Cornell University—Ithaca Building Energy Report Fiscal Year 2018

Prepared by: Energy & Sustainability Department Humphreys Service Building Ithaca, NY 14850

January 2019 Cornell University Building Energy Report FY 2018 ______

Table of Contents Executive Summary: ...... 1 Building Metering: ...... 3 Campus Space Snapshot: ...... 4 Steam Consumption ...... 5 Electric Consumption ...... 6 Chilled Water Consumption ...... 7 Building Energy Use Intensity ...... 8

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Cornell University Building Energy Report FY 2018 ______

Actual Energy consumption Executive Summary: close to budget

Fiscal year 2018 building energy consumption for central energy plant provided commodities (i.e. TOTAL BLDG ENERGY MMBTU electric, steam and chilled water) was <1% above budget. Total building energy consumption was 2,056 2,074 2,068 2,068,000 mmBTU versus the budgeted value of 2,000 2,056,000 mmBTU. Actuals are <1% below the Thousands weather corrected budget. Notable factors impacting energy consumption are the following:

1) Biotech Steam Consumption: 1,000 Biotech experienced issues with steam equipment resulting in usage well over budget for multiple months. Impact is approximately 10,000mmBtu. Fixes were made in FY18. ‐ ______BUDGET BUDGET ACTUAL (Weather 2) Actual weather aligning with Forecast: Corrected) Actual heating degree days or HDD (an engineering heating metric) were 4% above budget. Actuals were 6,916 heating degree days Colder April than budget versus a budget of 6,636. A difference of 281; however, much of the delta is the result of a colder April and does not impact steam use as much as a Heating Degree Days very cold February. 8,000 7,394 7,495 6,916 Enthalpy (a metric that considers temperature and 7,000 6,636 relative humidity) was 1% below forecast. 6,184 6,322 ______6,000

5,000 3) Keeping It Flat: Campus wide efforts from Cornell’s continuous 4,000 commissioning team help to maintain good building energy performance. 3,000 ______2,000

4) Wilson Lab: 1,000 Wilson Lab usage was 24.1 million kwh, 12% total campus usage. Budgeted usage was 25.9 million ‐ kwh. Decrease due to longer summer shutdown Budget FY14 FY15 FY16 FY17 FY18 for facility maintenance. FY18

______FY18 Building Energy Report Page 1 Cornell University Building Energy Report FY 2018 ______

Energy Use Intensity:

Energy Use Intensity (kBTU per GSF) for each commodity is below the respective weather corrected projected values. The results demonstrates that efforts to reduce building energy consumption across campus through energy conservation and proper maintenance are effective. Please note (1) cooling energy is the actual energy of the cooling versus the electric energy input to produce the cooling and (2) GSF for each commodity is different. ______

ALL COMMODITIES (ELECTRIC, STEAM, CHILLED WATER) GSF: 14.1 million GSF FY18 CEP ‐ ITHACA CAMPUS KBTU/GSF ACTUAL_EUI 147

Budget (Weather Corrected) EUI 148

0 255075100125150

ELECTRIC GSF: 14.1 million GSF FY18 CEP ‐ Ithaca Campus Electric (kBtu/GSF) Actual_EUI 49.2

Budget (Weather Corrected) EUI 50.5

0 102030405060

STEAM GSF: 12.8 million GSF FY18 CEP ‐ Ithaca Campus Steam (kBtu/GSF) Actual_EUI 67.9

Budget (Weather Corrected) EUI 68.2

0 10203040506070

CHILLED WATER GSF: 10.8 million GSF FY18 CEP ‐ Ithaca Campus Chilled Water (kBtu/GSF) Actual_EUI 47.0

Budget (Weather Corrected) EUI 45.5

0 1020304050

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Building Metering:

The Cornell Central Energy Plant provides campus heating (steam), electric and cooling (chilled water) to Ithaca campus facilities. These facilities are metered Meter data is available to allow for the recovery of the costs of production, online at procurement, and maintenance from University https://buildingdashboard departments and administrative units based on usage for each utility. The meters are “Revenue” grade .com/clients/cornell/ versus “HVAC” grade. A brief introduction of the metering system for each commodity follows:

Electric meters: Over 200 facility codes are metered. In addition, there are numerous sub‐meters, especially for newer buildings to allow for enhanced usage visibility (i.e. plug load versus lighting). The To meet financial Electric metering system has a circuit report. Circuits reporting deadlines the are verified from the building level up through hierarchical circuits to the main production billing month for meters. Meters can be verified either from a parallel consumption data is not data logger installed on the service or a revenue grade replacement meter is installed in its place the same as the calendar month Steam meters: Over 150 facilities are metered. The condensate is actually metered because of the difficulty in reliable steam metering. This Steam/Condensate Metering System is verified monthly by a sales to production report. Anomalies are flagged. Suspect units are checked vs their consumption history. Metering units are The number of billing days standardized to two manufacturers to facilitate in the billing month does competition, as well as, to keep simple enough for vary from FY to FY and document record keeping. needs to be considered Chilled Water meters: Over 100 facilities are metered when comparing monthly for chilled water. Chilled Water Metering is verified based by use of a sales to production values report. Anomalies are flagged. Suspect units are checked versus their consumption history. Meters are also checked by a download of meter information to an excel spreadsheet for an initial check for suspect data.

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Campus Space Snapshot:

The amount of space associated with each commodity differs significantly. This is important when performing Since 2008, Cornell has energy use intensity (EUI) analysis which focuses on energy (kBTU) per gross square foot (GSF). The space hierarchy is added over 1 million GSF of Electric GSF > Steam GSF > District Cooling GSF. For FY 2018 new conditioned space, the GSF associated with each commodity is as follows: most lab & research type Commodity GSF connected buildings (approx.) Electric 14,100,000 Steam 12,800,000 District Cooling (i.e. Lake Source Cooling) 10,800,000 GSF History 14.5 14.1 We categorize the campus space with each facility assigned 13.914.0 14 13.913.913.9 a College/Unit. Campus Life (i.e. dorms/campus housing) is 13.513.6 the largest category with 19% of the total GSF. The College Millions 13.5 13.3 13.013.0 of Information Science (i.e. Gates Hall) is the smallest at < 13 1%. The only major building addition for FY18 is the Cornell 12.5 Health facility. 12

11.5 % of College/Unit GSF (1,000s) Total 11 CAMPUS LIFE 2,700 19% 10.5 CALS 2,270 16% 10 ARTS SCIENCES 1,990 14% ADMIN SUPPORT 1,300 9%

ENGINEERING 1,190 8% GSF_2008 GSF_2009 GSF_2010 GSF_2011 GSF_2012 GSF_2013 GSF_2014 GSF_2015 GSF_2016 GSF_2017 GSF_2018

VET SCHOOL 950 7% ATHLETICS PHYSED 680 5% PROVOST SPECIAL 540 4% LIBRARIES 530 4% HUMAN ECOLOGY 440 3% HOTEL ADMIN 350 2% ILR 280 2% ARCH ART PLAN 230 2% LAW SCHOOL 230 2% JOHNSON MBA 150 1% BTI 120 1% INFORMATION SCIENCE 110 1% TOTAL GSF 14,060 100%

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Steam Consumption: FY 2018 steam sales align

FY 2018 steam consumption was approximately with weather adjusted 846,000klbs (871,000 mmBTU). Actuals were 10% budget. below the budgeted value of 840,000 klbs, and below the weather adjusted budget value of 849,000 klbs. The steam budget was based on 6,636 HDD; however, Building steam usage is the actual HDD were 6,916 (4% more heating degree trending downward days). despite campus growth Steam usage has decreased over the last 20‐years Steam Sales (mmlbs) despite significant campus growth and renovation. Without conservation, steam usage would be 25% ‐ 1,100 1,090 1,081 1,049 1,030 1,017 1,012 1,008

30% higher. 1,005 990 985 983 982 1,000 974 946 Ten facilities/complex consume 29% of campus steam. 944

These facilities are primarily large research/lab 882 900 buildings that have significant outdoor air 846 810 requirements or special heating requirements (i.e. 808 greenhouses). 800

Facility Actual klbs % of Cumulative 700 Total % 1164 Vet Medical Center 45,716 5.4% 5.4% 600 1018 Biotechnology 33,005 3.9% 9.3% 2000 Duffield Hall 31,664 3.7% 13.1% 500 1014 Weill Hall 23,078 2.7% 15.8% 1028B 22,880 2.7% 18.5%

