35954 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 LEAVE OF ABSENCE PROGRAM ADJOURNMENT Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I ask Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, unanimous consent, under the provisions on Wednesday the Senate will convene at if there be no further business to come ot rule V, that I be excused from the 12 o'clock noon. before the Senate, I move, in accordance sessions of the Senate while I attend as After the two leaders or their designees with the previous order, that the Senate a designee from the Senate, the Food and have been recognized under the stand­ stand in adjournment until the hour of Agricultural Organization meeting in ing order, the following Senators will be 12 o'clock noon on Wednesday. Rome, Italy. The meeting will be in ses­ recognized, each for not to exceed 15 The motion was agreed to; and at 2:56 sion from November 10 until Novem­ minutes and in the order stated: Messrs. p.m. the Senate adjourned until Wednes­ ber 29, 1973. MCGOVERN, GRIFFIN, and ROBERT C. BYRD. day, November 7, 1973, at 12 meridian. I shall leave here on Friday with the There will then be a period for the Secretary of Agriculture who is going to transaction of routine morning business attend an International Meeting on Soy­ of not to exceed 15 minutes, with state­ NOMINATIONS beans to be held at Munich, Germany. ments therein limited to 3 minutes. Executive nominations received by the That meeting will be of great importance Mr. President, the conference report on Senate November 5, 1973: to all rural and agricultural areas of our S. 1081, the rights-of-way across Federal DEPARTMENT OF STATE Nation. lands measure-the so-called Alaska The following-named persons for appoint­ I therefore ask unanimous consent pipeline bill-is expected to be available ment to the offices indicated: that I be excused from attending ses­ on Wednesday following action by the William H. Donaldson, of New York, to be sions of the Senate from Thursday, No­ House of Representatives, which is like­ Under Secretary of State for Coordinating vember 8, 1973, for the duration of the wise contemplated on Wednesday. The Security Assistance Programs; Food and Agricultural Organization distinguished chairman of the Committee L. Dean Brown, of the District of Co­ lumbia., a Foreign Service Officer of the Class meeting. on Interior and Insular Affairs (Mr. of Career Minister, to be Deputy Under Sec­ The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without JACKSON) has indicated to me by tele­ retary of State; objection, it is so ordered. phone that he would expect a yea-and­ Carlyle E. Maw, of New York, to be Legal nay vote on the adoption of that con­ Adviser of the Department of State; ference report. Senators, therefore, may John M. Thomas, of Iowa., a. Foreign RECESS be sure-! think I ought to assure them­ Service Officer of Class One, to be an Assistant Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, that there will be a yea-and-nay vote on Secretary of State; that conference report. Robert Stephen Ingersoll, of Illinois, to be I move that the Senate stand in recess an Assistant Secretary of State. awaiting the call of the Chair. Other conference reports may be avail­ The motion was agreed to; and at 2: 50 able and ready for action on Wednesday, FEDERAL METAL AND NONMETALLIC MINE p.m. the Senate took a recess, subject to and they, being privileged matters, of SAFETY BOARD OF :ftEVIEW Robert W. McVay, of Missouri, to be a. the call of the Chair. course can be called up. There may be Member of the Federal Metal and Nonmetal­ The Senate reassembled at 2:54 p.m., other bills on the calendar that will lic Mine Safety Board of Review for the when called to order by the Presiding Of­ have been cleared by Wednesday for ac­ term expiring September 15, 1978. (Reap­ ficer (Mr. WILLIAM L. SCOTT) . tion, so Senators can be sure of at least pointment) one yea-and-nay vote on Wednesday and ORDER FOR ADJOURNMENT UNTIL possibly others. WITHDRAWAL 12 NOON ON WEDNESDAY The leadership expresses the hope that Senate conferees on bills, that are in Executive nomination withdrawn from Mr. ROBERT C. BYRD. Mr. President, conference, will press to make progress the Senate November 5, 1973: I ask unanimous consent that when the DEPARTMENT OF STATE Senate completes its business today, it with the conferees of the other body, so that the Senate can give these confer­ G. McMurtrie Godley, of the District of stand in adjournment until 12 o'clock Columbia, a Foreign Service Officer of the noon on Wednesday. ence reports final action. Class of Career Minister, to be an Assistant The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Mr. President, that pretty well sums it Secretary of State, which was sent to the objection. it is so ordered. up. Senate on March 16, 1973.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS GERALD R. FORD friends. However, I ask you only to treat me voted in 1965 and which the Legislatures as true friends treat one another, with di­ of 48 States subsequently ratified. rectness, with candor, without favor and I might note that the State where I was without guile, in full and mutual awareness born, Nebraska., was the first to ratif.y the HON. LESLIE C. AREN-DS of the solemn oath we have all taken to the 25th Amendment. OF ILLINOIS Constitution and our responsibility to the As you might guess, I have recently re­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES people ot this great Republic. viewed the debate on the 25th Amendment Before going further, I must add my grat­ and there is little doubt that most of our Monday, November 5, 1973 itude to the two distinguished Senators who attention in framing it was centered on the ably represent my home State in the United question of Presidential succession, on filling Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, I am States Senate. Together, Phil Hart, Bob a vacancy in the Presidency. pleased to insert in the RECORD for the Griffin and I have spent a. combined total of · Section 2, which dealt with the problem benefit of all the forthright and direct 57 years in Washington trying to outdo one of filling a vacancy in the Vice Presidency, statement made by our colleague, GER­ another in doing things for Michigan-and was a subsidiary issue in our minds, despite ALD R. FoRD, before the Senate Commit­ none of us is ready to concede that contest the fact that on 16 previous occasions, for tee on Rules and Administration. yet. But I want to take this opportunity to a total of 37 years in our Constitutional his­ After reading the statement, I am sure acknowledge publicly, before trying to ex­ tory, the nation has been without a Vice everyone will feel as I do that these are change a vote for a gavel, tha-t Michigan and President. the views of a dedicated American and Grand Rapids have given me far more than Vice Presidents have died and they have I could ever give them. resigned, but our circumstances today are that his nomination by the President to Yet I am deeply conscious that today the unprecedented. Until now they have always fill the office of Vice President is indeed Congre55 and the citizens we represent are been elected, at first separately but most o! an excellent choice. The statement fol- embarking upon an historic voyage into un­ the time together with the President, by an lows: charted waters. I come before you as the Electoral College chosen for that purpose by STATEMENT BY THE HONORABLE nominee of the President to fill a. vacancy in all the people. One Vice President, Richard GERALD R. FORD the office of Vice President of the United Mentor Johnson, was elected by the Senate This is a. new experience for me. I realize States under the provisions of the 25th in 1837 under the 12th Amendment when it is also a new experience for you, and for Amendment to the Constitution, for which the electoral vote was tied. the American people. I feel that I am among 65 Senators and 368 Members of the House · This is the first time in bistory that both November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35955 the Senate and the House of Representatives and to do them as much honor as they have faithful to my friends and fair to my op­ have been required to advise and consent to done him. ponents, and that I have tried my best to the President's nomination of a Vice Presi­ Now I'm contemplating the first public make this great government work for the dent. office to which I would not be elected by the good of all Americans. These are not ordinary times nor, I sup­ people, but by my peers in the Congress as President Eisenhower had a very simple pose, will the times ever be ordinary when the people's agents. As the first candidate rule-! have never heard of a better one the 25th Amendment must be invoked. I to be so chosen, I recognize and welcome the for people in public office who have to want to assure you, the members of this fact tha.t this committee, as it should, will make decisions: get all the facts and all the committee and all my colleagues in the Con­ inquire fully into my worthiness to have the good counsel you can, and then do what's gress, that I fully appreciate and share trust of the Nation. best for America. your determination to consider with the ut­ In this century, 32 men have been chosen My old law professor at Yale, Eugene V. most diligence qualifications and fitness for by the two major parties as candidates for Rostow, who had a distinguished tour of the seoond office of the Republic. For the Vice President, and 19 of them have served duty at the State Department during the sake of the country we all love, for your in the House or the Senate or both. Of the Johnson Administration, took the time to sakes and certainly for mine, I would not 15 who won, 9 have served in the Congress write to me a warm and inspiring letter upon want it otherwise. and I believe there is no better training nomination. I would like to share some of I am a member of this Congress. I have a school for this job than service in the Con­ his words with you, because the master still vote and a responsibility under the Consti­ gress. I am proud to be a Member of Con­ says things much better than his pupil: tution the same as yours. Under the cir­ gress, and if I were to express my new am­ "Constitutionally and politically, the first cumstances, I will vote "Present" when my bition in a nutshell, that ambition of mine and most important requirement for the post, nomination is before the House. I am used is to earn the respect as well by all the I should say, is that the Vice-President be to this. Custom has compelled me to do it American people as I hope I have with my capable of discharging the duties of the in the last 5 votes for Speaker, when I lost good friends in the 5th District of Michigan. Presidency, should fate call him to that to the Honorable John McCormack and the Like that of most men and women who office. I am opposed to any other criterion Honorable Carl Albert. serve in Congress, my public life has been in the selection of Vice-Presidents, above all You know, life plays some funny tricks an open book-carefully reread every two in these times of difficulty and danger at on people. Here I have been trying with years by my constituents. Likewise, the door home and abroad. The nation has never might and main for 25 years to become to my office in Washington has been open, needed strong Presidents more urgently, as Speaker of the House. Suddenly, I'm a candi­ not only to my constituents but to any citi­ the Middle East crisis of the last few months date for President of the Senate, where I zens who have wanted to discuss with me demonstrates. A critical factor of that most could hardly ever vote and where I'll never their views and their problems relating to dangerous confrontation was the President's get a chance to speak. legislation and the Federal government--or resolute public and private diplomacy, nota­ When I was asked by the President for even just to satisfy their curiosity as to bly his threat to use force if need be. The my recommendations for Vice President I what a Congressman looks like. These con­ basic question to ask about a prospective really did suggest Hugh Scott and Mel Laird tacts with people have represented a large Vice-President is whether he has the charac­ and one other whose name I won't tell­ part of my job, and since 1965 when I be­ ter and insight to do what Theodore Roose­ but the President didn't pay any attention to came Minority Lea.der of the House by the velt and Harry Truman did when they were my advice. "landslide margin" of 73 to 67 such contacts called to the Presidency. I know you are going to have a lot of have become more and more national in "While in office, the Vice-President should questions for me, but there are two big ones chara.cter. r not only think an open door is a serve as a vital part of the President's ad­ perhaps I can answer at the start. duty, but I have learned a lot from the peo­ ministration. He should have no independent First, what makes you, Jerry Ford, quali­ ple who have passed through it, both from responsibility for policy, save as the Presi­ fied to be Vice President of the United those who agree with me and from thbse dent's adviser and agent. That is the idea be­ States? Second, what kind of a Vice Presi­ who don't. hind the Twelfth Amendment, in my opin­ dent would you hope to be? Perhaps the worst misgivings I have about ion. The Vice-President's duties and func­ Let me take the second question first. the Vice Presidency are that such contacts tions as the President's roving halfback can­ How do I regard the office of the Vice Presi­ with all kinds of people would be more diffi­ not and need not be defined with precision. dency-in the climate and context of right cult-and that my friends might stop calling They will depend upon circumstance--CALIFORNIA legislative branch of government. Lincoln did, "with firmness in the right, as I know from firsthand experience that al­ God gives us to see the right." IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES most without exception the people in their Thank you for your courteous attention. Monday, November 5, 1973 wisdom send to Congress men and women who are reasonable, who prefer action to in­ Mr. JOHNSON of California. Mr. action, who are capable of compromise, who Speaker, I rise today to pay tribute to a love their country and who are concerned for FAREWELL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT special type of person, J. Everett Mor­ the future of the oldest representative re­ ANDREW JACKSON row, known far and wide in Butte County public on earth. and northern California as "Mr. Demo­ I know these men and women can work to­ crat." Mr. Morrow, a day or two ago, gether because I have worked together with HON. LAWRENCE J. HOGAN them the best years of my life. celebrated his 96th birthday. At that So I come back to the first question: What OF MARYLAND time the Chico Enterprise Record, a makes you, Jerry Ford, qualified to be Vice IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES newspaper which has established a rep­ President of t he United States? Monday, November 5, 1973 utation of independence, described him My answer is that I believe I can be a ready as "a very special person" not only be­ conciliator and calm communicator between Mr. HOGAN. Mr. Speaker, in this criti­ cause of the attainment of the age of 96 the White House and Capitol Hill, between cal period of stress and uncertainty sur­ but because he is an outstanding exam­ the re-election mandate of the Republican rounding our political system, I would ple to all of us who are younger of how President and the equally emphatic mandate like to share with my colleagues a speech of the Democratic 93rd Congress. I believe I we should maintain an active interest in can do this-not because I know much about given by a former President. His speech public affairs and in people. This basi­ the Vice Presidency-but because I know both which is as appropriate today as it was cally is what our Government and our the Congress of the United States and the over 136 years ago: democratic system is all about. President of the United States as well and as FAREWELL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT ANDREW So that I might share in the honoring intimately as anybody who has known both JACKSON of Mr. Morrow and so that my colleagues for a qu.:J.rter century. MARCH 4, 1837. might see what one individual has done I count most of the members of the Senate In presenting to you, my fellow-citizens, for his country I insert at this point in and of the House as my friends. They have these parting counsels, I have brought before been wonderfully kind and helpful during you the leading principles upon which I en­ the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the editorial these hectic days in volunteering support deavored to administer the Government in of Friday, October 26, 1973, issue of the and encouragement to me. The President of the high office with which you twice honored Chico Enterprise Record: the United States has been my friend from me. Knowing that the path of freedom is HAPPY BmTHDAY TO "MR. DEMOCRAT" the time he was a second-termer from Cali­ continually beset by enemies who often as­ The fact that this is an "off year"-with fornia in the House and took time to make sume the disguise of friends, I have devoted no elections being held for state or national a freshman from Michigan feel welcome. He the last hours of my public life to warn you posts-accounts for the relatively slow pace has always been truthful to me, as have my of the dangers. The progress of the United of political activity here during the current good friends in the Congress. I have never States under our free and happy institutions fall season. misled them even when they might have has surpassed the most sanguine hopes of It is true that a few of the hopefuls for wanted to hear something gentler than the the founders of the Republic. Our growth has next year's key state races--especially the truth. And if I change jobs that is the way been rapid beyond all former example in governorship-are beating the bushes occa­ I intend to continue. numbers, in wealth, in knowledge, and all the sionally. But no great amount of enthusiasm Truth is the glue that holds government useful arts which contribute to the comforts is yet being generated. together, and not only government, but civi­ and convenience of man, and from the earli­ Nevertheless, it is important to note that lization itself. est ages of history to the present day there Democrats of the area are not letting the So gentlemen, I readily promise to answer never have been thirteen millions of people off-year doldrums prevent them from pay­ your questions truthfully. I know you will associated in one political body who enjoyed ing special homage to a very special person. not pull any punches--the American people so much freedom and happiness as the people That person is J. Everett Morrow, known far will never forgive any of us if you do. Through of these United States. You have no longer and wide as Butte County's "Mr. Democrat." my testimony it is my intention to replace any cause to fear danger from abroad; your Mr. Morrow this week is observing his 96th misunderstanding with understanding and strength and power are well known through­ birthday-and local Democrats are honoring to substitute truth for untruths. out the civilized world, as well as the high him tonight with a birthday party. It is We have all taken the same oath before and gallant bearing of your sons. It is from scheduled for 7:30 o'clock at the Women's God and under the Constitution, and we are within, among yourselves-from cupidity, Club, 5~2 E. Third St. today charged with the duty of trying and from corruption, from disappointed ambi­ Our reference above to Mr. Morrow as "a testing a new Amendment to that Constitu­ tion and inordinate thirst for power-that very special person" is based not only on the tion for the first time. Many of us had a factions will be formed and liberty endan­ fact that he has managed to attain the ripe voice and a vote in bringing about the 25th gered. It is against such designs, whatever age of 96. That is indeed a considerable ac­ Amendment. From that debate I would like disguise the actors may assume, that you complishment in itself. But what makes Mr. to quote two distinguished Senators--anon­ have especially to guard yourselves. You have Morrow "special" is the fact that a fellow of ymously, since I hope you will not throw too the highest of human trusts committed to 96 happens to maintain such an active in­ many of my own words from the Congres­ your care. Providence has showered on this terest in public affairs-and in people. sional Record back at me. favored land blessings without number, and Knowing Mr. Morrow and admittedly a One, a Republican .. noted that "The secu­ has chosen you as the guardians of freedom, fond fan of his after watching his activities rity of our nation demands that the office of to preserve it for the benefit of the human for so many years, it strikes us that his the Vice President should never be left va- race. May He who holds in His hands the driving interest in people and public affairs November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35957 may be a key factor in his longevity, quite Nancy Hambleton, the first woman may­ 200,000 gasoline stations operators to in contrast to the attitudes of many other or of Lawrence, Kans. In the brief period pass along to the public the higher prices persons of advanced age. has has We say this because (as we have explained that she been in office, Lawrence granted to gasoline wholesalers. The an­ on other occasions) we have always found witnessed many new programs which guished cries of our service station peo­ that while J. Everett Morrow is willing to have promoted and reinforced the ple went unheard at the Cost of Living talke about the past, the real sparks of en­ town's well-being. Because approximate­ Council. Now, the refiners who produce thusiasm come into his eyes when he man­ ly only 12 other Kansas towns have a fuel oil are the same ones who produce ages to switch the conversation to the future. woman mayor, with most of these towns gasoline. Gasoline consumption during What we mean is that Morrow always is being smaller than Lawrence, Mayor the summer months was maintained at looking ahead-looking forward to the next Hambleton is an early crusader in Kan­ meeting, the next election, the next grow­ an wmaturally high level as a result of ing season, and so forth. He just can't seem sas in this position. wmaturally low gasoline prices at the to wait for tomorrow to come around. As Mrs. Hambleton herself said on the pump, so the refineries quite naturally Of equal importance, of course, is the fact subject of being a woman mayor: delayed their conversion to the refine­ that Morrow's bas been a life of considerable In some ways it might be easier. It opens ment of fuel oil. versatility of interests and endeavors. a lot of doors and people are sort of intrigued Now the Cost of Living Council and the He has been a school teacher (in the old with the idea. of a woman being there. Congress are mystified that there will be Floral District between Durham and Grid­ ley back before the turn of the century; he Nancy Hambleton accidentally tumbled a fuel oil shortage this winter. So fuel was paid $65 a month) . into politics in the fall of 1970, through oil will be rationed because the retail He has been a fruit buyer (during one the urging and encouragement of a citi­ price of gasoline was frozen last summer. period, be made trips to Chico frequently to zens committee concerned at the time If the Cost of Living Council had allowed buy fruit from Gen. John Bidwell for the with many of the problems then dividing the retail price of gasoline to rise-if it Biggs cannery). Lawrence citizens. She was elected to had allowed the free market to establish He has been a cannery superintendent the retail price of gasoline-fewer per­ (running large cannery operations both in the Lawrence City COmmission in 1970 San Francisco and Emeryville as a young and became the city's first woman com­ sons would have driven their automobiles man-a job that required not only first-rate missioner. This past April, she was elect­ quite so much, gasoline consumption technical knowledge, but also an ab111ty to ed Lawrence's first woman mayor. would have been reduced, and the re­ use both psychology and muscle in ramrod­ Nancy Hambleton has not only devel­ fineries could have converted to the pro­ ding the hard-working cannery crews made oped and extended programs in flood in­ duction of fuel oil at an earlier date. up largely of fresh Italian immigrants in surance and revenue sharing, but has There is no better allocator of goods and those years) . also given Lawrence's downtown area a services than the laws of supply and de­ He has been a bootleg moonshine buster mand. Since we have decided to repeal (at one time during Prohibition he "ter­ facelift. The urban renewal project, ini­ minated" a clandestine distilling operation tiated while she was commissioner, is those laws, we have had to substitute a in the rural Gridley region and put the huge nearly completed. Lawrence's main street mandatory allocation program. boiler into the more respectable service of now shows o:ff new store fronts, saw­ The punishment for violation of the heating a schoolhouse). tooth curbs, new street lights, sidewalk laws of gravity comes with speed and with He has been a ranking horticulturist and benches, trees, and flowers. certainty, thus they are universally major executive in the U.S. Department of Lawrence is the home of Kansas Uni­ obeyed. The law of supply and demand is Agriculture's plant introduction program for no less inflexible, yet the price fixers do (after serving in posts ranging from Southern versity, thus the second home the California to the Florida Gulf Coast and thousands of KU students. The relation­ not seem to be able to learn its lesson. Washington, D.C. Morrow was superinten­ ship between the university and the town When they do, the Nation will no longer dent of the U.S. Plant Gardens here in Chico has increased tremendously. As we all be put through its paces, reeling through for many years). know, any university town is unique in a "crisis" here, a "blunder" there, and a But Morrow himself will tell you that of many aspects since the town and the "shortage" everywhere. all the things he has done his 96 years, he university share many facilities and de­ is most proud of having been "an active Dem­ pend to a large extent on each other ocrat" all of his adult life. economically. Through Mayor Ramble­ Emphasis should be placed on the word VALUE OF MEN "active" in that prior sentence. Morrow cut . ton's e:fforts, the town and the university his political teeth during the exciting-but have been united in their goals and di­ ill-fwted-Free Silver campaign of William rection as never before. Jennings Bryan back in 1896. And he has Problems such as drainage or special HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE been active on behalf of Democratic candi­ assessments as well as the visual prob­ OF TEXAS dates in every presidential campaign of the lems of downtown Lawrence, are being IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 20th Century, as well as state and congres­ dealt with in the abundant revisional sional campaigns. Monday, November 5, 1973 It is not surprising, then, that Morrow programs. "Her Honor" has succeeded has for many years been regarded as "Mr. in bringing many refreshing changes to Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, Democrat of Butte County." Nor is it sur­ Lawrence. the time between the understanding of prising that his fellow Democrats (and a I know my colleagues will want to join the fundamental laws of science and the goodly sprinkling of Republicans as well) me in paying tribute to Mayor Hamble­ application to the benefit of man has are making it a point to honor him on his ton on the fine job she is doing. grown shorter and shorter over the years. birthday even during an "off-year" for politics. It is fortunate that this has been the cir­ And we at The Enterprise-Record say again cumstance. Prevention of disease and im­ as we have in the past: Happy 96th birthday proved living standards all depend on to "Mr. Democrat" and we look forward to FREE MARKET NEVER FA.ll.tS TO new technology derived from scientific covering J. Everett Morrow's participation in WORK investigation. A recent article in the many future campaigns. Evening Times of Melbourne, Fla., Sep­ tember 27, 1973 points to the value of HON. EDWARD YOUNG men and their contributions in Skylab 2 OF SOUTH CAROLINA and 3. We are fortunate in having auto­ FIRST WOMAN MAYOR IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mated satellites which greatly contribute Monday, November 5, 1973 to our ability to predict weather and to HON. LARRY WINN, JR. Mr. YOUNG of South Carolina. Mr. communicate on a worldwide basis. Along OF KANSAS Speaker, the great thing about the free with this capability, it is important to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES market is that it works, and it works recognize that man has a strong and Monday, November 5, 1973 every time. One day, the controllers, the direct role to play in space. This con­ manipulators, and the price fixers will tinues to be exemplified by the achieve­ Mr. WINN. Mr. Speaker, I would like learn this lesson. ments of Skylab. I include this significant to take this opportunity to acknowledge This summer, the Cost of Living Coun­ article in the REcORD for the benefit of the accomplishments of the Honorable cil decided not to allow the country's my colleagues and the general public: CXIX--2265-Part 27 35958 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973

VALUE OF MEN IN SPACE PROVED AGAIN a historic week for residents of the Na­ Mr. Speaker, a distinguished group of Those dauntless Skylab 2 astronauts have tion's Capital and for the Congress. It biomedical scientists a.ssociated with again proven the value of having men in is the week that a home rule bill (S. the National Institutes of Health-three space. 1435) for the District of Columbia is of whom are Nobel Laureates-have This time they overcame a crippled space­ expected to emerge from a House-Senate joined together in an appeal to the craft to perform an unprecedented and tricky conference committee. American Red Cross to use its infiuence reentry maneuver Tuesday for a successful Sell-government for the three-quar­ to secure humane treatment for the pris­ splashdown in the Pacific off the California oners of war being held by the Arab coast. ters of a million residents of the Dis­ Two leaking steering jets on the Apollo trict of Columbia is an idea whose time States. ferry ship early in the 59¥2-day mission has not only come but is long overdue. The scientists' statement follows: threatened a possible rescue attempt and It is a principle which I have worked The Geneva Conventions require that all curtailment of the voyage. diligently for and supported actively countries release complete information on Instead, the astronauts surmounted the when the bill pa.ssed the House October p-o-w's within one week of their arrival at obstacles. With ground support they flew the a camp and allow representatives of the In­ entire mission to rack up more gains for this 10, 1973. ternational Red Cross access to them. These country's space achievements. The bill approved by the House of requirements are not subject to reciprocal The actual results of the benefits of thiS Representatives is a sound and reason­ arrangements between the combatants nor to latest manned space mission may be years able legislative measure. It provides for: any conditions. As of October 31 the Israel away. An elected mayor and 13-member city Government has released the names of 3,827 The thousands of photos and miles of tape council; captured p-o-w's and allowed the IRC free could lead to an endless source of pollution­ General legislative powers in the city access to them. Egypt at the same time has free energy, a catalog of the world's resources council; released the names of only 47 Israeli p-o-w's and new metals and materials. captured in the presence of International Ob­ Years may be required to evaluate com­ Reorganization and modernization of servers, and has not allowed the IRC access pletely the data obtained from the Skylab 1 the governmental structure; to them. Syria has also refused cooperation and 2 crews and that still to come from Bonding and general revenue author­ with the IRC and released no names. Skylab 3. ity; Egyptian President Anwar Sadat has stated "Space is a place, a very unique place and A local planning and land-use au­ that release of names of p-o-w's and access a new important resource that can be used thority; and to them by the IRC will be conditional upon for the benefit of people everywhere on A merit-selection system for nominat­ Israeli m111tary withdrawal. This is inadmis­ earth," said NASA Administrator James B. ing local judges. sible on humanitarian grounds. Unconfirmed Fletcher in summing up the importance of The bill is not all that some had hoped reports in the past 24 hours of impending Skylab. exchange of wounded p-o-w's between Egypt Skylab 2 brought home this week 77,600 for. For instance, much of the appro­ and Israel are a. hopeful and welcome s~n of pictures of the sun snapped through six solar priations process will remain in the Con­ the breakage of this deadlock. telescopes. There are more than 12,000 pic­ gress rather than being transferred to In proposing the UN ceasefl.re resolution in tures and 18 miles of computer tape gathered the local government. Yet, by and large, the Security Council on October 22 the US during earth resources surveys. the bill will go a long way toward re­ Ambassador to the UN, John Scali, noted Add to that 30,000 sun photos and 3,000 storing ba.sic sell -government to the peo­ that "both the Soviet Union and the United earth photos collected by the Skylab 1 crew, States believe that there should be an im­ and scientists declared it a bonanza. ple of the Nation's Capital. mediate exchange of p-o-w's." In accepting Perhaps most importantly, the astronauts I commend the committee, under the the ceasefl.re resolution Israeli Ambassador have proven that man can adapt to the able leadership of Mr. DIGGS from Michi­ to the UN, Joseph Tokoah, stated "we regard weightless environment of space for long gan, and the House conferees for their the release of all p-o-w's now held in the periods of time. considerable energies. I hope, indeed, countries involved in the conflict as an in­ Photos and sensor data may determine that a bill does emerge from conference dispensible condition of any ceasefl.re agree­ through study hidden on and mineral re­ committee this week and that the bill is ment". So far the Egyptian and Syrian Gov­ serves needed by our naltion. the strongest possible version of self­ ernments have not fulfilled the commitments Also important wlll be assessing land for which they presumably made to the US and its agricultural potential, timber volume and government consistent with constitu­ the USSR Governments before the adoption water runoff, as well as a1r and water pollu­ tional and political realities. of the ceasefl.re resolution on October 22. tion sources. Apart from normal civilized conduct the Of particular interest to Florida and Bre­ Geneva Convention requires humane treat­ vard county would be improved weather ment of p-o-w's. There have been several forecasting and determining fishing grounds. HUMANE TREATMENT FOR MIDDLE well-documented instances in the past of Of the solar flares and activity recorded, EAST PRISONERS OF WAR DIS­ Egyptian and especially Syrian maltreatment Dr. Neil R. Sheeley of the Navy Research TINGUISHED Nffi BIOMEDICAL of Israeli p-o-w's. We now have information Laboratory, said, "Now we've got the pos­ SCIENTISTS SPEAK OUT from the highest and most responsible sibi11ty of answering questions that we've sources that in the present conflict there only had clues to for years." have been instances of mutilation of cap­ Flares spew large doses of radiation into tured p-o-w's by the Syrians. This should be space, influencing weather and disrupting HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL contrasted with the fact that Israel has al­ communications on earth by creating mag­ OF NEW YORK lowed humanitarian supplies, water, food and netic storms. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES plasma, to reach the encircled Egyptian Third Experts hope the solar data will help un­ Army, who are not even p-o-w's. The reluc­ lock the secret of controlled thermonuclear Monday, November 5, 1973 tance of the Syrians to give the IRC access fusion, which is the source of the sun's Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, now to p-o-w's raises, at the very least, the pos­ energy. that the cease-fire in the Middle Ea.st sib111ty that they have something to hide. This would aid in searching for an un­ In view of all of the above we call upon limited and pollution-free power source on ha.s apparently taken hold and efforts are the American Red Cross to exert all its in­ earth. being directed toward achieving a perm­ fluence through the IRC and other appropri­ That alone would more than repay the cost anent peace, it is vital that all the parties ate international bodies to persuade the of the entire space program borne by United to the conftict avoid actions that could Egyptian and Syrian Governments to abide State~ citizens. precipitate a further crisis. In an effort by the accepted norms of civilized conduct to set the stage for meaningful peace in war. Should the Egyptian and Syrian Gov­ talks, the State of Israel has permitted ernments fail to do so, and should the cease­ the delivery of food, water, and medical fire then break down, the blame for the fur­ HOME RULE FOR THE DISTRICT supplies to the surrounded Egyptian ther suffering and destruction on both sides OF COLUMBIA will rest squarely upon them. 3d Army; and has released the names The statement was signed by: Robert of and permitted International Red Cross Adelstein, Christian Anfl.nsen (Nobel Laure­ HON. JOSHUA EILBERG access to Arab prisoners of war. ate). Nathaniel Berlin, Jack S. Cohen, Philip OF PENNSYLVANIA The fact that the Arab States have Leder, Robert Goldberger, Bernard Moss, not reciprocated in a similar way, Marshall Nirenberg (Nobel Laureate). Ira IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES threatens the fragile cease-fire and Pastan, Edward Rall, John Robbins, David Monday, November 5, 1973 leaves the families of captured Israeli Sachs, Alan Schechter, DeWitt Stetten, Mr. EILBERG. Mr. Speaker, as many soldiers without information as to the Sheldon Wolf and Jullus Axelrod (Nobel of our colleagues are aware, this may be fate of their loved ones. Laureate). November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35959 A COSTLY DELAY when they can be prevented. Congress COLUMBUS SCHOOL FIFTH GRAD­ should accept or reject Ford immedia.tely ERS SHOW ENVmONMENTAL CON­ with the realization that each day of delay CERN HON. LARRY WINN, JR. due to pettiness, bickering and politics OP KANSAS heightens the percentage for new problems. