M»on Voiuf *- —-• Ston<)Ofd O«viotioo fji^ 1^% IISAO 4XB^W0M sti&yl^ ^^mikldJl Tfirta^j^ffl of iKMUcag^ HSMA ««rl»i% val^UJia anffefeMr mA ma^ txmt taxMrnr (36) The ooalQ of I'alcher co^£i@la unich oofitoin averse ^iatiie »att«. In order #f 33»8 to 39M oay be cius.ifi .. as • Igh vol.tilt 4iituffllJicma(,.)' co.-l3(ifi^«23)» iiowever, siost of ttiij Korl>a oo^-la» espvaoiaily i^hoae belonglag to zi^ Imimr oool se-cis, eichiltit volatile auttor 26.3 * 3»'*-^$ jn^ tit&ae toolrnig to 'MocULia Vol. til® BitUBilnous* r^nk* By ooixtru8t» the ooula of t^por m>*Mm ooat^iiiKlj^ volawUe aattor ( 29.90^ %Q}i>) &re 'Higlj Volatile ailttiaiaousC-.)* in r-jik* ^tm ChiriAiri *msi ^>oh.^pur ooaia« likmi^^t runge from iieciiuta Volatile to Ili^h ^olatilo isitui&ittoua ( 0 runii* £hQ ush in cool a ly be attribtxbed to finely uivid&u inoi^-iOio aotritua wtiloh is uusaioiisatea in our in^ fusain v4iu clarcdn in valuable profMirtion or to *uirt* b^jnos wnioh tr&ri s^ax^te lusiincio in ooc^ 8e«JiBs« Its ultimate aoaxoe is th«. utiana HI ,H >ri ATK ^ 'i^ r -r^ r -^ ^ Mt I )t iM Vf'I at l( >• ! Hi' IMIN' I • ' i^' i V3 \1' > ^ ^ S t Ml - N • M N A of iW9yUtJPl« wiett«r. i!to r«it 9t ooal of taleiiajp. Tim &itirtiax%ari wtvwt systea «tty.oh aarfcdd tho (m»@t of fXuviiii seoim^itatioii tirou^t into haain tim seoiasiit vtiich cotiaiuteu Xajns@ly &£ pe. bleSf very co4ars« to G&mmm san4 ana partly tiJOA oXastios* Tbe Eax^iorlMri streaas were aouerateXy deep s^.. vi^ ;:ma tiKsir alntiouaity was io«i liecauM of a 8tu€^pdr *i.'a^e tliay progresood throu^ time from ifartearlkiri to SarukAuritbe oxliaate i)e€ia&iih^ aore i3<^^tt^ UXIL^ slope oi the boain is@!n^€« '^@ sueooodin^^ iiars^Jiar rivors gr^ioii^aiy troosportc^^ iBore ana oor© £iim dofitios onu attcalnoa greater olioimel sim»aity reaultiag in i^oi^lerijQg ehor^ator* Sfmm^ incrouso i» tha imtt Gc»t^it in the suooo^sively youagor ooal foming psat stfiii^»8 ttoa i&arliarb«iri through loitfor to upper BaruJcar o«m well be attributes to increosine^ ^^ply of fin6 cl«;*8ticft 4ue to greater eimiosity of ehoimei pattern && s«»^ii&Mitutioii progre3Sed« Hetice* a p*a4aal GiMinge in tim eedlm&iitatian ao4ei am; «i.^.^odLatoa envirooii&fits vas the vieffiaja...tiag factor in 4etersiinihg the ash content, of COUJL at any jJL^mi ti:^@ during the oourme of eetliia^aitatian in Ouoh b«iain through tiae* Uniitee aahf th@ fixed carbon showa a progre sive deorenee from bottcka to top aetm in aost Q&mea here exominea. The teaporai iiusre^oe in iish *Ma ieorease in fi^^d c«iX^»on ffloyia^ y thut the si^Xy of v^et.a> debris vros eurtuilad as siare ^aia aore fina ol.