The emesine assassin bug genus (Heteroptera: ) from Japan

Tadashi Ishikawa

Twelve species of the reduviid genus Empicoris are recognized in Japan. Six species are newly described: E. magnispineus, E. suminoi, E. maeharai, E. okinawanus, E. spectabilis and E. egregius. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of male and female genitalia are provided for all species. Species-group assignment and the biology of Empicoris in Japan are discussed. Tadashi Ishikawa, Laboratory of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Funako 1737, Atsugi-shi, Kanagawa, 243–0034 Japan. [email protected]

Introduction help for sound discrimination of the species. How- Empicoris Wolff, 1811 belongs to the tribe Ploiari- ever, due to a recent increase in number of indeter- olini of the assassin bug subfamily , bear- minate species mainly from East and Southeast Asia, ing a particular resemblance to some mosquitoes at it is necessary to detect further morphological struc- first glance in their small body, slender appendages tures for the distinction of the species. In the course and black and white color pattern. Approximately 70 of a careful study of the morphology of Empicoris species from all over the world have been described in species, several additional discriminating characters this genus (cf. Maldonado Capriles 1990; Putshkov were recognized: the ratio in lengths of the apical- & Putshkov 1996; Putshkov et al. 1999). However, most blackish annulation and the distal whitish part a large number of new species of Empicoris can be in the metafemur, the shape of struts in the male, the expected not only from insufficiently explored shape of styloides in the female, etc. regions, such as Southeast Asia, but also from areas In the present paper, the Japanese species of Empicoris where inventories are more or less in progress. An are revised, with descriptions of six new species. example of the latter is Japan with six described spe- Diagnoses and illustrations, including male and cies: (Blackburn, 1889), female genitalia, are provided for all Japanese species. E. brachystigma (Horváth, 1914), E. minutus Usinger, A key to the Japanese species is given. Species-group 1946, E. tesselatoides Wygodzinsky & Usinger, 1960, assignment and the biology of Empicoris in Japan are E. ussuriensis Kanyukova, 1982 and E. toshinobui discussed. Ishikawa, 2001. During investigations of my col- leagues and of myself, six undescribed species of the genus were recognized from various parts of Japan. Material and methods Similarity in the general appearance among species of Dried specimens of each species were used. Male and Empicoris often makes their identification difficult. female genitalia were soaked in hot 10% KOH solu- Therefore, it is necessary for accurate identification tion for about five minutes, and later transferred to to use a combination of several morphological char- distilled water for further dissection. Observations acters, such as the structures of head, pronotum, fore were made under a stereoscopic microscope (Olym- legs, hemelytra and male genitalia. Actually, several pus SZH10) and an optical microscope (Olympus authors provided detailed descriptions with abun- CH2). Photos were taken under a stereoscopic dant illustrations (Wygodzinsky 1966; Putshkov et microscope (Olympus SZX9) equipped with a Color al. 1999; etc.), and their works have been of great CMOS Camera system (Artray Artcam-200MT).

Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 151: 11–49, Figs 1–220. [ISSN 0040–7496]. http://www.nev.nl/tve © 2008 Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging. Published 1 June 2008. 12 Tijdschrift voor Entomologie, volume 151, 2008

Illustrations of the head and prothorax were drawn Hemelytron length: maximum length of hemelytron using the stereoscopic microscope with the aid of a from the base to the apex. drawing tube, and those of the other structures were Lengths of femur and tibia: maximum length of each drawn with the aid of an optical microscope equipped segment from the basalmost point to the apicalmost with a drawing tube. The fore legs, hemelytra, female point in dorsal view. abdomens and genitalia were then preserved in small Length of tarsus: maximum length of tarsus from glass tubes with glycerin and mounted on the pin the basalmost point to the apicalmost point in lateral with the respective specimen. view. Terminology generally follows that of Wygodzinsky Length of spine on ventral surface of profemur: (1966), but terms for the male and female genita- maximum length of spine combined with its basal lia mainly follow Davis (1966). The terms, rostral tubercle. segments I, II and III are used for apparent labial seg- Abdomen length: maximum length of abdomen ments I, II and III, respectively (which correspond to from the anteriormost point of connexivum II to the ‘true’ labial segments II, III and IV, respectively). posteriormost point of segment VII. Measurements are defined as follows: Length of pygophore: maximum length of pygo- Body length: maximum length of body from the phore from the basalmost point to the apicalmost anteriormost point of clypeus to the posteriormost point excluding posterior process. point of abdominal segment VII in male and to the Height of pygophore: maximum height of pygo- posterior apex of the abdomen in female. phore from the ventralmost point to the dorsalmost Head length: maximum length of head excluding point. neck region in dorsal view. Length of pygophoral posterior process: maximum Length of anteoculus: maximum length of anteocu- length of posterior process from the basalmost point lus from the anteriormost point of clypeus to the to the apicalmost point. anteriormost point of anterior margin of eye. All measurements in the text are given in millimeters. Length of postoculus: maximum length of postocu- lus from the posteriormost point of posterior margin Depositories of the material are abbreviated as of eye to the posteriormost point of head excluding follows: neck region. ELEU Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agri- Width across eyes: maximum width from the outer- culture, Ehime University, Matsuyama most point of one eye to that of the other eye. ELKU Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agri- Antenna length: total length of antennal segments I, culture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka II, III and IV. NSMT Department of Zoology, National Science Lengths of antennal segments I, II, III and IV: maxi- Museum, Tokyo mum length of each segment from the base to the TUA Laboratory of Resources, Faculty of apex. Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agricul- Rostrum length: total length of rostral segments I, ture, Atsugi II and III. Length of rostral segment I: maximum length of the Names of several collectors of the material are abbre- segment from the base to the apex in lateral view. viated as follows: KY: Kazutaka Yamada; MT: Mikio Lengths of rostral segments II and III: maximum Takai; SM: Satoshi Maehara; SN: Seidai Nagashima; length of each segment from the base to the apex in TI: Tadashi Ishikawa; TM: Toshinobu Matsumoto; ventral view. TS: Tomoki Sumino; TT: Tomoyuki Tsuru. Pronotum length: maximum length of pronotum from the anteriormost point to the posteriormost point along the midline. Length of anterior pronotal lobe: maximum length Genus Empicoris Wolff of anterior pronotal lobe from the anteriormost point at the middle of the anterior margin of the lobe [non Scopoli, 1786]: auct. to the posteriormost point. Empicoris Wolff, 1811: iv, type species by monotypy: Length of posterior pronotal lobe: the remaining Cimex vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758. Ploiariodes White, 1881: 58, type species by monotypy: length of pronotum subtracting the length of the Ploiariodes whitei Blackburn, 1881 (syn. by McAtee & anterior pronotal lobe from the pronotum length. Malloch 1923: 162, with Empicoris). Width across humeri: maximum width between the Ploiariola Reuter, 1888: 357, type species by original des- outermost point of one humeral angle to that of the ignation: Cimex vagabundus Linnaeus, 1758 (syn. by other humeral angle. Champion 1898: 162, with Ploiariodes).