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS Monday, November 5, 1973 OF CALIFORNIA Mr. WINN. Mr. Speaker, with one AMERICA NEEDS MORE EASTERN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES daily Government "crisis" following WilDERNESS Monday, November 5, 1973 another, the American people are find­ Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, recently ing themselves as shell-shocked as the I received some enlightening letters from most battle-worn soldier. HON. JOHN J. RHODES the fifth grade class of Columbus School, While trying to uncover political OF ARIZONA Berkeley, Calif. These young constituents scandals, the country's news media IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES show an amazingly avid concern for the have subjected the citizens of this coun­ welfare and protection of our environ­ try to a battering comparable to the Monday, November 5, 1973 Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, as you are ment. Their perceptions should inspire worst of battles. us in Congress to focus more clearly on In the meantime, we, in Congress, must aware, various areas of land-mostly in the Western States--have been desig­ issues of environmental destruction. keep our sense of perspective on the cen­ If these children are concerned about tral issues facing this Nation. It is up nated as wilderness areas by an act of Congress. The designation of wilderness these problems now at 10 or 11 years of to Congress to restore a sense of balance age, they will be more highly motivated and credibility to our Government. In carries with it certain restrictions. The designation bars logging, construction of as they grow older. At that time ques­ effect, we must carry on with much of tions of environmental quality will be the unfinished business stlli facing the roads, use of motor vehicles, and any type of development. Wilderness status is in­ even more serious than now-unless Nation. Congress acts promptly and effectively. One piece of unfinished business 1s the tended to protect these wild lands for public uses such as hiking, camping, fish­ I am inserting here the letters I received confirmation of our distinguished from the fifth grade class, Columbus minority leader, GERALD R. FORD, as Vice ing, and sightseeing. The foundations for this national wild­ School in Berkeley. President. This is one matter which 0CTOBEB 19, 1973. should be concluded at the earliest pos­ erness preservation program were estab­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN: 1 am in the 5th Grade sible date, and it 1s one which cannot lished in 1964, when the original Wilder­ 1n Columbus School in Berkeley. My teachers' atford a costly delay. ness Act was signed into law. I have re­ name is Miss. Goodell. My name is Angelo M. To this end, I submit for the considera­ ~ently sponsored action in Congress Johnson. I wrote this letter to you about tion of my colleagues, an editorial from which will, if passed, expand the size of pollution & detergent that is making our the Lawrence Daily Journal-World: our current wilderness system. world an unsafe place. Can't you do some­ The purpose of the original Wilderness thing about that. Please try. COSTLY DELAY Sincerely your, In an 'apparent effort to retaliate against Act was to establish a national policy and ANGELA M. JOHNSON. President Nixon, and challenge his arbitrary to lay the foundation for a practical pro­ gram to preserve areas of wilderness. ways, some individuals and groups have DEAR CONGRESSMAN: I hope you Wlll do urged using Rep. Gerald Ford as a sort of That initial act began the program by something about the pollution in the sea be­ hostage, refusing to confirm Ford for the designating 9.1 million acres of wilder­ cause the pollution is destroying Plankton vice presidency until Nixon meets certain ness in 54 different units. It also outlined which help us live. By inhaling oxygen and demands. a process for studying additional areas outhaling carbon dioxide which we need to These critics, the AFL-CIO among them, for later addition to the system, and spec­ live. argue that since Nixon is under :fire he be Sincerely your unknown friend, should not be allowed to name his suc­ i1:led the areas to studied. cessor untll the charges against him have Increasingly, attention has focused on NANOO STAAL. been disposed of. the importance of providing wilderness That is dangerous thinking which could areas ..:or the eastern half of the United DEAR RoNALD DELLUMS: I am writing to be injurious to the nation. It is based on States. The bill I have introduced desig­ you about this countrys wildlife. the notion of considering a man gullty untll nates 28 new wilderness areas in the East, There are to many animals in this coun­ something comes along to prove his in­ the South, and the Midwest. If passed try that are not banshed from hunting and nocence. Suspect as some of the !President's this proposal will bring the benefits of maybe destroyed very soon. Various anunals actl'Ons and utterances may be, he has not like the Golden Eagle, and many other ant yet been convicted of any crimes. wilderness closer to home for the large mals. I hope you can do something. Furthermore, 1f anything should happen part of our population concentrated in Sincerely yours, to Nixon now, House Speaker Carl Albert, these regions. JACOB SMITH. D-Okla., would become President under a Each of the 28 new wilderness pro­ 1947 act of Congress. If Albert could not posals found in my bill are within ana­ OcTOBER 19, 1973. serve, Senate President pro tem James tional forest. Sixteen States are repre­ DEAR Sm: I'm a 5th grade student from Eastland would be next in line. sented, and the areas total 471,186 acres. Columbus. I am concerned about the pollu­ If Gerald Ford is as acceptable as the Our population needs wilderness areas. tion that is spoiling the United States. Vice President as early Congressional ac­ If you could possibly make a public speech tion indicated, then the lawmakers should They provide wholesome primitive recre­ concerning this matter it would probably get down to the business of approving him. ation opportunities; places where you can help the people understand it probably would If he is not acceptable, that should be set­ camp beyond the roar of traffic, hike solve a little of the problem. tled and somebody else should be chosen. without dodging cars, fish without hook­ Yours truly, Having a capable man on the job as ing a friend or an old shoe. A wilderness MARK CHAMBERLAIN STEVENS. Vice President, a man qualified to be the area can relieve the stress and strain of President since he might become that, is our crowded, fast-moving, highly mech­ OCTOBER 19, 1973. important and should not be left to chance. anized and raucously noisy civilization. DEAR RoN DELLUMS: I think we should do Con:flrmation should not be snarled by They are areas of solitude and quiet something about the amount of animals that personal enmity with the man who nominat­ are being killed. We should use some land ed him. where we can keep in touch with some for animals that are becoming extinct and Rep. Ford should be judged for the vice of the basic facts of life. make a law that no one can kill these ani­ presidency on his own merits, which up to The Wilderness Act emerged from the mals. now seem substantial. With continued talk deep feeling of millions of Americans who Sincerely yours, of movements to oust Nixon, having a rallied to save America's wilderness. I WILLIAM ANSPORCH. second-in-command takes on even more im- hope that Congress will give my legisla­ - portance. OCTOBER 19, 1973. The nation has enough crises without tion early consideration and act to ex­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN: I am a fifth grade girl wittingly adding new ones, particularly pand our wilderness system. who is very concerned about all the damage 35960 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 done to wildlife. We had a visitor come today, OcTOBER 19, 1973. home and abroad, the traumatic divisiveness Mr. Malcolm Raff and he talked to us about DEAR CoNGRESSMAN: I am a 5 grade student. of a drawn-out presidential impeachment Are class just had a visiter that has taught proceeding might well destroy the country birds and wildlife. us a few things about birds. The litter that we all wish desperately to preserve and un­ I found out lots of things I did not know. dermine the good America has accomplished There are less than 200 tigers, they are be­ are being pourd in the Ocean are destroying the plangton which we get the majority of domestically and internationally. Under coming extinct. So are many other animals, America's aegis, and President Nixon's bril­ some already have become extinct. oxygen that we breath. The trees that are being cut down in the forest are destroying liant and determined efforts, tremendous The plankton is be destroyed by detergents. gains have been made toward peaceful solu­ The oxygen wm be gone. We won't be able the wildlife. I really think that something shoud be done about this. tions of complex problexns previously thought to live. Sincerely, to have been insoluble. We cannot allow in­ You have to heLp stop this, now Ill ternal problexns, serious they appear at ANNE ROSENFELD. ERIC BUTLER. as the moment, nor the petty hatreds of self­ OcToBER 19, 1973. OcTOBER 19, 1973. servers, to obscure the horrifying potential for disaster which lies ahead, 1f the collision DEAR CONGRESSMAN; I am a fifth grade stu­ DEAR CONGRESSMAN: I am a fifth grade student in Berkeley Calif. We had a visitor course toward impeachment is pursued. dent. We just had a vistor his name is Mr. Gentlemen, the price is too high. Malcolm Raff. He talked about prevent the today he told us how so many anima.lls are birds from dying. He also talked about how dying and also being kllled we think it is animals are extinct. time somebody did something. There is so much pollution that a.nima.ls Sincerely are dying. I want to know what you are doing HOLLY GOODMAN. WAR POWERS ACT VETO-AKRON about it. BEACON JOURNAL URGES OVER­ Sincerely yours, DEAR CONGRESSMAN: We have just had a RIDE ANGELA REm. man who come in about birds who have just told us all a bout the air polluten that OcTOBER 17, 1973. is kllling everything it is killing trees the HON. JOHN F. SEIBERLING DEAR CONGRESSMAN; I to.m a fifth grade nimals and all either things. And it is kllling OF OHIO the nima.ls that are on top of the water and student writing in concern of our environ­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment. I think that we should all help in the under the water. fight against pollution. I so do hope something can be done about Monday, November 5, 1973 I am sure you know that plants convert this yours truely carbon dioxide into oxygen and that plants RoNNIE FLoYD. Mr. SEIBERLING. Mr. Speaker, on seem to be our leading supply of oxygen October 29, the Akron Beacon Journal but I found out today that plankton is our OcTOBER 19, 1972. joined the growing list of disti.nguished main supply and is going to be extinct within DEAR CONGRESSMAN; Please stop the hunt­ newspapers who have editorially urged 30 years people estimate. I am sure you ers from shooting birds and other wildlife. that the Congress override President would not want this to happen so would you The pollution is to much for this world. I Nixon's veto of the war powers bill. The make some sort of legislation or whatever am a fifth grader at Columbus School. Do Beacon Journal correctly characterized to make people pay a fine, clean it up or go you have any concern for these disappearing species? Eventually the whole world will die President Nixon's criticisms of the bill to jail if they add to the chemical pollution with a single word "poppycock." of the ocean. out. Oan we start to save it well I hope so! Sincerely, DIANA HARRIS. As the editorial points out, the bill in GLENN A. CARROLL . no way infringes upon the President's OcTOBER 19. 1973. prerogatives as Commander in Chief but OcTOBER 19, 1973. DEAR RoN DoLLuM: I am Justin Lena. You "merely takes a step toward bringing DEAR CONGRESSMAN: I feel very concerned came to my fathers party in Berkly once. I Congress back into its rightful place in with the disappearing wild life, Is there am concerned about the birds. too many unatural things are happening to birds. Like the control of foreign and military something we can do about it? For instance, policy." stop shooting birds and give them a place polution and guns. I think you should do to live where it is safe. Cats are hunters but something about it. Mr. Speaker, I wish to commend the why destroy them? I'ts not fair that we live Yours Truly, editors for their stand and offer the fu:I and they have to be killed. We need to save JUSTIN LENA. text of their editorial for printing in the them before they get extinct. RECORD. Thank you, The editorial follows: JUDY MANZA. WAR POWERS VETO RATES A SLAP-DOWN AGAINST IMPEACHMENT OF Congress should promptly override Presi- OCTOBER 19, 1973. PRESIDENT DEAR CoNGRESSl!4AN: We have heard that dent Nixon's veto of the war powers blll. you can help us stop the rate of pollution Superficially, Nixon could hardly have being dumped into the seas. The plankton is picked a better time to make his arguments HON. JOHN J. RHODES against the bill. His veto came on the same disappearing at a great rate and after all the OF ARIZONA fish and animals that live in water have day he placed U.S. troops on alert because died eventually we will die. I hope that you IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Mideast crisis. In addition to holding that the bill 1s un­ can help and are willing. Monday# November 5, 1973 Your friend, constitutional, the President complained EILEEN McGRATH. Mr. RHODES. Mr. Speaker, I have that the liinitations it would place on his been requested by Mrs. Elsa P. Mulhern, powers could diminish the confidence of our OcTOBER 19, 1973. president of the Pima County Republican allies in U.S. support. The respect of our DEAR CONGRESSMAN: I'm a fifth grader and adversaries for our deterrent posture would Women, that the resolution adopted at also decline, Nixon said. we just had a visitor to talk to us about a general meeting of Arizona's Pima oi.rds and nature, we found out that to many He said that if the bill had been in species of animals have been destroyed by County Women's Organization be existence in the past, it might have made it humans. We talked about ways to help and brought to the attention of each Member impossible for the U.S. to properly respond of the House of Representatives. I am to the Berlin crisis of 1961, the Cuban mis­ this was one of them, PLEASE help stop this sile crisis of 1962, the Congo rescue operation now! pleased to do so--it is a wise, sound statement which I hope will be considered in 1964, and the Jordanian crisis of 1970. Help The World. Poppycock. Sincerely, by every Member. There is nothing in the war powers bUI BECKY GROSS. The resolution follows: that would keep the President from taking Honored Members of the House: By resolu­ prompt action anywhere in the world at a Ocl"'BEB 19,1973. tion adopted at a general meeting of time of crisis. DEAR CONGRESSMAN: We had a man come to Arizona's Pima County Republican Women's There is nothing that would impair our our class and talk about birds and animals. Organization, I urge you, on behalf of 336 treaty obligations to other nations. When we talked we told about the destruc­ members, to use your influence to prevent There is nothing that could reflect, either tion of nature and we know that it is right passage of any motions of impeachment favorably or unfavorably, on our deterrent to stop hunting, preserving animals, and to against the President of the United States. posture. stop taking all wild life. Can you help the As Republicans, our great and overriding The war powers bill would simply require poor inisent animals to be free! concern is the stability of the Nation, and the President to report to Congress within Yours Truly, the welfare of its people. In a world rife with 48 hours after he has committed U.S. troops CATHY SEVfi.U.. crises, and with future crises looming at to combat abroad. November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35961 It would also require that those troops be cold engine burns more gas than a warm PSRO AND THE LOUISIANA STATE withdrawn within 60 days unless Congress engine. By combining all your errands and MEDICAL SOCIETY speclftcally approved the action, and em­ shopping into one trip, you wm keep the power Congress to halt the action anytime engine sufficiently warm. Starting a car within the 60-day period by passing a con­ burns more fuel than letting it run for a few HON. JOHN R. RARICK minutes. By buying or having a second ig­ current resolution not subject to veto. OF LOUISIANA All of this is designed to prevent any nition key, you can leave the car running long-term commitment of U.S. troops to a and stlll be able to unlock the doors. When IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Vietnam-like action without a declaration stopped at a stoplight or train crossing, put Monday, November 5, 1973 of war or other speclftc approval of Congress. your car in neutral or park, as idling a motor The blli may not be a perfect answer to burns less gas than leaving it in gear. Mr. RARICK. Mr. Speaker, around the the problem, but Nixon's protestations not­ One man in California makes a profit whlle country, an increasing number of State withstanding, it does not infringe on his helping the cause. He runs a "Computer Car medical societies continue to go on rec­ prerogatives as commander-in-chief. Pool Service," using his brain as the "com­ ord in opposition to the implementation It merely takes a step toward bringing puter." He advertises in local papers for of Professional Standards Review Orga­ Congress back into its rightful place in joint rider and riders. By matching starting areas control of American foreign and muttary and destinations, he groups the people to­ nizations-PSRO. Apparently, more poUcy. gether for minimal fees. The idea ls so sim­ medical people are becoming aware of The current sense of crisis--whether real ple and the work not involved but it does the inherent dangers found in PSRO's or bogus--should not cloud the issue. This clear the roads of many unnecessary fuel bureacuratic control of the practice of is a proper and justlfted piece of legislation burners. medicine. that is badly needed. Cars today have been loaded with so There is little doubt that the PSRO many pollution controls that they are burn­ ing much more fuel. I don't know which is concept, which is so alien to the tradi­ more important, the pollution or the gas, tional doctor-patient relationship, would but I highly recommend the rotary engine, cause a great deal of alarm among WHAT I CAN DO TO HELP SOLVE as it doesn't require pollution controls and patients as well as doctors if all the facts THE ENERGY CRISIS gets many mlles per gallon. were known. In the winter, many people leave their cars Unless PSRO is repealed from the running for twenty minutes or more. This Social Security Act, it will become law on HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN action was necessary on earlier cars but the January 1, 1974. My bill H.R. 9375 w111 machinery and the olls have both been 1m­ OF ILLINOIS proved. There are now "dip-stick heaters" do precisely that-repeal PSRO. I insert IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES that can be used overnight. the text of H.R. 9375 following my re­ Monday, November 5, 1973 Is a sweater or an extra blanket so con­ marks. fining that they can't be worn in place of The Louisiana State Medical Society Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, our a furnace or electric blanket going full blast? was one of the first State medical so­ Nation is 1n the midst of a serious energy How many people keep their doors shut to cieties in the Nation to openly oppose crisis, which threatens to get worse un­ 68 degree weather while their air-condition­ PSRO. less we, as Individual citizens, take steps ers rattle on to overcome the rays of the sun and body heat trapped in the house? Check Louisiana doctors realized early that­ to alleviate over-usage of our precious Quality medical care can be offered to all fuel. For this reason, I joined three of my your house for correct insulation, including walls, doors, windows, attics, and crawl citizens . . . whereby health care profes­ colleagues 1n sponsoring an essay contest spaces. Heating and cooling units, refrigera­ sionals are free to employ their unfettered, for high school students in our district. tors (empty) and clocks, all run automati­ free, and independent judgments and skllls. Students were asked to write "What I, cally, and should be shut oft' or unplugged They realized too, that- as a Citizen, Can Do To Conserve En­ whlle on vacation. One adequate lamp is ergy;" and the answers I received were preferred over two or more inadequate lamos, It w11l best serve the public interest for so are those with varying brightnesses. Use physicians and their organizations to remain ingenious and informative, indicating an free from control of polltlclans and their as­ awareness that was both surprising and only the wattage that 1s needed. Some ap­ signs. delightful. For the benefit of my col­ pUances such as, television, uses up more leagues, I would like to submit the win­ electricity whlle warming up than they do in The overall result of Professional 15 or more minutes of normal use. If you are Standards Review Organizations will be ning entry from my district, written by coming back soon don"t shut it off. Some Tim Joyce, of Dolton, Til.: brands of television use a constant flow of to force medical doctors to abandon their WHAT I CAN Do To HELP SoLVE THE ENERGY electricity in order to achieve the "instant­ oath to serve their patients. Rather, they CRISIS on" effect. Unplug them overnight and whlle will be bound by law to follow the edicts (By Tim Joyce) on vacation; you can walt a few minutes for of nonprofessional PSRO investigators To the unwtlUng sufferers who have re­ your picture. Dishwashers and other auto­ from the Department of Health, Educa­ signed themselves to the thought that an in­ matte shut-oft' appllances can be run at night tion, and Welfare. The final decisions as dividual cannot effectively fight the energy when demands on electrlcty are low, and the to the type treatment, medication, hos­ crisis: I merely say, "Think again." Think of generators are running anyway. Wash only pitalization, et cetera, w111 become five of your friends, and five of their friends, full loads. Preheat and pre-cool foods going Into the oven and refrigerator, respectfully. the prerogative of the PSRO examiner, and five of their friends, that's 156 people not the doctor 1n charge of the case. In who could also be helping because you passed This takes snace and time, but no gas or on your original, non-polluting flame of gen­ electricity. Keep refrigerators away from order to be paid for their services, medical uine enthusiasm. Think of the organizations stoves. ovens, and heating vents that can doctors w1l1 be forced to abide by the that may continue to fight because of the cause it to lose its cool. You can ~o as far as treatment guidelines set by HEW. Medi­ moral support of one more person. If noth­ having a locker outside to cool things ln the cal doctors will essentially become po­ ing else, think of sense of worth that any winter. litical doctors. advancement will bring to your formerly pas­ The sun can do marvelous thin~s. My This shocking reality has caused doc­ sive lives. mother makes a wonderful teed tea. letting the sun heat the water whlle the tea bags tors around the country to demand that The next step is to find out what you're PSRO be repealed. fighting about. then find out who. The 11- just sit. Using mirrors the sun can boll brary has all kinds of books and magazines water in twenty minutes. Some houses have Mr. Speaker, let me assure our col­ that explain what the energy crisls is doing been bullt with hot water heaters used only leagues that if they have not heard an and wtll be doing to this country and it's to supplement the sun, which ts used to heat outcry from the doctors in their districts economy. By joining the organizations that the nool, bath, or whatever hot water is yet, they can expect to after the January are fighting with you, you can receive all the needed for. implementation deadline becomes law. Don't waste hot water either. It costs for information that they have on the subject. I encourage my colleagues to join me The government also has pamphlets that will the water and the power to heat lt. A drip­ help you tremendously. ping faucet lets dollars down the drain A in reintroducing H.R. 9375 on Novem­ Now, we get down to the truly individual bath uses more than a seven minute shower. ber 13. activities, the first of which is to get your After following these steps and doing your Before yet another bureaucracy is cre­ car in tune. An out-of-tune car burns con­ share, go out and brag about it; show those ated to restrict our freedom, I urge other siderably more gas. Then you should con­ five friends your enthusiasm, and pass it on. Members to join me in an effort to repeal tinue to have your car checked at the inter­ It is the only way to get those thousands of PSRO. vals recommended by the manufacturer. A other passive people into the ball game. I insert the resolution of the Louisiana 35962 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 State Medical Society opposing PSRO system !rom additional governmental inter­ sociation business. That man just a few years ference. I have received numerous letters earlier had been Mississippi's first High and my letter to our colleagues, as fol­ from physicians across the country indicating School Supervisor in the State Department lows: their alarm at the impending implementa­ of Education, and at that time was super­ RESOLUTION No. 6: CONTRACTUAL AGREE­ tion of PSRO. To date, H.R. 9375 is supported intendent of the lar(;est school system in the MENTS BETWEEN THE LomsiANA STATE by the Louisiana State Medical Society, the state. MEDICAL SOCIETY AND ANY BRANCH OF Indiana State Medical Society, the Kentucky You could not help but observe that Dr. GOVERNMENT State Medical Society, and the Tennessee Ivy enjoyed a wide acquaintance with and a Whereas, quality medical care can only be State Medical Society. warm acceptance by educators there assem­ offered to citizens of this state and nation I would appreciate your joining wlth me bled from all sections of our region. The whereby health care professionals are free to in sponsoring this legislation. If you wish to vigor and alertness he exhibited amazed me. employ their unfettered, free, and independ­ do so, please contact Nick Ashmore o! my I resolved then I would strive to emulate ent judgements and skills, and, staff, 53901, by the close of business Monday, this educator who had just turned forty the Whereas, there exists court decisions stat­ November 12th. year before. That was a large order I gave ing, "That which government subsidizes, it With kindest regards. myself which I was never able to fill. shall control", and, Sincerely, II Whereas, the physicians of Louisiana in­ JOHN R. RAlUCK, In this special moment of recognition !or tend to continue to render medical services Member of Congress. one of its most prominent charter members, to all citizens seeking said services with each the Mississippi Association of School Admin­ physician exercising his own independent H.R. 9375 istrators truly honors itself when it reviews judgement and sk111in providing the highest A bill to amend title XI of the Social Security the achievements and the brilliant record of possible quallty o! medical care and that any Act to repeal the recently added provision Horace McCauley Ivy. dental of clalms of beneficiaries of federal for the establishment of Professional The full story of this man's life-that of programs of health insurance must be solely standards Review Organizations to review his forebears, his childhood, his education, a function of government, and, services covered under the medicare and his employment experiences which varied' Whereas, it wl11 best serve the publlc in­ medicaid programs. from working as a laborer ln a sawmill, as a terest for physicians and their organizations Be it enacted by the Senate and House scientist in the U.S. Bureau of Standards, as to remain free from control of pollticians of Representatives of the United States of a bookkeeper, as a teacher of La,tin and and their assigns, and, America in Congress assembled, That part B Greek, as a high school coach and principal, Whereas, no law, Including H.R. 1 (PSRO of title XI of the Social Security Act (as as a college professor, as state high school section), demands that physicians or their added by section 249F o! the Social Security supervisor, as superintendent of schools, and organizations are mandated to enter into Amendments of 1972) is repealed. as founder and director of Associated Con­ contracts wlth the Federal Government or SEc. 2. Title XI of the Social Security Act sultants in Education-is an exciting one and assume responsibUlty for PSRO function, it is further amended- an inspiration to hear. being an entirely voluntary option, (1) by striking out "AND PROFESSIONAL A part of this story has been narrated by Therefore, be it resolved, by the Louisiana STANDARDS REVIEW" In the heading; and Dr. Ivy and taped for the Living History state Medical Society House of Delegates in (2) by striking out "PART A-GENERAL PRo­ Records of the Southern Association of Col­ special assembly this the 28th day of Aprll, VISIONS" immediately before section 1101. leges and Schools. Should you have occasion 1973, that it does: to be in the Atlanta ofllce of the Association (1) Reamrm standing prior policy to !or­ go to its Library and Archives and listen to bid any contractual arrangement, both di­ the saga of this great leader in Southern rectly and indirectly, through commitment TRIBUTE TO DR. H. M. IVY education, the Emeritus Superintendent of by a separately sponsored Foundation or the Meridian Publlc Schools. other organization by whatever name, be­ As a college student Horace Ivy made many tween Louisiana State Medical Society or any Hon. G. V. (SONNY) MONTGOMERY teams--debate, oratory, baseball, football, assign it may sponsor and any branch of gov­ OF MISSISSIPPI track, and chess. ernment both federal and state or any sub­ IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES As a practicing school administrator he division thereof, and, further, also belonged to many teams--some he (2) Instruct that copies o! this resolution Monday, November 5, 1973 captained. Some of these teams were the wlth accompanying appropriate statements Mississippi Education Association, the or cover letters be forwarded wlth all due Mr. MONTGOMERY. Mr. Speaker, it Southern Association of Colleges and Sec­ possible haste to is my very deep privilege to represent a ondary Schools, the Century Club, the Na­ (a) All members of the L.S.M.S. man who is considered to be one of the tional Education Association, the Board of (b) The Federal Congressional Delegation outstanding educators of this Nation. Trustees of Millsaps College, the Board of of Louisiana He is Dr. H. M. Ivy, emeritus superin­ Trustees of George Peabody College for (c) The A.M.A. Board of Trustees tendent of the Meridian, Miss., public Teachers, and the Board of Trustees of In­ (d) All afftliated States Societies of the schools. I feel very fortunate to have stitutions of Higher Learning in Mississippi. A.M.A. been under his tutelage myself as a young m (e) Mr. Marvin Rowlands, Editor A.M. man. Dr. Ivy was recently honored by We know there is something especially News with request for reproduction tn an signlflcant and historic in being Number early issue of said publlcation. the Mississippi Association of School Ad­ (Adopted by House of Delegates, Louisiana ministrations for his accomplishments One. in and contributions to the field of edu­ Several years ago a friend of Dr. Ivy listed state Medical Society AprU 28, 1973.) a number of these firsts by this notable cation. Making appropriate remarks at educator some of which I now recite- WASHINGTON, D.C., November 6,1973. the time was Dr. Kirby P. Walker, him­ He organized and coached the first foot­ Re H.R. 9375, repeal of PSRO, section 249 F self an outstanding educator and emeri­ ball team in Mississippi which played in the of Public Law 92-603. tus superintendent of the Jackson, Miss., first interscholastic football game in the DEAB CoLLEAGUE: I expect to reintroduce public schools. I commend to my col­ state--Yazoo City vs Winona. His teams the above-captioned legislation on Tuesday, leagues the remarks of Dr. Walker which were so successful until it was not long November 13th. until he was known as the Polson Ivy coach. Section 249 F of PL 92-603 was added by outline the meritorious career of Dr. H. M.Ivy. He was the first high school supervisor the Senate to H.R. 1 and wl11 take effect employed in the State Department of Edu­ 1 January 1974. Thfs section establishes a The remarks follow: cation in Mississippi. network of Professional Standards Bevfew HORACE McCAULEY IVY: His FmST 90 YEARS He established the twelve-grade school Organizations to see that "appropriate pro­ The initial opportunity to see the subject system for Mississippi. fessional standards" are practiced by our na­ of these comments in action was in 1925 He organized the first vocational-technical tion's doctors. The organtzatfons tDfll be when the Southern Association of Colleges program in a Mississippi school district. charged tofth determtntng what medical prac­ and Secondary Schools convened in Jackson He published the first high school curricu­ tices are suitable. at the Edwards Hotel. lum bulletin in Mississippi. I am concerned wlth this and am firmly It was my first year in school administra­ He established the first junior college in a convinced that our nation's physicians have tion. publlc school district ln Mississippi. done an outstanding job of maintaining high As an obvious novice in such work, anxious He organized the state's first junior col­ professional standards. They simply do not to move ahead, I thought the school I served lege-hospital cooperative program for train­ need another federal bureaucracy to meddle should, in time, be regionally accredited. ing nurses. and interfere with the doctor-patient rela­ This accounted for my temerity in attending He was the first public school superin­ tionship. that Mississippi convention as an onlooker. tendent 1n the region to serve as president The legislation I have introduced, H.R. At that Jackson meeting my attention was of th& Southern Association of Colleges and 9375, would repeal this section of 92-603, quickly drawn to the one Mississippian who Secondary Schools. thus protecting our private medical dellvery seemed to be involved in all aspeots of As- He was the first chairman of the Southern November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35963 Association's Committee on Negro Colleges They have offered their considered succession was changed to provide that in and Schools. opinion on the constitutionality of the the event of the vacancy of both the offices of He was the first school superintendent in step being proposed. In order to provide President and Vice President, one or an­ Mississippi holding the PhD degree. other member of the Cabinet in the order He proposed the establishment of a teach­ my colleagues with the fullest possible therein provided should "act as President." ers' retirement system when president of background on this position, I am But the statute went on to provide that Con­ MEA. pleased to offer the comments of Profes­ gress should assemble within twenty days, He initiated and led a national movement sors Freund, Chayes, and Berger. presumably to consider what further action for federal aid to education. The comments follow: to take. He was chairman of the committee that LAW SCHOOL OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY, The 1886 statute was in turn replaced in chose the site and selected the first presi­ Cambridge, Mass., Novembef' 1, 1973. 1947 with the present law providing that in dent of Mississippi Valley State College. Hon. KEviN H. WHITE, the event of the vacancy of both the offices He was the first Mississippian awarded Mayor of Boston, of President and Vice President, the Speaker honorary life membership by the Southern City Hall, of the House of Representatives would act as Association of Colleges and Schools, followed Boston, Mass. President to be followed by the President pro by a similar award by the American Associa­ DEAR MAYOR WHITE: You have asked if, tempore of the Senate to be followed by tion of School Administrators. under the Constitution, Congress has the ranked Cabinet o:mcers for the remainder of He authored a book on alcohol and nar­ power to provide by statute for a special elec­ the then Presidential term. 3 U.S.C. 19. cotics. tion to fill the ofiice of President in the event These subsequent enactments are further He is the first nonagenarian member of the that both the ofiices of President and Vice evidence of the broad and flexible authority Mississippi Association of School Adminis­ President become vacant. In our opinion, available to Congress in fulfilling its Consti­ t rators cited for his outstanding service to Congress has such power. tutional mandate to provide for continuity his profession. Article 2, section 1, clause 6 of the Consti­ in the office of President in case of "removal IV tution provides: death, resignation or inability of both th~ The illustrious career of this distinguished "In Case of the Removal of the President President and Vice President." educator and friend has caused the Missis­ from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or In our view, the Constitutional text, the sippi Association of School Administrators to Ina.billty to discharge the Powers and Duties debates at Philadelphia. and the practice take this moment in this annual convention of the said O:ffice, the Same shall devolve on under the Constitution leave no doubt that to add its endorsement to the many cita­ the Vice President, and the Congress may by the Congress has the power to provide by tions by other organizations. Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, statute for a special Presidential election in Dr. Ivy, members of this organization wish Resignation, or Inabillty, both of the Presi­ the event the offices of President and Vice to acknowledge publicly their great debt to dent and Vice President, declaring what Offi­ President both become vacant. you for your life of service to education, not cer shall then act as President, and such Offi­ Yours very truly, only in Mississippi but in our nation. cer shall act accordingly, untU the Dlsabllity PAUL A. FREUND. Your never-falling courage to step out, to be removed, or a President shall be elected." ABBA~ CHAYES. speak out, and to persist for any cause you The matter was expressly considered in the RAOUL BERGER. advocated has been an inspiration and ex­ Constitutional Convention and the debates ample to all of us. show conclusively that the Framers intended [Second Congress. Bess. I. Ch. 8. 1792, 1 Your wisdom and acumen in pressing for to empower the Congress to call a special Stat. 239.] educational improvement have been impres­ election in those circumstances. Sec. 9. And be it further enacted, That in sive and fruitful. On September 7, 1787, it was moved in the case of removal, death, resignation or inabll­ Finally, your zeal for worthy achievement Convention that the Legislature should des­ ity both of the President and Vice President and your many professional accomplish­ ignate by law which oftlcer of the United of the United States, the President of the ments distinguish you as Mississippi's Num­ States would act as President in the event of Senate pro tempore, and in case there shall ber One School Administrator of the Twen­ vacancies in the ofiices of both President and be no President of the Senate, then the tieth Century. Vice President and that "such officer shall act Speaker of the House of Representatives, for Mississippi Association of School Admin­ accordingly until the time of electing a Pres­ the time being shall act as President of the istrators is proud and distinctly honored to ident shall arrive. James Madison objected to United States until the disabiUty be removed have the privilege of saluting you and con­ this language on the ground that it would or a. President shall be elected. gratulating you at this special occasion on prevent the vacancy in the Presidency from Sec. 10. And be it furthef' enacted, That this 22nd day of October 1973. being filled by a special election. He there­ whenever the offices of President and Vice fore moved to change the language to read President shall both become vacant, the Sec­ that the o:mcer who was designated to 11act retary of State shall forthwith cause a noti­ as President" do so "until such Dlsabllity be fication thereof to be made to the executive ON THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF removed, or a President shall be elected." of every state, and shall also cause the same A SPECIAL ELECTION Madison's amendment was carried and with to be published In at least one of the news­ minor styltstlc changes was incorporated in papers printed in each state, specifying that the ftnal text of the Constitution. electors of the President of the United States HON. JOE MOAKLEY The Second Congress, of which Madison shall be appointed or chosen in the several states within thirty-four days preceding the OF ~ASSACF.nJSETTS himself was a member, exercised this very power when it enacted the succession Act of first Wednesday In December then next en­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES March 1, 1'792, providing for a special election suing: Provided, There shall be the space of Monday, November 5, 1973 In the event of a simultaneous vacancy 1n two months between the date of such notlfl­ both Presidential and Vice Presidential of­ ca.tion and the said first Wednesday in De­ Mr. MOAKLEY. Mr. Speaker, the flees. 1 Stat. 239. Actions of the Plrst and Sec­ cember, but if there shall not be the space of question of special Presidential elections ond Congresses are traditionally given great two months between the date of such noti­ is one to which we must give consider­ weight on questions of Constitutional inter­ fication and the first Wednesday in Decem­ able attention. The Constitution charges pretation. Myef's v. U.S. 272 U.S. 52, 1'75 ber; and if the term for which the President Congress with specific responsibility for (1926). and Vice President last in office were elected enacting statutes which will provide for The text of the relevant sections of the Act shall not expire on the third day of March the orderly, democratic transition of of 1'792 is attached to this letter. You will next ensuing, then the Secreary of State shall power in the event that the President note that the Act provided for the special specify in the notlflca.tton that the electors election to be omitted if the double vacancy shall be appointed or chosen within thirty­ resigns or is impeached while the Vice occured within six months of the expiration four days preceding the first Wednesday in Presidency remains vacant. of the Presidential term. It also stipula.ted December in the year next ensuing, within In an effort to utilize this power to that the president pro tempore of the Senate which time the electors shall accordingly be provide for special elections, I intro­ (and if there was none the Speaker of the appointed or chosen, and the electors shall duced H.R. 11214 yesterday, a bill which House) should act In the Interim untU the meet and give their votes on the said first would, in essence, reinstate the 1792 Suc­ special election; and that the person elected Wednesday in December, and the proceed­ cession Act. should serve for a term of four years from ings and duties of the said electors and others Boston Mayor Kevin H. White has the next inauguration da.y following the spe­ Shall be pursuant to the directions prescribed cial election. These features are remarked in this act. taken an active role in presenting the here not to suggest that they are Constitu­ Sec. 12. And be ft further enacted, That the possibility of such legislation to the tionally required, but to indicate the ftex1- term of four years for which a President and country. In his investigations, he sought b1Uty that is available to the Congress in Vice President shall be elected shall 1n all the opinions of three of the Nation's deallng wlth the practical questions involved cases commence on the fourth day of March most distinguished experts on constitu­ in a special election. next succeeding the day on which the votes of tional law, Harvard Profs. Paul Freund, The Act of 1792 remained law for almost a the electors shall have been given. Abram Chayes, and Raoul Berger. century. Then the mechanism of Presidential Approved, March 1, '1792. 35964 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973