2087 Uris Hall 19,805 2.3% 20.8% FY_2000 FY_2002 FY_2004 FY_2006 FY_2008 FY_2010 FY_2012 FY_2014 FY_2016 FY_2018

2019 Baker Laboratory 17,087 2.0% 22.8% 1068B Guterman 16,424 1.9% 24.8% Bioclimatic Lab STEAM USAGE 2083 Olin Chemistry 15,938 1.9% 26.7% Research Wing 1150C Schurman Hall 15,849 1.9% 28.5% Top 10 Top 10 Totals 241,445 Facilities

Campus Totals 845,760 29%

Rest of Campus 71%

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Electric Consumption: FY18 Electric Sales are the

Electric consumption for FY 2018 was 202.4 million kwh; lowest in the last 20 years; approximately 0.3 million kwh higher than the budgeted despite campus growth of value of 202.1 million kwh. over 2 million GSF

Ten facilities (see table below) are responsible for 36% of the campus electric sales despite being just 16% of Total Campus Sales (kwh) the space. These ten facilities have a large research/lab focus. 237 234 233 232

240 231 231 227

226 223 223 222 222 Millions 216 213 % of Cumulative 220 213

Facility Actual kwh total % 208 2085 Wilson Synch 24,132,165 12% 12% 202 200 1164 Vet Medical 8,610,400 4% 16% Center 2000 Duffield Hall 7,512,800 4% 20% 180 2051 Frank H T Rhodes 6,505,600 3% 23% Hall 160 1014 Weill Hall 6,317,200 3% 26% 1018 Biotechnology 4,772,640 2% 29% 140 2082 Clark Hall 4,095,500 2% 31% 1076 Boyce Thompson 3,997,500 2% 33% 120 Institute 2076 Physical Sciences 3,985,800 2% 35% 100 Building 1041 Stocking Hall 3,942,400 2% 36%

Top Ten Totals 73,872,005 FY_2002 FY_2004 FY_2006 FY_2008 FY_2010 FY_2012 FY_2014 FY_2016 FY_2018

Campus Totals 202,448,450 Ten facilities use 36% of electricity

Top 10 Facilities 38%

Rest of Campus 62%

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Chilled Water Consumption: Since 2000, GSF associated

Chilled Water consumption for FY 2018 was 42.2 with chilled water has grown million ton‐hrs; 1.4 million ton‐hrs higher than the 37%, over 2.3 million GSF of weather adjusted budgeted value of 40.8 million ton‐ new/renovated conditioned hrs. Much of the increase is associated with higher space. than anticipated usage by the Central Energy Plant.

Ten academic facilities use 38% of the campus chilled Chilled Water Sales (ton‐hr) water. The facilities are major lab/research facilities 50 49 48 with significant airflow requirements. 47 45 45 44 The Central Energy Plant uses the most cooling, 4.1 Millions 45 43 42 42 million ton‐hrs. The CEP uses chilled water for air inlet 41 40 41 40 40 cooling and equipment cooling. 40 39 38 36 % of Cumulative 35 Facility Actuals total % 35 2000 Duffield Hall 2,209,290 5% 5% 2085 Wilson Synch 2,151,099 5% 10% 30 29 1164 Vet Medical 2,078,802 5% 15% Center 25 2051 Frank H T 1,827,845 4% 20% Rhodes Hall 1014 Weill Hall 1,813,769 4% 24% 20 1018 Biotechnology 1,353,287 3% 27% 2082 Clark Hall 1,327,574 3% 30% FY_2000 FY_2002 FY_2004 FY_2006 FY_2008 FY_2010 FY_2012 FY_2014 FY_2016 FY_2018 2076 Physical 1,121,745 3% 33% Sciences Building Ten facilities use 38% of the 2087 Uris Hall 1,074,420 3% 35% 1041A Stocking Hall 922,657 2% 38% chilled water for FY16 Addition Top Ten Totals 15,880,488

Campus Totals 42,149,572

The 15+ year trend in chilled water sales reflects the Top 10 growth of “conditioned” buildings. The GSF of Facilities 38% “conditioned” space has increased over 35% due to new growth and renovations. Usage by the Central Rest of Energy Plant increased dramatically with the start‐up Campus of combined heat & power in FY2010. Growth in 62% summer programs/camps have increased building summer occupancy.

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Building Energy Use Intensity

Building Energy Use Intensity (EUI) is provided for each commodity (chilled water, electric and steam) along with natural gas usage at the building (if data readily available from ebs). The EUI is based on the largest connected GSF. The highest EUIs are associated with intensive lab/research spaces.

The list below only include facilities with at least two commodities provided by the central energy plant. This typically includes electric and steam.