^aties were fl^ishea into th<£ peat ewujsps ae they deveXoped stMscessivs^y with lncr(^ai.dng ohK^iimel simioeit> of oipoaiti thrmigh tiae* (38) incroasQ in ash oont«»t m^§ ti;iust ^ inteipretea In the Ii£>lit of al»V3 i8@titioii0u aeoia^at^ticm pl^ooattHv^* file stuuy alaa at 4@t€iaRaitiiag the' tmX j^cviipQrtL^i^ M r nk oi oov^ in th& jot^^iM^m^iJl aoiiiwuiiu b Min b< from TuXcther oowdflftia In the aot3tii^«iSt tl:3i'ou4;j!t Kozi>» vwn.. Chiriairi to Johu^QpHO* coolXielos In iiortl»#e8t» a ^^a^^.o^ of ^ bout 290 iCB* i'hi. oxma llsa beti«t»i 1^ idtituo^s 21^* to 24®30* .aa i,aoRg*tiae8 «J^45» to ©5®. syt oC oooi Be^MB trcm bottom to top in Ov^ch ooaI£iftX4 H ve bti 1, £hQ @o(lia«mt 2. ^i total mmbQT o* 26 oooi »@uoa ijtwiaaliit, 4 froia iulehcr, 6 from Korba» 7 fX^t^ whirliairi« 4 trom Jh .gpTwOch^^^* Bi^uri area iiw 5 ^POQ i\atUfionu»Bhc.skar"~»p.«»u are..s of '^ohj^HAT coaifi(sla»i0«^ oonalimr&d for t.iiv^ stua>, 3» 218 analyses obtv.iaoa f^rois tho ptiUilio tiojii uf th. CF a» 1979i for thL> mv^cionau abovo se«ij^ were usea for tliis stu^yt with on a'^r^* oi 10 onalya.a from e ch coJ. Betm villa ua avor^^o of 55 usivJlysos frwa e..cli cooifleJL. 4* iim pttxtsatit imXues of the tbrae pPoxiaat© o^satituents (fixea ea]i90!i,v&latile laa&ter ana Gisli)i#er4,' r©c^4.cui4it©u anu plot .©d on a tri«u^ilar ooordiaato pap^r usixi^ s^arat« syao.ls l^r •aeh ooal seam in eads couIfieXv^* $• the imriatioii Xin»s snowing the iiit6iv»rc3,aticms4j.p l»«tti« 3* Mean poro^nt values ^ma stioidara cl@vi-4t4»i were o«Ueuiat«a for volw.*dUo ^i^^ttsr smu ocuar two oos^nonte of prosdyiato analyai^ foj: oaoh ^»al£iola to atiggost possiisao eXaaaifieatioA of 4m^tai:}anudi Goadwuia hasin* £t is inforrfKi that the Lower Qoodif.j)a eo^Is aro on mi average tilgh Volatile Bitueaiinoua {.^) for 7alohdr,Fi&diiiiB Volatile Bitmainous for Korhat Hi^ Volatile Bituoinous ( 0 ^or Chiriairi mu ii.dium volatile Eitusinoue for Joh spver oo^flolus, 9* The variation in the tmld pxioperties of eooi hue b&mi eatplalnecL by the proi^reeeive st^ply of the fine elustlcs in t c« suoo^esive peart swo^s through tine, uorliii^ the Qourso of uaintiHrmpteu oiia ocmtinuous (^1) soOiiacnt^titm* ..y9t«ttatic iiiomused in ash at the Qxp&m^ of fixoa oarixm inm t£ia l<»#er to upi^er aeoras is ua evidttnce of progns^v^y greater IzifXux of fine cX<^ti<»B in tii© peat smm&a a©9€iopetl 3iicoe8.>ivaly throagii tiai« ia Oiffereist oo^« tnila olao suisi^ests tuat dipositing strei^em b&aeam more ainyous wltii ddcJLino i& gra4iaaat ^iztrngb time from liaxtik rb^i to Borater a. suggestiKi by &^rly woriwnt. (42) Junad, F,,1S^, Tha Ooiidwana boaiiis ox oe^dmontatlon in Indlat Rec, Qeol.