IT'S TIME TO CHANGE COURSE prices for bread. Overall, it is expected that This article offers us a glimpse of Sen­ the end of 1973 will see food costs rising from ator BENTSEN's ability to seek out pri­ 18 to 22 per cent over a year ago, and food orities and formulate mechanisms for prices cannot be frozen or set too low by HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN price controls without drying up supply. We dealing with complex questions. I am OF ILLINOIS have seen this happen in the case of meat. please to enter it into the REcoRD: IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Government policies must change to en­ HIGHWAY LEGISLATION: A RETROSPECTrVE AND A courage American business, industry and ag­ LOOK AHEAD Monday, November 5, 1973 riculture to produce more, not less, and those (Senator Bentsen, a Democrat !rom Hous­ Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, there policies must change quickly. There are ton, Texas, was elected to a full six-year term are many areas in which Congress has many examples. It makes little sense to in November of 1970. In 1948 he won a spe­ been lax in its responsibility to the maintain stiff price controls on gasoline, cial election to Congress and served con­ heating oil and other petroleum products at secutively as a Representative in the 8oth American people. One of the major prob­ a time when there is a severe shortage of through the 83rd Congresses. A former county lems is that Congress is reluctant to these essential fuels. This is certainly not the judge, Senator Bentsen graduated !rom the stick to a budget. We must cut Govern­ way to encourage crude oil production in the University of Texas with an LL.B. degree. ment spending at every opportunity and U.S. or the construction of new refineries From 1942 to 1945 he served in the U.S. Army require the Congress to only spend those which are critically needed in this country. and rose from the rank a! private to major moneys which are available. At a time when there is world-wide compe­ and squadron commander. The results of irrational governmental tition for all natural resources and for mar­ The Senator had planned to speak to the kets, it makes little sense to propose federal Annual National Highway Conference in spending have pushed this country into legislation which would cripple U.S. com­ Wichita, Kans. last month. When he was higher and higher national debt. A recent panies operating manufacturing and mar­ forced to cancel because of a heavY legisla­ editorial by the Star-Tribune Publica­ keting facillties overseas. These companies tive schedule, ARBA asked him to prepare tions, in the Third Congressional District strengthen markets for American goods and an article, the result of which appears above.) of Dlinois, points out many of the bolster our sinking balance for payments. Yet The Federal Aid Highway Act of 1973 is now dangers of excessive governmental con­ such legislation is proposed. It makes little law. After some 29 Conferences and nearly trol mixed with spending irresponsibility. sense to cripple with regulations the innova­ three months of meetings, Senate and House tive capacity of U.S. pharmaceutical com­ Conferees emerged with comprehensive leg­ I should like to submit this editorial for panies which once led the world in research, islation that calls !or some $20 billion in the information of my colleagues: development and introduction of new drug Federal funds, primarily !or highways, over IT's TIME To CHANGE CoURsE products and which now are falling behind the next three years. Each day the total cost of government pharmaceutical companies of other nations. I wlll be ofrank to say that I believe this is increases, and it takes another bite out of It makes little sense to regulate the competi­ a good law. It is in the nature of Conferences the take-home pay and the personal in­ tive free market out of existence-the free that no single group w111 be entirely pleased dependence of the American people. When market which has always been the consumer's with every provision in the legislation; in­ the actions and growth of government no finest guarantee of the greatest volume and deed, we expect that in the nature of com­ longer benefit the people and instead begin highest quality goods and services at the promises. to disrupt and dislocate the affairs of the lowest possible prices. But it is important to note that we lost nation and the lives of the people, it is These are just highlights of some of the this blll last year. We lost it during the final time to change directions. dislocations in our national life in which gov­ hours of the 92nd Congress when there was There seems little question that we have ernment policies, often shaped more by po­ a call !or a quorum in the House of Repre­ come to a turning point in history. Up to litical thinking than reality, have played a sentatives. As a result, the highway construc­ now, we have been a nation of surpluses. We central role. Perhaps it would be too much tion industry and milUons of Americans lived have had the most productive, vital economy in this day and age to suggest that the best with uncertainty over our highway program in the history of nations. OUr strength was government is still the one which governs for many months. so great that we could afford waste and least. But, in the light of all that is happen­ With this blll, we have ended the un­ errors and inconsistencies in government's ing, it seems eminently reasonable to state certainty. Now we have a three year highway adminlstration of its own affairs and in its that for the U.S. a better government would bill which can give members of the industry management of matters affecting the basic be one which governed at less cost and with and the general public a sense of confidence economics control11ng the production of more regard !or the realities of the world that our highway program will proceed. such essential things as food and energy today and for the conditions necessary to the When I assumed the Chairmanship of the supplies. We could almost afford excessive successful functioning of the economic sys­ Senate Transportation Subcommittee, I was expansion in public welfare programs in an tem upon which every person in the United determined to move as expeditiously as pos­ effort to deliver, at taxpayer expense, the States depends for his livelihood and his sible to get our highway program moving good life to all our people. We could tolerate future. once more. Construction was slowing or massive federal deficits that would have sunk stopping in many States, and workers were most countries and have brought a gradually being laid off. Accordingly, I held hearings accelerating rate of infi.ation to our own. But HIGHWAY LEGISLATION in February and reported a blll to the Floor now people of many nations have become on March 1, the first major piece of legisla­ more afiluent and are competing for the good tion the Congress considered this year. We life. In a shrinking world, there is interna­ HON. J. J. PICKLE passed our bill on March 15 and, slightly over tional competition for natural resources. The OF TEXAS a month later, the House of Representatives acted on its own measure. U.S. must bid for these. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Suddenly, we are no longer self-sufficient There has been considerable talk since the in the vital matter of supplying ourselves Monday, November 5, 1973 passage of the compromise blll about who "won" or "lost" in the final agreement, par­ with essential petroleum products. We must Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the October Import massive and increasing quantities. We ticularly in regard to the mass transit issue. can no longer control the cost of our energy issue of American Road Builder contains I must reject such simplicities. The truth is supply and hold that cost at a low level. other an article by Senator LLOYD BENTSEN, Of that both sides gave substantially to reach nations are willing to pay more, and we must Texas which amply illustrates the Sen­ an accord. bid against them. We must export goods to ator's foresight and leadership capability. The Senate gave up ran mass transit from the Trust Fund until fiscal 1976; the House pay fdr the oil which we buy abroad. Among As the chairman of the Senate Trans­ our most Important exports are agricultural gave up its absolute insistence that no funds portation Subcommittee, Senator BENT­ shall be diverted !rom the Trust Fund for commodities, for which there is a growing SEN helped marshal the effort to strike a world demand. We must reverse a 40-year non-highway related purposes. policy of limiting our !arm production to reasonable compromise between those There are two significant facts to remem­ hold up prices. We must encourage the plant­ wanting to open the Federal highway ber when reviewing this feature of the 1973 ing of new acres and the production of farm trust and those opposing the alteration Act: the first is that the great bulk of the commodities for sale 1n the international of the trust. funds, approximately $18.5 billion, wlll stlll markets. Higher demand for food supplies As we all know, the new highway bill be strictly !or highway-related purposes. will mean higher prices for groceries at the Only urban system funds can be utilized at molded an effective and reasonable com­ local option for bus or ran 1n the final two local supermarket. Like our energy supply, promise from this potentially volatile our food supply is going to cost more. Re­ fiscal years, and that represents a very small situation. The continuity of our highway gardless of poHtical pressures, there is noth­ percentage of the total. The second is that, ing that government can do to maintain the improvement program is insured in the by delaying the use of trust funds !or fixed tradition of cheap energy and cheap food. new bill, but provisions are included for rail unt11 fiscal 1976, we have given the Con­ Record-high world demand for grain and ris­ beginning assistance to mass transit gress time to enact alternative legislation ing grain prices inevitably mean higher needs in urban areas. which wlll be directed specifically at Jl?.ass November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35965 transit. If some assured source of urban During this time, I do not intend to let the House. There was a close friendship transportation funding, such as a new trust my Subcommittee lie dormant, and I suggest between the two men. fund, is enacted prior to that time, the fiscal that you in the industry resist the impulse Bonner Fellers was one of that rela­ 1976 diversion wm not occur. to rest after the struggle. For 1f we do not On balance, then, the final bill repre­ plan ahead, we run the risk of acting too tively small, yet select and capable, breed sents a victory, not for "highways" or for abruptly, with little consideration for the of men who wore their country's uniform "mass transit," but a victory for continuity larger issues of transportation which are in those difficult years between World in our bUilding program, a victory of cer­ of paramount concern to millions of Wars I and II. It was not a popular thing tainty over doubt and confusion. Americans. in those days to be a career soldier, or, Of course, there are other significant fea­ I shall look forward to hearing from you for that matter, any type of soldier. The tures in the highway bill, and it is unfortu­ in the months ahead, and I pledge you an war to end wars had been fought and nate that the emotional debate over this one open door to discuss your views on the issues concluded in Europe in 1918. Disarma­ issue has eclipsed some of the substantial I have raised. accomplishments found elsewhere in the ment and perpetual peace were the hopes legislation: of all. The military in this country had On the question of "Interstate transfer," to fight for every dime they got-and the use of funds from Interstate segments GEN. BONNER FELLERS there were not many of them-to main­ withdrawn from the system, the Conferees IN MEMORIAM tain our Defense Establishment. decided that trust fund moneys to be spent Yet, men of the caliber of Bonner Fel­ on withdrawn Interstates cannot be used for lers were not dismayed nor discouraged. mass transit. If a local government and They stayed on. Promotions were few and a state wish to exchange these trust funds HON. WILLIAM G. BRAY slow; indeed, they were almost nonex­ for general revenues, that, on the other hand, OF INDIANA wm be permitted. This provision, largely istent. Fifteen years after his graduation overlooked, prevents a potential invasion of IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES from West Point, Bonner Fellers, in spite the Trust Fund in the amount of $5 blliion Monday, November 5, 1973 of the glowing efficiency reports he re­ to $12 b11lion. ceived from his superiors, was stm a first A new program, the Priority Primary Sys­ Mr. BRAY. Mr. Speaker, on October 7, lieutenant. tem, authorizes some $600 million over three 1973, Brig. Gen. Bonner Fellers, U.S. We owe him-and those like him-so years to upgrade our primary roads, many of Army, retired, died at Georgetown Uni­ very much. They stayed on, they were which are in severe disrepair. versity Hospital. there, they were ready when we needed We have acted to cut the "red tape" so He was a man known to many of us, strongly criticized by the road builders and them. And they served honorably and other groups by introducing a new form of in both the House and the Senate, and well. procedure to approve highway projects on he had our admiration, respect, and af­ One of the most poignant, touching systems other than the Interstate System. fection. My administrative assistant poems ever written on the passing of a This procedure called "Certification Accept­ worked for him for almost 2 years, in soldier was by the English poet A. E. ance," allows the Secretary of Transporta­ 1960-61. He often spoke to me of how Housman; it appears in his Last Poems: tion to accept a certification of the capab111ty much he had learned from this intel­ of the state to perform its duties under the ligent, hard-working, gentle and patient Soldier from the wars returning, law. The Secretary would be required to make man, "who more than self his country Spoiler of the taken town, a final inspection of the projects upon com­ Here is ease that asks not earning; pletion; however, many of the burdensome loved." Turn you in and sit you down. interim steps would be eliminated and much Since 1946 he had been in retirement from the Army, but had kept up an ac­ Peace is come and wars are over, of the responsib111ty would devolve upon the Welcome you and welcome all, states. This provision should cut months and tive, keen interest and involvement in While the charger crops the clover even years from the lengthy approval process. the affairs of his country. His last 27 And his bridle hangs in stall. The conferees have assured fair and equi­ years, spent here in Washington, saw table treatment for our larger metropolitan him deeply committed to those things Now no more of winters biting, centers by assuring that funds attributable to he believed in, and fought and worked Filth in trench from fall to spring, urbanized areas of over 200,000 in popula­ Summers full of sweat and fighting tion must be distributed according to a rea­ for. Indeed, one can say that he never For the Kesar or the King. left the service of his country. Gen. sonable formula developed by the states. Rest you, charger, rust you, bridle; Those innovative provisions and the Bonner Fellers never really retired. Kings and Kesars, keep your pay; dozens of others in this blll require a careful Now, as it is written in Pilgrim's Soldier, sit you down and idle reading by the industry and the public. The Progress: At the 1nn of night for aye. 1973 Federal Aid Highway Act 1s much more He passed over, and all the trumpets than a simple extension of past programs or sounded for him on the other side. But before Bonner Fellers could rest a confiict between the forces of mass transit "at the inn of night for aye," there was and the highway construction industry. It ts I have no doubt that, in whatever Val­ much for him to do, and much in his life. a complex interrelated series of provisions halla is reserved for those who wore the Following are obituaries from the Wash­ which represents continuity as well as uniform of their country with pride and change. courage and honor, as did Bonner Fel­ ington, D.C., Post, the Washington, D.C., Now that the 1973 Act 1s behind us, what lers, that when he entered the great hall Star-News, and his hometown paper, the can we look forward to in highway legisla­ there was a shouting and stamping and Danville, ID., Commercial-News: tion? a clashing of swords upon shields, in [From the Washington, D.C., Post] I suggest that we cannot afford to relax BRIG. GEN. BONNER FELLERS, RETIRED, DIEs and let the legislation go its own way for salute and welcome. the next three years. As long as I Chair the Even though he did not die on the field (By Megan Rosenfeld) Transportation Subcommittee, I intend to of battle, his passing, I believe, was in Retired Brig. Gen. Bonner Fellers, 77, who monitor the administration of this new law the spirit exemplified in the following served as military secretary and director of and to develop plans for the future. lines: psychological warfare for Gen. Douglas We have an Interstate program that wlll MacArthur during World War ll, died Sun­ be ending someday, and we are going to So now these waiting dreams are satisfied day at Georgetown University Hospital after have to plan for the post-Interstate period. From twillght to the halls of dawn he a heart attack. went; In Section 107 of the Act there 1s a provision A longtime resident of Washington, Gen. which declares that following the completion His lance is broken; but he lies content Fellers retired from the Army in 1946 after of the Interstate, we wll1 place increased With that high hour, in which he Ilved and winning two Distinguished service Medals emphasis on the construction and recon­ died. and two Distinguished service stars. After struction of the other Federal-aid systems And falling thus, he wants no recompense, his retirement he became a spokesman and that have been allowed to deteriorate. But Who found his battle in the last resort; organizer for several conservative political Nor needs he any hearse to bear him hence, that 1s not enough. We also have to take organizations, including For America and a close look at the Section 134 planning Who goes to join the men of Agincourt. The Citizens Foreign Aid Committee. A native of Ridge Farm, ni., and a 1918 process to assure that we maintain coopera~ General Fellers graduated from West tlon between the local units of government Point on November 1, 1918. From nlinois, graduate of West Point, Gen. Fellers taught and the Federal Government. We have to mathematics at the m111tary academy from take a look at other features of the highway he had a direct congressional appoint­ 1924 to 1929. program. In short, an era. Is ending, and It ts ment from that true giant of the Con­ In 1935 he joined Gen. MacArthur 1n the time for us to take stock and to decide where gress, Representative Joseph "Uncle Joe" Philippines where he acted as liaison between we have been and where we are going. Cannon, who also served as Speaker of MacArthur and Phllippine President Quezon 35966 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 for three years and was honored with the and from 1940 to 1942 was the U.s. combat Hunt, also a former resident of Ridge Farm PhiUppine Distinguished Service Star. observer in the North African campaigns and an internationa.lly known war cor­ He then returned to West Point, where he against the Nazis. Hts reports of the Libyan respondent and author, had this to say: taught English for a year. desert battles and the Crete operation and "This (Fellers') reports of the great Libyan In 1940 he was sent to Cairo, Egypt to observations and prophecies on the Middle desert battles and the crete operation and serve as this country's first mtlitary attache East situation were praised as models of hls observation and prophecies on the whole there since 1922. He was awarded a Distin­ clarity and accuracy in a citation tor the Middle East situation were otftcially· recog­ guished Service Medal for his reports of the Dtstingutshed Service Medal. nized as among the most brilliant Army Libyan desert battles and the Crete opera­ Af.ter several months of lecturing on tank intelligence work of the entire war." tion, and his observations and prophecies on warfare in training campaigns in 1942, Gen. AWARDED MEDAL the Middle East situation. In presenting the Fellers was ordered to the Southwest Pa­ medal, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson cl:flc theater, where MacArthur assigned hlm Ordered home, he was promoted to said, "His reports to the war department were to head a joint planning section at his head­ brigadier general, and Secretary of War models of cla.rity and accruracy ." quarters. Henry L. Stimson personally awarded hlm In 1943, he rejoined MacArthur as his mili­ Gen. Fellers helped plan the successful the Distinguished Service Medal. tary secreta.ry and personal observer of front Hollandia operation against the Japanese in Gen. Fellers was with the omce of Stra­ line combat in the Southwest Paci:flc theater. New Guinea. He became MacArthur's mut­ tegic Services (OSS) briefly, then was He also headed a psychological warfare tary secretary and personnel observer of assigned to the staff of his old commander, drive against the Japanese troops and home­ front-line combat and also headed a psycho­ Gen. MacArthur. As chief of the Joint Plan­ land population, telling them through air­ logical warfare effort against Japan's combat ning Section G-3, General Headquarters, he dropped leaflets, radio broadcasts and loud­ troops and civ111a.n population. For that pro­ masterminded the Hollandta. operation, speakers that continued resistance would not gram Gen. Fellers received a second Dlstln­ which broke the back of the Japanese forces save the island from total destruction from gutshed Service Medal. in New Guinea. No Americans were kllled in U.S. !bombing and that Japanese militarism He accompanied MacArthur on the :flight the landing. had betrayed their Emperor. from Manna for the Japanese surrender in After that, he became MacArthur's m111tary For this campaign, Gen. Fellers was award­ Tokyo Bay. secretary and personal observer of front line ed a second Distinguished Service Medal. He served on MacArthur's staff in Japan combat. In addition, he headed the psy­ Mter the war ended, Gen. Fellers served with after the war untll retlrlng in 1946. Since chological warfare effort against the MacArthur in helping to re'bulld Japan. then he had frequently lectured on na­ Japanese. For this he won a second Distin­ He retired in 1946, joining the Republican tional defense and foreign aid and wrote gulshP,d Service Medal. The citation read in National Committee as an assistant to the "Wings for Peace," a book about defense. part: "Through his outstanding professional chairman and specta.l adviser to Sen. Robert From 1947 untn 1952 he was an asststa.nt ablUty and resourcefulness, Gen. Fellers A. Taft on Air Force matters. Gen. Fellers to the Republican Party's national chairman, contributed in a marked degree to Japan's resigned from the committee when Gen. directing the GOP veterans division. surrender and the initial success of the mtli­ Dwight D. Eisenhower was selected as the Gen. Fellers received the Distinguished tary occupation." He :flew with MacArthur RepubUca.n presidential candidate instead of Service Star of the PhUlppines and two years to Tokyo Bay to partlcipate in the surrender Taft in 1952. ago the emperor of Japan conferred on hlm aboard the battleship Missouri and worked In 1952, Gen. Fellers wrote "Wings for the Second Order of the Sacred Treasure "in with hlm during the next year in the task Peace, a Primer for a New Defense." The recognition of (his) long-standing countri­ of rebuilding Japan. book, which advocated a strong defense based butlon in promoting friendship between Ja­ GIVEN SECOND STAR on airpower, won Gen. Fellers a. citation of pan and the United States." honor from the Air Force Assocta.tion. Gen. 'Fellers for some time was director of At the July 4, 1946, celebration of Phlllp­ "The surest defense of New York and Chi­ For America, an organization dedicated to pine independence, Gen. Fellers received hls cago 1s the ab1Uty to wipe out Moscow," he paltriotic nationallsm, and also headed the second Distinguished Service Star, from said in a speech in Aprll, 1953, to summarize Citizens Foreign Aid Committee, a taxpayer President Manuel Roxas. hls defense theory. group. Following his retirement from the service, He was appointed national director of For Gen. Fellers was born in Ridgefarm, Dl. Gen. Fellers ~ote and lectured on national America, a organization dedicated to "en­ He leaves his wife, the former Dorothy defense and foreign aid, including an appear­ lightened political nationalism," in 1954. As Dysart, a daughter, Nancy, and four grand­ ance in Danville for the annual Chamber of a trustee for the "Campaign for the 48 States" daughters. Commerce dinner meeting. For five years, in 1955, he spoke out against "creeping so­ 1947-52, he was an assistant to the chairman cialism," and for decentralization of federal [From the Danville (Dl.) Commercial/News] of the RepubUcan National Committee. Then for more than 10 years, he was chairman of power. GENERAL FELLERS' RITES FRIDAY Gen. Fellers chaired the Citizen's Foreign the Citizens Foreign Aid Committee, an Aid Committee from 1959 to 1969, urging Funeral services for retired Brig. Gen. organization dedicated to reducing U.S. cuts in foreign aid and increases in defense Bonner F. Fellers, one of Vermtllon County's monetary assistance abroad. spending in testimony before several con­ most decorated military leaders, will be His most unusual foreign citation came Friday at Ft. Myers, Va. Burla.l wUl be in gressional committees and ~mbcommittees. Jan. 12, 1971, when Emperor Hirohito of He Is survived by his wife, Dorothy, of the Arlington National Cemetery. Gen. Fellers, Japan conferred on hlm the Second Order home at 8535 Sprtngland La. NW., a daughter, 77, died Sunday (Oct. 7, 1973) at his home of the Sacred Treasure "in recognition of Nancy, and four granddaughters, Amy, Mary, in Washington, D.C. your long-standing contribution in promo­ Georgianna and Dorothy Lear of Sumner, Fellers, a native of Ridge Farm, served ting friendship between Japan and the Md. more than 30 years in the Army, much of United States." it as a chief aide to Gen. Douglas MacArthur, Gen. Feller ls survived by hls wife, retiring in November, 1946. fFrom the Washington (D.C.) Star-News] Dorothy, a daughter Nancy, and four grand­ He was born Feb. 7, 1896, was graduated daughters. GENERAL FELLERS DIES AT 77; SECRETARY TO from Ridge Farm High School ln 1918, and MAcARTHUB attended Earlham College in Richmond, Ind., And there are even more things to tell Retired Army Brig. Gen. Bonner Fellers, for two years. Rep. Joseph G. Cannon ap­ of this man. His long-time, close personal 77, a military secretary for Gen. Douglas pointed him to West Point in 1915, and he friend, Frazier "Spike" Hunt, journalist MacArthur during World War II and later was graduated three years later. and writer, had this to say of him: Fellers had two tours of duty in the an assistant to the chairman of the Repub­ A SHORT BIOGRAPHY OF BONNER FELLERS Ucan National Committee, died Sunday in Phtlippines prior to attending the Army Staff Georgetown University Hospital. He lived on and Command School, Ft. Leavenworth, Kan. (By Frazier Hunt) Springland Lane NW. Upon graduation in 1935, he was ordered Brigadier General Bonner Fellers' army Gen. Fellers was a 1918 graduate of the back to Manna. There he joined the staff career has extended over three decades and U.S. Mllltary Academy. During one of two of Gen. MacArthur, serving chiefly as llaison his experience has encompassed the world. assignments there as an instructor, he was between hlm and President Manuel Quezon of He has spent 14 years in foreign service. assistant professor of English. the Phllippines. For his contribution to the Twice Fellers has crossed the Soviet Union. In 1933 he was among the first lieutenants Phlllppine defense effort, President Quezon Few men are more fully alive to the Com­ selected to attend the Command and Staff honored him with the nation's Distinguished munist menace and the rising perU our coun­ School at Ft. Leavenworth, Kan. Service Star. try faces both from within and without. Mter graduating in 1935, Gen. Fellers re­ Followtng s11udy at the Army War College In 1933 Fellers, age 37, had been a Lieu­ turned to the Phlllppines for his third tour in Washington, Fellers was ordered overseas tenant for 15 years. This year the Fort Leav­ there and joined Gen. MacArthur, then again. His rise from captain to colonel was enworth, Kansas, Command and Staff SChool. launching hls Phllippine Defense Program. rapid, and from 1940-42, he was the American formerly restricted to senior officers, was For almost three years he was a llalson be­ combat observer with Gen. Bernard Mont­ thrown open to Lieutenants. Fellers was tween MacArthur and Phtlippine President gomery's British Middle East Command in among those selected. As a prerequisite to Quezon. the desert campaigns against German Field graduation each student submitted a mono­ He attended the Army War College here Marshal Erwin Rommel. The late Frazier graph on a military subJect of hls own se- November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35967 lection. Prophetically, as it later developed, General Bonner Fellers was born in a Yet, there are things beyond duty; there Fellers chose "The Psychology of the Japanese Quaker home in Ridgefarm, Illinois, Febru­ are times, for certain men, In their lives, Soldier." ary 7, 1896. For two years he attended Earl­ when they quite literally sit at the elbow Following has 1935 graduation, Fellers was ham. College. He was appointed by Uncle Joe of Clio, the muse of history, and by their sent back to the Ph111ppines for his third Cannon to West Point, where he was grad­ tour of duty. There he joined General Mac­ uated in 1918. Twice he was detailed to the actions change the course of world Arthur who was launching his PhUlppine Point as an instructor-the second time, as events. Defense Program. Fellers' principal job was Assistant Professor of English. The story has not yet been written, but liaison between MacArthur and President NoTE.