The campus average EUI is 155 kBtu/GSF, 35 for chilled water, 49 for electric, 62 for steam and 9 for natural gas used at the buildings based on 14.1 million GSF.

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EUI > 250 kBtu/GSF: These facilities are lab/research and greenhouses. Duffield Hall is the highest at 565, followed by East Campus Research Facility. ECRF uses a large quantity of natural gas for hot water cage washing. Note: for this analysis we have excluded two unique facilities, (1) Wilson Lab and (2) Vet Waste Management Facility.

EUI (kBtu/GSF)

2000 Duffield Hall 177 171 217 565

1165 East Campus Research Facility 90 89 251 109 539

1018 Biotechnology 93 94 0 195 382

1164 Vet Medical Center 73 88 51 137 348

2070 Bard Hall 109 70 161 339

1014 Weill Hall 78 77 52 85 292

2083 Olin Chemistry Research Wing 71 62 ‐ 155 289

1076 85 117 81 283

2821 Plant Production Greenhouse 61 205 267

2101 Environmental Health & Safety 53 212 265

1028B Bradfield Hall + 1028E Emerson Hall 67 61 0 132 259

1068 Guterman Complex 112 8 136 256

1166 Animal Health Diagnostic Cntr 77 92 83 252

‐ 100 200 300 400 500 600

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Z_All

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EUI: 175 to 250 kBtu/GSF The majority of these facilities have a significant lab/research component, or other unique high energy component (such as laundry for Statler Hotel).

EUI (kBtu/GSF)

1019 Biological Science Complex 65 96 89 250

2029 Newman, Floyd D. Laboratory 86 104 58 247

2051 Frank H T Rhodes Hall 102 104 37 243

2037K Kimball Hall 53 73 107 234

2087 Uris Hall 72 45 ‐ 114 231

2024 Olin Hall 57 64 0 100 222

2084 Space Sciences Building ‐ Crsr 34 53 127 214

1140 Vet Research Tower 45 75 0 91 211 1084A Ruminant Nutrition Lab + 1084B Lrg Animal Res. 23 53 134 210 Teaching Unit

2076 Physical Sciences Building 66 67 0 73 205

2086 Johnson Museum Of Art 64 29 0 103 196

1042A_W Wing Hall and Wing 46 56 0 93 196

2638 Friedman Wrestling Center 30 28 132 190

3007 Anna Comstock House 13 176 188

2033A Statler Hotel 39 51 98 188

1162B Large Animal Isolation 121 67 187

1041_1041A_Stocking Hall Food Science Complex 57 69 0 60 186

2082 Clark Hall 66 57 0 62 185

3204 Robert J & Helen Appel Commons 45 67 65 177

‐ 50 100 150 200 250

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Z_All

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EUI: 125 to 175 kBtu/GSF

EUI (kBtu/GSF)

1048 Equine Metabolism Unit 63 102 165

1081 Comstock Hall‐Academic II 38 62 62 162

2008 Lincoln Hall 62 30 69 160

1022 Plant Science Building 31 42 0 85 159

1011 Human Ecology Building 44 51 62 157

1150ABCDEF Schurman Hall + Others 36 36 84 155

2039H Phillips Hall 48 38 68 153

1062 Riley‐Robb Hall 19 36 87 143

1064 Morrison Hall 9 36 0 97 143

2019 Baker Laboratory 32 35 75 142

2613 10 51 81 142

2602B Schoellkopf Memorial 35 41 61 137

2015 Foundry 25 110 135

2060 Machine Laboratory, Dryden Rd 23 112 135

2044 Gates Hall 54 61 15 130

2007 Olive Tjaden Hall 27 102 129

3031 Alice H. Cook House 19 30 23 57 128

‐ 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Z_All

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EUI: 100 to 125 kBtu/GSF EUI (kBtu/GSF)

2032 Savage Hall 36 34 0 52 122

2049 Snee Hall Geological Science 31 44 47 122

6127 Acad Surge A 44 78 122

3030_ABCDEFGHJ North Campus Townhouse Complex 8 26 18 66 119

3004N_S_T Baker Complex 15 99 114

2040 Big Red Barn 42 71 113

3032 Carl Becker House 17 27 16 53 113

3035 Flora Rose House 18 35 20 38 112

2020 26 25 4 56 111

1151_1153 Clinical Programs Complex 15 31 65 111

2009 37 25 48 109

2046 Hollister Hall 19 30 60 109

2603C Marching Band Facility 38 69 107

2088 The Cornell Store 34 55 18 107

2005 9 95 104

3034 William T. Keeton House 19 28 13 42 103

1015W M Van Rensselaer West 28 26 48 102

3033 Hans Bethe House 17 29 16 40 102

3202 Court_Mews_Kay_Bauer Residence Complex 25 29 0 47 102

2047A Kroch,Carl A Library 41 27 32 101

1024 Bailey Hall 22 39 39 101

‐ 20 40 60 80 100 120

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Z_All

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EUI: 90 to 100 kBtu/GSF EUI (kBtu/GSF)

