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Sheet. http://www.mfem.gov.ck/images/ ———. 2017b. Cooks mp Says Rarotonga documents/RMD_Docs/Guides/RM_204 Tourism Becoming Unsustainable. 30 Oct. _-_Tax_Amnesty_2017.pdf [accessed https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/ 17 July 2018] pacific-news/342640/cooks-mp-says -rarotonga-tourism-becoming ———. 2018a. Cook Islands Parliamen- -unsustainable [accessed 15 July 2018] tary General Election 2018: Warrant of Declaration of the Election of ­Successful ———. 2018a. Cook Islands Cabinet Candidates and the Number of Votes Revealed. 11 July. https://www.radionz.co Received by Each Candidate. The Cook .nz/international/pacific-news/361512/ Islands Gazette 36/2018, 28 June. cook-islands-cabinet-revealed [accessed Available from http://www.mfem.gov.ck/ 20 July 2018] elections [accessed 30 July 2018] ———. 2018b. Cooks pm Backing Calls ———. 2018b. Elector Population as at for Political Reform. 23 May. https:// 12 June 2018. Available from http://www www.radionz.co.nz/international/pacific .mfem.gov.ck/elections [accesssed 30 July -news/358042/cooks-pm-backing-calls-for 2018] -political-reform [accessed 20 July 2018] ———. 2018c. Preliminary 2016 Census ———. 2018c. Easier Access to NZ Pen­ results. http://www.mfem.gov.ck/census sion for Realm Countries. 8 March. [accessed 10 Sept 2018]. https://www.radionz.co.nz/international/ pacific-news/352085/easier-access-to-nz Newport, Christina. 2017. Polynesia in -pension-for-realm-countries [accessed Review: Issues and Events, 1 July 2015 to 20 July 2018] 30 June 2016: Cook Islands. The Contem- porary Pacific 29 (1): 127–134. ———. 2018d. Final Vote Count Com- plete in Cook Islands Election. 29 June. Pacific Women in Politics. 2018. Cook https://www.pacwip.org/resources/news/ Islands: Election Candidate Numbers cook-islands-election-candidate-numbers Increase by Six. 9 May. https://www -increase-by-six/ [accessed July ] .pacwip.org/resources/news/cook-islands 20 2018 -election-candidate-numbers-increase-by Wyeth, Grant. 2017. The Cook Islands -six/ [accessed 20 July 2018] Set to Graduate to “Developed” Nation Status. 6 Oct, The Diplomat. https:// rci, Radio Cook Islands. 2018. “The thediplomat.com/ / /the-cook Minister of Finance Mark Brown has 2017 10 -islands-set-to-graduate-to-developed announced that after much consideration -nation-status/ [accessed Oct ] Government have now written off all 10 2017 outstanding tax prior to 1 January 2010.” Facebook, 2 Feb. https://www.facebook .com/cookislandsparty/posts/the-minister French Polynesia -of-finance-mark-brown-has-announced -that-after-much-consideration-g/ The most important events during the 1488114901287382/ [accessed 21 July year under review were the territorial 2018] elections of late April and early May 2018, in which Édouard Fritch, after rnz, Radio New Zealand. 2017a. Cook Islands Visitors Up But Concern Over Sus- essentially ruling as a usurper for the tainability. 6 Dec. https://www.radionz last four years, was able to consolidate .co.nz/international/pacific-news/345519/ his power as the country’s new strong- cook-islands-visitors-up-but-concern-over man by receiving a democratic man- -sustainability [accessed 21 July 2018] date. Besides the elections, the period political reviews • polynesia 195 remained relatively calm and without Cook Islands, Aotearoa/New Zealand, major upheavals. While the tourism and Hawai‘i referring to the site. economy seems to be slowly recover- The inscription of Taputapuatea as ing, two controversial economic mega- a World Heritage Site marks what is projects remain hotly debated. On the so far the highest level of increasing international level, French defiance institutional recognition of traditional of UN resolutions on the territory Polynesian culture and spiritual- appears to continue unabated under ity. While Christian influence had the Macron administration. for about two centuries obscured The review period began with a and denigrated many aspects of that new boost of international acknowl- culture, it is increasingly coming back edgment for the country, and by in full force (Saura 2009). During extension the Pacific region at large, the review period, one of the leading when on 9 July the Executive Council figures in the contemporary spiritual of the United Nations Educational, revival movement, Sunny Moanaura Scientific and Cultural Organization Walker—who unapologetically identi- (unesco), at a meeting in Krakow, fies as a “pagan”—gained widespread Poland, declared Marae Taputapuatea, recognition when a known local a historical temple complex on the author published a biography about island of Raiatea, a World Heritage him (Ariirau 2017). Site. For several years, cultural orga- A more problematic aspect of nizations on Raiatea as well as several