O Ahu Zone 4

Oÿahu Zone 4 (50 to 100 inches rainfall per year, less than 150 feet elevation)

Oÿahu Zone 4, Fern/Fern Ally Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (fdt) ÿIwaÿiwa, ÿiwaÿiwa häwai, ÿiwaÿiwa kahakaha, Adiantum capillus-veneris Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Venus’ hair fern, maidenhair fern ÿËkaha, ÿëkaha kuahiwi, ÿëkahakaha, bird’s nest Asplenium nidus Indigenous 4 to 6 6 fern Cyclosorus interruptus Neke, swamp cyclosorus Indigenous 2 to 2 8 Dicranopteris linearis f. emarginata Uluhe, unuhe, false staghorn Endemic 4 to 8 38 Dicranopteris linearis f. linearis Uluhe, unuhe, false staghorn Indigenous 4 to 8 38 Haplopteris elongata ÿOheÿohe, mana Indigenous <1 to 2 2 Lepisorus thunbergianus Päkahakaha, ÿëkaha, ÿäkölea, puaÿa Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Nephrolepis exaltata ssp. Niÿaniÿau, ÿökupukupu, pämoho, kupukupu, Endemic 1 to 4 8 hawaiieinsis palapalai, sword fern Ophioderma pendulum ssp. falcatum Puapua moa, laukahi, adder’s tongue Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Ophioglossum nudicaule Adder’s tongue Indigenous <1 2 Ophioglossum petiolatum Adder’s tongue Indigenous <1 2 Pneumatopteris hudsoniana Laukahi Endemic 4 to 6 4 Moa, moa nahele, pipi, ÿoÿomoa, upright Psilotum nudum Indigenous <1 to 2 2 whiskfern ÿAmaÿu, maÿu, maÿumaÿu, puaÿa ÿehuÿehu, Sadleria cyatheoides Endemic 6 to 13 10 ÿamaÿumaÿu Sphenomeris chinensis Palaÿä, palapalaÿä, päÿü o Palaÿe, palaÿe, lace fern Indigenous 1 to 3 2 Vandenboschia draytoniana N/A Endemic 1 to 2 1

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Oÿahu Zone 4, Grass/Sedge Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Bolboschoenus maritimus ssp. paludosus Kaluhä Indigenous 1 to 6 <1 Carex wahuensis ssp. wahuensis N/A Endemic 1 to 4 2 Cyperus laevigatus Makaloa, makoloa, ehuÿawa Indigenous <1 to 2 8 Puÿukaÿa, kiliÿoÿopu, kiolohia, mauÿu puÿukaÿa, Cyperus odoratus Endemic 1 to 5 1 pükoÿa, puÿukoÿa Cyperus pennatiformis var. pennatiformis N/A Endemic 2 to 5 2 Cyperus polystachyos N/A Indigenous 1 to 2 1 Possibly Digitaria setigera Kükaepuaÿa, mauÿu kükaepuaÿa, itchy crabgrass 1 to 3 2 Indigenous Eragrostis paupera Lovegrass Indigenous 1 1 Eragrostis variabilis Käwelu, ÿemoloa, kalamälö, lovegrass Endemic 2 to 3 2 Fimbristylis cymosa ssp. spathacea Mauÿu ÿakiÿaki Indigenous <1 1 Fimbristylis cymosa ssp. umbellato-capitata Mauÿu ÿakiÿaki Indigenous <1 1 Fimbristylis dichotoma N/A Indigenous <1 to 3 1 Ischaemum bryone Hilo ischaemum Endemic 2 to 3 2 Paspalum scrobiculatum Mauÿu laiki, ricegrass Indigenous 2 to 5 2 Polynesian Saccharum officinarum Kö, sugarcane 8 to 11 8 introduction Possibly Schoenoplectus californicus Kaluhä, ÿakaÿakai 3 to 15 6 Indigenous ÿAkiÿaki, ÿaki, mahiki, mähikihiki, mänienie Sporobolus virginicus ÿakiÿaki, mänienie mähikihiki, mänienie maoli Indigenous <1 to 3 11 seashore rushgrass, beach dropseed

