EYLHS Newsletter 22 Winter / Spring 2010

Newsletter of the East Local History Society Front cover: Hull History Centre, Mason Street. Aesthetically best appreciated at night

Subscriptions 2010 Just to remind you that subscriptions are due for renewal on 1 January 2010. Rates remain unchanged at £10 for individuals and £12.50 for UK family and all overseas membership. Unless already paid or arranged by banker’s order please mail remittances as soon as possible to the Membership Secretary at 5 John Gray Court, Main St, Willerby, E Yorks, HU10 6XZ

Contributions

Based in Hull it is not always easy to keep track of events in other parts of the ; news that members could contribute on their town or village should be sent to the editor.

Short articles, illustrated or unillustrated, news on libraries, archives, museums, societies or education, queries other people may be able to answer, etc. for inclusion in future newsletters should also be sent to the editor.

Newsletter Edited by Robert Barnard 825 Anlaby Rd, Hull, HU4 6DJ Telephone 01482 506001 e-mail [email protected]

Published by the East Yorkshire Local History Society Secretary David Smith 114 Telford Street, Hull, HU9 3DY Telephone 01482 706902 e-mail [email protected]

Printed by Kall Kwik, Hull News from the Society

Programme in single file along Moreland Road. PM As usual, the Society has arranged a full Guided tour of New Earswick garden programme of lectures and excursions village built by Joseph Rowntree for 2010. Please support the events Leader: Pat Aldabella and bring along your friends. Please do Time: 10.45am not hesitate to ask for lifts; you will be Cost:£5.00 expected to contribute to petrol. Maximum number 25

PLEASE NOTE: Please make all FRIDAY 11 JUNE 2010 cheques payable to the East Yorkshire Topic: A Walk round Elizabethan Hull Local History Society. All cheques Leader: Helen Good and booking slips should be sent to Time: 2.00pm the relevant named individual at the Cost:£0.00 address on the booking form. Meet at the west door of Holy Trinity church for a 2 hour walk SATURDAY 27 MARCH 2010 Topic: AGM and Sheila Dixon ‘History THURSDAY 8 JULY 2010 of Sculcoates’ Venue: Scawby Hall, near Brigg, home Venue: Hull History Centre, Mason St of the Nelthorpe family. Own transport Time: 2.15pm Leader: Arthur Credland Behind the scenes tours of the History Cost:£5.00 Centre have been arranged for the Maximum 60 people, divided into 4 morning, pease indicate on the groups of 15. 1st group at 1-30pm, 2nd booking slip which time you would 2-15, 3rd 3-00 and 4th 3-45 prefer. A grade 1 Jacobean manor house, in its heyday in the 18th century. Sir John SATURDAY 24 APRIL 2010 Nelthorpe was a patron of George Venue: Blaydes House, Hull Stubbs. Topic: Blaydes House and Far Horizons Speaker: Robb Robinson FRIDAY 16 JULY 2010 Time: 2.15pm Venue: Airmyn Hall, own transport Cost:£2.50 Leader: Pam Martin Maximum number 30 Time: 7.15pm Cost:£3.00 SATURDAY 8 MAY 2010 Maximum number 30 Venue: Skelton and New Easwick, own transport SATURDAY 21 AUGUST 2010 Topic: AM Guided tour of 13th century Venue: Markenfield Hall, near , St Giles church, Skelton, near . own transport Meet at the church at 10-45am, park Leader: Pam Martin

3 Time: 2.00pm please inform the Secretary. Please do Cost:£5.00 not transfer your booking to a relative Maximum number 60 or friend without first consulting the Secretary, whose telephone number SUNDAY 5 SEPTEMBER 2010 can be found on the inside of this Venue: Pryme Street, Anlaby newsletter. Thank you. Synagogue, own transport Topic: The Myth of the Wandering Jew: The origin of the Hull Jewish Review of EYLHS Events Community Speaker: Max Gold Changing Cottingham Time: 2.15pm Pat Elliott - 5 August 2009 Cost:£2.00 Maximum number 40 Pat Elliott led Society members around Cottingham on a rather damp August Trinity House. afternoon; her theme was “Changing One or two tours have been requested Cottingham”. At various points around but as Trinity House can not process the tour we were invited to look at requests until sometime in January we historical photographs of the area and do not have details at time of going consider the changes we could see. to press. Please fill in a booking slip if Some were major, others so small that interested and details will be sent as they are easily missed. soon as possible. Maximum number 15 per tour. We began on the Market Green, which has changed a great deal over the years. Looking at an 1892 copy of the Participation in events Ordnance Survey map and an 1898 As reported in previous years, it has drawing of the area it was clear that not been possible to arrange group the Duke of Cumberland public house insurance for events. We therefore and the neighbouring cottages were strongly recommend that members the only recognisable buildings. The and their friends take out personal latter, now restored, are one of two sets accident/loss insurance, or include of artisans’ cottages remaining in the this in their households policies. We village. would also stress the need for suitable clothing - in particular, sturdy footwear We then moved on to St. Mary’s Church and waterproofs - for outdoor events. where we studied an 1844 illustration of the south side. What had changed Please note there? A different clock – the old one There is usually a waiting list for most was octagonal in shape – and the of the Society’s events. If you book an room above the South Porch has gone, event and then find you cannot attend,

4 demolished by the Rev Charles Overton 2008, expanding the infant school into in the latter half of the 19th century. a primary school and selling off the original buildings. These are about to Then onward to Beck Bank where start a new life as a school run by the up until 1966 the beck still ran above North Moor Education Trust. ground. The large house called Cherry Garth has been replaced by flats of the The walk ended at the front of the same name. It was in the conservatory school where we thanked Pat for a most here that the local Catholics held their enjoyable and informative afternoon. services before Holy Cross Church was built in Carrington Avenue. This area Elaine Moll suffered quite badly in the floods of 2007 and Pat brought us (almost) up to date by reading accounts of the Obituaries flooding from residents of Victoria’s Way. Michael Sewell

We then journeyed past the station The death has taken place in hospital, and up Station Road where we studied after a short illness, on 22 August 2009 an aerial shot of the area c. 1936. The of Michael Sewell (67), a local historian Paley and Donkin works are still there, and naturalist. now partially used by other businesses. However the special railway platform Mike’s early years were spent in for loading and unloading livestock , but when he was has been dismantled. appointed to a post in the Primary School he adopted the town We continued up the snickets to the and its neighbourhood as a subject for back of Hallgate School. We studied a painstaking and productive historical photo of the area taken on 25 June 2007 research. showing the height of the floodwater and Pat spoke of the damage to local On retirement Mike and his wife, properties before moving on to the Pat, used their time profitably by history of the school. It began as a Board studying for, and achieving, degrees School at the end of the nineteenth on Local History; Mike’s thesis became century, increasing in size to house the definitive biography of Joseph an infant department as well as both Armytage Wade (1817-1896) known as girls and boys departments, and finally ‘The King of Hornsea’. There followed a evolving into a Junior School when the steady series of local booklets; Hornsea new Infant School was built on the site Essays, a Twentieth Century Chronicle, of the former rectory next door. The Cook Laking but without doubt his Council took most significant achievement was the decision to close the school in two booklets giving meticulously

5 researched details of Hornsea’s Roll Hornsea essays: aspects of the history of of Honour in World War I and North Hornsea and North , 1999 Holderness’ Roll of Honour in World Hornsea essays 2: more aspects of the War II – both highly though of by history of Hornsea and North Holderness, the Imperial War Museum [his best 2000 piece of historical research is Wade’s Hornsea essays 3: further aspects of the biography]. At the time he was taken history of Hornsea and Holderness, 2002 ill he was engaged on a history of His duty nobly done: the Hornsea roll Hornsea in Victorian times. It is possible of honour of the First World War, 1914- that, in due course, Pat may decide to 1918, 2003 complete this work. Hornsea in the twentieth century: a chronology. Volume I 1901-1925, Mike was also a member of the Bird Hornsea Museum, 2004 Club, a diligent worker for, and in, Hornsea in the twentieth century: a the Hornsea Museum, to which he chronology. Volume II 1926-1950, dedicated the profit on his books. He Hornsea Museum, 2005 was actively associated with a group of We gave our today: the North Holderness regular walkers and enlivened many a roll of honour of the Second World War mile with talk of local matters and bird 1939-1945, 2005 life. ‘The Yorkist invasion of the East Riding, March 1471’, East Yorkshire Historian Mike was in steady demand as a speaker (EYLHS), vol 6 (2005), pp 3-16 whose lectures were all illustrated Hornsea in the twentieth century: a by his own slides. Apart from being chronology. Volume III 1951-1975, informative he had a clear voice and Hornsea Museum, 2006 his slides were always in good order. Hornsea in the twentieth century: a In all his researches and writing he was chronology. Volume IV 1976-2000, assisted and encouraged by Pat. Hornsea Museum, 2005 (Hornsea Museum has a stock of He leaves a widow, two sons, three available copies.) grandchildren and a scholarly achievement of times past researched, Robert Barnard / Frank Hobson recovered and recorded for the enjoyment and enlightenment of John Victor Clarke, 1949-2009 present and future readers. Of course it is important to pay our Frank Hobson respects to the great stars in our world, but it is also necessary to acknowledge Select bibliography: the loss of less meteoric but stalwart Joseph Armytage Wade, 1817 - 1896: representatives of our number. And so ‘The King of Hornsea’, Hornsea Museum, it is with great sadness that I record the 1996