Taputapuatea’s world heritage list- local politicians had been campaign- ing, however, is that as long as the ing for the temple’s listing, and with country remains a French dependency, their lobbying the nomination of the unesco considers France, not the site slowly progressed. For the final country government, as the state party decision, both the President of French responsible for the site. In conse- Polynesia Édouard Fritch and the quence, Taputapuatea is now listed as mayor of the Taputapuatea municipal- a “French” heritage site on unesco’s ity on Raiatea, Thomas Moutame, website alongside such monuments traveled to Krakow to be present at as the Cathedral of Reims and the the historic occasion (ti, 9 July 2017). Palace of Versailles (unesco 2018), Marae Taputapuatea is an out- ­reinforcing France’s colonial claim standing example of Polynesian mega- over the site rather than identifying it lithic architecture, with walls made as a ­pan-Polynesian monument. out of coral stone slabs of a height Meanwhile, the country’s unre- of up to 3.5 meters each. The temple solved decolonization continued to complex also has a regional impor- be hotly debated within other UN tance that transcends today’s politi- agencies. During the annual hearings cal boundaries, as it was one of the before the UN Decolonization Com- most important spiritual and cultural mittee in New York at the beginning centers of Eastern Polynesia during of October, the political status of the centuries before European contact, French Polynesia was once again a with oral histories and temple names subject of contention. President Fritch in other parts of French Polynesia, the testified repeatedly that his country 196 the contemporary pacific • 31:1 (2019) was fulfilling all of the conditions of president, Emmanuel Macron, would a self-governing country and should finally bring a change in attitude from therefore be removed from the list of Paris were bitterly disappointed during territories to be decolonized. However, the review period, as his administra- since the country government actually tion’s actions made it clear that there only has administrative but no sover- would be no turn in France’s colonial eign powers, which remain France’s policy. exclusive prerogatives, the president Already Macron’s predecessor earned little recognition. Accordingly, François Hollande had disappointed the Overseas Territories Review blog many Polynesians, as he had promised stated that Fritch’s statements were in writing before his election to sup- nothing more than “Colonial Accomo- port the decolonization of the country dationist Antics” (otr, 4 Oct 2017). and then did the exact opposite. Many The fifteen other representatives of hoped that Macron, who had labeled French Polynesia who testified at the France’s former colonial policy a hearing all agreed and condemned “crime against humanity” during his their president and France’s refusal election campaign, and who comes to cooperate with the UN decoloniza- from a generation in which the decolo- tion agencies (otr, 4 Oct 2017; rnz, nization of most other French overseas 6 Oct 2017). territories had already been completed In late November, this assessment before he was born, would make a received additional confirmation when turnaround in this regard (Le Point, the International Olympic Commit- 16 Feb 2017). tee (ioc) in Lausanne, Switzerland, But in fact the Macron administra- responded to a request for subsidies tion continued Hollande’s scandal- to the local Olympic Committee of ous disregard for international law French Polynesia. The ioc stated that, as France was, for the fifth time in a unless French Polynesia becomes an row, reprimanded by the UN General independent state, its local committee Assembly for not transmitting infor- would not be recognized by Lausanne, mation on French Polynesia to the UN and the country could only partici- Decolonization Committee. In stark pate in international sporting events contrast to New Caledonia, where through affiliation with France’s ioc France has been dutifully cooperat- membership (ti, 30 Nov 2017). ing with the United Nations for years, Similarly, most international experts French Polynesia continues to be the agree that the premature granting of only one of the seventeen UN-recog- full membership in the Pacific Islands nized non-self-governing territories Forum (pif) to French Polynesia and for which the administrative power is New Caledonia in 2016 has essentially refusing to comply with article 71e of given France two seats in the pif, since the UN charter by failing to forward foreign affairs is a French national information about the territory to prerogative, not one devolved to the the UN Decolonization Committee country governments of either terri- (United Nations 2017). Macron has tory (Pareti 