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Central (CNS) - The Most Familiar CNS Hydrate “Mickey Finn”

The first non-alcohol CNS depressant

Derived from alcohol (1832) Major Types of Non-alcohol CNS Depressants

 Non-Barbiturates  Anti- Tranquilizers  Anti-Depressants  Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers  Combinations Barbiturates

 More than 250 different types  50 accepted for medical use

 Derivatives of Barbituric Acid

 First produced in 1864

 Typically end in “al” Types of Barbiturates Non-Barbiturates

 Synthetic compounds

 Avoids some of undesirable side effects  Sleepiness & Drowsiness

 Primary medical use for

 Still produce physical and psychological dependence Types of Non-Barbiturates

DRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMES Soma Felsule, Noctec Knock Out Drops, Mickey Finn , Sominex Hydrochloride Diphenhylhydantoin Dilantin Sodium Lunesta Gamma Hydroxybutyrate GHB, Liquid X Noludar Parest, Quaalude, Ludes Sopor, Optimil, Mandrax

Paraldehyde Paral Ambien Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers

 First produced in 1950

 Known as “Minor” tranquilizers

 Typically end in “am” Types of Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers

DRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMES Xanax Bars, Zanny Bars Librium Klonopin Valium Prosom Rohypnol Roofies, Roches Dalmane Ativan Meprobomate Miltown Serax Restoril Halcion Anti-Anxiety Depressants

 Psychological is “anti”

 “Mood elevators”

 May cause CNS effects Types of Anti-Depressants

DRUG BRAND NAMES Hydrochloride Elavil, Endep Wellbutrin Celexa Hydrochloride Norpramin, Pertofrane Hydrochloride Adapin, Sinequan Duloxetine Cymbalta Lexapro Prozac, Sarafem Luvox Tofranil Paxil Phenelzine Sulfate Nardil Zoloft Effexor Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers

 Produced in early 1950s

 Known as “Major” tranquilizers

 Manage and other mental disorders Types of Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers

DRUG BRAND NAMES Thorazine Inapsine, Innovar Haldol Carbonate Lithane Lithium Citrate Combinations

 Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and Anti-Depressant Amitriptyline (Elavil)  Trade name: “Limbitrol”  Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride and Anti-Spasmodic Clidinium  Trade name: “Librax”  Anti-Psychotic and Anti- Depressant Amitriptyline Hydrochloride  Trade name: “Triavil” & “Etrafon” Methods of

OrallyInsufflation Injection

 Paraphernalia similar to users  Larger “gauge” needle used due to being thicker than Heroin . Smaller the number, the larger the needle

 Injection sites different from Heroin users  Large swelling (quarter or fifty cent piece)  Lack of track marks  Will inject in other parts other than forearms Necrosis

Arm Necrosis

Legs Necrosis

Hands General Indicators

Reduced inhibitions Lack of coordination Divided attention  Slurred, mumbled or impairment incoherent speech Slowed reflexes Emotional instability Drowsiness Impaired judgment and concentration Drunk-like behavior Impaired vision Droopy eyes Onset and Duration

Type Onset Duration

Ultra Short Seconds Very Rapid

Short 10 to 15 min 4 Hours

Intermediate 30 Minutes 6 to 8 Hours

Long One Hour 8 to 14 Hours Duration of Effects

 Dosage

 Age

 Weight

 Tolerance Level Overdose Signs

 Extremely drowsy (may pass out)

 Pulse rapid and weak

 Respiration will become shallow

 Skin cold and clammy Drug Matrix Chart

HGN Present VGN Present (High ) LACK OF CONVERGENCE Present PUPIL SIZE Normal * REACTION TO LIGHT Slow PULSE RATE Down ** PRESSURE Down BODY TEMPERATURE Normal MUSCLE TONE Flaccid

* Soma, Quaaludes and possibly some anti-depressants usually dilate pupils

** Quaaludes, ETOH and possibly some anti-depressants may elevate