6 death of John Clarke, one of the area’s inevitably the excellent research he quiet enthusiasts. produced never appeared beyond his tutor’s realm. I’m as bad as he was John spent his early years in Newland about this, but please give copies of Park, Hull, where his father was the reasonable local research to your local local Minister at Trinity Methodist library!! church on Newland Avenue. John attended Hymers College from 1960 John (and I) joined EYLHS in early 1975: to 1967, where he developed his our attendance was sporadic but our enthusiasm for history – and rugby. enthusiasm undiminished – though The Clarke family moved to Bridlington John’s was somewhat dented by being in 1963 and soon became part of the on the infamous coach trip to the local community, being particularly in September 1983, involved with Emmanuel Church and when the coach overturned. But he the Conservative Party, in which John did risk several more outings in recent retained a lifelong role. years, including the tour of Lincolnshire churches last year. He was also a long- On leaving school, John passed up standing member of the Bridlington the opportunity to go to university Augustinians to read history and trained as an accountant to equip him to work in his To me, John epitomises ground roots mother’s company, Hollingworth & Co. local history. His life reflects the way timber importers, whose head offices an individual can spotlight links within were in Sunny Bank, Hull and had a a community: follow the trail of a life warehouse at . He worked and it will take you through schools, for Hollingworth’s until it was taken workplaces, hobbies, affiliations and over by Harrison & Crossfield in the memories. 1983, then John became a partner in an accountancy firm of Richardson’s Liz Grove in Bridlington, which gave him easier access to his “extra curricular” activities Dr Keith Allison in his home town, especially his work with youngsters, and his reading. Keith Allison died in November aged 79. Dr Allison was a former Publications Again, takeovers changed his course, Editor of this society and a number of and in 1995 Richardson’s disbanded his works have been published by the and, after a year’ career break, John EYLHS. More significantly Dr Allison fulfilled a lifelong ambition by taking edited the first six volumes of the a degree in archaeology at Durham. Victoria County History: York and the East His particular enthusiasm was for the Riding. One of his last major pieces was operational implications of Roman a volume on the history of Cottingham signal stations of the East Riding –

7 houses published by the Cottingham teachings of the early church with local History Society. them. Their isolation in the west of Britain caused the British-Celtic Church to evolve in isolation from Rome and Arthur G Credland continental Europe. The British-Celtic Christians do not appear to have been It is with great pleasure we note that evangelistic. Once converted, the our Chairman received an MBE for gravest offence was to recant, which services to maritime history in the New the Anglo-Saxons did with some Years honours list. frequency. Almost two centuries after the Anglo-Saxon settlements began, the invaders were still considered a The Conversions temporary inconvenience and efforts to regain the British ‘’ or lost of the North lands were vigorous.

600 AD - The North in relation to its The eastern side of the isle was neighbors comprised of several small county- In the early 7th century, there were sized Anglo-Saxon kingdoms where small tribal Christian communities in one of the kings acted as ‘Bretwalda’, the northeast practicing their faith as or leader among the leaders, to whom they understood it without guidance all other kings paid homage. The Scots or service from a mother church. These raided from beyond Hadrian’s Wall. isolated communities had their origins Britons of the southwest sought to in evangelism during the Roman regain their lands lost to the Germanic occupation which withdrew from the occupation. Two centuries after the North in 380 and from Britain in 403. Roman withdrawal, had a warrior culture like no other. Noble St. Patrick (389-461) brought the households were military households early church to Ireland after extensive designed to protect their kingdom, training in France. In the early 600s and stronger kingdoms strove to there were Irish-Celtic - or what some absorb weaker ones or enforce fealty scholars call Iro-Frankish - missions in from them. Faith was extremely , France, Italy, and Switzerland, personal and all perceived deities were but not in the northeast where pagan respected. from southern Denmark and northern Germany held sway. For the first time since the Roman withdrawal in the early 5th century, The original Britons had been crowded a Roman mission revisited the Isles, to the southwest of Britain (Wales & this time in conquest of souls. In 597, West Country) by Anglo-Saxon-Jute Gregory the Great sent Augustine of invasions and they took the cradle Canterbury at the invitation of King

8 Ethelbert and his German wife Bertha of Kent. Augustine’s efforts at power sharing with the British-Celtic Church were rebuffed. Archaeological digs in suggest that a ruler - probably King Raedwald - did allow his temple at Rendlesham to be shared between pagan and Christian icons. His supposed burial at Sutton Hoo also parallels the dual influence in nature and ancestral deities, and Christian grave goods.

AD 616 - Church and state The Roman Church nearly lost its toe hold on the Isles in 616. Archbishop Lauren, second archbishop after Augustine, had taken exception to the fact that King Eadbald of Kent had married his widowed stepmother. Eadbald informed Lauren that his opinion in matters of state was of no consequence, as was the habit of all Anglo-Saxon kings. Eadbald renounced his baptism and invited the Gregorian mission to leave the island, never to return. By order of the Pope, the sadly misinformed who had ousted the boy heir of Lauren apologized unreservedly and in c.603. Following Edwin’s escape, was publicly scourged or humbled at Ethelric forced Edwin’s sister Acha to Canterbury. Eadbald then elected to marry his son, Ethelfrith. When Edwin be rebaptized. Local rulers who chose came to power after a battle near to be baptized or to renounce their Bawtry on the river Idle, Acha was baptism were uncertainties with which allowed to take her children, including the Roman Church had to contend. the seven sons of Ethelfrith, to exile on the Isle of (Inner Hebrides) - While the Roman Church was finding the famous monastery founded by its place in Kent, the pagan Edwin was Columba of Ireland and from which regaining his birthright in the Angle the Picts were converted to Irish-Celtic kingdoms of Deira (East Yorkshire) and practices as the Scotii of Ireland took (Northumberland). He and control of what is now Scotland. Raedwald defeated the son of Ethelric .

9 The following year Edwin rescued After extensive education, his nieces, Hereswith and Hild, when consultation and warfare, Edwin chose he took (southwest Yorkshire) to be baptized with his household where they were being held by their somewhere near Londesborough father’s assassin, King Ceretic. The in East Yorkshire in 627. At Easter, a toddler Hild would grow up to become mass baptism took place at York for all the founder and Abbess of and comers. A timber church was built to host to the first in 664. commemorate the event amongst the ruins of the Roman army headquarters, Starting in 616 Edwin would take perhaps beneath the south transept of military control from the North Sea to the present Minster. the in the Irish Sea, from the River to Edinburg - the fortress named for him as his northern frontier, creating a united . Defending the peace was known to be a priority. England’s first historian, the Venerable Bede, said of Edwin’s reign that ‘a woman could carry her new born babe across Britain from end to end without fear.’