2017). thus turned out to be a hypocrite; Any hopes that France’s new under his leadership, France has political reviews • polynesia 197 defended international legal instru- April 2018, Tapura held a superma- ments such as the Paris Agreement jority of 33 out of 57 assembly seats, against the rogue attitude of Donald while Flosse’s party retained only 12, Trump’s US administration, all while with the rest consisting of 10 members acting as a rogue state itself in regard for former president Oscar Temaru’s to UN resolutions on decolonization. pro-independence Union pour la Macron also continued the notori- Démocratie (upld, which had also ous tradition of interference in French earlier lost a member to Tapura) and Polynesia’s domestic politics in favor the two Independents Vaiho-Faatoa of local pro-French forces when his and Tuihani Jr, who by then had party En Marche announced that it formed a new political party, Te Ora would officially support Édouard Api no Porinetia. Fritch’s party, Tapura Huiraatira, In the run-up to the election, in the upcoming territorial elections Temaru’s pro-independence camp was (Polynésie Première, 23 Feb 2018). further weakened, as upld, formed in This official endorsement from 2004 as a larger umbrella organization Paris only served to reinforce the including Temaru’s Tavini Huiraatira appeal of Tapura Huiraatira to both and several smaller pro-independence voters worried about financial subsi- or left-wing autonomist parties, fell dies from France and local turncoat apart. Tauhiti Nena, a former minister politicians looking to join whichever of sports, culture, and youth under political party is in power. The party Temaru who had already run under Tahoeraa Huiraatira—that of the his own party label in his unsuccessful doyen of local politics, eighty-seven- bid for a seat in the French National year-old former President Gaston Assembly earlier in 2017, formed Flosse—which had won a two-thirds a new coalition of splinter groups, majority of seats in the last elections named E Reo Manahune, which in 2013, and from which Tapura had included his own party Tau Hoturau split off in 2015, was reduced to a and the local Green party Heiura-Les small minority in the process. Already Verts, a former upld component. in June 2017, the Speaker of the Another former upld member party, Assembly Marcel Tuihani Jr and his Here Aia, joined Gaston Flosse’s father, former Tahoeraa party trea- Tahoeraa, and so did opportunistic surer Marcel Tuihani Sr, resigned their former Mahina Mayor Emile Ver­ Tahoeraa membership and became nau­don (whose now defunct Aia Api Independents due to differences with party had also been a component of Flosse (ti, 6 June 2017). In September, upld) and even two prominent vet- Tahoeraa assembly member Gilda eran Tavini members, Myron Mataoa Vaiho-Faatoa followed in Tuihani’s and Tamara Bopp-Dupont (ti, 9 April, footsteps (dt, 4 Sept 2017). Just a few 13 April 2018). This left Tavini to days later, Patricia Amaru and Juliette run as a single party, but at the same Nuupure also left Tahoeraa but, unlike time the departure of opportunists the two Tuihanis mentioned above, and turncoats provided it with an went directly over to Tapura (rnz, 13 opportunity to showcase its “moral Sept 2017). By the end of the term in purity”; the party pledged that none of 198 the contemporary pacific • 31:1 (2019) its candidates had ever been accused land (Tahoeraa Huiraatira 2018b), a of political corruption and would project attracting significant interest of immediately resign from politics if voters with anticolonial and Tahitian such a case should occur, whereas nationalist convictions and thus pro- both Tahoeraa and Tapura included viding competition to Tavini. many candidates against whom cor- But despite sustained campaigns by ruption trials were pending, including both opposition parties, the election President Fritch (ti, 17 Nov 2017). results were unequivocal in confirming At the same time, Tavini modernized Fritch’s political ascendancy. Already its political and economic platform, in the first round of voting on 22 not advocating independence as a April, Tapura stood clearly ahead with revolutionary rupture but rather as 43.04 percent of the vote. Tahoeraa the eventual outcome of a sustained scored second with 29.40 percent, decolonization process in cooperation while Tavini only won third place with France and UN agencies (Tavini at 20.72 percent. Tuihani’s Te Ora Huiraatira 2018). Api o Porinetia gained 3.68 percent, On the other hand, Tahoeraa was while Nena’s E Reo Manahune scored certainly benefiting from the several merely 2 percent. Still further off with defections from the pro-independence only 1.15 percent was another splin- camp. Joined by several prominent ter group: “Dignité Bonheur” led by labor union