^urv.Indi^, 86,pp,:;25-536, BiiGU, T.i'i., lyaijCoiijfelatioii unc ciaasific^-tion o£ the bas«l ana lownr persjian co>-J. rae^aures of Inaia: 111 M.M,CreswBli .AIO. P^VeTl^icdQ,)'* onuw.jiu Five, V Int, Qonci, Jiaap,, willington,p»37« Basu, T«N» ana ^hriv^^stava, B.B.P.i 1981, M-tructuixs -jici tectonics of Gonawi^oici basins of yciiinsulur India J In M«M, Creswell vuia F»Veil a( caa •) •Gonawana Flve( V Int, Gond.ijcap. v«ellington, pp, 125-132, i3ose, ^•.,, 1979# •^>ealiBem;ologic.jl characters in ii*a.ter"n ii-.rgin of Tatapoai Baain, M,P,, inoia with -. noce on its coal ocourrencest XV Int. Gona.aymp., Calcutta, v-II,pp, 671-682, Caaohyap, .,M.,1963, oclerotoides in Kargcili coalii of ^.m^L aokoTOj Curr, aci,, 32, pp, 263-264, •» 1967, Microatructure of vitrinite of the Bokaro coals, '-^li. «i .uw.(]r«do,iJeptt*,.'i,im,, iiligarh, v»3, PP» 1-13. •, 1973, Paleociirrents ana paleogeogr^^phic reconstruction In the Barakar (Lower oondwana) sanostones of peninsular Indiai 3aa,Geol,,v,i>, pp. 28>303. (43) Casahy^p ^•H*t 1977* Pattema of 8e4imaat^tion in Qonim pp. 1-34. their |> Fi e«| V Int. aona.sysip»,1980,rf;l-ift-.toiJ, np. 125-132« •»1931b, P,*l«04rAlnrj^# uijci paiuoseogr^pfay of -.>on .,ana uiu'^ai» t97^i Gl-ci«l »eiJUa\iflt-.tian oi' iww© poleosole Tuloher uiaaXctJLte,i'QiicJi Vax_Qy oooJifielcitOantraX Inwd-^ t Jul! M€toX«.^oc» iaerieat v»83, pp. 74>-7fc>0. una ftiion^Z.A., 1.82, F^^leofe^'tlrology of pemi^-r. Goo, <»e.Xniil^«v«23fpp« 419^^. «!'•• • •'••iw i«jjtyl IIw. rlt1985t F3jiviatile /lodala oi «u« Xoviyr uuaoa.-*r valley basi;%6, inul.^^ ia press*. ChaiMihary»A.»1979« TeotOfiic aiiu pal^»g@08iorphlo evolution of on-^'4iana 1:^7^. (44) Je, H,4i,, I^T^f SedlaentaticMi ia north Karai^ura b^-sin- mcKlal In jjeajoaar y-j.MJ.&j grab©a,ponla.ul*r I« Jutta, H,a,, .^tta, ••!*« -in.- M^uuia. r, -.•-.,, 197i»T IcUlr Gl .ciution in the •»o»-'F. h n.**! ^-^na .\owi valleys -a** adj.^lnia^ s>j^.; , laiiiilV Irt., .:«na».>ysp,1977,v, I,:3p,55'W3.?9. Frakesp L,,*»taip,i.» onu CroimXl., «J»-#f 1975, iu.te i Neozoic aiv-ol^itioni Pai't Vi, pp. 45^*-46:)» Gan^u, P»ii., 195S>*i» Petrology of laai^m oo^^lai Pvtsa«ueoi,>*urv, Inui^, 83» &p. 101• .^,i->»«M. —p19i):?b, ihe petitsl^gy ol co. Is of the ->.Aultoi%..nj co^^flu' at f>roG»Xnu» Cau, jci»tV«42,pp.14»26, wi. I..>.>»».•»—»,1960, i^he nd.ture ox. aicix>frugjBtaftt-.Jl cc»isxitaenvw of thu Sua^ur co^Jlsi Prae«inu«AC«>*,.yCi., v,47. pp.34>.551. — -„,,-»»•—«- aiKi p.jKt,X«i>«,1963ithe« ^-U iiiUiWac.ifi^i.