AD 625 - The conversion of Edwin of Edwin, Goodmanham Northumbria Peace between church and state had stabilized in Kent, and the papal mission Most of what we know about the had made inroads with the East Saxons conversions of the Anglo-Saxon north and Angles. Eadbald’s sister Ethelburga of England is from the Venerable Bede, went to Northumbria accompanied by a Jarrow monk of the 8th century. He Paulinus, newly appointed bishop of had a library of 250 books - the largest the Northumbrians who was charged known book collection of the time, with their conversion to the Roman and Jarrow was the premier education Church from the ancient forest ritual center of western Europe. He wrote a embraced by Northumbrian nobility. retrospective on how the North came Princess Ethelburga married King Edwin to Christianity. Bede outlines for us the of Northumbria who had achieved events of the half century that it took to Bretwalda over all the kingdoms of convert England and paints a colorful England, but Kent. Barbara Yorke refers journey to Roman . to the princesses of the time as ‘peace princesses’ who would marry kings to AD 633 - The death of Edwin and the provide unity among nation states. return of Ethelfrith’s children from Iona

10 At York a stone cathedral and pallium Bamburg was not taken by the Welsh were begun in preparation for papal and Mercian (Midlands) rampage. approval of Edwin’s petition to consecrate Paulinus as an archbishop. The seven sons and heirs to Ethelfrith Before Paulinus could be elevated, and Acha, who had been supplanted Edwin was killed in battle at Hatfield by their uncle Edwin in 616, returned Chase in October 633, and the Roman with troops from Dal Riada (Hebrides) Church lost its advocate in the North. and support from Scotland and Ireland. Cadwalla of Gwynedd (North Wales) In 634 Oswald, Oswy and their sister destroyed the timber church and razed Ebbe brought the Irish Church from the city of York. Paulinus escorted Iona, their place of exile and education. Ethelburga and Enflaeda, Edwin’s seven Aidan, known as the Apostle of the year old daughter, back to Kent where North, began his mission at the mission founded by Augustine was (Holy Island). The learning center of once again confined. He left James Lindisfarne became world-renowned the Deacon, a recluse who lived near and several Anglo-Saxon kingdoms Catterick, in charge of the North’s were converted to Irish practices. It salvation. remains a learning center on a lesser scale to this day.

An established church in England added another option to nobles and citizens alike. The military and agriculture were joined by learning and teaching as career paths. Lindisfarne and Whitby were among the best seminaries for learning in the known world. At the time such institutions were the centers for arts and sciences. Ethelburga, Goodmanham It was a renaissance of idealism in monastic life.

In the North, what ensued was the While Anglo-Saxon kings refused to relapse or death of many a new share their authority with the Church, convert during the Devastation of they did offer patronage. Missionaries the North that lasted a year and took would often carry diplomatic men, women, children, cattle, crops, missions on their host king’s behalf, and any structure standing in a violent lending legitimacy to their message. attempt to erase the land takers. Bishops and abbots where allowed Special attention was given to the royal to accompany the king on his many villages with small timber churches, but progresses and teach their lessons to the crowds that gathered for a noble

11 visit. In this respect, conversions were Synod of Whitby settled the question. peaceful and not subject to the same The Western Roman Church was violent reformations that are attributed instigating the same debate in the to the continental conversions of the Eastern where some time. countries chose to remain orthodox and continue pacing their liturgical Politically, the conversion of the calendar to the Hebrew lunar calendar North was achieved through law and dating Easter on an 84 year cycle. codes establishing bishoprics and After the Synod, English monasteries grants of land; via royal contacts and came into the Roman sphere and Celtic over lordship to client states; royal monks either adopted Benedictine marriage strategies, as with Edwin rule or returned to Iona to continue and Ethelburga; and mass baptisms of practicing the Columban rule. ordinary populations. There were no church buildings, so rivers were popular The Synod of Whitby brought clergy baptismal spots, drawing on the pre- and lay people from throughout Christian belief in river goddesses. England to agree on which church The king remained the leader of the practices to embrace, the Irish-Celtic or church - perhaps a foreshadowing to the Roman. As earlier noted, the two today’s royal leadership of the Anglican ritual systems had evolved separately. Church. The Irish missionaries carried the teachings of the early church in its pre- This 7th century set of kings were Benedictine state. The Roman church living in a transitional culture. The sun had endeavored to distinguish itself was shining once again after decades from other faiths by tweaking liturgy of shadow caused by a volcanic and separating itself from the Hebrew eruption on the other side of the earth. lunar calendar in timing the celebration Governments gained stability, food of the resurrection of Christ. Bishops was more plentiful, health improved, supervised abbots, but the reverse was populations grew, and people had the true in the Irish Church. luxury to consider their souls. The dust of transition was settling across Eurasia, St. and religions became evangelistic Abbess Hild(a) of Whitby would have with their teachings and followings been a witness to many of the growing for Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, pains of faith in the North. She likely Confucianism and Taoism. was present in the mead hall during the assassination attempt in 626 when AD 664 - The Synod of Whitby Lilla, Edwin’s most faithful thane, came Not to be forgotten, the Gregorian between his king and a poisoned mission had increased its influence. dagger. She would have helped When civil war over Celtic versus Ethelburga deliver Edwin’s daughter Roman Christian practices loomed, the who was born after the melee that

12 night. Edwin promised to have the new in Northumbria and start a small born Enflaeda baptized in exchange monastery on one hide of land (120 for victory over the West Saxons, and acres) on the north head land of the he is said to have slain five kings who . Later Aidan called her to the supported the plot. established monastery of Heretu on the Isle of the Hart (Hartlepool) in 649. Hild was a teenager when the family She succeeded Hieu as abbess, who baptism occurred at Londesborough. was the first Northumbrian woman She may have been in the crowd when consecrated to religious life by Aidan. chief pagan priest Coifi rode a war horse from the baptism to burn the In 655, Hild was granted the small Deiran temple at Goodmanham. [If fishing village of Streanashalch you had been a teen of the time, you (Whitby) at the mouth of the river Esk would have been there.] Hild would and ten hides of land to establish an have been at the mass baptism at York abbey. The land was a dowry for King where Edwin and Ethelburga’s new Oswy’s infant daughter with Enflaeda. born and only son was baptized, and Hild was charged with Elflaeda’s then died in his baptismal gown. education. At the age of one year, Elflaeda was given to the church as a perpetual virgin, and was joined at Whitby by her widowed mother in 670. Lilla’s Cross near Fylingdales is thought be a boundary marker for the abbey lands, and may be a tribute to Edwin’s brave thane. Enflaeda and Elflaeda, Edwin’s daughter and granddaughter, would be Hild’s successors as co- abbesses after her death in 680.

Coifi, Goodmanham Generations of native priests and monks were nurtured at the famous library and school of Whitby. Five When Edwin was killed in battle and bishops thrived under Hild’s tutelage his surviving family fled to Kent with alone, including St. John of Beverley. Paulinus, it is believed that Hild went (From Newsletter 21, I see that to Bamburgh in preparation for the some of you visited his birthplace regime change and would have been a at Harpham last May.) She was the defender in the year long siege. Aidan patron of the poet Caedmon who would have been one of her teachers. wrote the first hymns written and sung When she took the veil and planned in the vernacular language, creating to join her sister in France, Aidan is ‘heaven’s fabric’ for the least of us to credited with persuading her to stay hear and know, and contributing to

13 the evolution of a faith accessible to all Breeze, Andrew; Bede’s Hefenfeld and in Old English, which is the foundation the Campaign of 633; Northern History; of the language in which I write. The XLIV(2), September 2007. bard songs spoke of more than the Breeze, Andrew; Bede’s Castella and the ancestors. New heroes were being Journeys of St Chad; Northern History; born in the songs of the scops in the XLVI(1), March 2009. mead halls of Northumbria. Daileader, Philip; The Early Middle Ages, 12 lectures, The Teaching Co. 2004 There is symmetry to the fact that Herbert, Kathleen; Peace-Weavers and Hild helped to broker that peace - a Shield-Maidens; Anglo-Saxon Books, peace that would influence England 2006. for centuries to come at a Synod Herbert, Kathleen; Looking for the Lost that continues to meet to this day. Gods of England; Anglo-Saxon Books, A princess of Deira, orphaned by 2007. assassination, adopted by a king, she Pollington, Stephen; The Mead Hall; became the counselor of kings; Hild Anglo-Saxon Books, 2003. was honed for the veil. Just an aside, in Spencer, Bonnell; Ye Are the Body: A the Old English of the time ‘Hild’ means People’s History of the Church, Holy ‘battle’. She is renowned for her orderly Cross, 1961. discipline, likely learned from being The Staffordshire Hoard, raised in a military household, and her staffordshirehoard.org.uk (a Mercian love of knowledge. She certainly had hoard of the period). some of the best teachers of the time. Yorke, Barbara; The Conversion of Britain: 600-800, Pearson Education Ltd, The Celtic saints have not been 2006. forgotten in the ensuing centuries and are depicted in glass at Bishopthorpe Candace Fish, Mantel Pilgrim Palace chapel (see Newsletter 21, page Whitefish, MT, USA 11), and throughout Northumbria of [email protected] which East Yorkshire was once a part. At Goodmanham’s All Hallows Church you will see in glass the figures of Bede, The Quaker Paulinus, Edwin, Ethelburga, Coifi and James the Deacon. Burial Ground,