leaders, Flosse’s new French settler Jérôme Gasior, a local team gained the outlook of a party of offshoot of the populist French party nostalgics of an older political order— Union Populaire Républicaine (dt, 23 a party that feared Fritch’s neoliberal April 2018). reform program, much in line with In the runoff on 6 May, contested that of Macron on the French national between those party lists that achieved level. But Flosse’s campaign was ham- at least 12.5 percent in the first round, pered by the fact that he himself was Tapura won 49.18 percent, Tahoeraa not allowed to run due to the condi- 27.72 percent, and Tavini 23.11 per- tions of a suspended prison sentence cent. The outcome of the preliminary for corruption. In consequence, his round was thus largely confirmed, longtime confidant Geffry Salmon with Tapura winning most of the first- acted as Tahoeraa’s leading candidate round votes of the splinter parties and instead, even though election posters Tavini also showing some slight gains. still highlighted Flosse’s face, count- Voter turnout reached a historic low ing on the veteran leader’s unabated with only 61.51 percent in the first charisma. Additionally, Tahoeraa round and 66.82 percent in the second denounced the current French govern- round (dt, 7 May 2018). ment as colonialist and advocated for While the percentages alone created a more substantial autonomy arrange- a clear majority, the allocation of seats ment with France, presenting a draft in the state assembly was even more bill to make French Polynesia into massively in favor of Tapura, since the an “associated country” of France, electoral law grants the leading party somewhat similar to the Cook Islands’ list an automatic bonus of one-third current relationship with New Zea- of the seats beyond the proportional political reviews • polynesia 199 distribution of the remaining two- is questionable whether Tahoeraa will thirds of seats. Hence, Tapura received maintain itself beyond the life of the a two-thirds majority of 38 seats in charismatic “old lion” Flosse. the 57-seat assembly, while Tahoeraa Temaru’s Tavini clearly also suf- got only 11 (down from 38 seats at fered a massive electoral decline, not the last election in 2013) and Tavini only because of the collapse of upld gained only 8 seats (11 in 2013). and defections to Tahoeraa but also On 17 May, the new assembly con- because many voters see Temaru’s vened for its inaugural meeting, and presidencies in the mid-2000s as a Tapura member Gaston Tong Sang great disappointment, since nothing (another former president of the coun- concrete was done at that time to pre- try) was elected Speaker. Two days pare for independence. Nevertheless, later, the assembly confirmed Fritch as Temaru and his advisors have learned president with a majority of 39 votes, from many of their past mistakes and while Salmon received 10 votes and were careful not to succumb, as they Temaru 8 votes; one of the Tahoeraa did in 2008, to Flosse’s anticolonial members had already defected to rhetoric and to form a coalition with Fritch’s camp. In his inaugural speech, the “old lion.” Flosse’s proposal to Fritch expressed a conciliatory attitude form a common list of Tahoeraa and toward the opposition and invited all Tavini for the second round of the assembly members to work together election, in order to be able to beat for the development of the country Fritch, was rejected by Tavini—an (ti, 17 May 2018). important step away from the tactics Similar to the defection of Tong of power politics to moral integrity. As Sang from Tahoeraa in 2007 and the only party with a clear long-term his subsequent election victory in vision for the future, Tavini is clearly 2008, the 2018 election results mark the party with the best chances of a new cycle in the country’s ever- ­survival beyond the life of its founder. evolving political landscape. Just like Meanwhile, it cannot be denied Tong Sang, Fritch has taken most that Fritch’s prudent, pragmatic, of the convinced pro-French forces and technocratic style of governance within Tahoeraa with him, leaving has yielded some positive economic Flosse himself and his hard core to results. Tourism, currently the only move once more in the direction of substantial industry in the private independence. Tapura’s votes hence sector, has slowly picked up ­traction account for almost the entire French again as the number of visitors settler population (estimated at 10–15 increased to 198,959 in 2017 (ti, 16 percent of total inhabitants) and all May 2018). But this is still less than those locals who are concerned about at the height of the tourism boom in a stable and secure flow of subsidies the 1990s and early 2000s, when there from Paris. But it remains an open were far over 200,000 annual visitors question whether Fritch’s