-Frazier Hunt died before he could some day must be, of what was probably Quezon. Mter nearly three years on this as­ have included Fellers' most unusual Jap­ one of the most significant and far­ signment, he was ordered to Washington, anese Citation. On January 12, 1971, His reaching acts of the entire Pacific war D.C., as a student in the Army War College. Majesty, The Emperor of Japan, conferred during World War Bonner Fellers had For his contribution to the Phllippine De­ on Fellers The Second Order of the Sacred n. fense effort, President Quezon honored him Treasure "in recognition of your long stand­ traveled in Japan before the war. He had with the Distinguished Service Star of the ing contribution in promoting friendship be­ made many close friends. He knew the Phlllppines. tween Japan and the United States." people and the country well: He knew From 1940-42, Fellers was the American the best of the country, and he also had Combat observer in the desert campaigns And there were the touching words an everlasting and deep affection for against Rommel. His reports of the great spoken at his funeral in Arlington Na­ those things of Japanese culture and Libyan desert battles and the Crete opera­ tional Cemetery, on October 12, 1973, by tradition that were the best. He also tion and his observations and prophecies on Chaplain (colonel) Porter H. Brooks, knew the growing m1lltar1stic philosophy the whole Middle East situation were of­ Post Chaplain at Fort Myer: ficially recognized as among the most bril­ among some Japanese that eventually liant Army Intelllgence work of the entire GRAVESIDE COMMI'rl'AL SERVICE FOR RETIRED led Japan into war. war. Ordered home, he was made a Brigadier ARMY BRIGADIER GENERAL FELLERS What he knew eventually led him to General, ad Secretary of War Henry L. Stim­ AR.LINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY, one of the most important acts of h1s son personally awarded him the Distin­ October 12, 1973. entire career. He helped to give Gen. guished Service Medal. The Cituation read Genera.! Bonner Fellers had a long and distinguished ca,reer in the United States Douglas MacArthur the information and in part: "His reports to the War Department guidance and data that led to Mac­ were models of clarity and accuracy. Colonel Army commenc'lng with his graduation tn Fellers, by personal observation of the bat­ 1918 from the United States Mllitary Acad­ Arthur's unquestioned success as Amer­ tlefields, contributed materially to the tac­ emy, West Point, New York. There were so ican proconsul in Japan during the first tical and technical development of our many high points in his service it is dif­ years of the occupation. Japan, once an armed forces." ficult to single out those which merit repeti­ enemy, a beaten and devastated country, For several months after his return, Fel­ tion on th1s solemn occasion when we gather was turned into a strong, new nation, and lers lectured on tank warfare in our train­ to hallow his memory and pay our final trib­ an ally of its former enemy, the United ing camps. Mter serving a short time in the ute of respect to him and to God. States. Planning Section, Office of Strategic Serv­ Early in his career it became appM'ent that ices, Fellers was ordered to the Southwest he was destined for high positions of leader­ Now the last ruftles and flourishes have Pacific Theater. There General MacArthur ship. As a lieutenant he was selected to at­ sounded; the rumble of the wheels of the assigned him to head the Joint Planning tend the Command and General Sta1f Col­ caisson and the crash of the final volleys Section G-3, General Headquarters. lege at a time when it normally was re­ have faded; the last salutes have been The Hollandia operation, which broke the stricted to senior officers. In 1935 he joined rendered. back of the Japanese forces in New Guinea General Douglas MacArthur's staff in Manila. We mourn the passing of a man trained and in which no Americans were killed in His study of the Far East situation and pro­ found understanding of the Japanese men­ for war, but a man who loved peace, and landing, was his conception. Following this who knew that winning and keeping a operation, Fellers became MacArthur's tality enabled him to make a unique con­ Mllitary Secretary and personal observer of tribution to the Phllipine defense plan. peace is a harder struggle by far than front line combat. In addition, he headed a Later, as an observer, in North Mrica his winning a war. I would like to close this successful Psychological Warfare effort analysis of desert warfare conducted by the tribute with a poem called "An Old against Japanese combat troops and the Germans under Rommel became instrumen­ Song," by the Jewish poet Yehoash; I Japanese homeland population. tal in shaping Allled strategy. Reassigned to believe it ts fitting for this man who so By drop leaflets, radio, and loudspeaker, the Southwest Pacific, he made important loved peace, home, family and country: enemy troops in the Ph111ppines were told contributions to the defeat of Japan by his that their combat, even were victory pos­ direction of psychological warfare activities, In the blossom-land Japan sible, could not save their homeland from took part in the surrender ceremonies, and Somewhere thus an old song ran. total destruction by U.S. bombing. The Jap­ later introduced the Emperor of Japan to Said a warrior to a smith anese home population, by radio and leaflets, Geneml MacArthur. "Hammer me a blade forthwith. wa;s told-truthfully-that Japanese Mili­ It has been said he contributed immeas­ Make the blade tarists had betrayed their Emporer and they urably to the Japanese defeat but worked Light as wind on water laid. must demand immediate peace. just as indefatigably to the binding up or Make it long For this effective program, Fellers was the Japanese wounds following the war. As the wheat at harvest song. awarded a second Distinguished Service The great mark of his life was his posi­ Supple, swift to ~edal. The Citation, in part, read: tive, pacific approach his fellow man and as a snake without rift. Through his outstanding professional abil­ the problems of society. In this he mOdeled Full of Ughtnings, thousand-eyed I ity and resourcefulness, General Fellers himself after his mentor and friend, Herbert Smooth as silken cloth and thin contributed in a marked degree to Japan's Hoover. He lived completely by the Inner As the web that spiders spin. surrender and the initial success of the mili­ Light. In his personal life he was utterly de­ And merclless as pain, and cold. t ary occupation". voted to his family. In his publlc life he fear­ "On the hilt what shall be told? Fellers accompanied General MacArthur lessly accepted responsibillty. Instead of when he flew from Manila to take the sur­ straddling an issue he was always willing to "On the sword's hilt, my good man," render in Tokyo Bay. During the next year, make a decision and then defend it posi­ Said the warrior of Japan, he worked with the Supreme Commander in tively, fairly, and factually. "Trace for me the task of rebuilding war-torn Japan. Basically a kind and honorable man it was A running lake, a flock of sheep For the July 4, 1946, Celebration of Phlllp­ said by one who knew him best that he was And one who sings her child to sleep." pine Independence, MacArthur and his staff a model of self-control, gOOd cheer, Quaker flew to Manna. There President Roxas dec­ calm, and steadiness. He never lost his orated Fellers with a second Distinguished temper. GERALD B. LAMBERT AWARD TO Service Star for his contribution to Philip­ We mourn his loss, we celebrate his great achievements, we entrust his soul into the KANSAS CITY AREA HOSPITAL pine liberation. ASSOCIATION Since his retirement from the service in never-falling care of God, our heavenly November 1946, Fellers has written and lec­ Father. tured on national defense and foreign aid. Chaplain (Colonel) PORTER H. BROOKS, Post Chaplain, Fort Myer, Va. HON. RICHARD BOLLING For five years, 1947-52, he was an assistance OF MISSOURI to the Chairman, Republican National Com­ There is still so much that has not been mittee. He is the author of the book Wings told. Someday, it must-and will-be IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tor Peace, a primer for a new defense. For Monday, November 5, 1973 the past ten years, he has headed The Citi­ added to the history books. zens Foreign Aid Committee-(to aid Amer­ Modest man that he was, he saw what Mr. BOLLING. Mr. Speaker, in these ican taxpayers). he did as his duty-and nothing more. days of high medical costs and shortages 35968 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 Archie Bunker speaking? No, it's a crude juveniles, TV, and parents who must cope of medical personnel, I would llke to but fair translation of what a lot of heavy­ singlehandedly with both influences. point out that the Kansas City Area weight educators are saying to each other "Where you used to assimllate young­ Hospital Association was 1 to 10 award­ about American high schools. They use bigger sters [into society] at 12, now you don't untll winning entries of this year's Gerald B. words, of course, but the idea isn't so· dif­ they are 20 or so," says Dr. James Beckler of Lambert Award which is given for in­ ferent: the National Foundation for the Improve­ novative and imaginative ideas which "With every decade the length of schooling ment of Education. "We may have ruined a have resulted in improved patient care has Increased, until a thoughtful person must whole generation of kids in terms of learn­ and/or reduced costs in the health care ask whether society can conceive of no other ing what the responsiblUties of a citizen are way for youth to come to adulthood," says in terms of work." field. The Gerald B. Lambert Awards educational authority James S. Coleman in "The opportunities for growing up are not were established in 1971 by Mrs. Lambert the foreword to a recently published study as plentiful," says Owen B. Kiernan, execu­ ln memory of her late husband. This commissioned by the President's Science Ad­ tive secretary of the National Association of year 1, 718 ideas from every area of the visory Committee. Secondary School Principals. He says his country were reviewed by the organiza­ HACKLES WILL RISE AGAIN organization's report wlll talk about "action learning," educationese for letting kids out tion in its 1973 search for innovative Coleman's panel conceived of a lot of other and imaginative ideas dealing with of class from time to time to do something, ways, Including experiments with easier paid or unpaid, in the real world. hundreds of problems faced every day child-labor laws, a lower minimum wage for Another worry is that high schools are by health care professionals. youngsters, using big kids to teach little stlll trudging down a rut originally worn The Kansas City Area Hospital As­ kids, more service corps like the old CCC or when they were elite institutions designed sociation was 1 of 10 recipients of the the modern VISTA, and taking the stigma off to train a minority of bright students to 1973 award for a program they developed, dropouts by making it easier for them to drop go to college. College 1s still the goal most back ln. laymen imagine the high schools prepare titled "Shared Training for Nurses As­ Some of these suggestions have raised sistants." This is a cooperative program their children for, but most young people hackles among teachers• organizations. They don't go to college. Most who do, drop out. for entry-level nursing assistants where­ earned Coleman's commission a New York The roughly 20 percent who finally get a de­ by nine hospitals in the city use a single Times wa.rntng about the horror of child gree often find they can't get a job related curriculum, taught in conjunction with labor. But-with apologies to my high-school to it. the city's vocational technical school. English teacher-them folks ain't seen THE TRY-rr-FmST IDEA Approximately 545 have been trained at nothing yet. "I think compulsory education beyond 14is The Nixon Administration has been trying a per student cost of $40, with training unconstitutional," says chairman B. Frank to deal with this by promoting "career educa­ in skills deemed useful and necessary by Brown of the National Commission on the tion," a favorite project of Sidney P. Mar­ future employers. This represents a Reform of Secondary Education. His commis­ land, Jr., assistant Secretary for Education unique and practical blending of educa­ sion may make Coleman's look tepid when it in the Department of Health, Education, and tion and industry. Each hospital's in­ unloads a study this autumn suggesting Welfare. The concept embraces everything we roll back the school-til-16 rule that has from the famlllar shop classes to "distribu­ structional staff has thus been freed to tive education"-jargon that frequently provide other essential programs for staff been almost sacred in this country for close to half a century. means parttime work in a store. Marland development. The National Association of Secondary insists he does not want to shunt youths I would like to be among those to ex­ School Principals and a Federally sponsored into the job market as fast as possible but tend my congratulations to the members committee headed by educator John Henry to give everybody, college-bound or not, the of the Kansas City Area Hospital As­ Martin are supposed to come up with further ablllty to get a job at any point in his educa­ sociation, to the executive vice president, high-school studies soon. They will probably tion. He sees this as a vocational lifeline if Mr. Dell Nyland, and those member hos­ stick to the school-tlll-16 rule, but they will college doesn't pan out, or an opportunity for question the good sense of keeping all young­ teen-agers to try a field before committing pitals who participated in the program, themselves to four years of preparation for for their fine achievement and recogni­ sters so long in a classroom system that some educators deride as "the aging vat." it. tion in being one of the recipients of this The most radical idea growing out of this year's Lambert Awards to reduce costs to "RECOUPLING THE GENERALIZATIONS" ferment is Brown's proposal to cut back com­ the health care field. There are a lot of reasons why educators pulsory education. A surprisingly large num­ have begun in just the past few years to ber of educators from Marland on down are look askance at the C.eeply felt American attracted to the idea in theory-since com­ belief that we all benefit by getting as much pulsory-education laws are so widely flouted book learning as possible, whether we want that absenteeism hits 50 per cent in some U.S. HIGH SCHOOLS: JUST it or not. Coleman's report, for instance, is inner-city high school&---'but frightened of AN AGING VAT? suffused with dismay over evidence that we it in practice. have herded our young people into a hostlle "Like most educators, I have mixed emo­ "youth culture" by keeping them in resent­ tions about compulsory attendance," explains HON. ALBERT H. QUIE ful and babyish dependence at an age when Ober. "My guess is that if you get rid of OF MINNESOTA previous generations of Americans were compulsory attendance, your attendance IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES learning responsibutty and self-rellance in would still be about the same as it is the real world of work. now.... But it could be a terrlflc cop­ Monday, November 5, 1973 "The adolescent is more mature, larger, out: 'We'll turn them loose and let some­ Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, an article in and more experienced than his parents and body else worry about it.• What somebody?" the October 13 National Observer very grandparents were," says Nathaniel Ober, "We are not optimistic about revising our ably points out the arguments for giving superintendent of schools in Amityvllle, N.Y. economy so employment for llterally millions "At the same time, we are holding him 1n de­ of 16-year-olds is going to take place," says teenagers experience in the real world pendent status a lot longer than his parents Martin. "You want to know what the kids of work. Some persons quoted in the and grandparents. . . . It carries a pretty would do?" asks the principal of a Minnesota article even go so far as to suggest that large responsibllity for the acting out high school that many kids quit at 16. "Come the mandatory school attendance laws [troublemaking] you get from a proportion here at noon and see the wine bottles and be revised to lower the age from 16 to 14. of high-school students. You can pinpoint the beer cans in the street and the cars For many years, I have supported the some of it to continuing adolescence beyond driving around. The 'dropins' are a bigger concept of making the high school learn­ what makes sense to him or anybody else." problem than the dropouts." Brown says you can't do much teaching So the reformers who want young people ing situation more meaningful and to in an institution where so many inmates to spend more time out of the classroom increase the options available to stu­ are just waiting to get out, and raising hell hasten to insist they are not just planning to dents. I commend the article to my col­ in the meantime: "We have 66 per cent of dump them on the job market. They talk leagues in the hope that it will generate the school systems now employing police. instead of replacing the conventional school more public dialog on this whole broad . . . I was in one school that has been written with "something like a school" that helps issue: up seven times in four years as one of our its students experience jobs, apprentice­ U.S. HIGH ScHOOLS: JUST AN AGYNG VAT? great schools. I talked to 18 girls before I ships, volunteer work, and other out-of-the­ (By Michael T. Malloy) found one who wasn't afraid to go to the classroom activities that will add to instead rest room. They go to the gas station across of subtract from their education. The trouble with kids nowadays is they In this ideal high school a teen-ager might spend too much time sitting on their tails the street." in schoolrooms. Send them out to make a Martin talks of "recoupling the genera­ work in a hospital for awhUe to learn if he buck, rub them up against the real world tions" and worries that young people segre­ can stand the sight of blood before investing for a change, and maybe they'd stop a lot of gated so long from the grown-up world get his family's savings on medical school. Be­ fore becoming a parent he would learn about their foolishness. all their social "dos and don'ts" from other November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35969 small chUdren by helping to teach them. He end "vocational" track. Voters often rate runoff guidelines for all types of agricul­ would learn about other careers to perfect their school boards on the percentage of tural feedlots. the skUis he discovers they need. "He spins graduates who go on to college, without On July 5, 1973, EPA placed a notice in out of [school], spins back into it, is .ac­ thinking much &bout classmates who don't. cepted readUy, continues to higher educatiOn, "About half of those I've dealt with come the Federal Register relating to the is­ and always keeps his options open," from the suburbs, because they have nothing suance of permits under the new regula­ Marland says. there for their dropouts," says Fran Reed, tions. While most of America's small WORK-STUDY BENEFITS SEEN who counsels youths in a Minneapolis work­ farmers felt assured they would be ex­ study program !or hard-core dropouts. empt from the requirement to insert the So the youngster buUds his classroom Unions are wary of anything that smacks education around his growing awareness of septic tanks and settling ponds that are of cheap child labor or threatens to inundate necessary for proper runoff control in the real world instead of following an arbi­ their jobs with new competitors. A survey of trary formula of so many hours of math and the need for people trained in the graphic large feedlot operations, the family farm­ so many hours of English. At the same time arts found that Minneapolis businessmen er's expectations soon changed to feelings he learns things such as independence, car­ believed they needed 1,000 more, and the of deep concern. ing for old people or young ones, and maybe unions thought they didn't need any. In the September 7 Federal Register, even to trust some people over 30. Students themselves may see out-of-school EPA published an outline of proposed "You'd learn that 1f the boss gives you a opportunities as just an opportunity to get coverage under the effluent guidelines dirty job to do, it isn't because he doesn't out of school. An attempt to visit one young like you but because he's got a dirty job that and standards of performance-and in­ man in Minneapolis' hard-won construction­ dicated there would be total coverage of needs doing," explains Paul Muller, assistant work program revealed that he had arrived an director of vocational programs in the Min­ hour late that morning and was now two all farm operations. This announcement neapolis schools. It's that kind of lesson­ hours overdue from lunch. Such things rein­ brought a :flood of mail from family that the job and the product are more im­ force educators who say out-of-school learn­ farmers in Wisconsin to Mr. Philip Wis­ portant than you and your problems-that a ing w111 require more instructors and money man of the EPA Information Center. student can hardly expect to learn in a than classroom education in which one Wisconsin has a preponderance of school, which exists only to worry about him teacher can keep an eye on 30 students at a small dairy farms, many of them in roll­ and his problems. time. Muller says an experimental work-study ing hilly areas that provide special run­ That brings us to what some teachers off 'control problems. Primarily the con­ program for 14-year-old potential dropouts bluntly call the high schools' "baby-sitting led to prompt improvements in their school function." It sounds crass, but at roughly $1 cern is how the family farmer with 30 attendance, grades, and performance on a per hour per child the public schools are a milk cows or 50 brood sows or 100 beef "lying-faking" test. It led youngsters with baby-sitting bargain, with a gymnasium and cattle will be able to comply with the rotten grades to discover, in one boy's words, a classroom education thrown in for free. If standards, bear the inevitable financial "You know, math is just as useful a tool as action lear.ning or career education doesn't burden, and still remain in business. a hammer is." "keep the kids off the street," it is likely to Fully recognizing the importance of run­ In follow-up interviews two years later, be unpopular and quickly forgotten. 85 per cent of the youths said the work­ off guidelines, I nevertheless take issue study experiment had helped prepare them TEACHERS ARE DOUBTFUL with enforcement standards that· would, to hold a job. Fewer than 10 per cent of the Teachers sometimes fear the whole out-of­ by means of an undue :financial penalty, youngsters in a control group could name any school idea is a gimmick to dump their stu­ increase the emigration flow of Ameri­ school program that had helped them that dents--and a lot of teachers-on the job ca's farmers. way. market. They also argue that it's hard for Because the exact dimensions of the Well, it sounds nice, but there are obsta­ anyone else to improve on their tried-and­ cles: parents, teachers, business, labor, and true classroom methods. coverage and latitude of enforcement to government, to name a few. "Students can learn a great deal in work be required by EPA is a matter of specu­ Minneapolis is a good laboratory in which places, but they will learn it better if the lation on all fronts, I was pleased to note to view the problems and successes of this learning takes place under the direction of a a recent telegram from ~bert Samson, kind of program. Superintendent John B. professionally qualified teacher," said John A. EPA's Assistant Administrator for Air Davis, Jr., a member of Coleman's panel, has Sessions, an AFL-CIO education official, and Water Programs, to all Regional Ad­ tried to tie the schools to the real world with speaking against some of Marland's notions ministrators. It is my firm belief that experiments that have allowed thousands of last winter. "I have never attempted to mllk a cow, but I am vain enough to think tha.t this statement establishes a binding com­ teen-agers to try their wings at everything mitment that EPA will provide a proper from construction sites to ballet studios. I could develop a better curriculum on how comment and hearing period before any CONVINCING THE COMPANIES to do it than could most dairy farmers." The point, though, is not to produce school "across the board" enforcement of the· A program to place 50 students on part­ children who can mllk cows, but to turn effluent guidelines can be realized. I time construction jobs required convincing them into grownups who may never have to hereby submit this correspondence for unions and employers that it would work, see a cow again. then convinci.ng the companies that their the attention and information of my col­ "I'm sure he would have dropped out," leagues: insurance would cover the youngsters, then Jeanette Sweeney says of a big a.nd thor­ convincing the insurance companies that it oughly bored young man who was approach­ WASHINGTON, D.C., October 15, 1973. was all legal, and then riding herd on the ing the school-leaving age of 16 last year at To: All Regional Administrators. boys themselves at scattered construction Champlain Valley Union High School inVer­ In order to provide the very large number sites. It required special waivers from several mont. Mrs. Sweeney helps direct an exten­ of farm organizations and other interested state and Federal agencies, it cost more than sive program of out-of-school experience for groups the fullest possible opportunity to a full-time classroom program, and this au­ students there. "That boy needed nothing comment on our proposed feedlot regulations, tumn it was only half full because construc­ more than good, hard, physical work. We got the comment period will be extended untll tion work is slack in Minneapolis. him some, on a dairy farm and later at a November 12, 19173. An announcement to this State laws may require so many hours of lumber company. And guess who's back in effect wlll appear in the Federal Register a subject in each grade. Physical-education school this fall?" shortly. teachers in one Minneapolis school promptly As noted in my telegraphic message of raised that legal issue when it looked like October 1 the agency intends to restrict the part-time work assignments of 18 students coverage of the proposed efiluent guidelines would cut a job from their department. State and standards of performance, published in aid to local school districts is generally based EFFLUENT RUNOFF GUIDELINES the Federal Register on September 7, (Vol. on the number of chUdren in school, so local 38, No. 173, p. 24466) to those feedlots re­ officials may worry about cutting their finan­ quired to obtain an NPDES permit under the Federal Register notice of July 6, 1973 (Vol. cial throats 1f they let too many out. HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER 88, No. 128, p. 18000). CHILD-LABOR LAWS OF WISCONSIN While it is the intention of EPA to address ChUd-labor laws forbid hiring children IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the pollution problems posed by larger op­ under 16 to operate a power lawn mower or Monday, November 5, 1973 er&tions first, interested parties shoud be in­ to push the buttons on a self-service eleva­ formed that it is anticipated that efiluent tor. A 17-year-old may operate a machine Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. limitations guidelines for feedlots smaller gun in the Marine Corps or a lathe in a shop Speaker, when we approved the Federal than the stated sizes w1ll be established. At class, but he can't operate the same lathe for Water Pollution Control Act Amend­ such time, of course, full opportunity for pay in a commercial machine shop. ments of 1972, Congress established the comment would be provided. RoBERT L. SANSOM, Parents often don't want anything that authority whereby the Environmental Assistant Administrator for Air and seems to shunt their children down a dead- Protection Agency is to set up effluent Water Programs. 35970 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 HELMS AMENDMENT A SERIOUS and protecting the rlgb.lts o! women and men and expensive abortion. The decisions on o! all backgrounds, economic levels, and po­ abortion by our highest courts have been MISTAKE lltlcal affiliations, are compelled to express widely accepted throughout the United our shock and indignation with regard to States as the law o! our land. In fact, 1n the precipitous adoption by the Senate of an April 1973 Harris poll, '16% agreed that HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS a previously unconsidered, undlscussed. and unless abortions are legalized, many women OF CALIFORNIA discrlmlnatory am.endment to the Foreign wlll die from having mega! and badly done abortions. It would clearly be unwise and un­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Assistance Act o! 1973, proposed by Sena.rtor Jesse A. Helms o! North carolina. The effect just to attempt to Impose a viewpoint abroad Monday, November 5, 1973 o! this amendment is bastcally twofold: it inconsistent with our own courts' decisions would &rbltrarily ban access to medically made for the welfare o! the American people. Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, on Octo­ safe abortion procedures !or the overwhelm­ This would create an untenable double ber 3, the Senate adopted an amend­ ing majority o! women in all underdeveloped s:tandard. We belleve that we must reinforce ment to the Foreign Assistance Act of countries which rely directly or indirectly our commitment to securing human free­ 1973, which would prohibit the use of on U.S. aid, even those in which it is already doms and improving the quality o! ll!e in AID funds for abortion services, aborti­ perfectly legal, and lit would bring to a ha.ltt all nations. For these rea.sons, we urge you facient drugs and devices, information the bulk of vital and promising scientific not to allow this irresponsible, emotionally­ and education about safe abortion, and research o! the last decade on developing charged amendment to become law. the support of scientific research de­ safe, effective and inexpensive methods of Sincerely, family planning and pregnancy terminaltion. Larold K. Shulz, Executive Director, Coun­ signed to develop safe methods of abor­ In the less developed countries of the cil for Christian Social Action, United tion. This amendment, offered from the world, where contraception is as yet unavail­ Church o! Christ. floor by Senator JE:ssE HELMS of North able, abortion 1s the most wtdely used meth­ A. Dudley Ward, General Secretary, Board Carolina, was unfortunately adopted in od o! preventing unwanted births. It is usu­ of Church and Society, United Methodist haste, without consideration of its very ally practiced under even more prlmitlve and Church. broad and negative impact on the health da.ngerous conditions than American women Arvonne Fraser, National President, Wom­ and well-being of women and families faced until only recently. Abroad, the inci­ en's Equity Action League. dence o! serious infections and death result­ Ele.a.nor Marvin, President, National Coun­ in the less developed nations of the world, ing from these uns&fe conditions and inept cil of Jewish Women. and without ample consideration of the practices is even more shocking. In Latin Deborah P. Wolfe, National Chairwoman, vast implications of its impact on the America., for example, the Population Refer­ Legislative Program, American Association freedom of scientific inquiry. ence Bureau reported this year that almost of University Women. Enactment of the Helms amendment one-hal! of the available blood for transfu­ Joan Harriman, President, Catholics for would result in serious and dangerous ob­ sions in emergency rooms is utilized for Free Choice. stacles to the quality and range of health compllcations of abortion. In 1969, one Latin Rev. Elizabeth S. Miller, National Minis­ care which may be made available to American coullltry reported that deaths from tries, American Baptist Churches. those women in the developing nations abo1'1tion complications represented 35% of William P. Thompson, Stated Clerk, United the total maternal mortality. We in this Presbyterian Church, U.S.A. who receive assistance through U.S.-sup­ country have removed restrictions on abor­ Ray Tucker, Chairwoman, Executive Com­ ported health programs. It is my under­ tion art; least In part to safeguard American mittee, Rel1g1ous Coalition for Abortion standing that we provide aid to nations women against the risks to health which Rights. precisely because we recognize that they lllegal abortion Imposes. To the extent that Dr. Raymond C. Hopkins, Executive Vice­ do not have the capacity or resources to abortion is legal in other countries, surely President, Unitarian Universalist Association. meet the grave health and economic we must encourage extension o! safe medical Lllilan P. Benbow, National President, problems which they face. Moreover, it procedures to women who receive assistance Delta Sigma Theta, Inc. through programs directly under U.S. spon­ Doris E. Hanson, Executive Director, Amer­ seems to me that the amendment con­ sorship or lndlreotly through the United Na­ Ican Home Economics Association. travenes that which we in this country tions and other multilateral organizations. Arlie Schardt, Associate Director, Washing­ have recognized as necessary to safe­ Moreover, to the extent that It 1s lliegal in ton National Office, American Civil Liberties guard the health of American women­ other countries, safe medical aftercare for Union. that is, legal abortions under adequate women who have undergone induced abor­ Mary E. Pardee, President, United Presby­ medical supervision. In addition, the tions should be encouraged. To do otherwise terian Women. amendment would cripple not only a large is both regressive and discrim1natory, and Elizabeth Steel Genne, President, National portion of on-going and future research could only result in suffering and de81th for Board, Young Women's Christian Association. millions o! women and, moreover, in great Dorothy I. Height, President, National in human reproduction but would also hardship for mother.less chlldren and !am.l­ Council o! Negro Women. affect other areas of scientific research, Ues throughout the less developed nat1ona. Carol Burris, President, Women's Lobby. since many important and life-saving Already too little worldwide attention and Alan Guttmacher, President, Planned Par­ drugs have an abortifacient side effect. resources have been devoted to the develop­ enthood Federation of America, Inc. A large number of national organiza­ ment of fertll1ty control technology. It is Judy Senderowttz, zero Population tions, including the National Organiza­ obvious that much human suffering can be Growth. tion for Women which has been very avoided through safe and effective family Ann Scott, Vice President, Legislation, Na­ active in the struggle for preservation of planning and pregnancy termination meth­ tional Organization for Women. ods. A prohibition on drugs and devices Audrey Colom, Vice Chairwoman, National legal abortion, have already protested might result in banning intrauterine de­ Women's Pol1t1cal Caucus. the hasty and ill-considered amendment vices, which are widely accepted both in Rahea Mojica Hammer, Vice Chairwoman, and the manner in which it was adopted. this country and abroad as a safe and effec­ National Women's Political Caucus. In a joint letter to the conferees, more tive birth control method, the once-a-month Bobble Kilberg, Vice Chairwoman, National than 20 national organizations argued plll, and other beneficial and ll!esaving tech­ Women's Political Caucus. against the Helms amendment, stating: niques which are in wide use but which James A. Wood, Jr., Executive Director, To the extent that abortion is legal in may, as a side effect, be abortifacient. Fur­ Baptist Joint Committee on Public Atfalr. other countries, surely we must encourage thermore the situation is heavily clouded extension o! safe medical procedures to with biological uncertainty as to when preg­ women who receive assistance through pro­ nancy begins: with fertilization, with 1m­ grams directly under U.S. sponsorship . . . planation, or after forty days as some OPENING JOB DOORS FOR OLDER It would be clearly unwise and unjust to theologians hold. In addition, a prohibition WOMEN attempt to impose a viewpoint abroad in­ on research in this area o! human health consistent with our own courts' decision would not only jeopardize necessary scien­ made for the welfare of the American people. tific research into the sociological and phys­ iological causes and effects of abortion but HON. PATRICIA SCHROEDER Mr. Speaker, at this point I would like could seriously damage other important re­ OF COLORADO to insert the full text of this letter in search areas. This would include research IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the RECORD. on most of the effective drugs against cancer, Monday, November 5, 1973 UNITED CHtJRcH o• CHRIST Co'ONcn. certain antibiotics, a major class of anti­ FOR CHRISTIAN SoCIAL ACTION, bacterial agents, such as tetracycline, and Mrs. SCHROEDER. Mr. Speaker, one 'washington, D.C., October 12, 1973. prostaglandins, which offer promise in the treatment of infertility, hypertension, of the resolutions passed at the NOW Bon. J. W. FuLBRIGHT, Convention this summer created a new U.S. Senate, asthma, and duodenal ulcer. WaaMngton, D.C. We believe that restrictive abortion laws task force on older women. Its functions DEAR SENATOR FuLBRIGHT: We, the under­ do not stop abortion; they only condemn included investigating how women could signed organizations concerned wtth securing women to the butchery o! lllegal, dangerous more effectively document cases of age November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35971 discrimination, as well as promoting af­ A Ci-vil Service study shows, however, that Republican Party was the choice of the firmative action legislation to insure that older women stick to their jobs. Turnover electorate for the Presidency. rates for women in the1r early fifties are employers employ a percentage of older about one-sixth the rate for women in their And yet, GERALD FORD is not adequate women which fairly reflects their propor­ twenties. And a esc study among Federal to the enormous t.ask confronting a suc­ tion of available manpower resources. employees shows that women above 40 use cessor to President Nixon. The executive According to Department of Labor less sick leave than younger women. branch is in a literal shambles. Its morale statistics, 58 percent of aJl persons over is absent; it is in disarray. The people 65 are women, of whom 67.7 percent live have no confidence in the present ad­ alone. Many of these women are still ministration, and any individual as healthy and need to work, both for fi­ THE PROBLEM OF AMERICA­ closely identified with President Nixon nancial reasons and as a means of con­ THE PRESIDENT as is GERALD FoRD will su1Ier from that tinuing a productive role in society. Yet, lack of confidence. 35.3 percent of all women over 60 would HON. JEROME R. WALDIE The President should withdraw FORD like to work, but who are presently not in OF CALIFORNIA from nomination; place in his stead, the labor force, are not seeking work be­ Elliot Richardson, a man of great in­ cause they think that they cannot get a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tegrity and of proven administrative ca­ job. Monday, November 5, 1973 pability. Congress would confirm Rich­ Together with groups such as NOW, Mr. WALDIE. Mr. Speaker, during the ardson immediately. Then the President Congress has begun to recognize the troubled past few weeks I have been should resign. needs of older women and its responsi­ frequently asked to comment upon the Mr. Speaker, in the Berkeley speech I bility to support older women in their issue of impeachment of the President attempted to summarize for a concerned desire for gainful employment. One of which now so starkly confronts the Na­ student audience much of my own think­ Congress responses was to authorize tion and this Congress. ing concerning the reasons why the $60 million for title IX of the Older Many of the questions that I have re­ House must proceed forward with im­ Americans Act, which would provide ceived center around whether the im­ Peachment proceedings. I am otfering manpower training for older persons, peachment resolution which I intro­ those remarks for consideration at this both men and women. UnfortunatelY, duced with 30 cosponsors on October 23 time: this response has been negated by the has lost its meaning because the Presi­ ADDRESS OF CONGRESSMAN JEROME R. WALDIE, absence of any funding provisions for dent subsequently agreed to release the BERKELEY, CALIF., OCTOBER 25, 1973 title IX in the House, Labor and HEW controversial Watergate tapes. Americans in the numbers of the millions, appropriations bill. But the Senate was In the immediate aftermath of the this climactic and terrible past weekend, with more responsive to the needs of our older President's belated agreement to turn anger and outrage, fl.na.lly decided they would Americans and did appropriate $40 mil­ no longer tolerate a. President whose moral over the tapes, I made it absolutely clear authority to govern had diminished to unac­ lion dollars to title IX. The ultimate fate that his compliance with the court ceptable levels; and whose instability in deci­ of these programs now rests with the order, removed only one of the grounds sion, &nd. propensity !or creating crisis and conference committee. on which I and my 30 cosponsors sought encouraging brl.nk.ma.nship, ha.d reduced the Following is an article "Opening Job impeachment. Indeed, it occurred only credibility of America at home and abroad Doors for Mature Women," from the after the even graver attempt to ob­ to a dangerous low. September 1973 issue of Women and struct justice by firing Mr. Cox was car­ They have conveyed that message to a. Work which succinctly describes some of ried out. Congress not noted for courage in its rela­ the problems faced by older -women in tions with Presidents. That message is a The President cannot erase the past. simple one-the President-not events--but the job market. The long and varied attempts to obstruct the President is tearing America apart and OPENING JOB DOORS FOR MATURE WOMEN justice are accomplished fact, and no we can no longer abide his continuation in WASHINGTON.