Further study: Spring Bank Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Online Medieval and Classical Library, http://omacl.org/ Some of the benefits which the people Anglo of Hull enjoy today where initiated Bede, Ecclesiastical History of the English in the 19th and early 20th century Nation, Loeb Library, reprinted 1996. though it is interesting to reflect that

14 the roots of these improvements had of journeys mainly round the north of their origins many centuries earlier. England meeting sympathisers, formed The Religious Society of Friends, In England the mid 1600s the Crown popularly known as the Quakers. It is appointed certain ‘top families’ to not surprising that these dissenters control such things as tax assessment from the prevailing social order were and collection, the activity of the regarded with suspicion, if not fear, militia, criminal trials, the application of by the ruling groups who saw them as laws and, importantly for our story, the challenging their authority as well as enforcement of religious uniformity. the authority of the Church of England. Such was the power of the Crown that However, in the late 1600s although people such as teachers, academics, the authority of Church appeared to preachers and writers were obliged to have been consolidated it actually support the ideas handed down from lacked the control it previously had ‘above’ whether they agreed with them and this directly contributed to the or not and these dictates included growth of the non conformist groups those of the Anglican Church. Indeed and in particular the Quakers. during the restoration of the monarchy following the time of Cromwell (when Hull, like many other towns, was Charles II came to the throne) the suspicious of the Quakers and in the authority of the elite was even stronger mid 1600s a Quaker ‘plot’ was suspected and the inter-reliance of the King and to be fomenting in Holderness and in the ruling classes and vice versa was 1659 the Quakers refusal to pay the recognised by both groups. England parish tax led them to be abused by the thus found itself divided between the authorities. By the late 1700s there was minority that ‘had’ and ‘conformed’ more, though certainly not complete, and those that ‘hadn’t’ and didn’t want religious tolerance in England and in to ‘conform’ and this non conformity 1788 in Hull the Bench provided the to the prevailing religious tenets was Quakers with candles to light their quite strong. The song The Vicar of Bray windows in the hope of dissuading (“– and what so ever King may reign, I’ll revellers celebrating the centenary still be the Vicar of Bray, Sir.”) satirically of (when William tells how a clergyman was able to and Mary came to the throne) from adapt his preaching to any political smashing them! The exclusion of the changes at this time. It is against this Quakers from civic affairs, including backdrop that Quakerism was born. Parliament (which actually may have saved them money) coupled with their The founder of the movement was beliefs is thought to have had a bearing George Fox who, in his late teens, on their role in the industrialisation became disillusioned with the Church of Hull and other places as many of England, its trappings, rituals and embraced business and manufacturing formalities and who, following a series rather than civic positions. Examples,

15 to name but a few, of Quaker founded the company that we are familiar with industries are Cadbury, Fry, Rowntree’s, and, to cut a long story short, the rest, Terry’s, Clarke’s and K’s shoes, Huntley as we are wont to say, is history! and Palmers, Bryant and May, Ransoms of Ipswich and of course in Hull, Reckitts In the 1800s the majority of Hull and Priestmans. It’s extraordinary, as people lived in poor, unsanitary and Sir Adrian Cadbury has noted, that in overcrowded conditions, some rooms 1800 the Quakers, who were only 0.2% actually being below the water table of the population, had such an effect at high tide. Problematic employment, on England’s industrialisation and he low and erratic wages, lack of schooling has suggested several of their beliefs and opportunity were their lot and which could have been relevant to poverty stalked the town. The poor and their industrial success. For instance, destitute were handed old bread from they believed in the equality of people the back pews of St Mary’s Lowgate, and respected their employees’ input the workhouse was the inevitable end into a business. They had the ability for some. The gulf between ‘capital’ and to inspire trust in employees and their ‘labour’ was the same as it had been for moral outlook on business dealings centuries. It was towards alleviating was consistent. They adopted a less these unsatisfactory conditions that heavy handed decision making process James and associates addressed by taking note of employee’s ideas themselves. and wishes and had a great belief in education. Under James the fortunes of the company prospered and made him a And so to the Reckitt family of Hull. wealthy man but it seems his Quaker beliefs did not separate his good In 1819 Isaac Reckitt (1792-1862) began fortune from those of the less fortunate a flour milling business in Boston with and it was with these people in mind he his brother Thomas (1786-1862). Here became a major benefactor to the city. Isaac and his wife Anne (nee Coleby It concerned him that while he lived 1796-1875) had seven children, Charles comfortably (see footnote) very many (1819-1842), Elizabeth (1821-1881), did not. The list of his and his associates Fredrick Isaac (1823-1912), George benefits to the city and country is long (1825-1900), and Francis (1827-1917). and varied, ranging from a library; a In 1833 Isaac moved to Nottingham public boating lake; technical college; where he developed a corn business recreation ground and sports facilities; on his own and it was here that James schools; Hull University; orphan homes; (later Sir) Reckitt (1833-1924) and his a hospital; convalescent and holiday younger sister Constance (1835 -1847) homes; an art gallery; almshouses; were born. However, in 1840 Isaac and a Garden Village in Hull. This bought a small starch making factory housing development was opened in in Hull thus founding , 1908 and must have been an arcadia

16 to those who were raised out of the cemetery. The fine original entrance terrible housing conditions of the time. (Cemetery Gates) on Prince’s Avenue Space, running water and WCs must were replaced by shops and the main have lifted the spirits of those lucky entrance, with its stone columns, was enough to live there. To develop our opened along the north side of Spring story further we should consider the Bank West. The cemetery was laid out fate of Hull’s departed. Anglican burials with curving gravel paths and its park prior to 1850 were usually in parish like appearance appealed to many. graveyards, many of these being small For some in the 1800s it was a place though other cemetery’s included for quiet contemplation, an aspect Jewish, Roman Catholic, the German appreciated in the 1960s and 70s by the Church, Independent, Methodist poets Philip Larkin and John Betjeman. and Quaker ones. There are some 48 churchyards and cemeteries within the In 1855 the Quakers took a 999 year Hull boundary and as cremation was lease on an area of un-consecrated not legal until 1885 (the Road (or 2rd class) ground sufficient for crematorium opening in 1901 and 400 graves. This was in the centre of the Chanterlands Avenue North one the cemetery and is currently best in 1961), the dead had to be interred approached from the path that runs somewhere. Unfortunately by the north/south across the cemetery 1800s the pressure on burial space from the pedestrian crossing near was severe and the cholera outbreaks Bransdesburton Street, off Spring of 1832 and 1849 caused terrible Bank, to Thoresby Primary School. The problems in burying the victims of entrance to the burial ground is though the disease. In 1846 some leading the fence on the left of the path. The townspeople took a joint stock option cost of this area was £100 with an of one thousand £10 shares to form additional charge of two guineas for the Hull General Cemetery Company each adult grave plus eleven shillings and the 20 acre General Cemetery for each burial and half this cost for was opened in 1847. Its opening was children under 12. For burials in the rather fortuitous as the victims of the same plot the two guineas fee was 1849 Cholera outbreak could now waived. Although the last burial in be buried decently rather than in the the General Cemetery was 1971 the old overcrowded cemeteries which final one in the Quaker plot was in risked a continuance of the disease. 1974 of Philip Dent Priestman OBE, The cemetery stretched from behind LLD, J.P. (1892-1974). Since the General the shops on the south west end of Cemetery was taken over by Hull CC in Princes’ Avenue westward towards 1972 the shape of the Quakers plot has Chanterlands Avenue though 5 acres probably changed slightly becoming was added in 1859 by the Local Board elongated north south. This seems to of Health. The old Western Cemetery, be due to the erection of a chain link opened in 1861, butts up to this fence and the donation of part of the

17 Quaker graves in the General Cemetery. Nearest grave is that of Isaac Reckitt and his wife Anne. Far left at the foot of Isaac’s grave is the headstone of Sir James Reckitt and his wife Kathleen. Quakers plot as a path for the use of for the company in Hull. Those with an the general public. * worked for the firm. In accordance with Quaker philosophy the graves So who is buried in this rather slightly are identical in that they have a simple overgrown and over looked plot in headstone and stone surround. The the General Cemetery? The answer is date inscription conforms to a Quaker a number of Hull’s great industrialists, norm of the time and appears as, for businessmen and benefactors. Among example, ‘ISAAC RECKITT/ died 7th of the 85 Quaker graves are buried the the 3rd month 1862’. Goods (shipping and travel), Kitchings (doctors, surgeons, pharmacists and Because the Reckitts were Quakers dentists), Thorps (merchants), Wests they sent their children away to Quaker (milling and seed crushing), Priestmans schools such as Ackworth School (engineering) and of course the (1779- present) near , Oliver’s Reckitts, some of whom were directly Mount School (opened 1865, closed involved with the company in Hull. 1891?) in Scarborough and the Mount (1784 -1814 and 1831- present) in York. The paragraph below shows who of One or two of the Reckitt’s children the Reckitts is buried in the Quakers died while away at school which is why section, their date and cause of death, they are not buried in Hull. As was a if available from the burial records. It common practice at the time a grave also gives, where appropriate, their may contain up to three related people. relationship to the Reckitts who worked