2610 Grumman Squash Courts 23 76 99

4001 Library Annex‐Storage Facility 58 41 99

2042 Carpenter Hall 24 29 46 99

2444 Plantations Welcome Center 43 55 98

4777 Maryann Wd 120, Phi Kappa Psi 27 5 64 96

2002 White Hall 29 23 44 96

2033 Statler Hall & Auditorium 38 39 19 95

3036 Noyes Community And Rec Center 18 41 36 95

3011 Lyon Hall 18 76 95

2010 Uris Library 29 29 36 94

4747 Forest Park Lane 1, Sigma Phi 22 71 93

1040 Rice Hall 7 86 93

2021 Myron Taylor Hall 22 29 41 91

1043 Livestock Pavilion 2 89 91

2043 Grumman Hall + 2045 Upson Hall Complex 13 33 45 91

1080 Kennedy & Roberts Complex 18 32 4 36 91

2004 Sibley Hall 12 24 54 90

‐ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Z_All

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EUI 70 to 90

EUI (kBtu/GSF)

2598 Plantation Horticultural Ctr 24 65 89 2026 Day Hall 27 22 37 87 1027 Mann Library 20 29 36 85 2616 Helen Newman Hall 33 52 85 3002 27 38 19 84 4776 Maryann Wd 104,Delta Tau Delta 18 5 60 83 3018 14 16 53 83 3006H_6T Boldt Complex 14 69 82 2047 Olin Library 21 20 41 82 3005 Founders Hall 15 66 81 2023 Humphreys Service Bldg 25 21 35 81 1007_1008_1009_ILR_Complex 19 28 33 80 2611 Teagle Hall 25 55 80 1013BCD_Complex 23 56 79 1070 Bruckner Lab 14 22 42 79 1015A M Van Rensselaer Hall 21 29 1 28 79 2081 Malott Hall 13 25 40 78 1100 Pomology Cold Storage Sales 41 37 78 2080B_C E Ithaca Environmental Health and Pipe Weld… 12 66 78 3201 George Jameson Hall 15 62 77 3009 15 61 76 1025 Caldwell Hall 2 19 54 76 3003 Risley 17 56 73 2631 Bartels Hall 4 28 41 73 4741 Forest Park La 2,Psi Upsilon 8 ‐ 64 72 2001 Morrill Hall 9 21 41 71 2017 14 10 46 70 3010B Maple Ave 120 48 22 70 1001 4 17 48 70

‐ 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Z_All

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EUI <70

EUI (kBtu/GSF)

3026 Mary Donlon Hall 20 48 68

2704 Gannett Health Services 17 27 24 68

3001 Cascadilla Hall 22 1 43 67

2061 Ward Center For Nuclear Stdies 2 29 35 65

1033 Beebe Hall 23 43 65

1029 Fernow Hall 12 27 27 65

2016 Schwartz Ctr‐Performing Arts 12 20 32 65

2038 Anabel Taylor Hall 9 55 63

3126 Noyes Lodge ‐ Beebe Lake 52 11 63

2921 East Hill Office Building 44 18 62

3028 Hughes Hall ‐ 9 52 61

4767 Thurston Ave 626,Alumni House 15 46 60

2013 Goldwin Smith Hall_2013A Klarman Hall 12 19 29 60

3090 Sheldon Court 19 0 39 59

2011 Stimson Hall 9 14 32 56

3802 Paul Milstein Hall 18 21 16 55

1026 Warren Hall 11 24 20 54

1003 Ives Hall Faculty Wing 5 19 22 47

2003 Mcgraw Hall 9 33 42

1167 Teaching Dairy Barn 20 22 42

2014 Rockefeller Hall 2 17 21 40

1047 Cals Surge Facility 9 23 32

2006 A D White House 6 23 29

0 1020304050607080

Chilled Water Electric Natural Gas Steam Z_All

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