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HEM Paratachardina Pseudolobata Datasheet V2 13062014

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HEM Paratachardina Pseudolobata Datasheet V2 13062014 Lobate lac scale Paratachardina pseudolobata Fig. 1 Lobate lac scales in Grand Bahama © C. Malumphy A lac insect (Hemiptera: Kerriidae), originally identified as Paratachardina lobata , was first recorded in Florida (USA) in 1999. It subsequently became a serious pest, in part due to its polyphagy, feeding on more than 300 species of mostly woody plants assigned to 69 families. Kondo & Gullan (2007) published a comprehensive review of the genus Paratachardina in which they determined on the basis of morphological and molecular data that the lac insect scale occurring in Florida (and the Bahamas and Christmas Island) was a new species, which they named P. pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan. This pest is commonly known as the ‘lobate lac scale’. Within the United Kingdom Overseas Territories P. pseudolobata has only been recorded from the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI). It was first collected in TCI in 2012 by Bryan “Naqqi” Manco. Geographical distribution Paratachardina pseudolobata is likely to be native to Asia (since all of the other eight described species of Paratachardina are reported from Asia), and has been introduced to the Indian Ocean, North America, and the Caribbean. North America : USA (Florida, since 1999). Caribbean : Bahamas (since 1992), Cayman Islands (New record), Cuba (since 2005), Puerto Rico (since 2010), and Turks and Caicos Islands (New record). It is likely to be more widespread in the Caribbean than currently reported. Australasian : Christmas Island (since 2002). 1 Host plants Paratachardina pseudolobata is polyphagous, feeding mostly on woody dicotyledonous plants. It shows a preference for plants assigned to the families’ Fabaceae, Myrtaceae and Moraceae. The host range of P. pseudolobata was studied in detail by Howard et al . (2006). Acanthaceae : Graptophyllum pictum , Justicia brandegeana , Pachystachys lutea , Ruellia brittoniana . Aceraceae : Acer rubrum . Anacardiaceae : Mangifera indica , Metopium toxiferum , Pseudospondias microcarpa , Rhus copallinum , Schinus malle , S. terebinthifolius , Spondias mombin , Toxicodendron radicans . Annonaceae : Annona cherimola, A. glabra , A. muricata , A. reticulata , A. squamosa , Cananga odorata . Apocynaceae : Trachelospermum jasminoides . Aquifoliaceae : Ilex cassine , I. vomitoria . Araceae : Phoenix roebelenii . Araliaceae : Schefflera elegantissima , S. getinophylla . Arecaceae : Chrysobalanus icaco . Asteraceae : Ambrosia artemisifolia , Baccharis halimifolia , Bidens alba , Flaveria linearis , Montanoa grandiflora , Pluchea carolinensis , Tridax procumbens , Verbesina virginica . Begoniaceae : Begonia . Bignoniaceae : Amphitecna latiforia , Dolichandrone spathacea , Tecoma capensis , T. stans . Burseraceae : Bursera simaruba . Cannabaceae : Celtis timorensis . Capparaceae : Capparis cynophallophora . Caprifoliaceae : Viburnum sp. Casuarinaceae : Casuarina cunninghamiana , C. equisetifolia . Celtidaceae : Celtis laevigata , Trema micrantha . Chrysobalanaceae : Licania tomentosa . Clusiaceae : Calophyllum brasiliense , C. calaba , C. inophyllum , Clusia lanceolata , C. rosea , Garcinia mestonii , G. prainiana , Mesua ferrea , Rheedia acuminata , R. aristata , R. edulis , R. marcophylla . Combretaceae : Bucida bucceras , B. spinosa , Combretum acuminatum , C. obovatum , Conocarpus erectus , Eombretum aubletii , Laguncularia racemosa , L. racemosa , Terminalia catappa , T. muelleri . Cupressaceae : Juniperus virginiana . Ebenaceae : Diospyros digyna , D. mespilliformis . Elaeocarpaceae : Elacocarpus decipiens . Erythroxylaceae : Erythoxylu, reticulatum . Euphorbiaceae : Acalypha godseffiana , A. hispida , A. wilkesiana , Antidesma bunius , A. dallachyanum , A. platyphyllum , Bischofia javanica , Bridelia monoica , Chamaesyce hyrta , Codiaeum variegatum , Euphorbia leucocephala , Fluggea acidoton , Jatropha integerrima , Mallotus philippinensis , Sauropus androgynus . Fabaceae : Acacia auriculiformis , A. choriophylla , A. farnesiana , Albizia lebbek , Amorpha herbacea , Archidendron lucyi , Bouhinia , Brya ebenus , Butea monosperma , Caesalphinia violacea , C. pulcherima , Calliandra surinamensis , Cassia pendula , Dalbergia ecastaphylum , D. sissoo , Dalea carthegenensis , Gigasiphon macrosiphon , Inga affinis , I. edulis , Leucaena leucocephala , Lonchocarpus , Lysiloma latisiliqua , L. sabieu , Parmentiera aculeata , Peltophorum pterocarpum , Pithecellobium flexicaule , P. keyense , Pongamia pinnata , Pseudosamanea cubana , Samanea saman , Wallaceodendron celebicum . Fagaceae : Quercus geminata , Q. hemisphaerica , Q. incana , Q. laurifolia , Q. virginiana . Flacourtiaceae : Banara vanderbiltii , Casearia arguta , Dovyalis herbecarpa . 