18 Isacc Reckitt* (d 1862 of Erysipelas – 1864 of consumption), Sarah Reckitt (d a Strepto-coccal skin infection), the 1907 of heart failure). founder of the company is buried with his wife Ann (d 1875 of bronchitis and Footnote: Listed at The Swanland paralysis) at the north end of the plot. Manor, Ferriby in the 1901 Census were The cremated remains of both Sir James James Reckitt, Kathleen Reckitt (wife), a Reckitt* (d 1924) and his wife Kathleen Cook, a Lady’s Maid, four House Maids, (d 1923) lie in the same grave at the a Kitchen Maid, a Scullery Maid, two foot of Isaac’s. Frederic Isaac Reckitt* (d footmen, a gardener and his wife and 1912) and his second wife Mary Jane (d two daughters and a 2nd Coachman. 1910 of cancer) lie together next to his Presumably the 1st Coachman was first wife Elizabeth (d 1889 of cerebral away. paralysis) south of Isaac towards the middle of the plot. Then variously, Mary So, for now, that’s where this story of Anne (d 1867 of an embolism of the the Reckitts of Hull can be left except pulmonary artery) who was the wife to perhaps prompt readers to ask what, of Francis Reckitt* (buried elsewhere), if any, benefits they may have received Florence Elizabeth Reckitt (d 1862, 8 from the development of the firm. months of convulsions) and Charles Ernest Reckitt (d 1862, 4 months of Well for my part --- in 1909 my maternal diarrhoea) children of George Reckitt* grandparents moved, with my mother (buried elsewhere) and his wife, aged 4, from poor accommodation Elizabeth Sarah (buried elsewhere). off Spivee St to ‘the sunny uplands’ The other 9 children of George Reckitt of Lilac Avenue, Garden Village. They are buried elsewhere but George thought it wonderful. My maternal Reckitt and his wife were predeceased great grandmother ended her life by 7 of them, most of them in in the Reckitts Almshouse there. My childhood. Harriet Thorpe Reckitt (d father, Laurie Coulson, worked for the 1870 of diarrhoea and bronchitis) wife company all his life either in Hull, Paris of John Reckitt, John Reckitt (d 1880 or Liverpool and my mother, Peggy of natural decay was Isaac’s brother Coulson, worked for them for a few and Harriet’s husband). Several of years before their marriage. Both drew John and Harriet’s children are buried pensions until the age of 85 and 98 here; John Reckitt (d 1889 of paralysis respectively. As a family in the 1950s and bronchitis), Ada Reckitt (d 1819), we used the Reckitt’s dentist (refered to Emma Reckitt (d 1831 of paralysis), by us as Torquemada, the 15th century Fanny Reckitt (d 1891 of paralysis), head of the Spanish Inquisitions!) and Harriet Reckitt (d 1897 of paralysis and of course the Ferens swimming baths (T heart failure), Maria Reckitt (d 1903 of R Ferens. Clerk, 1868 and Director 1879 old age), Henry Dawson Reckitt (d 1862 – 1888) as did my own children and of consumption), Mary Jane Reckitt (d nieces. We used the recreation facilities of YPI both at the old site and new and

19 my father was a player and Chairman book he has been joined by Laurence of the cricket club for many years. As Turner who has had a life-long interest a doctoral student at the University in mills, especially in the West Riding. of Hull I held the Reckitt Research Studentship, originally the W H Slack After an introduction and an (Director 1904-1937) bursary and like, explanation of terminology and the many others, I frequent the Ferens Art development of windmills, the first Gallery in Hull. And so it goes on – the section of the book illustrates about Quaker benefactors who started and 20 of the early post mills, all of which, developed the Reckitt’s firm in Hull apart from East Cowick mill at , have probably touched lives of many have been demolished and have left no and no doubt will continue to do so. trace. There is a fine photograph of a tall Chris Coulson mill that used to be in Anlaby adjacent to Hull. This shows the wooden box Acknowledgements: My thanks or buck that contained the machinery go to Pat Coulson for help with the supported on the central post by genealogical research and to David quarter bars and cross trees. Anlaby Borrill of the Religious Society of Mill had an open trestle whereas later Friends for the costs involved with the post mills had a roundhouse built Quaker cemetery. around the trestle, to protect it from the weather and also to give more This is an amended version of an article storage space. Wetwang, Skirlaugh that appeared as a web supplement and Ganstead were good examples in to Contact, the magazine of Reckitt the East Riding and Thorne and Nun Benckiser Pensioners’ Association Monkton in the West Riding. February 2009 The second section is on early tower mills, substantial but stocky buildings, Book Reviews mostly of brick but some in the West Riding and the few in the North Riding Roy Gregory & Laurence Turner. near Whitby were built of stone. Towards Windmills of Yorkshire. Stenlake the end of the eighteenth century the Publishing Ltd., 2009, ISBN price of bread increased dramatically. 9781840334753, £13.95 In 1795 certain poor inhabitants of Roy Gregory began to take a serious Hull `` to preserve themselves from the interest in mills when in 1974 he was invasions of covetous and merciless given charge of Skidby Mill as Chief men``, that is the commercial millers, Executive Officer for Beverley Borough formed the Anti-Mill Society. Members Council. Roy has written two previous paid a subscription for the building of a books on windmills: East Yorkshire mill, opened in 1797, where they could Windmills in 1985 and The Industrial get cheaper flour. The idea spread and Windmill in Britain in 2005. For this new these cooperative mills, termed anti,

20 subscription or union mills were built windmills were used to grind corn in Hull, Beverley, Whitby, Pontefract into flour, smaller and often skeletal and Kilham. The Anti-Mill and the mills and wind pumps were used to Subscription Mill in Hull both had five pump water from brickworks. Other sails instead of four, said to be more mills were used for industrial purposes: efficient, unless one sail came off. to crush seeds for their oil as in Hull; chalk for whiting as at ; raw At the end of the eighteenth century materials for paints and dyes; clay for and well into the nineteenth many brickmaking; and for use in the pottery large tower mills were built in the East industry and to generate electricity. Riding and the less hilly parts of the West Riding. The towers of many of In more recent times several mills have these survive, some to their full height, been converted into houses, pubs and others truncated. The only one still in hotels. working order is at Skidby between Hull and Beverley, but hopefully The book will be of interest to the Holgate Mill in York will turn to the general reader as well as to the mill wind when restoration is complete. enthusiast. The 170 plus photographs Skidby and Holgate are two mills that are excellent, especially of Stutton have had extra floors added to allow Mill on the front cover, and the text warehouses to be built adjoining the is informative without being too tower; others are at Bempton, Yapham technical. At £13.95 it is good value and Hunmanby. and is highly recommended.

A few windmills were built next to Geoff Percival existing watermills as at Cottingham, Goodmanham and Ellerker. Smock John Markham St Leonard’s church - tower mills built of wood were fairly at the heart of Molescroft, Beverley common in East Anglia and the south Minster 2009, £3.50 of England, where the climate is drier, Although in a prominent position on but rare in Yorkshire, the only example a roundabout St Leonard’s is perhaps being Broadbent`s Mill in . not one of the most visited churches in the East Riding. However, Dr Markham Windmills have always been subjected does an excellent job of not only to the vagaries of the wind. In the documenting the development of second half of the nineteenth century the church but also how it fitted into steam power was added to several mills the expanding community and the to allow them to work whatever the personalities involved throughout its weather; examples were at Keyingham, history. St Leonard’s replaced a Mission Lelley, Sutton and Walkington in the Room, location unknown, but prior to East Riding and at Dalton Brook and the 1880s Sunday services were held in Kippax in the West Riding. Whilst most a Molescroft farmhouse kitchen.