-They are dependable. They amount of stepping back from the brink office. He must be removed. He must be im­ are conscientious. They are competent. Yet can save the President. It was this mes­ peached--or he must resign. women over 30 4a.ve a. rough time iJn the Job sage that I delivered to a convocation of There has been increasing dismay in the market. students at the University of California, country as the revelations of corruption, A study by Ohio State University for the Berkeley, on October 25. deceit and arrogance involving the President, Labor Department's Manpower Administra­ Now, in the past week we have learned his appointees and associates have come tion reveals a discouraging employment sit­ forth in deluge propo~ions. There has been uation for mature women. A sample group of of the direct interference of the Presi­ building a. growing revulsion to this admin­ women in the study, aged 14 to 24, held the dent in the ITT case, of more allega­ istration predicated on a variety of outrages same or higher positions on the job ladder tions in the milk scandal, and, finally, and assaults, beginning with the sordid as­ than women 30 to 44, a. recent issue of Man­ the assertion that two vital tapes were sortment of crimes known as Watergate and power magazine reports. Nearly a third of the missing, and, therefore, not available to escalating daily to include charges o! Con­ older women had not progressed beyond the the courts. stitutional malfeasance in the conduct of jobs of their youth. The response of the American people the office of the Presidency. These charges What's worse, a good many of the working include domestic subversion, conducting married women with children had actually was all too predictable and understand­ bombing assaults on a. neutral country with­ moved backwards--their most recent occu­ able: the majority of the public simply out consent of Congress, and then deliber­ pational status was lower than before they no longer believe Mr. Nixon. The Presi­ ately lying to the country while falsi!ying marched to the altar. dent has lost his moral authority to official documents and reports to conceal Things get worse when a woman passes 40, govern, and he must now leave office, !rom Congress and the people its actions; the Labor Department says. The unemploy­ either by resignation or impeachment. ordering an acting Director of ·the FBI to ment rate for women 40 through 64 in 1972 I would hope the President would destroy evidence of its culpabi11ty; ordering was more than one-third higher than for the CIA to participate in domestic surveil­ men o! the same age. And o! 415,000 women recognize the danger to the N:ational se­ lance; condoning and ordering illegal wire­ 48 or older reported a.s unemployed in 1972, curtty posed by his continuation in office, tapping; breaking and entering, seeking to about 18 per~ent had been looking !or work and will respond to that recognition by a obstruct justice; selling government favors; 6 months or more. sel:tless act of resignation. seeking to subvert the First Amendment by The Age Discrimination in Employment I do not believe the Speaker should mounting an assault on the Nation's press. Act of 1967 says employers can't treat older succeed to the Presidency. Though he is The litany of crimes and outrages charged people-women or men-this way. But en­ capable of governing the Nation, the fact is sickening in its length, despairing in its forcement of this law ha.s proved d11ficult. volume, and horrt!ying in its consequences. Why do employers d1scrlminate against that he is a Democrat would preclude him from obtaining the necessary con­ And even so, until the cataclysmic events older women? First of all, because they are of this past weekend, though the Nation's women. Furthermore, they are falsely re­ fidence from the country that a new people were sickened, revolted and horrified garded as difficult to train, more likely to President must possess. If the Speaker by the revelation of the extent of rot that quit, and more apt to be absent when the succeeded to the office of President, the permeated the Presidency, they did not ap­ workday starts. So they find it hard to be Democrats would be subject to the criti­ prove the act of cleansing necessary for a hired and even harder to be trained for pro­ cism that we sought a legislative reversal "new beginning," the act of removal of motion. of the 1972 election returns where the Richard Nixon !rom office. 35972 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 I think I know why they felt that way, be­ world is an lllusion. In fact, we weaken our other year of dedicated and effective per­ cause I was one of them. I felt that surely position in that regard, if we allow a Pres­ formance. Operating under conditions of ex­ some way stlll existed., some method. was ident Without a domestic mandate to govern, treme pressure with ground rules constantly still available to permit the President to to represent the Nation in foreign affairs. changing, FS employees met each new chal­ remain and. to excise the rot With which he There is only one solution. lenge as it occurred. The favorable results had. surrounded. himself. I was refiecting a The problem of America is the President. achieved under the adverse conditions which general belief held by most Americans that The problem must be solved by his removal prevailed are a tribute to the professional upheavals in government refiect instablllty or resignation. skill and composure of the entire FS staff. and. weakness and. in addition, a mystic and. This has been a year Without precedent mistaken belief that men who occupy the in Midwestern agriculture and. in the FS Presidency are-or perhaps become-honor­ System. The year started with concerns about able men by virtue of the very offi.ce they THE SCOPE OF U.S. AGRICULTURE an energy crisis. It ended with concerns about occupy. a food crisis. Farmers and the FS System It is only, then, by the most extreme prov­ are deeply involved in both. After many ocation imaginable that the President can HON. EDWARD R. MADIGAN years of apparent surplus, suddenly we are be divested of those protective attitudes. faced with shortages and allocations. That provocation occurred this weekend. OF ILLINOIS Energy and Food-both are products of When President Nixon imperiously an­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES scarce natural resources. Prudent manage­ nounced he would not follow the orders of Monday, November -5, 1973 ment of these resources is essential if we are Judge Sirica and. further ordered. Special to meet the needs and the aspirations of Prosecutor Cox to desist from further ac­ Mr. MADIGAN. Mr. Speaker, the Wall an expanding world population. tivity that might endanger the President by Street Journal has been running a series Food and energy-both are experiencing involving him in culpable activity, the fuse of articles exploring the scope and role growing demand throughout the world. Sup­ was lit for the necessary provocation to of U.S. agriculture in this urban age. plies are limited, and. are not evenly dis­ strip him of the protective defenses of pub­ The October 15 issue of the Journal dis­ tributed among the nations. lic deference. Energy and food-both are major factors . The bomb exploded shortly thereafter cussed the growth of farmer-owned in world trade, in the balance of payments, when the highly respected Mr. Cox, the sym­ cooperatives. in the value of the U.S. dollar, and in inter­ bol to the American people that in fact cor­ FS Services, Inc., a large supply co-op national politics. ruption in high places would finally be based in Bloomington, ID., was featured What is our situation in these two vital ferreted out, was discharged for his refusal in this story. Because of the importance areas of concern? to abide by the unconscionable restrictions of co-ops to our agricultural economy, I ENERGY placed. on his activities by the President. thought that you would be interested in The "energy crisis" has received much pub­ The explosion increased. in intensity when the remarks made by E. V. Stevenson, licity in recent months~me of it factual, the two most trusted. high omcials of the executive vice president and general and. some highly emotional. I wlli not at­ NiXon Administration, Attorney General tempt a complete review, but wlll touch on Richardson and Deputy Attorney General manager of FS Services, to their annual some of the highlights which have signifi­ Ruckelshaus resigned. or were fired. because meeting this year. cance to agriculture and food production. their honor and their integrity would. not I hope that the Members who have ex­ Our nation runs on energy. Our entire permit them to participate in the "judicial pressed such concern about the energy economy, and the life styles of our peoples, branch coup" that President NiXon sought crisis will make special note of the po­ are based on using massive amounts of en­ to accomplish. tential disastrous impact that short­ ergy. With 6 % of the world's population, we The impact of the dismissal of perhaps the are using one-third of the world's energy. last 3 remaining men of honor and. integrity ages of fertilizer and petroleum sup­ plies might have on next year's food Untn recently, our supplies of energy were in high positions in that Adm1n1stration, cheap and plentiful. coupled. with the President's announced. in­ production. Our nation's use of energy has doubled in tention to continue his defiance of the Mr. Stevenson's remarks follow: the last 20 years. Unless we significantly Court, was total, and overwhelming. BALANCING OUR RESOURCEs--FOOD FOB CRUDE change our habits, energy consumption wlll The outrage and. anger of the Nations• You have heard the results of FS Services double again in the next 20 years. people that exploded immediately was un­ operations for :fiscal 1972-73. Volume and Where does all this energy come from? forseen and unprecedented. But it was com­ earnings set new all-time records. The Three-fourths of it is supplied by crude on pelling. It compelled a frightened President financial condition of your company re­ and natural gas. Most of the rest comes from to perform, once again, a total reversal of mains strong. coal. Only minor percentages are supplied by intent 11ght at the brink of contempt. It we look back on the year with miXed emo­ nuclear and water power. compelled a normally uncourageous Con­ tions. We are disappointed that we were un­ For at least the next 10 to 15 years, we will gress to begin Impeachment proceedings, and able to supply as much fuel and fertillzer continue to rely primarily on on and gas. it, hopefully, wlll yet result in a cleansing as members wanted. But we are pleased that Coal has great potential, but expansion is of the problem of America--the problem of we were able to supply greater quantities limlted. by increasingly strict air quality its President-by commanding his removal than ever before in our history. standards, strip mining limitations, mine or resignation :from omce. We take this opportunity again to express safety problems and labor problems. Nu­ There has been speculation as to whether to FS member companies our congratulations clear power wll play an important role even­ the President's act, in belatedly and. with and our deep appreciation for making this tually, but lead times are long and delays are poor grace, seemingly complying with Judge record possible. We are very conscious of the frequent. Other sources of energy-such as Sirica's order will lessen the anger and out­ fact that FS Services does not create sales geothermal, solar, oil shale, conversion of rage and therefor permit him to continue in volume. Sales are created in the country, solid wastes, etc.-are tun to talk about, and omce. by FS member companies. It is our job to may be important some day, but are unlikely I do not believe so. The anger and outrage service these sales, and to do it effectively to be significant in the next 10 to 15 years. that compelled. a beginning of the cleansing and profitably. The cohesiveness and the un­ We come back to oil and gas as our major process wlll not dim1nish. It was not precipi­ derstanding support of the entire FS system sources for meeting expanding demand. What tated solely by his refusal to turn over the makes our job easier, and makes it possible is the situation in natural gas? disputed tapes, and therefore that action wlll for us to be more effective. not restore to the President the confidence We thank the Farm Bureaus in our three NATURAL GAS he has lost. states for creating the FS System, and for The outlook for natural gas supplies in the That loss of confidence and that anger have their continued support and encouragement next few years is not too bright. For the been building for many months as each suc­ through the years. past five years in the U.S., we have been using cessive outrage has been disclosed. There is We thank also the FS Board of Directors, on gas faster than we have been finding it. Our no way, in my view, that the President can whose behalf these annual reports are pre­ proven reserves of natural gas have been de­ restore confidence. His past transgressions sented. This is a fine board of directors. con­ cllnlng. Dally production peaked 1n 1972, and have been too numerous, and too great. His tinually demonstrating broad understanding is now on a downward curve. Present known future transgressions lle undisclosed., but it and mature judgment. Their ab111ty to work reserves in the U.S. (including those in is too much to ask one to believe there will as a team, with each other, and with manage­ Alaska) 'are only 12 times the current rate be no more. ment, without compromising their individual of consumption. Will the uncertainties of the international principles nor their broad accountability, No one is suggesting that we wnl run out scene lend strength to those who argue "we has been most impressive. of gas in 12 years. New reserves wUl be dis­ cannot remove the President ait this time. We thank the inter-regional supply co­ covered. Imports can supplement our sup­ We need his strength to confront an uncer­ operatives--Universal Cooperatives, National plies. And eventually, we wlll produce some tain and hostile world?" If there is no Cooperative Refinery Association, and CF In­ gas by conversion of coal. But most forecasts "strength" at home, 1! his capacity to govern dustries-for their excellent performance indicate tha.t all of these supplemental sup­ has been eroded to unacceptable levels be­ which contributed significantly to FS's re­ plies combined will do no more than main­ cause of actual or perceived moral deficien­ sults. tain our present rate of gas production. Sup­ cies, then his "strength" to confront a hostne And we thank the entire FS staff for an- plies wlll not keep pace with the growing November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35973 demand. This means that in the future, we Can we do anything to avoid our heavy re­ market for oil is a seller's market, not a will need to use natural gas much more care­ liance on imports of oil? One alternative buyer's market. World prices are escalating fully than in the past. would be to restrict our demand. It certainly rapidly. Imported oll is no longer cheap--it What is the slgn11icance of natural gas to makes sense to do everything we can to con­ is higher priced than our own domestic farmers? We are all aware that natural gas serve our scarce energy supplies. But to solve supplies. is important for crop drying. We are perhaps our total problem by reducing demand would The prospective oU imports create a seri­ less aware that most propane (LPG) 1s ex­ require a drastic change in the life-style, and ous balance of payments problem for us. tr&Cted from natural gas-and that a decline in the standard of living, of the American Unless we fl..nd additional exports to offset in natural gas production leads to reduced people. Perhaps this will happen someday. At the imports, the value of the dollar wlll con­ supplies of propane. L&ek of propane and the present time, however, we do not see tinue to be under pressure in world mukets. natural gas at critical harvest periods can many signs that the American public is ready jeopardize the entire crop. to make these drastic changes. FOOD Natural gas is extremely important to farm­ Another alternative would be to find more How are we going to pay for the oil im­ ers in another way. Natural gas 1s the princi­ oil in the U.S. Most experts agree that we ports our nation needs? Expanded exports pal raw material for anhydrous ammonia. still have large undiscovered reserves of oil­ of farm products is the key. We need oil­ And all nitrogen fertilizers (except the or­ primarily in the outer continental shelf-the the world needs food. Surely we can get to­ ganics) are produced from anhydrous am­ off-shore areas of our country. But discovery gether. Both politically and economically, ex­ monia. and development of major new reserves takes changing food for crude makes sense. With limlted supplies of natural gas, fu­ many years and lots of money. To reduce our The world's population was 3 blllion in ture production of ammonia 1s in jeopardy. reliance on imports of oil, we would have to 1960. It is now approaching the 4 blllion For full food production in this country discover new oil and bring it to market much mark. It is projected to pass 5 billion by there 1s a projected. need for 5 mllllon tons more rapidly than we ever have before. 1986. The annual growth in population is per year of ad.ditional ammonia production. For perspective, the largest domestic oil equivalent to adding a nation the size of the Present plants are running at capacity. To discovery ir: several decades was on the north U.S.A. every 2% years. justify investment in new plants, companies slope of Alaska. Five years after discovery, All of the people in the world need food. need long term contracts for gas to run the this oil is still not avai.la.ble to us. Environ­ The vast majority need more food than they plants. Gas suppliers have been unw111lng to mental challenges have caused repeated are now getting. And as their living stand­ sign new long-term contr&ets for nitrogen delays. ards increase, most people have a strong de­ plants, at any price. When fully developed, this area is expected sire to upgrade their diets--toward more To produce our nation's long term am­ to produce about 2 million barrels per day­ protein and animal products. World demands monia requirements would. require only about 12% of our present U.S. consumption. for food are increasing at a compounding about 3% of our domestic gas supplies. It But our demand for oil is growing each year rate. certainly would be in our nation's best in­ by nearly one million barrels per day. The In all of the world there are only a few terests to make sure that this vital ingredient total anticipated dally production of the areas of highly productive agriculture. The of food production is made available. Alaskan field is offset by two years' increase United States 1s one of those fortunate areas. By comparison, 18% of our gas supplies are in demand. With only 7% of the world's land area, the being burned under boilers to produce elec­ Just to keep pace with growth in demand­ U.S. produces three-fourths of the world's tricity-six times as much as is required for just to hold oil imports at present levels-­ soybeans, half of the world's corn, and 25% our long range ammonia production. There we would need to discover and bring on to 30% of the world's beef, pork, and milk. are other alternative fuels for electricity. stream the equivalent of five additional The productivity of American agriculture 1s There are no feasible alternative raw mate­ Alaskan oU fields by 1985--en average of one the envy of the world. rials for ammonia. Somehow, we need to find. Alaskan field every two years. There is noth­ Food production starts with natural re­ ways to quit burnJng so much gas under util­ ing in our history to indicate we can discover sources-soU and water and sun. Farmers ity boilers-and preserve the limited. supplies and develop new reserves at this p&ee. themselves are in the energy business in a !or those uses !or which natural gas 1s We should do all we can to conserve oil. big way--capturing solar energy through the uniquely suited. We should search aggresively for new oil. We leaves of plants-and converting it to human It is possible to import gas, in liquefied should expand the use of coal and nuclear energy-food. All of our food products r~ly form, from overseas. But such imports are energy. We should expedite research and de­ directly or indirectly on the capturing of solar energy. expensive. For perspective, present prices of velopment of ~ ... ew energy sources. domestic natural gas at the well-head aver­ But even with our best efforts in all these The sun 1s the one apparently inexhausti­ age about 20¢ per thousand cubic feet areas, it appears almost certain that oll im­ ble source of energy available to mankind. (m.c.f.). But the announced imports from It is essential to our nation and to the world ports wlll have to increase substantially in that we preserve and enhance our capabili­ Algeria will cost about $1.20 per m.c.!. de­ the years ahead. Responsible projections ties to capture solar energy through the livered to our seacoast--six times as much as indicate that by 1980, we will be importing domestic gas. modern farming process. two and one half times as much oil as in Top priority must be given to conserva­ The price of natural gas is an important 1973-at a cost of some $20 blllion per year! factor in the cost of anhydrous ammonia. If tion of our agricultural soils. Farmers have If we need to rely heavily on oU imports, long been leaders in recognizing the impor­ it were to become necessary to pay the cur­ how co1 .fortable can we feel? Who controls rent import price, the cost of gas used in am­ tance of soil conservation. the world's oll? Can we get it? And can we Fortunately, soli conservation practices monia would increase by $40.00 per ton, as pay for it? There are political as well as compared to our present Gulf Coast costs. are compatible with our other goals. Reduced economic implications in the all situation. tillage practices (with proper concern for With supplies limited and demand strong, Of all the proven oil reserves in the world it is safe to predict substantial increases in pest controls) can conserve fuel and water, today, only 6% are in the U.S. (including without sacrificing the capture of solar the cost of natuml gas in the years ahead. those in Alaska). We use 35% of the world's Prices need to go up, to stimulate explora­ energy. With increasing prices for fuel tion for added supplies, and to discourage ex­ daily production of oll, but we control only {which are sure to come), reduced tillage 6% of the reserves cessive use. With higher construction costs also will become increasingly attractive from and higher operating costs as well as higher By contrast, 80% of the free world's present an economic standpoint. gas prices, it seems quite evident that the proven reserves are in the Middle East and High yields per acre will become increas­ price of nitrogen fertilizers wm have to in­ Africa. The largest reserves are in nations ingly important. High yields capture more crease substantially in the years ahead. We such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, Algeria, solar energy per acre. High yields require don't like cost increases. But from agricul­ and Libya. One of these nations by itself­ less fuel per unit of production. High yields ture's standpoint, gaining assurance of an Saudi Arabia-controls 20% of the free conserve soils by enabling us to meet our adequate supply is even more important than world's known reserves-three times as much food and fiber requirements on less acres, cost. as the proven reserves in the U.S. and by returning more organic matter to the OIL From a political standpoint, most of the soli. oil-rich nations are part of the Amb bloc. Proper fertilization is essential to high What about oil? They don't like our policies toward Israel. For many years, we considered ourselves an yields. Under-fertlllzation does not make Many of the oll-rich nations are moving to­ good use of our resources. But over-fertiliza­ "oil surplus" nation. In fact, as late as two ward nationalization or government control years ago, the major oil producing states tion is neither good conservation nor good of their oil industries. They are in position economics. Nitrogen is made from scarce were stlll pro-rationing the production of oil to restrict our supplies, 1f they choose to do wells, to prevent "surpluses." natural gas. High grade phosphate ores are so. The political implications are sobering. being depleted. As low cost raw materials But all that has changed. Our domestic oil From an economic standpoint, the U.S. ls wells are now producing at essentially full are used up, fertilizer prices will increase. capacity-and still falling far short of meet­ not the only country competing for the In the interests of both production and con­ ing demand. We are now an "oil deficit" na- world's oil. All the other industrialized na­ servation of energy, it will become increas­ tion, and are likely to remain that way. tions also want it. Demands in Japan and ingly important that farmers neither over­ In 1973, we wllllmport one-third of the on in the European Economic Community fertilize nor under-fertilize. and on products we use. Imports are at the (EEC) are rising even mol.J rapidly than 1n Our food production capacity is one of our rate of nearly 6 mlllion barrels per day-at the U.S., and these nations hd.Ve even less oil nation's greatest assets. It is essential that a cost of about $8 bllllon per year. reserves than we do ln the U.S. The world we protect that asset. We must preserve our CXIX--2266-Part 27 ·35974 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 soils, because once lost they are irreplace. When this opportunity knocks, Midwest man who called the executive in his new role able. We must do our part to conserve fuels farmers and the FS System will be Sible and as president of the United States Chamber of and fertilizers, because these are products willing to answer the call. Commerce to demand that he "do some­ of exhaustible natural resources. thing about those college professors who But along with conservation, we need to ruined my son." expand production. To meet our energy When he heard that the boy was 17, he needs, by 1980 we may need to import 50% UNORTHODOX INSURER took the caller to task. "You mean you had of our oil needs, at a cost of $20 billion per him for 17 years and they ruined him in one. year. To maintain a balance of payments and What were you doing in those 17 years?" he t o protect the value of the dollar, we need to . HON. BILL GUNTER wanted to know. export a comparable amount of other prod­ This same directness has also gotten him ucts. Farm exports offer the best hope OF FLORIDA into hot water. Physically, we can produce more· than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES When Mr. Rust was elected president of enough food for the American people. Last Monday, November 5, 1973 the United States Chamber earlier this year, a. year we exported over 50% of our soybean few months before his 55th birthday, some­ crop, and 20% of our corn crop. Our total Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, an ar­ one asked him how it felt to be the top farm product exports reached nearly $13 bil­ ticle appeared recently in the New York spokesman for American business. lion. Some predict that farm exports could Times about my friend and former as­ "If that's what they elected me to be," Mr. grow to $20 billion by 1980, if we are allowed sociate, Ed Rust, president of the U.S. Rust replied, "they elected the wrong man." the opportunity. By coincidence, this ls the Chamber of Commerce. He is an excep­ If the chamber was annoyed by the re­ projected value of oil imports ln 1980. mark, it never leaked out. But not too long To produce for expanded exports, however, tionally gifted leader of the business ago, when Mr. Rust praised Ralph Nader, the we need adequate supplies of fuels and fer­ community, and I recommend the arti­ consumer advocate, in glowing terms the tilizers. We cannot feed our nation and part cle about him to my colleagues: Chamber fumed privately and very quickly of the rest of the world if agriculture is lim­ UNORTHODOX INSURER-STATE FARM PRESI­ made it clear that Mr. Rust was speaking for ited to a stick and a hoe, and a fish in each DENT VOICES HIS OWN VIEWS himself. hill of coxn. (By Robert J. Cole) Mr. Rust said the fuss brought him about Making sure there is enough energy for 35 letters-five of them with "all the four­ farming has a good payoff ratio. Farming uses BLOOMINGTON, ILL.-He earns $200,000 a letter words." less than 5% of the nation's oil and gas. year, raises quarter horses on a. working Mr. Rust had come to the conclusion sev­ But with that vitaJ. percentage we can pro­ farm, heads the world's largest auto insurer eral years earlier that Mr. Nader was someone duce the products to pay for the 50% of the and serves as president of the United States that State Farm agents ought to hear. So nation's oil we will need to import. Food for Chamber of Commerce. he talked the consumer activist into making crude makes sense. But anyone who talks to Edward B. Rust, a film for the company. Not everyone favors expansion of farm ex­ president of the $2.8-billion State Farm Mr. Rust gave the State Farm staff just ports, however. Partially, as a result of thiS Mutual Automobile Insurance Company, one order: Don't take out the criticism. year's export expansion, domestic food prices very quickly discovers that he is anything Aided by a. solid reputation for fair deal­ have been rising. Supplies of some products but an ordinary company president. ings, State Farm Mutual has grown from an are limited, until production can be in­ A close observer said Mr. Rust's thumb interesting idea. in merchandising to a. mod­ creased. was always black from the pipe he smokes ern financial colossus. Consumers don't like higher food prices. and that he sometimes rubbed soot on his Starting in 1922, when George J. Mecherle, Many people feel that we should restrict ex­ face. His fingernails are often broken from it s founder, trudged along the back roads of ports, ln order to keep food prices low. Even working on the farm. Sometimes he comes Illinois selling $34 policies in an old Model T some farmers, caught in a. squeeze by un­ to work with horse manure on his shoes. Ford, State Farm Mutual became the world's precedented feed costs, find export controls "A lot of people don't even know I work largest auto insurer in 1942-just 20 years appealing. here," he said in an interview the other day. later-and has remained so. It is also the But beware of a trap. Whoever sets the He told about the time a neighboring world's largest home insurer and one of the export limits will also be in a position to farmer, knocked on his door on a. Saturday fastest growing life insurers in the business. control farm product prices here at home-­ night and asked if he could come over and Today, the combined State Farm Com­ not only for crop producers, but for live­ weld his combine. This man is one of a spe­ panies have more than $4-billion in assets, stock producers as well. Experience tells us cial group of people he calls "my Saturday 20 million policyholders, 25,000 employes, that cheap feed usually leads to cheap meat, friends," the ones he sees on his days off. 11,000 independent agents and the best rep­ milk, and eggs. A working farmer by avocation-besides utation in the auto insurance industry. But today there is a powerful counter­ horses, he raises corn, soybeans and purebred The State Farm formula is to sell auto in­ va.ling force. Although American people may Angus cattle-he has the scars that often surance as if it were life insurance. not like higher food prices, neither do they come with the job. Most auto insurers sign on agents to sell like rationing of energy. As a nation, these A barely visible hole in the chin, caused by policies on a. commission basis, generally 15 may be the choices we face. a piece of fiying steel, took 15 stitches to to 20 per cent a. year, every year. In life in­ in surance, however, agents typically get a high THE MAGIC EQUATION close. A plainly visible dent the left cheek, caused in a machinery unloading mishap, commission in the first year and much small­ Energy and food-the magic equation in took 17 stitches. er ones after that. world economics and world politics. In food "Some guys restore cars. I get my kicks out State Farm, long the king of the so-called our nation is strong-in energy we are weak. of restoring old machine tools," Mr. Rust re­ direct writers-it sells directly to the cus­ The U.S. is deficient in oil and gas sup­ marked. tomer--charges its customers $15 to $18 as a plies. H we want more, we must import it. Edward Barry Rust, whose father, Adlai, lifetime membership fee "for the privilege And the only apparent way to pay for ex­ rose through the ranks to become president of buying insurance" and gives slightly more panded oil imports is to increase our exports before him, was born and raised in rural than half of it to the agent. of farm products-even though this may Bloomington. He went away to college at Because the initial sale is the hardest, the mean somewhat higher food prices than Stanford, where he was graduated cum laude State Farm agent gets more commission the American consumers have grown accustomed in economics in 1940 and elected to Phi Beta first year and less for renewals. to. Kappa. This helps produce sufficient volume that Food and energy-Energy and food. The A year later he joined State Farm Mutual State Farm rates for those who qualify--are American public wants both, but understands and, except for a three-year stint as a naval often surprisingly low. neither. For many generations we have been officer, he has been there ever since. By 1951 And, because State Farm agents must find accustomed to ample supplies of both-at he was a. vice president. By 1958, at the age new "members" all the time tf they want to low prices. Suddenly there is an ~eness of 40, he had become president. make big money, State Farm profits usually that neither food nor energy can be taken Thomas C. Morrill, vice-president and a move briskly upward. for granted. The two are closely intertwined. member of the top echelon, admitted that In fact, from a. loss of $29-million in 1969 We cannot have one without the other. the younger Mr. Rust got more than a little on sales of $1.4-billion, State Farm Mutual At the moment, farmers and the FIS Sys­ help from his dad. showed net profits of $78.9-m1111on 1n 1970 t em are deeply concerned a:baut supplies of "It's certainly true," Mr. Morrill said, "that and $212.4-milllon 1n 1971. Earnings contin- essential fuels and fertilizers for farming. his father made him president but if his ued to climb so sharply in 1972 that the com­ This problem may stay with us for awhile. name were Joe Mudd he ought to be presi­ pany decided to pay out $122.4-million in div­ But 1n the long run, the same energy short­ dent. We have lots of excellent young talent idends to policyholders, effectively cutting age which 1s contributing to our current around but we have nobody with near his rates. problems may be the key which opens the ab1lity." As a. result, profits eased last year to $186.9- doors to the greatest opportunities American Clearly, though, Mr. Rust is an individual­ Inillion while sales soared to more than $2- agriculture has ever experienced. The most ist who is happiest when working with his billion. favorable equation for balancing oil imports hands. He can handle machinery and has This was seen as a move to head off insur­ is the same equation that benefits farmers trained his son, Edward B. Rust Jr., a. law ance regulators, who, spotting the high the most-full farm production and expanded student, to do the same. profits, might have called hearings, giving exports, at good prices. One close associate told the story of the the company bad publicity and, worse, de· November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35975 manding a cut in rates. By cutting its own This legislation would: we not let them live within the law, pay­ rates in good times, the company leaves them Extend to taxpayers who are conscien­ ing their taxes in full under a system intact for bad times. tiously opposed to war rights compara­ As an indioation of its policyholder loy­ which legally channels their payments alty, Consumers Union found when it took ble to those traditionally given to draft­ into peaceful purposes? a poll among 230,000 car-owning mezn!bers ees who are conscientious objectors. A citizens' committee in Ann Arbor, several years ago tha.t state Farm Mutual Allocate to a World Peace Tax Fund Mich., and a related one in Washington, (and the United States Automobile Associa­ the portion of their Federal taxes which D.C., have worked to bring the World tion, which sells to mllitary officers) topped would otherwise be used for military Peace Tax Fund Act to the attention of the list for service. Allstate Insurance Com­ expenditures. citizens. I will read into the RECORD a pany, the other giant "direct writer," stood Authorize the Comptroller General to recent letter from the chairman of the in last place. Ann Arbor committee reporting on the Nevertheless, State Farm has its detra.ctors, determine, based on the previous year's too. military aJJpropriations, what percent­ status of their efforts and of public re­ Four auto-body shops around Washington, age of a conscientious objector's Federal sponse to the bill : D.C., maintaining that the company was taxes could be allocated to the World ANN ARBOR, MICH., sending business to competitors because they Peace Tax Fund. October 31, 1973. would do repair work for less money, have Model the World Peace Tax Fund after Representative RONALD V. DELLUMS, filed a multimillion-dolla.r national class ac­ the National Highway and the National House Office Building, tion suit charging restraint of trade. Airport and Airway trust funds, with a Washington, D.O. Jeffrey O'Connell, University of nunois DEAR MR. DELLUMs: I am writing on behalf law professor, suggested, too, that State Board of Trustees appointed by the Pres­ of the World Peace Tax Fund (WPTF) Steer­ Farm could be misleading on occasion. What ident with the advice and consent of the ing Committee to tell you of our efforts to offended Professor O'Connell (the father of Senate. inform citizens about the World Peace Tax modern no-fault auto insurance along with Authorize the Trustees to provide Fund Act, H.R. 7053, and to report on public a Harvard law professor, Robert E. Keeton) World Peace Tax Fund support for re­ rilaction to this information. W'8IS the way the company fought no-fault a search and other activities designed to Citizen response to this legislation has few years ago when it was against the idea. develop and demonstrate nonviolent strengthened our conviction that the time What did the company do? It took poll. methods of resolving international con­ has come when the principle of conscientious "It purported to be scientific, but the ques­ objection, already recognized in many laws, tions were rediculously slanted to get the flicts. must be extended to the areas of Federal in­ result they wanted," Professor O'Connell Prohibit use of the World Peace Tax come, estate, and gift taxes. Your bill does said. "It was a shoddy thing for such a big Fund as a means of reducing regular ap­ this, building on sound historical precedent organization to do." propriations for nonmilitary purposes. as was documented in the supporting brief One State Farm officer quietly agreed that A MORAL DILEMMA which appeared in the Congressional Record the survey "was not very accurate." Another when the Bill was originally introduced on said: "That's not so, but I know O'Connell Since the introduction of this bill, I April17, 1972. thinks it is." have received urgent pleas for action AlmoSt 1,000 persons, many of "ffllem repre­ Then there is the hypersensitive view of from members of the historic peace senting religious, civil rights, and peace or­ the trial lawyers. Although some top insurers churches and others who are committed ganizations, have written to us confirming are considered pushovers by the legal pro­ their support of the World Peace Tax Fund to a strict application of the Command­ Act. Formal action has been taken by anum­ fession-the companies differ from area to ment: "Thou Shalt Not Kill." area--Stalte Farm prides itself as one com­ ber of organizations. For example: pany that rarely goes to court. These are law-abiding citizens who are The Church of the Brethren, at its Annual For one thing, it often deals in areas deeply distressed because at present they Conference in June, 1973, recommended where people are more apt to work things must either violate what they consider "that both the denomination and individual out informally. For another, it doesn't let to be the law of God or break the Fed­ Brethren give strong and active support to a case get to cour.t unless the facts or the eral laws which require them to pay appropriate legislation providing alternative money are in serious dispute. taxes which will be spent on lethal weap­ tax arrangements for peace purposes for "If we go to court, we rarely lose," an those persons conscientiously opposed to ons. They feel strongly that a Nation war." officer said. founded upon freedom and respect for That may explain the Blttitude of Melvin The Division of World Justice and Peace of Belli, the trial la.wyer who became famous the rights of the individual should not the United States catholic Conference has for the huge awards his clients won. force upon them this intolerable choice. distributed widely among American Catholics "Sta.te Farm? They're the biggest so and CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE information about the World Peace Tax Fund so's in the insurance business," he said. "Any Act, and encourages "legislative efforts which With the proliferation of international offer citizens, who object for reasons of con­ lawyer will tell you they're the cheapest on conflicts, a growing number of these con­ the street and Allstate's next in line." science to paying taxes to support military A top State Farm officer, who declined to scientious objectors are reporting that programs, the option of allocating a portion be quoted by name, seemed to like the obser­ they have come to the point where they of their tax payment to fund peace and de­ vSition, at least the pa.rt about his company. have no choice, in their conscience, but velopment-oriented programs." "That's the best recommendation we have," to break the Nation's laws and withhold The legislative policy approved in Febru­ he remarked privately. "I hope you print it." part or all of their Federal tax payments. ary, 1972 by the General Committee of the Friends Committee on National legislation They do this openly and are prepared to states: "We urge provision for alternative take the consequences. peaceful uses of taxes paid by persons who Their action imposes upon the Govern­ oppose war on grounds of conscience." PROGRESS REPORT ON WORLD ment the costly administrative burden of The General Conference Mennonite PEACE TAX FUND ACT identifying and penalizing them. The Church, at its triennial conference in Au­ task of recovering taxes from conscien­ gust 1971, passed a declaration on "The Way tious objectors is particularly onerous of Peace" which said, in part, "the levying of HON. RONALD V. DELLUMS because it involves those very individuals war taxes is another form of conscription OF CALIFORNIA whose qualities of citizenship and con­ which, along with the conscription of man­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES power, make war possible. We are account­ cern for the welfare of their fellowmen able to God for the use of our financial re­ Monday, November 5, 1973 and of all mankind are recognized by sources and should protest the use of our Mr. DELLUMS. Mr. Speaker, in re­ those who know them and by those who taxes for the promotion and waging of war. sponse to many expressions of interest, hear of their plight. We stand by those who feel called upon to A LEGAL ANSWER resist the payment of that portion of taxes I present the following progress report being used for military purposes." on the World Peace Tax Fund Act, H.R. As all of us ponder in our profoundest Currently, the WPTF Steering Committee 7053, which was introduced on April 16, thoughts the message which conscien­ is asking citizens to: 1973, by the following Members of Con­ tious objectors are telling us about the Study the WPI'F bll1 gress: Representatives DELLUMS, En­ realities of war in the 20th century, and Send their views to their Representatives and ask them to co-sponsor HR 5073 WARDS, and STARK of California; as we consider the economic drain which MITCHELL of Maryland; MOAKLEY of military preparations impose upon all Request that Hearings on the Bill be held by the House Ways and Means Committee Massachusetts; CONYERS and DIGGS of nations on a finite planet, we must ask Ask their Senators to introduce similar Michigan; ABZUG, BINGHAM, RANGEL, and ourselves whether there is not some hon­ legislation ROSENTHAL of New York; and KASTEN­ orable accommodation which can be Those who take any or all of these actions MEIER of Wisconsin. made with these, our fellow citizens. Can are asked to send copies of their letters to 35976 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 the Steering Committee (P.O. Box 1447, Ann and the National Airport and Airway Trust· ditions of this country. For example, the rati­ Arbor, Mich. 48106) so that we can compile Fund. The Act provides that the General fying conventions of each of the six states a. more comprehensive report to send you at Accounting Office shall annually determine that recommended the adoption of a Blll of a. later date. and publish the percentage of actual appro­ Rights in ratfying the new Constitution ap­ If civilization is to advance, recognition priations, made by the United States from proved specific amendments as a part of must be given, by Federal law, to those who the Federal Funds Budget during the pre­ their recommendation; Virginia, North Car­ are conscientiously opposed to the intoler­ ceding fiscal year for military purposes. Th is olina, and Rhode Island included a provision able and wastefUl burdens of the arms race percentage will be used to determine the guaranteeing the right of conscientious ob­ and who protest the inhumanity of all war. portion of the qualifying taxpayer's tax jection. (See Elliot, Debates on the Adoption We believe that, in time, the soundness of which shall be received by the Board; the of the Federal Constitution, Vol. 3, p. 659, our position will become apparent to the ma­ Board shall submit a budget to Congress Vol. 4, p. 244 Vol. 1, p. 334-36 (reprint of jority of citizens, to Congress, and to other for approval and appropriation, providing 2nd ed. 1937) . nations of the world. In the meantime, we for channeling of these monies to specified A similar provision was suggested but re­ ask that we not be penalized for holding peace-related a.ctivities. Monies not a.ppro­ jected by the Maryland convention. (See El­ these beliefs. priated from the Fund for expenditures liott at 553.) It is not surprising, therefore, We express our enthusiastic support for budgeted by the Board shall remain avail­ that one of James Madison's proposed your continued efforts on 'behalf of the World ble for use in subsequent years by the Board, amendments presented to the first session of Peace Tax Fund Bill. subject to Congressional appropriation. the first Congress included the following Sincerely yours, language: "but no person religiously scrupu­ DAVID R. BASSETT, MD., lous of bearing arms shall be compelled to Chairman, World Peace Tax Fund Steer­ MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF THE WORLD render military service in person." Annals of ing Committee. PEACE TAX FUND AcT the Congress of the United States, 343 (Gales INTRODUCTION and Seaton, 1934) . I should now like to insert into the During the debates on the proposed amend­ REcORD a summary of the legislation, re­ Many persons in this country are con­ scientiously opposed to participation of any ment, it was suggested that the right be minding citizens that complete copies kind or nature in war. For some religious conditioned "upon paying an equivalent." of the bill may be obtained by writing to determinations this is a fundamental part To this suggestion Mr. Sherman of Connecti­ their Representatives. Following the of the religious beliefs of the members. For cut remarked: summary is a memorandum in support example, the Handbook of the Pacific Yearly "It 1s well known that those who are re­ of this act: Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends ligiously scrupulous of bearing arms are SUMMARY urges its members: equally scrupulous of getting substitutes or paying an equivalent. Many of them would The World Peace Tax Fund Act proposes "To recognize that the military system is not consistent with Christ's example of re­ rather die than do etlher one or the other." that the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 be Annals at 750. amended to provide an alternative to con­ demptive love ... (and) to consider care­ fully the implication of paying those taxes, A motion was then made to drop th1s tribution to military spending for Federal clause altogether; the motion failed and the taxpayers who are conscientiously opposed a major portion of which goes for Inilitary purposes."-page 28 of 1962 Rev. Ed. clause was included in the list of proposed to participation in war, and that a Fund be amendments sent to the Senate for approval. established to receive and distribute to Freedom of conscience, whatever that con­ science might be, is an integral part of our The Senate omitted this provision and it qualified peace-related activities the portion never became a part of our Bill of Rights. of such individuals' tax payments that scheme of government. The Supreme Court of the United States, in March of 1965, Although no record of the Senate debates woUld otherwise go to military spending. was taken at the time, the opposition to the The remainder of qualifying individuals' in­ quoted a statement made in 1919 by Harlan Fiske Stone, who later became Chief Justice proposal in the House would indicate that come, estate, and gift taxes would be trans­ the Senate preferred to leave the matter to ferred to the general fund of the U.S. Treas­ of the Court: "Both morals and sound policy require legislation instead of a Constitutional ury, to be spent only for non-military Amendment. Annals at 751. purposes. that the state should not violate the con­ The Act gives relief to those citizens con­ science of the individual. All our history PRECEDENT scientiously opposed to participation in gives confirmation to the view that Uberty There is sound precedent for such legis­ war, who are presently forced to violate of conscience has a moral and social value lation giving tax relief to protect religious their beliefs by participating in war through which makes it worthy of preservation at and conscientious beliefs. Section 1402(e) tax payments. There is considerable proce­ the hands of the state. So deep is its sig­ of the Internal Revenue Code provides an dent for such relief. The Selective Service nificance and vital, indeed, is it to the integ­ exemption from payment of self-employment System has long recognized and accom­ rity of man's moral and spiritual nature taxes for duly ordained, licensed or com.mis­ modated the beliefs of conscientious objec­ that nothing short of the self-preservation sioned ministers and members of religious tors. Tax exemptions have been provided of the state should warrant its violation; orders, or for Christian Science Practitioners for certain religious groups to void viola­ and it may well be questioned whether the upon their filing an application for exemp­ tion of their rellgious and conscientious state which preserves its life by a settled tion together with a. statement that they are beliefs. policy of violation of the conscience of the conscientiously opposed to, or because of The requested tax relief for conscientious individual wlll not in fact ultimately lose religious principles, they are opposed to par­ objectors will not open the "floodgates" to it by the process."-8tone, The Conscien­ ticipation in an insurance plan like that pro­ similar relief for other groups. The conscien­ tious Objector, 21 Col. U.Q. 253, 269 (1919). vided by the SOCial Security Act. Section Although not all persons who are con­ 1402(h) of the Internal Revenue Code sim1- tious objector's request for tax relief is ex­ scientiously opposed to participation of any ceptionally compelling because it is moti­ larly reiJleves members of qualified rellgious kind in war base their convictions on reli­ faiths, primarily the Amish, of the duty to vated by the widely-held and long-estab­ gious training and belief, conscientious ob­ lished fundamental religious and moral pay the SOCial Security tax. By this Code jection to war appears to be well recognized provision, ena.cted in 1965, Congress a.c­ mandate--"Thou shalt not kill." as an integral part of the religious beliefs of The Act provides taxpayers, who are con­ knowledged and a.ccommodated the conscien­ many people. Speaking of the struggle for tious objection of the Amish to participation scientiously opposed to war and who might religious liberty in this country, Chief Jus­ otherwise feel compelled to undertake lllegal in insurance plans. The tax exemptions pro­ tice Hughes referred to: vided 'by section 1402(e) and 1402(h) of the tax resistance, with a. means of making a "The large number of citizens of our coun­ meaningful contribution to world peace Internal Revenue Code were modeled after try, from the very beglnning, who have been the exemption of conscientious objectors consistent with their obligations of citizen­ unwilling to sacrifice their religious convic­ ship. It is particularly important that the from the draft. tions, and in particular, those who have By exempting individuals conscientiously Act extends the opportunity for conscien­ been conscientiously opposed to war and tious objection to women and to men not opposed to participation in insurance plans who would not yield what they sincerely be­ from payment of Social Security taxes, Con­ eligible for conscientious objector status lieved to be their allegiance to the will of under the Selective Service System. gress clearly extended the principle of Con­ God ..." United States v. Macintosh, 283 gressional accommodation of conscientious The amendments to the Internal Revenue u.s. 605, 631 (1931). Code of 1954 provide that a qualified tax­ beliefs from the area of the draft to the area Certainly to require significant participa­ of taxation. Thus Congressional precedent for payer may elect to have his or her Federal tion in war, against the religious conscience income, estate, or gift tax payment trans­ t ax relief to accommodate the beliefs of con­ of these people, would violate the spirit of scientious objectors to war is firmly estab­ ferred to a special trust fund, the World t he first amendment protection for the free Peace Tax Fund. The amendments also ex­ lished. Congress has recognized both the right exercise of religion. (See West Virginfa State of a tax exemption to avoid participation in plain how a taxpayer qualifies to have his Board of Education v. Barnett, 319 U.S. 624 or her tax paid to the Fund. Other sections (1943); School District of Abington Town­ a program to which the tax-payer 1s consci­ of the Act provide for the creation of the ship v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963); Oon­ entiously opposed. World Peace Tax Fund, and for the appoint­ tran, Tyrrell v. United States 200 F. 2d 8 The tax treatment asked for conscientious ment of a Board of eleven Trustees to ad­ (9th Cir. 1953), cert. denied 345 U.S. 910. objectors is less exceptional than that pres­ minister the Fund. The Fund 1s modeled Conscientious objection to war and mlli­ ently granted by sections 1402{e) and 1402 after the National mghway Trust Fund ta.ry training is deeply imbedded in the tra- (h) of the Internal Revenue Code. Those sec- November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35977 tions allow individuals "conscientiously op­ to recognize this percentage by publication THE STATE OF THE PRESIDENCY posed" to Social Security insurance to be of the Fund's annual reports. At present, for entirely exempted from payment of a portion the most part, no effort is being made by the of their tax. In contrast, the World Peace Tax government to separate military spending HON. CHARLES B. RANGEL Fund Act does not propose exemptions from from other spending. Individual taxpayers, payment of a portion of the conscientious ob­ in making out their annual returns, will be OF NEW YORK jector's tax. Under the Act, a conscientious forced to decide whether or not they can IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES objector is still required to pay his entire conscientiously contribute to military spend­ Monday, November 5, 1973 tax. The Act merely provides that an appro­ ing. Those who become conscientious objec­ priate portion of the tax may be diverted tors for tax purposes will be voicing a signif­ Mr. RANGEL. Mr. Speaker, increas­ from m1litary spending to non-milltary peace icant vote against military policy. The blll ingly President Nixon's resignation is be­ related activities. provides that the number of contributors to ing discussed as a way out of our current Like the exemption from payment of the the Fund, the amount of money contributed, crisis of national leadership. This Sun­ Social Security tax, the proposed tax ac­ and the expenditures of the Fund shall be commodation for conscientious objectors is published and reported to Congress each day, the New York Times, perhaps the based on religious and conscientious belief. year. Nation's most respected journal, edi­ The conscientious objector to war has a com­ The Fund itself wlll be selfsufficient. It is torialized in favor of the President's res­ pell~g justification for the special tax status expected that the commitment of the Fund's ignation from office. he seeks. His concern is fundamental. He Trustees to world peace and their appoint­ The decision to take this position did asks not to be forced to join in the deliberate ment by the President with the advice and not, I am sure, come easy for the New killing of his fellow men. His desire not to consent of the Senate will make the Fund York Times. Its editorial and the ration­ participate in war and killing through any self-policing so that contributors and other ale it sets forth for making this proposal means, including taxation, is based upon a taxpayers and Congress wlll have faith in it, widely acknowledged religious and moral and it wlll accomplish the goals set for it. are worth the attention of every Member principle. Observance of the principle is es­ The operating expenses of the Fund will be of this body: sential to the integrity of the individual. By paid out of the money the Fund receives THE STATE OF THE PRESIDENCY forcing the conscientious objector to war to from taxpayers. Because the Fund will en­ The visible disintegration of President contribute to military spending, Congress courage people who presently refuse to pay Nixon's moral and political authority, of his presently forces him to violate his conscience their taxes, to pay these taxes, the admin­ capacity to act as Chief Executive, of his and severely denies his right of religious istrative costs of the Fund will be offset by claim to leadership and to credibility leads freedom. the additional tax payments which the Fund us to the reluctant conclusion that Mr. Nixon The contemplated tax treatment of con­ -is expected to generate. would be performing his ultimate service to scientious objectors does not establlsh a CONSTITUTIONALITY the American people---end to himself-by precedent for individual earmarking of tax resigning his office before this nation is dollars. Trustees appointed by the Presi­ (1) Uniformity. The proposed legislation forced to go through the traumatic and divi­ dent with the advice and consent of the conforms with the requirement of Article I, sive process of impeachment. Senate will receive, for subsequent chan­ Section 8, Clause 1 of the Constitution which The doubts about Mr. Nixon that have neling to appropriate peace-related activi­ provides "All duties, imports and excises shall gathered an ominous momentum over the ties, a portion of the Fund's monies. This be uniform throughout the United States." past twelve months have arisen, basically, portion represents the sum of all qualifying The requirement of uniformity has been read from three different sources--constitutional, individuals' income, estate, or gift tax pay­ to require geographical uniformity, Knowlton polltical and personal-and they are now ments, multiplied by the percentage of last v. Moore, 178 U.S. 41 (1900); Brushaber v. flowing together in a surging torrent. year's Federal budget devoted to military Union P. R. Oo.,-U.S. 1 (1916); Fernandez Every President comes under attack from spending. The spending decisions of the v. Wiener, 326 U.S. 340 (1945). the political opposition, as is normal m a Trustees require Congressional approval and (2) First Amendment. The first amend­ democracy; and every President makes mis­ appropriation. Congress retains power over ment provides "Congress shall make no law judgments and admlnistrative errors. If that spending of the conscientious objector's respecting the establishment of rellgion, or were all that could be said about Mr. Nixon, taxes. The taxpayer who qualifies as a con­ prohibiting the free exercise thereof." The the possib111ty of his resignation or impeach­ scientious objector can only decide that his proposed tax payment accommodation of the ment would never arise. The gravity of the tax dollars will not be spent for one specific religious beliefs of conscientious objectors is case against him rests instead on his deliber­ purpose-military spending. Distribution of a mitigation of a general requirement for ate violations of the letter and the spirit of monies by the Board to qualified peace­ the purpose of allowing the free exercise of the Constitution and, flowing out of this, the related organizations finds precedent in the religion. This is not an establishment of re­ collapse of public confidence in the integrity qualified distribution requirements for pri­ ligion. of the man who only one year ago was vate foundations under Section 4942 of the Despite the constitutionallty of the pro­ elected to the Presidency by the largest Code. posed amendments, it might be argued there popular majority in American history. is an overriding public interest which forbids EFFECTIVENESS MR. NIXON AND THE CONSTITUTION accommodation. But in In Re Jenison, 375 Individuals conscientiously opposed to In an obsession with secrecy, in reliance war will be excused from tax contribution to U.S. 14(1963) the Court relying on Sherbert v. Verner vacated a ruling of the Minnesota on the blanket of "national security" to military spending and thereby from a sig­ cover virtually any aotion, Mr. Nixon has at nificant form of participation in war. The Supreme Court, which held that jury duty, a primary duty of all citizens, was superior least twice given his approval to projects tax dollars diverted from military spending that would violate the law and his oath of will be used to promote world peace. It is to a religious belief which forbade judging others and therefore forbade jury duty. After office. In 1970, he endorsed a secret plan in­ recognized that because of the nation's tax volving concededly illegal acts against do­ collection and budgeting process, the crea­ Jenison it is possible to argJie that it is un­ necessary to balance the public interest mestic radicals. Although this plan was soon tion of the World Peace Tax Fund may not rescinded, Mr. Nixon later established a markedly reduce the money available for against the individuals' interest to deter­ mine whether an exception to the general law White House investigative unit, the notorious military spending. A serious curtailment of "plumbers," that did engage in Ulegal acts. mllitary spending would result only if a should be made to accommodate the free ex­ ercise of religion. Rather Congress or the Revelation of White House involvement in great many taxpayers participated in the this kind of activity, including attempted Fund, thereby calllng for a major shift in courts could simply determine if an accom­ modation is necessary to allow free exercise subversion of both F.B.I. and C.I.A., was what national priorities. The military wlll get the first shook public faith in Mr. Nixon's under­ funding it requests until the success of the of religion and if so, grant it. (3) The due process clause. The due proc­ standing of the proprieties of his office. Fund helps persuade taxpayers and Congress In his management of the Vietnam War, to reduce the priority of military spending. ess clause of the fifth amendment requires that tax statutes be resonable and apply to a Mr. Nixon compounded the secrecy, deceit At present, many conscientious objectors and unconstitutional practices that had al­ are so determined to change this country's reasonable class. However, the standards of ready grievously harmed the Presidency un­ priorities that they have refused to pay their reasonableness applied to tax statutes are more lenient than those applied generally; der Mr. Johnson. The secret bombing of Laos taxes. As an alternative to forcing conscien­ and Cambodia and the invasion of Cambodia tious objectors to pursue this d11Hcult and only clearly arbitrary tax classifications will were the acts of a President with scant re­ unpopular course, this blll offers the con­ be struck down. Flemming v. Nestor, 363 U.S. gard for the authority of Congress and for scientious objector a way of making a posi­ 603(1960); Smart v. U.S. 222 F. Supp. 65 the wlll of the people. tive contribution to world peace in place of (1963); Leeson v. Oelebrezze, 225 F. Supp. In an entirely different area of public contributing to mllltary spending. The Fund 527 (1963). Therefore it is unlikely that the policy, the President had abused his power will provide a constructive means of citizen's classification proposed by these amendments in respect to the impoundment of funds. Mr. protest for its contributors. The Fund will would be found unreasonable, especially since Nixon had tried to convert the implied, dis­ draw the attention of every taxpayer to the the classification is the same which has long cretionary power to impound into an abso­ percentage of American tax dollars going to been accepted as reasonable for draft exemp­ lute item veto. In his exercise of that power. military spending. It will encourage Congress tion purposes. Mr. Nixon has acted as if he regarded his 35978 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 re-election as a mandate to do as he pleased Nixon seemed about to provoke a constitu­ of his composing is still in use as a home 1n administering the budget. tional crisis by refusing to obey a confirmed in Southeast Washington. Here, he com­ The deceitful manipulation of the Presi­ court order that he turn over nine tapes to posed the works which have come to rep­ dential war-making powers, the deliberate Judge Sirica for inspection. Then he abruptly violations of the law in the national security reversed himself and announced that the resent the United States across the investigations and the abuse of the im­ tapes would be made avaUable. And now he world. Mr. Sousa used his talents during poundment authority have all created in the has informed the court through his attorney his lifetime to glamorize Washington, minds of the people the enduring conviction that two of the tapes-probably the two D.C. and we are proud to have the op­ that Mr. Nixon has little respect for the most critically important-never existed. portunity to return his generosity by restraint of the law and no real understand­ Other personal actions by Mr. Nixon have honoring him this week. ing of constitutional checks and balances. fed public distrust. It is dismaying to mil­ Mayor Walter Washington, has appro­ MR. NIXON AND POLITICS lions of ordinary taxpayers to learn that their President, during part of his first term in of­ priately proclaimed the week of Novem­ The character of the President's political fice, paid almost no Federal income tax be­ ber 4-10 as "John Philip Sousa" week. leadership has aroused profound distrust cause he claimed a huge and legally dubious He has called upon the citizens of the that goes far beyond the sentiments nor­ District to join in honoring this great mally engendered by party politics or philo­ deduction. It offends the instinctive sense of sophical disagreements over public policy. fairness of ordinary citizens when lt is finally American, "in greatful knowledge of the There is now substantial evidence that the disclosed that their President has surrepti­ exceptionally outstanding contributions President's men, in their effort to build up tiously burdened the public treasury with which he made to the field of music and political power for President and party, have major expenditures affecting his two private to his fellow citizens." I would like to join engaged in a lawless and corrupt style of estates quite apart from the two provided by in honoring John Philip Sousa and fur­ politics and political financing. the Government. It offends the sense of pro­ priety of most citizens that their President ther the cause of this week by outlining It is unnecessary to review the many rami­ the events of this week which are taking fications of the Watergate scandal. One need should live beyond his means by borrowing only note that for the first time in fifty years, heavily from two millionaire !rknds. place in paying tribute to the man. two Cabinet members-John N. Mitchell, the MR. NIXON'S DUTY The Museum of History and Technol­ former Attorney General and the former cam­ Without prejudging the question of im­ ogy, the National Portrait Gallery, and paign manager, and Maurice Stans, former peachment, the public has lost confidence in the Library of Congress will feature spe­ Secretary of Commerce and former chief the President's veracity and good faith. The cial Sousa displays. The bands from the political fund-raiser-have been indicted. record of his unconstitutional and illegal acts four branches of the armed services will John W. Dean 3d, formerly the President's and of the scandal-ridden management of continue to prepare their traditional legal counsel; Jeb Stuart Magruder, formerly his Administration and his party is plain. In his deputy campaign manager, and Frederick this context, two questions arise. The nation Sousa repertories, and the historic Ford's Larue, formerly one of his White House as­ has to ask: Can Mr. Nixon effectively govern Theater is bringing to Washington an ex­ sistants, have pleaded guilty to obstruction during the remaining three years of his term? citing revival of Sousa's famous comic of justice. John D. Ehrlichman, formerly the The President has to ask: Where does my opera "El Capitan.'' Other groups work­ President's chief domestic adviser, and two duty to the nation lie? ing to make Sousa week something very lesser White House aides have been indicted The answer to the first question is nega­ special are the John Philip Sousa Mem­ on other charges. H. R. Haldeman, another tive. At best, the nation faces three years of orial, the Sousa Band Fraternal Society, of the President's closest assistants, has been a crippled Presidency. At worst, there will be the band department of the University of forced to resign. Still others formerly in high fresh revelations, exposure of new crises, office in the Nixon Administration have pub­ probably the ordeal of impeachment, while Tilinois, Paul Bierly-Sousa biographer, licly conceded that they committed perjury, inquiry into the activities of his associates the Music Educators National Confer­ destroyed evidence, obstructed justice, or and subordinates goes on. ence, and the American Bandmasters committed other crimes but have not yet The one last great service that Mr. Nixon Association. been indicted. Could these men have so acted can now perform for his country is to resign. As a Member of Congress, I call upon without the President's knowledge? He has been trying to "tough it out" for too my distinguished colleagues and the citi­ In addition to the Vesco case in which Mr. long at too great a cost to the nation. As long zens of the United States to join our city Mitchell and Mr. Stans have been indicted, as he clings to office, he keeps the Presidency there is documentary evidence that: swamped in a sea of scandal and the Ameri­ of Washington, D.C., and the above­ The mUk producers promised the Admin­ can public in a morass of concern and con­ mentioned groups in honoring "the istration $2 million in campaign money whUe fusion. The state of the union requires noth­ March King." seeking the favorable rulings that they ob­ ing less than a change in the sorry state of tained with regard to milk prices and import the Presidency. quotas on foreign mUk products; I'IT offered $400,000 to defray the cost of BILL SEEKS CONVEYANCE OF CER­ the 1972 Republican National Convention TAIN U.S. LAND TO LOUISIANA while the White House was actively inter­ JOHN PHIT.n> SOUSA WEEK IN vening-despite denials subsequently shown WASHINGTON, D.C. to be false-to force the Justice Department to settle an antitrust suit on terms acceptable HON. JOE D. WAGGONNER, JR. to I'IT; HON. WALTER E. FAUNTROY OF LOUISIANA Howard Hughes transmitted $100,000 in IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cash to C. G. Rebozo, the President's closest OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA friend, while seeking favorable antitrust rul­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, November 5, 1973 ings from the Government. Vice President Agnew is a case apart. Ac­ Monday, November 5, 1973 Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, I rise in support of the bill, H.R. 9295, which cording to the Justice Department, bribes Mr. FAUNTROY. Mr. Speaker, No­ had been paid to him not only when he was I have sponsored and which is cospon­ an official in Maryland but throughout his vember 6 is the 119th anniversary of the sored by the entire Louisiana delegation. first term as Vice President. This is the man birth of John Philip Sousa, a native of The bill simply provides for the con­ whom Mr. Nixon twice chose as his highest Washington, D.C. It is fitting and proper veyance of certain lands in Caddo Pa­ associate in Government. that this city which he so loved should rish in Robson, La., owned by the United MR. NIXON'S SENSE OF FITNESS honor the man by acknowledging his States to the State of Louisiana for use President Nixon's personal leadership has great music which is taken for granted by Louisiana State University. served to increase rather than relieve the today by Americans in all walks of life. Mr. Speaker, by way of background, I gathering doubts about his fitness to remain "The March King," as he is known, is want to give you a brief history of this in office. Mr. Nixon has infilcted upon the truly one of the greatest musicians of public for fourteen months a bewildering property, a legal description of which is all-time. The marches composed by Mr. provided in the bill. In 1930, the police series of complicated and evasive explana­ Sousa are not merely songs, but have tions of his conduct in the Watergate scan­ jury-the governing body of Caddo Par­ dals. His firing of Archibald Cox, his accept­ been embedded as international symbols ish--donated to the Government ap­ ance of Attorney General Richardson's resig­ of Americans tradition. proximately 138 acres to be used in con­ nation, and his abolition of the office of The District of Columbia has particu­ ducting research on pecan production Special Prosecutor served to convince many lar claim to these traditions, of course, problems. In 1952, 38.80 acres were con­ Americans, once and for all, that their Presi­ as John Philip Sousa was born, raised, veyed back to the State of Louisiana, dent was determined not to have a thorough and educated right here in the Nation's leaving 99.956 acres. The land, although and independent inquiry into the charges Capital. The house where he was born, against him and his associates. not selected by representatives from the The President's truly astonishing conduct at 636 G Street SE., has been restored by Department of Agriculture, was accepted with regard to the Watergate tapes has the Capitol Hill Restoration Society, and by the Department because of the in­ aroused even deeper uneasiness. First, Mr. the house where he did the major part terest of pecan growers in northern November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35979 Louisiana in regard to problems relating tiona! significance under consideration Control Act, and similar bills aimed to pecan production on upland sites as by the Congress of the United States. at bringing the crime rate down. well as on river bottom land. The strength and effectiveness of our Eighty-five percent, or almost seven­ The Agriculture Department has made Government is dependent upon the ex­ eighths of those who responded, were continuous use of this land during the change of views between elected officials opposed to forced busing of schoolchil­ last 43 years conducting research on dis­ and their constituents. One way in which dren out of their neighborhoods as a ease and insect problems and cultural to insure an exchange of views is the means of achieving racial balance. My methods of pecan production. Louisiana Congressional Questionnaire, :=,nd I want own position has been against forced bus­ State University's Agricultural Exten­ to express my sincere appreciation to ing. During the 92d Congress, four rec­ sion Services has cooperated with and more than 15,000 of my constituents who orded votes on major bills, five recorded offered some assistance to the research involved themselves in the decisionmak­ votes on amendments, and 20 unrecorded activities being conducted at the facility ing process by responding to this survey. votes on the busing issue were taken in over the years. Pecan production in Twenty-three questions were asked re­ the House of Representatives. Each time, Louisiana increased fourfold during this lating to both domestic and foreign pol­ I voted consistently against forced bus­ period and production of improved vari­ icy issues. These issues covered the econ­ ing. My position has been reinforced by eties has increased nearly sixfold. omy, pension reform, abortion, the death the responses I have received and there­ Last year and earlier this year, the De­ penalty, war powers, mass transit, the fore I shall continue to oppose forced partment of Agriculture made a determi­ energy crisis, and similar issues. busing should legislation on this issue nation that the pecan research facility Not only was the volume of response come to a vote in the 93d Congress. should withdraw its personnel from the gratifying, for almost 20 percent an­ Fully 85 percent favored controlling pecan research studies that were being swered the questionnaire, but many per­ Federal expenditures. I share this view, done in Caddo Parish inasmuch as simi­ sons attached detailed letters to explain and as chairman of the Personnel Sub­ lar studies were being conducted in By­ the positions they took while others committee of the House Administration ron, Ga., and Brownwood, Tex. USDA placed comments on the margin of the Committee, I was responsible for con­ took the position that individual States questionnaire. ducting a survey, and restructuring and could adequately furnish the additional All of the questionnaires which have consolidating positions in certain offices information that was needed by pecan been returned have been tabulated by of the House of Representatives resulting growers. It is the position of the Louisi­ computer and the consensus of opinion in a savings of taxpayers' dollars of some ana pecan growers, as well as pecan I have received has been of invaluable aid $1.3 million per Congress in payroll ex­ growers in the immediately surrounding to me in formulating my own position penses. I shall continue to oppose waste area, that pecan problems that they ex­ in the legislative considerations confront­ and duplication in Federal spending, for perience are peculiar to the immediate ing us during the 93d Congress. this is one sure way of controlling gov­ area; and they feel that the research Before listing a numerical summary of ernment expenditures of taxpayers' dol­ program presently being conducted in the responses to the questions that I lars. Caddo Parish by USDA and LSU should asked, I want to point out some signifi­ Eighty-seven percent supported Fed­ continue. cant reactions to several important is­ eral regulation of private pension plans By conveying the land to the State of sues. to prevent abuses. I have sponsored legis­ Louisiana to be used by Louisiana State On two issues, 11th District residents lation to achieve this objective, and I am University, it would allow the USDA to were almost evenly divided-abortion pleased to report that the House is ex­ cease its operations there, but would al­ and the Crosstown. On both of these pected to take action on a bill before the low the pecan research facility to con­ questions, such a large number of peo­ end of the year while the Senate has al­ tinue under the direction and operation ple reported they were undecided that a ready passed similar legislation. It is my of LSU. Conveyance legislation is needed clear consensus did not emerge. On the hope that the law which is finally enacted to prevent the property in question from abortion issue, 43 percent were against will insure that those who have paid into being declared surplus by the Govern­ and 44 percent were in favor of the Su­ pension funds will get back every cent ment and being taken over by some other preme Court decision liberalizing abor­ that is due to them, instead of being de­ interest not associated with pecan re­ tion regulations, while 13 percent were prived, as so many have ir... the past, of search. As you know, Mr. Speaker and undecided. Since the number of unde­ their retirement benefits. fellow Members of the House, there is cided could swing the consensus either On the mass transit issue, 77 percent adequate precedence for conveyance of way, and since the mail in my office is favored using some highway trust fund this type. Last Congress, legislation was running heavily against liberalizing money to improve mass transit systems. enacted that would convey land to the abortion regulations, I would like to in­ With the fuel shortage rapidly increasing State of Tennessee to be used by the Uni­ vite my constituents who have not yet in severity, efficient mass transit systems versity of Tennessee on the problems re­ expressed an opinion to drop me a line have become even more important, for lated to livestock breeding in that State. and let me know how they feel. our citizens must have dependable means I feel that I have outlined the history On the Crosstown issue, 37 percent of getting to work, to school, to shopping and need for this legislation, which is wanted Governor Walker's substitute in­ areas, to the doctor's office, and to other supported by Louisiana State University, terstate highway plan in place of Cross­ places so essential to daily living needs. the State of Louisiana, and the pecan town, 42 percent did not want the Cross­ I have been in the forefront of the fight growers in my State, as well as by the town replaced with the Governor's plan, to secure better funding for mass transit Department of Agriculture. and an extremely large number-21 per·­ systems, and authored legislation that cent-were unriecided. It is now up to would have achieved this purpose. I am Governor Walker and Mayor Daley to glad to report, therefore, that such legis­ make the final decision on what hap­ lation has now been enacted into public CONGRESSMAN FRANK ANNUN­ pens to Crosstown. law, and for the first time in the history ZIO ANNOUNCES RESULTS OF 1973 A total of 88 percent felt that the death of our country, some highway trust fund CONGRESSIONAL QUESTIONNAffiE penalty should be reinstated. I have al­ money will be available to improve our ways felt that tougher penalties will serve mass transit systems such as the Chicago HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO as a forceful deterrent to serious crimes, Transit Authority. OF ILLINOIS such as murder, and I shall certainly sup­ Under article 1 of the Constitution, port stricter penalties when legislation of Congress has been given the power to IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES this kind reaches the House floor for ac­ declare war. However, in recent years the Monday, November 5, 1973 tion. Every means at our disposal must executive branch of the Government has Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, I sub­ be utilized to bring down the high crime taken this authority upon itself, and as mit by unanimous consent as official busi­ rate and to make our city streets safe a result, we have found ourselves engaged ness the results of a poll which I con­ once again for our citizens. To this end, in undeclared wars, like Vietnam, where ducted recently to obtain the opinions I have supported the Safe Streets and thousands of our young men have need­ of citizens residing in the 11th Congres­ Crime Control Act, the Omnibus Crime lessly lost their lives. As a result, legis­ sional District of Tilinois, which I am Control Act, the Juvenile Delinquency lation was recently passed by both the privileged to represent, on issues of na- Prevention and Control Act, the Drug House and Senate limiting the Presi- 35980 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 dent's power to commit troops in an 2. Death penalty: Reinstate the death pen­ 16. War powers: Limit the President's alty for the most severe crimes? power to commit troops in an undeclared undeclared war. The President has war? vetoed th1s legislation, and the House will Yes ------88 soon consider overriding the President's No ------9 1Les ------80 veto. Because 80 percent of 11th district Undecided ------S No ------15 residents indicated to me they wanted to 3. Busing: Outlaw busing our schoolchil­ Undecided ------5 limit the Chief Executive's power to com­ dren as a means of achieving racial balance? 