2 Guttiferae : Garcinia intermedia . Lamiaceae : Leonotis leonurus , L. nepetifolia , Ocimum , Rosmarinus officinalis , Salvia coccinea , Solanstemon scutellarioides . Lauraceae : Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Laurus noblis , Licaria triandra , Ooteca coriacea , Persea americana , P. borbonia , P. palustris . Lecythidaceae : Lecythis minor . Lythraceae : Ginoria glabra , G. nudiflora , Lagerstroemia indica , L. speciosa , Lawsonia inermis . Magnoliaceae : Magnolia champaca , M. virginiana , Michelia . Malvaceae : Abutilon , Durio testudinarium , Heritiera littoralis , Hibiscus rosa-sinensis , H. schizopetala , Hibiscustiliaccus , Malvaviscus penduliflorus , Pavonia bahamensis , P. paludicola , Ruizia cordata , Trichospermum mexicanum , Urena lobata . Melastomataceae : Tetrazygia bicolor , T. bicolor . Meliaceae : Aglia odorata , Lansium domesticum . Moraceae : Artocarpus heterophyllus , Brosimum allcastrum , Ficus aspera , F. aurea , F. benjamin , F. capensis , F. citrifolia , F. deltoidea , F. elastica , F. microcarpa , F. natalensis , F. nota , F. pertusa , F. pumila , F. racemosa , F. rubiginosa , F. rumphii , F. salicifolia , F. subcordata , F. virens , Morus . Myricaceae : Merciaria vexator , Myrica cerifera , M. cerifera , Pimenta dioica . Myrsinaceae : Ardisia escallonioidea , A. hirtella , A. revoluta , A. sieboldii , Ropanea punctata . Myrtaceae : Callistemon viminale , Calyptranthes pallens , C. thomasiana , C. zuzygium , Eucalyptus gella , Eugania axillaris , E. aggregata , E. brasiliensis , E. confusa , E. confusa , E. foetida , E. luschnathiana , E. uniflora , Marliera edulis , Melaleuca bracteata , M. decora , M. quinquenervia , M. vinifera , Mosiera longipes , Myrcianthes fragrans , M. cauliflora , Pimenta racemosa , Psidium androsianum , P. guajava , P. littorale , Syzygium cumini , S. cuminii , S. grande , S. jambos , S. malaccense , S. paniculatum , S. samarangense . Nyctaginaceae : Bougainvilea , Osmanthus fragans . Oleaceae : Jasminum gracillimum . Onagraceae : Ludwigia peruvian. Orchidaceae : Dendrobium aphyllum . Oxalidaceae : Averrhoa bilimbi , A. carambola . Piperaceae : Piper . Poaceae : Bambusa vulgaris , Phyllostachys nigra . Polygalaceae : Polygala cowellii . Polygonaceae : Antipogon leptopus , Coccoloba uvifera , Triplaris cumingiana . Proteaceae : Macadamia integrifolia , M. tetraphylla . Rhamnaceae : Krugiodendron ferreum , Ziziphus mauritiana . Rhizophoraceae : Rhizophora mangle . Rosaceae : Eriobotrya japonica , Malus sylvestris , Pyrus , Rosa . Rubiaceae : Euthalis fruticosa , Gardenia jasminoides , G. thunbergia , Hamelia cuprea , H. patens , Ixora coccinea, Ixora sp., Mussaenda erythrophylla , Pentas lanceolata , Psychotria ligustifolia , Psychotria nervosa , P. nervosa , P. punctata , P. sulzneri , P. viridis , Rondeleria leucophylla , Rondia aculeata , Spermacoce verticillat. Rutaceae : Amyris balsamifera , A. elemifera , Citrus , Citrus paradisi , C. sinensis , Clausena lansium , Evodia ridleyi , Fortunella japonica , Murraya paniculata , Zanthoxylum fagara . Salicaceae : Salix caroliniana. Sapindaceae : Alectryon coriaceus , Allophylus cominia , Blighia sapida , Cupaniopsis anacardioides , Dimocarpus longan , Dodonaea viscosa , Exothea paninculata , Filicium decipiens , Harpullia arborea , Hypelate trifoliata , Koelreuteria elegans , Litchi sinensis , Melicocca bijuga , Talisia olivaeformis . 3 Sapotaceae : Bumelia celastrina , Calvaria inermis , Chrysophyllum cainito , C. oliviforme , Manilkara jaimiqui , M. kauki , M. plecana , M. roxburghiana , M. zapota , Mimusops balata , M. caffra , M. elengi , Pouteria caimito , Sideroxylon americanum , S. foetidissimum , S. salicifolium , Synsepalum dulcificum . Solanaceae : Brunfelsia lactea , B. nitida , B. nitida , Cestrum diurnum , C. nocturnum , Solanum diphyllum , S. tampicense , S. torvum . Sterculiaceae : Pterospermum acerifolium , Sterculia ceramica . Taxodiaceae : Taxodium distichum . Theophrastaceae : Jacquinia aurantiaca , Jaquinia armillaris . Tiliaceae : Grewia occidentalis , Trumfetta semitriloba . Urticaceae : Pouzolzia zeylanica . Verbenaceae : Avicennia germinans , Callicarpa americana , Citharexylum spinonum , Duranta erecta , Petrea volubilis . Vitaceae : Parthenocissus quinquefolia , Vitis rotundifolia . Zygophyllaceae : Guaiacum officinale , G. sanctum . Description The lac test (scale cover) is purplish red to dark reddish brown, but often appears brown or black due to a covering of sooty mould (Figs 1-3). The scales smother infested twigs and branches of the host. The test has four marginal rounded lobes; the anterior lobes are smaller than the posterior lobes (Fig. 4). The first-instar test is incorporated into the adult test on mid-dorsum, with a circular opening on an elevated area just posterior to first-instar test for the excretion of honeydew (Fig. 4). The adult female test is 1.2–2.0 mm long, 0.7-2.0 mm wide,
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