21 St Leonard’s is described in Pevsner as 103pp, illustrated throughout, a ‘pleasing yellow brick mission church £12.95. ISBN 978-0-9545605-9-1. in simple E E style’, which perfectly A well organised and very readable sums it up. The church was built in 1896 volume which records military aviation and designed by Hawe and Foley who in the East Riding during the Great War were also responsible for the infirmary and immediately afterwards. It begins and entrance arch to Beverley Union with a brief sketch of civil flying starting Workhouse (Westwood Hospital). The with the ‘Newington’ monoplane, 1909, dedication is an unusual one but Dr of Thomas Bell a maritime engineer, Markham points out that the main which apparently never left the fund raiser for the new church was Rev ground; then the monoplane made up Leonard Hughes and hopes that is not by Gordon Armstrong, mainly of Bleriot a coincidence. parts, which made a brief flight on the Beverley Westwood the following During the Second World War it had year. Robert Blackburn, an engineer been rumoured that St Leonard’s from , made experimental flights closed for the duration, however, from and eventually founded the Dr Markham clearly demonstrates it Blackburn Aircraft Co. at Brough, now functioned normally although the BAE Systems. number of communicants was usually small, probably due to blackout The Royal Naval Air Service was given restrictions. The post war rapid the task of Home Defence and gradually development of Molescroft resulted in built up bases around Britain to St Leonard’s acquiring an enthusiastic intercept German aircraft and airships, congregation and Dr Markham gives though not quickly enough to give accounts of some of its leading lights. Hull protection from its first Zeppelin An extension built in 1979 resulted in attack. On the evening of 6/7 June more events being held at St Leonard’s; 1915 Zeppelin L9 dropped 13 High a further extension was erected in 2001. Explosive bombs and 50 incendiaries The book concludes with a description resulting in 24 deaths and more than of the four day flower festival held 27 people injured and the loss of many in September 2009, indicating St landmark buildings in Hull’s old town. Leonard’s still has a positive role in the The only resistance was from the guns life of Molescroft. of HMS Adventure then under repair at Earles shipyard, there was otherwise Robert Barnard no defence whatever. Airfields were established on Beverley Westwood, Geoffrey Simmons East Riding and also at Hornsea Mere for airfields 1915-1920 Flight Recorder floatplanes of the coastal patrol and Publications 2009 (Crecy Publishing, subsequent raids were less and less Manchester; www.crecy.co.uk) damaging: 5/6 March 1916, L11, 9 killed and 12 injured; 9 August 1916,

22 10 killed and 11 injured; 25 September scholarship lightly but it could not 1917, L41, 3 injured; and finally 12 have been written without a close and March 1918, L63, 1 killed. deep knowledge of a wide variety of contemporary records, which gives us There are chapters, with many rare insights into life in rural Holderness photographs, of the aerodromes and the farming year, the relationship (remains of which have almost totally between clergy and laity, the nature vanished), the aircraft involved, the of the coasting trade from Hull to anti-U boat operations from the RNAS London, coaches and hostelries, the station at , and appendices cumbersome process of justice and listing the air squadrons involved, and venality of prison keepers. details of the casualties from the Hull air raids. Bibliography and index complete A few characters are invented to round the book with details of photographic off the story but all the principals are sources; particular mention should be real persons and the book is completed made of those, in the Hull Museum, by a dramatis personae, a list of sources recording the Zeppelin damage in Hull. and photographs of key documents, reproductions of relevant prints of Arthur G. Credland York gaol and the condemned cell and a section of the enclosure map of Martin Murder by the sea - a Owthorne. tale of murder, intrigue, love justice in the reign of good Queen Anne 2009 Arthur G Credland Published by the author. Annotated and with illustrations of Holderness New Publications and relevant documents; £7.95. ISBN 978-0-9564072-0-7. Richard Jones The Great Gale This is a very readable tale which (Bridlington) 2009 creates a convincing picture of life in Holderness at the beginning of the John Markham St Leonard’s church - at eighteenth century. The murder of the heart of Molescroft Beverley Minster the Rev Henock Sinclare is a matter 2009, £3.50. Available from Beverley of record, albeit a very sparse and Minster shop and Andrew Hancock, 1 incomplete one but the author has Alpha Avenue, Beverley, HU17 7JD created a convincing picture of the events leading up to his death in 1708, Wally Simpkin Fishing Cobles and the eventual discovery of his body four Carriers’ Carts, £9.50. On sale at Sokells, years later and the arraignment of his Drifield or from Mr G I Simpkin, Tirolex, niece Mary and servant Adam Alvin Downe St, Driffield, YO25 6DX at York assizes. Mary was acquitted but Alvin convicted and hanged. A Stroll Around Sutton Village It reads like a novel and wears its Conservation Area, £3 available from

23 Sutton post Office. Based on 1997 notes contribute on their town or village by Christopher Ketchell, illustrated by should be sent to the editor. Ken Cooke Beverley Martin Craven Murder by the Sea 2009 Every Friday 10am – 4pm - Beverley £7.95 + £1.20 p&p,available from 43 Guildhall Community Museum, Davenport Avenue, Hessle, HU13 0RN Register Square, Beverley open free of charge. Adrian Wynn Spurn Point photographs 2005-2009, Contours 2009£14.99 inc Every day – The Treasure House, p&p. Available from Yorkshire Wildlife Champney Road, Beverley open - Trust information centre, Spurn Point combining East Riding Archives, or http://www.adrianwynn.com Beverley Local Studies Library & ERYC Museum displays - ‘The Treasures of the Roy Gregory & Laurence Turner East Riding’ exhibition in Gallery One Windmills of Yorkshire 2009 £13.95 and a frequently changing temporary Stenlake Publishing Ltd exhibition.

Tony Watts Holmes Of The Humber 2009 Hedon Lodestar Books £25 Hedon Museum: The Hedon Room – Hedon Museum, behind the Town Hall, Geoffrey Simmons East Riding Airfields St Augustine`s Gate, Hedon (10am – 1915-1920 2009 Flight Recorder 4pm Weds. and Sats. only) Publications (Crecy Publishing) £12.95 Tel (01482) 890908 for further details of current exhibitions Ian Wolstencroft and Rob Haywood Sutton on Hull: Portrait of a village (DVD) Hull £10 + £1.20 p&p. Available from the History Centre Church Office, Church St, Sutton or The History Centre houses collections Sutton Exhibition Centre from the former Hull City Archives, Hull Local Studies Library and the Barbara Robinson with added chapter University of Hull archives. It will open by John Markham Hull Daily Mail: fully to the public on 25 January 2010 A Part of the Community Highgate and further information can be found Publications, 2009 £7.50 at www.hullhistorycentre.org.uk. The Tuesday lunchtime talks formerly held Regional News in the Central Library have already transferred to the History Centre, Based in Hull it is not always easy to programme details, when available, keep track of events in other parts of from David Smith, David.Smith@hullcc. the Riding; news that members could gov.uk

24 Carnegie Heritage Centre The Group meets weekly on Thursdays The Carnegie Heritage Action Team 10am-12noon. Contact the secretary, was formed in June 2006 with the Margaret Justice, 4 Harbour Way, Hull, sole aim of rescuing the building from HU9 1PL 07760 165364, mej4@hotmail. further decline, and to preserve the co.uk or the chair, David Sherwood, unique space as a local history and 9 Simson Court, Beverley HU17 9ED family history resource centre. mob. 07799 357262 for information of meetings, visits and local history walks. The centre received an early boost www.hulllocalhistory.org.uk when the East Yorkshire Family History Society agreed to base their operations Skidby from Carnegie, and they now store Every day 10am – 5pm - Skidby their resources and stock within the Windmill and Museum of East Riding building. They also hold their monthly Rural Life, Skidby open each day 10am- meetings at the centre on the third 5pm – admission adults £1.50, children Tuesday of most months, when 50p, OAPS 80p everyone is welcome to attend. www.eyfhs.org.uk Sutton Every Friday 10am – 2pm – The Sutton Following the closure of the council Exhibition Room and Resource bindery on Chanterlands Avenue, two Centre - History of Sutton village of the former staff set up a bindery exhibition – Sutton C of E Educational business of their own, and we were Resource Centre, the Old School, pleased to offer them a home within Church Street, Sutton 10am – 2pm The our centre. The Bindery is open five Sutton Exhibition Room and Resource days a week from 8.30 am until 11.30 Centre open every Friday from 10am am. The Bindery is not open in the until 2pm. Admission free. Coffee and afternoons. biscuits 50p. www.haveitbound.com