-.,, v«2^tHa,a, pp.ly2«^ia» Otaosh, p.", dau Mitra, W*Ai»f 1S?2t -^ review of rec-.-nt progress in studies of the ^jfont^imoB of Inuiat II Int. (Jona» op!|)s«Fr.^tori.<, • frlc^^, pp. „i-47. mm»»m»m.^.»^^^^^^ iiiotory of AcJLci'iir ..eoijaat-ti n in i^ofaou i vJUey basinst Hea. wieoX* .>UiV»Xriai^,v.103,pp.1-117« Crhoah,P.ii.,Dt©l«shituiu,H»l».anu i%ar'thy, JJ#. *.v,,'}i^64,rhe iv„u-h^^'ix.r; Ln tae Qomivaaim ot pealnmil^r Inui^s hcp« . il inu« [email protected];,, 9» pp. 16y-iaO. iT^lisinary gii(iloc4ftal. m^&mmia% of cparzlaliXtt potjn^laUtar of i^«ioi«& laoek of Borba ooalfia^L^ BUasp^ ai8tsie^» U&a^m ?MAjm% ,%pU CM?m» Bai^por (uop^iiatiod)* HaratuOif (;*i^f 19$^ 2:iitxo4iM^ioB to a stoc^ of ti^ aattiTQ «ia ori|;lA of fiisaiii (fosialta), iual« v* li, pp* t^*^!^ mtra^ tUBmt Bosa, 7*plA &iltt% ^.Kfty I9?9i m« pxt^&im Of 1? lot* OoacU ^^^^9 197?i aaiomta* v« lit 99* ^4>^ii9* Huimorjodf B*C*inA &iitt% J., 1f^^» Sto^r of tli;^ oo&U fion Sai^ira •rout Bieeehl dlstJ^iotf SoxtH iiia«n^ara oo«Lfl«i4 mtH ^^^^olal raf@r«iOd to timtv otiasioul. and p«(fo|jO£iOiil oiiaraQ^ort aatl thair oorroii^ioiit Fxoo* k^th laA* mU Qongmt 4&«t«f pu ^ p* 23N^ X«ral«| Q*K«B»t t965» Fotxogr^jlo aiiaajrsas of aam9 mtiUi fzQM fal«hir ooaUldX4< Bia^^iii sabmi 2ii^« paldotetaoart ZtfOiaio«r, «19y9» H^oaitii^ ill idxvU^oiittoiit of Jyovor Ooadwsoa eoalJi of FAMoat ib*B«9 1f$99 »eiiiial^ of dtaolikiar of India «d attnu^i uovamMOt of 28^La ^ulkUei^&ioat Caict;ilt% ps>« 1*1i^3« (46) Pant« i#j«» 1^5f i'ilcrostrucuires of ^..-oiau v«K>uy tis^uer^iiiu pith rala-ted to thu fonr. tiO«u:» .-vuioxylor* in v« >.., iia. 7» PP* 10Q>*110^. RciistrioK» • -Jsifi .i.,*T^A-di, ^:, *, 193'J, tho a l*tr. ^d origin oX co^-*i -riu CO-J. ae ms, roigi'.sh Univ^Prvss, aaOt«-:«^»i^i«t1983t Coalfields of In la* Cl»a«I«auix, oer, s, Ho. 45,V»III» iiobinsony P^i-.t 1969t ^h@ Inaian aonuw^^<. form- tions - review in 'ionctwana stratigrapiiyi (^^u. .J, £K>Q) Paris, pp. 201-2e>8. S£^tri t M.V.A*, unu oin^ihf .j.C», 1964, Peitaion aoriae trumagression in P«iinsulai^ Inai s Hep,.. Jix int, ^eol»Conc,pp, li^-ISO, ChajodTa, i>, ana i'^ic^EUBOildr, H*»1^62, '\ %QAt book of caol petrology! .«rlin» Stuttgart 1^02. Trip fchi, B., Koblit M«i-., Ghosh, .t«,., .uiw. >Jhaaulu.ry,R.it», 1977tii Ge^logiCvii Haiport on jeulburu Oolti. ry, lalchier ca^OJi^iu, C.i£»i.U (ur^uolisH.; j. .8 8 8 8 8 ^ *1 a; 8 I I > • < • > • • I • ( « < t e O g- % 1 I M V^,^.^.^^ HI g 8 § 3 18 8 13 ?; s ^ IS 8 3 • • • 60 • • • • • • 8 69 TO s I • O f 4 8 ? 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