party, with (ispf 2002). such pure pragmatism and lacking a Increasing tourism in order to long-term vision, will have a future stimulate economic growth and over- beyond the current term. Similarly, it come dependency from French sub- 200 the contemporary pacific • 31:1 (2019) sidies is the main motivation behind polluted both chemically and radio- “Mahana Beach,” Gaston Flosse’s actively, leading to concerns about pet project envisioned during his last the quality of the fish produced at the term in office from 2013 to 2014; it facility (tpm, 17 May 2018). entails building a large resort area in Reflecting on both megaprojects, Punaauia on Tahiti’s northwest coast, French researcher Aurélie Bayen saw which would consist of various hotels a pattern of French Polynesian elites (some of them high-rise) and shopping searching for new sources of finan- and entertainment facilities, akin to cial support for their unsustainable Waikīkī on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, or Tumon levels of consumption, analogous to on Guam. While the Fritch adminis­ a “cargo cult” (Bayen 2017), with tration continues to support the Chinese investments having sup- project, it has been less enthusiastic planted the French military-industrial than Flosse, who kept promoting it on complex and its “manne nucléaire” the title page of Tahoeraa’s electoral (nuclear manna) during the period of program. The project remains contro- nuclear testing from the 1960s to the versial because of its potential envi- 1990s. Flosse’s new idea to finance ronmental impact, the massive injec- the Mahana Beach project by an Arab tion of foreign (most likely Chinese) billionaire from Abu Dhabi could capital needed to build the facilities, be seen in that same logic (Tahoeraa and the planned exemption of the con- Huiraatira 2018a). struction site from the minimum wage While the country is still figuring and other social benefits for workers out how to develop a self-sufficient in order to make it attractive for those and sustainable economy, the future investors (Rival 2017: 340–341). of the French colonial presence in the The second controversial economic region is far from clear, as French pol- “megaproject”—significantly more icy often seems to lack well-articulated advanced in its planning than Mahana long-term objectives (Regnault 2017). Beach—is the fish farm that is being At the same time, the inhabitants of built, also with Chinese capital, on the Marquesas Islands, who have the atoll of Hao in the Tuamotus. never really felt comfortable being Praised as a “blue economy” project part of a Tahiti-centered political that would provide a new type of entity, are still searching for a mean- income for the country besides French ingful status for their archipelago, subsidies and tourism, the project is either within or outside of the current also controversial because of envi- political system (tpm, 20 April 2018). ronmental concerns. First, the raising With the upcoming decolonization of thousands of fish in basins filled referendum in New Caledonia and its with millions of liters of water might potential ramifications for Wallis and entail massive impacts on the ecosys- Futuna (Maclellan and Regan 2018: 1, tem of the atoll’s lagoon (Rival 2017: 19), ripple effects toward the French- 339–340). Second, the site of the farm, affiliated islands further east are not a former support base for French impossible in the near future. nuclear weapons testing on other During the review period, the nearby atolls, is already significantly country lost several leaders in the political reviews • polynesia 201 political arena. On 29 August, former “Mama Pare”—an elder and ­cultural Papeete Mayor Louise Carlson (in authority of her home island of office 1993–1995 and the only woman Rurutu, author of an autobiogra­phy so far) passed away at age eighty- (Walker 1999), and mother of Moa­ seven (ti, 30 Aug 2017). Another local naura Walker (mentioned above)— politician, former Moorea Mayor lived to the age of eighty-seven at Teriitepaiatua Maihi, died on 24 Octo- her passing on 2 February (ti, 2 Feb ber aged only sixty-three (ti, 24 Oct 2018). 2017). On 20 February, seventy- six-­year-old businessman, Catholic I acknowledge Oscar Temaru and church administrator, and politician Gaston Flosse for sharing their per- Emmanuel Porlier, who was also a spectives during informal meetings former assembly member, passed before and after the election. Tapura away in Paris (ti, 20 Feb 2018). Two Huiraatira was unresponsive to my days later, former assembly member attempts at contacting the party. for the Tuamotus and government lorenz gonschor minister Moehau Teriitahi, one of the “turncoats” who had been part of virtually every assembly majority References during the political instability of the Ariirau. 2017. Le Païen: Biographie mid-2000s, died aged sixty-seven (ti, romancée. Pirae: Au Vent des Iles. 22 Feb 2018). On 6 April, leader of Bayen, Aurélie. 2017. Discours de séduc- the labor union O Oe To Oe Rima and tion de la Chine: Un nouveau Cargo Cult longtime assembly member Ronald pour la Polynésie française? In L’Océanie Terorotua, another turncoat politician Convoitée: Actes des colloques, edited by instrumental in making and unmaking Sémir Al Wardi, Jean-Marc Regnault, and ­majorities, also passed away prema- Jean-François Sabouret, 102–107. Papeete: turely at age sixty-three (tntv, ‘Api Tahiti; Paris: cnrs Éditions.