We also have a stock of local books Local History for sale on behalf local book dealer Alex Alec-Smith. Alex has been a long- Meetings & Events standing supporter of our centre and we are happy to have found her space 18 January 2010 - Treasure House, within the centre for her purpose-built Beverley - East Riding’s Secret Resistance bookcase. - Alan Williamson - booking essential, www.alexalec-smithbooks.co.uk £3, 6.00pm

Hull & District Local History Research 20 January 2010 - East Riding Group Archaeological Society - Dr Steve Malone - The landscape of the Witham valley

25 with new evidence from LiDAR survey Concert Room, Central Library, Vernon - All lectures are held at Hull University, Road, Scarborough. Fee £2. Enquiries: Cottingham Rd, Hull, at 7.30pm in room Kate Flounders, Secretary SAHS, S1, floor 1 of the Wilberforce Building. telephone 01723 374973, web www. Lectures are open to ERAS members scarborough-heritage.org. and the public (non-members £1.) For more information please contact Rose 9 February 2010 - Hedon and District Nicholson on 07770 470443. Local History Society - 7.30pm Church Room, Hedon - Tony Baker: The History 25 January 2010 - Bolton and Fangfoss of Hull Prisons Local History Group - Jon Kenny “Community Archaeology in Greater 12 February to 11 April 2010 - Treasure York”. 7.30pm in Bolton Chapel House, Beverley - Silver, a Beautiful Metal - an exhibition by the of 26 January 2010 - Carnegie Heritage Hull Silversmiths. Centre - The Development of Hull in the 19th century - Shelia Coates - 7.30pm, 13 February 2010 - Treasure House, donation of £1. Beverley - Directories Workshop - booking essential, £3, 6.00pm. 3 February 2010 - Cottingham Local History Society - The Scandalous Case 17 February 2010 - East Riding of Thelwall v Yelverton, 1861 - Red Hall, Archaeological Society - Dr Peter Halkon Hallgate Primary School, £1 members - - Archaeology and environment in a £2 nonmembers changing East Yorkshire landscape: The Foulness Valley c. 800 BC to c. AD 400 - 3 February 2010 - Treasure House, All lectures are held at Hull University, Beverley - Hidden Treasures Revealed - Cottingham Rd, Hull, at 7.30pm in room Sam Bartle - 12 noon. S1, floor 1 of the Wilberforce Building. Lectures are open to ERAS members 7 February 2010 - Carnegie Heritage and the public (non-members £1.) For Centre - Hull in the 60s - Alan Richards - more information please contact Rose 1.30pm, donation of £1. Nicholson on 07770 470443.

8 February 2010 – Hull Civic Society - 18 February - and District The Jacobs Family of Hull – Norman Local History Group - ‘Pocklington in the Staveley, 7.30 pm at the Quality Hotel last 50 years’ - a workshop - Bring along Royal, Ferensway your old school photos or any other photos for face recognition. What were 8 February 2010 - Scarborough the main businesses in Pocklington Archaeological and Historical Society in recent years? - lets investigate the - Professor Pete Rawson - Building past from living memories! The Old stones in Scarborough - 7.30pm in the

26 Court House, George Street. 7.30pm. 13 March 2010 - Treasure House, Admission £2.00 Beverley - Newspaper Workshop - booking essential, £3, 6.00pm. 22 February 2010 - Bolton and Fangfoss Local History Group - Phil Gilbank 13 March 2010 - Yorkshire Vernacular “Thomas Bishop - a most expert Buildings Study Group - Vernacular mischief maker”. 7.30pm in Bolton Buildings of Market Towns - At the Chapel annual day school, to be held again this year at Leeds Metropolitan University 23 February 2010 - Carnegie Heritage Headingley Campus, we will examine Centre - Hull History Centre - Martin the vernacular buildings of market Taylor - 7.30pm, donation of £1. towns in Yorkshire. In addition one paper will look at the work and role of 3 March 2010 - Cottingham Local History in our understanding Society - A new look at Hull’s historic of these buildings and another will buildings - David Neave - Red Hall, consider what the buildings tell us Hallgate Primary School, £1 members - about the way people lived in the £2 nonmembers eighteenth century. Secretary: David Crook, 18 Sycamore Terrace, Bootham, 7 March 2010 - Carnegie Heritage Centre York YO30 7DN. Tel: 01904 652387, - Battalions of Hull, WWII - Charles Email: [email protected] Dinsdale - 1.30pm, donation of £1 17 March 2010 - East Riding 8 March 2010 - Hull Civic Society - Archaeological Society - Dr David Yorkshire Film Archives – Graham Walker - Experimental pottery kiln Relton, 7.30 pm at the Quality Hotel firings - recent research - All lectures Royal, Ferensway are held at Hull University, Cottingham Rd, Hull, at 7.30pm in room S1, floor 1 9 March 2010 - Hedon and District Local of the Wilberforce Building. Lectures History Society - Presidential Evening in are open to ERAS members and the the Town Hall - Dr John Markham: Sir public (non-members £1.) For more Thomas Aston Clifford Constable MP information please contact Rose Nicholson on 07770 470443. 11 March 2010 - British Association for Local History - guided visit - Winchester 18 March 2010 - Hessle Local History College Library and the Chantry Society - Hull and the Great War - Barry Chapels of the Cathedral. Booking Barnes - Hessle Town Hall, 7.15pm. forms and details available from BALH website or BALH(V) PO Box 6549, 18 March 2010 - Pocklington and District Somersal Herbert, Ashbourne, DE6 Local History Group - “The workings of 5WH the Poor Law – inside and outside the Workhouse” by Derek Wileman. Derek

27 will use the Southwell Workhouse of Philip Chignell - Hessle Town Hall, as the “model” for describing the 7.15pm. workings of the system, but will also use material he has researched on 21 April 2010 - East Riding the Pocklington Work House. The Old Archaeological Society - AGM followed Court House, George Street. 7.30pm. by Rod Mackey - Andies, Incas and Admission £2.00 Indians - recollections of the Cusicha project in Peru - All lectures are held 23 March 2010 - Carnegie Heritage at Hull University, Cottingham Rd, Hull, Centre - Growing up in a Fishing at 7.30pm in room S1, floor 1 of the Community - Alec Gill MBE - 7.30pm, Wilberforce Building. Lectures are open donation of £1. to ERAS members and the public (non- members £1.) For more information 29 March 2010 - Bolton and Fangfoss please contact Rose Nicholson on Local History Group - Andrew Jones 07770 470443. “Ancient lavatories’ ”. 7.30 in Bolton Chapel 22 April 2010 - Treasure House, Beverley - : 150 Years of Change 4 April 2010 - Carnegie Heritage Centre - Enid Greenwood - booking essential, - Memories of Newington - 1.30pm, £3, 6.00pm. donation of £1. 23-25 April 2010 - British Association 7 April 2010 - Cottingham Local History for Local History - conference - Lincoln Society - AGM and illustrated talk by ‘Researching and writing local histories Geoff Bell - Red Hall, Hallgate Primary of the 20th century’. Booking forms and School, £1 members - £2 nonmembers details available from BALH website or BALH(V) PO Box 6549, Somersal 14 April 2010 - Treasure House, Beverley Herbert, Ashbourne, DE6 5WH - Hidden Treasures Revealed - Sam Bartle - 12 noon. 26 April 2010 - Bolton and Fangfoss Local History Group - Michael Usherwood 15th April 2010 – Hull Civic Society - “Bomber Command in East Yorkshire”. 7 pm Quality Hotel Royal - Annual 7.30 in Bolton Chapel General Meeting, followed at 7.30 by The History of Hull’s Parks and Gardens 2 May 2010 - Carnegie Heritage Centre - – Paul Schofield. Grandads House - Chris Scott - 1.30pm, donation of £1. 15 April 2010 - Hessle Local History Society - From Our Home 14 - 16 May 2010 - Yorkshire Vernacular Correspondent: selected readings Buildings Study Group - Annual by Margaret Farrow from the letters Recording Conference - To be held in the East Riding, as part of the ‘Timber-