17. Inflation: Reinstate strict government mit troops in an undeclared war, I shall controls on food prices? Yes ------85 accordingly vote to override the Presi­ No ------11 Yes ------52 dent's veto. Undecided ------4 No ------34 Over and over again, in notes and let­ 4. Federal spending: Place a ceiling on an­ Undecided ------14 ters I have received, along with responses nual spending as a means of controlling 18. No-fault auto insurance: Make it na­ in the questionnaires, a total dissatisfac­ Federal expenditures? tionwide by Federal law? tion was expressed with our current tax laws. Earlier this year, the Ways and Yes ------83 Yes ------71 No ------8 No ------12 Means Committee, "Nhich drafts tax leg­ Undecided ------9 Undecided ------17 islation, began broad and extensive hear­ 5. NATO: Reduce the number of troops we 19. Wire tapping: Enact a new law tighten­ ings on this issue in order that present have committed under NATO to defend ing court restrictions on wire tapping? inequities in our tax structure might be Europe? eliminated. The committee's considera­ Yes ------70 tion, however, was interrupted because Yes ------70 No ------18 prompt action was required on the trade No ------20 Undecided------12 Undecided ------10 bill and on the pension reform bill. Now 20. Trade: Limit foreign imports to pro­ that this action is almost completed, the 6. Tax credit: Enact legislation to permit tect American businesses and the jobs of tax credits to parents of students attending American workers? committee will return to consideration of private and parochial schools? tax reform legislation. Yes ------74 It is my firm conviction that Congress Yes ------56 No ------18 must plug tax loopholes and cut out No ------39 Undecided ------8 Undecided ------5 "special interest" tax breaks which per­ 21. Vietnam: Provide reconstrutcion assist­ mit high-income individuals and large 7. Energy crisis: Tax all users for excessive ance to North and South Vietnam? companies to escape their fair share of use of gas and electricity? taxation. Congress must also eliminate Yes ------19 Yes ------46 No ------65 the inequity that has long existed as far No ------39 Undecided ------16 as our single taxpayers are concerned. I Undecided ------15 22. Post Office: Return to Federal govern­ have introduced legislation to achieve 8. News: Guarantee to reporters the right ment control? this objective, as well as legislation to to conceal their sources? give a tax exemption to a certain por­ Yes ------67 tion of income our older citizens receive Yes ------58 No ------23 No ------SO Undecided ------20 in the form of retirement benefits. The Undecided ------12 Ways and Means Committee will consider 23. M11ltary spending: CUt spending for 9. Pensions: Tighten Federal regulation new weapons systeinS such as long-range my bills when it resumes its deliberations. of private pension plans to prevent abuses? I shall continue my vigorous support submarines and aircraft carriers? of bills in the Congress to correct in­ Yes ------87 Yes ------42 equities and abuses in our tax laws. I feel No ------7 No ------45 that the money saved from plugging tax Undecided ------6 Undecided ------13 10. Pollution: Tighten environmental loopholes could be better spent for more 24. Age: (1) 15-19 (19%); (2) 20-29 effective pollution abatement, for meet­ regulations on industry, despite possible eco­ nomic slowdown or increased consumer (99%); (3) 30-44(21%); (4) 4tHi5 (48%); (5) 65-up (21%). ing the educational needs of our country, costs? and for reducing property and income 25. Employer: (1) Private (43%); (2) taxes of the overbw·dened middle-income Yes ------67 Public (20%); (3) Self (10%); (4) Retired wage earners. No ------19 (21%); (5) Unemployed (6%). Finally, Mr. Speaker, a plurality of the Undecided ------14 citizens who responded felt that an in­ 11. Guns: Ban the sale of all "Saturday­ Night Special" handguns? crease in social security benefits should PROGRESSIVE FORESTRY come now instead of next year, and I Yes ------91 fully agree. Galloping inflation has hurt No ------7 all of us, but it has hurt the most our Undecided ------2 HON. J. KENNETH ROBINSON senior citizens who are living on fixed 12. Crosstown: Substitute Governor Walk­ incomes. Consequently, I have supported er's plan for a 71-mlle north-south inter­ OF VmGINIA social security benefits increases in the state highway in place of Crosstown? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES past and shall continue to support such Monday, November 5, 1973 increases, as well as to do all I can to Yes ------37 No ------42 Mr. ROBINSON of Virginia. Mr. help our older people meet at least their Undecided ------21 basic daily living necessities such as food, Speaker, it is with pleasure and pride 13. Lottery: Install a national lottery, re­ that I make known to the House that rent, and medical bills. placing taxation to some degree? Mr. Wickham B. Coleman, Jr., of Ruther It is also of interest to note that of Glen, Va., has been selected as the na­ those who returned the questionnaire, Yes ------78 tional honoree in a competition for the largest number-48 percent-were in No ------15 forestry program excellence sponsored by the 45 to 64 age category, while the larg­ Undecided------7 the Future Farmers of America. est number-43 percent--were privately 14. Health insurance: Establish a. National Wick Coleman received his award, not employed. health insurance program that would pro­ long ago, at the National FFA Conven­ Mr. Speaker, the following is the com­ vide coverage for all health care? tion in Kansas City, Mo. Obviously, this pleted questionnaire tabulation according is a matter of great satisfaction to me, as to percentages: Yes ------66 I have the privilege of representing the CONGRESSIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE No ------23 congressional district in Virginia which Undecided------11 1. Abortion: Amend the Constitution to includes Mr. Coleman's home commu­ overturn the Supreme Court decision which 15. Mass transit: Use some highway trust nity. In Virginia, more than 16,000 young liberalizes abortion regulations? fund money to improve mass transit systems? people enrolled in programs of voca­ tional agriculture, which lead to the Yes ------43 Yes ------77 achievement recognized in the award to No ------44 No ------··------17 Undecided ------13 Undecided ------·--- 6 Wick Coleman. November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35981 It is redundant to comment on the im­ degree team contests. I was fortunate in win­ and this in turn has contributed to their portance of our national competence in ning the 1971 State Tractor Driving Contest total farm income. Many a youngster down food production in the context of the and being a member of the winning 1973 through the years has obtained his college state Parliamentary Procedure Team. I have education as a result of soil bank plantings world food shortage situation, but I think represented my chapter as a delegate to the and proper utilization of his woodlands. it important that we encourage, and National FFA Convention in Kansas City and As one looks at our Section, the fact still recognize, 'the achievement of young to the National Safety Conference in Chicago. remains that a majority of the ownerships of people who have shown a commitment to I feel very fortunate in having been able to forestlands is still in the hands of the small agriculture in all of its aspects. participate in these activities. woodland owner. If we are to meet and sus­ Under leave to extend my remarks in I have been active in my church and Sun­ tain the needs of the industry, as well as fol­ the appendix, Mr. Speaker, I include the day School. I have served as President of my low the "multiple use" concept on these text of Wick Coleman's address at an as­ Sunday School Class and have served in sev­ lands, then we must look to the farm boy eral offiocs in my church. to do the kind of job that is necessary while sembly of business leaders hosted by the In school and community activities, I am he is enrolled in vocational agriculture in Seaboard Coastline Railroad Co. at the a member of the National Honor Society, high school. Cincinnati Club, Cincinnati, Ohio, as fol­ served as President of my Senior Class, and Much could be said and written about this lows: am an active member of the Ladysmith Vol­ program which over the years has had a tre­ MY Fo&ESTRY PROGRAM IN VmGINIA unteer Rescue Squad. mendous impact on leadership, conservation, (By Wickham B. Coleman, Jr.) This year at our State FFA Convention I sound management through wise land use, received the coveted State Farmer Degree and I could go on, but I think it best that Mr. Rice, Honored Guests and Fellow and was honored by being named state win­ we let those youngsters that we are recogniz­ Award Winners: ner in the SCL Forestry Program. I was also ing today tell their own story of their for­ Today I bring you greetings from the Vir­ declared State Star Farmer for Virginia. estry, farming and leadership activities. ginia Association of Future Farmers of I am presently enrolled at Virginia Poly­ George Bernard Shaw said, "People areal­ America, and say to each of you that it is technic Institute in Pre-Vet medicine. AI· ways blaming their circumstances for what an honor for me to represent such a fine though I probably will not be engaged in they are. I don't believe in circumstances. The youth organization on this occasion. I would forestry as my life's work, I know that the people who get on in this world are the peo­ like to pubYcly express my sincere apprecia­ many forestry management practices I ple who get up and look for the circum­ tion to my parents, my FFA Advisors, the Vir­ learned in conducting my forestry program stances they want--and if they can't find ginia Association of FFA, and especially the while in high school will certainly help me them, they make them." I am sure you will Seaboard Coast Line Railroad for this great in properly managing the forest on my home learn from the remarks to be made by these opportunity. farm in future years. youngsters today that they will make the It is indeed a pleasure for me to be in Cin­ In closing, I must say this has truly been circumstances fit into their plan for the cinnati today. I consider Ohio my second one of the most rewarding experiences of my future. home since my mother is a "Buckeye" and I life, and I thank each of you for making it visit in this State often. I have looked for­ possible. ward to this occasion for five years. This was EXPORT-IMPORT BANK CHAIRMAN when I first became involved in forestry work Because I think it most important that and when I learned of the forestry program there be an involvement of American QUESTIONS CREDIT WORTHINESS sponsored by the Seaboard Coast Line Rail­ business in the support of young people OF SOVIETS road. As I stand here I realize that without with respect to career motivation consist­ the assistance, love, understanding, and full ent with the tenets of the free enterprise HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK cooperation of so many people I would not be system, I believe the members of the here today. Words cannot express my appre­ OF OHIO House would be interested, as well, in the ciation for all the kindness shown me be­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES cause without this faithfulness and my faith remarks of Mr. Robert N. Hoskins, assist­ in God this trip would have been impossible. ant vice president--forestry and special Monday, November 5, 1973 I began my forestry program upon enter­ projects, of the Seaboard Coast Line Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, with ing the eighth grade at Ladysmith High Railroad Co., so I also include them the current debate on the granting of School. With the help of my FFA Advisors under leave to extend my remarks, as most-favored-nation status and the con­ and County Foresters, I developed a long­ follows: time plan for my forestry program t J be tinued granting of credits to the Soviet completed by my senior year. 1 am happy to A NEW LOOK AT THE SCL-FFA COOPERATIVE Union, an interview with Henry Kearns, report that I was able to complete the pro­ FARM YOUTH FORESTR-Y PROGRAM chairman of the U.S. Export-Import gram as planned. I included reforestation (By Robert N. Hoskins) Bank takes on added significance. Mr. each year and my program includes over 100,- When one looks at the FFA today and those Kearns stated that the Export-Import 000 loblolly pine seedlings set between 1968 receiving the training at the high school Bank does not have the types of infor­ and 1973. I personally set out 35,300 of these level, it must be pointed out that t;hetr mation "that are needed to make a credit and secured the services of fellow FFA chap­ studies and· production records are relevant judgment ... We have informed the ter members to help plant the remalnlng to all agriculture and the agribusiness field. seedlings. I used a variety of methods to Soviets on several occasions that failure Production agriculture has always been a to give us this kind of information would prepare sites for planting the loblolly pine part of the FFA program. The past summer seedlings. These included a controlled burn I had the privilege of attending the S"jate make Eximbank vulnerable to charges on part of my plot and bulldozing 20 acres FFA Convention in Virginia which is held an­ that we are not responsible." myself 0~1 another area. In several of the nually at Blacksburg and the thought oc­ Critics of granting credits to the areas hardwood trees which were left were curred to me that you might be interested Soviet Union have raised this question either girdled or poisoned. I have marked in just some of the accomplishments of the previously among a number of others and thinned a 5 acre stand of pine. I have 314 young farm boys, all seniors, who were harvested 41 cords of pulpwood, 16,000 board that have never been answered. When recipients of the State Farmer degree. the Chairman of the Export-Import feet of saw timber, 500 fence posts, 16 cords These 314 candidates completed 3,580 pro­ of fuelwood, and collected 25 bushels of pine ductive enterprises. Included in this produc­ Bank, an organization never known for cones for the Virginia Division of Forestry. tion area were 11,810 acres of crops, 137,607 toughness in its credit policies, raises the I have maintained several miles of fire lane head of poultry and 8,908 head of livestock. same question, the advisability of the surrounding my forestry projects. While engaged in these projects, they com­ Nixon administration's granting credits I was fortunate in gaining much knowledge pleted 413,152 hours of supervised work ex­ to the Soviet Union is brought into even in forestry by being selected to attend a week perience and invested $1,595,674.00 in agri­ more doubt. At this point, I include in the long forestry camp. I have also visited anum­ culture. The amount of income for the 314 ber of forest industries in my state and RECORD the interview which appeared in participants was $1,377,840.00. the October 27, 1973, issue of Human helped prepare educational exhibits on for­ Yes, the FFA does symbolize working estry for the State Fair and the East Coast America and it was for this reason that we Events. Loggers' Exposition. set up our cooperative FFA forestry program SOVIETS MUM ON FINANCIAL INFo: Is U.S. In addition to forestry activities, my su­ back in 1945, and today we are proud to tell BUSINESS COOLING TOWARD RED TRADE? pervised farming program has included beef you that this marks the 29th consecutive While President Nixon and Secretary of cows, beef bull, baby beef, numerous swine year that we have provided incentives that State Henry Kissinger are working overtime projects, soybeans, hay and corn. I have ex­ recognize production by the farm boy on his to kill any congressional conditions to ex­ hibited my livestock on many occasions dur­ home woodlands. Yes, it is the oldest re­ panded trade with Moscow, a new note of ing my high school years. gional farm youth forestry program in the caution has apparently surfaced among com­ I have been involved in many leadership Nation today. mercial banks and U.S. firms in regard to activities in the FFA. I have served my chap­ You will be interested in knowing that East-West trade. The reason: the growing ter as Sentinel, Reporter and Vice President. during this 29 year period more than 850,000 belief that investments within the Soviet I have represented my chapter in forestry youngsters have gained a little insight into Union might go sour. The American business judging, soils judging, farm mechanics and the need for managing their timber holdings community isn't talking much to the pub- 35982 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 lie-for they fear Administration reprisals-­ I include these two items at this point the other terrain. In many cases these are the but many have made their worries concern­ trails worn down by early day cattlemen or in the RECORD: the Indians before them. ing Soviet business relia.b111ty known to LYONS, OREG., October 12, 1973. sources here in Washington. The IDlman bill doubtless will have a tough AI. ULLMAN, time this session, and maybe for years to Indeed, 1t now develops that even the head House Office Building, of the Eximbank, Henry Kearns, whose out­ come. Washington, D.C. The Pacific Crest Trail still !s soaking up fit has already been called upon to extend DEAR MR. ULLMAN: I am delighted with U.S. government credits to the Soviets for a. federal funds despite the age of the project. your proposed desert trails. I hope that along The Appalachian Trail in the East was be­ number of huge trade deals, has felt it nec­ with this program will be measures to lock essary to raise a. few concerns of his own. gun only five years ago and still has plenty up more of our desert before there developed of work undone. In addition, 14 other routes Here's what Kearns said to Human Events to death. about potent;ia.l Soviet trade just last week: are under study, including the Oregon Trail. I believe that when God made a desert He So there's plenty of competition. But Ull­ HE. It has been said that you don't want meant it. Though delicate the desert seems to extend loans to the Soviets unless they man points out that his is the only one which powerful. Though silent it seems full of would take travelers through all kinds of provide certain financial statements to the melody. Far better it is to listen to the song United States. desert. of the land than to tear its heart out. The low cost of such a trail might give it KEARNS. Yes, well the legislative authority These lines by Mildred Breedlove express of Eximbank authorizes support of export a headstart over the other proposals. But one best the way I feel about the Desert. aspect of the project would be difficult. That's credits so long as we have reasonable assur­ VOICE OF THE DESERT ance of repayment. That's in our legislation, water. Finding or developing waterholes at reiterated every time we have our authority With what weak tools I try to paint 10-20 mile intervals over the entire route renewed. It's our view that as a. responsible A desert l~1llaby might be the ultimate challenge. financial institution we must determine The voice that I must use grows faint This aspect and others probably would whether we have reasonable assurance of re­ Describing hills and sky. mean that in practice it would be a footpath payment. On every transaction, this is the I need a palette and a brush; for only the toughest human beings, and A violin; a lute; would become primarily a horse trail. result of two thin~ne is the intention to That's just fine. Horse competition on repay and the other 1s the ability to repay. For every desert sunrise flush There are those who make a. good case that Leaves me amazed, but mute. Pacific Crest Trail Is tough on hikers, and a The famed composer writes his song; desert trail well might attract many horse the Soviets have the intention to repay.... parties away from footpaths, to the satisfac­ However, as we move to a period where out­ The artist paints his scene; But I, whose love is just as strong, tion of both groups. standing credits are growing at a very rapid Nonetheless, we suppose few people right rate, we feel that it is only reasonable that Know only what they mean. The desert gives its song to me; now are going to work up much excitement Eximbank should have full financial infor­ over scattering trail signs across the high mation from the Soviet Union comparable to The hills, their thousand hues; But I, in deep humility, desert. what we receive from any other country ... But friendlier areas are going to fill up not more, but comparable. Have only words to use. I gaze in awe upon the peaks someday. It's going to be hard to find a place HE. What is full financial information­ to get away from crowds--even from crowds what are they not giving us that other coun­ As rainbow tints appear; Though I am mute, the desert speaks, of hikers. tries are? Staking out the trail before other uses cut KEARNS. Well, we don't have such things For God, Himself is here Sincerely, the route apart sounds like a pretty good as the amount of their external debts, their idea. regular debt servicing, nor any idea of their Mrs. C. ANTONIO THOMAS. convertible reserves. These are the things that are needed to make a credit judg­ WHY WOULD ANYBODY HIKE ACROSS THE ment.... We have informed the Soviets on DESERT? THE ECONOMIST AND THE several occasions that failure to give us this A friend of ours in Baker raises cattle for COMPUTER kind of information would make Eximbank a living. He herds them by hardtop most of vulerna.ble to charges that we are not act­ the time, and with a pickup truck when it ing responsibly. gets rough. Once or twice a. month things get HON. J. KENNETH ROBINSON so bad he even has to use a horse. He thinks HE. Even 1f they give us this informa..tion, OF VIRGINIA how will we know how to verify it? Russell Pangelly and AI llilman are nuts. KEARNs. Oh, I don't think that there Is Why would anybody ride off across the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES any implication that information, 1f sup­ desert for fun? Or, worse yet, try walking Monday, November 5, 1973 plied, would be other than accurate. across it? HE. But how would we verify? Pangelly, of Burns, Is a principal author Mr. ROBINSON of Virginia. Mr. KEARNS. We don't have any means to verify of the idea for a foot and horse trail through Speaker, Mr. William D. Pardridge, an it with any country. There's no authority to the Eastern Oregon area and to the Canadian economic analyst and writer on economic verify it with any country. There is no au­ and Mexican borders. Congressman AI llil­ subjects, observes trends from his rural diting system except the International Mon­ man Is the sponsor of the National Desert Trail Bill, which he Introduced in the House site of contemplation in Greene County, etary Fund. Va., along the eastern slope of the Blue HE. But because there is freedom in other this week to formalize the Pangelly project. countries and American and government of­ At first, we agreed with our Baker friend. Ridge, in the Seventh Congressional Dis­ ficials can talk to businessmen very openly But the longer we think about the trail idea trict, which I have the honor to represent. in other countries, there 1s a. better chance to the better we like it. His writing have attracted notice from check out information. If the bill passes, the federal government other observers of contemporary econom­ KEARNS. We have every confidence that the would start developing a 2,500 mile trail ics, and I include at this time, as of pos­ information they [the Soviets] could give through what once was an inland sea. But the possible route we've drawn on the map sible interest to the House, the text of a us would be responsible. . . . below indicates that considerable diversity is related column by John Chamblerlain envisioned in selection of terrain. which appeared in the Richmond, Va., From the Alps-like vista of the Wallow as Times-Dispatch, and other newspapers, near Homestead, at the south end of Hells on September 19, 1973, as follows: PROPOSED DESERT TRAIL Canyon, the route would pass over rolling THE COMPUTER AS VILLAIN hills and down rocky gulches. It would go by rivers, falls and caves, skirt old volcanic cra­ (By John Chamberlain) HON. AL ULLMAN ters and circle around shallow lakes teeming William D. Pardridge, the self-styled "dis­ OF OREGON with wildfowl. It would cross swamps, go up agreeable economist" of Stanardsville, Va., gorges, and climb over a shoulder of the who specializes in shatteringly disrespectful IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Steens Mountains-a spectacular fault-be­ observations, put the plame for much of our Monday, November 5, 1973 fore settling down to alkali dust on Alvord inflation on the computer. Desert. Since the computer Is an unthinking work­ Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, recently I Ullman says little expense would be in­ horse, utterly dependent for its answers on introduced legislation to add the Desert volved because most the route through what human beings put into it, how can a Trail as a candidate for designation as a Idaho, Oregon, Nevada, 0al1forn1a and Ari­ mere technological device be an active pro­ national scenic trial. The reaction to my zona is on federal or state land. Where there moter of the dollar's collapse? The answer proposal has been most encouraging, and is private land, there stlll Is little develop­ is that mass credit, on the inflationary scale I wanted to share two particularly inter­ ment. that it Is used today, would be much too It wouldn't be the difficult and costly trail­ costly a bookkeeping proposition 1f the com­ esting responses with my colleagues. building job that the Pacific Crest Trail has puter did not exist to retrieve data instan­ The first is a letter and poem from one been (it still isn't complete after a hal! a taneously, to grind out the bills, to figure the of my constituents. The second is an edi­ century or so of trying). Much of the land is interest rates, to do elaborate bookkeeping torial from the Capital Journal in Salem, fiat enough to need no trail construction. without the intervention of the human hand, Oreg. There are existing horse trails over much of and to reckon the actuarial chances of losing November 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 35983 important sums on delinquent accounts. If THE RACE FOR THE LAST OF failed, hard economic measures may suc­ all the paper work involved in the phenome­ THE GREAT ~ES MUST BE ceed. non of mass credit had to be done by Dicken­ I commend Mr. Kimball's letter to the sian clerks using qulll pens at rolltop desks, STOPPED the cost of it would quickly ktll the whole attention of our colleagues and the pub­ idea. lic. This is Bill Pardridge's theory, and it is HON. JOHN D. DINGELL NATIONAL WILDLIFE FEDERATION, brilliantly obvious. I can claim to be the cata­ OF MICHIGAN Washington, D.O., October 12, 1973. President RICHARD M. NIXON, lytic agent in provoking it; for I drew a snap­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES pish response when I commended to him the White House, reports of the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Monday, November 5, 1973 Washington, D.O. Louis, which gave the lie to our supposed in­ DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: The purpose of this flation fighters in Washington, D.C., by tell­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, for cen­ letter is threefold: ( 1) to express the National ing the truth about the continual month-by­ turies, man has relentlessly pursued the Wildlife Federation's concern and outrage at month creation of an oversupply of new great whales, harvesting incalculable the callous refusal of the Governments of money. The Federal Reserve of St. Louis, said numbers of them throughout the oceans Japan and the USSR to adequately limit Pardridge, tells only half the story: To the of the world. In just the last 50 years, their commercial whaling activities; (2) to superfluity of paper purchasing power, as evi­ over 2 million of these great creatures advise you that the three and one-half mil­ denced by the government flushing of the lion Americans represented by the Federation have been slaughtered to be turned into are being urged to initiate a boycott of Japa­ money stock, there must be added the mass lubricants, pet food, shoe polish, paint, credit that has zoomed our total debt, public nese and Russian consumer products; (3) and private, to well over $2,000 billion. soap, and margarine, all products for to recommend that the United States Gov­ Even in the time of Socrates phllosophers which a ready substitute exists. But be­ ernment use all feasible diplomatic and eco­ were arguing whether ideas or technological cause they are the cheapest and most nomic means to influence Japan and the innovations were responsible for most social convenient raw material, the brutal ex­ USSR to modify their whaling practices. change. The truth is that ideas and tech­ ploitation by :fleets of whalers continues. The intransigence of the two nations in nology act together. The specific idea that this matter was clearly demonstrated at the But, as with so many wildlife situa­ 25th Annual Meeting of the International has unleashed the computer to flood society tions where scientific management prin­ with credit-card buying on what the British Whaling Commission (IWC) held this past call the "never-never" is summed up in a ciples have been ignored, the leviathans June in London, England. At the meeting, phrase: the permissive society. Since "any­ of the sea are rapidly diminishing in both Japan and Russia declared their un­ thing goes" in this sort of society, why number. The blue whale, largest of all wlllingness to abide by an earlier decision shouldn't the computer go hog wild as the living creatures, which may be a hundred made by all14 member nations to provide the high priests of affluence use electrical im­ feet long and weigh more than a hun­ Commission with a strengthened secretariat. pulses to reckon the actuarial chances of In addition, the Japanese voted against dred tons, is already nearing extinction three principal conservation decisions and losing money on people who overestimate and the other huge whales may not be their capacity to absorb debt? the Russians against two. These decisions, Not so long ago Arnold Saltzman, a New far behind. made by a three-fourths majority of the York City industrialist, suggested that a dis­ In 1971, the United States responsibly member nations, were based on recommen­ interested advisory commission be set up to ceased its whaling activities and both dations made by its own Scientific Commit­ study the probable effects of congressional Houses of Congress passed resolutions tee, composed of recognized, outstanding social and economic legislation. The board calling for a 10-year international mora­ international authorities on Cetacea--the that Pardridge has assembled to get a new whale order. torium on the commercial taking of The Scientific Committee's recommenda­ organization, Economic Inequities, Inc., whales and asking our State Department started might meet Saltzman's criteria; for tions are biologically-sound and predicated it includes the chairmen of three university to negotiate to that end. At the same on viable wildlife management principles. In economics departments: Dr. Dudley Dillard time, other nations, which have played a essence, the recommendations are intended of the University of Maryland, Dr. Richard major whaling role in the past, have to afford a greater degree of worldwide pro­ T. Selden of the University of Virginia and taken steps to phase out or cease their tection to the fin and sperm whales, two of Dr David Davies of Duke University. Anna whaling activities completely. the last three species of great whales not uni­ J. Schwartz of the National Bureau of Eco­ versally accepted as endangered but consid­ And, in response to scientific warnings ered by most experts to be at least in the nomic Research, who was Prof. Milton Fried­ that whales are dwindling, the first man's collaborator on an authoritative "threatened" category. We are attaching a monetary history of the U.S., is another Eco­ United Nations Conference on the Hu­ brief summary of the three measures in the nomic Inequities board member, and Joseph man Environment held in Stockholm in International Whaling Convention to which W. McGuire, vice president of planning at June of last year unanimously passed a Japan and the USSR have taken formal ex­ the University of California in Berkeley, has U.S. proposal that called for a morator­ ception. signified his willingness to join. ium on whale killing. We do not deny that large voids still exist The importance of this group is that it On an international level, however, in man's knowledge and understanding of proposes to hold three national conferences whales and other ocean mammals. There is these responsible efforts have apparently a real need for stepped-up whale research, to which theoreticians will be invited to de­ been in vain. Though the International liver formal papers. The first conference including the collection of more comprehen­ promises to examine the relations between Whaling Commission has strongly urged sive, reliable population statistics. Neverthe­ inflation, total public and private debt, and management principles to conserve the less, the best scientific information available the economic production of goods and serv­ stocks of great whales, the Governments points towards the possible extinction of at ices. The second is scheduled to examine true of Japan and Russia have consistently least some of the eight species of great economic employment as distinguished from rebuffed these efforts and apparently whales unless all whaling nations are willing public employment. And the third, utilizing to revise their practices to the degree neces­ have no intention of slowing down. By sary to insure the survival of these great the findings of the first two, wlll be charged ignoring the International Whaling Com­ with determining the causes and conditions marine mammals. In other words, if man errs of maintaining full economic employment mission recommendations, both the Sovi­ in his treatment of whales it should be on with zero inflation. ets and the Japanese are acting within the side of conservation, not exploitation. This is a tall order, but with the failure of the legal bounds of the Commission and, That is why the U.S. ceased all whaling such governmental bodies as the President's thus, the world is apparently helpless to activities in 1971 and has encouraged other Council of Economic Advisers, the Cost-of­ act. whaling nations to do likewise. Through Living Council, and the Federal Reserve it­ So, over the objections of the United their actions, all IWC members, except Japan self, someone has to come up with fresh and Russia, have demonstrated a genuine States and the other concerned whaling desire to prevent further decline of the great thinking about our economic necessities. If and non-whaling countries, the U.S.S.R. one thing is patent, even such able people as whales. It is incomprehensible to us, in view Secretary of the Treasury Shultz and Dr. and Japan are proceeding with the race of the precarious status of all eight species John T. Dunlop, head of the Cost-of-Living for the last great whales. of great whales, that the Governments of Council, don't really believe in what the In Japan and the USSR are continuing to defy an October 12, 1973, letter to the world opinion by their short-sighted actions. government has been doing under the vari­ P.r_esident, Executive Vice President ous "1Jhases" from one to four. President Surely, the relatively small economic sacri­ Nixon- needs outside advice that will be in­ Thomas L. Kimball, National Wildlife fice which the two nations have been re­ dependent of what is conceived to be "po­ Federation, suggests that the American quested to make in this matter is not un­ litical necessity." When people demand snake public, by exercising a massive consumer reasonable in light of the grim consequences oil, which is what we get when "controls" go boycott on all Japanese and Soviet prod­ of continuing on their present course. It is hand in hand with almost unlimited credit ucts, may exert enough international generally accepted that satisfactory sub­ and a seven per cent annual increase in stitutes exist for all known whale products, monetary stock, they should be told that pressure on those countries to save the such as animal food, lubricant, and ingre­ "political necessity" is the last thing that great whales. He indicates that where dient in cosmetics, soap, paint, and shoe should be indulged. reason and appeals to. humanity have polish. The amount of protein which whale 35984 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Novembe1· 5, 1973 meat contributes to the Japanese diet is, by broad cross section of compassionate peo­ these problems. As examples, they point any standards, insignificant. Continued ex­ ple, worldwide. to narcotic addiction, the oppressive bur­ ploitation of the whale cannot be justified Sincerely yours, den of taxation, welfare reform, busing, on the basis of nutrition or public health. THOMAS L. KrMBALL, Executive Vice President. and crime. The Federal Government, By their adamant refusal to strengthen the they argue, is not only too far removed IWC Secretariat or to accept the recommen­ dations of the IWC Scientific Committee, the ATTACHMENT from-and insensitive to-these prob­ Governments of Japan and the USSR have Russia and/or Japan take exception to the lems but is the cause, all too often, of made it abundantly clear that neither na­ following three measures in the Interna­ the very problems which the States are tion desires to make the IWC a credible con­ tional Whaling Convention: called upon to solve. servation body but prefers to have the Com­ (1). Limiting the 1973-74 quota of fin The leaders of ALEC are dedicated to mission remain an industry-dominated orga­ whales to 1,450 (tota.l) and phasing out all seeing State government play a stronger nization. The National Wildlife Federation hunting of the species by June 1976. (The role vis-a-vis the Federal Government. considers that position especially indefensi­ Scientific Committee concludes that the fin They are convinced that the State gov­ ble in light of the great international in­ whale, hunted in the Antarctic, is seriously terest in conservation of whales expressed at depleted. The total population is estimated ernments can show the Federal Govern­ the Stockholm Conference on the Human at 80,000-100,000 whales, down from ap­ ment the answers to many of its own Environment in June, 1972. proximately 425,000 maximum. Although the problems. In view of the above, the Federation has Committee did not support the U.S.