7 April 2018). dt, La Depêche de Tahiti. Daily. Tahiti. In the cultural realm, three person- http://www.ladepeche.pf alities passed away at rather young ispf, Institut de la statistique de Polynésie age, including popular radio and tv française. 2002. Le tourisme: Quel impact journalist, composer, and comedian sur l’économie? http://www.ispf.pf/docs/ Mario Brothers on 2 December at default-source/publi-pf-bilans-et-etudes/ age fifty-five (ti, 2 Dec 2017) and PF_2002_n05_Impact_du_Tourisme Wilson Mahuta, a musician, author- _EDT2001.pdf?sfvrsn=0 [accessed ity on traditional percussion, and 26 Aug 2018] jury member of the annual Heiva Le Point. Weekly magazine. Paris. competition, on 4 January, also aged https://www.lepoint.fr fifty-five (ti, 4 Jan 2018). Writer Maclellan, Nic, and Anthony Regan. 2018. Patrick Araia Amaru, a novelist and New Caledonia and Bougainville: Towards playwright in the Tahitian language, a New Political Status? Discussion Paper joined the ancestors on 18 June at the 2018/3. Canberra: Department of Pacific age of sixty (tntv, 18 June 2018). Affairs, The Australian National Univer- In contrast, Taaria Walker, known as sity. 202 the contemporary pacific • 31:1 (2019) otr, Overseas Territories Review. Blog. and Internet news. Tahiti. http://www http://overseasreview.blogspot.com .tahiti-infos.com Pareti, Samisoni. 2017. French in the tntv, Tahiti Nui Télévision (The country House: Pacific Islands Go French. Islands government’s television network). Business, Aug. http://tntv.pf

Polynésie Première (French Polynesia pro- tpm, Tahiti-Pacifique Magazine. gram of Outre-mer Première, the French ­Fortnightly. Tahiti. http://www.tahiti government television network for over- -pacifique.com seas departments and collectivities) http:// United Nations. . Question of French http://la1ere.francetvinfo.fr/polynesie 2017 Polynesia. Resolution adopted by the Gen- Regnault, Jean-Marc. 2017. Formes eral Assembly on 7 December. UN General et méforme de la présence française en Assembly, 72nd session. a/res/72/101. Océanie. In L’Océanie Convoitée: Actes http://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc des colloques, edited by Sémir Al Wardi, .asp?symbol=A/72/PV.66 [accessed 26 Aug Jean-Marc Regnault, and Jean-François 2018] Sabouret, 151–159. Papeete: ‘Api Tahiti; Paris: cnrs Éditions. unesco, United Nations Educational, ­Scientific and Cultural Organization. Rival, Yann. 2017. Investissements étrang- 2018. World Heritage List. http://whc ers en Océanie et développement durable: .unesco.org/en/list/ [accessed 26 Aug Projet de ferme aquacole de Hao et projet 2018] du Mahana Beach. In In L’Océanie Con- voitée: Actes des colloques, edited by Sémir Walker, Taaria. 1999. Rurutu: Mémoires Al Wardi, Jean-Marc Regnault, and Jean- d’avenir d’une île Australe. Papeete: François Sabouret, 337–343. Papeete: Haere Po No Tahiti. ‘Api Tahiti; Paris: cnrs Éditions. rnz, Radio New Zealand. Daily radio and Internet news. Wellington. Māori Issues http://www.radionz.co.nz The general election delivered Saura, Bruno. 2009. Tahiti Mā’ohi: Cul- 2017 ture, identité, religion et nationalisme en twenty-nine members of Parliament Polynésie française. Pirae: Au Vent des Iles. of Māori descent, twenty of whom are in government, with eight of Tahoeraa Huiraatira. 2018a. Abu Dhabi: those becoming ministers. Māori Le mandataire financier du groupe Al also featured in sporting successes, Manhal monte au créneau. Press release. Printed copy in author’s files. especially women’s rugby and men’s softball. At the same time, racism ———. 2018b. Programme Tahiti Nui against Māori became more blatant as 2035 – Des milliers d’emplois. Election decisions to allow Māori to have their program booklet. Printed copy in author’s own representation in local govern- files. ment were all successfully overturned. Tavini Huiraatira. 2018. Servir l’Avenir: Māori continue to be dispropor- Notre programme, avec vous, pour vous! tionately impacted by the effects of Election program booklet. Printed copy in poverty in stark contrast to the Pākehā author’s files. (European) population, which enjoys ti, Tahiti Infos. Weekday daily newspaper relative affluence. That drew criticism