28 Framed Buildings in the Historic 15 July 2010 - Hessle Local History East Riding and City of Hull’ project. Society - Discussion forum - Hessle Secretary: David Crook, 18 Sycamore Town Hall, 7.15pm. Terrace, Bootham, York YO30 7DN. Tel: 01904 652387, Email: yvbsgenquiries@ 19 August 2010 - Hessle Local History btinternet.com Society - Bridgemaster (Humber Bridge) - Peter Hill - Hessle Town Hall, 7.15pm. 20 May 2010 - Hessle Local History Society - A life in Hessle - Frank Kitchen 6 September 2010 - British Association - Hessle Town Hall, 7.15pm. for Local History - guided visit - Hereford, Cathedral Library and 20 May 2010 - British Association for Woolhope Naturalist Field Club. Local History - guided visit - Hatfield Booking forms and details available House and Archive (very limited from BALH website or BALH(V) PO Box numbers, BALH members only). 6549, Somersal Herbert, Ashbourne, Booking forms and details available DE6 5WH from BALH website or BALH(V) PO Box 6549, Somersal Herbert, Ashbourne, 16 September 2010 - Hessle Local DE6 5WH History Society - Walking the Beat - Gordon Acaster - Hessle Town Hall, 5 June 2010 - British Association for Local 7.15pm. History - Local History Day - London. Booking forms and details available 2 October 2010 - British Association from BALH website or BALH(V) PO Box for Local History - guided visit - Whitby 6549, Somersal Herbert, Ashbourne, Museum, Library and Archive and DE6 5WH Captain Cook Memorial. Booking forms and details available from BALH 17 June 2010 - Hessle Local History website or BALH(V) PO Box 6549, Society - A musical soiree - Hilary Somersal Herbert, Ashbourne, DE6 Blackburne - Hessle Town Hall, 7.15pm. 5WH

28 June 2010 - Bolton and District Local 21 October 2010 - Hessle Local History History Group - DrPeter Halkon. 7.30 in Society - Out of the Blue - Martin Craven Bolton Chapel. - Hessle Town Hall, 7.15pm.

July 2010 - British Association for Local 6 November 2010 - British Association History - guided visit - Birmingham. for Local History - conference - Hull. Booking forms and details available Details in next newsletter. from BALH website or BALH(V) PO Box 6549, Somersal Herbert, Ashbourne, DE6 5WH

29 EAST YORKSHIRE LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY

Registered Charity 1007312

Notice of the 59th Annual General Meeting

Saturday 27th March 2010 at 2.15pm

The Hull History Centre, Worship Street, Hull, HU2 8BG

AGENDA

1. Apologies for absence

2. Minutes of the 58th Annual General Meeting held at the Parish Hall, Beverley Minster

3. Presentation of the Annual Report for the year ended 31st December 2009 (herewith enclosed)

4. Presentation of the Financial Accounts for the year ending 31st December 2009 (herewith enclosed)

5. Election of officers: (a) President (b) Executive Committee

6. Member’s Forum and Any Other Business. An opportunity for informal discussion, when members may wish to raise points relating to the Society of specific interest to them or make any suggestions for further consideration by the Executive Committee

30 EAST YORKSHIRE LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY

Minutes of the 58th Annual General Meeting, held on Saturday 28th March 2009 in the Parish Hall, Beverley Minster

Present: the Chairman, six other members of the Executive Committee and 39 other members and friends.

APOLOGIES: Mr. Nick Evans, Tom and Judy Bangs, Mrs. Jenny Stanley, Mr. John Scotney, Mike and Maureen Nodding.

MINUTES: The minutes of the 57th Annual General Meeting held on Saturday 29th March 2008, having being distributed to members, were received and signed by the Chairman as a true record of that meeting.

ANNUAL REPORT: The Chairman’s annual report had been distributed to members; it had been a successful year with good attendances at the Society’s events. The British Association for Local History had for the second time in three years given an award to a contributor to the Journal; this was a great achievement for the contributor and the Society.

FINANCIAL REPORT: The Treasurer presented his financial report stating that the Society’s finances were healthy. Sales of publications had been high this year; this was due to Burton Constable Hall buying the Society’s surplus stock of books on the history of the house.

ELECTION OF OFFICERS: There being no other nominations the President and Executive Committee were unanimously elected.

MEMBERS FORUM AND ANY OTHER BUSINESS: The Chairman informed members that Mr. Joe Santaniello had stood down as the publications officer; he thanked Joe for all his hard work over the years and asked if any member was interested in taking up the post to approach the Executive Committee.

There being no other business the meeting was declared closed. An interesting talk entitled “A Load of old Bollards: the History of Street Furniture” was presented by Mr. Chris Mead.

31 CHAIRMAN’S REPORT

This has been an outstandingly busy year, re-establishing my ‘office’ at home following retirement from the museum, immediately followed by work on the journal with Rob Barnard. The value and quality of articles included in the East Yorkshire Historian being emphasised by a second award from the British Association for Local History this time to Karen Ounsley for her piece on the Bridlington Spa band. Your Chairman attended the presentation in London on 6 June by Profesor David Hey.

The visit to Hull by BALH in 2008 was followed by a major conference in Hull, 9 November 2009, on the theme ‘New research into the ’, a joint effort between BALH, EYLHS and the University of Hull planned and coordinated by Helen Good. The ambitious programme of five sessions, three involving strands held simultaneously in adjoining rooms and a plenary session with Prof Richard Hoyle ‘Local History at the beginning of the twenty first century: motives, problems, new possibilities’. Held at the Royal Hotel this was a very successful event attracting some 200 delegates.

The society was also represented at the Beverley Book Fair, once again held in the minster and the chairman is grateful for all the help from committee members and volunteers manning the stall there and at the conference.

The year saw the death of Mary Fowler whose long term interest in local history resulted in a number of important publications on various aspects of east Hull, and also of Dr. Bickford, a doctor and psychiatrist who came to local studies late in life, partly as a relief from the pressures of professional life. Nevertheless his account of the treatment of mental illness in the region in ‘Lunatic asylums of the East Riding’ and subsequent publications as well as his directory of local practitioners ‘The medical profession in Hull 1400-1900’ are original and significant contributions to medical history. Then came the news of the death of Keith Holt for many years archivist at the Beverley Record Office; all of us are indebted to some degree to the help he and his staff gave to enquirers at the archives and I have especially fond memories of the time when he was based in the old Registry Building, with its famous sign into the vault room – ‘Duck or grouse’!

As well as the journal members also received a bumper volume ‘The pastor of Fish street’ the fruit of many years work by John Markham. If all goes to plan 2010 will also see another special publication as well as the Historian and another conference arranged in association with BALH. Arthur G Credland, Chairman and Editor

32 The East Yorkshire Local History Society

INCOME AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT For the year ending 31 December 2009 2009 2008 INCOME Members’ Subscriptions 3,422.00 3,494.50 Bank Interest 414.71 610.47 Summer Events 1,317.80 1,107.00 Book Sales 1,491.55 2,337.53 Donations 67.29 69.00 Gift Aid 535.06 566.17 South Cave Education Group 266.49 0.00 BALH Conference 600.00 370.00 ______8,114.90 8,554.67 EXPENDITURE Summer Events 1,220.70 1,033.50 Postage/Stationary 1,802.72 850.16 Committee Members Expenses 274.57 278.48 BALH Conference 653.00 317.50 Victoria County History 100.00 100.00 Printing Costs 5,509.23 4,966.66 Insurance/Subscription to BALH 58.00 58.00 Subscription Refunds 30.00 8.00 Computer equipment 20.64 0.00 Book sale charges (eBay) 117.15 186.61 ______9,786.01 7,798.91 ______Surplus/(Deficit) (1,671.11) 755.76

BALANCE SHEET As at 31 December 2009 CURRENT ASSETS Cash at Bank 1,452.90 3,038.72 Building Society Deposit MacMahon Fund 175.00 175.00 Cash 14,589.17 4,674.46 16,217.07 17,888.18

33 OFFICERS FOR 2009

President: Sir Ian Macdonald of Sleat, Bart, FRICS, MRSH

Vice-Presidents: Mr A G Bell Mr C Ketchell Dr J Markham Dr D J R Neave

Chairman: Mr A G Credland Hon Secretary: Mr D Smith Hon Treasurer: Mr R Barnard Hon Journal Editors: Mr A G Credland Mr R Barnard Hon Newsletter Editor: Mr R Barnard Hon Membership Secretary: Miss P Aldabella

Hon Publication Officer: Mr G Percival

Honorary Life Members

Mrs M Salkeld Mr I Wright The Reference and Local Studies Library, Beverley

Executive Committee Members for 2009 + Member willing to be re-elected

+ Miss P Aldabella + Mr R Barnard + Mrs Carole Boddington + Mr A G Credland + Mr N Evans + Miss P Martin + Mr C Mead + Mr G Percival Mr D Smith + Mrs J Stanley + Dr J Walker + Miss H Good

34