Central Nervous System (CNS) Depressants Alcohol - The Most Familiar CNS Depressant Chloral Hydrate “Mickey Finn”
The first non-alcohol CNS depressant
Derived from alcohol (1832) Major Types of Non-alcohol CNS Depressants
Barbiturates Non-Barbiturates Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers Anti-Depressants Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers Combinations Barbiturates
More than 250 different types 50 accepted for medical use
Derivatives of Barbituric Acid
First produced in 1864
Typically end in “al” Types of Barbiturates Non-Barbiturates
Synthetic compounds
Avoids some of undesirable side effects Sleepiness & Drowsiness
Primary medical use for insomnia
Still produce physical and psychological dependence Types of Non-Barbiturates
DRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMES Carisoprodol Soma Chloral hydrate Felsule, Noctec Knock Out Drops, Mickey Finn Diphenhydramine Benadryl, Sominex Hydrochloride Diphenhylhydantoin Dilantin Sodium Eszopiclone Lunesta Gamma Hydroxybutyrate GHB, Liquid X Methyprylon Noludar Methaqualone Parest, Quaalude, Ludes Sopor, Optimil, Mandrax
Paraldehyde Paral Zolpidem Ambien Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
First produced in 1950
Known as “Minor” tranquilizers
Typically end in “am” Types of Anti-Anxiety Tranquilizers
DRUG BRAND NAMES STREET NAMES Alprazolam Xanax Bars, Zanny Bars Chlordiazepoxide Librium Clonazepam Klonopin Diazepam Valium Estazolam Prosom Flunitrazepam Rohypnol Roofies, Roches Flurazepam Dalmane Lorazepam Ativan Meprobomate Miltown Oxazepam Serax Temazepam Restoril Triazolam Halcion Anti-Anxiety Depressants
Psychological depression is “anti”
“Mood elevators”
May cause CNS Stimulant effects Types of Anti-Depressants
DRUG BRAND NAMES Amitriptyline Hydrochloride Elavil, Endep Bupropion Wellbutrin Citalopram Celexa Desipramine Hydrochloride Norpramin, Pertofrane Doxepin Hydrochloride Adapin, Sinequan Duloxetine Cymbalta Escitalopram Lexapro Fluoxetine Prozac, Sarafem Fluvoxamine Luvox Imipramine Tofranil Paroxetine Paxil Phenelzine Sulfate Nardil Sertraline Zoloft Venlafaxine Effexor Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
Produced in early 1950s
Known as “Major” tranquilizers
Manage schizophrenia and other mental disorders Types of Anti-Psychotic Tranquilizers
DRUG BRAND NAMES Chlorpromazine Thorazine Droperidol Inapsine, Innovar Haloperidol Haldol Lithium Carbonate Lithane Lithium Citrate Combinations
Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide (Librium) and Anti-Depressant Amitriptyline (Elavil) Trade name: “Limbitrol” Anti-Anxiety Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride and Anti-Spasmodic Clidinium Bromide Trade name: “Librax” Anti-Psychotic Perphenazine and Anti- Depressant Amitriptyline Hydrochloride Trade name: “Triavil” & “Etrafon” Methods of Ingestion
OrallyInsufflation Injection Injection
Paraphernalia similar to Heroin users Larger “gauge” needle used due to Barbiturate solution being thicker than Heroin . Smaller the number, the larger the needle
Injection sites different from Heroin users Large swelling (quarter or fifty cent piece) Lack of track marks Will inject in other parts other than forearms Necrosis
Arm Necrosis
Legs Necrosis
Hands General Indicators
Reduced inhibitions Lack of coordination Divided attention Slurred, mumbled or impairment incoherent speech Slowed reflexes Emotional instability Drowsiness Impaired judgment and concentration Drunk-like behavior Impaired vision Droopy eyes Onset and Duration
Type Onset Duration
Ultra Short Seconds Very Rapid
Short 10 to 15 min 4 Hours
Intermediate 30 Minutes 6 to 8 Hours
Long One Hour 8 to 14 Hours Duration of Effects
Dosage
Age
Weight
Tolerance Level Overdose Signs
Extremely drowsy (may pass out)
Pulse rapid and weak
Respiration will become shallow
Skin cold and clammy Drug Matrix Chart
HGN Present VGN Present (High Dose) LACK OF CONVERGENCE Present PUPIL SIZE Normal * REACTION TO LIGHT Slow PULSE RATE Down ** BLOOD PRESSURE Down BODY TEMPERATURE Normal MUSCLE TONE Flaccid
* Soma, Quaaludes and possibly some anti-depressants usually dilate pupils
** Quaaludes, ETOH and possibly some anti-depressants may elevate