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Oÿahu Zone 4, Herbaceous Plant Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Bacopa monnieri ÿAeÿae, water hyssop Indigenous <1 8 Cleome spinosa Honohino, ÿiliÿohu, spider flower Indigenous 4 to 5 1 Cleome spinosa ssp. nov Honohino, ÿiliÿohu, spider flower Endemic 4 to 5 1 Polynesian Colocasia esculenta Kalo, taro 2 to 4 4 introduction Melanthera remyi Nehe Endemic 2 4 Polynesian Musa x paradisiaca Maiÿa, banana 8 to 38 11 introduction Possible ÿIhi ÿai, ÿihi ÿawa, ÿihi maka ÿula, ÿihi mäkole, Oxalis corniculata Polynesian <1 to 1 2 yellow wood sorrel Introduced Peperomia blanda var. ÿAlaÿala wai nui Indigenous 1 2 floribunda Peucedanum sandwicense Makou Endemic 2 to 8 6 Pöpolo, ÿolohua, polopolo, pöpolohua, glossy Possibly Solanum americanum 4 to 5 4 nightshade Indigenous Polynesian Tacca leontopetaloides Pia, Polynesian arrowroot, bat flower 4 to 6 6 introduction

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Oÿahu Zone 4, Subshrub Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Artemisia australis ÿÄhinahina, hinahina, hinahina kuahiwi Endemic 1 to 2 4 Possibly Sida rhombifolia N/A 2 to 6 4 Indigenous

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Oÿahu Zone 4, Shrub Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Chamaesyce kuwaleana ÿAkoko, koko, ÿekoko, kökömälei Endemic 1 to 3 2 Polynesian Cordyline fruticosa Kï, ti 8 to 13 8 introduction Osteomeles anthyllidifolia ÿÜlei, eluehe, uÿulei Indigenous 4 to 11 10 Scaevola taccada Naupaka kahakai, aupaka, huahekili, naupaka kai Indigenous 8 to 11 11 Senna gaudichaudii Kolomona, heuhiuhu, kalamona, uhiuhi Indigenous 2 to 15 8 Sida fallax ÿIlima Indigenous 1 to 11 8 Kolokolo kahakai, hinahina kolo, mänawanawa, Vitex rotundifolia Indigenous 3 to 4 10 mäwanawana, pöhinahina, pölinalina, beach vitex

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Oÿahu Zone 4, Tree/Shrub Species Common name End/ind/pol Height Spread (ft) (ft) Dodonaea viscosa ÿAÿaliÿi, ÿaÿaliÿi kü makani, ÿaÿaliÿi kü ma kua, Indigenous 8 to 31 15 kümakani Hibiscus tiliaceus Hau Indigenous 8 to 76 38 Morinda citrifolia Noni, Indian mulberry Polynesian 11 to 23 19 introduction Pipturus albidus Mämaki, mämake, waimea Endemic 8 to 23 15 Psychotria kaduana Köpiko kea Endemic 15 to 31 19 Psydrax odorata Alaheÿe, ÿöheÿe, walaheÿe Indigenous 11 to 57 23 Thespesia populnea Milo, portia tree Indigenous 19 to 76 19 Wikstroemia oahuensis var. ÿÄkia, kauhi Endemic 15 to 23 11 oahuensis

Prepared for the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply by Gregory A. Koob, PhD. All rights reserved Page 6 4/11/2004 Oÿahu Zone 4 (50 to 100 inches rainfall per year, less than 150 feet elevation)

Oÿahu Zone 4, Tree Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Polynesian Aleurites moluccana Kukui, kuikui, candlenut tree 38 to 76 57 introduction Hame, haÿä, haÿämaile, hamehame, mehame, Antidesma pulvinatum Endemic 8 to 46 15 mehamehame Polynesian Artocarpus altilis ÿUlu, breadfruit 34 to 69 38 introduction Polynesian Broussonetia papyrifera Wauke, poÿaÿaha, paper mulberry 19 to 38 11 introduction Polynesian Cocos nucifera Niu, ololani, coconut 96 to 115 11 introduction Diospyros sandwicensis Lama, ëlama Endemic 8 to 57 23 Nestegis sandwicensis Olopua, pua, ulupua Endemic 31 to 96 23 Pandanus tectorius Hala, pü hala, screw pine Indigenous 34 to 38 34 ÿOhe, ÿohe kukuluaeÿo, ÿohe makai, ÿoheÿohe, Reynoldsia sandwicensis Endemic 76 to 115 57 ÿoheokai

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Oÿahu Zone 4, Vine/Liana Height Spread Species Common name End/ind/pol (ft) (ft) Käkalaioa, hihikolo, kinikini, yellow nickers, Possibly Caesalpinia major 46 to 57 38 Hawaiian pearls Indigenous Kaunaÿoa pehu, kaunaÿoa mälolo, kaunaÿoa uka, Cassytha filiformis Indigenous 11 to 15 11 kaunoa, mälolo, pölolo Cocculus orbiculatus Huehue, hue, hueÿie, ÿinalua Indigenous 2 to 11 11 Polynesian Dioscorea bulbifera Hoi, piÿoi, bitter yam, air potato 38 to 115 38 introduction Gouania vitifolia N/A Endemic 8 to 19 11