-pro­ I think that we will be seeing much concluded that American citizens should no posed immediate moratorium, it recom­ more of this fine organization and I wish longer sit idly by and watch international mended a complete phase-out of commer­ the men involved good luck in the im­ authority and world opinion flaunted in this cial hunting over the next three years. Japan portant job ahead. matter. Since Japan and Russia are acting alone opposes this measure.) within the legal constraints of the IWC (2) Limiting the take of minke whales Mr. Speaker, I insert at this point in Charter, that body is apparently helpless to to a total of 5,000 in 1973-74, the same the RECORD the "Statement of Purpose" act. Hence, it is up to Americans, individually quota as last year. (The minke whale, not of the American Legislative Exchange and collectively, to persuade the Govern­ one of the eight species of great whales, was Council. ments of Japan and the USSR to change first commercially hunted in 1972. At that The statement follows: their whaling practices. time, Japanese biologists estimated the total AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE EXCHANGE COUNCIL It seems to us that our persuasion, to be population to be 150,000 + in the Antarctic. STATEMENT OF PURPOSE effective, must hit the Japanese and the Thinking it would be the only nation hunt­ Russians in their pocketbooks. Therefore, ing minke whale in 1972, Japan agreed to We as conservative legislators believe that I a.m encouraging the three and one-ha.lf a 5,000 quota. However, the Soviets decided the unique American Federal system requires million people whom the National Wildlife to harvest the minke whale, beat Japan to close cooperation and consultation among Federation represents, as well as all other the Antarctic hunting waters, and took the Members of Legislatures in the several States Americans concerned about the conservation first 3,200 limiting the Japanese catch to and Members of Congress. of whales, to boycott products imported from about 2,500 whales. To preclude any pos­ That belief springs from a conservative Japan and Russia. If our boycott of Japa­ sibility of a simllar situation arising this philosophical promise that nothing should nese-made automoblles, electronic equip­ year, Japan is pressing for a total quota of be undertaken by a higher echelon of gov­ ment, cameras, and clothing and such Rus­ 12,230 minke whales. To justify more than ernment which can be accomplished by a low­ sion consumer products as canned fish, alco­ doubling the annual quota, Japanese biolo­ er echelon and that individual freedom de­ holic beverages, and furs is successful, per­ gists-using the same scientific information mands strict limitations on the power of all haps the industrial sector of those two na­ as last year-are now estimating the total levels of government. tions can succeed in changing their govern­ Antarctic population to be about 299,000. We further believe that State governments ments' wha.ling practices where world opinion The IWC accepted the Scientific Commit­ are vital to the continued success of our and IWC actions have failed. tee's recommendation of a 1973-74 minke Federal Union and that the genius of our Recognizing that a citizen boycott can be whale quota of 5,000.) Constitution is summed up in the primacy most effective 1f it is combined with firm (3) Establishing 1973-74 quotas on sperm clause which delegates residual powers to the Federa.l action, the National Wildlife Federa­ whales based on three geographica.l areas in States and to the People 1n those spheres tion urges you to: the Southern Hemisphere rather than sex, as not specifically delegated to the national ( 1) Review the so-ca.lled "Pelly Amendment done last year. (This should result in a. more government. to the Fishermens Protective Act of 1967" to equitable distribution of the sperm whale We therefore establish the American Legis­ determine its applicability to this case. population. Catching by sex, without regard lative Exchange Council: (2) Undertake a review of U.S. trade agree­ to geographical location, encourages "over­ 1. To assist conservative legislators in the ments with Japan and Russia. (For example, kill" in more easily accessible hunting waters. States and in Congress by sharing research there is considerable bargaining leverage to Acceptance by IWC-by a 12 to 2 vote--of information and staff support fa.cllities. be gained from our wheat transactions with concept establishing separate sperm whale 2. To establish a. clearinghouse for con­ the USSR and our soybean sales to Japan. quotas for three geographical areas repre­ servative bills at the State legislature level It seems to us such leverage could be especial­ sented a compromise solution. The Japanese and to provide for a bill exchange program. ly helpful in getting the Russia government and Russians wanted to continue establish­ 3. To disseminate model conservative legis­ to modify its whaling practices since it is ing hunt quotas by sex but the Scientific lation in all 50 State legislatures and among unlikely that a citizen boycott of the few Committee recommended separate quotas several thousand legislators. Also, to promote consumer products imported from that coun­ for nine geographical areas in the South­ the introduction of companion bills 1n Con­ try would have much effect.) ern Hempishere stating, "the Committee gress and in the States including resolutions (3) Work with the U.S. Congress to de­ does not consider that a single quota should on Amendments to the Constitution and velop and adopt a joint resolution condemn­ be set for each sex for the whole Southern State resolutions which memorialize the Con­ ing current Japanese-Russian whaling prac­ Hemisphere".) gress to act in specific areas. tices and urging the two nations to fa.ll into 4. To improve communications between line with other IWC members. conservative State legislators and Members (4) Explore the use, as appropriate, of the of Congress. variety of diplomatic channels at your dis­ AMERICAN LEGISLATIVE 5. To formulate conservative action pro­ posal to dissuade Japan and Russia from grams and legislative initiatives which will pursuing this unpopular ill-advised course. EXCHANGE COUNCIL help to promote federalism by strengthening As the world's largest private conserva­ the position of State governments and to de­ tion organization, the Federation does not fine conservative positions on intergovern­ HON. PHILIP M. CRANE mental relations. treat its responsibilities frivolously. Thus, we OF ILLINOIS are fully aware of the serious content of this 6. To consult with conservative legislators IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES in foreign nations as to their ideas on prob­ letter and the economic impact it might have lems of mutual concern. on trade relations, especially with Japan. In Monday, November 5, 1973 our considered judgment, however, we can­ not afford to procrastinate any longer. The Mr. CRANE. Mr. Speaker, in recent lengthy delays in reaching amicable settle­ months, conservative State legislators THE CASE FOR SUPPORTING ISRAEL ments with the Governments of Japan and from around the country have joined the USSR are jeopardizing the continued via­ together to form the American Legislative bility of the great whales. Exchange Council-ALEC-a bipartisan HON. SIDNEY R. YATES Please be assured that the National Wild­ coalition. OF ILLINOIS life Federation will fully support all U.S. These legislators feel that there is IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES initiatives in this matter. Our resolve to much more that State government Monday, November 5, 1973 make the citizen boycott effective is should be doing about today's most strengthened by the firm belief that our con­ pressing problems. State government, Mr. YATES. Mr. Speaker, on Sunday, cern for saving the whales 1s shared by a they hold, is best suited to solving most of October 21, an article appeared in the Nc'!'ember 5, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 3598rl Chicago Sun Times by George Anastaplo other to the Declaration of Independence. people who must "save face" after having entitled "The Case for Supporting For better and for worse, the two countries been defeated repeatedly by the Israelis. Is is are very much alike: They, like us, are fun­ such face-saving really more important than Israel." Mr. Anastaplo a lecturer in the damentally Western in orientation, in stand­ the preservation of the only sovereign Jewish liberal arts at the University of Chicago ards and in ways of conducting political and community in the world, a country of fewer and a professor of political science and social affairs. than 10,000 square miles flanked by millions of philosophy at Rosary College. He has But there are not only affinities to keep us of square miles of Arab territory? One is a fine background to discuss the matters together. There are debts as well, debts owed reminded of the German insistence upon the appearing in the article, and I commend to the Jewish people and (considering the Sudetenland. it to reading by my colleagues in the Con­ sentiments of most articulate and informed It is, it should be added, impossible to gress. Jews I know) owed by extension to Israel as determine without qualification to whom a convenient, if not even necessary, home­ Palestine "belonged" before Israel was estab­ The article follows: land of world Jewry. Our debts reach back to lished. Possession is put forward by Arab THE CASE FOR SUPPORTING ISRAEL t he contribution of Jews to our heritage, the spokesmen as decisive for their claim, but (By George Anastaplo) contribution of that demanding message that is not as decisive on their behalf as is It is difficult, in these perilous times for which came out of the desert to challenge sometimes believed. That is, a British man­ Israel, to speak responsibly about what European paganism. There is also the con­ date preceded the establishment of Israel should be done by the United States to en­ tribution made by the Jews of the West in and before that a long Turkish rule. sure that the terms upon which the Mideast the two world wars, those wars which can be But, it will be said, the resident Arab fighting ends are terms which do not leave said to have made it possible for the Arab population had been kept from rightful Israel crippled and vulnerable. peoples to escape German imperialism and possession by foreign occupiers. This, how­ That the United States wm continue to do begin to achieve a national consciousness. ever, reminds one that Jews, too, have been something on Israel's behalf is highly likely. And there is as well the awful price paid by kept from what they considered rightful How much we will do, and in what spirit and the Jews at the hands of the Nazi tyranny possession, even longer and by even more on what terms, depends in part on official which threatened to engulf all of Europe. One foreign occupiers. Thus, the claims of the assessments by us of American interests in cannot help but wonder sometimes whether Jews are much older than those of the Arabs, the Middle East, assessments in which global that price really had to be paid, whether the their possession much more recent. strategic considerations wlll necessarily play West did all it could a"ld should have done to Of course, such considerations cannot be a part. keep the Nazis from doing what they did. We conclusive, but they do point up the dJfficulty But these assessments should depend as cannot permit, for the good of our souls, an­ of determining abstract property rights in well on something much deeper and finer other such awful miscalculation with respect such circumstances. It should also be added than transient strategic calculations: They to the fate of Jews. that one basis for a just allocation of the should take account of our relation as a free Still another miscalculation we should resources of the world is that they should be and humane people to a like-minded people guard against today is that of assuming we in the hands of those who will make the best ln Israel. Indeed, such a relation can even surely know better than the Israelis what use of them for mankind. Can it be denied be decisive in defining our permanent na­ is good, or safe, for them. Our attention is by any detached observer that the level of tionalinterest in the Middle East. easily diverted from the Middle East; we civilization in Israel today, and in the fore­ My long and intimate association with Jews have many other legitimate concerns all over seeable future, is markedly superior to that ln the American academic community has the world &.s well as at home; and, all too found in any of its belUgerent neighbors? kept me somewhat more aware than I might often, we simply cannot know as well as in­ Should not all the Arab peoples of North otherwise have been of the problems and volved people on the spot what is going on Africa and the Middle East profit from having aspirations (as well as the sometimes aggres­ and what is likely to happen. in their midst--as an example of what can sive, if understandable, self-righteousness) The Israelis are, it is safer to assume, be done with modern technology and social of Israel. On the other hand, my opposition probably better judges of their long-run in­ democracy-an imaginative and industrious since the beginning to the misconceived terests than we here are likely to be. I do not people such as the Israelis? Are not adapta­ American involvement in the Vietnam War suggest that we give the Israelis a blank tion of the Israeli experiment, financed by helps make me aware of the care and self­ check. But we should be aware of our limita­ the vast oil wealth of the Arabs, the true restraint with which the United States should tions and of our preoccupations elsewhere. source of liberation for the Arab peoples of use its great power all over the world. We should also be aware that the Israelis are the world? It is impossible at this time not to ap­ a sophisticated and intelllgent people who It should be noticed, in passing, that Mid­ preciate on campuses the distress of one's are more than likely to be aware in turn of dle East on may not be as critical for us as is Jewish friends at the bleak prospects for what it is appropriate and prudent to expect sometimes thought. We can, in the short Israel, whatever the outcome of present hos­ from the United States. (However that may run, adjust to politically inspired oil short­ tilities: It sometimes seems that, unless the be, no one should want to see American ages by raising prices and thus consuming Americans and Russians jointly insist upon soldiers fighting in the Mideast.) less. Our sacrifices, in the interest of a hu­ and guarantee a just settlement in the Middle The Israelis wm no doubt make mistakes­ mane foreign policy, are more easily to be en­ East, war will continue for generations-a or seem to make mistakes. For instance, they dured by us than the sacrifices which would war which the Israelis can never win and the may even be tempted, should they drive the tend, after awhile, to undermine the re­ Arabs can never lose. The prospects of that invading Egyptian forces back across the straint-of-trade conspiracy among the oil­ can be, for both Israelis and Arabs, quite Suez Canal, to relieve themselves of their producing countries. Indeed, the Arabs shoUld demoralizing-and for world peace quite dan­ corrosive Palestinian refugee-camps problem be made to understand that their refusal gerous. by evacuating into the Port Said area the to supply Western markets can only mean, Sarajevo should remind the Great Powers Arab inhabitants of the Gaza Strip. They in the long run, more and hence cheaper fuel of the limits of limited war. may even consider themselves obliged and supplies than there would otherwise have It has been noticed that American foreign justified, in the event of a crushing victory been available. That is, the international policy is influenced, both in the Executive won after the great sacrifices they are now economy can be expected to adjust to the and in Congress, by the well-organized and making, to force a permanent demobilization deliberate withholding of Middle East on articulate Jewish minority in this country. of their neighbors, employing the promise just as it did to the closing of the Suez Canal. It is, of course, always somewhat a matter of of preventive strikes to ensure that their What should we do now? We should, of chance who one's friends happen to be-if injunctions are obeyed. Such a Pax Judaica, course, do what we can to stop the current only because chance does affect what people which would have the added advantage of hostilities on terms the Israelis can live with. one comes to know and thereupon to like or promising to ease a ruinously costly arms One condition for being able to do so is to to disllke. But it should also be noticed that race in the area, may become particularly make it clear we will not be blackmailed by the reasons why Jews are here at all in a attractive to Israelis if they should consider threats to our standard of living. I do not politically significant minority, and why they themselves likely to be abandoned by the presume to argue for a particular policy in remain an identifiable and hence cohesive United States. That is, desperate circum­ the Midesat. But I have suggested why we minority, have very much to do with why stances may call for desperate measures, even should be inclined to continue to support the both they and all other Americans should be more desperate measures than the two I have Israelis, why our sympathies must remain concerned about the appropriate relations just mentioned. with them. These sympathies, properly un­ between the United States and Israel. But, the fair-minded American must also derstood, are also with those Arab peoples The affinities between these two countries wonder, is a pollcy of guaranteeing the con­ who have been exploited by demagogs and by are neither accidental nor superficial. Both tinued existence of Israel truly just to the desperate, if not reckless, leaders. countries are among the few in the world Arabs? Western radicals do speak of "Israeli Should not Arab honor be appealed to over which are made up almost entirely of immi­ colonialism" and of "Arab liberation move­ the heads of their impassioned exploiters? grants or the descendants of fairly recent ments." This kind of talk strikes me as, at Everyone should be reminded that the Arabs 1mm1grants. That is, both countries have best, Irresponsible sentimentallty. What se- are capable of behaving better than they have nobly served as havens for the persecuted and rious problems among 100 m1llion Arabs, been led to do in recent years. Their illus­ the dispossessed of the earth. Both countries aside from the unrest created by incessant trious past should not be forgotten, either by are also among the few which embody and a.nt1-Israel1 propaganda, w111 be solved by them or by us. Jews and Arabs, for centuries somehow represent an idea: One looks back the subjugation of a country of 3 milllon at a time, have lived with one another In to the Old Testament for its heritage, the Israelis? The Arabs, it is said, are a proud peace and harmony. There is no good reason 35986 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 why this should not happen again. Indeed, paper was presented at this conference MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION STANDARDS the richest period of Jewish philosophy, to which was of particular interest to me There are 29 major metropolitan centers which the work of the late Leo Strauss is an because i·t summec up the situation we in the United States that will not be able eloquent tribute, was when the Jews lived are now in with the Clean Air Act. The to meet the primary health standards for under Moslem rule in Spain and elsewhere. paper was drafted by a number of the ambient air quality even with the 90% re­ The Jews should be permitted to repay duction in auto emissions mandated by the what they have gotten from their Arab conference attendees and was presented Act. The 90 % reduction figure was based on benefactors-but to do this properly they by Lois Jeffrey, a member of the steering testimony of auto industry representatives, seem to need a justly defensible country of committee of the conference. I commend who requested a final cleanup target to work their own in the Holy Land. this paper to those who are concerned toward, plus previous experience under the about the implications of the Clean Air 1967 Clean Air Act. Act and who may now be reexamining At least one auto manufacturer has al­ their own positions on it. The paper ready testified that a 90 % reduction is PU'rl'ING PROPOSALS FOR CHANG­ follows: feasible with existing technology and the ING THE CLEAN AIR ACT IN PER­ others will certainly be able to reach the SUPPORTING THE CLE.o\N AIR ACT reductions required by 1976. There is reason SPECTIVE (By Lois Jeffrey) to believe that continuing technological de-. PREFACE velopment will produce improved control HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR. I am Lois Jeffrey, staff specialist on en­ techniques for meeting 1977 deadlines. There vironmental quality, League of Women Voters is, therefore, no reason to soften the goal OF CALIFORNIA Ecucation Fund. I am not speaking in an now. To do so would only confirm the worst IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fears of industry that standards might be official capacity for the League, but rather as changed in mid-stream. Monday, November 5, 1973 a participant in the National Conference on the Clean Air Act and as a spokesman !or AMBIGUITY OF KEY SECTIONS OF THE ACT Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. Speak­ a number of other participants who feel that We believe that the Act is as clear and er the Clean Air Act Amendments of the focus of the Conference should not be precise as need b~. Regarding the prevention 19,70 are currently undergoing extensive limited to criticism of the legislation. of "significant deterioration" of air quality scientific and political examination. SUPPORTING THE CLEAN AIR ACT; INTRODUCTION in any portion of any state, there is now Those examining the act for strengths or With all deference to the keynote speaker, absolute lucidity; under the decision af­ weaknesses will all acknowledge one Professor Stern, a group consisting of a num­ firmed by the United States Supreme Court in Sierra Club vs. Ruckelshaus, no significant significant point, and that is that tt.. e ber of members of this conference !eels it deg;Tadation is permissible. Nothing could 1970 amendments are forcing changes necessary to offer a perspective on the Clean be clearer. EPA is using an existing mech­ that will improve air qualitY. No law is Air Act which diverges substantially !rom Professor Stern's view. Our purpose is not to anism to define "significant deterioration" perfect, and the Clean Air Act deserves dissent from the thoughtful and sincere re­ and is doing so with public input. close scrutiny and oversight. The act also marks of the keynote speaker, but rather to Similarly, nothing in the Act itself man­ needs adeUnited Kingdom which represents the 200 Roman Catho­ desia document the efforts of several hun­ in 1965, Britain condemned the action as lic bishops of this Nation. dred thousand whites to deny human rights an "illegal assumption of independence," This statement submitted this fall to to the five million blacks in Rhodesia by suspended the Smith government and severely restricting their political, cultural, brought the issue to the U.N. Security the Congress persuasively urges the re­ social and economic life. The vast majority Council. The Security Council upheld that peal of the Byrd amendment and the of black Africans a.re virtually disenfran­ judgment when it called upon the U.N. enforcement on the part of the United chised by the Rhodesian constitution which member nations "not to recognize this lliegal States of the United Nations sanction specifically prohibits the African majority racist Ininority regime in Southern Rhode­ against all Rhodesian imports. from ever gaining a significant political role s1a." Since that time, no n81tion has granted I am proud to associate myself with in their own country. recognition to Rhodesia as an independent these remarks made on behalf of the Bshop Donal Lamont, president of the sovereign nation. U.S. Catholic Conference by Bishop Rhodesian catholic Bishops Conference, Further, in 1966, following unsuccessful Joseph L. Bernardin. summed up the network of oppression and attempts by United Kingdom and Rhodesian domination which surrounds the black Rho­ officials to negotiate their differences, the The statement follows: desians: "It is simply breeding discontent U.N. Security Council voted unanimously to U.N. SANCTIONS AGAINST RHODESIA and courting disaster to expect a whole peo­ impose mandatory sanctions on certain im­ (Submitted to the U.S. Congress by Arch­ ple who outnumber those who govern by ports from Rhodesia. The United States bishop Joseph L. Bernardin, on behalf of 20 to 1, to be happy with a condition of voted in favor of the sanctions, although it the usee, fall 1973) affairs which accords to them merely a mar­ had the legal right to veto the resolution. ginal existence in the social, economic, polit­ The current reexamination by the U.S. When the scope of the U.N. sanctions was ical and cultural life of their country, and Congress of the U.N. sanctions of Rhodesia broadened in 1968 to include all Rhodesian which because of their race, denies them the imports, again the resolution was approved and relevant U.S. legislation involves two chance of integral development." political issues which have serious moral by unanimous vote of the Security Council. The rationale of white supremacy which implications. The first concerns human ECONOMIC SANCTIONS marks the rule of the white authorities in rights, and the second, international order. Eoonomic sanctions are a legal means of The purpose of this statement is to under­ Rhodesia is morally reprehensible since it violates the principle that all men and wom­ bringing pressure on those countries and ter­ score the moral dimensions of these two ritories which the wider community of na­ issues raised by the Rhodesian question and en are equal by reason of their shared hu­ manity and inhererut dignity.6 The Rhodesian tions deem have violated the international to exhort the U.S. government to fulfill its legal order, jeopard1z1ng the common good moral obligations in this situation. The dom­ and ~herefore world peace. Such sanctions inant moral theme that forms the basis of Footnotes at end of article. can adversely affect the domestic economy of 35988 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS November 5, 1973 the sanctioned country or territory, and their issue, then, is the failure of the United States to resolve the crisis with conciliatory actions. consequences can be damaging to the living to meet its international obligations. He has agreed to surrender his tapes; ap­ standard of the people affected. RECOMMENDATION pointed one of his strongest GOP critics, Sen. In Rhodesia, because the society is so We urge the Congress to repeal the Byrd William Saxbe, to be his fourth attorney markedly two-tiered, the white ruling mi­ Amendment and enforce the U.N. sanction general; picked a widely respected lawyer and nority amuent, the black majority with a of all Rhodesian imports, including chrome Democrat, Leon Jaworski, to be the new spe­ "marginal existence," the detrimental ef­ ore. The U.S. violation of these sanctions cial Watergate prosecutor; pledged "complete fect of the sanctions tends to have impact since 1971 has strengthened the position of freedom" to Jaworski and agreed that he will precisely on that sector of society which is the white ruling class in Rhodesia, has not be discharged without approval by a bi­ responsible for provoking the sanctions in caused a serious loss in both the prestige and partisan panel of congressional leaders. the first place: the white ruling class, With credibllity of the United Nations, and has Unfortunately, these actions will not halt a standard of living slmilar to Europeans and damaged the efforts of all member nations to the rumbling anti-Nixon avalanche which very vulnerable to economic sanctions. build a United Nations' structure that may, this administration helped bring down upon is In 1971, the u.s. Congress passed legisla­ as Pope John XXlli earnestly prayed, "be­ itself. The momentum now too great. tion, specifically the Byrd Amendment, which come ever more equal to the magnitude and The White House's assertion that two key had the effect of alloWing importation of Watergate tapes never existed and can't be nobllity to its task." u Rhodesian chrome ore, in violation o! the delivered sinks President Nixon's credibility to U.N. sanction. Each of the Security Councll FOOTNOTES an all-time low. Someone in the White House resolutions on the Rhodesian sanctions 1 Roman Synod, "Justice in the World," is guilty either of unbelievable stupidity or (which the U.S. had supported) explicitly 1971. outright lies. In either case, public confidence stated that failure or refusal by any nation 2 Second Vatican Council, "Church in the in this administration suffers the final shat­ to implement the sanctions, "shall constitute Modern World" (n. 9), 1965. tering blow. a violation of Article 25 of the U.N. Charter," a Pope John XXIII, "Pacem in Terris" (n. Since the missing tapes might prove or which provides that: "The members of the 43) ,1963. disprove whether Mr. Nixon took part in United Nations agree to accept and carry ' Pope Paul VI, "On the Development of the Watergate cover-up, we find it hard to out the decisions of the Security Council in Peoples" (n. 63), 1967. believe that the White House did not know accordance With the present Charter." In a 6 Pope John :xxm, op cit., (n. 44). until recently, as it now claims, that the recent opinion rendered by the International 6 Second Vatican Council, op. cit., (n. 80). tapes never existed. The stakes were too high Court o! Justice regarding Article 25, the 1 Pope John XXIII, op. cit., (nn. 132-135). for the White House to have taken so casual Court stated: "when the Security Council s Ibid., (n. 137). an attitude. Do intelllgent and concerned adopts a decision under Article 25 in accord­ 11 Pope Paul VI, "A Call to Action" (n. 44), persons make assumptions in matters so ance With the Charter, it is !or Member 1971. important without checking the physical States to comply with the decision. . . . To 10 Pope John XXIII, op. cit., (n. 92). evidence? hold otherWise would be to deprive this prin­ u Ibid., (n. 145). Along the tortuous course of the past cipal organ of its essential functions and months, we have criticized the President at powers under the Charter." The U.S. gov­ some points and defended him at others but ernment obligated itself to adhere to this we find small basis for defense in the present international treaty when the Senate initially THE DETROIT NEWS EDITORIAL case. The latest episode of the tapes is but ratified the U.N. charter, and consistent with one more in a series of ambiguous, contradic­ its obligation enacted Federal legislation im­ CALLING FOR PRESIDENT NIXON'S tory and puzzling statements and deeds posing penalties upon American violators of RESIGNATION which have eroded the confidence of people the U.N. sanctions. who once believed in Mr. Nixon. In recognition of its legal obligation to en­ To repeat, this matter of the tapes 18 the force the sanctions, and uphold its own laws HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI final blow to public trust. That final dis­ in this regard, the United States had in­ OJ' MICHIGAN illusionment makes three more years of a dicted and convicted several U.S. firms and Nixon administration too bleak, too danger­ their omcers for violating the sanctions dur­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ous a prospect. ing the period from 1968 to 1971. For the Monday, November 5, 1973 Too many important decisions would re­ Congress then to negate the U.N. sanctions, main in suspense. Issues of domestic policy as it did in 1971, would seem to require an Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, the Detroit would be decided less and less on their merits extremely important and persuasive justifi­ News has been a strong supporter of and more and more by the degree of presi­ cation. National security has been offered by Richard Nixon for a very long time. dential disarray. some as that justification, but the evidence The fact that the News, on Sunday, America's status as a world leader would presented by respected authorities suggests November 4, reluctantly called for Presi­ suffer. An administration which cannot that this reason is less than convincing. maintain confidence at home cannot forever Activities of private corporations during the dent Nixon's resignation, understandably sent shock waves throughout the Nation. enjoy unshaken confidence abroad. President U.S. legislative deliberations in 1971 suggest Nixon was able to avert a possible Soviet­ that Pope Paul's recent expression of concern Knowing of the widespread interest in American confrontation in the Middle East about the possibility o! a "new and abusive this editorial, I thought it would be well last month. But if public confidence and bi­ form of economic domination" was war­ to place the entire text in the REcoRD. partisan support continue to dissipate, ranted." Private business interests in expand­ The editorial follows: would he be able to exert the same influence ing their markets and increasing their profits NIXON SHOULD 00: ENOUGH Is ENOUGH in a foreign crisis six months hence? seem to be taking precedence over more We would prefer to see the nation avoid fundamental concerns such as human rights After Rep. Gerald Ford has been confirmed as vice-president, President Richard Nixon the stress and turmoil of impeachment. That and international law. stress and turmoil could be avoided, of It was on the very issue of enforcement of should resign. If he does not resign, serious consideration course, if Mr. Nixon would, after Ford's con­ sanctions that the League of Nations faltered, firmation, step down and let the new Vice­ since the determination for enforcement of should be given to his impeachment. approved sanctions was left to each mem­ We come to these conclusions with deep president succeed to the presidency. Ford ber nation. In drafting the U.N. Charter, ef­ regret. This newspaper has been one of Mr. may not be the glamor boy of American poll­ forts were made to strengthen the delicate Nixon's strongest supporters. Watergate aside, tics but he is a competent man whom people network of relationships between sovereign we still agree with many of his basic policies trust, a man who could bring unity to a nations so as to develop greater justice in and we believe that many of his successes divided nation. international affairs. Pope John XXIII re­ wlll be recognized by historians of the U.S. We hope Mr. Nixon will see this suggestion called St. Augustine's observation about the presidency. as a wise one for himself and as a necessary However, unless the present crisis of au­ dire results of the absence of justice in inter­ one for the national welfare. I! he does not national relationships: "What are kingdoms thority is resolved-through the installation of a new president or the acquittal of see it that way, the next step in the unfolding without justice but bands of robbers?" ~o The tragedy of Richard Nixon may be impeach­ lack of support by the United States for the Mr. Nixon in impeachment proceedings­ U.N. sanctions therefore challenges not only the country must endure 38 more months of ment. Distressing as that procedure might some of the basic articles o! the U.N. Char­ the doubts, charges and recriminations which be, it would be less distressing than three ter but ultimately the viabllity of the United have destroyed the President's ab111ty to lead. more years of political vendetta. Nations itself. The crucial moral and legal True, Mr. Nixon has tried in recent days Enough is enough.